NVIDIA 10Q 2025 Q2 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended July 28, 2024


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number: 0-23985

NVIDIA CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware			94-3177549
(State or other jurisdiction of			(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)			Identification No.)

2788 San Tomas Expressway, Santa Clara, California			95051
(Address of principal executive offices)			(Zip Code)

(408) 486-2000

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share	NVDA	The Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☒

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares of common stock, $0.001 par value, outstanding as of August 23, 2024, was 24.53 billion.

NVIDIA Corporation

Form 10-Q

For the Quarter Ended July 28, 2024

Table of Contents


		Page
	Part I : Financial Information

Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)

	a) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended July 28, 2024 and July 30, 2023	3

	b) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and six months ended July 28, 2024 and July 30, 2023	4

	c) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of July 28, 2024 and January 28, 2024	5

	d) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the three and six months ended July 28, 2024 and July 30, 2023	6

	e) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended July 28, 2024 and July 30, 2023	8

	f) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	9

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	24

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	33

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	33

	Part II : Other Information

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	34

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	34

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	40

Item 5.	Other Information	40

Item 6.	Exhibits	41

Signature		42

Where You Can Find More Information

Investors and others should note that we announce material financial information to our investors using our investor relations website, press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts. We also use the following social media channels as a means of disclosing information about the company, our products, our planned financial and other announcements and attendance at upcoming investor and industry conferences, and other matters, and for complying with our disclosure obligations under Regulation FD:

NVIDIA Corporate Blog (http://blogs.nvidia.com)

NVIDIA Technical Blog (http://developer.nvidia.com/blog/)

NVIDIA LinkedIn Page (http://www.linkedin.com/company/nvidia)

NVIDIA Facebook Page (https://www.facebook.com/nvidia)

NVIDIA Instagram Page (https://www.instagram.com/nvidia)

NVIDIA X Account (https://x.com/nvidia)

In addition, investors and others can view NVIDIA videos on YouTube (https://www.YouTube.com/nvidia).

The information we post through these social media channels may be deemed material. Accordingly, investors should monitor these accounts and the blog, in addition to following our press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts. This list may be updated from time to time. The information we post through these channels is not a part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. These channels may be updated from time to time on NVIDIA's investor relations website.

Part I. Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)

NVIDIA Corporation and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income

(In millions, except per share data)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	Jul 28, 2024		Jul 30, 2023		Jul 28, 2024		Jul 30, 2023

Revenue	$	30,040	$	13,507	$	56,084	$	20,699
Cost of revenue	7,466		4,045		13,105		6,589
Gross profit	22,574		9,462		42,979		14,110
Operating expenses
Research and development	3,090		2,040		5,810		3,916
Sales, general and administrative	842		622		1,618		1,253
Total operating expenses	3,932		2,662		7,428		5,169
Operating income	18,642		6,800		35,551		8,941
Interest income	444		187		803		338
Interest expense	(61)		(65)		(125)		(131)
Other, net	189		59		264		42
Other income (expense), net	572		181		942		249
Income before income tax	19,214		6,981		36,493		9,190
Income tax expense	2,615		793		5,013		958
Net income	$	16,599	$	6,188	$	31,480	$	8,232

Net income per share:
Basic	$	0.68	$	0.25	$	1.28	$	0.33
Diluted	$	0.67	$	0.25	$	1.27	$	0.33

Weighted average shares used in per share computation:
Basic	24,578		24,729		24,599		24,716
Diluted	24,848		24,994		24,869		24,948

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

NVIDIA Corporation and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(In millions)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	Jul 28, 2024		Jul 30, 2023		Jul 28, 2024		Jul 30, 2023

Net income	$	16,599	$	6,188	$	31,480	$	8,232
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Available-for-sale securities:
Net change in unrealized gain (loss)	150		(11)		22		7


Cash flow hedges:
Net change in unrealized gain	23		22		20		8
Reclassification adjustments for net realized loss included in net income	(8)		(12)		(13)		(23)
Net change in unrealized gain (loss)	15		10		7		(15)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	165		(1)		29		(8)
Total comprehensive income	$	16,764	$	6,187	$	31,509	$	8,224

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

NVIDIA Corporation and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In millions)

(Unaudited)


	Jul 28, 2024		Jan 28, 2024
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	8,563	$	7,280
Marketable securities	26,237		18,704
Accounts receivable, net	14,132		9,999
Inventories	6,675		5,282
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	4,026		3,080
Total current assets	59,633		44,345
Property and equipment, net	4,885		3,914
Operating lease assets	1,556		1,346
Goodwill	4,622		4,430
Intangible assets, net	952		1,112
Deferred income tax assets	9,578		6,081
Other assets	4,001		4,500
Total assets	$	85,227	$	65,728

Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	3,680	$	2,699
Accrued and other current liabilities	10,289		6,682
Short-term debt	—		1,250
Total current liabilities	13,969		10,631
Long-term debt	8,461		8,459
Long-term operating lease liabilities	1,304		1,119
Other long-term liabilities	3,336		2,541
Total liabilities	27,070		22,750
Commitments and contingencies - see Note 12
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock	—		—
Common stock	25		25
Additional paid-in capital	12,115		13,109

Accumulated other comprehensive income	56		27
Retained earnings	45,961		29,817
Total shareholders' equity	58,157		42,978
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	85,227	$	65,728

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

NVIDIA Corporation and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity

For the Three Months Ended July 28, 2024 and July 30, 2023

(Unaudited)


	Common Stock Outstanding			Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Retained Earnings		Total Shareholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount
(In millions, except per share data)
Balances, Apr 28, 2024	24,598	$	25	$	12,628	$	(109)	$	36,598	$	49,142
Net income	—	—		—		—		16,599		16,599
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		165		—		165
Issuance of common stock from stock plans	38	—		—		—		—		—
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock units	(11)	—		(1,637)		—		—		(1,637)
Shares repurchased	(63)	—		(38)		—		(6,990)		(7,028)
Cash dividends declared and paid ($0.01 per common share)	—	—		—		—		(246)		(246)
Stock-based compensation	—	—		1,162		—		—		1,162
Balances, Jul 28, 2024	24,562	$	25	$	12,115	$	56	$	45,961	$	58,157
Balances, Apr 30, 2023	24,731	$	25	$	12,430	$	(50)	$	12,115	$	24,520
Net income	—	—		—		—		6,188		6,188
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		(1)		—		(1)
Issuance of common stock from stock plans	52	—		1		—		—		1
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock units	(16)	—		(672)		—		—		(672)
Shares repurchased	(75)	—		(1)		—		(3,283)		(3,284)
Cash dividends declared and paid ($0.004 per common share)	—	—		—		—		(99)		(99)
Stock-based compensation	—	—		848		—		—		848
Balances, Jul 30, 2023	24,692	$	25	$	12,606	$	(51)	$	14,921	$	27,501

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

NVIDIA Corporation and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity

For the Six Months Ended July 28, 2024 and July 30, 2023

(Unaudited)


	Common Stock Outstanding			Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Retained Earnings		Total Shareholders' Equity
	Shares	Amount
(In millions, except per share data)
Balances, Jan 28, 2024	24,643	$	25	$	13,109	$	27	$	29,817	$	42,978
Net income	—	—		—		—		31,480		31,480
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		29		—		29
Issuance of common stock from stock plans	113	—		285		—		—		285
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock units	(32)	—		(3,389)		—		—		(3,389)
Shares repurchased	(162)	—		(71)		—		(14,992)		(15,063)
Cash dividends declared and paid ($0.014 per common share)	—	—		—		—		(344)		(344)

Stock-based compensation	—	—		2,181		—		—		2,181
Balances, Jul 28, 2024	24,562	$	25	$	12,115	$	56	$	45,961	$	58,157
Balances, Jan 29, 2023	24,661	$	25	$	11,948	$	(43)	$	10,171	$	22,101
Net income	—	—		—		—		8,232		8,232
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		(8)		—		(8)
Issuance of common stock from stock plans	143	—		247		—		—		247
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock units	(37)	—		(1,179)		—		—		(1,179)
Shares repurchased	(75)	—		(1)		—		(3,283)		(3,284)
Cash dividends declared and paid ($0.008 per common share)	—	—		—		—		(199)		(199)
Stock-based compensation	—	—		1,591		—		—		1,591
Balances, Jul 30, 2023	24,692	$	25	$	12,606	$	(51)	$	14,921	$	27,501

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

NVIDIA Corporation and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In millions)

(Unaudited)


	Six Months Ended
	Jul 28, 2024		Jul 30, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	31,480	$	8,232
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Stock-based compensation expense	2,164		1,576
Depreciation and amortization	843		749
Gains on investments in non-affiliated entities and publicly-held equity securities, net	(264)		(45)
Deferred income taxes	(3,276)		(1,881)
Other	(288)		(102)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:
Accounts receivable	(4,133)		(3,239)
Inventories	(1,380)		861
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(12)		(592)
Accounts payable	801		789
Accrued and other current liabilities	3,314		2,675
Other long-term liabilities	584		236
Net cash provided by operating activities	29,833		9,259
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities	8,098		5,111
Proceeds from sales of marketable securities	164		—
Purchases of marketable securities	(15,047)		(5,343)
Purchases related to property and equipment and intangible assets	(1,346)		(537)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(317)		(83)
Purchases of investments in non-affiliated entities	(534)		(456)
Proceeds from sales of investments in non-affiliated entities	105		—
Other	—		21
Net cash used in investing activities	(8,877)		(1,287)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds related to employee stock plans	285		247
Payments related to repurchases of common stock	(14,898)		(3,067)
Repayment of debt	(1,250)		(1,250)
Payments related to tax on restricted stock units	(3,389)		(1,179)
Dividends paid	(344)		(199)
Principal payments on property and equipment and intangible assets	(69)		(31)
Net cash used in financing activities	(19,665)		(5,479)
Change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	1,291		2,493
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period	7,280		3,389
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	$	8,571	$	5,882
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash to the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	8,563	$	5,783
Restricted cash, included in prepaid expenses and other current assets	8		99
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	8,571	$	5,882
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for income taxes, net	$	7,449	$	328

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

NVIDIA Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or U.S. GAAP, for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, Regulation S-X. The January 28, 2024 consolidated balance sheet was derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 28, 2024, as filed with the SEC, but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of results of operations and financial position, have been included. The results for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for any future period. The following information should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 28, 2024.

In May 2024, we announced a ten-for-one stock split, or the Stock Split, of our issued common stock, which was effected through the filing of an amendment to the Company's Restated Certificate of Incorporation, or the Amendment, with the Secretary of the State of Delaware. In June 2024, the Company filed the Amendment to effect the Stock Split and proportionately increased the number of shares of the Company’s authorized common stock from 8.0 billion to 80.0 billion. Shareholders of record at the close of market on June 6, 2024 received nine additional shares of common stock, distributed after the close of market on June 7, 2024. All share, equity award and per share amounts presented herein have been retrospectively adjusted to reflect the Stock Split.

Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no material changes to our significant accounting policies disclosed in Note 1 - Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 28, 2024.

Fiscal Year

We operate on a 52- or 53-week year, ending on the last Sunday in January. Fiscal years 2025 and 2024 are both 52-week years. The second quarters of fiscal years 2025 and 2024 were both 13-week quarters.

Principles of Consolidation

Our condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of NVIDIA Corporation and our wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from our estimates. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to accounts receivable, cash equivalents and marketable securities, goodwill, income taxes, inventories and product purchase commitments, investigation and settlement costs, litigation, other contingencies, property, plant, and equipment, revenue recognition, and stock-based compensation. These estimates are based on historical facts and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued a new accounting standard requiring disclosures of significant expenses in operating segments. We expect to adopt this standard in our annual reporting starting with fiscal year 2025. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued a new accounting standard which includes new and updated income tax disclosures, including disaggregation of rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. We expect to adopt this standard in our annual reporting starting with fiscal year 2026. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

NVIDIA Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Note 2 - Leases

Our lease obligations primarily consist of operating leases for our headquarters complex, domestic and international office facilities, and data center space, with lease periods expiring between fiscal years 2025 and 2035.

Future minimum lease payments under our non-cancelable operating leases as of July 28, 2024 were as follows:


	Operating Lease Obligations
	(In millions)
Fiscal Year:
2025 (excluding first half of fiscal year 2025)	$	144
2026	316
2027	299
2028	280
2029	247
2030 and thereafter	486
Total	1,772
Less imputed interest	218
Present value of net future minimum lease payments	1,554
Less short-term operating lease liabilities	250
Long-term operating lease liabilities	$	1,304

In addition, operating leases of $1.0 billion, primarily for our data centers, are expected to commence during fiscal year 2025 with lease terms of 2 to 10.5 years.

Operating lease expenses were $84 million and $67 million for the second quarter of fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $164 million and $126 million for the first half of fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively. Short-term and variable lease expenses for the second quarter and first half of fiscal years 2025 and 2024 were not significant.

Other information related to leases was as follows:


	Six Months Ended
	Jul 28, 2024		Jul 30, 2023

	(In millions)
Supplemental cash flows information
Operating cash flow used for operating leases	$	146	$	135
Operating lease assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations	$	405	$	299

As of July 28, 2024, our operating leases had a weighted average remaining lease term of 6.4 years and a weighted average discount rate of 4.03%. As of January 28, 2024, our operating leases had a weighted average remaining lease term of 6.1 years and a weighted average discount rate of 3.76%.

NVIDIA Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Note 3 - Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense is associated with restricted stock units, or RSUs, performance stock units that are based on our corporate financial performance targets, or PSUs, performance stock units that are based on market conditions, or market-based PSUs, and employee stock purchase plan, or ESPP.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income include stock-based compensation expense, net of amounts capitalized into inventory and subsequently recognized to cost of revenue, as follows:


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	Jul 28, 2024		Jul 30, 2023		Jul 28, 2024		Jul 30, 2023

	(In millions)
Cost of revenue	$	40	$	31	$	75	$	58
Research and development	832		600		1,559		1,124
Sales, general and administrative	282		211		530		394
Total	$	1,154	$	842	$	2,164	$	1,576

Equity Award Activity

The following is a summary of our equity award transactions under our equity incentive plans:


	RSUs, PSUs, and Market-based PSUs Outstanding
	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share

	(In millions, except per share data)
Balances, Jan 28, 2024	367	$	24.59
Granted	79	$	82.68

Vested	(93)	$	19.23
Canceled and forfeited	(5)	$	28.82
Balances, Jul 28, 2024	348	$	39.16

As of July 28, 2024, aggregate unearned stock-based compensation expense was $12.8 billion, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.5 years for RSUs, PSUs, and market-based PSUs, and 0.8 years for ESPP.

Note 4 - Net Income Per Share

The following is a reconciliation of the denominator of the basic and diluted net income per share computations for the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	Jul 28, 2024		Jul 30, 2023		Jul 28, 2024		Jul 30, 2023

	(In millions, except per share data)
Numerator:
Net income	$	16,599	$	6,188	$	31,480	$	8,232
Denominator:
Basic weighted average shares	24,578		24,729		24,599		24,716
Dilutive impact of outstanding equity awards	270		265		270		232


Diluted weighted average shares	24,848		24,994		24,869		24,948
Net income per share:
Basic (1)	$	0.68	$	0.25	$	1.28	$	0.33
Diluted (2)	$	0.67	$	0.25	$	1.27	$	0.33
Equity awards excluded from diluted net income per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive	5		104		68		136

(1) Calculated as net income divided by basic weighted average shares.

(2) Calculated as net income divided by diluted weighted average shares.

NVIDIA Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Diluted net income per share is computed using the weighted average number of common and potentially dilutive shares outstanding during the period, using the treasury stock method. The anti-dilutive effect of equity awards outstanding is not included in the computation of diluted net income per share.

Note 5 - Income Taxes

Income tax expense was $2.6 billion and $5.0 billion for the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2025, respectively, and $793 million and $958 million for the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2024, respectively. The income tax expense as a percentage of income before income tax for the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2025 was 13.6% and 13.7%, respectively, and 11.4% and 10.4% for the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2024, respectively.

The effective tax rate increased primarily due to a lower percentage of tax benefits from the foreign-derived intangible income deduction relative to the increase in income before income tax.

Effective tax rates for the first half of fiscal years 2025 and 2024 were lower than the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% due to tax benefits from stock-based compensation, the foreign-derived intangible income deduction, income earned in jurisdictions that are subject to taxes lower than the U.S. federal statutory tax rate, and the U.S. federal research tax credit.

Given our current and anticipated future earnings, we believe that we may release the valuation allowance associated with certain state deferred tax assets in the near term, which would decrease our income tax expense for the period the release is recorded. The timing and amount of the valuation allowance release could vary based on our assessment of all available evidence.

While we believe that we have adequately provided for all uncertain tax positions, or tax positions where we believe it is not more-likely-than-not that the position will be sustained upon review, amounts asserted by tax authorities could be greater or less than our accrued position. Accordingly, our provisions on federal, state and foreign tax related matters to be recorded in the future may change as revised estimates are made or the underlying matters are settled or otherwise resolved with the respective tax authorities. As of July 28, 2024, we do not believe that our estimates, as otherwise provided for, on such tax positions will significantly increase or decrease within the next 12 months.

Note 6 - Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

The following is a summary of cash equivalents and marketable securities:


	Jul 28, 2024
	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gain		Unrealized Loss		Estimated Fair Value		Reported as
									Cash Equivalents		Marketable Securities

	(In millions)
Debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury	$	14,051	$	42	$	(10)	$	14,083	$	2,132	$	11,951
Corporate debt securities	11,994		37		(7)		12,024		682		11,342
Money market funds	5,252		—		—		5,252		5,252		—
Debt securities issued by U.S. government agencies	2,461		7		(2)		2,466		50		2,416
Certificates of deposit	141		—		—		141		32		109



Total marketable securities with fair value adjustments recorded in other comprehensive income	$	33,899	$	86	$	(19)	$	33,966	$	8,148	$	25,818
Publicly-held equity securities (1)							$	419	$	—	$	419
Total	$	33,899	$	86	$	(19)	$	34,385	$	8,148	$	26,237

(1) Fair value adjustments on publicly-held equity securities are recorded in net income. In the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, publicly-held equity securities from investments in non-affiliated entities were classified in marketable securities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

For the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2025, net unrealized gains on investments in publicly-held equity securities were $132 million and $181 million, respectively. For the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2024, net unrealized gains on investments in publicly-held equity securities were not significant.

NVIDIA Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(Unaudited)


	Jan 28, 2024
	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gain		Unrealized Loss		Estimated Fair Value		Reported as
									Cash Equivalents		Marketable Securities

	(In millions)
Corporate debt securities	$	10,126	$	31	$	(5)	$	10,152	$	2,231	$	7,921
Debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury	9,517		17		(10)		9,524		1,315		8,209
Money market funds	3,031		—		—		3,031		3,031		—
Debt securities issued by U.S. government agencies	2,326		8		(1)		2,333		89		2,244
Certificates of deposit	510		—		—		510		294		216
Foreign government bonds	174		—		—		174		60		114


Total marketable securities with fair value changes recorded in other comprehensive income	$	25,684	$	56	$	(16)	$	25,724	$	7,020	$	18,704

The following tables provide the breakdown of unrealized losses, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual debt securities have been in a continuous loss position:


	Jul 28, 2024
	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or Greater				Total
	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Loss		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Loss		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Loss

	(In millions)
Debt securities issued by U.S. government agencies	$	4,031	$	(8)	$	857	$	(2)	$	4,888	$	(10)
Corporate debt securities	3,170		(5)		396		(2)		3,566		(7)
Debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury	1,210		(1)		117		(1)		1,327		(2)
Total	$	8,411	$	(14)	$	1,370	$	(5)	$	9,781	$	(19)


	Jan 28, 2024
	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or Greater				Total
	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Loss		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Loss		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Loss

	(In millions)
Debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury	$	3,343	$	(5)	$	1,078	$	(5)	$	4,421	$	(10)
Corporate debt securities	1,306		(3)		618		(2)		1,924		(5)
Debt securities issued by U.S. government agencies	670		(1)		—		—		670		(1)
Total	$	5,319	$	(9)	$	1,696	$	(7)	$	7,015	$	(16)

Gross unrealized losses are related to fixed income securities, driven primarily by changes in interest rates.

NVIDIA Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(Unaudited)

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities included in cash equivalents and marketable securities are shown below by contractual maturity.


	Jul 28, 2024				Jan 28, 2024
	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value

	(In millions)
Less than one year	$	15,535	$	15,532	$	16,336	$	16,329
Due in 1 - 5 years	18,364		18,434		9,348		9,395

Total	$	33,899	$	33,966	$	25,684	$	25,724

Note 7 - Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities and Investments in Non-Affiliated Entities

The fair values of our financial assets and liabilities are determined using quoted market prices of identical assets or market prices of similar assets from active markets. We review fair value classification on a quarterly basis.


	Pricing Category	Fair Value at
		Jul 28, 2024		Jan 28, 2024

		(In millions)
Assets
Cash equivalents and marketable securities:
Money market funds	Level 1	$	5,252	$	3,031
Publicly-held equity securities	Level 1	$	419	$	—
Debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury	Level 2	$	14,083	$	9,524
Corporate debt securities	Level 2	$	12,024	$	10,152
Debt securities issued by U.S. government agencies	Level 2	$	2,466	$	2,333
Certificates of deposit	Level 2	$	141	$	510
Foreign government bonds	Level 2	$	—	$	174


Other assets (Investments in non-affiliated entities):
Publicly-held equity securities	Level 1	$	—	$	225




Liabilities (1)





0.584% Notes Due 2024	Level 2	$	—	$	1,228
3.20% Notes Due 2026	Level 2	$	973	$	970
1.55% Notes Due 2028	Level 2	$	1,126	$	1,115
2.85% Notes Due 2030	Level 2	$	1,380	$	1,367
2.00% Notes Due 2031	Level 2	$	1,068	$	1,057
3.50% Notes Due 2040	Level 2	$	839	$	851
3.50% Notes Due 2050	Level 2	$	1,559	$	1,604
3.70% Notes Due 2060	Level 2	$	386	$	403

(1) These liabilities are carried on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at their original issuance value, net of unamortized debt discount and issuance costs.

Investments in Non-Affiliated Entities

Our investments in non-affiliated entities include non-marketable equity securities, which are primarily investments in privately held companies. In the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, publicly-held equity securities from investments in non-affiliated entities were classified in marketable securities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Our non-marketable equity securities are recorded in long-term other assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and valued under the measurement alternative. Gains and losses on these investments, realized and unrealized, are recognized in Other income and expense, net on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

NVIDIA Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Adjustments to the carrying value of our non-marketable equity securities during the second quarter and first half of fiscal years 2025 and 2024 were as follows:


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	Jul 28, 2024		Jul 30, 2023		Jul 28, 2024		Jul 30, 2023

	(In millions)
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,463	$	496	$	1,321	$	288
Adjustments related to non-marketable equity securities:
Net additions	294		181		421		402
Unrealized gains	77		—		92		—
Impairments and unrealized losses	(15)		(1)		(15)		(14)
Balance at end of period	$	1,819	$	676	$	1,819	$	676

Non-marketable equity securities had cumulative gross unrealized gains of $362 million and cumulative gross losses and impairments of $60 million as of July 28, 2024.

Note 8 - Amortizable Intangible Assets and Goodwill

The components of our amortizable intangible assets are as follows:


	Jul 28, 2024						Jan 28, 2024
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount

	(In millions)
Acquisition-related intangible assets	$	2,752	$	(1,976)	$	776	$	2,642	$	(1,720)	$	922
Patents and licensed technology	442		(266)		176		449		(259)		190
Total intangible assets	$	3,194	$	(2,242)	$	952	$	3,091	$	(1,979)	$	1,112

For the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2025, amortization expense associated with intangible assets was $146 million and $289 million, respectively. For the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2024, amortization expense was $146 million and $327 million, respectively.

The following table outlines the estimated amortization expense related to the net carrying amount of intangible assets as of July 28, 2024:


	Future Amortization Expense
	(In millions)
Fiscal Year:
2025 (excluding first half of fiscal year 2025)	$	295
2026	304
2027	192
2028	51
2029	9
2030 and thereafter	101
Total	$	952

In the first half of fiscal year 2025, goodwill increased by $192 million from business combinations assigned to our Compute & Networking reporting unit.

NVIDIA Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Note 9 - Balance Sheet Components

Three customers accounted for 23%, 15%, and 11% of our accounts receivable balance as of July 28, 2024. Two customers accounted for 24% and 11% of our accounts receivable balance as of January 28, 2024.

Certain balance sheet components are as follows:


	Jul 28, 2024		Jan 28, 2024

Inventories:	(In millions)
Raw materials	$	1,895	$	1,719
Work in process	2,111		1,505
Finished goods	2,669		2,058
Total inventories (1)	$	6,675	$	5,282

(1) During the second quarter of fiscal years 2025 and 2024, we recorded an inventory provision of $345 million and $343 million, respectively and during the first half of fiscal years 2025 and 2024, we recorded an inventory provision of $555 million and $448 million, respectively, in cost of revenue.


	Jul 28, 2024		Jan 28, 2024

Other Assets (Long Term):	(In millions)
Investments in non-affiliated entities	$	1,819	$	1,546
Prepaid supply and capacity agreements (1)	1,313		2,458
Prepaid royalties	352		364


Prepaid tax	331		2
Other	186		130
Total other assets	$	4,001	$	4,500

(1) As of July 28, 2024 and January 28, 2024, there were $3.3 billion and $2.5 billion of short-term prepaid supply and capacity agreements included in short term Prepaid expenses and other current assets, respectively.


	Jul 28, 2024		Jan 28, 2024

Accrued and Other Current Liabilities:	(In millions)
Customer program accruals	$	3,584	$	2,081
Excess inventory purchase obligations (1)	2,051		1,655
Taxes payable	1,173		296
Deferred revenue (2)	948		764
Accrued payroll and related expenses	941		675
Product warranty and return provisions	868		415
Operating leases	250		228
Licenses and royalties	154		182
Unsettled share repurchases	130		187










Other	190		199
Total accrued and other current liabilities	$	10,289	$	6,682

(1) During the second quarter of fiscal years 2025 and 2024, we recorded $563 million and $232 million, respectively and during the first half of fiscal years 2025 and 2024, we recorded $746 million and $261 million, respectively, in cost of revenue.

(2) Deferred revenue includes customer advances and unearned revenue related to hardware support, software support, cloud services, and license and development arrangements. The balance as of July 28, 2024 and January 28, 2024 included $340 million and $233 million of customer advances, respectively.

NVIDIA Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(Unaudited)


	Jul 28, 2024		Jan 28, 2024

Other Long-Term Liabilities:	(In millions)
Income tax payable (1)	$	1,670	$	1,361
Deferred revenue (2)	773		573
Deferred income tax	697		462



Other	196		145
Total other long-term liabilities	$	3,336	$	2,541

(1) Income tax payable is comprised of the long-term portion of the one-time transition tax payable, unrecognized tax benefits, and related interest and penalties.

(2) Deferred revenue includes unearned revenue related to hardware support and software support.

Deferred Revenue

The following table shows the changes in short and long term deferred revenue during the first half of fiscal years 2025 and 2024:


	Six Months Ended
	Jul 28, 2024		Jul 30, 2023

	(In millions)
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,337	$	572
Deferred revenue additions	1,478		713
Revenue recognized	(1,094)		(556)
Balance at end of period	$	1,721	$	729

We recognized revenue of $323 million and $199 million for the first half of fiscal years 2025 and 2024 respectively, that were included in the prior year end deferred revenue balances.

For revenue contracts with a length greater than one year, $1.3 billion is included in deferred revenue and $123 million has not yet been billed nor recognized as revenue as of July 28, 2024. Approximately 37% of this combined amount will be recognized as revenue over the next twelve months.

Note 10 - Derivative Financial Instruments

We entered into foreign currency forward contracts mitigating the impact of foreign currency exchange rate movements on our operating expenses. These contracts are designated as cash flow hedges. Gains or losses on the contracts are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss and reclassified to operating expense when the related operating expenses are recognized in earnings or ineffectiveness should occur.

We also entered into foreign currency forward contracts mitigating the impact of foreign currency movements on monetary assets and liabilities. The change in fair value of these non-designated contracts was recorded in other income or expense and offsets the change in fair value of the hedged foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities, which was also recorded in other income or expense.

The table below presents the notional value of our foreign currency contracts outstanding:


	Jul 28, 2024		Jan 28, 2024

	(In millions)
Designated as cash flow hedges	$	1,278	$	1,168
Non-designated hedges	$	894	$	597

The unrealized gains and losses or fair value of our foreign currency contracts were not significant as of July 28, 2024 and January 28, 2024.

As of July 28, 2024, all designated foreign currency contracts mature within 18 months and the expected realized gains and losses were not significant.

During the first half of fiscal years 2025 and 2024, the impact of derivative financial instruments designated for cash flow hedges was not significant and the instruments were determined to be highly effective.

NVIDIA Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Note 11 - Debt

Long-Term Debt


	Expected Remaining Term (years)	Effective Interest Rate	Carrying Value at
			Jul 28, 2024		Jan 28, 2024

			(In millions)


0.584% Notes Due 2024 (1)	—	0.66%	$	—	$	1,250
3.20% Notes Due 2026	2.1	3.31%	1,000		1,000
1.55% Notes Due 2028	3.9	1.64%	1,250		1,250
2.85% Notes Due 2030	5.7	2.93%	1,500		1,500
2.00% Notes Due 2031	6.9	2.09%	1,250		1,250
3.50% Notes Due 2040	15.7	3.54%	1,000		1,000
3.50% Notes Due 2050	25.7	3.54%	2,000		2,000
3.70% Notes Due 2060	35.7	3.73%	500		500
Unamortized debt discount and issuance costs			(39)		(41)
Net carrying amount			8,461		9,709
Less short-term portion			—		(1,250)
Total long-term portion			$	8,461	$	8,459

(1) We repaid the 0.584% Notes Due 2024 in the second quarter of fiscal year 2025.

Our notes are unsecured senior obligations. Existing and future liabilities of our subsidiaries will be effectively senior to the notes. Our notes pay interest semi-annually. We may redeem each of our notes prior to maturity, as defined in the applicable form of note. The maturity of the notes are calendar year.

As of July 28, 2024, we complied with the required covenants, which are non-financial in nature, under the outstanding notes.

Commercial Paper

We have a $575 million commercial paper program to support general corporate purposes. As of July 28, 2024, we had no commercial paper outstanding.

Note 12 - Commitments and Contingencies

Purchase Obligations

Our purchase obligations reflect our commitment to purchase components used to manufacture our products, including long-term supply and capacity agreements, certain software and technology licenses, other goods and services and long-lived assets.

As of July 28, 2024, we had outstanding inventory purchases and long-term supply and capacity obligations totaling $27.8 billion, an increase from the prior year due to commitments for Hopper and Blackwell capacity and components. We enter into agreements with contract manufacturers that allow them to procure inventory based upon our defined criteria, and in certain instances, these agreements are cancellable, able to be rescheduled, and adjustable for our business needs prior to placing firm orders. Though, changes to these agreements may result in additional costs. Other non-inventory purchase obligations were $12.0 billion, including $9.8 billion of multi-year cloud service agreements. We expect our cloud service agreements to be used to support our research and development efforts and our DGX Cloud offerings.

NVIDIA Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Total future purchase commitments as of July 28, 2024 are as follows:


	Commitments
	(In millions)
Fiscal Year:
2025 (excluding first half of fiscal year 2025)	$	21,934
2026	10,671
2027	2,778
2028	2,436
2029	1,543
2030 and thereafter	419
Total	$	39,781

Accrual for Product Warranty Liabilities

The estimated amount of product warranty liabilities was $741 million and $306 million as of July 28, 2024 and January 28, 2024, respectively. The estimated product returns and product warranty activity consisted of the following:


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	Jul 28, 2024		Jul 30, 2023		Jul 28, 2024		Jul 30, 2023
	(In millions)
Balance at beginning of period	$	532	$	77	$	306	$	82
Additions	237		42		471		55
Utilization	(28)		(4)		(36)		(22)
Balance at end of period	$	741	$	115	$	741	$	115

We have provided indemnities for matters such as tax, product, and employee liabilities. We have included intellectual property indemnification provisions in our technology-related agreements with third parties. Maximum potential future payments cannot be estimated because many of these agreements do not have a maximum stated liability. We have not recorded any liability in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for such indemnifications.

Litigation

Securities Class Action and Derivative Lawsuits

The plaintiffs in the putative securities class action lawsuit, captioned 4:18-cv-07669-HSG, initially filed on December 21, 2018 in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, and titled In Re NVIDIA Corporation Securities Litigation, filed an amended complaint on May 13, 2020. The amended complaint asserted that NVIDIA and certain NVIDIA executives violated Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and SEC Rule 10b-5, by making materially false or misleading statements related to channel inventory and the impact of cryptocurrency mining on GPU demand between May 10, 2017 and November 14, 2018. Plaintiffs also alleged that the NVIDIA executives who they named as defendants violated Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act. Plaintiffs sought class certification, an award of unspecified compensatory damages, an award of reasonable costs and expenses, including attorneys’ fees and expert fees, and further relief as the Court may deem just and proper. On March 2, 2021, the district court granted NVIDIA’s motion to dismiss the complaint without leave to amend, entered judgment in favor of NVIDIA and closed the case. On March 30, 2021, plaintiffs filed an appeal from judgment in the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, case number 21-15604. On August 25, 2023, a majority of a three-judge Ninth Circuit panel affirmed in part and reversed in part the district court’s dismissal of the case, with a third judge dissenting on the basis that the district court did not err in dismissing the case. On November 15, 2023, the Ninth Circuit denied NVIDIA’s petition for rehearing en banc of the Ninth Circuit panel’s majority decision to reverse in part the dismissal of the case, which NVIDIA had filed on October 10, 2023. On November 21, 2023, NVIDIA filed a motion with the Ninth Circuit for a stay of the mandate pending NVIDIA’s petition for a writ of certiorari in the Supreme Court of the United States and the Supreme Court’s resolution of the matter. On December 5, 2023, the Ninth Circuit granted NVIDIA’s motion to stay the mandate. NVIDIA filed a petition for a writ of certiorari on March 4, 2024. On June 17, 2024, the Supreme Court of the United States granted NVIDIA’s petition for a writ of certiorari. Four amicus briefs were filed in support of NVIDIA's petition. Oral arguments are scheduled for November 13, 2024.

NVIDIA Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(Unaudited)

The putative derivative lawsuit pending in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, captioned 4:19-cv-00341-HSG, initially filed January 18, 2019 and titled In re NVIDIA Corporation Consolidated Derivative Litigation, was stayed pending resolution of the plaintiffs’ appeal in the In Re NVIDIA Corporation Securities Litigation action. On February 22, 2022, the court administratively closed the case, but stated that it would reopen the case once the appeal in the In Re NVIDIA Corporation Securities Litigation action is resolved. The stay remains in place. The lawsuit asserts claims, purportedly on behalf of us, against certain officers and directors of the Company for breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, waste of corporate assets, and violations of Sections 14(a), 10(b), and 20(a) of the Exchange Act based on the dissemination of allegedly false and misleading statements related to channel inventory and the impact of cryptocurrency mining on GPU demand. The plaintiffs are seeking unspecified damages and other relief, including reforms and improvements to NVIDIA’s corporate governance and internal procedures.

The putative derivative actions initially filed September 24, 2019 and pending in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, Lipchitz v. Huang, et al. (Case No. 1:19-cv-01795-UNA) and Nelson v. Huang, et. al. (Case No. 1:19-cv-01798- UNA), remain stayed pending resolution of the plaintiffs’ appeal in the In Re NVIDIA Corporation Securities Litigation action. The lawsuits assert claims, purportedly on behalf of us, against certain officers and directors of the Company for breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, insider trading, misappropriation of information, corporate waste and violations of Sections 14(a), 10(b), and 20(a) of the Exchange Act based on the dissemination of allegedly false, and misleading statements related to channel inventory and the impact of cryptocurrency mining on GPU demand. The plaintiffs seek unspecified damages and other relief, including disgorgement of profits from the sale of NVIDIA stock and unspecified corporate governance measures.

Another putative derivative action was filed on October 30, 2023 in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, captioned Horanic v. Huang, et al. (Case No. 2023-1096-KSJM). This lawsuit asserts claims, purportedly on behalf of us, against certain officers and directors of the Company for breach of fiduciary duty and insider trading based on the dissemination of allegedly false and misleading statements related to channel inventory and the impact of cryptocurrency mining on GPU demand. The plaintiffs seek unspecified damages and other relief, including disgorgement of profits from the sale of NVIDIA stock and reform of unspecified corporate governance measures. This derivative matter is stayed pending the final resolution of In Re NVIDIA Corporation Securities Litigation action.

Accounting for Loss Contingencies

As of July 28, 2024, there are no accrued contingent liabilities associated with the legal proceedings described above based on our belief that liabilities, while possible, are not probable. Further, except as described above, any possible loss or range of loss in these matters cannot be reasonably estimated at this time. We are engaged in legal actions not described above arising in the ordinary course of business and, while there can be no assurance of favorable outcomes, we believe that the ultimate outcome of these actions will not have a material adverse effect on our operating results, liquidity or financial position.

Note 13 - Shareholders’ Equity

Capital Return Program

During the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2025, we repurchased 62.8 million and 162.1 million shares of our common stock for $7.0 billion and $15.1 billion, respectively. During the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2024, we repurchased 75.5 million shares of our common stock for $3.3 billion. As of July 28, 2024, we were authorized, subject to certain specifications, to repurchase up to $7.5 billion of our common stock. On August 26, 2024, our Board of Directors approved an additional $50.0 billion to our share repurchase authorization, without expiration. As of August 26, 2024, a total of $53.9 billion was available for repurchase. Our share repurchase program aims to offset dilution from shares issued to employees while maintaining adequate liquidity to meet our operating requirements. We may pursue additional share repurchases as we weigh market factors and other investment opportunities.

From July 29, 2024 through August 26, 2024, we repurchased 31.5 million shares for $3.6 billion pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan.

On June 7, 2024, we increased our quarterly cash dividend to $0.01 per share on a post-Stock Split basis to all shareholders of record on June 11, 2024. Our quarterly cash dividend was paid on June 28, 2024.

During the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2025, we paid $246 million and $344 million in cash dividends, respectively. During the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2024, we paid $99 million and $199 million in cash dividends to our shareholders, respectively. Our cash dividend program and the payment of future cash dividends under that program are subject to our Board of Directors' continuing determination that the dividend program and the declaration of dividends thereunder are in the best interests of our shareholders.

NVIDIA Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(Unaudited)

Note 14 - Segment Information

Our Chief Executive Officer is our chief operating decision maker, or CODM, and reviews financial information presented on an operating segment basis for purposes of making decisions and assessing financial performance.

The Compute & Networking segment includes our Data Center accelerated computing platforms and artificial intelligence, or AI, solutions and software; networking; automotive platforms and autonomous and electric vehicle solutions; Jetson for robotics and other embedded platforms; and DGX Cloud computing services.

The Graphics segment includes GeForce GPUs for gaming and PCs, the GeForce NOW game streaming service and related infrastructure, and solutions for gaming platforms; Quadro/NVIDIA RTX GPUs for enterprise workstation graphics; virtual GPU software for cloud-based visual and virtual computing; automotive platforms for infotainment systems; and Omniverse Enterprise software for building and operating 3D internet applications.

Operating results by segment include costs or expenses directly attributable to each segment, and costs or expenses that are leveraged across our unified architecture and therefore allocated between our two segments.

The “All Other” category includes the expenses that our CODM does not assign to either Compute & Networking or Graphics for purposes of making operating decisions or assessing financial performance. The expenses include stock-based compensation expense, corporate infrastructure and support costs, acquisition-related and other costs, and other non-recurring charges and benefits that our CODM deems to be enterprise in nature.

Our CODM does not review any information regarding total assets on a reportable segment basis. Depreciation and amortization expenses directly attributable to each reportable segment are included in operating results for each segment. However, our CODM does not evaluate depreciation and amortization expense by operating segment and, therefore, it is not separately presented. The accounting policies for segment reporting are the same as for our consolidated financial statements. The table below presents details of our reportable segments and the “All Other” category.


	Compute & Networking		Graphics		All Other		Consolidated

	(In millions)
Three Months Ended Jul 28, 2024
Revenue	$	26,446	$	3,594	$	—	$	30,040

Operating income (loss)	$	18,848	$	1,369	$	(1,575)	$	18,642

Three Months Ended Jul 30, 2023
Revenue	$	10,402	$	3,105	$	—	$	13,507

Operating income (loss)	$	6,728	$	1,211	$	(1,139)	$	6,800

Six Months Ended Jul 28, 2024
Revenue	$	49,121	$	6,963	$	—	$	56,084

Operating income (loss)	$	35,896	$	2,609	$	(2,954)	$	35,551

Six Months Ended Jul 30, 2023
Revenue	$	14,862	$	5,837	$	—	$	20,699

Operating income (loss)	$	8,887	$	2,258	$	(2,204)	$	8,941

NVIDIA Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	Jul 28, 2024		Jul 30, 2023		Jul 28, 2024		Jul 30, 2023

	(In millions)
Reconciling items included in "All Other" category:
Stock-based compensation expense	$	(1,154)	$	(842)	$	(2,164)	$	(1,576)
Unallocated cost of revenue and operating expenses	(280)		(163)		(508)		(317)
Acquisition-related and other costs	(144)		(137)		(286)		(311)




Other	3		3		4		—
Total	$	(1,575)	$	(1,139)	$	(2,954)	$	(2,204)

Revenue by geographic areas is based upon the billing location of the customer. The end customer and shipping location may be different from our customer’s billing location. For example, most shipments associated with Singapore revenue were to locations other than Singapore and shipments to Singapore were insignificant. Revenue by geographic areas was as follows:


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	Jul 28, 2024		Jul 30, 2023		Jul 28, 2024		Jul 30, 2023

	(In millions)
Revenue:
United States	$	13,022	$	6,043	$	26,518	$	8,428
Taiwan	5,740		2,839		10,113		4,635
Singapore	5,622		1,042		9,659		1,804
China (including Hong Kong)	3,667		2,740		6,158		4,330


Other countries	1,989		843		3,636		1,502
Total revenue	$	30,040	$	13,507	$	56,084	$	20,699

We refer to customers who purchase products directly from NVIDIA as direct customers, such as add-in board manufacturers, distributors, original device manufacturers, or ODMs, original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs, and system integrators. We have certain customers that may purchase products directly from NVIDIA and may use either internal resources or third-party system integrators to complete their build. We also have indirect customers, who purchase products through our direct customers; indirect customers include cloud service providers, consumer internet companies, enterprises, and public sector entities.

Sales to direct customers which represented 10% or more of total revenue, all of which were primarily attributable to the Compute & Networking segment, are presented in the following table:


	Three Months Ended		Six Months Ended
	Jul 28, 2024		Jul 28, 2024

Customer A	14	%	14	%
Customer B	11	%	*
Customer C	11	%	*
Customer D	10	%	10	%
Customer E	*		10	%

* Less than 10% of total revenue

One customer represented approximately 17% and 13% of total revenue for the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2024, respectively, and was attributable to the Compute & Networking segment.

NVIDIA Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(Unaudited)

The following table summarizes revenue by specialized markets:


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	Jul 28, 2024		Jul 30, 2023		Jul 28, 2024		Jul 30, 2023

	(In millions)
Revenue:
Data Center	$	26,272	$	10,323	$	48,835	$	14,607
Compute	22,604		8,612		41,996		11,969
Networking	3,668		1,711		6,839		2,638
Gaming	2,880		2,486		5,527		4,726
Professional Visualization	454		379		881		674
Automotive	346		253		675		549
OEM and Other	88		66		166		143
Total revenue	$	30,040	$	13,507	$	56,084	$	20,699

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements based on management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to management. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “goal,” “would,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “project,” “predict,” “potential” and similar expressions intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which may cause our actual results, performance, time frames or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance, time frames or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. We discuss many of these risks, uncertainties and other factors in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 28, 2024 in greater detail under the heading “Risk Factors” of such reports. Given these risks, uncertainties, and other factors, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Also, these forward-looking statements represent our estimates and assumptions only as of the date of this filing. You should read this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q completely and understand that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We hereby qualify our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements publicly, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future.

All references to “NVIDIA,” “we,” “us,” “our” or the “Company” mean NVIDIA Corporation and its subsidiaries.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the risk factors set forth in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 28, 2024 and Part II, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes thereto, as well as other cautionary statements and risks described elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our other filings with the SEC, before deciding to purchase, hold, or sell shares of our common stock.

Overview

Our Company and Our Businesses

NVIDIA pioneered accelerated computing to help solve the most challenging computational problems. Since our original focus on PC graphics, we have expanded to several other large and important computationally intensive fields. Fueled by the sustained demand for exceptional 3D graphics and the scale of the gaming market, NVIDIA has leveraged its GPU architecture to create platforms for scientific computing, AI, data science, autonomous vehicles, robotics, and 3D internet applications. Our two operating segments are "Compute & Networking" and "Graphics," as described in Note 14 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Headquartered in Santa Clara, California, NVIDIA was incorporated in California in April 1993 and reincorporated in Delaware in April 1998.

Recent Developments, Future Objectives and Challenges

Demand and Supply

Revenue growth in the second quarter of fiscal year 2025 was driven by data center compute platforms and networking for accelerated computing and AI solutions. Hopper architecture demand is strong, and shipments are expected to increase in the second half of fiscal 2025. We shipped customer samples of our Blackwell architecture in the second quarter. We executed a change to the Blackwell GPU mask to improve production yield. Blackwell production ramp is scheduled to begin in the fourth quarter and continue into fiscal year 2026. In the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2025, we expect to ship several billion dollars in Blackwell revenue.

We continue to increase our supply and capacity purchases with existing and new suppliers to support our demand projections. With these additions, we have also entered and may continue to enter into prepaid manufacturing and capacity agreements to supply both current and future products. The increased purchase volumes and integration of new suppliers and contract manufacturers into our supply chain may create more complexity in managing multiple suppliers with variations in production planning, execution and logistics. Our expanding product portfolio and varying component compatibility and quality may lead to increased inventory levels. We have incurred and may in the future incur inventory

provisions or impairments if our inventory or supply or capacity commitments exceed demand for our products or demand declines.

Product Transitions and New Product Introductions

Product transitions are complex and we often ship both new and prior architecture products simultaneously as our channel partners prepare to ship and support new products. We may be in various stages of transitioning the architectures of our Data Center, Gaming, Professional Visualization and Automotive products. The computing industry is experiencing a broader and faster launch cadence of accelerated computing platforms to meet a growing and diverse set of AI opportunities. We have introduced a new cadence of our Data Center architectures where we seek to complete a new GPU computing architecture each year and we are providing a greater variety of Data Center offerings. The increased frequency of these transitions and the larger number of products and product configurations may magnify the challenges associated with managing our supply and demand which may create volatility in our revenue. The increased frequency and complexity of newly introduced products could result in quality or production issues that could increase inventory provisions, warranty, or other costs or result in product delays. We incur significant engineering development resources for new products, and changes to our product roadmap may impact our ability to develop other products or adequately manage our supply chain cost. Customers may delay purchasing existing products as we increase the frequency of new products or may not be able to adopt our new products as fast as forecasted, both impacting the timing of our revenue and supply chain cost. While we have managed prior product transitions and have sold multiple product architectures at the same time, these transitions are difficult, may impair our ability to predict demand and impact our supply mix, and may cause us to incur additional costs. For example, we executed a change to the Blackwell GPU mask to improve production yield. Our gross margins in the second quarter of fiscal year 2025 were negatively impacted by inventory provisions for low-yielding Blackwell material and they may continue to be impacted in the future.

Global Trade

In August 2022, the U.S. government, or the USG, announced licensing requirements that, with certain exceptions, impact exports to China (including Hong Kong and Macau) and Russia of our A100 and H100 integrated circuits, DGX or any other systems or boards which incorporate A100 or H100 integrated circuits.

In July 2023, the USG informed us of an additional licensing requirement for a subset of A100 and H100 products destined to certain customers and other regions, including some countries in the Middle East.

In October 2023, the USG announced new and updated licensing requirements that became effective in our fourth quarter of fiscal year 2024 for exports to China and Country Groups D1, D4, and D5 (including but not limited to Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Vietnam, but excluding Israel) of our products exceeding certain performance thresholds, including A100, A800, H100, H800, L4, L40, L40S and RTX 4090. The licensing requirements also apply to the export of products exceeding certain performance thresholds to a party headquartered in, or with an ultimate parent headquartered in, Country Group D5, including China. On October 23, 2023, the USG informed us the licensing requirements were effective immediately for shipments of our A100, A800, H100, H800, and L40S products. We have not received licenses to ship these restricted products to China. Additionally, partners and customers have experienced delays in receiving licenses or have not received a license to ship these restricted products.

We expanded our Data Center product portfolio to offer new solutions, including those for which the USG does not require a license or advance notice before each shipment. We ramped new products designed specifically for China that do not require an export control license. Our Data Center revenue in China grew sequentially in the second quarter of fiscal year 2025 and is a significant contributor to our Data Center revenue. As a percentage of total Data Center revenue, it remains below levels seen prior to the imposition of export controls in October 2023. To the extent that a customer requires products covered by the licensing requirements, we may seek a license for the customer but have no assurance that the USG will grant such a license, or that the USG will act on the license application in a timely manner or at all.

Our competitive position has been harmed, and our competitive position and future results may be further harmed in the long term, if there are further changes in the USG’s export controls. Given the increasing strategic importance of AI and rising geopolitical tensions, the USG has changed and may again change the export control rules at any time and further subject a wider range of our products to export restrictions and licensing requirements, negatively impacting our business and financial results. In the event of such change, we may be unable to sell our inventory of such products and may be unable to develop replacement products not subject to the licensing requirements, effectively excluding us from all or part of the China market, as well as other impacted markets, including the Middle East.

While we work to enhance the resiliency and redundancy of our supply chain, which is currently concentrated in the Asia-Pacific region, new and existing export controls or changes to existing export controls could limit alternative manufacturing locations and negatively impact our business. Refer to “Item 1A. Risk Factors” for a discussion of this potential impact.

Macroeconomic Factors

Macroeconomic factors, including inflation, interest rate changes, capital market volatility, global supply chain constraints and global economic and geopolitical developments, may have direct and indirect impacts on our results of operations, particularly demand for our products. While difficult to isolate and quantify, these macroeconomic factors can also impact our supply chain and manufacturing costs, employee wages, costs for capital equipment and value of our investments. Our product and solution pricing generally does not fluctuate with short-term changes in our costs. Within our supply chain, we continuously manage product availability and costs with our vendors.

Israel and Regional Conflicts

We are monitoring the impact of the geopolitical conflict in and around Israel on our operations, including the health and safety of our approximately 4,000 employees in the region who primarily support the research and development, operations, and sales and marketing of our networking products. Our global supply chain for our networking products has not experienced any significant impact. A substantial number of our employees in the region have been called-up for active military duty in Israel. Some employees in Israel have been on active military duty for an extended period and may continue to be absent, which may cause disruption to our product development or operations. We have not experienced significant impact or expense to our business; however, if the conflict is further extended, it could impact future product development, operations, and revenue or create other uncertainty for our business.

Second Quarter of Fiscal Year 2025 Summary


	Three Months Ended									Quarter-over-Quarter Change		Year-over-Year Change
	Jul 28, 2024			Apr 28, 2024			Jul 30, 2023

	($ in millions, except per share data)
Revenue	$	30,040		$	26,044		$	13,507		15	%	122	%
Gross margin	75.1		%	78.4		%	70.1		%	(3.3) pts		5.0 pts
Operating expenses	$	3,932		$	3,497		$	2,662		12	%	48	%
Operating income	$	18,642		$	16,909		$	6,800		10	%	174	%
Net income	$	16,599		$	14,881		$	6,188		12	%	168	%
Net income per diluted share	$	0.67		$	0.60		$	0.25		12	%	168	%

We specialize in markets where our computing platforms can provide tremendous acceleration for applications. These platforms incorporate processors, interconnects, software, algorithms, systems and services to deliver unique value. Our platforms address four large markets where our expertise is critical: Data Center, Gaming, Professional Visualization, and Automotive.

Revenue was $30.0 billion, up 122% from a year ago and up 15% sequentially.

Data Center revenue was up 154% from a year ago and up 16% sequentially. The strong sequential and year-on-year growth was driven by demand for our Hopper GPU computing platform for training and inferencing of large language models, recommendation engines, and generative AI applications. Sequential growth was driven by consumer internet and enterprise companies. Cloud service providers represented roughly 45% of our Data Center revenue, and more than 50% stemmed from consumer internet and enterprise companies. Strong year-on-year growth was driven by all customer types from both compute and networking revenue. Customers continue to accelerate their Hopper architecture purchases while gearing up to adopt Blackwell. Data Center compute revenue was $22.6 billion, up 162% from a year ago and up 17% sequentially. Networking revenue was $3.7 billion, up 114% from a year ago driven by InfiniBand and Ethernet for AI revenue, which includes Spectrum-X end-to-end ethernet platform. Networking revenue sequentially was up 16% and includes a doubling of Ethernet for AI revenue.

We shipped customer samples of our Blackwell architecture in the second quarter. We executed a change to the Blackwell GPU mask to improve production yield. Blackwell production ramp is scheduled to begin in the fourth quarter and continue into fiscal year 2026. In the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2025, we expect to ship several billion dollars in Blackwell revenue. Hopper demand is strong, and shipments are expected to increase in the second half of fiscal year 2025.

Gaming revenue was up 16% from a year ago and up 9% sequentially. These increases reflect higher sales of our GeForce RTX 40 Series GPUs and game console SOCs. We had solid demand in the second quarter for our gaming GPUs as part of the back-to-school season.

Professional Visualization revenue was up 20% from a year ago and up 6% sequentially. These increases were driven by the continued ramp of RTX GPU workstations based on our Ada architecture.

Automotive revenue was up 37% from a year ago and up 5% sequentially. These increases were driven by AI Cockpit solutions and self-driving platforms.

Gross margin increased from a year ago on strong Data Center revenue growth primarily driven by our Hopper GPU computing platform. Sequentially, gross margin decreased primarily driven by inventory provisions for low-yielding Blackwell material and a higher mix of new products within Data Center.

Operating expenses were up 48% from a year ago and up 12% sequentially, largely driven by compensation and benefits, reflecting growth in employees and compensation.

Market Platform Highlights

Data Center revenue for the second quarter of fiscal year 2025 was $26.3 billion, up 16% from the previous quarter and up 154% from a year ago. We unveiled an array of NVIDIA Blackwell-powered systems featuring NVIDIA Grace CPUs, networking and infrastructure from top manufacturers. We announced broad adoption of the NVIDIA Spectrum-X Ethernet networking platform by cloud service providers, GPU cloud providers and enterprises, as well as partners incorporating it into their offerings. We released NVIDIA Inference Microservices, or NIM, for broad availability to developers globally and unveiled that more than 150 companies are integrating NIM into their platforms to speed generative AI application development. We introduced an NVIDIA AI Foundry service and NIM inference microservices to accelerate generative AI for the world’s enterprises with the Llama 3.1 collection of models. We announced that the combination of NVIDIA H200 and NVIDIA Blackwell architecture B200 processors swept the latest industry-standard MLPerf results for inference. We also unveiled an array of Blackwell systems featuring NVIDIA Grace CPUs, networking and infrastructure. Over the trailing four quarters, we estimate that inference drove over 40% of our Data Center revenue.

Gaming revenue for the second quarter of fiscal year 2025 was $2.9 billion, up 9% from the previous quarter and up 16% from a year ago. We announced NVIDIA ACE generative AI microservices are in early access for RTX AI PCs. We announced new RTX and DLSS titles bringing the total number of RTX games and apps to over 600. We surpassed 2,000 games on GeForce NOW and expanded the service into Japan.

Professional Visualization revenue for the second quarter of fiscal year 2025 was $454 million, up 6% from the previous quarter and up 20% from a year ago. We introduced generative AI models and NIM microservices for OpenUSD; and announced major Taiwanese electronics makers are creating more autonomous factories with a new reference workflow that combines NVIDIA Metropolis vision AI, NVIDIA Omniverse simulation and NVIDIA Isaac AI robot development.

Automotive revenue for the second quarter of fiscal year 2025 was $346 million, up 5% from the previous quarter and up 37% from a year ago. At the Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition conference, NVIDIA won the Autonomous Grand Challenge in the ‘End-to-End Driving at Scale’ category, highlighting the importance of generative AI in building applications for physical AI deployments in autonomous vehicle development.

Financial Information by Business Segment and Geographic Data

Refer to Note 14 of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for disclosure regarding segment information.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Refer to Part II, Item 7, "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 28, 2024. There have been no material changes to our Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, certain items in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income expressed as a percentage of revenue.


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	Jul 28, 2024		Jul 30, 2023		Jul 28, 2024		Jul 30, 2023
Revenue	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%
Cost of revenue	24.9		29.9		23.4		31.8
Gross profit	75.1		70.1		76.6		68.2
Operating expenses
Research and development	10.3		15.1		10.4		18.9
Sales, general and administrative	2.8		4.7		2.9		6.1

Total operating expenses	13.1		19.8		13.3		25.0
Operating income	62.0		50.3		63.3		43.2
Interest income	1.5		1.4		1.4		1.6
Interest expense	(0.2)		(0.5)		(0.2)		(0.6)
Other, net	0.6		0.4		0.5		0.2
Other income (expense), net	1.9		1.3		1.7		1.2
Income before income tax	63.9		51.6		65.0		44.4
Income tax expense	8.7		5.9		8.9		4.6
Net income	55.2	%	45.7	%	56.1	%	39.8	%

Revenue

Revenue by Reportable Segments


	Three Months Ended								Six Months Ended
	Jul 28, 2024		Jul 30, 2023		$ Change		% Change		Jul 28, 2024		Jul 30, 2023		$ Change		% Change

	($ in millions)
Compute & Networking	$	26,446	$	10,402	$	16,044	154	%	$	49,121	$	14,862	$	34,259	231	%
Graphics	3,594		3,105		489		16	%	6,963		5,837		1,126		19	%
Total	$	30,040	$	13,507	$	16,533	122	%	$	56,084	$	20,699	$	35,385	171	%

Operating Income by Reportable Segments


	Three Months Ended								Six Months Ended
	Jul 28, 2024		Jul 30, 2023		$ Change		% Change		Jul 28, 2024		Jul 30, 2023		$ Change		% Change

	($ in millions)
Compute & Networking	$	18,848	$	6,728	$	12,120	180	%	$	35,896	$	8,887	$	27,009	304	%
Graphics	1,369		1,211		158		13	%	$	2,609	2,258		351		16	%
All Other	(1,575)		(1,139)		(436)		38	%	$	(2,954)	(2,204)		(750)		34	%
Total	$	18,642	$	6,800	$	11,842	174	%	$	35,551	$	8,941	$	26,610	298	%

Compute & Networking revenue – The increase in the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2025 compared to the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2024 was due to strength in Data Center computing and networking for accelerated computing and AI solutions. Revenue from GPU computing grew 166% year-on-year and 257% compared to the first half of fiscal year 2024, was driven by demand for our Hopper GPU architecture computing platform for training and inferencing of large language models, recommendation engines, and generative AI applications. Networking was also up 114% year-on-year and 159% compared to the first half of last year driven by both InfiniBand and Ethernet for AI revenue.

Graphics revenue – The increase in the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2025 compared to the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2024 was led by higher sales of our GeForce RTX 40 Series GPUs.

Reportable segment operating income – The increase in the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2025 compared to the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2024 in Compute & Networking and Graphics operating income was driven by higher revenue.

All Other operating loss – The increase in the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2025 compared to the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2024 was due to an increase in stock-based compensation expense reflecting employee growth and compensation increases.

Concentration of Revenue

Revenue by geographic region is designated based on the billing location even if the revenue may be attributable to end customers, such as enterprises and gamers in a different location. Revenue from sales to customers outside of the United States accounted for 57% and 53% of total revenue for the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2025, respectively, and 55% and 59% of total revenue for the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2024, respectively.

We refer to customers who purchase products directly from NVIDIA as direct customers, such as add-in board manufacturers, distributors, ODMs, OEMs, and system integrators. We have certain customers that may purchase products directly from NVIDIA and may use either internal resources or third-party system integrators to complete their build. We also have indirect customers, who purchase products through our direct customers; indirect customers include cloud service providers, consumer internet companies, enterprises, and public sector entities.

Sales to direct customers which represented 10% or more of total revenue, all of which were primarily attributable to the Compute & Networking segment, are presented in the following table:


	Three Months Ended		Six Months Ended
	Jul 28, 2024		Jul 28, 2024

Customer A	14	%	14	%
Customer B	11	%	*
Customer C	11	%	*
Customer D	10	%	10	%
Customer E	*		10	%

* Less than 10% of total revenue

For the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, two indirect customers which primarily purchase our products through system integrators and distributors, including through Customer B and Customer E, are estimated to each represent 10% or more of total revenue attributable to the Compute & Networking segment.

For the first half of fiscal year 2025, an indirect customer which primarily purchases our products from system integrators and distributors, including from Customer E, is estimated to represent 10% or more of total revenue, attributable to the Compute & Networking segment.

Indirect customer revenue is an estimation based upon multiple factors including customer purchase order information, product specifications, internal sales data and other sources. Actual indirect customer revenue may differ from our estimates.

We have experienced periods where we receive a significant amount of our revenue from a limited number of customers, and this trend may continue.

Gross Profit and Gross Margin

Gross profit consists of total net revenue less cost of revenue.

Our overall gross margin increased to 75.1% and 76.6% for the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2025, respectively, from 70.1% and 68.2% for the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2024, respectively. The increases in the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2025 compared to the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2024 were primarily due to strong Data Center revenue growth of 154% and 234% for the second quarter and first half of 2025, respectively.

Provisions for inventory and excess inventory purchase obligations totaled $908 million and $1.3 billion for the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2025, respectively, and were primarily due to low-yielding Blackwell material. Sales of previously reserved inventory and settlements of excess inventory purchase obligations resulted in a provision release of $85 million and $199 million for the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2025, respectively. The net effect on our

gross margin was an unfavorable impact of 2.7% and 2.0% in the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2025, respectively.

Provisions for inventory and excess inventory purchase obligations totaled $576 million and $709 million for the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2024, respectively. Sales of previously reserved inventory and settlements of excess inventory purchase obligations resulted in a provision release of $84 million and $134 million for the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2024, respectively. The net effect on our gross margin was an unfavorable impact of 3.6% and 2.8% in the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2024, respectively.

We expect our Data Center mix to continue to shift to new products in the second half of fiscal year 2025. For fiscal year 2025, we expect gross margins to be in the mid-70% range.

Operating Expenses


	Three Months Ended										Six Months Ended
	Jul 28, 2024			Jul 30, 2023			$ Change		% Change		Jul 28, 2024			Jul 30, 2023			$ Change		% Change

	($ in millions)
Research and development expenses	$	3,090		$	2,040		$	1,050	51	%	$	5,810		$	3,916		$	1,894	48	%
% of net revenue	10.3		%	15.1		%					10.4		%	18.9		%
Sales, general and administrative expenses	842			622			220		35	%	1,618			1,253			365		29	%
% of net revenue	2.8		%	4.7		%					2.9		%	6.1		%
Total operating expenses	$	3,932		$	2,662		$	1,270	48	%	$	7,428		$	5,169		$	2,259	44	%
% of net revenue	13.1		%	19.8		%					13.3		%	25.0		%

The increases in research and development expenses for the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2025 were driven by 35% and 34% increase in compensation and benefits, including stock-based compensation, reflecting employee growth and compensation increases, and 118% and 117% increase in compute and infrastructure investments, respectively.

The increases in sales, general and administrative expenses for the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2025 was primarily driven by compensation and benefits, including stock-based compensation, reflecting employee growth and compensation increases.

For fiscal year 2025, we expect operating expenses to grow in the mid to upper 40% range as we work on developing our next generation of products.

Other Income (Expense), Net


	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	Jul 28, 2024		Jul 30, 2023		$ Change		Jul 28, 2024		Jul 30, 2023		$ Change

	($ in millions)
Interest income	$	444	$	187	$	257	$	803	$	338	$	465
Interest expense	(61)		(65)		4		(125)		(131)		6
Other, net	189		59		130		264		42		222
Other income (expense), net	$	572	$	181	$	391	$	942	$	249	$	693

The increases in interest income for the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2025 was due to higher cash, cash equivalents, and publicly-held debt security balances.

Interest expense is comprised of coupon interest and debt discount amortization related to our notes.

Other, net consists of realized or unrealized gains and losses from investments in privately-held equity securities, publicly-held equity securities, and the impact of changes in foreign currency rates. The change in Other, net, compared to the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2024 was primarily driven by an increase in fair value of our privately-held and publicly-held equity securities. Refer to Note 6 and 7 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information regarding our investments in privately-held and publicly-held equity securities.

Income Taxes

We recognized income tax expense of $2.6 billion and $5.0 billion for the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2025, respectively, and $793 million and $958 million for the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2024, respectively. Income tax expense as a percentage of income before income tax was 13.6% and 13.7% for the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2025, respectively, and 11.4% and 10.4% for the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2024, respectively.

The effective tax rate increased primarily due to a lower percentage of tax benefits from the foreign-derived intangible income deduction relative to the increase in income before income tax.

Refer to Note 5 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

Liquidity and Capital Resources


	Jul 28, 2024		Jan 28, 2024

	(In millions)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	8,563	$	7,280
Marketable securities	26,237		18,704
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities	$	34,800	$	25,984


	Six Months Ended
	Jul 28, 2024		Jul 30, 2023

	(In millions)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	29,833	$	9,259
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(8,877)	$	(1,287)
Net cash used in financing activities	$	(19,665)	$	(5,479)

Our investment policy requires the purchase of high-rated fixed income securities, the diversification of investment types and credit exposures, and certain maturity limits on our portfolio.

Cash provided by operating activities increased in the first half of fiscal year 2025 compared to the first half of fiscal year 2024 due to growth in revenue, partially offset by higher tax payments. Our accounts receivable balance at the end of the first half of fiscal year 2025 reflects the strong revenue growth, partially offset by $2.8 billion from customer payments received prior to the invoice due date.

Cash used in investing activities increased in the first half of fiscal year 2025 compared to the first half of fiscal year 2024, primarily driven by net purchases of marketable securities, and acquisition of land and buildings.

Cash used in financing activities increased in the first half of fiscal year 2025 compared to the first half of fiscal year 2024, mainly due to higher share repurchases and higher tax payments related to RSUs.

Liquidity

Our primary sources of liquidity include cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities, and the cash generated by our operations. As of July 28, 2024, we had $34.8 billion in cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities. We believe that we have sufficient liquidity to meet our operating requirements for at least the next twelve months, and for the foreseeable future, including our future supply obligations and share repurchases. We continuously evaluate our liquidity and capital resources, including our access to external capital, to ensure we can finance future capital requirements.

Our marketable securities consist of publicly-held equity securities, debt securities issued by the U.S. government and its agencies, highly rated corporations and financial institutions, and foreign government entities, as well as certificates of deposit issued by highly rated financial institutions. Our corporate debt securities are publicly traded. These marketable securities are primarily denominated in U.S. dollars. Refer to Note 6 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

Except for approximately $1.4 billion of cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities held outside the U.S. for which we have not accrued any related foreign or state taxes if we repatriate these amounts to the U.S., substantially all of our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities held outside the U.S. as of July 28, 2024 are available for use in the U.S. without incurring additional U.S. federal income taxes.

Payment from customers, per our standard payment terms, is generally due shortly after delivery of products, availability of software licenses or commencement of services.

Capital Return to Shareholders

During the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2025, we paid $246 million and $344 million, respectively, in quarterly cash dividends.

Our cash dividend program and the payment of future cash dividends under that program are subject to our Board of Directors' continuing determination that the dividend program and the declaration of dividends thereunder are in the best interests of our shareholders.

During the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2025, we repurchased 62.8 million and 162.1 million shares of our common stock for $7.0 billion and $15.1 billion, respectively. As of July 28, 2024, we were authorized, subject to certain specifications, to repurchase up to $7.5 billion of our common stock. On August 26, 2024, our Board of Directors approved an additional $50.0 billion to our share repurchase authorization, without expiration. As of August 26, 2024, a total of $53.9 billion was available for repurchase. Our share repurchase program aims to offset dilution from shares issued to employees while maintaining adequate liquidity to meet our operating requirements. We may pursue additional share repurchases as we weigh market factors and other investment opportunities. We plan to continue share repurchases this fiscal year.

From April 29, 2024 through August 26, 2024, we repurchased 31.5 million shares for $3.6 billion pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan.

The U.S. Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 requires a 1% excise tax on certain share repurchases in excess of shares issued for employee compensation made after December 31, 2022. The excise tax is included in our share repurchase cost and was not material for the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2025.

Outstanding Indebtedness and Commercial Paper Program

Our aggregate debt maturities as of July 28, 2024, by year payable, are as follows:


	Jul 28, 2024

	(In millions)
Due in one year	$	—
Due in one to five years	2,250
Due in five to ten years	2,750
Due in greater than ten years	3,500
Unamortized debt discount and issuance costs	(39)
Net carrying amount	8,461
Less short-term portion	—
Total long-term portion	$	8,461

We have a $575 million commercial paper program to support general corporate purposes. As of July 28, 2024, no commercial paper was outstanding.

Refer to Note 11 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further discussion.

Material Cash Requirements and Other Obligations

Unrecognized tax benefits were $1.7 billion, which includes related interest and penalties of $186 million recorded in non-current income tax payable as of July 28, 2024. We are unable to estimate the timing of any potential tax liability, interest payments, or penalties in individual years due to uncertainties in the underlying income tax positions and the timing of

the effective settlement of such tax positions. Refer to Note 5 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

Other than the contractual obligations described above, there were no material changes outside the ordinary course of business in our contractual obligations from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 28, 2024. Refer to Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 28, 2024 for a description of our contractual obligations. For a description of our operating lease obligations, long-term debt, and purchase obligations, refer to Notes 2, 11, and 12 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, respectively.

Climate Change

To date, there has been no material impact to our results of operations associated with global sustainability regulations, compliance, costs from sourcing renewable energy or climate-related business trends.

Adoption of New and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

There has been no adoption of any new and recently issued accounting pronouncements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Investment and Interest Rate Risk

Financial market risks related to investment and interest rate risk are described in Part II, Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 28, 2024. As of July 28, 2024, there have been no material changes to the financial market risks described as of January 28, 2024.

Foreign Exchange Rate Risk

The impact of foreign currency transactions related to foreign exchange rate risk is described in Part II, Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 28, 2024. As of July 28, 2024, there have been no material changes to the foreign exchange rate risks described as of January 28, 2024.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Based on their evaluation as of July 28, 2024, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) were effective to provide reasonable assurance that the information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes that occurred during the second quarter of fiscal year 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. In fiscal year 2022, we began an upgrade of our enterprise resource planning, or ERP, system, which will update much of our existing core financial systems. The ERP system is designed to accurately maintain our financial records used to report operating results. The upgrade will occur in phases. We will continue to evaluate each quarter whether there are changes that materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal controls, will prevent all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within NVIDIA have been detected.

Part II. Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Refer to Part I, Item 1, Note 12 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of significant developments in our legal proceedings since January 28, 2024. Also refer to Item 3, “Legal Proceedings” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 28, 2024 for a prior discussion of our legal proceedings.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Other than the risk factors listed below, there have been no material changes from the risk factors previously described under Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 28, 2024 and Item 1A of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended April 28, 2024.

Purchasing or owning NVIDIA common stock involves investment risks including, but not limited to, the risks described in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 28, 2024, and Item 1A of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended April 28, 2024, and below. Any one of those risks could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations or reputation, which could cause our stock price to decline. Additional risks, trends and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial may also harm our business, financial condition, results of operations or reputation.

Long manufacturing lead times and uncertain supply and component availability, combined with a failure to estimate customer demand accurately, has led and could lead to mismatches between supply and demand.

We use third parties to manufacture and assemble our products, and we have long manufacturing lead times. We are not provided guaranteed wafer, component or capacity supply, and our supply deliveries and production may be non-linear within a quarter or year. If our estimates of customer demand are inaccurate, as we have experienced in the past, there could be a significant mismatch between supply and demand. This mismatch has resulted in both product shortages and excess inventory, has varied across our market platforms, and has significantly harmed our financial results.

We build finished products and maintain inventory in advance of anticipated demand. While we have in the past entered and may in the future enter into long-term supply agreements and capacity commitments, we may not be able to secure sufficient commitments for capacity to address our business needs, or our long-term demand expectations may change. Additionally, our ability to sell certain products has been and could be impeded if components necessary for the finished products are not available from third parties. This risk may increase as a result of our platform strategy. In periods of shortages impacting the semiconductor industry and/or limited supply or capacity in our supply chain, the lead times on orders for certain supply may be extended. We have previously experienced and may continue to experience extended lead times of more than 12 months. We have paid premiums and provided deposits to secure future supply and capacity, which have increased our product costs and may continue to do so. If our existing suppliers are unable to scale their capabilities to meet our supply needs, we may require additional sources of capacity, which may require additional deposits. We may not have the ability to reduce our supply commitments at the same rate or at all if our revenue declines.

Many additional factors have caused and/or could in the future cause us to either underestimate or overestimate our customers’ future demand for our products, or otherwise cause a mismatch between supply and demand for our products and impact the timing and volume of our revenue, including:

•changes in product development cycles and time to market;

•competing technologies and competitor product releases, announcements or other actions;

•changes in business and economic conditions;

•sudden or sustained government lockdowns or public health issues;

•rapidly changing technology or customer requirements;

•the availability of sufficient data center capacity or energy for customers to procure;

•new product introductions and transitions resulting in less demand for existing products;

•new or unexpected end-use cases;

•increase in demand for competitive products;

•business decisions made by third parties;

•the demand for accelerated computing, AI-related cloud services, or large language models;

•changes that impact the ecosystem for the architectures underlying our products and technologies;

•the demand for our products; or

•government actions or changes in governmental policies, such as export controls or increased restrictions on gaming usage.

Product transitions are complex and we often ship both new and prior architecture products simultaneously as our channel partners prepare to ship and support new products. We may be in various stages of transitioning the architectures of our Data Center, Gaming, Professional Visualization and Automotive products. The computing industry is experiencing a broader and faster launch cadence of accelerated computing platforms to meet a growing and diverse set of AI opportunities. We have introduced a new cadence of our Data Center architectures where we seek to complete a new GPU computing architecture each year and we are providing a greater variety of Data Center offerings. The increased frequency of these transitions and the larger number of products and product configurations may magnify the challenges associated with managing our supply and demand. Qualification time for new products, customers anticipating product transitions and channel partners reducing channel inventory of prior architectures ahead of new product introductions can reduce or create volatility in our revenue. We have experienced and may in the future experience reduced demand for current generation architectures when customers anticipate transitions, and we may be unable to sell multiple product architectures at the same time for current and future architecture transitions. If we are unable to execute our architectural transitions as planned for any reason, our financial results may be negatively impacted. The increased frequency and complexity of newly introduced products could result in unanticipated quality or production issues that could increase the magnitude of inventory provisions, warranty, or other costs or result in product delays. For example, we executed a change to the Blackwell GPU mask to improve production yield. Our gross margins in the second quarter of fiscal year 2025 were negatively impacted by inventory provisions for low-yielding Blackwell material and they may continue to be impacted in the future.

We incur significant engineering development resources for new products, and changes to our product roadmap may impact our ability to develop other products or adequately manage our supply chain cost. Customers may delay purchasing existing products as we increase the frequency of new products or may not be able to adopt our new products as fast as forecasted, both impacting the timing of our revenue and supply chain cost. While we have managed prior product transitions and have sold multiple product architectures at the same time, these transitions are difficult, may impair our ability to predict demand and impact our supply mix, and may cause us to incur additional costs. Many end customers often do not purchase directly from us but instead purchase indirectly through multiple OEMs, ODMs, system integrators, distributors, and other channel partners. As a result, the decisions made by our multiple OEMs, ODMs, system integrators, distributors, and other channel partners, and in response to changing market conditions and changes in end-user demand for our products, have impacted and could in the future continue to impact our ability to accurately forecast demand, particularly as they are based on estimates provided by various downstream parties.

If we underestimate our customers' future demand for our products, our foundry partners may not have adequate lead-time or capacity to increase production and we may not be able to obtain sufficient inventory to fill orders on a timely basis. If our contract manufacturers experience supply constraints, we may not be able to increase supply to meet customer demand in a timely manner, or at all. If we cannot procure sufficient supply to meet demand or otherwise fail to fulfill our customers’ orders on a timely basis, or at all, our customer relationships could be damaged, we could lose revenue and market share and our reputation could be harmed. Additionally, since some of our products are part of a complex data center buildout, supply constraints or availability issues with respect to any one component have had and may have a broader revenue impact.

If we overestimate our customers’ future demand for our products, or if customers cancel or defer orders or choose to purchase from our competitors, we may not be able to reduce our inventory or other contractual purchase commitments. In the past, we have experienced a reduction in average selling prices, including due to channel pricing programs that we have implemented and may continue to implement, as a result of our overestimation of future demand, and we may need to continue these reductions. We have had to increase prices for certain of our products as a result of our suppliers’ increase in prices, and we may need to continue to do so for other products in the future. We have also written down our inventory, incurred cancellation penalties, and recorded impairments and may have to do so in the future. These impacts would be amplified by our placement of any non-cancellable and non-returnable purchase orders placed in advance of our historical lead times and could be exacerbated if we need to make changes to the design of future products. The risk of

these impacts has increased and may continue to increase as our purchase obligations and prepaids have grown and are expected to continue to grow and become a greater portion of our total supply. All of these factors may negatively impact our gross margins and financial results.

Demand estimates for our new products, applications, and services can be incorrect and create volatility in our revenue or supply levels. We may not be able to generate significant revenue from them. Recent technologies, such as generative AI models, have emerged, and while they have driven increased demand for Data Center, the long-term trajectory is unknown. Because our products may be used in multiple use cases and applications, it is difficult for us to estimate with any reasonable degree of precision the impact of generative AI models on our reported revenue or forecasted demand.

Challenges in estimating demand could become more pronounced or volatile in the future on both a global and regional basis. Extended lead times may occur if we experience other supply constraints caused by natural disasters, pandemics or other events. In addition, geopolitical tensions, such as those involving Taiwan and China, which comprise a significant portion of our revenue and where we have suppliers, contract manufacturers, and assembly partners who are critical to our supply continuity, could have a material adverse impact on us.

The use of our GPUs other than that for which they were designed and marketed, including new and unexpected use cases, has impacted and can in the future impact demand for our products, including by leading to inconsistent spikes and drops in demand. For example, several years ago, our Gaming GPUs began to be used for mining digital currencies, such as Ethereum. It is difficult for us to estimate with any reasonable degree of precision the past or current impact of cryptocurrency mining, or forecast the future impact of cryptocurrency mining, on demand for our products. Volatility in the cryptocurrency market, including new compute technologies, price changes in cryptocurrencies, government cryptocurrency policies and regulations, new cryptocurrency standards and changes in the method of verifying blockchain transactions, has impacted and can in the future impact cryptocurrency mining and demand for our products and can further impact our ability to estimate demand for our products. Changes to cryptocurrency standards and processes including, but not limited to, the Ethereum 2.0 merge in 2022, have reduced and may in the future decrease the usage of GPUs for Ethereum mining. This has created and may in the future create increased aftermarket sales of our GPUs, which could negatively impact retail prices for our GPUs and reduce demand for our new GPUs. In general, our new products or previously sold products may be resold online or on the unauthorized “gray market,” which also makes demand forecasting difficult. Gray market products and reseller marketplaces compete with our new products and distribution channels.

Additionally, we depend on developers, customers and other third parties to build, enhance, and maintain accelerated computing applications that leverage our platforms. We also rely on third-party content providers and publishers to make their content available on our platforms, such as GeForce NOW. Failure by developers, customers, and other third parties to build, enhance, and maintain applications that leverage our platforms, or failure by third-party content providers or publishers to make their content available on reasonable terms or at all for use by our customers or end users on our platforms, could adversely affect customer demand.

We receive a significant amount of our revenue from a limited number of partners and distributors and we have a concentration of sales to customers who purchase directly or indirectly from us, and our revenue could be adversely affected if we lose or are prevented from selling to any of these customers.

We receive a significant amount of our revenue from a limited number of customers within our distribution and partner network. Sales to direct Customers, A, B, C and D represented 14%,11%, 11% and 10% of total revenue, respectively, for the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, all of which were primarily attributable to the Compute & Networking segment. With several of these channel partners, we are selling multiple products and systems in our portfolio through their channels. Our operating results depend on sales within our partner network, as well as the ability of these partners to sell products that incorporate our processors. We have a small number of partners that are involved in system integration with our key customers. As our system design becomes increasingly complex, system integrators may be unable to meet specifications of our key customers. Changes in our partners' or customers' business models or their ownership can reduce the number of partners available to us and harm our ability to sell our advanced data center systems to customers. In the future, these partners may decide to purchase fewer products, not to incorporate our products into their ecosystem, or to alter their purchasing patterns in some other way. Because most of our sales are made on a purchase order basis, our customers can generally cancel, change or delay product purchase commitments with little notice to us and without penalty. Our partners or customers may develop their own solutions; our customers may purchase products from our competitors; and our partners may discontinue sales or lose market share in the markets for which they purchase our products, all of which may alter partners’ or customers’ purchasing patterns. Many of our customers often do not purchase directly from us but purchase through multiple OEMs, ODMs, system integrators, distributors and other channel partners. For the second quarter of fiscal year 2025, two indirect customers which primarily purchase our products through system integrators and distributors, including through Customer B and Customer E, are estimated to each represent 10% or more of total revenue, attributable to the Compute & Networking segment. If end demand increases or our finished goods supply availability is concentrated near a quarter end, the system integrators, distributors and channel partners may have limited ability to increase their credit, which could impact the timing and amount of our revenue. The loss of any of our large customers, a significant reduction in purchases by them,

our inability to sell to a customer due to U.S. or other countries’ trade restrictions or any difficulties in collecting accounts receivable would likely harm our financial condition and results of operations.

Our operations could be affected by the complex laws, rules and regulations to which our business is subject, and political and other actions may adversely impact our business.

We are subject to laws and regulations domestically and worldwide, affecting our operations in areas including, but not limited to, IP ownership and infringement; taxes; import and export requirements and tariffs; anti-corruption, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act; business acquisitions; foreign exchange controls and cash repatriation restrictions; data privacy requirements; competition and antitrust; advertising; employment; product regulations; cybersecurity; environmental, health, and safety requirements; the responsible use of AI; sustainability; cryptocurrency; and consumer laws. Compliance with such requirements can be onerous and expensive, could impact our competitive position, and may negatively impact our business operations and ability to manufacture and ship our products. There can be no assurance that our employees, contractors, suppliers, customers or agents will not violate applicable laws or the policies, controls, and procedures that we have designed to help ensure compliance with such laws, and violations could result in fines, criminal sanctions against us, our officers, or our employees, prohibitions on the conduct of our business, and damage to our reputation. Changes to the laws, rules and regulations to which we are subject, or changes to their interpretation and enforcement, could lead to materially greater compliance and other costs and/or further restrictions on our ability to manufacture and supply our products and operate our business. For example, we may face increased compliance costs as a result of changes or increases in antitrust legislation, regulation, administrative rule making, increased focus from regulators on cybersecurity vulnerabilities and risks. Our position in markets relating to AI has led to increased interest in our business from regulators worldwide, including the European Union, the United States, the United Kingdom, South Korea and China. For example, the French Competition Authority collected information from us regarding our business and competition in the graphics card and cloud service provider market as part of an ongoing inquiry into competition in those markets. We have also received requests for information from regulators in the European Union, the United States, the United Kingdom, China, and South Korea regarding our sales of GPUs, our efforts to allocate supply, foundation models and our investments, partnerships and other agreements with companies developing foundation models, and we expect to receive additional requests for information in the future. Governments and regulators are considering, and in certain cases, have imposed restrictions on the hardware, software, and systems used to develop frontier foundation models and generative AI. For example, the EU AI Act was formally adopted in June 2024 and will be implemented in phases between now and 2030. The State of California, among other jurisdictions, is considering similar legislation. Restrictions under this and any other regulations, if implemented, could increase the costs and burdens to us and our customers, delay or halt deployment of new systems using our products, and reduce the number of new entrants and customers, negatively impacting our business and financial results. Revisions to laws or regulations or their interpretation and enforcement could also result in increased taxation, trade sanctions, the imposition of or increase to import duties or tariffs, restrictions and controls on imports or exports, or other retaliatory actions, which could have an adverse effect on our business plans or impact the timing of our shipments. Additionally, changes in the public perception of governments in the regions where we operate or plan to operate could negatively impact our business and results of operations.

Government actions, including trade protection and national and economic security policies of U.S. and foreign government bodies, such as tariffs, import or export regulations, including deemed export restrictions and restrictions on the activities of U.S. persons, trade and economic sanctions, decrees, quotas or other trade barriers and restrictions could affect our ability to ship products, provide services to our customers and employees, do business without an export license with entities on the U.S. Department of Commerce’s U.S. Entity List or other USG restricted parties lists (which is expected to change from time to time), and generally fulfill our contractual obligations and have a material adverse effect on our business. If we were ever found to have violated export control laws or sanctions of the U.S. or similar applicable non-U.S. laws, even if the violation occurred without our knowledge, we may be subject to various penalties available under the laws, any of which could have a material and adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition.

For example, in response to the war in Ukraine, the United States and other jurisdictions imposed economic sanctions and export control measures which blocked the passage of our products, services and support into Russia, Belarus, and certain regions of Ukraine. In fiscal year 2023, we stopped direct sales to Russia and closed business operations in Russia. Concurrently, the war in Ukraine has impacted sales in EMEA and may continue to do so in the future.

The increasing focus on the risks and strategic importance of AI technologies has resulted in regulatory restrictions that target products and services capable of enabling or facilitating AI and may in the future result in additional restrictions impacting some or all of our product and service offerings.

Concerns regarding third-party use of AI for purposes contrary to local governmental interests, including concerns relating to the misuse of AI applications, models, and solutions, has resulted in and could in the future result in unilateral or multilateral restrictions on products that can be used for training, modifying, tuning, and deploying LLMs and other AI applications. Such restrictions have limited and could in the future limit the ability of downstream customers and users worldwide to acquire, deploy and use systems that include our products, software, and services, and negatively impact our business and financial results.

Such restrictions could include additional unilateral or multilateral export controls on certain products or technology, including but not limited to AI technologies. As geopolitical tensions have increased, semiconductors associated with AI, including GPUs and associated products, are increasingly the focus of export control restrictions proposed by stakeholders in the U.S. and its allies. The United States has imposed unilateral controls restricting GPUs and associated products, and it is likely that additional unilateral or multilateral controls will be adopted. Such controls have been and may again be very broad in scope and application, prohibit us from exporting our products to any or all customers in one or more markets, including but not limited to China, and could negatively impact our manufacturing, testing and warehousing locations and options, or could impose other conditions that limit our ability to serve demand abroad and could negatively and materially impact our business, revenue and financial results. Export controls targeting GPUs and semiconductors associated with AI, which have been imposed and are increasingly likely to be further tightened, would further restrict our ability to export our technology, products, or services even though competitors may not be subject to similar restrictions, creating a competitive disadvantage for us and negatively impacting our business and financial results. Export controls targeting GPUs and semiconductors associated with AI have subjected and may in the future subject downstream users of our products to additional restrictions on the use, resale, repair, or transfer of our products, negatively impacting our business and financial results. Controls could negatively impact our cost and/or ability to provide services such as NVIDIA AI cloud services and could impact the cost and/or ability for our cloud service providers and customers to provide services to their end customers, even outside China.

Export controls could disrupt our supply chain and distribution channels, negatively impacting our ability to serve demand, including in markets outside China and for our gaming products. The possibility of additional export controls has negatively impacted and may in the future negatively impact demand for our products, benefiting competitors that offer alternatives less likely to be restricted by further controls. Repeated changes in the export control rules are likely to impose compliance burdens on our business and our customers, negatively and materially impacting our business.

Increasing use of economic sanctions and export controls has impacted and may in the future impact demand for our products or services, negatively impacting our business and financial results. Reduced demand due to export controls could also lead to excess inventory or cause us to incur related supply charges. Additional unilateral or multilateral controls are also likely to include deemed export control limitations that negatively impact the ability of our research and development teams to execute our roadmap or other objectives in a timely manner. Additional export restrictions may not only impact our ability to serve overseas markets, but also provoke responses from foreign governments, including China, that negatively impact our supply chain or our ability to provide our products and services to customers in all markets worldwide, which could also substantially reduce our revenue. Regulators in China have inquired about our sales and efforts to supply the China market and our fulfillment of the commitments we entered at the close of our Mellanox acquisition. If the regulators conclude that we have failed to fulfill such commitments or we have violated any applicable law in China, we could be subject to various penalties or restrictions on our ability to conduct our business, any of which could have a material and adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition.

During the third quarter of fiscal year 2023, the USG announced export restrictions and export licensing requirements targeting China’s semiconductor and supercomputing industries. These restrictions impact exports of certain chips, as well as software, hardware, equipment and technology used to develop, produce and manufacture certain chips to China (including Hong Kong and Macau) and Russia, and specifically impact our A100 and H100 integrated circuits, DGX or any other systems or boards which incorporate A100 or H100 integrated circuits. The licensing requirements also apply to any future NVIDIA integrated circuit achieving certain peak performance and chip-to-chip I/O performance thresholds, as well as any system or board that includes those circuits. There are also now licensing requirements to export a wide array of products, including networking products, destined for certain end users and for certain end uses in China. During the second quarter of fiscal year 2024, the USG also informed us of an additional licensing requirement for a subset of A100 and H100 products destined to certain customers and other regions, including some countries in the Middle East.

In October 2023, the USG announced new and updated licensing requirements that became effective in our fourth quarter of fiscal year 2024 for exports to China and Country Groups D1, D4, and D5 (including but not limited to, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Vietnam, but excluding Israel) of our products exceeding certain performance thresholds, including A100, A800, H100, H800, L4, L40, L40S and RTX 4090. The licensing requirements also apply to the export of products exceeding certain performance thresholds to a party headquartered in, or with an ultimate parent headquartered in, Country Group D5, including China. On October 23, 2023, the USG informed us that the licensing requirements were effective immediately for shipments of our A100, A800, H100, H800, and L40S products. We have not received licenses to ship these restricted products to China.

Following these export controls, we transitioned some operations, including certain testing, validation, and supply and distribution operations out of China and Hong Kong. Any future transitions could be costly and time consuming, and adversely affect our research and development and supply and distribution operations, as well as our revenue, during any such transition period. We expanded our Data Center product portfolio to offer new solutions, including those for which the USG does not require a license or advance notice before each shipment. To the extent that a customer requires products covered by the licensing requirements, we may seek a license for the customer. However, the licensing process is time-consuming. We have no assurance that the USG will grant such a license or that the USG will act on the license application in a timely manner or at all. Even if a license is approved, it may impose burdensome conditions that we or our customer or end users cannot or decide not to accept. The USG is evaluating license requests in a closed process that

does not have clear standards or an opportunity for review. For example, the Notified Advanced Computing, or “NAC,” process has not resulted in approvals for exports of products to customers in China. The license process for exports to D1 and D4 countries has been time-consuming and resulted in license conditions that are onerous, even for small-sized systems that are not able to train frontier AI models. The requirements have a disproportionate impact on NVIDIA and already have disadvantaged and may in the future disadvantage NVIDIA against certain of our competitors who sell products that are not subject to the new restrictions or may be able to acquire licenses for their products.

Management of these new licenses and other requirements is complicated and time consuming. Our competitive position has been harmed, and our competitive position and future results may be further harmed, over the long-term, if there are further changes in the USG’s export controls, including further expansion of the geographic, customer, or product scope of the controls, if customers purchase product from competitors, if customers develop their own internal solution, if we are unable to provide contractual warranty or other extended service obligations, if the USG does not grant licenses in a timely manner or denies licenses to significant customers or if we incur significant transition costs. Even if the USG grants any requested licenses, the licenses may be temporary or impose burdensome conditions that we or our customers or end users cannot or choose not to fulfill. The licensing requirements may benefit certain of our competitors, as the licensing process will make our pre-sale and post-sale technical support efforts more cumbersome and less certain and encourage customers in China to pursue alternatives to our products, including semiconductor suppliers based in China, Europe, and Israel.

Given the increasing strategic importance of AI and rising geopolitical tensions, the USG has changed and may again change the export control rules at any time and further subject a wider range of our products to export restrictions and licensing requirements, negatively impacting our business and financial results. In the event of such change, we may be unable to sell our inventory of such products and may be unable to develop replacement products not subject to the licensing requirements, effectively excluding us from all or part of the China market, as well as other impacted markets, including the Middle East. For example, the USG has already imposed conditions to limit the ability of foreign firms to create and offer as a service large-scale GPU clusters, for example by imposing license conditions on the use of products to be exported to certain countries, and may impose additional conditions such as requiring chip tracking and throttling mechanisms that could disable or impair GPUs if certain events, including unauthorized system configuration, use, or location, are detected. The USG has already imposed export controls restricting certain gaming GPUs, and if the USG expands such controls to restrict additional gaming products, it may disrupt a significant portion of our supply and distribution chain and negatively impact sales of such products to markets outside China, including the U.S. and Europe. In addition, as the performance of the gaming GPUs increases over time, export controls may have a greater impact on our ability to compete in markets subject to those controls. Export controls may disrupt our supply and distribution chain for a substantial portion of our products, which are warehoused in and distributed from Hong Kong. Export controls restricting our ability to sell data center GPUs may also negatively impact demand for our networking products used in servers containing our GPUs. The USG may also impose export controls on our networking products, such as high-speed network interconnects, to limit the ability of downstream parties to create large clusters for frontier model training. Any new control that impacts a wider range of our products would likely have a disproportionate impact on NVIDIA and may disadvantage us against certain of our competitors that sell chips that are outside the scope of such control. Excessive or shifting export controls have already and may in the future encourage customers outside China and other impacted regions to “design-out” certain U.S. semiconductors from their products to reduce the compliance burden and risk, and to ensure that they are able to serve markets worldwide. Excessive or shifting export controls have already encouraged and may in the future encourage overseas governments to request that our customers purchase from our competitors rather than NVIDIA or other U.S. firms, harming our business, market position, and financial results. As a result, excessive or shifting export controls may negatively impact demand for our products and services not only in China, but also in other markets, such as Europe, Latin America, and Southeast Asia. Excessive or shifting export controls increase the risk of investing in U.S. advanced semiconductor products, because by the time a new product is ready for market, it may be subject to new unilateral export controls restricting its sale. At the same time, such controls may increase investment in foreign competitors, which would be less likely to be restricted by U.S. controls.

Additionally, restrictions imposed by the Chinese government on the duration of gaming activities and access to games may adversely affect our Gaming revenue, and increased oversight of digital platform companies may adversely affect our Data Center revenue. The Chinese government may also impose restrictions on the sale to certain customers of our products, or any products containing components made by our partners and suppliers. For example, the Chinese government announced restrictions relating to certain sales of products containing certain products made by Micron, a supplier of ours. As another example, an agency of the Chinese government announced an Action Plan that endorses new standards regarding the compute performance per watt and per memory bandwidth of accelerators used in new and renovated data centers in China. If the Chinese government modifies or implements the Action Plan in a way that effectively prevents us from being able to design products to meet the new standard, this may restrict the ability of customers to use some of our data center products and may have a material and adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition. Further restrictions on our products or the products of our suppliers could negatively impact our business and financial results.

Finally, our business depends on our ability to receive consistent and reliable supply from our overseas partners, especially in Taiwan. Any new restrictions that negatively impact our ability to receive supply of components, parts, or services from Taiwan, would negatively impact our business and financial results.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The repurchases can be made in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions, pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan or in structured share repurchase programs, and can be made in one or more larger repurchases, in compliance with Rule 10b-18 of the Exchange Act, subject to market conditions, applicable legal requirements, and other factors. The program does not obligate NVIDIA to acquire any particular amount of common stock and the program may be suspended at any time at our discretion.

In the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2025, we paid $246 million and $344 million, respectively, in cash dividends. Our cash dividend program and the payment of future cash dividends under that program are subject to our Board of Directors' continuing determination that the dividend program and the declaration of dividends thereunder are in the best interests of our shareholders.

The following table presents details of our share repurchase transactions during the second quarter of fiscal year 2025:


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (In millions)	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program (In millions)	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program (In billions)
April 29, 2024 - May 26, 2024	23.0	$	91.50	23.0	$	12.4
May 27, 2024 - June 23, 2024	14.7	$	121.36	14.7	$	10.6
June 24, 2024 - July 28, 2024	25.1	$	123.63	25.1	$	7.5
Total	62.8			62.8

On August 26, 2024, our Board of Directors approved an additional $50.0 billion to our share repurchase authorization, without expiration. From July 29, 2024 through August 26, 2024, we repurchased 31.5 million shares for $3.6 billion pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan. As of August 26, 2024, a total of $53.9 billion was available for repurchase.

Restricted Stock Unit Share Withholding

We withhold common stock shares associated with net share settlements to cover tax withholding obligations upon the vesting of RSU awards under our employee equity incentive program. During the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2025, we withheld approximately 11 million and 32 million, respectively, for a total value of $1.6 billion and $3.4 billion, respectively, through net share settlements.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities and Use of Proceeds

On May 28, 2024, we issued a total of 215,120 shares of our common stock, valued at approximately $25 million based on our closing stock price on the date of issuance, to key employees of a company we acquired.

On July 2, 2024, we issued a total of 212,353 shares of our common stock, valued at approximately $26 million based on our closing stock price on the date of issuance, to key employees of a company we acquired.

The above securities were issued in transactions not involving a public offering pursuant to an exemption from registration set forth in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act (and Regulation D or Regulation S promulgated thereunder).

Item 5. Other Information

On July 22, 2024, Ajay K. Puri, Executive Vice President, Worldwide Field Operations, terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement adopted on April 12, 2024 for the sale of up to 1,008,320 shares of our common stock on a post-split basis through July 11, 2025. 100,110 shares were sold under the plan prior to termination.

Item 6. Exhibits

Incorporated by Reference

Exhibit No.

Exhibit Description

Schedule/Form

Exhibit

Filing Date

3.1

Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation of NVIDIA Corporation

8-K

3.1

6/7/2024

10.1+*

Amended and Restated 2007 Equity Incentive Plan

10.2+*

Amended and Restated 2012 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

31.1*

Certification of Chief Executive Officer as required by Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

31.2*

Certification of Chief Financial Officer as required by Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

32.1#*

Certification of Chief Executive Officer as required by Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

32.2#*

Certification of Chief Financial Officer as required by Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

101.INS*

Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

101.SCH*

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL*

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF*

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB*

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document

101.PRE*

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File - the cover page interactive data file does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

+ Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

* Filed herewith.

# In accordance with Item 601(b)(32)(ii) of Regulation S-K and SEC Release Nos. 33-8238 and 34-47986, Final Rule: Management's Reports on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting and Certification of Disclosure in Exchange Act Periodic Reports, the certifications furnished in Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 hereto are deemed to accompany this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and will not be deemed “filed” for purpose of Section 18 of the Exchange Act. Such certifications will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the registrant specifically incorporates it by reference.

Copies of above exhibits not contained herein are available to any shareholder upon written request to:

Investor Relations: NVIDIA Corporation, 2788 San Tomas Expressway, Santa Clara, CA 95051.

Signature

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date: August 28, 2024


			NVIDIA Corporation
By:			/s/ Colette M. Kress

			Colette M. Kress
			Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Financial Officer)

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NVIDIA (NVDA) 10-Q2025 Q2 Quarterly report

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