Warby Parker (WRBY) 10-Q2022 Q2 Quarterly report

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which statements involve substantial risk and uncertainties. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “target,” “will,” or “would” or the negative of these words or other similar terms or expressions. Forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q include, but are not limited to, statements about our future results of operations and financial position, industry and business trends, general macroeconomic and market trends, business strategy, plans, market growth and our objectives for future operations.

You should not rely on forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We have based the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q primarily on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition, and operating results. The outcome of the events described in these forward-looking statements is subject to risks, uncertainties, and other factors. These risks and uncertainties include our ability to manage our future growth effectively; our expectations regarding cost of goods sold, gross margin, channel mix, customer mix, and selling, general, and administrative expenses; planned new retail stores in 2022 and going forward; increases in component and shipping costs and changes in supply chain; our ability to compete successfully; our ability to manage our inventory balances and shrinkage; our ability to engage our existing customers and obtain new customers; the growth of our brand awareness; the effects of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic; the effects of seasonal trends on our results of operations; our ability to stay in compliance with extensive laws and regulations that apply to our business and operations; our ability to adequately maintain and protect our intellectual property and proprietary rights; our reliance on third parties for our products, operation and infrastructure; our duties related to being a public benefit corporation; the ability of our Co-Founders and Co-CEOs to exercise significant influence over all matters submitted to stockholders for approval; the volatility in the trading price of our Class A common stock; the effect of our multi-class structure on the trading price of our Class A common stock; the increased expenses associated with being a public company; and the other factors described in the section titled “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 18, 2022. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all risks and uncertainties that could have an impact on the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The results, events, and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur, and actual results, events, or circumstances could differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements.

In addition, statements such as “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based on information available to us as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. While we believe that such information provides a reasonable basis for these statements, that information may be limited or incomplete. These statements are inherently uncertain, and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely on these statements.

The forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q relate only to events as of the date on which the statements are made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or to reflect new information or the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions, or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements, and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures, or investments.

Warby Parker Inc., a public benefit corporation founded in 2010 (together with its wholly owned subsidiaries, the “Company”), is a founder-led, mission-driven lifestyle brand that sits at the intersection of technology, design, healthcare, and social enterprise. The Company offers holistic vision care by selling eyewear products and providing optical services directly to consumers through its retail stores and e-commerce platform. For every pair of glasses or sunglasses sold, the Company helps distribute a pair of glasses to someone in need through its Buy a Pair, Give a Pair program. The Company is headquartered in New York, New York.

Direct Listing

On September 29, 2021, the Company completed a direct listing of its Class A common stock (the “Direct Listing”) on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”). The Company incurred fees related to financial advisory services, audit, and legal expenses in connection with the Direct Listing of $4.1 million and $4.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, which are recorded in selling, general, and administrative expenses.

Basis of Presentation

Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of Warby Parker Inc., and its wholly owned subsidiaries. The Company has consolidated certain entities meeting the definition of a variable interest entity as the Company concluded that it is the primary beneficiary of the entities. The inclusion of these entities does not have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The Company prepares its condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP. These principles require management to make certain estimates and assumptions during the preparation of its condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Management’s estimates are based on historical experience and on various other market-specific and relevant assumptions that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Significant estimates underlying the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to (i) the valuation of inventory, including the determination of the net realizable value, (ii) reserves for sales returns, (iii) the useful lives and recoverability of long-lived assets, (iv) the determination of deferred income taxes, including related valuation allowances, (v) allowances for doubtful accounts, and (vi) assumptions related to the valuation of common stock and determination of stock-based compensation.

Emerging Growth Company Status

The Company is an emerging growth company, as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act, until such time as those standards apply to private companies.

The Company has elected to use this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies. As a result, the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements may not be comparable to financial statements of issuers who are required to comply with the effective dates for new or revised accounting standards based on public company effective dates.

Segment Information

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), who makes decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance. The Company defines its CODM as its co-Chief Executive Officers. The Company has identified 1 operating segment. When evaluating the Company’s performance and allocating resources, the CODM relies on financial information prepared on a consolidated basis.

Concentration of Credit Risk and Major Suppliers

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents in various accounts, which, at times, may exceed the limits insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation of $250 thousand per institution and the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation of $100 thousand Canadian dollars. At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, uninsured cash balances were approximately $210.2 million and $255.0 million, respectively. The Company has not experienced any concentration losses related to its cash and cash equivalents to date. The Company seeks to minimize its credit risk by maintaining its cash and cash equivalents with high-quality financial institutions and monitoring the credit standing of such institutions.

The Company’s top five inventory suppliers accounted for approximately 22% and 19% of cost of goods sold for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be a cash equivalent. Cash and cash equivalents include both deposits with banks and financial institutions and receivables from credit card issuers, which are typically converted into cash within two to four days of capture. As such, these receivables are recorded as a deposit in transit as a component of cash and cash equivalents on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the balance of receivables from credit card issuers included within cash and cash equivalents was $3.4 million and $6.3 million, respectively.

Inventory

Inventory consists of approximately $15.1 million and $14.1 million of finished goods, including ready-to-wear sun frames, contact lenses, and eyeglass cases, as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and approximately $55.7 million and $43.0 million of component parts, including optical frames and prescription optical lenses, as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined on a weighted average cost basis.

The Company continuously evaluates the composition of its inventory and makes adjustments when the cost of inventory is not expected to be fully recoverable. The estimated net realizable value of inventory is determined based on an analysis of historical sales trends, the impact of market trends and economic conditions, and a forecast of future demand. Adjustments for damaged inventory are recorded primarily based on actual damaged inventory. Adjustments for inventory shrink, representing the physical loss of inventory, include estimates based on historical experience, and are adjusted based upon physical inventory counts. However, unforeseen adverse future economic and market conditions could result in actual results differing materially from estimates.

COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic caused personal and business disruption worldwide beginning in January 2020, and continues to impact global economies and supply chains. In the second quarter of 2022, the Company’s business continued to experience disruption caused by the pandemic, including changes to consumer shopping patterns as well as varying levels of restrictions in physical locations implemented by national, state, and local authorities. Although the Company continues to monitor the situation and may adjust its current policies as more information and public health guidance become available, precautionary measures that have been adopted have and will negatively affect the Company’s ability to sell its products and fulfill customer orders and the operations of its suppliers and fulfillment partners. More generally, the continued outbreak of COVID-19 has adversely affected economies and financial markets globally, contributing to an economic downturn, which has decreased, and could continue to decrease consumer

spending, and adversely affect demand for the Company’s products and services. It is not possible at this time to estimate the impact that COVID-19 could have on the Company’s business given the unpredictable nature of the pandemic.

Revenue Recognition

The Company primarily derives revenue from the sales of eyewear products, optical services, and accessories. The Company sells products and services through its stores, website, and mobile apps. Revenue generated from eyewear products includes the sales of prescription and non-prescription optical glasses and sunglasses, contact lenses, eyewear accessories, and expedited shipping charges, which are charged to the customer, associated with these purchases. All revenue is reported net of sales taxes collected from customers on behalf of taxing authorities and variable consideration, including returns and discounts.

Revenue is recognized when performance obligations are satisfied through either the transfer of control of promised goods or the rendering of services to the Company's customers. Control transfers once a customer has the ability to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the benefits from, the product, which is generally determined to be the point of delivery or upon rendering of the service in the case of eye exams. This includes the transfer of legal title, physical possession, the risks and rewards of ownership, and customer acceptance. In the normal course of business, payment may be collected from the customer prior to recognizing revenue and such cash receipts are included in deferred revenue until the order is delivered to the customer. Substantially all of the deferred revenue included on the balance sheet at December 31, 2021 was recognized as revenue in the first quarter of 2022 and the Company expects substantially all of the deferred revenue at June 30, 2022 to be recognized as revenue in the third quarter of 2022.

The Company’s sales policy allows customers to return merchandise for any reason within 30 days of receipt, generally for an exchange or refund. An allowance is recorded within other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets for expected future customer returns which the Company estimates using historical return patterns and its expectation of future returns. Any difference between the actual return and previous estimates is adjusted in the period in which such returns occur. Historical return estimates have not materially differed from actual returns in any of the periods presented. The allowance for returns was $2.0 million and $1.8 million at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

The Company offers non-expiring gift cards to its customers. Proceeds from the sale of gift cards are initially deferred and recognized within deferred revenue on the condensed consolidated balance sheets, and are recognized as revenue when the product is received by the customer after the gift card has been tendered for payment. Based on historical experience, and to the extent there is no requirement to remit unclaimed card balances to government agencies under unclaimed property laws, an estimate of the gift card balances that will never be redeemed is recognized as revenue in proportion to gift cards which have been redeemed. While the Company will continue to honor all gift cards presented for payment, management may determine the likelihood of redemption to be remote for certain card balances due to, among other things, long periods of inactivity.

Leases

The Company records a lease liability and corresponding right-of-use (“ROU”) asset at lease commencement. The lease liability is measured at the present value of non-cancellable future lease payments over the lease term, minus expected tenant improvement allowances (“TIAs”) determined to be lease incentives. The ROU asset is measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for prepaid lease payments, TIAs expected to be received, and any initial direct costs.

When calculating the present value of future lease payments, the Company utilizes an incremental borrowing rate, which incorporates several factors including the lease term, U.S. Treasury bond rates, financial ratios related to earnings and cash flows, and other comparisons with similarly sized companies.

Many of the Company’s leases contain TIA provisions, which represent contractual amounts receivable from a lessor for improvements to the leased property made by the Company which are determined to represent lease incentives. The Company considers TIAs to be reasonably certain to collect, and includes them in the present value calculation when determining the lease liabilities for new leases. The benefit from a TIA is amortized through rent expense over the term of the related lease.

The recognition of rent expense for an operating lease commences on the date at which control and possession of the property is obtained. Rent expense is calculated by recognizing total fixed minimum rental payments, net of any TIAs or other rental concessions, on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Some of the Company’s retail leases contain percent of sales rent or similar provisions, which is recognized as incurred as variable rent. Retail, optical laboratory, and distribution center rent expense is recognized as a component of cost of goods sold and all other rent expense is recognized as a component of selling, general, and administrative expenses.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

The new standard provides a number of optional practical expedients in transition. The Company elected practical expedients permitted under ASC 842, specifically to not reassess its prior conclusions about lease identification, to not reassess lease classification, and to not reassess initial direct costs. The Company did not elect the practical expedient allowing the use of hindsight which would require the Company to reassess the lease term of its leases based on all facts and circumstances through the effective date and did not elect the practical expedient pertaining to land easements as this is not applicable to the current contract portfolio.

The most significant financial statement impact of ASC 842 related to the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets for the Company’s retail stores, corporate offices, optical laboratories, and distribution center operating leases based on the present value of total fixed payments. Upon adoption, the Company recorded right-of-use assets of $109.4 million, lease liabilities of $146.2 million, and other liabilities of $2.2 million, and reclassified historical deferred rent and tenant improvement allowance balances of $39.0 million to operating lease right-of-use assets. The adoption did not impact the condensed consolidated statements of operations or retained earnings. The impact of the adoption of ASC 842 on the condensed consolidated balance sheet is as follows:

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

The Company has considered all new accounting pronouncements issued during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and does expect any to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

The Company uses the estimated annual effective tax rate approach to determine the provision for income taxes. The estimated annual effective tax rate is based on forecasted annual results and may fluctuate due to differences between the forecasted and actual results, changes in valuation allowances, and any other transactions that result in differing tax treatment.

The Company’s estimated annual effective income tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 differed from the statutory rate primarily due to non-deductible executive compensation, stock-based compensation, differences in tax rates in state and foreign jurisdictions, the valuation allowance, and other permanent items.

Common Stock

As of June 30, 2022, the Company’s Twelfth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation authorizes the issuance of up to 1,050,000,000 shares of common stock, par value of $0.0001 per share, of which 750,000,000 shares are designated Class A common stock, 150,000,000 shares are designated Class B common stock, and 150,000,000 shares are designated Class C common stock. Class A common stock receives 1 vote per share, Class B common stock receives 10 votes per share, and Class C common stock has no voting rights except as required by Delaware law. Common stock is not redeemable at the option of the holder.

Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock

All classes of redeemable convertible preferred stock were convertible by the holder into shares of Series A common stock at the then applicable conversion price. In the event of liquidation of the Company (including certain events outside of the Company’s control such as a change in control), the holders of redeemable convertible preferred stock were entitled to a liquidation preference equal to the respective original issue price plus declared and unpaid dividends ahead of the classes of common stock described above. In September 2021, in connection with the Direct Listing, all outstanding shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock were converted to Class A common stock at a 1-to-one ratio. As of June 30, 2022, 50,000,000 preferred shares were authorized and no shares were outstanding.

Stock Repurchases

Plans and Awards

The Company’s eligible employees participate in various stock-based compensation plans, which are provided by the Company directly.

In August 2021, the board of directors approved the 2021 Incentive Award Plan (the “2021 Plan”). The plan became effective on September 28, 2021, the day prior to the Direct Listing of the Company’s Class A common stock, and the Company no longer grants equity awards under any prior equity plan. Upon the 2021 Plan becoming effective, there were 11,076,515 shares of Class A common stock authorized under the 2021 Plan, and the remaining shares available for issuance under the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan, 2011 Stock Plan, 2012 Milestone Stock Plan, and 2019 Founder Stock Plan (collectively, the “Prior Plans” and, collectively with the 2021 Plan, the “Plans”) were also made available for issuance under the 2021 Plan. The shares authorized under the 2021 Plan will increase annually, beginning on January 1, 2022 and continuing through 2031, by the lesser of (i) 5% of the outstanding common stock (on an as converted basis) as of the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year, or (ii) a smaller amount as agreed by the board of directors. Awards granted under the 2021 Plan generally vest over four years. In addition, the shares authorized under the 2021 Plan will increase, among other things, to the extent that an award (including an award under the Prior Plans) terminates, expires, or lapses for any reason or an award is settled in cash without the delivery of shares.

At December 31, 2021, there were 33,677,989 shares of Class A common stock authorized for issuance, of which 11,413,848 shares of Class A common stock remained available for future issuance pursuant to new awards.

In January 2022, the board of directors approved an annual increase of 5,735,463 shares to the shares authorized for issuance under the 2021 Plan, bringing the total to 16,794,213 shares available for future issuance pursuant to new awards as of June 30, 2022.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In August 2021, the board of directors adopted and the stockholders of the Company approved the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”). The ESPP initially reserved and authorized the issuance of up to 2,215,303 shares of Class A common stock, and such reserve will be increased annually on the first day of each fiscal year beginning in

2022 and ending in 2031, by an amount equal to the lesser of (i) 1% of the shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding (on an as converted basis) on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year and (ii) such number of shares of common stock as determined by the board of directors; provided, however, no more than 16,614,772 shares of common stock may be issued under the ESPP. In January 2022, the board of directors approved an annual increase of 1,147,092 shares to the ESPP, bringing the total to 3,362,395 shares authorized as of June 30, 2022. There were 3,244,066 shares available for future issuance pursuant to ESPP purchases as of June 30, 2022.

With the exception of the first offering period, offering periods begin on May 15 and November 15 of each year and consist of four six-month purchase periods. Eligible employees may contribute up to 20% of their base wages and the purchase price of shares of Class A common stock under an offering will be 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of Class A common stock on (i) the offering date, and (ii) the applicable purchase date. If such fair market value decreases from the offering date to the applicable purchase date, the offering period will terminate after the purchase of shares and all participants will be automatically enrolled in the next offering period (a “rollover event”). The initial offering period began on October 30, 2021 and ended on May 14, 2022 after the first purchase was completed as a result of a rollover event.

During both the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, 118,329 shares were purchased under the ESPP. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recognized $0.9 million and $1.5 million of stock-based compensation expense in connection with the ESPP, respectively, and withheld $0.7 million and $1.6 million of contributions from employees, respectively. As of June 30, 2022, total unrecognized compensation costs associated with the ESPP was $4.5 million and is expected to be amortized over a weighted average period of 0.9 years.

Stock-based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 includes $19.3 million and $39.4 million related to the 2021 Founders Grant, as described below, respectively, and $5.4 million and $10.7 million in connection with RSUs, respectively, most of which include a performance-based vesting condition that was satisfied by the Company’s Direct Listing. The three and six months ended June 30, 2021 includes $9.2 million of stock compensation expense related to the 2021 tender offer.

Stock Options

The risk-free interest rates were estimated based on the yield curve in effect at the time of grant for zero-coupon U.S. Treasury notes with terms consistent with the expected term of the option awards. The expected dividend yield was zero as the Company has never declared or paid cash dividends and has no plans to do so in the foreseeable future. The expected term was calculated using the simplified method using the vesting term and the contractual term of the

options. Stock options expire ten years from the date of the grant. The volatility rate was determined based on an analysis of comparable public company historical volatilities adjusted based on the Company’s stage of development.

The total value of unrecognized stock compensation expense related to unvested options granted under the Plans was $8.2 million as of June 30, 2022, and is expected to be recognized over 1.1 years.

Restricted Stock Units and Performance Stock Units

In June 2021, the Company granted 4,397,688 PSUs and 1,884,724 RSUs to the co-CEOs, in the aggregate, under the 2019 Founder Stock Plan (the “Founders Grant”). The PSUs vest upon 2 performance conditions, (i) a qualified public offering, which was satisfied upon the Company’s Direct Listing on September 20, 2021, and (ii) the price of the Company’s Class A common stock reaching stock price hurdles over a period of ten years, as defined by the terms of the award. The PSUs are subject to the co-CEOs’ continued employment with the Company through the applicable vesting date. If the PSUs vest, the Company will deliver 1 share of Class B common stock on the settlement date. Unvested PSUs expire in ten years from the date of grant. The terms of the PSUs granted are described further below.

The Company leases retail, office, optical laboratory, and distribution center space under operating leases from third parties. As of June 30, 2022, the total lease terms of the various leases range from 3 to 18 years. The leases generally contain renewal options and rent escalation clauses, and from time to time include contingent rent provisions. Renewal options are exercisable at the Company’s sole discretion and are included in the lease term if they are reasonably certain to be exercised. In general it is not reasonably certain that lease renewals will be exercised at lease commencement and as such, lease renewals are not included in the lease term. The Company’s finance leases are immaterial.

The following table presents the assets and liabilities related to the Company’s leases:

Variable lease expense primarily consists of contingent rent, common area maintenance charges, property taxes, and other non-fixed lease related costs.

Litigation

August 2022 Restructuring

A pioneer of the direct-to-consumer model, Warby Parker is one of the fastest-growing brands at scale in the United States. We are a mission-driven, lifestyle brand that operates at the intersection of design, technology, healthcare, and social enterprise.

Since day one, our focus on delighting customers and doing good has created a foundation for continuous innovation:

Financial Highlights

For a definition of adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP measure, and a reconciliation to the most directly comparable GAAP measure, see the section titled “Key Business Metrics and Certain Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”

Direct Listing

Impact of COVID-19

The health and safety of our customers and employees remains our top priority, and to that end we will continue to monitor developments related to the COVID-19 pandemic and adjust policies and operations as needed. We have developed procedures to enable us to responsibly and efficiently open or close locations and adjust operations as needed. We have onboarded and continue to onboard new suppliers, as well as enhance inventory planning and monitoring capabilities. We have experienced minimal supply chain disruptions through the first half of 2022 and we expect the actions we have taken will help to mitigate supply chain disruptions in future quarters, although the future trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic is still unknown. The full extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will directly or indirectly impact our business, operations, and financial condition will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain. Given the uncertainty, we cannot estimate the financial impact of the pandemic on our future results of operations, cash flows, or financial condition. For additional details, refer to the risks described in our Annual Report, including those described in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors.”

In addition to the measures presented in our condensed consolidated financial statements, we use the following key business metrics and certain non-GAAP financial measures to evaluate our business, measure our performance, develop financial forecasts, and make strategic decisions. The following table summarizes our key performance indicators and non-GAAP financial measures for each period presented below, which are unaudited.

Active Customers

The number of Active Customers is a key performance measure that we use to assess the reach of our physical retail stores and digital platform as well as our brand awareness. We define an Active Customer as a unique customer that has made at least one purchase in the preceding 12-month period. We determine our number of Active Customers by counting the total number of customers who have made at least one purchase in the preceding 12-month period, measured from the last date of such period. Given our definition of a customer is a unique customer that has made at least one purchase, it can include either an individual person or a household of more than one person utilizing a single account.

Store Count

Store Count is a key performance measure that we use to reach consumers and generate incremental demand for our products. We define Store Count as the total number of retail stores open at the end of a given period. We believe our retail stores embody our brand, drive brand awareness, and serve as efficient customer acquisition vehicles. Our results of operations have been and will continue to be affected by the timing and number of retail stores that we operate.

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin

We define adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) before interest and other income, taxes, and depreciation and amortization as further adjusted for stock-based compensation expense and related employer payroll taxes, non-cash charitable donations, and non-recurring costs such as direct listing or other transaction costs. We define adjusted EBITDA margin as adjusted EBITDA divided by net revenue. We caution investors that amounts presented in accordance with our definitions of adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin may not be comparable to similar measures disclosed by our competitors, because not all companies and analysts calculate adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin in the same manner. We present adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin because we consider these metrics to be important supplemental measures of our performance and believe they are frequently used by securities analysts, investors, and other interested parties in the evaluation of companies in our industry. Management believes that investors’ understanding of our performance is enhanced by including these non-GAAP financial measures as a reasonable basis for comparing our ongoing results of operations.

Management uses adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin:

By providing these non-GAAP financial measures, together with a reconciliation to the most directly comparable GAAP measure, we believe we are enhancing investors’ understanding of our business and our results of operations, as well as assisting investors in evaluating how well we are executing our strategic initiatives. Adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin have limitations as analytical tools, and should not be considered in isolation, or as an alternative to, or a substitute for net loss or other financial statement data presented in our condensed consolidated financial statements as indicators of financial performance. Some of the limitations are:

Due to these limitations, adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin should not be considered as measures of discretionary cash available to us to invest in the growth of our business. We compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on our GAAP results and using these non-GAAP measures only supplementally. Each of the adjustments and other adjustments described in this paragraph and in the reconciliation table below help management with a measure of our core operating performance over time by removing items that are not related to day-to-day operations.

The following table reconciles adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin to the most directly comparable GAAP measure, which is net loss:

The results of operations presented below should be reviewed in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The following tables set forth our results of operations for the periods presented in dollars and as a percentage of net revenue:

Net Revenue

We primarily derive revenue from the sales of eyewear products, optical services, and accessories. We sell products and services through our retail stores, website, and mobile apps. Revenue generated from eyewear products includes the sales of prescription and non-prescription optical glasses and sunglasses, contact lenses, eyewear accessories, and expedited shipping charges, which are charged to the customer, associated with these purchases. Revenue is recognized when the customer takes possession of the product, either at the point of delivery or in-store pickup, and is recorded net of returns and discounts. Revenue generated from services consists of both in-person eye exams in cases where we directly employ the optometrist, and prescriptions issued through the Virtual Vision Test app. Revenue is recognized when the service is rendered and is recorded net of discounts.

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold includes the costs incurred to acquire materials, assemble, and sell our finished products. Such costs include (i) product costs held at the lesser of cost and net realizable value, (ii) freight and import costs, (iii) optical laboratory costs, (iv) customer shipping, (v) occupancy and depreciation costs of retail stores, and (vi) employee-related costs associated with our prescription services and optical laboratories, which includes salaries, benefits, bonuses, and stock-based compensation. We expect our cost of goods sold to fluctuate as a percentage of net revenue primarily due to product mix, customer preferences and resulting demand, customer shipping costs, and management of our inventory and merchandise mix. Cost of goods sold also may change as we open or close retail stores because of the resulting change in related occupancy and depreciation costs. Over time we expect our cost of goods sold to increase with revenue due to an increased number of orders and with the opening of new retail stores driven by the resulting occupancy and depreciation costs and employee-related costs associated with prescription services offerings at our retail stores.

Gross Profit and Gross Margin

We define gross profit as net revenues less cost of goods sold. Gross margin is gross profit expressed as a percentage of net revenues. Our gross margin has remained steady historically, but may fluctuate in the future based on a number of factors, including the cost at which we can obtain, transport, and assemble our inventory, the rate at which we open new retail stores, and how effective we can be at controlling costs, in any given period.

Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general, and administrative expenses, or SG&A, primarily consist of employee-related costs including salaries, benefits, bonuses, and stock-based compensation for our corporate and retail employees, marketing, information technology, credit card processing fees, donations in connection with our Buy a Pair, Give a Pair program, facilities, legal, and other administrative costs associated with operating the business. Marketing costs, which consist of both online and offline advertising, include sponsored search, online advertising, marketing and retail events, and other initiatives. SG&A also includes administrative costs associated with our Home Try-On program, which provides customers the opportunity to sample eyewear at home prior to purchase. SG&A is expensed in the period in which it is incurred. During the second half of 2022 we implemented a headcount reduction in our corporate offices and anticipate executing on certain other cost control actions, including reducing marketing spend and other variable costs. We expect these actions to reduce costs included in SG&A, however, the changing prices of goods and services caused by inflation and other macroeconomic factors may cause unforeseen fluctuations in SG&A expenses.

Interest and Other Income, Net

Interest and other income, net, consists primarily of interest generated from our cash and cash equivalents balances net of interest incurred on borrowings and fees on our undrawn line of credit, and are recognized as incurred. We expect our interest and other income costs to fluctuate based on our future bank balances, credit line utilization, and the interest rate environment.

Provision for Income Taxes

Provision for income taxes consists of income taxes related to foreign and domestic federal and state jurisdictions in which we conduct business, adjusted for allowable credits, deductions, and valuation allowance against deferred tax assets.

Net Revenue

Net revenue increased $18.1 million, or 13.7%, for the three months ended June 30, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021. The growth in net revenue was driven by an increase in orders from our larger Active Customer base, as well as an increase in Average Order Value (“AOV”), which is defined as net revenue for a given period divided by the number of orders during the same period. The increase in AOV was driven primarily by a higher mix of purchases of

glasses with progressive lenses which increased our average price per unit sold, while our average units per order remained stable year-over-year.

Cost of Goods Sold, Gross Profit, and Gross Margin

Cost of goods sold increased by $9.8 million, or 18.3%, for the three months ended June 30, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021, and increased as a percentage of revenue over the same period by 160 basis points, from 40.7% of revenue to 42.3% of revenue. The increase in cost of goods sold was primarily driven by increased product and fulfillment costs associated with the growth in our contact lens offering, as well as an increase in store occupancy, store depreciation, and prescription services expenses due to new retail stores opened in 2022 and a full period of expense from new retail stores opened throughout 2021.

Gross profit, calculated as net revenue less cost of goods sold, increased by $8.3 million, or 10.6%, for the three months ended June 30, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021, primarily due to the increase in net revenue over the same period.

Gross margin, expressed as a percentage and calculated as gross profit divided by net revenue, decreased by 160 basis points for the three months ended June 30, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021. The decrease in gross margin was primarily a result of the sales growth of contact lenses which are sold at a lower margin than our other eyewear, increases in store occupancy costs as a percent of revenue primarily due to increased depreciation and rent charges as we grew our store base from 145 stores as of June 30, 2021 to 178 stores as of June 30, 2022, and increased prescription services costs as the number of stores with optical examination rooms grew. These impacts were partially offset by the growth in sales of higher margin progressive lenses and leverage from the scaling of our in-house optical laboratory network, including our Las Vegas laboratory which opened in the fourth quarter of 2021.

Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses