Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Nicholas Financial – Canada and its wholly owned subsidiaries, NDS, NFI, and NF Funding I, collectively referred to as the “Company”. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. Segment Reporting The Company reports operating segments in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 280, Segment Reporting. Operating segments are components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and assesses performance. FASB ASC Topic 280 requires that a public enterprise report a measure of segment profit or loss, certain specific revenue and expense items, segment assets, information about the way the operating segments where determined and other items. The Company has one reportable segment, which is the consumer finance company. Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change relate to the determination of the allowance for credit losses on finance receivables. Restricted Cash Restricted cash includes cash and cash equivalents for which the Company’s ability to withdraw funds is contractually limited. The Company’s restricted cash consist of cash restricted for debt serving of the Company’s variable interest entity. Finance Receivables Finance receivables are recorded at cost, net of unearned dealer discounts, unearned insurance and commissions (see “Revenue Recognition”), and the allowance for credit losses (See Note 3). Allowance for Credit Losses The Company uses trailing six-month net charge-offs as a percentage of average finance receivables, annualized and applies this calculated percentage to ending finance receivables to calculate estimated future probable credit losses for purposes of determining the allowance for credit losses. The Company then takes into consideration the composition of its portfolio, current economic conditions, estimated net realizable value of the underlying collateral, historical loan loss experience, delinquency, non-performing assets, and bankrupt accounts and adjusts the above, if necessary, to determine management’s total estimate of probable credit losses and its assessment of the overall adequacy of the allowance for credit losses. Management utilizes significant judgment in determining probable incurred losses and in identifying and evaluating qualitative factors. Use of a trailing six-month net charge-off percentage reflects the Company lending policies, underwriting standards, and aligns with business strategies to finance primary transportation to and from work for the subprime borrower. In addition, the Company takes into consideration the composition of the portfolio, current economic conditions, estimated net realizable value of the underlying collateral, historical loan loss experience, delinquency, non-performing assets, and bankrupt accounts when determining management’s estimate of probable credit losses and adequacy of the allowance for credit losses. If the allowance for credit losses is determined to be inadequate, then an additional charge to the provision is recorded to maintain adequate reserves based on management’s evaluation of the risk inherent in the loan portfolio. Conversely, the Company could identify abnormalities in the composition of the portfolio, which would indicate the calculation is overstated and management judgement may be required to determine the allowance of credit losses for both Contracts and Direct Loans. Repossessed Assets Repossessed assets are stated at net realizable value and consist primarily of automobiles that have been repossessed by the Company and are awaiting final disposition. Most costs associated with repossession, transport, and auction preparation expenses are reported under operating expenses in the period in which they are incurred. Property and Equipment Property and equipment is recorded at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation of property and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows: Automobiles 3 years Equipment 5 years Furniture and fixtures 7 years Software 7 years Leasehold improvements Lesser of lease term or useful life (generally 6 - 7 years) Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of net assets acquired in business combinations over the fair value of identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Goodwill impairment exists when the fair value of a reporting unit is less than the carrying value. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually, as of the last day of the fiscal year, or more frequently whenever events or changes in circumstances would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level. The Company has one reporting unit, which is the same level as the Company’s one operating segment, the consumer finance company. The Company has the option of either assessing qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the carrying value of our reporting unit exceeds its fair value or proceeding directly to a quantitative test. The Company elected to perform the quantitative impairment test at March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, respectively. The quantitative impairment test compares the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. The fair value of a reporting unit refers to the price that would be received to sell the reporting unit in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Quoted market prices in active markets are the best evidence of fair value and shall be used as the basis for the measurement, if available. If the fair value exceeds its carrying value, the goodwill of the reporting unit is not considered impaired. However, if the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the Company recognizes an impairment loss equal to that excess. As the Company only has one reporting unit, the Company estimated the fair value of the reporting unit using a market based approach, with the primary input being the Company’s market capitalization at the measurement date, adjusted for a control premium. Based upon the impairment test at March 31, 2020, the Company concluded that its recorded balance of goodwill was impaired and recorded an impairment charge of $0.3 million, which resulted in a full write-off of the Company’s goodwill balance. In fiscal year 2021, no purchases accounting transactions were executed by the Company and no goodwill was recorded. The goodwill balance remains at $0 at March 31, 2021. (See Note 5). Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company assesses impairment of long-lived assets, including property and equipment and intangible assets, whenever changes or events indicate that the carry amount may not be recoverable. The Company assesses impairment of these assets generally at the branch level based on profitability of the branch and the Company’s plans for branch closings. The Company will write down such assets to fair value, based on operational results, if impairment has occurred. The Company did not record any impairment charges for the long-lived assets for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021 or 2020. Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases along with operating loss and tax credit carryforwards, if any. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rate is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company recognizes tax benefits from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the consolidated financial statements from any such position would be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. It is the Company’s policy to recognize interest and penalties accrued on any uncertain tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. There were no unrecognized tax positions as of March 31, 2021 or 2020. The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state jurisdictions. With few exceptions the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal and state tax examinations for fiscal years prior to 2017. We are subject to taxation at the federal, state, and local levels in the United States. On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”). The changes included in TCJA are broad and complex. The final transition impacts of TCJA may differ from the estimates provided elsewhere in this Annual Report, possibly materially, due to, among other things, changes in interpretations of TCJA, any legislative action to address questions that arise because of TCJA, any changes in accounting standards for income taxes or related interpretations in response to TCJA, or any updates or changes to estimates the Company has utilized to calculate the transition impacts, including impacts from changes to current year earnings estimates. The estimated impact of the new law is based on management’s current knowledge and assumptions and recognized impacts could be materially different from current estimates. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in income tax expense in the period that includes the enactment date. See Note 8 for details regarding the impact of Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) by the U.S. government on March 27, 2020. Revenue Recognition Interest income on finance receivables is recognized using the interest method. Accrual of interest income on finance receivables is suspended when a loan is contractually delinquent for 61 days or more, or the collateral is repossessed, whichever is earlier. The Company reverses the accrual of interest income when the loan is contractually delinquent 61 days or more. The Company defines a non-performing asset as one that is 61 or more days past due, a Chapter 7 bankruptcy account, or a Chapter 13 bankruptcy account that has not been confirmed by the courts, for which the accrual of interest income is suspended. Upon confirmation of a Chapter 13 bankruptcy trustee’s plan (BK13), the account is immediately charged-off. Upon notification of a Chapter 7 bankruptcy, an account is monitored for collectability. In the event the debtors’ balance is reduced by the bankruptcy court, the Company records a loss equal to the amount of principal balance reduction. The remaining balance is reduced as payments are received. In the event an account is dismissed from bankruptcy, the Company will decide whether to begin repossession proceedings or to allow the customer to make regularly scheduled payments. (see Note 3). A dealer discount represents the difference between the finance receivable of a Contract, and the amount of money the Company actually pays for the Contract. The discount negotiated by the Company is a function of the lender, the wholesale value of the vehicle, and competition in any given market. In making decisions regarding the purchase of a particular Contract, the Company considers the following factors related to the borrower: place and length of residence; current and prior job status; history in making installment payments for automobiles; current income; and credit history. In addition, the Company examines its prior experience with Contracts purchased from the dealer from which the Company is purchasing the Contract, and the value of the automobile in relation to the purchase price and the term of the Contract. The dealer discount is amortized as an adjustment to yield using the interest method over the life of the loan. The average dealer discount, as a percent of the amount financed, associated with new volume for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, were 7.5% and 7.9%, respectively. Unearned insurance and fee commissions consist primarily of commissions received from the sale of ancillary products. These products include automobile warranties, roadside assistance programs, accident and health insurance, credit life insurance, involuntary unemployment insurance, and forced placed automobile insurance. These commissions are amortized over the life of the Contract using the interest method. Earnings Per Share The Company has granted stock compensation awards with nonforfeitable dividend rights which are considered participating securities. Earnings per share is calculated using the two-class method, as such awards are more dilutive under this method than the treasury stock method. Ordinarily, basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income allocated to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, which excludes the participating securities. Dilutive earnings per share are calculated by dividing net income allocated to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period which includes the dilutive effect of additional potential common shares from stock compensation awards. For the years ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, Company experienced net income. Income per share has been computed based on the following weighted average number of common shares outstanding: Fiscal Year ended March 31, (In thousands, except earnings per share numbers) 2021 2020 Numerator: Net income per consolidated statements of income $ 8,351 $ 3,466 Percentage allocated to shareholders * 99 % 99 % Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share 8,307 3,434 Denominator: Denominator for Basic earnings per share - weighted-average shares outstanding 7,626 7,702 Dilutive effect of stock options - 1 Denominator for diluted earnings per share 7,626 7,703 Per share income from continuing operations Basic $ 1.09 $ 0.45 Diluted $ 1.09 $ 0.45 *Basic weighted-average shares outstanding 7,626 7,702 Basic weighted-average shares outstanding and unvested restricted stock units expected to vest 7,666 7,774 Percentage allocated to shareholders 99 % 99 % Share-Based Payments The grant date fair value of share awards is recognized in earnings over the requisite service period (presumptively, the vesting period), net of estimated forfeitures. The Company estimates the fair value of option awards using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The risk-free interest rate is based upon a U.S. Treasury instrument with a life that is similar to the expected term of the options. Expected volatility is based upon the historical volatility for the previous period equal to the expected term of the options. The expected term is based upon the average life of previously issued options. The expected dividend yield is based upon the yield expected on date of grant to occur over the term of the option. The fair value of non-vested restricted shares and performance units are measured at the market price of a share on a grant date. Restricted shares have a three-year service period. Performance units include a performance period (generally ending at the end of the fiscal year in which the units were granted) followed by a two-year service period. At the end of the performance period, these units effectively become restricted shares for the remaining two-year service period at which time they become vested. Fair Value Measurements The Company measures specific assets and liabilities at fair value, which is an exit price, representing the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When applicable, the Company utilizes market data or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability under a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include: Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs about which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions (see Note 7). Financial Instruments and Concentrations The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash, finance receivables (accrued interest receivable is a part of finance receivables), and a Credit Facility. Financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk are primarily finance receivables and cash. For the year ended, March 31, 2021, the Company operated in 16 states through 45 branch locations. Of the aggregate finance receivables as of March 31, 2021, Florida represented 27%, Ohio represented 14%, Georgia represented 12%, and North Carolina represented 10%. Each of Kentucky, Missouri, and South Carolina represented 5%. Of the remaining states, no one state represented more than 5% of the total finance receivables. The Company provides credit during the normal course of business and performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers. The Company maintains reserves for potential credit losses which, when realized, have been within the range of management’s expectations. The Company perfects a primary security interest in all vehicles financed as a form of collateral. The combined account balances the Company maintains at financial institutions typically exceed federally insured limits, and there is a concentration of credit risk related to accounts on deposit in excess of federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes this risk of loss is not significant. Variable Interest Entity In March 2019, the Company entered into a new senior secured credit facility collateralized by customer financed receivables by transferring the receivables into a bankruptcy-remote variable interest entity (VIE). Under the terms of the transaction, all cash collections and other cash proceeds of the customer receivables go first to the servicer and the holders of the asset-backed notes, and then to the residual equity holder. The Company retained the servicing of the portfolio and receives a monthly fee of 2.5% (annualized) based on the outstanding balance of the financed receivables, and the Company currently holds all of the residual equity, monthly fees are eliminated in the consolidated financial statements. In addition, the Company, rather than the VIE, will retain certain credit insurance income together with certain recoveries related to credit insurance and on charge-offs of the financed receivables, which will continue to be reflected as a reduction of net charge-offs on a consolidated basis for as long as the Company consolidates the VIE. The Company consolidates the VIE’s when the Company determines that it is the primary beneficiary, the Company has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the performance of the VIE and it has the obligation to absorb losses and its right to receive residual returns is significant. The Company determined it is the primary beneficiary of the VIE, it has the right to direct activities that most significantly impact the performance of the VIE and has the obligation to absorb losses and significant right to receive residual returns. The Company therefore consolidated the VIE for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2020 and 2021. Reclassifications Certain prior-period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. Such reclassifications had no impact on previously reported net loss or shareholders’ equity. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. ASU 2017-04 eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Instead, under the amendments in this Update, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. Additionally, an entity should consider income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. ASU 2017-04 also eliminates the requirements for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment and, if it fails that qualitative test, to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. Therefore, the same impairment assessment applies to all reporting units. The amendments in this update are effective for public entities who are SEC filers for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company adopted the guidance on March 31, 2020 and applied it to the Company’s goodwill impairment test at March 31, 2020 (See Note 5) . In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10), Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. This amendment requires that equity investments be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. When fair value is not readily determinable, an entity may elect to measure the equity investment at cost, less impairment, plus or minus any change in the investment’s observable price. For financial liabilities that are measured at fair value, the amendment requires an entity to present separately, in other comprehensive income, any change in fair value resulting from a change in instrument specific credit risk. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The standard requires retrospective application for equity investments with readily determinable fair values and prospective application for equity investments without readily determinable fair values. The Company adopted the standard during the year and no prospective basis existed for these equity investments since they were also purchased during the fiscal year. The purchase of these equity investments was recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note 7 for further information. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In June 2016, the FASB issued the ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. Among other things, the amendments in this ASU require the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial instruments held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. Many of the loss estimation techniques applied today will still be permitted, although the inputs to those techniques will change to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses. The ASU also requires additional disclosures related to estimates and judgments used to measure all expected credit losses. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. Recently, the FASB voted to delay the implementation date for this accounting standard, for smaller reporting companies, the new effective date is for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this ASU on the consolidated financial statements and is collecting and analyzing data that will be needed to produce historical inputs into any models created as a result of adopting this ASU. At this time, the Company believes the adoption of this ASU will likely have a material effect and is expected to increase the overall allowance for credit losses. In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitating of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, which provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions in which the reference LIBOR or another reference rate is expected to be discontinued as a result of the Reference Rate Reform. This ASU is intended to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. The new guidance was effective immediately and through December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the effect the adoption of this standard will have on its financial statements. The Company does not believe there are any other recently issued accounting standards that have not yet been adopted that will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements . |