Remitly Global (RELY) 10-Q2024 Q2 Quarterly report

(Mark One)

OR

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of July 29, 2024, the registrant had 195,136,542 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, outstanding.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including statements regarding future events or our future results of operations, financial condition, business, strategies, financial needs, and the plans and objectives of management, are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “likely,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “would,” or similar expressions and the negatives of those terms. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning the following:

You should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements and you should not rely on forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The results, events, and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur, and actual results, events, or circumstances could differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q speak only as of the date of this report. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements made in this report to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this report or to reflect new information or the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law. If we update one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be drawn that we will make additional updates with respect to those or other forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, including those described in “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for us to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make.

Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “Remitly Global,” “Remitly,” “the Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q refer to Remitly Global, Inc. and our consolidated subsidiaries, taken as a whole.

Remitly Global, Inc. (the “Company” or “Remitly”) was incorporated in the State of Delaware in October 2018 and is headquartered in Seattle, Washington, with various other global office locations. Remitly was founded and incorporated in the State of Delaware in 2011 under the name of Remitly, Inc., which is now a wholly-owned subsidiary of Remitly Global, Inc.

Remitly is a trusted provider of digital financial services that transcend borders. With a global footprint spanning more than 170 countries, Remitly’s digitally native, cross-border payments app delights customers with a fast, reliable, and transparent money movement experience.

Unless otherwise expressly stated or the context otherwise requires, the terms “Remitly” and the “Company” within these notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements refer to Remitly Global, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. The year-end data within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP and therefore the information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the historical audited annual consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, for the year ended December 31, 2023.

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments of a normal recurring nature considered necessary to state fairly the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, comprehensive loss, and cash flows for the interim periods. The interim results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2024, or for any other future annual or interim period.

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Remitly Global, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

The condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared consistently, with the exception of certain prior year amounts which have been reclassified to conform with the current period presentation. Reclassifications include a change in presentation of shares purchased under the ESPP within the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Beginning in the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company changed the presentation of shares purchased under the ESPP to reflect an operating cash outflow for compensation paid to employees and a financing cash inflow for cash paid by employees in exchange for shares. Previously, such activity was treated and disclosed as noncash activity for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The Company has conformed the prior period statement of cash flows to the current period presentation to enhance transparency and provide comparability.

The preparation of the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed within the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates and assumptions include, but are not limited to, revenue recognition including the treatment of sales incentive programs, reserves for transaction losses, stock-based compensation expense, the carrying value of operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities, the recoverability of deferred tax assets, capitalization of software development costs, goodwill, and intangible assets. The key assumptions applied for the value of the intangible assets include revenue growth rates for a hypothetical market participant, selected discount rates, as well as migration curves for developed technology. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on assumptions that management considers reasonable. Actual results could differ from these estimates and assumptions, and these differences could be material to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, disbursement prefunding, restricted cash, and customer funds receivable. The Company maintains cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash balances that may exceed the insured limits by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. In addition, the Company funds its international operations using accounts with institutions in the major countries where its subsidiaries operate. The Company also prefunds amounts which are held by its disbursement partners, which are typically located in India, Mexico, and the Philippines. The Company has not experienced any significant losses on its deposits of cash and cash equivalents, disbursement prefunding, restricted cash, or customer funds receivable in the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, no individual customer represented 10% or more of the Company’s total revenues or the Company’s customer funds receivable.

The Company holds its cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions throughout the world, which management assesses to be of high credit quality. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents, so long as the Company has legal title to such amounts held in these accounts. Amounts that are held in accounts for which the Company does not have legal title to are recorded separately on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, typically as disbursement prefunding balances. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and various deposit accounts, including accounts held in the Company’s name for the benefit of the Company’s customers for which the Company has control.

None.

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-07”), which is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The guidance is to be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting this new guidance to its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-09”), which modifies the rules on income tax disclosures to require entities to disclose (1) specific categories in the rate reconciliation, (2) the income or loss from continuing operations before income tax expense or benefit (separated between domestic and foreign), and (3) income tax expense or benefit from continuing operations (separated by federal, state and foreign). ASU 2023-09 also requires entities to disclose their income tax payments to international, federal, state, and local jurisdictions, among other changes. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. ASU 2023-09 should be applied on a prospective basis, but retrospective application is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting this new guidance to its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

There are other new accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB that the Company has adopted or will adopt, as applicable. The Company does not believe any of these accounting pronouncements have had, or will have, a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

Customers engage the Company to perform one integrated service—collect the customer’s money and deliver funds to the intended recipient in the currency requested. Payment is generally due from the customer upfront upon initiation of a transaction, when the customer simultaneously agrees to the Company’s terms and conditions.

Revenue is derived from each transaction and varies based on the funding method chosen by the customer, the size of the transaction, the currency to be ultimately disbursed, the rate at which the currency was purchased, the disbursement method chosen by the customer, and the country to which the funds are transferred. The Company’s contract with customers can be terminated by the customer without a termination penalty up until the time the funds have been delivered to the intended recipient. Therefore, the Company’s contracts are defined at the transaction level and do not extend beyond the service already provided.

The Company’s service comprises a single performance obligation to complete transactions for the Company’s customers. Using compliance and risk assessment tools, the Company performs a transaction risk assessment on individual transactions to determine whether a transaction should be accepted. When the Company accepts a transaction and processes the designated payment method of the customer, the Company becomes obligated to its customer to complete the payment transaction, at which time a receivable is recorded, along with a corresponding customer liability. None of the Company’s contracts contain a significant financing component.

The deferred revenue balances from contracts with customers were as follows for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:

The following table presents the Company’s sales incentives for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:

The following table presents the Company’s revenue disaggregated by primary geographical location for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, attributed to the country in which the sending customer is located:

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

Depreciation and amortization expense related to property and equipment was $2.7 million and $2.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Depreciation and amortization expense related to property and equipment was $5.2 million and $3.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The following table presents the Company’s capitalized internal-use software, including amortization expense recognized, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:

The following table presents the Company’s capitalized costs related to the implementation of cloud computing arrangements, including amortization expense recognized, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:

The following table presents the Company’s total capitalized cloud computing arrangement costs, net of accumulated amortization, on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

There were no significant acquisitions accounted for as business combinations or divestitures completed in the six months ended June 30, 2024.

The Company completed its acquisition of Rewire (O.S.G.) Research and Development Ltd. (“Rewire”) on January 5, 2023 by acquiring all outstanding equity interests of Rewire in exchange for cash and equity consideration, described below. The acquisition of Rewire allows the Company to accelerate its opportunity to differentiate the remittance experience with complementary products, by bringing together its remittance businesses in new geographies, along with a strong team that is culturally aligned with the Company.

The acquisition date fair value of consideration transferred for the acquisition totaled $77.9 million, as follows:

The fair value of equity was determined based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock immediately prior to acquisition, and includes 694,918 shares issued in Company common stock, inclusive of 104,080 shares which are subject to service-based vesting conditions over a two-year period. Approximately $0.6 million of these proceeds were accounted for as pre-combination expense, and included within the total consideration transferred noted above, with the remaining $0.9 million to be recognized as post-combination share-based compensation expense over the requisite service period. The equity issued excluded 133,309 shares and restricted stock units held back and not legally issued at acquisition date, as further discussed below.

Approximately $11.9 million of the cash and equity proceeds were held back to satisfy any necessary adjustments, including without limitation, indemnification claims related to general representations and warranties, and any net working capital adjustments. As of the acquisition date, the majority of this holdback was expected to be settled in cash, with the remainder in 133,309 shares of Company common stock and restricted stock units. Such amounts were subject to a 15-month holdback period, net of any amounts necessary to satisfy all unsatisfied or disputed claims for indemnification and net working capital adjustments. As of the acquisition date, this represented approximately $10.4 million in cash and $1.5 million in equity, as discussed above, issuable at the end of the holdback period in Company common stock, subject to the aforementioned adjustments. Refer to the discussion below regarding the settlement of the holdback consideration during the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Included in consideration transferred is the settlement of a pre-existing net receivable owed to the Company by Rewire, which was effectively settled and became intercompany arrangements as of the closing of the transaction. Excluding the impact of the outstanding net receivable owed to the Company by Rewire, the Company would have paid $2.4 million more for the business at closing, and therefore the GAAP purchase price reflects an increase in that amount. The settlement of pre-existing relationships between the Company and Rewire did not result in any material gain or loss. The change in the pre-existing receivable to an intercompany receivable has been considered as a noncash activity reflected within the operating activities of the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

In April 2024, the holdback liability discussed above was settled with a cash payment of $10.3 million and with $2.8 million of equity consideration, consisting of 131,507 shares of Company common stock and restricted stock units. The holdback settlement was adjusted for immaterial post-closing net purchase price adjustments identified during the period.

The identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed of Rewire were recorded at their preliminary fair values as of the acquisition date and consolidated with those of the Company. Assigning fair market values to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of an acquisition requires the use of significant judgments regarding estimates and assumptions. The fair values of intangible assets were estimated using inputs classified as Level 3 under the income and cost approaches, including the multi-period excess earnings method for developed technology. The key assumptions in applying the income approach used in valuing the identified intangible assets include revenue growth rates for a hypothetical market participant, selected discount rates, as well as migration curves for developed technology. The following table summarizes the allocation of the purchase consideration to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their acquisition-date fair values:

As of December 31, 2023, the valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed of Rewire was complete.

The excess of the purchase consideration over the fair value of net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired was recorded as goodwill and is primarily attributable to the revenue and cost synergies expected to arise from the acquisition through continued geographic expansion and product differentiation, along with the acquired workforce of Rewire. Goodwill is deductible for income tax purposes. The acquisition did not change the Company’s one operating segment.

There were no transaction costs for the three months ended June 30, 2024. Transaction costs totaled $0.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, which related to the change in the fair value of the holdback liability. Transaction costs totaled $0.3 million and $1.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, which included $0.2 million and $1.0 million, respectively, for the change in the fair value of the holdback liability. Transaction costs are primarily related to the Company’s aforementioned acquisition of Rewire.

The results of operations of Rewire are included within the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss since the date of the acquisition.

The components of intangible assets as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were as follows:

Expected future intangible asset amortization as of June 30, 2024 was as follows:

The carrying values of certain financial instruments, including disbursement prefunding, customer funds receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, customer liabilities, short-term debt, and long-term debt approximate their respective fair values due to their relative short maturities. If these financial instruments were measured at fair value in the financial statements, they would be classified as Level 2.

On September 13, 2021, Remitly Global, Inc. and Remitly, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Remitly Global, Inc., as co-borrowers, entered into a credit agreement (the “2021 Revolving Credit Facility”) with certain lenders and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. acting as administrative agent and collateral agent, that provided for revolving commitments of $250.0 million (including a $60.0 million letter of credit sub-facility) and terminated its then-existing 2020 Credit Agreement.

The 2021 Revolving Credit Facility has a maturity date of September 13, 2026. Borrowings under the 2021 Revolving Credit Facility after the June 26, 2023 amendment accrue interest at a floating rate per annum equal to, at the Company’s option, (1) the Alternate Base Rate (defined in the 2021 Revolving Credit Facility as the rate per annum equal to the highest of (a) the Prime Rate in effect on such day, (b) the NYFRB Rate in effect for such day plus 0.50% and, (c) the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate for an interest period of one month plus 1.00% (subject to a floor of 1.00%) plus 0.50% per annum) or (2) the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate (subject to a floor of 0.00%) plus 1.50% per annum. Such interest is payable (a) with respect to loans bearing interest based on the Alternate Base Rate, the last day of each March, June, September, and December and (b) with respect to loans bearing interest based on the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate, at the end of each applicable interest period, but in no event less frequently than every three months. In addition, an unused commitment fee, which accrues at a rate per annum equal to 0.25% of the unused portion of the revolving commitments, is payable on the last day of each March, June, September, and December.

As part of the acquisition of Rewire, the Company assumed the amounts due on a revolving credit line that Rewire had entered into in 2021 and the amounts due on a bridge loan that Rewire had entered into in 2022. The total outstanding amounts were repaid during the six months ended June 30, 2023, along with certain other acquired indebtedness, subsequent to the Company’s acquisition of Rewire and were included within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as a financing activity.

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods indicated. As the Company reported a net loss, diluted net loss per share was the same as basic net loss per share because the effects of potentially dilutive items were anti-dilutive for all periods presented.

The following potentially dilutive securities were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share calculations for the periods presented because the impact of including them would have been anti-dilutive:

As of June 30, 2024, the Company has authorized 725,000,000 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share. Each holder of a share of common stock is entitled to one vote for each share held at all meetings of stockholders and is entitled to receive dividends whenever funds are legally available and when declared by the Company’s board of directors. No dividends have been declared or paid by the Company during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

The following is a summary of the Company’s stock option activity during the six months ended June 30, 2024:

No stock options were granted during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

The following is a summary of the Company’s stock option activity during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:

Restricted stock unit activity during the six months ended June 30, 2024 was as follows:

The following is a summary of the Company’s restricted stock unit activity during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:

The offering period that commenced on September 1, 2023 ended on February 29, 2024, due to a decline in the Company’s stock price at the end of the purchase period, triggering a new offering period, as required by the ESPP plan documents. A new 24-month offering period commenced on March 1, 2024. This event, inclusive of the impact of employees who elected to increase their withholding percentages, was accounted for as a modification under GAAP in the first quarter of 2024, whereby the fair value of the ESPP offering was measured immediately before and after modification, resulting in incremental stock-based compensation expense of $1.7 million, which is being recognized over the new offering period, which is deemed to be the requisite service period. A new subsequent 24-month offering period commences on March 1 and September 1 of each fiscal year.

The fair value of the ESPP offerings, including those described above, were estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model as of the respective offering dates, using the following assumptions. These assumptions represent the grant date fair value inputs for new offerings which commenced during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, as well as updated valuation information as of the modification date for any offerings for which a modification occurred during the periods presented herein:

As of June 30, 2024, the total unamortized compensation cost related to all non-vested equity awards, including options and RSUs, was $349.0 million, which will be amortized over a weighted-average remaining requisite service period of approximately 2.7 years. As of June 30, 2024, the total unrecognized compensation expense related to the ESPP was $7.5 million, which is expected to be amortized over the next 1.7 years.

The Company incurred no charges and $0.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. There were no charges incurred related to restructuring initiatives for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.

The Company computes its tax provision for interim periods by applying the estimated annual effective tax rate to year-to-date income from recurring operations and adjusting for discrete items arising in that quarter.

The Company maintains a full valuation allowance against the U.S. net deferred tax assets, as it believes that these deferred tax assets do not meet the more likely than not threshold.

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, various state jurisdictions, and internationally. As of June 30, 2024, tax years 2012 through 2023 remain open for examination by taxing authorities.

In the ordinary course of business to facilitate sales of its services, the Company has entered into agreements with, among others, suppliers and partners that include guarantees or indemnity provisions. The Company also enters into indemnification agreements with its officers and directors, and the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws include similar indemnification obligations to its officers and directors. To date, there have been no claims under any indemnification provisions; therefore, no such amounts have been accrued as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

From time to time, the Company may be a party to litigation and subject to claims incident to the ordinary course of business, including intellectual property claims, labor and employment claims, threatened claims, breach of contract claims, and other matters. The Company accrues estimates for resolution of legal and other contingencies when losses are probable, as defined under GAAP, and estimable. Although the results of litigation and claims are inherently unpredictable, the Company does not believe that there was a reasonable possibility that it had incurred a material loss with respect to such loss contingencies as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

The Company is subject to indirect taxation in various states and foreign jurisdictions in which it conducts business. The Company continually evaluates those jurisdictions in which indirect tax obligations exist to determine whether a loss is probable, as defined under GAAP, and the amount can be estimated. Determination of whether a loss is probable, and an estimate can be made, is a complex undertaking and takes into account the judgment of management, third-party research, and the potential outcome of negotiation and interpretations by regulators and courts, among other information. Such assessments include consideration of management’s evaluation of domestic and international tax laws and regulations, external legal advice, and the extent to which they may apply to the Company’s business and industry. The Company’s assessment of probability includes consideration of recent inquiries with, or actions taken, by regulators and courts, potential or actual self-disclosure, and applicability of tax rules and the Company will continue to evaluate the accounting and disclosure of any related contingencies as they arise.

Although the Company believes its indirect tax estimates and associated liabilities are reasonable, the final determination of indirect tax audits or settlements could be materially different than the amounts recorded.

In June 2024, the Company entered into an agreement to lease certain office space in Seattle, Washington, for the use of its corporate headquarters office. The lease payment term begins on July 1, 2025 for a period of seven years with optional renewal periods available. The total contractual commitment related to this lease, including contractual lease increases, is approximately $22.9 million, exclusive of variable maintenance and operating expenses under the lease agreement. Leasehold improvements within the office space will be constructed under the Company’s direction, and the Company will be entitled to an allowance for a substantial portion of the improvements.

The Company will recognize the related right-of-use asset and operating lease liability on its balance sheet when it gains control of the leased office space.

The table below summarizes the Company’s reserve for transaction losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following:

The supplemental disclosures of cash flow information consisted of the following:

Remitly is a trusted provider of digital financial services that transcend borders. With a global footprint spanning more than 170 countries, Remitly’s digitally native, cross-border payments app delights customers with a fast, reliable, and transparent money movement experience. Building on its strong foundation, Remitly is expanding its suite of products to further its vision and transform lives around the world.

Our brand promise is to bring “peace of mind” into everything we do. We focus on bringing trust, reliability, and a fair and transparent price to cross-border remittances and complementary financial services.

To deliver on our brand promise, we have a differentiated approach that aligns with the specific needs and interests of our customers who are sending money across borders and solves the problems they often face. There are four core elements to our differentiated approach:

For our remittance business, which represents substantially all of our revenue today, we generate revenue from transaction fees charged to customers and foreign exchange spreads applied to the amount the customer is sending.

Transaction fees vary based on the corridor, the currency in which funds are delivered to the recipient, the funding method a customer chooses (e.g., ACH, credit card, debit card, etc.), the disbursement method a customer chooses (e.g., bank deposit, mobile wallet, cash pick-up, etc.), and the amount the customer is sending.

Foreign exchange spreads represent the difference between the foreign exchange rate offered to customers and the foreign exchange rate on our currency purchases. They are an output of proprietary and dynamic models that are designed to provide fair and competitive rates to our customers, while generating a spread based on our ability to buy foreign currency at generally advantageous rates.

Revenue from transaction fees and foreign exchange spreads is reduced by customer promotions. For example, we may, from time to time, waive transaction fees for first-time customers, or provide customers with better foreign exchange rates on their first transaction. These incentives are accounted for as reductions to revenue, up to the point where net historical cumulative revenue, at the customer level, is reduced to zero. We consider these incentives to be an investment in our long-term relationship with customers.

We regularly review the following key business metrics to evaluate our performance, identify trends affecting our business, prepare financial projections, and make strategic decisions. We believe that these key business metrics provide meaningful supplemental information for management and investors in assessing our historical and future operating performance. The calculation of these key business metrics discussed below may differ from other similarly titled metrics used by other companies, analysts, or investors. The key business metrics that we use to measure the performance of our business are defined as follows:

We believe that the number of our active customers is an important indicator of customer engagement, customer retention, and the overall growth of our business.

Active customers increased to approximately 6.9 million, or 36% growth, for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023. This increase was primarily due to an increase in the number of new customers, driven by investments in our mobile platform and efficient marketing spend, our focus on customer experience and how we serve our customers, expansion of our global disbursement network, and the continued diversification across both send and receive countries. While we continue to see strong results in our largest existing receive countries (India, Mexico, and the Philippines), our successful diversification of our corridor portfolio across both send and receive countries has contributed to new customer growth.

We measure send volume to assess the scale of remittances sent using our platform. Our customers mostly send from the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and other countries in Europe. Our customers and their recipients are located in over 170 countries and territories across the globe; the largest receive countries by send volume include India, Mexico, and the Philippines.

Send volume increased 38% to $13.2 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $9.6 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2023, driven by the increase in active customers.

Send volume increased 36%, to $24.7 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $18.1 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2023, driven by the increase in active customers.

Our send volume is primarily driven by existing customers who regularly use our remittance product to send money to family and friends. We believe our mobile-first products and superior customer experience encourage high retention and repeat usage, which are significant though not the only drivers of our performance.

We measure active customers to monitor the growth and performance of our customer base. The majority of our active customers send money for recurring, non-discretionary needs multiple times per month, providing a recurring revenue stream with high predictability and durability.

Our continued ability to attract new customers to our platform is a key driver for our long-term growth. We continue to expand our customer base by launching new send and receive corridors, by continuing to innovate on existing and new products, and by providing the most trusted financial services for customers with cross-border financial needs. We plan to continue to acquire new customers through digital marketing channels and word-of-mouth referrals from existing customers, and by exploring new customer acquisition channels. Given the nature of our business, new customer acquisition marketing investments may negatively impact net loss and Adjusted EBITDA in the quarter they are acquired, but are expected to favorably impact net loss and Adjusted EBITDA in subsequent periods.

Our business is global and certain attributes of our business vary by corridor, such as send amount, customer funding sources, and transaction frequency. For example, a period of high growth in receive corridors with large average send amounts, such as India, could disproportionately impact send volume while impacting active customers to a lesser extent. While shifts in our corridor mix could impact the trends in our global business, including send volume and customer economics, we have the ability to optimize these corridors over the long term based on their specific dynamics.

Our operating results and metrics are subject to seasonality, which may result in fluctuations in our quarterly revenues and operating results. For example, active customers and send volume generally peak as customers send gifts for regional and global holidays including, most notably, in the fourth quarter around the Christmas holiday. This seasonality typically drives higher fourth quarter customer acquisition, which generally results in higher fourth quarter marketing costs and transaction losses. It also results in higher transactions and transaction expenses, along with higher working capital needs. Other periods of favorable seasonality include Ramadan/Eid, Lunar New Year/Tết, and Mother’s Day, although the impact is generally lower than the seasonality we see in the fourth quarter and the timing of some of these holidays varies from year to year. Conversely, we typically observe lower customer acquisition and existing customer activity through most of the first quarter, especially in regions that experience favorable seasonality in the fourth quarter. Following the fourth quarter, typically the second quarter is seasonally the next strongest quarter from an existing customer activity perspective, however customer activity and the impact on financial results can vary across quarters based on the timing of holidays and other geographic drivers. Additionally, the number of business days in a quarter and the day of the week that the last day of the quarter falls on may also introduce variability in our results, working capital balances, or cash flows period over period.

We will continue to invest significant resources in our technology platform. These investments will allow us to introduce new and innovative products, add features to current products, enhance the customer and recipient experience, grow our payment and disbursement network, invest in our risk and security infrastructure, and continue to secure data in accordance with evolving best practices and legal requirements. While we expect our expenses related to technology and development to increase, which may impact short-term profitability, we believe these investments will ultimately contribute to our long-term growth.

We manage fraud (e.g., through identity theft) and other illegitimate activity (e.g., money laundering) by utilizing our proprietary risk models, which include machine learning processes, early warning systems, bespoke rules, and manual investigation processes. Our models and processes enable us to identify and address complex and evolving risks in these unwanted activities, while maintaining a differentiated customer experience. In addition, we integrate historical fraud loss data and other transaction data into our risk models, which helps us identify emerging patterns and quantify fraud and compliance risks across all aspects of our customer interactions. These models and processes allow us to achieve and maintain fraud loss rates within desired guardrails, as well as tune our risk models to target other illegitimate activity.

Our revenue is generated on transaction fees charged to customers and foreign exchange spreads between the foreign exchange rate offered to customers and the foreign exchange rate on our currency purchases. Revenue is recognized, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for services provided, when control of these services is transferred to our customers, which is the time the funds have been delivered to the intended recipient.

Customer support and operations expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses associated with our customer support and operations organization, including salaries, benefits, and stock-based compensation expense, as well as third-party costs for customer support services, and travel and related office expenses. This includes our customer service teams which directly support our customers, consisting of online support and call centers, and other costs incurred to support our customers, including related telephony costs to support these teams, customer protection and risk teams, investments in tools to effectively service our customers, and increased customer self-service capabilities. Customer support and operations expenses also include corporate communication costs and professional services fees.

Marketing expenses consist primarily of advertising costs used to attract new customers, including branding-related expenses. Marketing expenses also include personnel-related expenses associated with marketing organization staff, including salaries, benefits, and stock-based compensation expense, promotions, costs for software subscription services dedicated for use by marketing functions, and outside services contracted for marketing purposes.

We believe delivering new functionality and improving existing technology is critical to attract new customers and expand our relationship with existing customers. We expect to continue to make investments to expand our solutions in order to enhance our customers’ experience and satisfaction, and to attract new customers.

Depreciation and amortization expense includes depreciation on property and equipment and leasehold improvements, as well as the amortization of internal-use software costs and amortization of intangible assets.

Interest income consists primarily of interest income earned on our cash and cash equivalents.

Interest expense consists primarily of the interest expense on our borrowings.

Other income (expense), net, primarily includes foreign currency exchange gains and losses due to remeasurement of certain foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities.

Provision for income taxes consists primarily of income taxes in certain foreign jurisdictions in which we conduct business and state income taxes in the United States. We maintain a full valuation allowance for U.S. deferred tax assets, which includes net operating loss carryforwards. We expect to maintain this full valuation allowance in the U.S. for the foreseeable future as it is more likely than not that the assets will not be realized based on our history of losses.