Sky Harbour (SKYH) 10-Q2023 Q3 Quarterly report

SKY HARBOUR GROUP CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share data)

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

SKY HARBOUR GROUP CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

SKY HARBOUR GROUP CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

SKY HARBOUR GROUP CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

SKY HARBOUR GROUP CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

SKY HARBOUR GROUP CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2023

(in thousands, except share data)

Sky Harbour Group Corporation (“SHG”) is a holding company organized under the laws of the State of Delaware and, through its main operating subsidiary, Sky Harbour LLC and its subsidiaries (collectively, “Sky”), is an aviation infrastructure development company that develops, leases and manages general aviation hangars for business aircraft across the United States. Sky Harbour Group Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries are collectively referred to as the “Company.”

The Company is organized as an umbrella partnership-C corporation, or “Up-C”, structure in which substantially all of the operating assets of the Company are held by Sky and SHG’s only substantive assets are its equity interests in Sky (the “Sky Common Units”). As of September 30, 2023, SHG owned approximately 26.2% of the Sky Common Units and the prior holders of Sky Common Units (the “LLC Interests”) owned approximately 73.8% of the Sky Common Units and control the Company through their ownership of the Company's Class B Common Stock, $0.0001 par value (“Class B Common Stock”).

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements and the related notes (the “Financial Statements”) have been prepared in conformity with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) requirements for quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and consequently exclude certain disclosures normally included in audited consolidated financial statements prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).These Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, which includes additional disclosures and a summary of the Company's significant accounting policies. In the Company’s opinion, these Financial Statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring items, considered necessary by management to fairly state the Company’s results of operation, financial position, and cash flows.

Certain historical amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Such estimates include assumptions used within impairment analyses, estimated useful lives of depreciable assets and amortizable costs, estimates of inputs utilized in determining the fair value of financial instruments such as warrants, estimates and assumptions related to right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities, and estimates and assumptions used in the determination of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the business combination. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Risks and Uncertainties

The Company’s operations have been limited to-date. For most of its history, the Company has been engaged in securing access to land through ground leases and developing and constructing aviation hangars. The major risks faced by the Company is its future ability to obtain additional tenants for the facilities that it constructs, and to contract with such tenants for rental income in an amount that is sufficient to meet the Company’s financial obligations, including increasing construction costs due to inflation and increased borrowing costs to the extent that the Company incurs additional indebtedness.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As a result of ongoing construction projects and business development activities, including the development of aircraft hangars and the leasing of available hangar space, the Company has incurred recurring losses and negative cash flows from operating activities since its inception. The Company expects to continue to invest in such activities and generate operating losses in the near future.

The Company obtained long-term financing through bond and equity offerings to fund its construction, lease, and operational commitments, and believes its liquidity is sufficient to allow continued operations for more than one year after the date these financial statements are issued.

Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Consolidation

SHG is deemed to have a controlling interest of Sky through its appointment as the Managing Member of Sky, in which SHG has control over the affairs and decision-making of Sky. The interests in Sky not owned by the Company are presented as non-controlling interests. Sky’s ownership percentage in each of its consolidated subsidiaries is 100%, unless otherwise disclosed. There are no unconsolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”) in which Sky is considered to be the primary beneficiary.

Cost of Construction

Cost of construction on the consolidated balance sheets is carried at cost. The cost of acquiring an asset includes the costs necessary to bring a capital project to the condition necessary for its intended use. Costs are capitalized once the construction of a specific capital project is probable. Construction labor and other direct costs of construction are capitalized. Professional fees for engineering, procurement, consulting, and other soft costs that are directly identifiable with the project and are considered an incremental direct cost are capitalized. Activities associated with internally manufactured hangar buildings, including materials, direct manufacturing labor, and manufacturing overhead directly identifiable with such activities are allocated to our construction projects and capitalized. The Company allocates a portion of its internal salaries to both capitalized cost of construction and to general and administrative expense based on the percentage of time certain employees worked in the related areas. Interest, net of the amortization of debt issuance costs and premiums, and net of interest income earned on bond proceeds, is also capitalized until the capital project is completed.

Once a capital project is complete, the Company begins to depreciate the constructed asset on a straight-line basis over the lesser of the life of the asset or the remaining term of the related ground lease, including expected renewal terms. 

Leases

The Company accounts for leases under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 842, Leases. The Company determines whether a contract contains a lease at the inception of the contract. ASC Topic 842 requires lessees to recognize lease liabilities and right-of-use (“ROU”) assets for all operating leases with terms of more than 12 months on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company has made an accounting policy election to not recognize leases with an initial term of 12 months or less on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and will result in recognizing those lease payments in the consolidated statements of operations on a straight-line basis over the lease term. When management determines that it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise its options to renew the leases, the renewal terms are included in the lease term and the resulting ROU asset and lease liability balances.

The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components; the Company has elected the accounting policy to not separate lease and non-lease components for all underlying asset classes. The Company has not elected to capitalize any interest cost that is implicit within its operating leases into cost of construction on the consolidated balance sheet, but instead, expenses its ground lease cost as a component of operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

Warrants liability

On January 25, 2022 (the "Closing Date") we completed the transactions (the "Yellowstone Transaction") contemplated by the Equity Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 1, 2021 (the “Equity Purchase Agreement”), between SHG's legal predecessor, Yellowstone Acquisition Company (“Yellowstone”), and Sky. The Company accounts for the warrants assumed in the Yellowstone Transaction (see Note 9 — Warrants) in accordance with the guidance contained in ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”), under which warrants that do not meet the criteria for equity classification and must be recorded as derivative liabilities. Accordingly, the Company classifies the warrants as liabilities carried at their fair value and adjusts the warrants to fair value at each reporting period. This liability is subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date until the warrants are exercised or expire, and any change in fair value is recognized in the consolidated statement of operations.

Revenue recognition

The Company leases the hangar facilities that it constructs to third parties. The lease agreements are either on a month-to-month basis or have a defined term and may have options to extend the term. Some of the leases contain options to terminate the lease by either party with given notice. There are no options given to the lessee to purchase the underlying assets. Rental revenue is recognized in accordance with ASC Topic 842, Leases (see Note 7 — Leases) and includes fixed payments of cash rents, which represents revenue each tenant pays in accordance with the terms of its respective lease and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Rental revenue and the corresponding rent and other receivables are recorded net of any concessions and uncollectible tenant receivables for all periods presented. The Company evaluates the collectability of tenant receivables for payments required under the lease agreements. If the Company determines that collectability is not probable, the Company recognizes any difference between revenue amounts recognized to date under ASC 842 and payments that have been collected from the lessee, including any additional rent or lease termination fees, as a current period adjustment to rental revenue.

Variable lease payments consist of tenant reimbursements for common area maintenance, utilities, and operating expenses of the property, and various other fees, including fees associated with the delivery of aircraft fuel, late fees, and lease termination fees. Variable lease payments are charged based on the terms and conditions included in the respective tenant leases and are recognized in the same period as the expenses are incurred. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, rental revenue includes $920 and $1,224 of variable lease payments, respectively. Variable lease revenue recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 included a negotiated lease termination fee received from a tenant of two hangars at OPF (as defined in Note 4 — Cost of Construction and Constructed Assets) whereby the Company agreed to release the tenant from its lease obligations in exchange for approximately 8.5 months of additional rent. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, rental revenue includes $28 and $96 of variable lease payments, respectively.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the deferred rent receivable included in prepaid expenses and other assets was $304 and $83, respectively. Rent received in advance represents tenant payments received prior to the contractual due date, and is included in accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities. Rent received in advance consisted of $175 and $95 as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 there were two tenants that individually accounted for more than 10% of the Company's revenue. The Company derived approximately 46% and 38% of its revenue from two tenants for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company derived approximately 82% and 87% of its revenue from two tenants, respectively.

Income Taxes

SHG is classified as a corporation for Federal income tax purposes and is subject to U.S. Federal and state income taxes. SHG includes in income, for U.S. Federal income tax purposes, its allocable portion of income from the “pass-through” entities in which it holds an interest, including Sky. The “pass-through” entities, are not subject to U.S. Federal and certain state income taxes at the entity level, and instead, the tax liabilities with respect to taxable income are passed through to the members, including SHG. As a result, prior to the Yellowstone Transaction, Sky was not subject to U.S. Federal and certain state income taxes at the entity level.

The Company follows the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. This method gives consideration to the future tax consequences associated with the differences between the financial accounting and tax basis of the assets and liabilities as well as the ultimate realization of any deferred tax asset resulting from such differences, as well as from net operating losses and other tax-basis carryforwards. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. When a valuation allowance is increased or decreased, a corresponding tax expense or benefit is recorded.

The Company recorded income tax expense of $0 and the effective tax rate was 0.0% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. The effective income tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 differs from the federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to a full valuation allowance against net deferred tax assets as it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized due to the cumulative losses sustained by the Company to date.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Credit Losses (Topic 326)

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). Subsequent to the issuance of ASU 2016-13, the FASB clarified the guidance through several ASUs. The collective new guidance (ASC 326) generally requires that credit losses be reported using an expected losses model rather than the incurred losses model that is currently used and establishes additional disclosures related to credit risks. The Company adopted this guidance using the modified retrospective method in the first quarter of fiscal year 2023. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Investments of the Company's cash in various U.S. Treasury securities have been classified as available-for-sale and are carried at estimated fair value utilizing Level 1 inputs as determined based upon quoted market prices.

Pursuant to provisions within the Master Indenture of the Series 2021 Bonds, as defined in Note 8 — Bonds payable, loans payable, and interest, the Company invests the funds held in the restricted trust bank accounts in various U.S. Treasury securities. Therefore, such investments are reported as “Restricted investments” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Unrealized losses on certain of the Company's investments and restricted investments are primarily attributable to changes in interest rates. The Company does not believe the unrealized losses represent impairments because the unrealized losses are due to general market factors. The Company has not recognized an allowance for expected credit losses related to its investments or restricted investments as the Company has not identified any unrealized losses attributable to credit factors during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. The held-to-maturity restricted investments are carried on the consolidated balance sheet at amortized cost. As of September 30, 2023, the Company has the ability and intent to hold these restricted investments until maturity, and as a result, the Company would not expect the value of these investments to decline significantly due to a sudden change in market interest rates. The fair value of the Company’s restricted investments is estimated utilizing Level 1 inputs including prices for U.S. Treasury securities with comparable maturities on active markets.

The following tables are summaries of the amortized cost, unrealized gains, unrealized losses, and fair value by investment type as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

The following table sets forth the maturity profile of the Company's investments and restricted investments as of September 30, 2023:

The Company’s portfolio as of September 30, 2023 includes the following completed and in-development projects:

Constructed assets, net, and cost of construction, consists of the following:

Depreciation expense for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 totaled $449 and $135, respectively. Depreciation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 totaled $1,289 and $409, respectively.

Long-lived assets, net, consists of the following:

Depreciation expense for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 totaled $221 and $13, respectively. Depreciation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 totaled $361 and $38 respectively. Capitalized depreciation of long-lived assets included in cost of construction totaled $59 and $178 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, long-lived assets included approximately $435 and $650, respectively, of purchase deposits towards long-lived assets which are not being depreciated as the assets have not been placed into service.

Rapidbuilt Acquisition

On May 12, 2023 (the “Option Exercise Date”), Sky exercised its option to acquire a 51% equity interest in Overflow Ltd., a Texas limited partnership (“Overflow”), and its wholly-owned operating subsidiary, Rapidbuilt, Inc., a Texas corporation (“Rapidbuilt”), for nominal consideration (the “Rapidbuilt Acquisition”). As a result of the Rapidbuilt Acquisition, Weatherford Steel Buildings Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and wholly-owned subsidiary of Sky (“WSBH”), owns a 50% limited partnership interest in Overflow, and Weatherford Steel Buildings GP LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and wholly-owned subsidiary of Sky (“WSB GP”), owns a 1% general partnership interest in Overflow. 

Rapidbuilt is a manufacturer of pre-engineered steel buildings that previously entered into a supplier arrangement with Sky. Rapidbuilt and Sky’s strategic partnership has resulted in a standard set of proprietary prototype hangar designs, which are intended to deliver high-quality business aviation facilities, lower construction costs, minimize development risk, expedite permit issuance, and facilitate the implementation of refinements across Sky’s portfolio. The Company had pre-existing relationships with Rapidbuilt through a vendor agreement entered into in July 2022 to acquire construction materials related to the Company's development projects (the "Rapidbuilt Vendor Agreement") and a revolving line of credit loan and security agreement (the "Rapidbuilt Loan Agreement") to fund the working capital requirement of Rapidbuilt. These pre-existing relationships were effectively settled in the acquisition and the net receivable balance of $44 is included within the consideration transferred. No gain or loss was recognized in the effective settlement of the Rapidbuilt Vendor Agreement and the Rapidbuilt Loan Agreement.

The total cash purchase consideration was nominal. The Company accounted for the acquisition using the acquisition method of accounting, whereby the total purchase price was allocated to assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on respective estimated fair values. The estimated fair values of the acquired assets and assume liabilities are based on preliminary calculations and subject to further refinement and may require adjustments to arrive at the final purchase price accounting. The Company expects the final purchase price allocation to be completed in a period of time that will not exceed one year from the Option Exercise Date. There can be no assurance that such finalization will not result in material changes from the preliminary purchase price allocation.

The following tables summarize the preliminary allocation of the purchase price to the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the Rapidbuilt Acquisition:

Substantially all of Overflow and Rapidbuilt's activities relate to the manufacturing of pre-engineering hangar structures for Sky's hangar development projects. As such, the pro-forma effect of this acquisition on revenues and earnings was not material. The transaction costs associated with the acquisition were immaterial for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities

Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities, consists of the following:

Supplemental Cash Flow Information

The following table summarizes non-cash investing and financing activities:

The following table summarizes non-cash activities associated with the Company’s operating leases:

The following table summarizes interest paid:

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets to the total shown within the consolidated statements of cash flows:

Lessee

All of the Company’s ground leases at airports are classified as operating leases under ASC Topic 842. Management has determined that it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise its options to renew the leases, and therefore the renewal options are included in the lease term and the resulting ROU asset and operating lease liability balances. As the Company’s lease agreements do not provide a readily determinable implicit rate, nor is the rate available to the Company from its lessors, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate to determine the present value of the lease payments.

The Company’s lease population does not include any residual value guarantees. The Company has operating leases that contain variable payments, most commonly in the form of common area maintenance and operating expense charges, which are based on actual costs incurred. These variable payments were excluded from the calculation of the ROU asset and operating lease liability balances since they are not fixed or in-substance fixed payments. These variable payments were not material in amount for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. Some of the leases contain covenants that require the Company to construct the hangar facilities on the leased grounds within a certain period and spend a set minimum dollar amount. For one of the leases, the shortfall (if any) must be paid to the lessor. See Note 14 — Commitments and Contingencies.

The Company’s ground leases have remaining terms ranging between 25 to 73 years, including options for the Company to extend the terms. These leases expire between 2049 and 2097, which include all lease extension options available to the Company. Certain of the Company's ground leases contain options to lease additional parcels of land at the Company's option within a specified period of time.

In January 2023, the Company executed a lease amendment with the Town of Addison, Texas, to add two additional parcels of land (the "ADS Expansion Parcels") to the existing lease at ADS (the "ADS Lease"). The land associated with the ADS Expansion Parcels became available for possession in June 2023 for one parcel, and is expected to become available for possession in July 2024 for the other. The lease term for the ADS Expansion Parcels will be 40 years from the completion of construction for each respective parcel, and will effectively extend the term of the existing ADS Lease to be co-terminus with the ADS Expansion Parcels. The ADS Lease and the ADS Expansion Parcels contain no additional extension options as the lease term is the maximum allowable term permitted by the Town of Addison.

In addition to the Company’s ground leases, the company has operating leases for office space and ground support vehicles, and finance leases for vehicles supporting operations at Rapidbuilt.

Supplemental consolidated cash flow information related to the Company’s leases was as follows: 

Supplemental consolidated balance sheet information related to the Company’s leases was as follows: 

The Company’s future minimum lease payments required under leases as of September 30, 2023 were as follows: 

Lessor

The Company leases the hangar facilities that it constructs to third-party tenants. These leases have been classified as operating leases. The Company does not have any leases classified as sales-type or direct financing leases. Lease agreements with tenants are either on a month-to-month basis or have a defined term with an option to extend the term. The defined term leases vary in length from one to ten years with options to renew for additional term(s) given to the lessee. There are no options given to the lessee to purchase the underlying assets.

The leases may contain variable fees, most commonly in the form of tenant reimbursements, which are recoveries of the common area maintenance and operating expenses of the property and are recognized as income in the same period as the expenses are incurred. The leases did not have any initial direct costs. The leases do not contain any restrictions or covenants to incur additional financial obligations by the lessee.

Tenant leases to which the Company is the lessor require the following non-cancelable future minimum lease payments from tenants as of September 30, 2023:

Bonds payable

On May 20, 2021, Sky formed a new wholly-owned subsidiary, Sky Harbour Capital LLC (“SHC”), as a parent corporation to its wholly-owned subsidiaries that operate each of the aircraft hangar development sites under its ground leases. SHC and these subsidiaries form an Obligated Group (the “Obligated Group” or the “Borrowers”) under a series of bonds that were issued in September 2021 with a principal amount of $166.3 million (the “Series 2021 Bonds”). The members of the Obligated Group are jointly and severally liable under the Series 2021 Bonds. SHG and its other subsidiaries are not members of the Obligated Group and have no obligation to repay the bonds.

The Series 2021 Bonds are payable pursuant to a loan agreement dated September 1, 2021 between the Public Finance Authority (of Wisconsin) and the Borrowers. The payments by the Borrowers under the loan agreement are secured by a Senior Master Indenture Promissory Note, Series 2021-1 issued by the Obligated Group under an indenture (the “Master Indenture”). The obligations of the Borrowers are collateralized by certain leasehold and subleasehold deeds of trust or mortgages on the Borrowers’ interests in the development sites and facilities being constructed at each airport where the Borrowers hold ground leases. In addition, the Borrowers have assigned, pledged and granted a first priority security interest in all funds held under the Master Indenture and all right, title and interest in the gross revenues of the Borrowers. Furthermore, Sky, Sky Harbour Holdings LLC and SHC have each pledged as collateral its respective ownership interest in any of the Borrowers.

The Series 2021 Bonds have principal amounts, interest rates, and maturity dates as follow: $21.1 million bearing interest at 4.00%, due July 1, 2036; $30.4 million bearing interest at 4.00%, due July 1, 2041; and $114.8 million bearing interest at 4.25%, due July 1, 2054. The Series 2021 Bond that has a maturity date of July 1, 2036 was issued at a premium, and the Company received bond proceeds that were $0.2 million above its face value. The bond premium is being amortized as a reduction of interest expense over the life of the bond. Interest is payable on each January 1 and July 1, commencing January 1, 2022. Principal repayments due under the Series 2021 Bonds are paid annually, commencing July 1, 2032.

On March 22, 2023, SHC elected to modify the scope of the Series 2021 Bonds pursuant to the terms of the Master Indenture, in order to reallocate a portion of the proceeds of the Series 2021 Bonds to its project site located at ADS (the “ADS Project”) . In connection with the election to modify the scope of the Series 2021 PABs to include the ADS Project, (i) Addison Hangars LLC (“Sky Harbour Addison”) and OPF Hangars Landlord LLC (“OPF Hangars”) joined as members of the Obligated Group, (ii) Sky Harbour Holdings LLC contributed its membership interest in OPF Hangars to SHC, (iii) SHC pledged its equity interest in each of Sky Harbour Addison and OPF Hangars to the Master Trustee as security for the obligations under the Series 2021 Bonds, (iv) Sky Harbour Addison granted to the Master Trustee a mortgage on its leasehold interest in the real property comprising the ADS Project, (v) OPF Hangars granted the Master Trustee a mortgage on its leasehold interest in the real estate comprising the project located in Opa Locka, Florida, and (vi) Sky Harbour Services LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, has agreed to waive all management fees and development fees during the construction period of the projects associated with the Series 2021 Bonds.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair value of the Company’s Series 2021-1 Bonds was approximately $117.3 million and $119.5 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair value of the Company’s bonds is estimated utilizing Level 2 inputs including prices for the bonds on inactive markets.

The following table summarizes the Company’s Bonds payable as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

Rapidbuilt Loan and Guaranty Agreement

In connection with the Rapidbuilt Acquisition, Sky and Vista Bank (the “Lender”) entered into a consent, waiver, and second amendment (the “Loan Amendment”) and a guaranty agreement (the “Guaranty Agreement”) associated with the senior loan agreement between Overflow and Rapidbuilt (collectively, the “Rapidbuilt Borrowers”), and the Lender (the “Rapidbuilt Loan”). Pursuant to the Loan Amendment, (i) the Lender consented to the change in control with respect to the Rapidbuilt Borrowers; (ii) the Lender waived any pre-existing events of default on the part of the Rapidbuilt Borrowers; (iii) the Lender agreed to release certain borrowed funds held in reserve, subject to specified terms and conditions; and (iv) the Rapidbuilt Borrowers agreed to certain reserve enhancement obligations, including the ability to repay principal early at the sole discretion of the Rapidbuilt Borrowers. Pursuant to the Guaranty Agreement, all of the Rapidbuilt Borrowers’ obligations under the Rapidbuilt Loan will be guaranteed by Sky.

The Rapidbuilt Loan was originated in December 2020 between the Borrowers and the Lender and had approximately $10.3 million outstanding as of the Option Exercise Date. The Rapidbuilt Loan accrues interest at a per annum rate equal to 3.00% above the three-month secured overnight financing rate published for first day of each calendar quarter by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The weighted-average interest rate was 8.53% and 8.44% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. Interest is payable on a monthly basis, and the Rapidbuilt Borrowers agreed to make certain reserve enhancement payments on January 1, April 1, July 1, and October 1 of each calendar year. The maturity date of the Rapidbuilt Loan is December 1, 2025. The Rapidbuilt Loan is secured by the accounts, intellectual property, equipment, inventory, vehicles, and property of the Rapidbuilt Borrowers, and contains customary affirmative and negative covenants.

Interest

The following table sets forth the details of interest expense:

SHG's legal predecessor, Yellowstone, issued to third-party investors 6,799,439 warrants which entitled the holder to purchase one share of Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share (the “Public Warrants”) as part of Yellowstone’s initial public offering. Yellowstone. In addition, Yellowstone sold 7,719,779 private placement warrants (the “Private Placement Warrants”, and together with the Public Warrants, the “Warrants”) to BOC Yellowstone LLC (the “Sponsor”). Each Private Warrant allows the Sponsor to purchase one share of Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share. The Warrants remain outstanding under the same terms and conditions to purchase shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock. As of September 30, 2023, 6,798,964 and 7,719,779 Public and Private Warrants remain outstanding, respectively.

The terms of the Private Warrants are identical to those of the Public Warrants, except for that so long as the Private Warrants are held by the Sponsor or its permitted transferees, they may be exercised on a cashless basis. The Warrants contain an exercise price of $11.50 per share and expire on January 25, 2027. The Company determined the fair value of its Public Warrants based on the publicly listed trading price as of the valuation date. Accordingly, the Public Warrants are classified as Level 1 financial instruments. As the terms of the Private Warrants are identical to those of the Public Warrants, the Company determined the fair value of its Private Warrants based on the publicly listed trading price of the Public Warrants as of the valuation date and have classified the Private Warrants as Level 2 financial instruments.

The closing price of the Public Warrants was $0.20 and $0.20 per warrant on September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The aggregate fair value of the Warrants was approximately $2.9 million and $2.9 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Company recognized unrealized gains of approximately $1.6 million and $1.5 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company did not recognize an unrealized gain or loss during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The Company recognized an unrealized gain of approximately $2.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Common Equity

As of September 30, 2023, there were 15,252,574 and 42,046,356 shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock outstanding, respectively. Holders of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock vote together as a single class on all matters submitted to the stockholders for their vote or approval, except as required by applicable law. Holders of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters submitted to the stockholders for their vote or approval.

The holders of Class A Common Stock are entitled to receive dividends, as and if declared by the Company’s Board of Directors out of legally available funds. With respect to stock dividends, holders of Class A Common Stock must receive Class A Common Stock. The holders of Class B Common Stock do not have any right to receive dividends other than stock dividends consisting of shares of Class B Common Stock, as applicable, in each case paid proportionally with respect to each outstanding share of Class B Common Stock.

Common Stock Purchase Agreement

On August 18, 2022, the Company entered into a Common Stock Purchase Agreement (the “B. Riley Stock Purchase Agreement”) with B. Riley Principal Capital II, LLC (“B. Riley”). Pursuant to the B. Riley Stock Purchase Agreement, subject to the conditions and limitations set forth therein, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, from time to time at the Company's sole discretion over a 36-month term of the B. Riley Stock Purchase Agreement, to direct B. Riley to purchase up to 10 million shares of the Company's Class A Common Stock in the aggregate.

Under the B. Riley Stock Purchase Agreement, on any trading day selected by the Company, the Company has the right, in its sole discretion, to present B. Riley with a purchase notice (each, a "VWAP Purchase Notice"), directly B. Riley (as principal) to purchase a specified amount of shares not to exceed the lesser of (i) one million shares of Common Stock and (ii) 20% of the total aggregate number (or volume) of shares of Class A Common Stock traded on the NYSE American at a price(the "VWAP Purchase Price") equal to the product of 0.97 and the VWAP of the Company's Class A Common Stock on the applicable date for each VWAP Purchase Notice, subject to certain limitations contained in the B. Riley Stock Purchase Agreement. Sales of Class A Common Stock pursuant to the Stock Purchase Agreement, and the timing of any such sales, are solely at the discretion of the Company, and the Company is under no obligation to sell any securities to B. Riley under the B. Riley Stock Purchase Agreement.

In consideration for entering into the B. Riley Stock Purchase Agreement and concurrently with the execution of the B. Riley Stock Purchase Agreement, the Company issued to B. Riley 25,000 shares of Class A Common Stock as initial commitment shares and will issue up to an aggregate of 75,000 shares of its Class A Common Stock as additional commitment shares if certain conditions and milestones are met. As of September 30, 2023, the Company has not directed B. Riley to purchase any Class A Common Stock pursuant to the B. Riley Stock Purchase Agreement.

Non-controlling interests

The LLC Interests’ ownership in Sky is presented as non-controlling interests within the Equity section of the consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2023 and represents the Sky Common Units held by holders other than SHG. The holders of LLC Interests may exchange Sky Common Units along with an equal number of Class B Common Shares, for Class A Common Shares on the Company. The LLC Interests do not have the option to redeem their Sky Common Units for cash or a variable number of Class A Common Shares, nor does SHG have the option to settle a redemption in such a manner. As of September 30, 2023, the LLC interests owned approximately 73.8% of the Sky Common Units outstanding.

The former majority shareholder's ownership in Overflow is presented as a non-controlling interest within the Equity section of the consolidated balance sheet. As of September 30, 2023, the former majority shareholder owned approximately 49% of the partnership interests in Overflow.

Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”)

In February 2023, the Company granted time-based RSUs to certain employees under the Company’s 2022 Incentive Award Plan. 545,522 of time-based awards were granted at a grant date fair value of $5.75, which will vest ratably over a four-year period beginning on the first anniversary of the grant date and ending on February 13, 2027.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized stock compensation expense of approximately $0.5 million and $1.4 million, respectively associated with all RSU awards, which is recorded within General and Administrative Expenses within the statement of operations. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recognized stock compensation expense of $0.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2023, there are approximately 956,869 non-vested RSUs outstanding with a weighted average grant date fair value of $6.53. The unrecognized compensation costs associated with all unvested RSUs at September 30, 2023 was approximately $5.8 million that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average future period of 3.0 years.

Sky Incentive Units

The Company recognized equity-based compensation expense relating to awarded equity units of Sky (the “Sky Incentive Units”) of $72 and $238 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and $85 and $256 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, which is recorded within General and Administrative Expenses within the statement of operations, and as a component of the non-controlling interest in the consolidated statement of changes in stockholders’ equity. As of September 30, 2023, there was $0.5 million of total unrecognized compensation expense that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average future period of 1.6 years.

Basic earnings (loss) per share of Class A Common Stock is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to SHG by the weighted-average number of shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share of Class A Common Stock is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to SHG, adjusted for the assumed exchange of all potentially dilutive securities, by the weighted-average number of shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding adjusted to give effect to potentially dilutive shares using the treasury stock or if-converted method as appropriate. Shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock do not participate in the earnings or losses of the Company and are therefore not participating securities. As such, separate presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share of Class B Common Stock under the two-class method has not been presented. 

Potentially dilutive shares excluded from the weighted-average shares used to calculate the diluted net loss per common share due the Company's net loss position were as follows (in thousands):

On September 20, 2021, the Company entered into a non-exclusive agreement with Echo Echo, LLC, a related party to the Founder and CEO, for the use of a Beechcraft Baron G58 aircraft. The effective date of the agreement was September 8, 2021 and the agreement automatically renews annually. The agreement can be terminated without penalty if either party provides 35 days written notice, or if the aircraft is sold or otherwise disposed of. The Company is charged per flight hour of use along with all direct operating costs. Additionally, the Company will also incur the pro rata share of maintenance, overhead and insurance costs of the aircraft. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized $41 and $157 of expense, respectively, within General and administrative expense under the terms of this agreement. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recognized $50 and $134 of expense, respectively, associated with this agreement. The related liability is included in Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2023.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized $3 and $98 of expense, respectively, for consulting services, to a company that employed the chief financial officer until prior to July 1, 2021. The Company recognized $40 and $85 of expense during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 to the same company.

The APA Lease requires the Company to improve the property in accordance with a development plan included in the lease and to complete such improvements within 24-months of the issuance of permitting documents. Construction began on the APA Phase I project in October 2022.

The DVT Lease requires approximately $15.3 million and $14.6 million of improvements to be made for Phase I and for Phase II, if such option is exercised, respectively, within 12-months after receiving permitting documents for each Phase, but in no event later than May 2026. Construction began on the DVT Phase I project in December 2022.