Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies | Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies Inseego Corp. (the “Company” or “Inseego”) is a leader in the design and development of fixed and mobile wireless solutions (advanced 4G and 5G New Radio (“5G NR”)), industrial Internet of Things (“IIoT”) and cloud solutions for large enterprise verticals, service providers and small and medium-sized businesses around the globe. Inseego’s customers include wireless service providers, Fortune 500 enterprises, consumers, governments, and first responders. Product portfolio consists of fixed and mobile device-to-cloud solutions that provide compelling, intelligent, reliable and secure end-to-end IoT services with deep business intelligence. Inseego’s products and solutions, designed and developed in the U.S., power mission critical applications with a “zero unscheduled downtime” mandate, such as 5G fixed wireless access (“FWA”) gateway solutions, 4G and 5G mobile broadband, IIoT applications such as SD WAN failover management, asset tracking and fleet management services. Inseego’s solutions are powered by its key wireless innovations in mobile and FWA technologies, including a suite of products employing the 5G NR standards, and purpose-built SaaS cloud platforms. Inseego is a Delaware corporation formed in 2016 and is the successor to Novatel Wireless, Inc., a Delaware corporation formed in 1996 (“Novatel Wireless”), resulting from an internal reorganization that was completed in November 2016. The Company’s principal executive office is located at 12600 Deerfield Parkway, Suite 100, Alpharetta, GA 30004, its corporate offices are located at 9710 Scranton Road, Suite 200, San Diego CA 92121 and its sales and engineering offices are located throughout the world. Inseego’s common stock trades on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the trading symbol “INSG”. Liquidity The Company had a net loss attributable to Inseego Corp. of $48.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had available cash and cash equivalents totaling $46.5 million and working capital of $52.8 million. On July 30, 2021, the Company completed the sale of its Ctrack business operations in Africa, Pakistan and the Middle East (together “Ctrack South Africa”). Initial cash proceeds of approximately $36.6 million were received. Net cash proceeds received were $31.5 million, net of cash divested of $5.0 million. Final cash proceeds were subject to certain post-closing working capital adjustments which totaled $2.6 million, out of which $2.2 million was received on October 29, 2021, and the remaining $0.4 million was offset with the Company’s existing accounts payable balance to an affiliate of Convergence Partners (“Convergence”), an investment management firm in South Africa. On January 25, 2021, the Company entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement with Canaccord Genuity LLC (the “Agent”), pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time, through or to the Agent, up to $40.0 million of shares of its common stock (the ”ATM Offering”). In January 2021, the Company sold 1,516,073 shares of common stock, at an average price of $20.11 per share, for net proceeds of $29.4 million, after deducting underwriter fees and discounts of $0.9 million, and other offering fees, pursuant to the ATM Offering. During the quarter ended September 30, 2020, certain holders of the 2025 Notes converted approximately $13.5 million in principal amount of the 2025 Notes into 1,177,156 shares of the Company’s common stock in accordance with the terms of such notes. As of December 31, 2021, the Company’s outstanding debt primarily consisted of $161.9 million in principal amount of 2025 Notes. In the first quarter of 2020, $59.9 million of the Company’s 5.5% convertible senior notes due 2022 (the “2022 Notes” formerly referred to as the “Inseego Notes”) were exchanged for common stock in private exchange transactions. Additionally, in the second quarter of 2020, the Company restructured its outstanding debt by completing a $100.0 million registered public offering (the “Offering”) of 3.25% convertible senior notes due 2025 (the “2025 Notes”) and also entered into privately-negotiated exchange agreements (“Exchange Agreements”), pursuant to which an aggregate of $45.0 million in principal amount of the 2022 Notes were exchanged for an aggregate of $32.0 million in cash and $80.4 million in principal amount of the 2025 Notes (the “Private Exchange Transactions”). The Company also used a portion of the proceeds from the Offering to repay in full its previous term loan. In the third quarter of 2020, the Company redeemed the remaining $2,000 principal amount of the 2022 Notes. On March 6, 2020, the Company issued and sold 25,000 shares of Fixed-Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series E, par value $0.001 per share (the “Series E Preferred Stock”), for an aggregate purchase price of $25.0 million. The Company has a history of operating and net losses and overall usage of cash from operating and investing activities. The Company believes that its cash and cash equivalents, together with anticipated cash flows from operations, will be sufficient to meet its cash flow needs for the next twelve months from the filing date of this report. The Company’s ability to attain more profitable operations and continue to generate positive cash flow is dependent upon achieving a level and mix of revenues adequate to support its evolving cost structure. If events or circumstances occur such that the Company does not meet its operating plan as expected, or if the Company becomes obligated to pay unforeseen expenditures as a result of ongoing litigation, the Company may be required to raise capital, reduce planned research and development activities, incur additional restructuring charges or reduce other operating expenses which could have an adverse impact on its ability to achieve its intended business objectives. The Company’s liquidity could be impaired if there is any interruption in its business operations, a material failure to satisfy its contractual commitments or a failure to generate revenue from new or existing products. There can be no assurance that any required or desired restructuring or financing will be available on terms favorable to the Company, or at all. Additionally, the Company is uncertain of the full extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will impact the Company’s business, operations and financial results. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Segment Information Management has determined that the Company has one reportable segment. The Chief Executive Officer, who is also the Chief Operating Decision Maker, does not manage any part of the Company separately, and the allocation of resources and assessment of performance is based solely on the Company’s consolidated operations and operating results. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and disclosure of contingent liabilities. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates. Estimates are assessed each period and updated to reflect current information, such as the economic considerations related to the impact that the novel coronavirus pandemic ("COVID-19") could have on our significant accounting estimates. Significant estimates include revenue recognition, capitalized software costs, allowance for credit losses, provision for excess and obsolete inventory, valuation of intangible and long-lived assets, valuation of goodwill, valuation of derivatives, accruals relating to litigation, income taxes, and share-based compensation expense. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are generally held with large financial institutions worldwide to reduce the amount of exposure to any credit risk. Restricted cash consists of Company funds in escrow with a financial institution as collateral for potential future uninsured warranty claims related to the divestiture of Ctrack South Africa. See Note 5. Business Divestiture for additional information about the divestiture of Ctrack South Africa. Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash are recorded at market value, which approximates cost. Gains and losses associated with the Company’s foreign currency denominated demand deposits are recorded as a component of other income, net, in the consolidated statements of operations. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as reported within the consolidated balance sheets to “Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period” as reported within the consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands): December 31, 2021 2020 Cash and cash equivalents $ 46,474 $ 40,015 Restricted cash 3,338 — Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period $ 49,812 $ 40,015 Revenue Recognition The Company generates revenue from a broad range of product sales including intelligent wireless hardware products for the worldwide mobile communications and industrial IoT markets. The Company’s products principally include intelligent mobile hotspots, wireless routers for IoT applications, USB modems, integrated telematics and mobile tracking hardware devices, which are supported by applications software and cloud services designed to enable customers to easily analyze data insights and configure and manage their hardware. The Company classifies its revenues from the sale of its products and services into two distinct groupings, specifically IoT & Mobile Solutions and Enterprise SaaS Solutions. Both IoT & Mobile Solutions and Enterprise SaaS Solutions revenues include any hardware and software required for the respective solution. Net revenues by product grouping for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 were as follows (in thousands): Year Ended 2021 2020 2019 IoT & Mobile Solutions $ 217,984 $ 261,169 $ 160,873 Enterprise SaaS Solutions 44,415 52,663 58,623 Total $ 262,399 $ 313,832 $ 219,496 See geographic disaggregation information in Note 13. Geographic Information and Concentrations of Risk . IoT & Mobile Solutions . The IoT & Mobile Solutions portfolio is comprised of end-to-end edge to cloud solutions including 4G LTE mobile broadband gateways, routers, modems, hotspots, HD quality VoLTE based wireless home phones, cloud management software and an advanced 5G portfolio of products (currently in various stages of development). The solutions are offered under the MiFi TM brand for consumer and business markets, and under the Skyus brand for industrial IoT markets. IoT & Mobile Solutions also includes Inseego Subscribe TM , a hosted SaaS platform that helps organizations manage the selection, deployment and spend of their customer’s wireless assets, helping them save money on personnel and telecom expenses. Enterprise SaaS Solutions . The Enterprise SaaS Solutions portfolio consists of various subscription offerings to gain access to the Company’ s Ctrack tel ematics platforms, which provide fleet vehicle, aviation ground vehicle and asset tracking and performance information, and other telematics applications. Contracts with Customers The Company follows Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (as amended, “ASC 606”), which provides guidance on recognizing revenue, including a five-step model to determine when revenue recognition is appropriate. The standard requires that an entity recognize revenue to depict the transfer of control of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Company routinely enters into a variety of agreements with customers, including quality agreements, pricing agreements and master supply agreements which outline the general commercial terms and conditions under which the Company does business with a specific customer, including shipping terms and pricing for the products and services that the Company offers. The Company also sells to some customers solely based on purchase orders. The Company has concluded, for the vast majority of its revenues, that its contracts with customers are either a purchase order or the combination of a purchase order with a master supply agreement. The Company determines revenue recognition through the following five steps: 1) identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer; 2) identification of the performance obligations in the contract; 3) determination of the transaction price; 4) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and 5) recognition of revenue when, or as, performance obligations are satisfied. The Company accounts for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable. The Company’s performance obligations are established when a customer submits a purchase order notification (in writing, electronically or verbally) for goods and services, and the Company accepts the order. The Company identifies performance obligations as the delivery of the requested product or service in appropriate quantities and to the location specified in the customer’s contract and/or purchase order. The Company generally recognizes revenue upon the satisfaction of these criteria when control of the product or service has been transferred to the customer at which time it has an unconditional right to receive payment. The Company’s prices are fixed and have no history of being affected by contingent events that could impact the transaction price. The Company does not offer price concessions and does not accept payment that is less than the price stated when it accepts the purchase order. Revenue Recognition Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products or services. The Company enters into contracts that may include various combinations of products and services which are generally capable of being distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations. Hardware. Hardware revenue from the sale of the Company’s IoT & Mobile Solutions devices is recognized when the Company transfers control to the customer, typically at the time when the product is delivered, shipped or installed at which time the title passes to the customer, and there are no further performance obligations with regards to the hardware device. SaaS and Other Services. SaaS subscription revenue is recognized over time on a ratable basis over the contract term beginning on the date that its service is made available to the customer. Subscription periods range from monthly to multi-year, with the majority of contracts being one to three years. Telematics includes a device which collects and transmits the information from the vehicle or other asset. The Company’s customers have an option to purchase the monitoring device or lease it over the term of the contract. If the customer purchases the hardware device, the Company recognizes the revenue at a point in time as discussed above in the hardware revenue recognition disclosure. Because the Company’s rental asset lease contracts qualify as operating leases under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 842, Leases (“ASC 842”) , and the contracts also include services to operate the underlying asset, and to maintain the asset, the Company has elected the practical expedient to combine the lease and the non-lease components because the service is the predominant element in the eyes of the customer and the pattern of service delivery is the same for both elements. The Company recognizes revenue over time on a ratable basis over the term of the contract. Maintenance and support services revenue. Within cost of revenue, the Company records an estimate to reflect its standard warranty obligation to end users to provide for replacement of a defective product. The standard obligation period for most regions is 12 months. Factors that affect the warranty obligation include product failure rates, material usage, and service delivery costs incurred in correcting product failures. The Company’s estimated allowances for product warranties can vary from actual results and the Company may have to record additional charges to cost of revenue. Periodically, the Company sells separately-priced warranty contracts that extend beyond the Company’s base warranty period. The separately priced service contracts range from 12 months to 36 months. The Company typically receives payment at the inception of the contract and recognizes revenue as earned on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract. Professional services revenue. From time to time, the Company enters into special engineering design service agreements. Revenues from engineering design services are designed to meet specifications of a particular product, and therefore do not create an asset with an alternative use. The Company recognizes revenue based on the achievement of certain applicable milestones and the amount of payment the Company believes it is entitled to at the time. With respect to revenue related to third party product sales or other arrangements that involve the services of another party, for which the Company does not control the sale or service and acts as an agent to the transaction, the Company recognizes revenue on a net basis. The portion of the gross amount billed to customers that is remitted by the Company to another party is not reflected as revenue. Multiple Performance Obligations The Company’s contracts with customers may include commitments to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. When hardware, software and services are sold in various combinations, judgment is required to determine whether each performance obligation is considered distinct and accounted for separately, or not distinct and accounted for together with other performance obligations. The Company considered the performance obligations in its customer master supply agreements and determined that, for the majority of its revenue, the Company generally satisfies performance obligations at a point in time upon delivery of the product to the customer. In instances where the software elements included within hardware for various products are considered to be functioning together with non-software elements to provide the tangible product’s essential functionality, these arrangements are accounted for as a single distinct performance obligation. Judgment is required to determine the stand-alone selling price (“SSP”) for each distinct performance obligation. When available, the Company uses observable inputs to determine SSP. In instances where SSP is not directly observable, such as when the Company does not sell the product or service separately, it determines the SSP based on a cost-plus model as market and other observable inputs are seldom present based on the proprietary nature of the Company’s products. Contract Assets The Company capitalizes sales commissions earned by its sales force when they are considered to be incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. These costs are deferred and then amortized over a period of benefit. There were no significant amounts of assets recorded related to contract costs as of December 31, 2021 or 2020. Applying the practical expedient in paragraph 40-25-4 of ASC 340, Other Assets and Deferred Costs , the Company recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the assets that the Company otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. These costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. Contract Liabilities Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. If customers are invoiced for subscription services in advance of the service period, deferred revenue liabilities, or contract liabilities, are recorded. Deferred revenue liabilities, or contract liabilities, are also recorded when the Company collects payments in advance of performing the services. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had $3.8 million and $3.0 million, respectively, of contract liabilities included within accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Significant Judgments in the Application of the Guidance in ASC 606 Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment. The Company considered the performance obligations in its customer master supply agreements and determined that, for the majority of its revenue, the Company generally satisfies performance obligations at a point in time upon delivery of the product to the customer. Revenues from the Company’s SaaS subscription services represent a single promise to provide continuous access to its software solutions and their processing capabilities in the form of a service through one of the Company’s data centers or a hosted data center. As each day of providing access to the software is substantially the same, and the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits as access is provided, the Company has determined that its subscription services arrangements include a single performance obligation comprised of a series of distinct services. The Company’s SaaS subscriptions also include an unspecified volume of call center support and any remote system diagnostic and software upgrades as needed. These services are combined with the recurring monthly subscription service since they are highly interrelated and interdependent. Revenue from the Company’s subscription services is recognized over time on a ratable basis over the contract term beginning on the date that the service is made available to the customer. Shipping and Handling Charges Fees charged to customers for shipping and handling of products are included in product revenues, and costs for shipping and handling of products are included as a component of cost of sales. Taxes Collected from Customers Taxes collected on the value of transaction revenue are excluded from product and services revenues and cost of sales and are accrued in current liabilities until remitted to governmental authorities. Allowance for Credit Losses The Company recognizes an allowance for credit loss at the time a receivable is recorded based on its estimate of expected credit losses and adjusts this estimate over the life of the receivable as needed. The Company evaluates the aggregation and risk characteristics of a receivable pool and develops loss rates that reflect historical collections, current forecasts of future economic conditions over the time horizon the Company is exposed to credit risk, and payment terms or conditions that may materially affect future forecasts. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company reported $26.8 million and $29.9 million, respectively, of accounts receivable, net of allowances of $0.4 million and $1.4 million, respectively. The Company has not seen significant changes to the recovery rate of its accounts receivable as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, but it is continuing to actively monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on its expected credit losses. Inventories and Provision for Excess and Obsolete Inventory Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or net realizable value. Shipping and handling costs are classified as a component of cost of net revenues in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company reviews the components of its inventory and its inventory purchase commitments on a regular basis for excess and obsolete inventory based on estimated future usage and sales. Write-downs in inventory value or losses on inventory purchase commitments depend on various items, including factors related to customer demand, economic and competitive conditions, technological advances or new product introductions by the Company or its customers that vary from its current expectations. Whenever inventory is written down, a new cost basis is established and the inventory is not subsequently written up if market conditions improve. The Company believes that, when made, the estimates used in calculating the inventory provision are reasonable and properly reflect the risk of excess and obsolete inventory. If customer demand for the Company’s inventory is substantially less than its estimates, inventory write-downs may be required, which could have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial statements. Intangible Assets Intangible assets include purchased finite-lived and indefinite-lived intangible assets resulting from the acquisitions of DigiCore Holdings Limited (“DigiCore” or “Ctrack”) and R.E.R. Enterprises, Inc. (“RER”) and its wholly owned subsidiary and principal operating asset, Feeney Wireless, LLC (which was renamed Inseego North America, LLC) (“INA”), along with the costs of non-exclusive and perpetual worldwide software technology licenses and capitalized software developments costs for both internal and external use. Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets (see Note 3. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets ). Software Development Costs for External Use Software development costs for external use are expensed as incurred until technological feasibility has been established, at which time those costs are capitalized as intangible assets until the software is available for general release to customers. Capitalized software development costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated economic life. The straight-line recognition method approximates the manner in which the expected benefit will be derived. At each balance sheet date, the unamortized capitalized software development costs for external use is compared to the net realizable value of that product by analyzing critical inputs such as expected future lifetime revenue. The amount by which unamortized software costs exceed the net realizable value, if any, is recognized as a charge to amortization expense in the period it is determined. Costs incurred to enhance existing software or after the software is available for general release to customers are expensed in the period they are incurred and included in research and development expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Software Development Costs for Internal Use Costs incurred in the preliminary stages of development are expensed as incurred and included in research and development expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Once an application has reached the development stage, internal and external costs, if direct and incremental, are capitalized until the software is substantially complete and ready for its intended use. Capitalization ceases upon completion of all substantial testing performed to ensure the product is ready for its intended use. The Company also capitalizes costs related to specific upgrades and enhancements of internal-use software when it is probable that the expenditures will result in additional functionality. Maintenance and training costs are expensed as incurred. Capitalized internal-use software costs are recorded as part of intangible assets and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the software, and included in general and administrative expense in the consolidated statement of operations. The Company tests these assets for impairment whenever events or circumstances occur that could impact their recoverability. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 the Company recorded $1.2 million, $1.4 million and zero impairment loss, respectively, related to software development costs for internal use. Valuation of Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets Indefinite-lived intangible assets, including in-process capitalized software development costs, are not amortized; however, they are tested for impairment annually, and between annual tests, if certain events occur indicating that the carrying amounts may be impaired. The Company performs an annual impairment review of indefinite-lived assets during the fourth fiscal quarter of each year, and more frequently if the Company believes indicators of impairment exist. To review for impairment, the Company first assesses qualitative factors to determine whether events or circumstances lead to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the Company’s reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. The Company’s qualitative assessment of the recoverability of indefinite-lived assets is based on various macroeconomic, industry-specific, and company specific factors. These factors include: (i) industry or economic trends; (ii) current, historical, or projected financial performance, and; (iii) the Company’s market capitalization. After assessing the totality of events and circumstances, if the Company determines that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of the Company’s reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, no further assessment is performed. If the Company determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the Company’s reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the Company calculates the fair value of the reporting unit and compares the fair value to the reporting unit’s net book value. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 the Company recorded zero impairment loss related to indefinite-lived intangible assets. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess purchase price over estimated fair value of net assets of businesses acquired in a business combination. The Company’s goodwill results from the acquisitions of Ctrack and RER. Valuation of Goodwill Indefinite-lived intangible assets, including goodwill, are not amortized; however, they are tested for impairment annually, and between annual tests, if certain events occur indicating that the carrying amounts may be impaired. The Company performs an annual impairment review of indefinite-lived assets during the fourth fiscal quarter of each year, and more frequently if the Company believes indicators of impairment exist. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level by first assessing qualitative factors to determine whether events or circumstances lead to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the Company’s reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. The Company’s qualitative assessment of the recoverability of indefinite-lived assets is based on various macroeconomic, industry-specific, and company specific factors. These factors include: (i) industry or economic trends; (ii) current, historical, or projected financial performance, and; (iii) the Company’s market capitalization. After assessing the totality of events and circumstances, if the Company determines that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of the Company’s reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, no further assessment is performed. If the Company determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the Company’s reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the Company calculates the fair value of the reporting unit and compares the fair value to the reporting unit’s net book value. The Company identified two reporting units for the purpose of goodwill impairment testing, Ctrack and INA, and performed a qualitative test for goodwill impairment of the two reporting units during the fourth fiscal quarter. Based upon the results of the qualitative testing, the Company believed that it was more-likely-than-not that the fair value of these reporting units were grea |