PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT | PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT The company’s PP&E relates to the operating segments as shown below: Renewable Infrastructure (b) Real Estate (c) Private Equity and Other (d) Total AS AT DEC. 31 (MILLIONS) 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 Costs $ 34,483 $ 30,588 $ 39,440 $ 39,769 $ 15,367 $ 11,568 $ 23,024 $ 21,083 $ 112,314 $ 103,008 Accumulated fair value changes 30,726 28,138 3,251 3,077 1,794 881 (841) (1,022) 34,930 31,074 Accumulated depreciation (9,966) (8,409) (5,398) (4,191) (1,799) (1,481) (5,813) (4,512) (22,976) (18,593) Total 1 $ 55,243 $ 50,317 $ 37,293 $ 38,655 $ 15,362 $ 10,968 $ 16,370 $ 15,549 $ 124,268 $ 115,489 1. As at December 31, 2022, the total includes $5.6 billion (2021 – $5.8 billion) of PP&E leased to third parties as operating leases. Our ROU PP&E assets include $435 million (2021 – $415 million) in our Renewable Power and Transition segment, $3.5 billion (2021 – $4.0 billion) in our Infrastructure segment, $1.0 billion (2021 – $986 million) in our Real Estate segment, and $1.7 billion (2021 – $1.6 billion) in our Private Equity and other segments, totaling $6.6 billion (2021 – $7.0 billion) of ROU assets. Renewable Power and Transition, Infrastructure and Real Estate segments primarily carry PP&E assets at fair value, classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy due to the use of significant unobservable inputs when determining fair value. The carrying amount that would have been recognized had our assets been accounted for under the cost model is $75.4 billion (2021 – $72.0 billion). Private Equity and other segments carry PP&E assets at amortized cost. As at December 31, 2022 , $88.2 billion ( 2021 – $66.2 billion) of PP&E, at cost, were pledged as collateral for the property debt at their respective properties. a) Renewable Power and Transition Our renewable power and transition PP&E consists of the following: Hydroelectric Wind Solar and Other Total AS AT AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DEC. 31 (MILLIONS) 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 Cost, beginning of year $ 13,871 $ 13,899 $ 9,033 $ 8,398 $ 7,684 $ 6,541 $ 30,588 $ 28,838 Additions, net of disposals and assets reclassified as held for sale (542) 734 950 (907) 1,267 648 1,675 475 Acquisitions through business combinations — — 1,765 1,643 1,321 723 3,086 2,366 Foreign currency translation (849) (762) 156 (101) (173) (228) (866) (1,091) Cost, end of year 12,480 13,871 11,904 9,033 10,099 7,684 34,483 30,588 Accumulated fair value changes, beginning of year 23,973 19,865 2,461 2,908 1,704 1,465 28,138 24,238 Fair value changes 2,681 4,581 1,060 (44) 162 282 3,903 4,819 Dispositions and assets reclassified as held for sale — — (135) (354) — — (135) (354) Foreign currency translation (1,012) (473) (133) (49) (35) (43) (1,180) (565) Accumulated fair value changes, end of year 25,642 23,973 3,253 2,461 1,831 1,704 30,726 28,138 Accumulated depreciation, beginning of year (5,151) (4,731) (2,086) (2,293) (1,172) (846) (8,409) (7,870) Depreciation expenses (624) (556) (557) (599) (413) (355) (1,594) (1,510) Dispositions and assets reclassified as held for sale 86 22 4 792 7 1 97 815 Foreign currency translation 125 114 (222) 14 37 28 (60) 156 Accumulated depreciation, end of year (5,564) (5,151) (2,861) (2,086) (1,541) (1,172) (9,966) (8,409) Balance, end of year $ 32,558 $ 32,693 $ 12,296 $ 9,408 $ 10,389 $ 8,216 $ 55,243 $ 50,317 The following table presents our renewable power and transition PP&E measured at fair value by geography: AS AT DEC. 31 (MILLIONS) 2022 2021 North America $ 37,016 $ 32,629 Colombia 8,264 8,497 Brazil 4,708 3,547 Europe 3,396 3,935 Other 1 1,859 1,709 $ 55,243 $ 50,317 1. Other refers primarily to China, India and Chile. Renewable power and transition assets are accounted for under the revaluation model and the most recent date of revaluation was December 31, 2022. Valuations utilize significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) when determining the fair value of renewable power and transition assets. The significant Level 3 inputs include: Valuation Technique Significant Unobservable Inputs Relationship of Unobservable Inputs to Fair Value Mitigating Factors Discounted cash flow analysis • Future cash flows – primarily impacted by future electricity price assumptions • Increases (decreases) in future cash flows increase (decrease) fair value • Increases (decreases) in cash flows tend to be accompanied by increases (decreases) in discount rates that may offset changes in fair value from cash flows • Discount rate • Increases (decreases) in discount rate decrease (increase) fair value • Increases (decreases) in discount rates tend to be accompanied by increases (decreases) in cash flows that may offset changes in fair value from discount rates • Terminal capitalization rate • Increases (decreases) in terminal capitalization rate decrease (increase) fair value • Increases (decreases) in terminal capitalization rates tend to be accompanied by increases (decreases) in cash flows that may offset changes in fair value from terminal capitalization rates • Terminal year • Increases (decreases) in the terminal year decrease (increase) fair value • Increases (decreases) in the terminal year tend to be the result of changing cash flow profiles that may result in higher (lower) growth in cash flows prior to stabilizing in the terminal year Key valuation metrics of the company’s hydroelectric, wind and solar generating facilities at the end of 2022 and 2021 are summarized below. North America Brazil Colombia Europe AS AT DEC. 31 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 Discount rate Contracted 4.9 – 5.4% 4.1 – 4.4% 8.2 % 7.2 % 8.5 % 7.9 % 4.4 % 3.9 % Uncontracted 6.2 – 6.7% 5.4 – 5.6% 9.5 % 8.5 % 9.7 % 9.2 % 4.4 % 3.9 % Terminal capitalization rate 1 4.3 – 4.9% 4.8 – 5.1% n/a n/a 7.7 % 8.0 % n/a n/a Terminal year 2044 2042 2051 2048 2042 2041 2036 2036 1. Terminal capitalization rate applies only to hydroelectric assets in North America and Colombia. Terminal values are included in the valuation of hydroelectric assets in the U.S., Canada and Colombia. For the hydroelectric assets in Brazil, cash flows have been included based on the duration of the authorization or useful life of a concession asset without consideration of potential renewal value. The weighted-average remaining duration as at December 31, 2022, which includes a one-time 30-year renewal for applicable hydroelectric assets completed in the current year, is 35 years (2021 – 31 years). Consequently, there is no terminal value attributed to the hydroelectric assets in Brazil. Key assumptions on contracted generation and future power pricing are summarized below: AS AT DEC. 31, 2022 Total Generation Contracted under Power Purchase Agreements Power Prices from Long-Term Power Purchase Agreements (weighted average) Estimates of Future Electricity Prices (weighted average) 1 – 10 years 11 – 20 years 1 – 10 years 11 – 20 years 1 – 10 years 11 – 20 years North America (prices in US$/MWh) 54 % 16 % 88 74 93 135 Brazil (prices in R$/MWh) 75 % 43 % 336 387 290 387 Colombia (prices in COP$/MWh) 32 % 2 % 293 352 376 554 Europe (prices in €/MWh) 90 % 65 % 72 66 62 74 T he company’s estimate of future renewable power pricing is based on management’s estimate of the cost of securing new energy from renewable sources to meet future demand between 2026 and 2035 (2021 – between 2025 and 2035), which will maintain system reliability and provide adequate levels of reserve generation. b) Infrastructure Our infrastructure PP&E consists of the following: Utilities Transport Midstream Data Sustainable Resources and Other Total AS AT AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DEC. 31 (MILLIONS) 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 Cost, beginning of year $ 7,582 $ 9,306 $ 8,999 $ 8,698 $ 14,862 $ 4,321 $ 8,324 $ 8,593 $ 2 $ 294 $ 39,769 $ 31,212 Additions, net of disposals and assets reclassified as held for sale 345 (1,788) 642 312 780 511 561 (103) — (294) 2,328 (1,362) Acquisitions through business combinations 108 180 — 134 — 9,865 53 — — — 161 10,179 Foreign currency translation (743) (116) (356) (145) (963) 165 (754) (166) (2) 2 (2,818) (260) Cost, end of year 7,292 7,582 9,285 8,999 14,679 14,862 8,184 8,324 — 2 39,440 39,769 Accumulated fair value changes, beginning of year 1,626 2,917 1,045 1,047 408 338 — — (2) 324 3,077 4,626 Disposition and assets reclassified as held for sale — (1,399) — — — — — — — (244) — (1,643) Fair value changes 176 134 112 48 118 70 — — — (80) 406 172 Foreign currency translation (178) (26) (53) (50) (3) — — — 2 (2) (232) (78) Accumulated fair value changes, end of year 1,624 1,626 1,104 1,045 523 408 — — — (2) 3,251 3,077 Accumulated depreciation, beginning of year (1,272) (1,613) (1,668) (1,404) (622) (356) (629) (263) — (35) (4,191) (3,671) Depreciation expenses (326) (352) (468) (481) (418) (270) (384) (419) — (4) (1,596) (1,526) Dispositions and assets reclassified as held for sale 21 682 9 161 11 20 41 45 — 38 82 946 Foreign currency translation 121 11 87 56 47 (16) 52 8 — 1 307 60 Accumulated depreciation, end of year (1,456) (1,272) (2,040) (1,668) (982) (622) (920) (629) — — (5,398) (4,191) Balance, end of year $ 7,460 $ 7,936 $ 8,349 $ 8,376 $ 14,220 $ 14,648 $ 7,264 $ 7,695 $ — $ — $ 37,293 $ 38,655 Infrastructure’s PP&E assets are accounted for under the revaluation model, and the most recent date of revaluation was December 31, 2022. The utilities assets consist of regulated transmission and regulated distribution networks, which are operated primarily under regulated rate base arrangements. In the transport operations, the PP&E assets consist of railroads, toll roads and ports. PP&E assets in the midstream operations are comprised of energy transmission, distribution and storage. Data PP&E include mainly telecommunications towers, fiber optic networks and data storage assets. Valuations utilize significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) when determining the fair value of infrastructure’s utilities, transport, midstream and data assets. The significant Level 3 inputs include: Valuation Technique Significant Unobservable Inputs Relationship of Unobservable Inputs to Fair Value Mitigating Factors Discounted cash flow analysis • Future cash flows • Increases (decreases) in future cash flows increase (decrease) fair value • Increases (decreases) in cash flows tend to be accompanied by increases (decreases) in discount rates that may offset changes in fair value from cash flows • Discount rate • Increases (decreases) in discount rate decrease (increase) fair value • Increases (decreases) in discount rates tend to be accompanied by increases (decreases) in cash flows that may offset changes in fair value from discount rates • Terminal capitalization multiple • Increases (decreases) in terminal capitalization multiple increases (decreases) fair value • Increases (decreases) in terminal capitalization multiple tend to be accompanied by increases (decreases) in cash flows that may offset changes in fair value from terminal capitalization multiple • Investment horizon • Increases (decreases) in the investment horizon decrease (increase) fair value • Increases (decreases) in the investment horizon tend to be the result of changing cash flow profiles that may result in higher (lower) growth in cash flows prior to stabilizing in the terminal year Key valuation metrics of the company’s utilities, transport, and midstream assets at the end of 2022 and 2021 are summarized below. Utilities Transport Midstream AS AT DEC. 31 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 Discount rates 7 – 11% 7 – 11% 8 – 14% 7 – 14% 15% 15% Terminal capitalization multiples 18x 20x 9x – 15x 9x – 15x 10x 10x Investment horizon 10 – 20 10 – 20 10 10 5 – 10 5 – 10 c) Real Estate Cost Accumulated Fair Value Changes Accumulated Depreciation Total AS AT AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DEC. 31 (MILLIONS) 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 Balance, beginning of year $ 11,568 $ 9,420 $ 881 $ 393 $ (1,481) $ (1,274) $ 10,968 $ 8,539 Changes in basis of accounting 11 (38) 1 8 31 1 43 (29) Additions/(dispositions) 1 , net of assets reclassified as held for sale 1,202 207 28 (657) 59 268 1,289 (182) Acquisitions through business combinations 3,224 2,172 — — — — 3,224 2,172 Foreign currency translation (638) (193) (35) (2) 115 37 (558) (158) Fair value changes — — 1,039 1,113 — — 1,039 1,113 Depreciation expenses — — — — (523) (513) (523) (513) Impairment charges — — (120) 26 — — (120) 26 Balance, end of year $ 15,367 $ 11,568 $ 1,794 $ 881 $ (1,799) $ (1,481) $ 15,362 $ 10,968 1. For accumulated depreciation, (additions)/dispositions. The company’s real estate PP&E assets include hospitality assets accounted for under the revaluation model, with the most recent revaluation as at December 31, 2022. The company determined fair value for these assets by using the depreciated replacement cost method. Valuations utilize significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) when determining the fair value of real estate assets. The significant Level 3 inputs include estimates of assets’ replacement cost and remaining economic life. d) Private Equity and Other Private equity and other PP&E primarily includes assets owned by the company’s private equity and residential development businesses. These assets are accounted for under the cost model, which requires the assets to be carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. The following table presents the changes to the carrying value of the company’s PP&E assets included in these businesses: Cost Accumulated Impairment Accumulated Depreciation Total AS AT AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DEC. 31 (MILLIONS) 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 Balance, beginning of year $ 21,083 $ 18,601 $ (1,022) $ (873) $ (4,512) $ (3,631) $ 15,549 $ 14,097 Changes in basis of accounting (37) (820) (8) (3) 5 301 (40) (522) Additions/(dispositions) 1 , net of assets reclassified as held for sale 1,443 1,120 41 97 372 271 1,856 1,488 Acquisitions through business combinations 1,502 2,518 — — — — 1,502 2,518 Foreign currency translation (967) (336) 11 (3) 170 34 (786) (305) Depreciation expenses — — — — (1,848) (1,501) (1,848) (1,501) Impairment charges — — 137 (240) — 14 137 (226) Balance, end of year $ 23,024 $ 21,083 $ (841) $ (1,022) $ (5,813) $ (4,512) $ 16,370 $ 15,549 1. For accumulated depreciation, (additions)/dispositions. |