acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, control may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.
AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
The Company’s Board of Directors has determined that it has at least one audit committee financial expert serving on its Audit Committee. The Board has determined that Marcelo Freire de Paiva is an audit committee financial expert and is not independent, as that term is defined by the Exchange Act and the Nasdaq corporate governance standards applicable to the Company.
The Commission has indicated that the designation of a person as an audit committee financial expert does not make such person an “expert” for any purpose, impose on such person any duties, obligations or liability that are greater than those imposed on such person as a member of the Audit Committee and the Board in the absence of such designation and does not affect the duties, obligations or liability of any other member of the Audit Committee or Board.
CODE OF ETHICS
The Board has adopted a written code of business conduct and ethics (the “Code”), by which it and all officers and employees of the Company, including the Company’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer or controller, abide. There were no waivers granted in respect of the Code during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. The Code is posted on the Company’s website at www.sigmalithiumresources.com. If there is an amendment to the Code, or if a waiver of the Code is granted to any of Company’s principal executive officers, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, the Company intends to disclose any such amendment or waiver by posting such information on the Company’s website. Unless and to the extent specifically referred to herein, the information on the Company’s website shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference in this Annual Report.
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
KPMG LLP, Toronto, ON, Canada, Audit Firm ID: 85, acted as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. See page 88 of the Company’s Annual Information Form, which is attached hereto as Exhibit 99.1, for the total amount billed to the Company by KPMG LLP for services performed in the last two fiscal years by category of service (for audit fees, audit-related fees, tax fees and all other fees).
AUDIT COMMITTEE PRE-APPROVAL POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
See page 87 of the Company’s Annual Information Form, which is attached hereto as Exhibit 99.1.No audit-related fees, tax fees or other non-audit fees were approved by the Audit Committee pursuant to paragraph (c)(7)(i)(C) of Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company was not a party to any off-balance-sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future effect on the financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, cash requirements or capital resources of the Company.