Aeluma (ALMU) 10-Q2025 Q1 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _______ to _______

Commission File Number: 000-56218

AELUMA, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

(805) 351-2707

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

(Former name and address, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒   No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒   No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and emerging growth company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November 6, 2024, there were 12,178,424 shares of the issuer’s common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, outstanding and no share of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share, outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Aeluma, Inc. and Subsidiary

Consolidated Balance Sheets

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements

Aeluma, Inc. and Subsidiary

Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements

Aeluma, Inc. and Subsidiary

Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity (unaudited)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements

Aeluma, Inc. and Subsidiary 

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements

Aeluma, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Note 1 – The Company

Aeluma, Inc., headquartered in Goleta, California, is engaged in the research and development of infrared (IR) optical sensors to disrupt the market for IR sensors, and using its proprietary technology aims to produce a much higher performance alternative to today’s low-cost sensors at much lower prices than would otherwise be possible. The focus of Aeluma, Inc. (“the Company”) will be the image sensor market. Initial efforts hope to penetrate the 3D imaging and sensing (mobile and consumer, defense and aerospace, industrial, medical, auto) and LiDAR (robotic vehicles, advanced driver assistance systems vehicles (ADAS), topography, wind, industrial) markets.

Going Concern

The Company incurred a net loss of $729,619 and $1,482,309 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and has accumulated deficit of $14,353,980 at September 30, 2024. In addition, the Company is in the research and development stage and has generated limited revenue to date. In order to support its operations, the Company will require additional infusions of cash from the sale of equity instruments or the issuance of debt instruments, or the commencement of profitable revenue generating activities. If adequate funds are not available or are not available on acceptable terms, the Company’s ability to fund its operations, develop or enhance its sensors in the future or respond to competitive pressures would be significantly limited. Such limitations could require the Company to curtail, suspend or discontinue parts of its business plan.

These conditions raise doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”), which contemplate continuation of the Company as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that could result from the outcome of this uncertainty. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been presented in accordance with GAAP. The summary of significant accounting policies presented below is designed to assist in understanding the Company’s financial statements. Such financial statements and accompanying notes are the representations of the Company’s management, who is responsible for the Company’s integrity and objectivity.

Use of Estimates and Assumptions

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on current facts, historical experience and various other factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. The actual results experienced by the Company may differ materially and adversely from the Company’s estimates. To the extent there are material differences between the estimates and the actual results, future results of operations will be affected. 

Reclassification of Prior Year Presentation

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported consolidated financial statements.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers cash in banks, deposits in transit, and highly liquid debt instruments purchased with original maturities of three months or less to be cash and cash equivalents.

Concentration of Risk

The Company maintains its cash in bank deposit accounts which, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts. The Company’s accounts are insured by the FDIC but at times may exceed federally insured limits.

Convertible Debt Instruments

The Company evaluates agreements, including any convertible debt instruments to determine if those agreements or any embedded components of those agreements qualify as derivative financial instruments to be separately accounted for in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 815 “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”).  The accounting treatment of derivative financial instruments requires that the Company record any bifurcated embedded features at their fair values as of the inception date of the agreement and at fair value as of each subsequent balance sheet date. Any change in fair value is recorded in earnings as non-operating, non-cash income or expense. The Company reassesses the classification of its derivative instruments at each balance sheet date. If the classification changes as a result of events during the period, the agreement is reclassified as of the date of the event that caused the reclassification. Bifurcated embedded features are recorded at their initial fair values which create additional debt discount to the host instrument.  The Company amortizes the respective debt discount over the term of the notes, using the effective interest method.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

As defined in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC Topic No. 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”), fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer the liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In determining fair value, the Company uses the market or income approach. Based on this approach, the Company utilizes certain assumptions about the risk inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. These inputs can be readily observable, market-corroborated or generally unobservable inputs. The Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Based on the observability of the inputs used in the valuation techniques, the Company is required to provide the following information according to the fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy ranks the quality and the reliability of the information used to determine fair values. As a basis for considering these assumptions, ASC 820 defines a three-tier value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value.

Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active, accessible market for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2 – Other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity

The fair value hierarchy also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

The carrying values of the Company’s cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities approximate their fair value due to the relatively short maturity of these items. Financial assets and liabilities measured on a non-recurring basis are those that are adjusted to fair value when a significant event occurs. The Company had no financial assets or liabilities carried and measured on a nonrecurring basis during the reporting periods. Financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis are those that are adjusted to fair value each time a financial statement is prepared.

For recurring fair value measurement categorized within Level 3 assets and liabilities include those whose value is determined using market standard valuation technique described below. When observable inputs are not available, the market standard techniques for determining the estimated fair value of certain securities that trade infrequently, and therefore have little transparency, rely on inputs that are significant to the estimated fair value and that are not observable in the market or cannot be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. Management believes these inputs are based on assumptions deemed appropriate given the circumstances and consistent with what other market participants would use when pricing similar assets and liabilities. The Company’s embedded derivatives are classified in Level 3 using Black-Scholes option-pricing model since their values include significant unobservable inputs.

The derivative liabilities are recognized at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2024 and are Level 3 measurements. There have been no transfers between levels.

The fair value of the embedded derivatives in our convertible notes at the balance sheet date were valued using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: 

Property and Equipment

Property, equipment and leasehold improvements are reported at historical cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the less of the remaining lease term or the estimated useful lie of the improvements. Repairs and maintenance to these assets are charged to expenses as incurred; major improvements enhancing the function and/or the asset’s useful life are capitalized. When items are sold or retired, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gains or losses arising from such transactions are recognized. 

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are associated with the Aeluma.com domain name and are amortized on a straight-line basis over 10 years. 

Revenue Recognition

The Company follows a five-step approach for recognizing revenue, consisting of the following: (1) identifying the contract with a customer; (2) identifying the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determining the transaction price; (4) allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognizing revenue when, or as, the entity satisfies a performance obligation. Sales and other taxes the Company collects concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue. Incidental items that are immaterial in the context of the contract are recognized as expenses. The Company does not have any significant financing components associated with its revenue contracts, as payment is received within one year.

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company was awarded two government contracts of $11,866,384 for providing services and delivering materials. The awards are firm fixed contracts that shall be paid upon completion of performance and recognized as revenue over an expected term of 36 months.

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized its revenue of $480,735, of which $430,735 was from government contracts and $50,000 was from product sales for sampling purchases. As of September 30, 2024, the aggregate amount to remaining performance obligations for the government contracts was $12,126,473.

Loss Per Share

Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the sum of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus potential dilutive common shares outstanding during the period. Potential dilutive securities, comprised of stock warrants and stock options, are not reflected in diluted loss per share because such shares are anti–dilutive. Dilutive impact of potential common shares resulting from common stock equivalents is determined by applying the treasury stock method.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation arrangements in accordance with guidance issued by the FASB, which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees, consultants, and directors based on estimated fair values.

The Company estimates the fair value of stock-based compensation awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as an expense over the requisite service periods in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The Company estimates the fair value of stock-based compensation awards using the Black-Scholes model. This model requires the Company to estimate the expected volatility and value of its common stock and the expected term of the stock options, all of which are highly complex and subjective variables. For employees and directors, the expected life was calculated based on the simplified method as described by the SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 110, Share-Based Payment. For other service providers, the expected life was calculated using the contractual term of the award. The Company’s estimate of expected volatility was based on the volatility of peers. The Company has selected a risk-free rate based on the implied yield available on U.S. Treasury securities with a maturity equivalent to the expected term of the options. The Company accounts for forfeitures upon occurrence.

Income Taxes

The Company is expected to have net operating loss carryforwards that it can use to offset a certain amount of taxable income in the future. The Company is currently analyzing the amount of loss carryforwards that will be available to reduce future taxable income. The resulting deferred tax assets will be offset by a valuation allowance due to the uncertainty of its realization. The primary difference between income tax expense attributable to continuing operations and the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory rates to income before income taxes relates to the recognition of a valuation allowance for deferred income tax assets.

The Company has adopted FASB ASC 740-10, “Income Taxes” which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements and prescribes a recognition threshold of more likely than not as a measurement process for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. In making this assessment, a Company must determine whether it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, based solely on the technical merits of the position and must assume that the tax position will be examined by taxing authorities. The Company’s policy is to include interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. Interest and penalties totaled $0 for the periods presented. The Company’s net operating loss carryforwards are subject to IRS examination until they are fully utilized, and such tax years are closed.

The Company will file tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and the state of California. The Company’s federal and state return forms are subject to review by the taxing authorities. The Company is not currently under examination by any taxing authority, nor has it been notified of an impending examination.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The Company has evaluated all issued but not yet effective accounting pronouncements and determined that they are either immaterial or not relevant to the Company. 

Note 3 – Convertible Notes

Between August 5, 2024 and August 27, 2024, we issued convertible promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $3,145,000 to 10 accredited investors, pursuant to a private note financing. The Notes mature in June 2026 and do not carry any interest. The Notes are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”) upon the occurrence of certain events, (i.e., qualified financing resulting in at least $5,000,000 to the Company, if the Common Stock is uplisted to a national securities exchange or if neither of those such events occur prior to the maturity date, (together with Sale of the Company (as hereinafter defined), a “Conversion Event”)). In the event the Company does not complete qualified financing or uplist at or before the maturity date, the outstanding balance of the Notes shall automatically convert without any further action by the Holder into shares of the Company’s common stock equal to eighty-five percent (85%) to the VWAP of the Common Stock on the OTC Markets for the five trading days immediately prior to maturity date. The Note also provides that if there is a Sale of the Company, as defined in the Note, the Holder may elect to receive a cash payment equal to the aggregate amount of principal then outstanding under such Holder’s Note or convert the Note into shares of Common Stock equal to 85% of the VWAP of the Common Stock on the OTC Markets for the five trading days immediately prior to the Sale of the Company. Although the conversion price is dependent upon the type of Conversion Event that occurs, the Note does carry a ceiling and floor price: the applicable conversion price will not be lower than 85% of the 5-day VWAP on the applicable Closing Date (the “Floor Price”) nor will the applicable conversion price be higher than $3.50 per share (the “Ceiling Price”); the Floor Price and Ceiling Price shall automatically adjust in the event of a stock split or consolidation by the Company. The Floor Price for the investors who participated in this initial closing is equal to $2.47 or $2.68 per share. Since the Floor Price is tied to the Closing Date, the Floor Price may be different for investors that are part of a different closing, should the Company hold additional closings. The Investors were granted piggyback registration rights for the shares of Common Stock underlying the Note.

The Note Purchase Agreement also contains customary representation and warranties of the Company and the Investors, indemnification obligations of the Company, termination provisions, and other obligations and rights of the parties.

The Company analyzed the embedded features of the convertible notes and the debt discount is being amortized over the term of the convertible notes using the effective interest method and the derivative liabilities are marked-to-market at each reporting date. See Fair Value of Financial Instruments in Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional information.

As of September 30, 2024, the Company’s convertible notes are as follows:

Note 4 – Stockholders’ Equity

Authorized Shares

The Company’s Articles of Incorporation authorize the issuance of two classes of shares of stock. The total number of shares which this corporation is authorized to issue is 50,000,000 shares of $0.0001 par value common stock and 10,000,000 of $0.0001 par value preferred stock. No preferred shares were issued as of September 30, 2024.

Issued and Vested Shares to Officers

On October 27, 2020, the Company issued 1,623,920 shares of common stock to Jonathan Klamkin, Director and Chief Executive Officer, and 1,623,920 shares of common stock to Lee McCarthy, Director, interim Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operations Officer, for an aggregate sum of $10,000 each. Initially 20% or 324,784 shares vested on October 27, 2020, and the remaining 1,299,136 shares vest in equal amounts, monthly over the subsequent 4 years. The stock purchase agreement contains a repurchase option whereby unvested shares may be repurchased by the Company, at the Company’s option. At September 30 2024, Jonathan Klamkin had 1,596,855 vested shares and 27,065 unvested shares, and Lee McCarthy had 974,350 vested shares. On November 17, 2022, Lee McCarthy left the Company and, on September 10, 2023, the Company exercised its option to purchase 649,570 unvested restricted shares Lee McCarthy held for a total consideration of $4,001, the initial purchase price of these shares. 

Registration Rights Agreement

The Company entered into a registration rights agreement that provides for certain liquidated damages upon the occurrence of a “Registration Event,” which is defined as the occurrence of any of the following events: (a) the Company fails to file with the Commission the Registration Statement on or before the Registration Filing Date; (b) the Registration Statement is not declared effective by the Commission on or before the Registration Effectiveness Date; (c) after the SEC Effective Date, the Registration Statement ceases for any reason to remain effective or the Holders of Registrable Securities covered thereby are otherwise not permitted to utilize the prospectus therein to resell the Registrable Securities covered thereby, except for Blackout Periods permitted herein; or (d) following the listing or inclusion for quotation on an Approved Market, the Registrable Securities, if issued and outstanding, are not listed or included for quotation on an Approved Market, or trading of the Common Stock is suspended or halted on the Approved Market, which at the time constitutes the principal markets for the Common Stock, for more than three (3) full, consecutive Trading Days (other than as a result of (A) actions or inactions of parties other than the Company or its affiliates or of the Approved Market not reasonably in the control of the Company, or (B) suspension or halt of substantially all trading in equity securities (including the Common Stock) on the Approved Market). The maximum amount of liquidated damages that may be paid by the Company shall be an amount equal to eight percent (8%) of the shares covered by the registration rights agreement. This filing covered 11,010,002 shares. The Company currently expects to satisfy all of its obligations under the Registration Agreement and does not expect to pay any damages pursuant to this agreement; therefore, no liability has been recorded. 

Note 5 – Stock-Based Compensation

Restricted Stock Awards

In June 2021, the Company sold 723,008 shares of common stock to certain individuals in exchange for future management advisory services, for discounted prices price ranging from $.0104 to $.0195 per share. The shares are subject to restrictions that allow for repurchase of the shares by the Company due to a termination of the service agreement or other certain provisions. This repurchase right declines on a pro-rata basis over vesting periods (corresponding to the service period) ranging from 2-4 years. Related to these issuances, the Company has recorded deferred compensation of $1,372,435 for the value of the shares in excess of the purchase price paid by the advisors. The deferred compensation was expensed as consulting expense in the consolidated statements of operation over the service period.

In March 2022, the Company signed an agreement to issue 150,000 shares of common stock valued at $300,000 to a consultant for providing consulting services to the Company for eighteen months. Related to these issuances, the Company has recorded deferred compensation of $300,000 which was expensed as consulting expense in the consolidated statements of operation over the eighteen months.

For the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, $6,981 and $11,957, respectively, have been amortized in the consolidated statements of operations. At September 30, 2024, $13,152 of deferred compensation included in the balance sheets is expected to be expensed within 9 months. 

The following is a schedule summarizing restricted stock awards for the periods indicated:

Stock Options 

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company issued 6,500 options to purchase common stock to consultants. The options expire in 10 years and have an exercise prices that range from $2.90 to $3.90 with immediate vesting.

During the three months ended December 31, 2023, the Company issued 7,000 options to purchase common stock to a consultant. The options expire in 10 years and have an exercise price that ranges from $2.50 to $3.43 with immediate vesting.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company issued 6,500 options to purchase common stock to consultants. The options expire in 10 years and have an exercise prices that range from $2.99 to $3.50 with immediate vesting. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company issued 100,821 options to purchase common stock to the board of directors. The options expire in 10 years and vest in nine months with an exercise price of $2.99.

During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company issued 12,000 options to purchase common stock to a consultant. The options expire in 10 years and have vest equally in twelve months with an exercise price of $3.13.

The Company estimates the fair value of each option award using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Company used the following assumptions for to estimate the fair value of stock options for the period presented:

For the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, stock-based compensation expenses for options granted were $167,091 and $240,577, respectively. Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense was $675,461 and the average expected recognition period was 1.1 years as of September 30, 2024.

The following is a schedule summarizing stock option activities for the periods presented:

Note 6 – Facility Operating Lease

On April 1, 2021, the Company commenced a 5-year operating lease for a facility in Santa Barbara, California with total lease payments of $781,813. The Company determined the lease constitutes a Right of Use (ROU) asset and has recorded the present value of the lease payments as an asset and liability per ASC 842. The lease agreement waived the first three months of rent with payments commencing July 1, 2021. At the commencement of the lease, the net present value of the lease payments was $767,553. In addition to these lease payments, the Company is also responsible for its shares of common area operating expenses and electricity. Such expenses are considered variable costs and are not included in the measurement of the lease liability. The lease agreement also provides for the option to extend the lease for two additional sixty-month periods. On July 1, 2023, one of the two options to extend was considered reasonably certain of exercise and the Company remeasured the ROU asset and lease liability. The Company recorded the net present value of $1,189,606 for both the ROU asset and lease liability on July 1, 2023.

The following table presents maturities of operating lease liabilities on an undiscounted basis as of September 30, 2024:

The lease term and the discount rate for the lease at September 30, 2024 is 6.5 years and 4.00%, respectively. The total lease expenses were $41,441 and $44,914 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The variable costs for common area operating expenses and electricity were $83,535 and $93,046 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Note 7 – Warrants to Purchase Common Stock

In connection with the Offering held from December 2022 through May 2023, the Company issued warrants of 85,653 to purchase common stock to the Placement Agents. The warrants carry a term of 5 years and an exercise price of $3.00.

The following warrants to purchase common stock were outstanding as of September 30, 2024:

Note 8 – Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Customers

The Company manages its credit risk associated with exposure to its direct customers on outstanding accounts receivable through the application of credit approvals and other monitoring procedures. The Company closely monitors the aging of accounts receivable from its direct customers. Significant customers are those that represent 10% or more of revenue or accounts receivable.

Total revenues, by percentage, from individual customers representing 10% or more of total revenues in the respective periods were as follows:

Accounts receivable, by percentage, from individual customers representing 10% or more of accounts receivable are set forth in the following table:

Customer A, B, C and D are government agencies.

Note 9 – Subsequent Event

The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the filing date or the issuance of these financial statements and is not aware of any material items that would require disclosure in the notes to the financial statements or would be required to be recognized as of September 30, 2024.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise indicates, references to “Aeluma,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us,” or similar terms refer to Aeluma, Inc. and Subsidiary.

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and other financial information included in this report. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this report, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. You should review the disclosure under the heading “Risk Factors” in other filings we make with the SEC for a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as predictive of future results.

Overview

We develop novel optoelectronic devices for sensing and communications applications. Aeluma has pioneered a technique to manufacture devices using high performance compound semiconductor materials on large-diameter substrates that are commonly used to manufacture mass market microelectronics. This enables cost-effective manufacturing of high-performance photodetectors and photodetector array circuits for imaging applications in mobile devices, as well as other technologies. This technology has the potential to enhance the performance and capability of camera image sensors, light detection and ranging (LiDAR), augmented reality/virtual reality (AR/VR), facial recognition, and other applications.  

Because we will leverage compound semiconductor materials, our devices may operate at longer wavelengths than traditional silicon-based image sensors, up to at least 1600 nm, which is advantageous for a number of reasons including eye safety. Beyond 1400 nm is considered eye safe at significantly higher optical power levels relative to that at shorter wavelengths. Therefore, for LiDAR sensing systems, the range (the detectable object distance) can be increased significantly. Operating at specific longer wavelengths (for example, near 1550 nm) also enables imaging both in low light (dark) conditions, as well as in direct sunlight. Therefore, images could be captured outdoors and in various conditions.

Additionally, Aeluma’s technology may be used to manufacture other electronic and optoelectronic devices in the future including lasers, transistors, and solar cells.

Aeluma has acquired key manufacturing equipment, and has headquarters in Goleta, California with a manufacturing cleanroom to house this equipment.

Recent Government Contract

On September 6, 2024, the Company won $11.717 million DARPA contract for nano-scale semiconductors to develop heterogeneous integration technology compatible with leading edge and future advanced-node semiconductors. Technology applications include AI, mobile devices and 5G/6G. This DARPA contract to Aeluma is structured with $5.974 million provided over 18 months, and the $5.743 million balance provided over the following 18 months as Aeluma meets certain milestones. Teledyne Scientific Company, the Central Research Laboratory of Teledyne, is a proposed subcontractor to assist with defining target materials and with developing strategies for demonstrating program metrics. The University of California Santa Barbara is also a proposed subcontractor to support the implementation of test devices.

Private Placements

Between August 5, 2024 and August 27, 2024, we issued convertible promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $3,145,000 to 10 accredited investors, pursuant to a private note financing. The Notes mature in June 2026 and do not carry any interest. The Notes are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”) upon the occurrence of certain events, (i.e., qualified financing resulting in at least $5,000,000 to the Company, if the Common Stock is uplisted to a national securities exchange or if neither of those such events occur prior to the maturity date, (together with Sale of the Company (as hereinafter defined), a “Conversion Event”)). In the event the Company does not complete qualified financing or uplist at or before the maturity date, the outstanding balance of the Notes shall automatically convert without any further action by the Holder into shares of the Company’s common stock equal to eighty-five percent (85%) to the VWAP of the Common Stock on the OTC Markets for the five trading days immediately prior to maturity date. The Note also provides that if there is a Sale of the Company, as defined in the Note, the Holder may elect to receive a cash payment equal to the aggregate amount of principal then outstanding under such Holder’s Note or convert the Note into shares of Common Stock equal to 85% of the VWAP of the Common Stock on the OTC Markets for the five trading days immediately prior to the Sale of the Company. Although the conversion price is dependent upon the type of Conversion Event that occurs, the Note does carry a ceiling and floor price: the applicable conversion price will not be lower than 85% of the 5-day VWAP on the applicable Closing Date (the “Floor Price”) nor will the applicable conversion price be higher than $3.50 per share (the “Ceiling Price”); the Floor Price and Ceiling Price shall automatically adjust in the event of a stock split or consolidation by the Company. The Floor Price for the investors who participated in this initial closing is equal to $2.68 per share. Since the Floor Price is tied to the Closing Date, the Floor Price may be different for investors that are part of a different closing, should the Company hold additional closings. The Investors were granted piggyback registration rights for the shares of Common Stock underlying the Note.

The Note Purchase Agreement (“NPA”) also contains customary representation and warranties of the Company and the Investors, indemnification obligations of the Company, termination provisions, and other obligations and rights of the parties.

The foregoing description of the NPA and the Note is qualified by reference to the full text of the forms of NPA and Note, which are filed as Exhibits hereto and incorporated herein by reference.  

Plan of Operations 

We have been developing our materials and characterization capabilities at our headquarters in Goleta, California, in connection with the further development of our business and the implementation of our plan of operations. We have installed key manufacturing equipment at our headquarters and will continue to develop relationships with manufacturing partners to carry out certain steps of our manufacturing processes externally. We have gained access to a rapid prototyping facility and are leveraging this access to fabricate early-stage prototypes. In the future, we intend to implement appropriate quality and manufacturing controls. Some equipment was procured previously, and other equipment is being procured through purchase orders with equipment vendors.

The primary sources of funding for equipment procurement and installation are the seed funding raised prior to becoming a public company and the funding raised from our financings. We have also leveraged funds to continue strengthening our intellectual property including patent applications, trademarks, and development of trade secrets and manufacturing process recipes. We will continue to develop our manufacturing and product development strategy by further engaging customers and strategic partners.

Limited Operating History

We cannot guarantee that the proceeds from the Offering will be sufficient to carry out all of our business plans. Our business is subject to risks inherent in growing an enterprise, including limited capital resources, risks inherent in the research and development process and possible rejection of our products in development.

If financing is not available on satisfactory terms, we may be unable to carry out all of our operations. Equity financing will result in dilution to existing stockholders.

Components of Results of Operations

Revenue

Our revenue currently consists of commercial product sales and government contracts.

Operating Expenses

Cost of revenue consists of costs of materials, as well as direct compensation and expenses incurred to provide deliverables that resulted in payment of our success fee and wafers delivered. We anticipate that our cost of revenue will vary substantially depending on the nature of products and/or services delivered in each customer engagement.

Research and development expenses consist primarily of compensation and related costs for personnel, including stock-based compensation and employee benefits, costs associated with design, fabrication, packaging and testing of our devices, and facility lease and utility expenses. We expense research and development expenses as incurred.

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation and related costs for personnel, including stock-based compensation and employee benefits. In addition, general and administrative expenses include third-party consulting, legal, insurance, audit and accounting services, and office lease and utility expenses. 

Other Income (Expense)

Interest income consists primarily of interest earned in interest-bearing savings account in bank.

Amortization of discount on convertible notes represents the non-cash interest expense associated with the amortization of convertible notes issued to our debtholders.

Changes in the fair value of derivative liabilities reflect valuation changes in the derivatives held by the Company.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense consists primarily of income taxes in certain state jurisdictions in which we conduct business.

Results of Operations

Three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended September 31, 2023

Our results of operations for the three ended September 30, 2024, as compared to the same period of 2023, were as follows:

Revenue: Revenue increased $448,335 to $480,735, of which $430,735 was from government contracts and $50,000 was from commercial product and service contract, for the three months ended September 30, 2024 from $32,400, all of which was from commercial product and service contracts for the same period in 2023.

Operating expenses: Operating expense decreased $302,996, or 20.0%, to $1,212,115 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 from $1,515,111 for the same period in 2023, due primarily to decreases in consulting and professional expenses, offset partially by increases in cost of revenue associated with increased revenue and higher seasonal utility charges.

Other income (expense): Other income (expense) consists of amortization of discount on convertible notes of ($144,776), changes in fair value of derivative liabilities of $146,435 and interest income of $102 for the three months ended September 30, 2024.

Income tax expense: We did not record income tax expense for either of the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

Impact of COVID-19

With the exception of some lingering supply chain challenges, the residual effects of the COVID-19 pandemic did not have a significant impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial condition for the three months ended September 30, 2024.

Capital Resources and Liquidity

Our financial statements have been presented on the basis that are a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As presented in the financial statements, we incurred a net loss of $729,619 and $1,482,309 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and losses are expected to continue in the near term. The accumulated deficit was $14,353,980 at September 30, 2024. We have been funding our operations through the sale of common stock in private placement transactions.

Management anticipates that significant additional expenditures will be necessary to develop and expand our business before significant positive operating cash flows can be achieved. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon our ability to raise additional capital and to ultimately achieve sustainable revenues and profitable operations. At September 30, 2024, we had $3,502,520 of cash and cash equivalents. These funds are insufficient to complete our business plan and as a consequence, we will need to seek additional funds, primarily through the issuance of debt or equity securities for cash to operate our business. No assurance can be given that any future financing will be available or, if available, that it will be on terms that are satisfactory to us. Even if we are able to obtain additional financing, it may contain undue restrictions on our operations, in the case of debt financing or cause substantial dilution for our stockholders, in the case of equity financing.

Management has undertaken steps as part of a plan to improve operations with the goal of sustaining our operations for the next twelve months and beyond. These steps include (a) raising additional capital and/or obtaining financing; (b) controlling overhead and expenses; (c) executing material sales or research contracts; and (d) pursuing additional sales and contracts. There can be no assurance that we can successfully accomplish these steps and it is uncertain that we will achieve a profitable level of operations and obtain additional financing. There can be no assurance that any additional financing will be available to us on satisfactory terms and conditions, if at all. As of the date of this Report, we have not entered into any formal agreements regarding the above.

In the event we are unable to continue as a going concern, the Company may elect or be required to seek protection from its creditors by filing a voluntary petition in bankruptcy or may be subject to an involuntary petition in bankruptcy. To date, management has not considered this alternative, nor does management view it as a likely occurrence. 

We had working capital of $1,395,817 and $766,160 at September 30, 2024 and June 30, 2024, respectively. Current assets increased $2,634,144 to $4,026,990 at September 30, 2024 from $1,392,846 at September 30, 2024, primarily due to a $2,211,448 increase in cash. Current liabilities increased $2,004,487 to $2,631,173 at September 30, 2024 from $626,686 at June 30, 2024, due primarily to increases in derivative liabilities.

The following table shows a summary of our cash flows for the periods presented:

Net cash used in our operating activities were $931,915 and $1,303,362 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, due primarily to net losses of $729,619 and $1,482,309 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Net cash used in our investing activities was $1,637 and $7,100 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Investing activities include purchase of equipment.

Net cash provided by our financing activities was $3,145,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and net cash used in our financing activities was $4,001 for the same period of 2023. We received $3,145,000 from issuing convertible notes for the three months ended September 30, 20214 and paid $4,001 to purchase Lee McCarthy’s unvested restricted shares for the same period of 2023.

Critical Accounting Policies

During the three months ended September 30, 2024, there were no significant changes in our critical accounting policies. (not needed)

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Not applicable. 

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

Our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well-designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. The design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Further, because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information we are required to disclose in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance.

Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this Report. Based on this evaluation, management, including our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer, concluded that as of September 30, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective. Our current staffing resources in our finance department are insufficient to support the complexity of our financial reporting requirements. As a result, we have had an inadequate level of precision, evidence or timeliness in the performance of review controls.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as the term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Part II - Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may become a party to litigation or other legal proceedings that it considers to be a part of the ordinary course of its business. To the best of our knowledge, we are not currently involved in any legal proceedings that could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition or results of operations; however, we may become involved in material legal proceedings in the future.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and, as such, are not required to provide the information under this item.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

We did not sell any equity securities which were not registered under the Securities Act during the quarter ended September 30, 2024 that were not otherwise disclosed in our Current Reports on Form 8-K.

Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None. 

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf of the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

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