Bowflex (BFXXQ) 10-K2022 FY Annual report

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as "plan," "expect," "aim," "believe," "project," "intend," "estimate," "will," "should," "could," and other terms of similar meaning typically identify forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements in this report include, without limitation: our ability to timely acquire inventory that meets our quality control standards from sole source foreign manufacturers at acceptable costs; an inability to pass along or otherwise mitigate the impact of raw material price increases and other cost pressures, including unfavorable currency exchange rates; experiencing delays and/or greater than anticipated costs in connection with launch of new products, entry into new markets, or strategic initiatives; our ability to hire and retain key management personnel; changes in consumer fitness trends; changes in the media consumption habits of our target consumers or the effectiveness of our media advertising; a decline in consumer spending due to unfavorable economic conditions; and softness in the retail marketplace. Additional assumptions, risks and uncertainties are described in detail in our registration statements, reports and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including the “Risk Factors” set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, as supplemented by our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q. Such filings are available on our website or at www.sec.gov. You are cautioned that such statements are not guarantees of future performance and that our actual results may differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. We do not undertake any duty to publicly update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent developments, events or circumstances.

Founded in 1986, Nautilus, Inc. and subsidiaries (collectively, "Nautilus" or the "Company") is a global leader in innovative home fitness solutions, headquartered in Vancouver, Washington and incorporated in the State of Washington in January 1993. We became a publicly traded company in May 1999 and are listed on the New York Stock Exchange and traded under ticker symbol: NLS.

We also derive a portion of our revenue from the licensing of our brands and intellectual property.

Nautilus empowers healthier living through individualized, connected-fitness experiences. We develop and market home fitness equipment and related products to meet the needs of a broad range of consumers. We have diversified our business by expanding our portfolio of high quality fitness equipment into multiple product lines utilizing our well-recognized brand names. We view the continual innovation of our product offerings as a key aspect of our business strategy. We regularly refresh our existing product lines with new technologies and finishes, and focus significant effort and resources on the development or acquisition of innovative new fitness products and technologies for introduction to the marketplace at periodic intervals.

Our long-term strategy involves:

Our long-term strategy incorporates the individual goals of our Direct and Retail businesses. Our Direct business focuses on: (i) the development of, or acquisition of rights to, unique, branded products and technologies; (ii) the application of creative, cost-effective ways to communicate the benefits of using our products; and (iii) making various payment options available to our customers. We are particularly attentive to Direct business metrics that provide feedback regarding the effectiveness and efficiency of our media marketing programs and attractiveness of third-party consumer financing programs.

In our Retail business, we strive to develop long-term relationships with key retailers of sports or fitness equipment. The primary objectives of our Retail business are to: (i) offer a selection of innovative, unique products at key price-points to capture market share; and (ii) utilize the strength of our brands and long-standing customer relationships to secure more exposure in the stores or websites of our Retail customers.

We market quality cardiovascular and strength fitness products that cover a broad range of price points and features. Our products are designed for home use by individuals with varying exercise needs. From the person who works out occasionally to the serious athlete, we have products that will help them achieve their fitness objectives.

We conduct our business in two segments, Direct and Retail. Our Direct business offers products directly to consumers primarily through our websites. Our Retail business offers our products through a network of independent companies to reach consumers in the home use markets in the U.S. and internationally.

In our Direct business, we sell our products directly to consumers via our websites bowflex.com, bowflex.ca, schwinnfitness.com and nautilus.com.

Our marketing efforts are based on an integrated combination of media and direct consumer contact. In addition to television advertising, our marketing mix includes a combination of digital, search, shopping and social media, as well as email and direct mail campaigns. Marketing and media effectiveness is measured continuously based on web traffic, conversion rates, return on investment and other performance metrics and we strive to optimize the efficiency of our marketing and media expenditures based on this data. Almost all of our Direct customer orders are received either on our websites or through call centers.

We offer programs that provide price discounts to our Retail customers for ordering container-sized shipments or placing orders early enough in our manufacturing season to allow for more efficient manufacturing by our Asian suppliers. These programs are designed to reduce our shipping and handling costs, with much of the savings being passed on to our customers. In addition, we often offer other types of sales incentives to our Retail customers, including volume discounts and various forms of rebates or allowances, which generally are intended to increase product exposure and availability for consumers, reduce transportation costs, and encourage marketing and promotion of our brands or specific products.

We rely on financial and engineering models to assist us in assessing the potential operational and economic impacts of adopting new technologies and innovations. If we determine that a third-party technology or innovation concept meets certain technical and financial criteria, we may enter into a licensing arrangement to utilize the technology or, in certain circumstances, purchase the technology for our own use. Our product design and engineering teams also invest considerable effort to improve product design and quality. As a consumer-driven company, we invest in qualitative and quantitative consumer research to help us assess new product concepts, optimal features and anticipated consumer adoption.

Our research and development expenses were $22.8 million, $3.8 million, $15.8 million and $14.3 million for the year ended March 31, 2022, the three-month transition period ended March 31, 2021, and years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The increase in our research and development expenses in fiscal year 2022 compared to fiscal year 2021 was due to increased expenses related to personnel to develop and update our connected-fitness technology. The increase in our research and development expenses in 2020 compared to 2019 was due to increased capitalized investment for our connected-fitness technology. We expect our research and development expenses to increase in fiscal 2023 as we continue to supplement our investment in new product development, technology initiatives, and engineering capabilities.

We define Subscriptions as a person or household who paid for a Subscription (via a successful credit card billing or with prepaid subscription credits or waivers), or are in a trial, or have requested a "pause"' to their subscriptions for up to three months. As of March 31, 2022, we had approximately 111,000 Subscriptions.

We expect our revenue from fitness equipment products to vary seasonally. Sales are typically strongest in our fiscal third quarter ending December and fourth quarter ending March and are generally weakest in our fiscal first quarter ending June and second quarter ending September. We believe that consumers tend to be involved in outdoor activities during the spring and summer months, including outdoor exercise, which impacts sales of indoor fitness equipment. This seasonality can have a significant effect on our inventory levels, working capital needs and resource utilization.

All of our products are produced by third-party manufacturers, and our manufacturing partners are primarily located in Asia. Although multiple factories bid on and are able to produce most of our products, we typically select one factory to be the primary supplier of any given product. Lead times for inventory purchases from our Asian suppliers, from order placement to receipt of goods, generally range from approximately two to three months, of which transit time represents three to four weeks. The length of our lead times requires us to place advance manufacturing orders based on management forecasts of future demand for our products. We attempt to compensate for our long replenishment lead times by maintaining adequate levels of inventory at our warehousing facilities.

We monitor our suppliers' ability to meet our product needs and we participate in quality assurance activities to reinforce adherence to our quality standards. Our third-party manufacturing contracts are generally of annual or shorter duration and our manufactured products are sourced on the basis of individual purchase orders. Our manufacturing relationships are non-exclusive, and we are permitted to procure our products from other sources at our discretion. None of our manufacturing contracts include production volume or purchase commitments on the part of either party. Our third-party manufacturers are responsible for the sourcing of raw materials and producing parts and finished products to our specifications.

Our company-operated warehousing and distribution facilities are located in Oregon, Ohio and California. In addition to company-operated distribution centers, we utilize third-party warehouses and logistics providers to fulfill orders.

In our Direct business, we strive to maintain inventory levels that will allow us to ship our products shortly after receiving a customer's order. We use common carriers for substantially all of our merchandise shipments to Direct customers.

In our Retail business, we manage our inventory levels to accommodate anticipated seasonal changes in demand. Generally, we maintain higher inventory levels at the end of the fiscal second and third quarters to satisfy relatively higher consumer demand in the fiscal third and fourth quarters of each year. Many of our Retail customers place orders well in advance of peak periods of consumer demand to ensure an adequate supply for the anticipated selling season.

In fiscal 2022, approximately 60% of our Retail customers' orders were shipped by our contract manufacturers in Asia directly to our Retail customers' locations, typically in container loads. The use of such direct shipments allows us to maintain lower levels of inventory in our warehouses, resulting in lower storage, handling, freight, insurance and other costs, with much of the savings being passed on to our customers. We use various commercial truck lines for our merchandise shipments to Retail customers.

The markets for all of our products are highly competitive. We believe the principal competitive factors affecting our business are quality, brand recognition, innovation and pricing. We believe we are well positioned to compete in markets in which we can take advantage of our strong brand names and that our focus on innovative product design, quality, and our integrated fitness experiences distinguishes our products from our competition.

Our products compete directly with those offered by a large number of companies that market consumer fitness experiences and programs. As more retailers utilize eCommerce, our competitors have become increasingly similar across our Direct and Retail segments.

As of June 1, 2022, we had 521 employees, 4 of whom were part-time. None of our employees are subject to collective bargaining agreements. We have not experienced a material interruption of our operations due to labor disputes.

Nautilus's culture is as unique as its employees and can be seen and felt throughout the Company. It is an inclusive environment, which helps individuals become their best selves, unlocking the greatest potential of each person to go 'above and beyond' for success. We value partnerships with businesses, academic institutions, and non-profit organizations to service our community. Our charitable contributions focus on supporting these partnerships and serving the community. We are engaged citizens in the communities in which we operate and our commitment to diversity, equity and inclusion extends to the way we support these communities.

We conduct surveys on a monthly basis and analyze the results, provide feedback to employees of those results, and, where appropriate, develop initiatives around issues raised by employees. Nautilus also supports learning and development opportunities, implementation of health and safety measures and other employee wellness programs.

Nautilus pivoted overnight from the onset of COVID-19 into a fully remote environment. As the pandemic continued, numerous efforts and careful decisions were made by the Executive Team, considering employee input, to maintain the highest level of health and safety of employees and their families. Remote work continued until safety precautions were lifted, and employees could safely return to an office environment. The flexibility and ability to adjust to change continues, as we settle into a hybrid schedule, allowing collaboration and interaction while showing the continued commitment and flexibility to this ever-changing environment. Managers are being provided training to develop skills for success in this hybrid transition.

We have a comprehensive and holistic approach to ensuring that we have the best people with exceptional and diverse skills and perspectives who are engaged and can grow to execute our strategy in a continuously changing environment. Our talent philosophy includes hiring from a diverse pool of candidates, developing our internal talent with formal and informal training opportunities, engaging our people with our company culture, and retaining our talent with competitive rewards and promoting our well-qualified and diverse pipeline of leaders.

We focus on employee development to support business needs and goals. We design programs that provide career and leadership development opportunities for employees at all levels. Talent development is key to leadership readiness, employee engagement and retention.

Trademarks, patents and other forms of intellectual property are vital to the success of our business and are an essential factor in maintaining our competitive position in the health and fitness industry. We regularly monitor commercial activity in our industry to identify potential infringement of our intellectual property. We protect our proprietary rights and attempt to take prompt, reasonable actions to prevent counterfeit products and other infringement on our intellectual property.

Each federally registered trademark is renewable indefinitely if the trademark is still in use at the time of renewal.

Building our intellectual property portfolio is an important factor in maintaining our competitive position in the health and fitness equipment industry. We have followed a policy of filing applications for U.S. and non-U.S. patents on utility and design inventions that we deem valuable to our business.

We own or license patents and design registrations covering a variety of technologies, some of which are utilized in our dumbbells, kettlebells, barbells, treadmills, exercise bikes, and elliptical machines. Patent and design protection for these technologies, which are utilized in products sold in both the Direct and Retail segments, extends as far as 2045.

We define our customer order backlog to include firm orders for future shipment to our Retail customers, as well as unfulfilled consumer orders within the Direct segment.

For the year ended March 31, 2022, the transition period ended March 31, 2021, and the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the following customers accounted for more than 10% of our total net sales as follows:

At Nautilus, we understand that environmental sustainability is a critical component of our business strategy and to the world in general. While we comply in all material respects with all applicable federal, state, and local environmental regulations and laws at our U.S. locations and internationally, we have been and will continue to evaluate our environmental impact and initiate improvements internally and with our third-party partners. By aligning sustainability initiatives throughout our operations, supply chain and product lifecycle, we continue to develop ourselves and our programs to improve resource efficiency and reduce waste

We will continue to build our environmental initiatives, ensuring that we have the information, systems, people, and processes in place across the organization to develop targets and roadmaps for priority focus areas. We will integrate and accelerate to make tangible progress and further embed sustainability across our full value chain. Some areas of focus include a lower carbon footprint, less landfill waste, chemical safety and regulatory compliance.

We do not expect that environmental legislation will have an adverse effect on our financial condition, nor do we anticipate any impact to material costs or liabilities in connection with environmental matters. Our goal is to initiate proactive measures and mitigate any possible risk in association with our environmental efforts.

Our digital platforms may receive, process, transmit and store personal health and fitness information relating to identifiable individuals. Consumer demand for personalized fitness experiences, through mobile applications or wearable fitness trackers and our focus on digital fitness solutions for our products may increase the volume of identifiable individual information we receive on our platforms and through our products. We also receive, process, transmit and store information relating to identifiable individuals in our capacity as an employer. As a result, we may be subject to numerous United States (both federal and state) and foreign jurisdiction laws and regulations designed to protect both individually identifiable information as well as personal health information, including the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, as amended (“HIPAA”) and the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), each of which governs, among other things, the privacy, security and electronic transmission of individually identifiable health information. The GDPR includes, and a growing number of legislative and regulatory bodies elsewhere in the world have adopted, consumer notification requirements in the event of unauthorized access to or acquisition of certain types of personal data. These breach notification laws continue to evolve and include jurisdiction-specific obligations.

We believe that we comply with such laws and regulations in all material respects and our controls in place are adequate for our continued compliance.

Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and trades under the symbol “NLS.” Our principal executive offices are located at 17750 SE 6th Way, Vancouver, Washington 98683, and our telephone number is (360) 859-2900. Our corporate website is located at http://www.nautilusinc.com and we use the investor relations page (www.nautilusinc.com/investors) to make information available to investors and the market.

We file annual reports, quarterly reports, current reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The SEC maintains a website at http://www.sec.gov where you can access copies of most of our SEC filings.

We make our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports, and other information filed or furnished with the SEC, available free of charge on the investor relations page of our corporate website. In addition to our SEC filings, we also webcast our earnings calls and certain events we participate in with members of the investment community on our investor relations page. Further, we use our investor relations page to make presentations and other materials regarding our business and financial performance available, along with our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, corporate governance policies, and the charters of our Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. The contents of our websites are not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K or in any other report or document we file with the SEC, and any references to our websites are intended to be textual references only.

Nautilus operates in an environment that involves a number of risks and uncertainties. The risks and uncertainties described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks and uncertainties that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties that presently are not considered material or are not known to us, and therefore are not mentioned herein, may impair our business, operations and financial results. If any of the risks described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K actually occur, our business, operating results and financial position could be adversely affected.

We derive a significant portion of our revenue from a small number of Retail customers. A Retail customer or any of our retail partners may in the future experience difficulties in their businesses that could prompt store closures or reorganizations. A loss of business from one or more of these large customers, if not replaced with new business, could negatively affect our operating results and cash flows.

All of our products are produced by third-party manufacturers, substantially all of which are located in Asia, primarily China. Lead times for inventory purchases from our Asian suppliers, from order placement to receipt of goods, generally range from approximately two to three months, of which transit time represents three to four weeks. The length of our lead times requires us to place advance manufacturing orders based on management forecasts of future demand for our products. Due to the length of our lead times, our revenue and cash flows may be negatively impacted if we do not have sufficient inventory on hand to meet customer demand for such items. In addition, our liquidity and cash flows may be negatively affected, and inventory obsolescence may increase, if the quantity of products we order exceeds customer demand for such items.

Substantially all of our contract manufacturers are located in Asia, primarily China, and may be subject to disruption by natural disasters, public health crises, such as pandemics and epidemics, as well as political, social or economic instability. The temporary or permanent loss of the services of any of our primary contract manufacturers could

cause a significant disruption in our product supply chain and operations and delays in product shipments. For example, the recent spread of the COVID-19 and related quarantines and work and travel restrictions in China has disrupted, and may continue to disrupt, production for certain of our products, and the extent to which these events will affect our results of operations and financial position remains uncertain. Such uncertainties, and disruptions caused by other public health crises, natural disasters and instability, could impair our ability to deliver products to our customers on a timely basis, reduce demand for our products or force us to incur remediation costs, any of which may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Our third-party manufacturing contracts are generally of annual or shorter duration and some manufactured products are sourced on the basis of individual purchase orders. There is no assurance that we will be able to maintain our current relationships with these parties or, if necessary, establish future arrangements with other third-party manufacturers on commercially reasonable terms. Further, while we maintain an active quality control, factory inspection and qualification program, we cannot ensure that their manufacturing and quality control processes will be maintained at a level sufficient to meet our inventory needs or prevent the inadvertent sale of substandard products. While we believe that products manufactured by our current third-party manufacturers could generally be procured from alternative sources, temporary or permanent loss of services from a significant manufacturer could cause disruption in our supply chain and operations.

To ensure adequate inventory supply, we must forecast inventory needs and expenses and place orders sufficiently in advance with our suppliers and contract manufacturers, based on our estimates of future demand for particular products and services. Failure to accurately forecast our needs may result in manufacturing delays or increased costs. Our ability to accurately forecast demand could be affected by many factors, including changes in consumer demand for our products and services, changes in demand for the products and services of our competitors, unanticipated changes in general market conditions, and the weakening of economic conditions or consumer confidence in future economic conditions, such as those caused by the recent COVID-19 outbreak. This risk will be exacerbated by the fact that we may not carry a significant amount of inventory and may not be able to satisfy short-term demand increases. If we fail to accurately forecast consumer demand, we may experience excess inventory levels or a shortage of products available for sale.

Inventory levels in excess of consumer demand may result in inventory write-downs or write-offs and the sale of excess inventory at discounted prices, which would cause our gross margins to suffer and could impair the strength and premium nature of our brand. Further, lower than forecasted demand could also result in excess manufacturing capacity or reduced manufacturing efficiencies, which could result in lower margins. Conversely, if we underestimate consumer demand, our suppliers and manufacturers may not be able to deliver products to meet our requirements or we may be subject to higher costs in order to secure the necessary production capacity. An inability to meet consumer demand and delays in the delivery of our products to our customers could result in reputational harm and damaged customer relationships and have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Many of our products carry warranties for defects in quality and workmanship. We may experience significant expense as the result of product quality issues, product recalls or product liability claims, which may have a material adverse effect on our business. We maintain a warranty reserve for estimated future warranty claims. However, the actual costs of servicing future warranty claims may exceed the reserve and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Many of our operating expenses are relatively fixed. We may not be able to adjust our operating expenses or other costs sufficiently to adequately respond to any revenue shortfalls. If we are unable to reduce operating expenses or other costs quickly in response to any declines in revenue, it would negatively impact our operating results, financial condition and cash flows.

Our future success depends on our ability to effectively develop, market and sell new products that respond to new and evolving consumer preferences. Accordingly, our revenues and operating results may be adversely affected if we are unable to develop or acquire rights to new products that satisfy consumer preferences. In addition, any new products that we market may not generate sufficient revenues to recoup their acquisition, development, production, marketing, selling and other costs.

New technologies and services, such as streaming services and social media have changed traditional patterns of media coverage and consumption. Additionally, consumer attention is increasingly fragmented across a variety of traditional and digital media the balance of which may shift at any time in response to media coverage of current events and the advancement of new technologies. We believe that consumer attention to media coverage of major events, such as the Olympics and the U.S. presidential election, have, in the past, impacted the effectiveness of our media advertising. Future events that draw significant media coverage may similarly impact our ability to engage consumers with our media advertising. If we are unable to successfully adapt our media strategies to new television viewing and media consumption habits, or if consumer attention is focused on other events, the effectiveness and efficiency of our media placements could be adversely affected, and our operating results may be negatively impacted.

There is uncertainty around the duration and breadth of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as general economic uncertainty and macroeconomic conditions, and, as a result, the ultimate impact on our business, financial condition or operating results cannot be reasonably estimated at this time.

Our business is vulnerable to damage or interruption from earthquakes, fires, floods, power losses, telecommunications failures, terrorist attacks, acts of war, human errors, break-ins, public health crises, including the recent COVID-19 pandemic, and similar events. The third-party systems and operations and contract manufacturers we rely on are subject to similar risks. Our insurance policies may not cover losses from these events or may provide insufficient compensation that does not cover our total losses. For example, a significant natural disaster, such as an earthquake, fire, or flood, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results, and our insurance coverage may be insufficient to compensate us for losses that

may occur. Acts of terrorism, which may be targeted at metropolitan areas that have higher population density than rural areas, could also cause disruptions in our or our suppliers’ and contract manufacturers’ businesses or the economy as a whole. We may not have sufficient protection or recovery plans in some circumstances, such as natural disasters affecting locations that store significant inventory of our products, that house our servers, or from which we generate content. As we rely heavily on our computer and communications systems, and the internet to conduct our business and provide high-quality customer service, these disruptions could negatively impact our ability to run our business and either directly or indirectly disrupt suppliers’ and our contract manufacturers’ businesses, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Our business is reliant on information and communication technology, and a substantial portion of our revenues are generated with the support of information and communication systems. The success of our Direct business is heavily dependent on our ability to respond to customer sales inquiries and process sales transactions using our call center communication systems, websites and similar data monitoring and communication systems provided and supported by third-parties. If such systems were to fail, or experience significant or lengthy interruptions in availability or service, our revenues could be materially affected. We also rely on information systems in all stages of our product cycle, from design to distribution, and we use such systems as a method of communication between employees, suppliers and customers. In addition, we use information systems to maintain our accounting records, assist in trade receivables collection and customer service efforts, and forecast operating results and cash flows.

System failures or service interruptions may occur as the result of a number of factors, including: computer viruses; hacking or other unlawful activities by third parties; disasters; equipment, hardware or software failures; ineffective design or implementation of new systems or systems upgrades; cable outages, extended power failures, or our inability or failure to properly protect, repair or maintain our communication and information systems. To mitigate the risk of business interruption, we have in place a disaster recovery program that targets our most critical operational systems. If our disaster recovery system is ineffective, in whole or in part, or efforts conducted by us or third-parties to prevent or respond to system interruptions in a timely manner are ineffective, our ability to conduct operations would be significantly affected. If we do not consider the potential impact of critical decisions related to systems or process design and implementation, this could lead to operational challenges and increased costs. Any of the aforementioned factors could have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial position and cash flows.

We manage and store various proprietary information and sensitive or confidential data relating to our business, including sensitive and personally identifiable information. Breaches of our security measures or the accidental loss, inadvertent disclosure or unapproved dissemination of proprietary information or sensitive or confidential data about us, or our customers, including the potential loss or disclosure of such information or data as a result of fraud, trickery or other forms of deception, could expose us, our customers or the individuals affected to a risk of loss or misuse of this information, result in litigation and potential liability for us, damage our brand and reputation or otherwise harm our business. In addition, the cost and operational consequences of implementing further data protection measures could be significant.

Experienced computer programmers and hackers may be able to penetrate our network security and misappropriate or compromise our confidential information or that of third parties, create system disruptions or cause shutdowns. Computer programmers and hackers also may be able to develop and deploy viruses, worms and other malicious software programs that attack or otherwise exploit any security vulnerabilities of our systems. In addition, sophisticated hardware and operating system software and applications that we procure from third parties may contain defects in design or manufacture, including "bugs" and other problems that could unexpectedly interfere with the operation of the system. The costs to us to eliminate or alleviate cyber or other security problems, bugs, viruses, worms, malicious software programs and security vulnerabilities could be significant, and our efforts to address these problems may not be successful and could result in interruptions, delays, cessation of service and loss of existing or potential customers that may impede our revenue, manufacturing, distribution or other critical functions.

We offer complex hardware and software products and services that can be affected by design and manufacturing defects. Sophisticated operating system software and applications, such as those offered by us, often have issues that can unexpectedly interfere with the intended operation of hardware or software products. Defects may also exist in components and products that we source from third parties. Any such defects could make our products and services unsafe, create a risk of environmental or property damage and personal injury, and subject us to the hazards and uncertainties of product liability claims and related litigation. In addition, from time to time we may experience outages, service slowdowns, or errors that affect our fitness and wellness programming. As a result, our services may not perform as anticipated and may not meet customer expectations. There can be no assurance that we will be able to detect and fix all issues and defects in the hardware, software, and services we offer. Failure to do so could result in widespread technical and performance issues affecting our products and services and could lead to claims against us. We maintain general liability insurance; however, design and manufacturing defects, and claims related thereto, may subject us to judgments or settlements that result in damages materially in excess of the limits of our insurance coverage. In addition, we may be exposed to recalls, product replacements or modifications, write-offs of inventory, property and equipment, or intangible assets, and significant warranty and other expenses such as litigation costs and regulatory fines. If we cannot successfully defend any large claim, maintain our general liability insurance on acceptable terms, or maintain adequate coverage against potential claims, our financial results could be adversely impacted. Further, quality problems could adversely affect the experience for users of our products and services, and result in harm to our reputation, loss of competitive advantage, poor market acceptance, reduced demand for our products and services, delay in new product and service introductions, and lost revenue.

As of March 31, 2022, we had goodwill of $24.5 million and other intangible assets of $9.3 million. Any future impairment charges, if significant, could materially and adversely affect our operating results. An unexpected decline in revenue, changes in market conditions, changes in competitive products or technologies or a change in management's intentions regarding utilization of intangible assets could lead to future impairment charges.

We have experienced Member growth over the past several years. Our continued business and revenue growth is dependent on our ability to continuously attract and retain Members, and we cannot be sure that we will be successful in these efforts, or that Members retention levels will not materially decline. There are a number of factors that could lead to a decline in Member levels or that could prevent us from increasing our Member levels, including:

In recent years, there has been an increased focus from investors, governmental and nongovernmental entities, and the public on environmental, social and governance ("ESG") matters, including greenhouse gas emissions, renewable energy, packaging and waste, practices related to sustainable supply chain, energy and water use, diversity, equity and inclusion, human rights and social commitment. A variety of organizations evaluate, and measure the performance of, companies on such ESG matters, and the results of these assessments are widely publicized. Given our commitment to ESG, we have established initiatives and are developing targets which we may refine or even expand further in the future. Execution of our ESG strategies to achieve these goals, commitments, and targets are subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which may be outside of our control and prove to be more costly than we anticipate. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, our ability to achieve our goals, commitments, and targets within the currently projected costs and the expected timeframes; unforeseen operational and technological difficulties; the outcome of research efforts and future technology developments; and the success of our collaborations with third parties. Any failure, or perceived failure, to achieve our ESG goals, commitments, and targets could damage our reputation and customer, investor and other stakeholder relationships, and may even result in regulatory enforcement action. Such conditions could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The markets for our products and services are characterized by intense competition, new industry standards, evolving distribution models, limited barriers to entry, disruptive technology developments, short product life cycles, customer price sensitivity and frequent product introduction. Our products and services face significant competition in every aspect of our business, including at-home fitness equipment and digital platforms, fitness clubs, in-studio fitness classes, and health and wellness apps. Further, we expect the competition in our market to intensify in the future as new and existing competitors introduce new or enhanced products and services that compete with ours.

Our competitors may develop, or have already developed, products, features, content, services, or technologies that are similar to ours or that achieve greater acceptance, may undertake more successful product development efforts, create more compelling employment opportunities, or marketing campaigns, or may adopt more aggressive pricing policies. Our competitors may develop or acquire, or have already developed or acquired, intellectual property rights that significantly limit or prevent our ability to compete effectively in the public marketplace. In addition, some competitors may have greater resources, or lack a short-term profitability motive, allowing them to identify and capitalize more efficiently upon opportunities in new markets and consumer preferences and trends, quickly transition and adapt their products and services, devote greater resources to marketing and advertising, or be better positioned to withstand substantial price competition. If we are not able to compete effectively against our competitors, they may acquire and engage customers or generate revenue at the expense of our efforts, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Success of each of our products depends substantially on the amount of discretionary funds available to our customers. Global credit and financial markets have experienced extreme disruptions in the recent past, including severely diminished liquidity and credit availability, inflationary pricing constraints, declines in consumer confidence, declines in economic growth, increases in unemployment rates and uncertainty about economic stability. There can be no assurance that similar disruptions will not occur in the future. Deterioration in general economic conditions may depress consumer spending, especially spending for discretionary consumer products such as ours. Poor economic conditions could, in turn, lead to substantial decreases in our net sales or have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial position and cash flows.

Historically, a significant portion of our Direct sales have been financed for our customers under various programs offered by third-party consumer credit financing sources. Reductions in consumer lending and the availability of consumer credit could limit the number of customers with the financial means to purchase our products. Higher interest rates could increase monthly payments for consumer products financed through one of our financing partners or through other sources of consumer financing. In the past, we have partnered with financial service companies to assist our customers in obtaining financing to purchase our products. Our present agreements with our third-party consumer credit financing providers enable certain customers to obtain financing if they qualify for the provider's private label revolving credit card. We cannot be assured that our third-party financing providers will continue to provide consumers with access to credit or that credit limits under such arrangements will not be reduced. Such restrictions or reductions in the availability of consumer credit could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, financial position and cash flows. Higher interest rates could result in declines in consumer spending on consumer durable goods and other shifts in their spending habits which may result in decreased sales and reduced margins.

Substantially all of our products are manufactured outside of the U.S. and, therefore, currency exchange rate fluctuations could result in higher costs for our products, or could disrupt the business of independent manufacturers that produce our products, by making their purchases of raw materials more expensive and more difficult to finance. Our future financial results could be significantly affected by the value of the U.S. dollar in relation to the foreign currencies in which we, our customers or our suppliers conduct business. Past fluctuations in currency exchange rates versus the U.S. dollar have caused our costs for certain products to increase, reducing our margins and cash flows. Similar fluctuations and cost increases may occur in the future. If we are unable to increase our selling prices to offset such cost increases, or if such increases have a negative impact on sales of our products, our revenues and margins would be reduced and our operating results and cash flows would be negatively impacted. In addition, a portion of our revenue is derived from sales outside the U.S., primarily in Canada and Europe. Currency rate fluctuations could make our products more expensive for foreign consumers and reduce our revenue, which would negatively affect our operating results and cash flows.

Our digital platforms may receive, process, transmit and store personal health and fitness information relating to identifiable individuals. Consumer demand for personalized fitness experiences, through mobile applications or wearable fitness trackers, and our strategy to focus on digital fitness solutions for our products may increase the volume of identifiable individual information we receive on our platforms and through our products. We also receive, process, transmit and store information relating to identifiable individuals in our capacity as an employer. As a result, we may be subject to United States (both federal and state) and foreign jurisdiction laws and regulations designed to protect both individually identifiable information and personal health information, including HIPAA and its regulations, and the GDPR. The GDPR includes, and a growing number of legislative and regulatory bodies elsewhere in the world have adopted, consumer notification requirements in the event of unauthorized access to or acquisition of certain types of personal data. These breach notification laws continue to evolve and include jurisdiction-specific obligations. Complying with these obligations could cause us to incur substantial costs and could increase negative publicity surrounding any incident that compromises personal data.

These and other related laws have been subject to frequent changes, and new legislation in this area may be enacted at any time. Changes to existing laws, introduction of new laws in this area or failure to comply with existing laws that are applicable to us may subject us to, among other things, additional costs or changes to our business practices, liability for monetary damages, fines and/or criminal prosecution, unfavorable publicity, restrictions on our ability to obtain and process information and allegations by our customers and consumers that we have not performed our contractual obligations, any of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Sales of cardio products represent a substantial portion of our Direct segment revenues. Introduction by competitors of comparable products, a maturing product lifecycle or other factors could result in a continued decline in our revenues derived from this product line. A significant decline in our revenue from this product line, without offsetting sales gains, would have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial position and cash flows.

Our industry is susceptible to litigation regarding trademark and patent infringement and other intellectual property rights. We could become a plaintiff or defendant in litigation involving trademark or patent infringement claims or claims for breach of a license agreement. The prosecution or defense of intellectual property litigation is both costly and disruptive of the time and resources of our management, regardless of the claim's merit. We could also be required to pay substantial damages or settlement costs to resolve intellectual property litigation or related matters.

We may not be able to successfully acquire intellectual property rights, protect existing rights, or potentially prevent others from claiming that we have violated their proprietary rights. We could incur substantial costs in defending against such claims even if they are without basis, and we could become subject to judgments or settlements requiring us to pay substantial damages, royalties or other charges.

From time to time, we may be a defendant in lawsuits and regulatory actions relating to our business or the former operations of our discontinued Commercial business segment. Due to the inherent uncertainties of litigation and

regulatory proceedings, we cannot accurately predict the ultimate outcome of any such proceedings. An unfavorable outcome could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, any significant litigation in the future, regardless of its merits, could divert management's attention from our operations and may result in substantial legal costs.

The global nature of our business involves a risk of exposure under U.S. (both federal and state) and foreign laws and regulations related to false advertising. A false advertising claim or related judgment against us could result in substantial and unexpected expenditures, affect consumer or customer confidence in our products and services, and divert management’s time and attention from other responsibilities. Although we maintain product and general liability insurance, there can be no assurance that the type or level of coverage we have is adequate (or will apply to the claim at hand) or that we will be able to continue to maintain our existing insurance or obtain comparable insurance at a reasonable cost, if at all. A false advertising or other judgment against us and related negative publicity could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, results of operations and financial condition.

Various international and U.S. federal, state and local governmental authorities, including the Federal Trade Commission, the Consumer Product Safety Commission, and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, regulate our product and marketing efforts. Our revenue and profitability could be significantly harmed if any of these authorities commence a regulatory enforcement action that interrupts our marketing efforts, results in a product recall or negative publicity, or requires changes in product design or marketing materials.

All of our products are produced by third-party manufacturers, substantially all of which are located in Asia, primarily in China. Additionally, we make significant sales to customers worldwide, and in particular to customers in Canada. Most of our imported products are subject to duties or tariffs that affect the cost and quantity of various types of goods imported into the U.S. or our other markets. The prior U.S. presidential administration sought changes to, or the withdrawal of the United States from various international treaties and trade arrangements. Our operating results have been negatively impacted by tariffs imposed by the prior U.S. presidential administration. Uncertainty regarding future policies affecting global trade may make it difficult for our management to accurately forecast our business, and increases in the duties, tariffs and other charges imposed on our products by the United States or other countries in which on our products are manufactured or sold, or other restraints on international trade, could negatively affect our business and the results of our operations.

Our business depends on our ability to source and distribute products in a timely manner. As a result, we rely on the free flow of goods through open and operational ports worldwide. Labor disputes or other disruptions at ports create significant risks for our business, particularly if work slowdowns, lockouts, strikes or other disruptions occur during our peak importing seasons. Any of these factors could result in reduced sales, canceled sales orders and unanticipated inventory accumulation and have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial position and cash flows.

Substantially all of our products are manufactured outside of the U.S. and a portion of our revenue is derived from sales outside the U.S., primarily in Canada, but also in markets outside North America. Accordingly, our future results could be materially adversely affected by a variety of factors pertaining to international trade, including: changes in a specific country's or region's political or economic conditions; trade restrictions; import and export licensing requirements; changes in regulatory requirements; additional efforts to comply with a variety of foreign laws and regulations; and longer payment cycles in certain countries, thus requiring us to finance customer purchases over a longer period than those made in the U.S. In addition, we rely on the performance of our employees located in foreign countries. Our ability to control the actions of these employees may be limited by the laws and regulations in effect in each country. Changes in any of the above factors could have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial position and cash flows.

We are subject to requirements under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, which requires us to conduct due diligence on and disclose whether or not our products contain conflict minerals. These requirements could adversely affect the sourcing, availability, and pricing of the materials used in the manufacture of components used in our products. In addition, we incur additional costs to comply with the disclosure requirements, including costs related to conducting diligence procedures to determine the sources of minerals that may be used or necessary to the production of our products and, if applicable, potential changes to products, processes, or sources of supply as a consequence of such due diligence activities. It is also possible that we may face reputational harm if we determine that certain of our products contain minerals not determined to be conflict free or if we are unable to alter our products, processes, or sources of supply to avoid such materials.

Protecting our intellectual property is an essential factor in maintaining our competitive position in the health and fitness industry. Failure to maximize or to successfully assert our intellectual property rights could impact our competitiveness. We rely on trademark, trade secret, patent and copyright laws to protect our intellectual property rights. Many factors bear upon the exclusive ownership and right to exploit intellectual properties, including, without limitation, prior rights of third parties and nonuse and/or nonenforcement by us and/or related entities. While we make efforts to develop and protect our intellectual property, the validity, enforceability and commercial value of our intellectual property rights may be reduced or eliminated. We cannot be sure that our intellectual property rights will be maximized or that they can be successfully asserted. There is a risk that we will not be able to obtain and perfect our own intellectual property rights or, where appropriate, license intellectual property rights necessary to compete successfully within the marketplace for our products. We cannot be sure that these rights, if obtained, will not be invalidated, circumvented or challenged in the future. If we do not, or are unable to, adequately protect our intellectual property, then we may face difficulty in differentiating our products from those of our competitors and our business, operating results and financial condition may be adversely affected.

Our results of operations in any particular period may not be indicative of results to be expected in future periods, and have historically been, and are expected to continue to be, subject to periodic fluctuations arising from a number of factors, including:

These trends and factors could adversely affect our business, operating results, financial position and cash flows in any particular period.

The Company filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 on November 9, 2020 with the SEC, that allows us to issue up to $100 million in securities including common stock, debt securities, warrants and units. The shelf registration statement is intended to provide the Company with increased financial flexibility and more efficient access to the capital markets. We cannot predict the effect, if any, that market sales of these securities or the availability of the securities will have on the prevailing market price of our common stock from time to time. Substantial sales of shares of our common stock or other securities in the public market, or the perception that those sales could occur, may cause the market price of our common stock to decline. Such a decrease in our share price could in turn impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. Future issuances of our common stock, or other securities convertible into our common stock, may result in significant dilution to our existing shareholders. Significant dilution would reduce the proportionate ownership and voting power held by our existing shareholders.

We incurred operating losses for the year-ended March 31, 2022, $25.3 million, and may incur operating losses in the future. We expect our operating expenses to increase in the future as we continue our sales and marketing efforts, continue to invest in research and development, expand our operating and retail infrastructure, add content and software features to our platform, expand into new geographies, develop new connected-fitness products and services, and in connection with legal, accounting, and other expenses related to operating as a public company. These efforts and additional expenses may be more costly than we expect, and we cannot guarantee that we will be able to increase our revenue to offset our operating expenses. Our revenue growth may slow or our revenue may decline for a number of other reasons, including reduced demand for our products and services, increased competition, a decrease in the growth or reduction in size of our overall market, the impacts to our business from the COVID-19 pandemic, or if we cannot capitalize on growth opportunities. If our revenue does not grow at a greater rate than our operating expenses, we will not be able to achieve and maintain profitability.

We track certain operational and business metrics, including our connected fitness products, with internal methods, which are not independently verified by any third party and are often reliant upon an interface with mobile operating systems, networks and standards that we do not control. Our internal methods have limitations and our process for tracking these metrics may change over time, which could result in unexpected changes to our metrics, including the metrics we report. If the internal methods we use under-count or over-count metrics related to our connected fitness products metrics as a result of algorithm or other technical errors, the operational and business metrics that we report may not be accurate. In addition, limitations or errors with respect to how we measure certain operational and business metrics may affect our understanding of certain details of our business, which could affect our longer term strategies. If our operational and business metrics are not accurate representations of our business, market penetration, retention or engagement; if we discover material inaccuracies in our metrics; or if the metrics we rely on to track our performance do not provide an accurate measurement of our business, our reputation may be harmed, and our operating and financial results could be adversely affected.

As part of our business strategy, we have made or may in the future make investments in other companies, products, or technologies. We may not be able to find suitable acquisition candidates and we may not be able to complete acquisitions on favorable terms, if at all, in the future. If we do complete acquisitions, we may not ultimately strengthen our competitive position or achieve our goals, and any acquisitions we complete could be viewed negatively by Members or investors. Moreover, an acquisition, investment, or business relationship may result in unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures, including disrupting our ongoing operations, diverting management from their primary responsibilities, subjecting us to additional liabilities, increasing our expenses, and adversely impacting our business, financial condition, and operating results. Moreover, we may be exposed to unknown liabilities and the anticipated benefits of any acquisition, investment, or business relationship may not be

realized, if, for example, we fail to successfully integrate such acquisitions, or the technologies associated with such acquisitions, into our company.

To pay for any such acquisitions, we would have to use cash, incur debt, or issue equity securities, each of which may affect our financial condition or the value of our capital stock and could result in dilution to our stockholders. If we incur more debt it would result in increased fixed obligations and could also subject us to covenants or other restrictions that would impede our ability to manage our operations. Additionally, we may receive indications of interest from other parties interested in acquiring some or all of our business. The time required to evaluate such indications of interest could require significant attention from management, disrupt the ordinary functioning of our business, and could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Following is a summary of each of our properties as of March 31, 2022:

Our properties are used by both our Direct and Retail segments. We believe our properties are generally well-maintained, adequate and suitable for their intended purposes, and we believe our existing properties will meet our operational needs for the foreseeable future. If we require additional warehouse or office space in the future, we believe we will be able to obtain such space on commercially reasonable terms.

From time to time, in the ordinary course of business, we may be involved in various claims, lawsuits and other proceedings. These legal proceedings involve uncertainty as to the eventual outcomes and losses which may be realized when one or more future events occur or fail to occur.

As of the date of filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we have recorded a $4.7 million loss contingency related to a legal settlement involving a class action lawsuit related to advertisement of our treadmills. The settlement includes damages, a one-year free membership to JRNY, and administrative fees and was included as a component of General and administrative on our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022. As of March 31, 2022, $4.3 million remained accrued and was reflected in Accrued liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

We did not pay any dividends on our common stock in fiscal years 2022 or 2021. Payment of any future dividends, in accordance with our borrowing arrangements, is at the discretion of our Board of Directors, which considers various factors such as our financial condition, operating results, current and anticipated cash needs and future expansion plans.

See Part III, Item 12 for equity compensation plan information.

The graph assumes $100 was invested, on December 31, 2016, in our common stock and each index presented in the graph. The comparisons in the table below are not intended to forecast or be indicative of future performance of our common stock.

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with the consolidated financial statements and related notes that are included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties.

 

Our results for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 ("fiscal 2022") were driven by the actions outlined in our North Star strategy. The five strategic pillars of our North Star strategy are: (1) adopt a consumer first mindset; (2) scale a differentiated digital offering; (3) focus investments on core businesses; (4) evolve supply chain to be a strategic advantage; and (5) build organizational capabilities to win by unleashing the power of our team. We intend to leverage our many strengths to transform into a company that empowers healthier living through individualized connected fitness experiences. Our transformation will build on our leading brands, products, innovation, distribution and digital assets to create a healthier world, one person at a time.

At the center of health and well-being is fitness. The market size more than doubled over the past two years, is normalizing from its peak during the COVID-19 pandemic with more normal seasonality, and will settle at a “new normal” significantly above pre-pandemic levels based on a profound evolution in consumers’ workouts and workplace habits. As a result of these changed habits and sentiments, we continue to believe much of the industry growth opportunity will remain at elevated levels relative to those experienced pre-pandemic. This results in stronger opportunities for the fitness industry and Nautilus.

As a result of the above and other factors, our period-to-period operating results may not be indicative of future performance. You should not place undue reliance on our operating results and should consider our prospects in light of the risks, expenses and difficulties typically encountered by us and other companies, both within and outside our industry. We may not be able to successfully address these risks and difficulties and, consequently, we cannot assure you any future growth or profitability. For more information, see our discussion of Risk Factors located at Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements. An accounting estimate is considered to be critical if it meets both of the following criteria: (i) the nature of the estimate is material due to the levels of subjectivity and judgment necessary to account for highly uncertain matters or the susceptibility of such matters to change, and (ii) the impact of the estimate on financial condition or operating performance is material. Our critical accounting estimate is discussed below.

During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022, we performed a sensitivity analysis for goodwill impairment with respect to each of our respective reporting units and determined that a hypothetical 10% decline in the fair value of either of the reporting units would not result in an impairment of goodwill for any reporting unit.

Our impairment evaluations contain uncertainties because they require management to make assumptions and to apply judgment in order to estimate future cash flows and asset fair values. Our judgments regarding potential impairment are based on a number of factors including: the timing and amount of anticipated cash flows; market conditions; relative levels of risk; the cost of capital; terminal values; royalty rates; and the allocation of revenues, expenses and assets and liabilities to reporting units. Each of these factors can significantly affect the value of our goodwill or other long-term assets and, thereby, could have a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations.

We make judgments about the recoverability of intangible assets with finite lives whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an impairment may exist. Recoverability of purchased intangible assets with finite lives is measured by comparing the carrying amount of the asset to the future undiscounted cash flows the asset is expected to generate. We review indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. If the asset is considered to be impaired, the amount of any impairment is measured as the difference between the carrying value and the fair value of the impaired asset. Assumptions and estimates about future values and remaining useful lives of our purchased intangible assets are complex and subjective. They can be affected by a variety of factors, including external factors such as industry and economic trends, and internal factors such as changes in our business strategy and our internal forecasts. Our ongoing consideration of all the factors described previously could result in impairment charges in the future, which could adversely affect our net income.

The fair value of acquired technology, which was determined at the acquisition date, primarily uses the cost approach. Other third party costs were also provided and considered in our analysis, where appropriate. In addition to the costs to reproduce each application, a developer's profit, an opportunity cost and an obsolescence factor were considered. The developer's profit represents the profit margin on a market participate developer's investment in the material, labor and overhead costs necessary to develop the intangible asset.

Results of operations information was as follows (in thousands):

Net sales were $221.7 million for 2022, compared to $295.3 million, a decline of 24.9%, versus the same period in 2021. The net sales decrease was primarily driven by lower cardio sales.

The Direct segment ended the year with $0.8 million of backlog as of March 31, 2022. Backlog represents unfulfilled consumer orders net of current promotional programs and sales discounts.

Net sales were $364.1 million for 2022, compared to $365.9 million, a decline of 0.5%, versus the same period in 2021. Excluding sales related to Octane, net sales increased 5% compared to the same period in 2021. Retail segment sales outside the United States and Canada decreased 13%, or a decrease of 9% excluding Octane.

Gross profit margin was 21.0%, down from 30.3% for the same period in 2021. The 9.3 ppt decrease in gross profit margin was primarily driven by increased product costs, logistics and discounting. Gross profit was $76.6 million, a decrease of 31.0% versus the same period in 2021.

Segment contribution income for 2022 was $44.8 million, compared to $80.7 million for 2021. The $35.9 million decrease was primarily driven by lower gross profit.

Royalty income increased by $0.01 million, or 0.2%, to $3.7 million for 2022, compared to 2021, primarily due to royalty settlements.

Operating expenses for 2022 were $173.8 million, an increase of $19.6 million, or 12.7%, as compared to operating expenses of $154.2 million for 2021. The increase in operating expenses primarily related to brand advertising and media spend and increased research and development and general and administrative expenses partially offset by loss on disposal group of $20.7 million in 2021.

The increase in selling and marketing expenses as a percentage of net sales in 2022 compared to 2021 was due to the increase in brand advertising to drive demand and preserve market share.

Media advertising expense is the largest component of selling and marketing and was as follows (dollars in thousands):

The increase in media advertising in 2022 compared to 2021 was primarily due to increased media spending as we return to more historically normalized levels of advertising support to drive demand and preserve market share.

General and administrative expenses include payroll, employee benefits, stock-based compensation expense, and other headcount-related expenses associated with finance, legal, facilities, certain human resources and other administrative personnel, acquisition costs and other administrative fees.

General and administrative expenses was as follows (dollars in thousands):

The increase in general and administrative expenses in 2022 compared to 2021 was primarily due to increased personnel costs, a $4.7 million loss contingency related to a legal settlement for a class action lawsuit, and VAY acquisition costs.

The increase in general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net sales in 2022 compared to 2021 was primarily due to the increase in costs as noted above.

Research and development expenses include payroll, employee benefits, other headcount-related expenses and information technology associated with product development.

Research and development expenses was as follows (dollars in thousands):

The loss on disposal group for 2021 related to the disposal of our Octane business, which was sold on October 14, 2020.

Interest expense of $1.6 million and $1.1 million in 2022 and 2021, respectively, was primarily related to the outstanding balance on our term loan and line of credit.

Other, net includes the effect of currency exchange rate fluctuations with the U.S. and our foreign subsidiaries and equity investment impairments.

Other, net for 2022 was $1.4 million, a decrease of $3.6 million, as compared to $5.0 million in 2021. The decrease in other, net was primarily due to an equity investment impairment for the fair value deterioration from adverse changes in the general market condition of the equity investees' industry of $2.5 million in 2021.

Loss from continuing operations was $28.2 million for 2022, or $(0.72) per diluted share, compared to income from continuing operations of $112.1 million, or $2.81 per diluted share, for 2021. The decrease in income from continuing operations was primarily due to lower gross profit and higher operating expenses as discussed in more detail above.

Income tax (benefit) expense includes U.S. and international income taxes, and interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions.

Income tax (benefit) expense was as follows (dollars in thousands):

The income tax benefit from continuing operations for 2022 was primarily due to the net loss incurred in the U.S. The income tax expense from continuing operations for 2021 was primarily as a result of the net profit generated in the U.S.

Net loss was $22.4 million for 2022, compared to net income of $88.1 million for 2021. Net loss per diluted share was $(0.72) for 2022, compared to net income per diluted share of $2.78 for 2021.

Our future capital requirements may vary materially from those currently planned and will depend on many factors, including our levels of revenue, the timing and extent of spending on research and development efforts and other business initiatives, the expansion of sales and marketing activities, the timing of new product introductions, market acceptance of our products, and overall economic conditions. To the extent that current and anticipated future sources of liquidity are insufficient to fund our future business activities and requirements, we may be required to seek additional equity or debt financing. The sale of additional equity would result in additional dilution to our shareholders. The incurrence of debt financing would result in debt service obligations and the instruments governing such debt could provide for operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations.

As of March 31, 2022, we had $14.2 million of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, compared to cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, and available for sale securities of $113.2 million as of March 31, 2021.

Cash used in operating activities was $66.6 million for fiscal 2022, compared to cash used in operating activities of $71.7 million for the comparable period ended March 31, 2021. The decrease in cash flows from operating activities for fiscal 2022 compared to fiscal 2021 was primarily due to our net loss for fiscal 2022 and the changes in our operating assets and liabilities discussed below.

Trade receivables decreased by $27.2 million to $61.5 million as of March 31, 2022, compared to $88.7 million as of March 31, 2021, primarily due to timing of customer payments.

Inventory increased by $43.1 million to $111.2 million as of March 31, 2022, compared to $68.1 million as of March 31, 2021. The increase in inventory was driven by the strategic decision to increase on-hand inventory levels for the fitness season given continued disruption in global logistics. About 14% of inventory as of March 31, 2022 was in-transit.

Prepaids and other current assets decreased by $11.3 million to $14.5 million as of March 31, 2022, compared to $25.8 million as of March 31, 2021, primarily due to decreases in other short-term deposits for inventory.

Trade payables decreased by $45.7 million to $53.2 million as of March 31, 2022, compared to $98.9 million as of March 31, 2021, primarily due to the timing of payments and slow down in inventory purchases.

Accrued liabilities increased by $9.8 million to $29.4 million as of March 31, 2022, compared to $19.6 million as of March 31, 2021, primarily due to deferred subscription revenue, an accrued loss contingency related to a class action lawsuit legal settlement, payroll related liabilities and customer deposits.

Cash provided by financing activities of $12.7 million in fiscal 2022 was primarily related to proceeds from long-term debt of $65.2 million and proceeds from stock purchases and stock option exercises of $1.0 million, offset by payments on our term loan and line of credit of $49.9 million, tax payments related to stock award issuances of $2.9 million and debt issuance costs of $0.6 million.

In the ordinary course of business, we enter into agreements that require us to indemnify counterparties against third-party claims. These may include: agreements with vendors and suppliers, under which we may indemnify them against claims arising from our use of their products or services; agreements with customers, under which we may indemnify them against claims arising from their use or sale of our products; real estate and equipment leases, under which we may indemnify lessors against third-party claims relating to the use of their property; agreements with licensees or licensors, under which we may indemnify the licensee or licensor against claims arising from their use of our intellectual property or our use of their intellectual property; and agreements with parties to debt arrangements, under which we may indemnify them against claims relating to their participation in the transactions.

The nature and terms of these indemnifications vary from contract to contract, and generally a maximum obligation is not stated. We hold insurance policies that mitigate potential losses arising from certain types of indemnifications. Because we are unable to estimate our potential obligation, and because management does not expect these obligations to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows, no liabilities are recorded at March 31, 2022.

Our exposure to market risk from changes in interest rates relates primarily to our cash equivalents, marketable debt securities, derivative assets, and variable-rate debt obligations. Our cash equivalents mature within three months or less from the date of purchase. Marketable securities with original maturities of greater than three months and remaining maturities of less than one year are classified as short-term investments. Investments with maturities beyond one year may be classified as short-term based on their highly liquid nature and because such marketable securities represent the investment of cash that is available for current operations. We have classified our marketable securities as available-for-sale and, therefore, we may choose to sell or hold them as changes in the market occur. Because of the short-term nature of the instruments in our portfolio, a decline in interest rates would reduce our interest income over time, and an increase in interest rates may negatively affect the market price or liquidity of certain securities within the portfolio.

Our negotiated credit facilities generally charge interest based on a benchmark rate such as SOFR. Fluctuations in short-term interest rates may cause interest payments on term loan principal and drawn amounts on the revolving line to increase or decrease. As of March 31, 2022, the outstanding balances on our credit facilities totaled $29.4 million.

We enter into foreign exchange forward contracts to offset the earnings impacts of exchange rate fluctuations on certain monetary assets and liabilities. Total notional amounts outstanding at March 31, 2022 were $33.5 million. A hypothetical 10% increase in interest rates, or a 10% movement in the currencies underlying our foreign currency derivative positions, would have material impacts on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

We do not enter into derivative instruments for any purpose other than to manage our interest rate or foreign currency exposure. That is, we do not engage in interest rate or currency exchange rate speculation using derivative instruments.