SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Description of Business Immersion Corporation (the “Company”) was incorporated in 1993 in California and reincorporated in Delaware in 1999. The Company focuses on the creation, design, development, and licensing of innovative haptic technologies that allow people to use their sense of touch more fully as they engage with products and experience the digital world around them. The Company has adopted a business model under which it provides advanced tactile software, related tools, and technical assistance designed to help integrate its patented technology into its customers’ products or enhance the functionality of its patented technology to certain customers; and offers licenses to the Company's patented technology to other customers. Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Immersion Corporation and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Immersion Canada Corporation; Immersion International, LLC; Immersion Medical, Inc.; Immersion Japan K.K.; Immersion Ltd.; Immersion Software Ireland Ltd.; Haptify, Inc.; Immersion (Shanghai) Science & Technology Company, Ltd.; and Immersion Technology International Ltd. All intercompany accounts, transactions, and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company has prepared the accompanying consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP. Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in accordance with U.S. GAAP and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates include valuation of income taxes including uncertain tax provisions, and revenue recognition. Actual results may differ materially from those estimates which were made based on the best information known to management at that time. Significant Accounting Policies Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original or remaining maturity of less than three months at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Short-term Investments The Company’s short-term investments consist primarily of U.S treasury bills with an original or remaining maturity of greater than 90 days on the date of purchase. These investments are carried at fair market value. The Company classifies securities with readily determinable market values as available-for-sale. Even though the stated maturity dates of these debt securities may be one year or more beyond the balance sheet date, the Company has classified all debt securities as short-term investments as they are reasonably expected to be realized in cash or sold within one year. Unrealized gains or losses on such securities are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity. Realized gains and losses from maturities of all such securities are reported in earnings and computed using the specific identification cost method. Realized gains or losses and charges for other-than-temporary declines in value, if any, on available-for-sale securities are reported in other income (expense), net, as incurred. We periodically evaluate these investments for other-than-temporary impairment. Fair Value of Financial Instruments Financial instruments consist primarily of cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable and accounts payable. Cash equivalents and short-term investments are stated at fair value based on quoted market prices, broker or dealer quotations, or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency. The recorded cost of accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate the fair value of the respective assets and liabilities. Property and Equipment Property is stated at cost and is depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the related asset. The estimated useful lives are typically as follows: Computer equipment and purchased software 3 years Machinery and equipment 3-5 years Furniture and fixtures 5 years Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or their estimated useful life. Long-lived Assets The Company evaluates its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of that asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss would be recognized when the sum of the undiscounted future net cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition is less than its carrying amount. Measurement of an impairment loss for long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangible assets that management expects to hold and use is based on the fair value of the asset. Leases The Company leases all of its office space pursuant to lease arrangements, each of which have expiration dates on or before February 29, 2024 . The Company's operating leases are accounted for as right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liability obligations in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets under Other assets, Other current liabilities and Other long-term liabilities, respectively. ROU assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liability obligations represent the Company's obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The Company has lease agreements that combine lease and non-lease components, and the Company elects to account for such components as a single lease component. As the Company's leases typically do not provide an implicit rate, the Company estimates its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. ROU assets also include any lease payments made and exclude lease incentives and direct costs. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company elects to not present leases with an initial term of 12 months or less on its Consolidated Balance Sheet. Revenue Recognition The Company's revenue is primarily derived from fixed fee license agreements and per-unit royalty agreements, along with less significant revenue earned from development, services and other revenue. Fixed fee license revenue The Company recognizes revenue from a fixed fee license agreement when the Company's performance obligation is satisfied, which typically occurs upon the transfer of rights to the Company's technology upon the execution of the license agreement. In certain contracts, the Company grants a license to its existing patent portfolio at the inception of the license agreement as well as rights to the portfolio as it evolves throughout the contract term. For such arrangements, the Company has two separate performance obligations: • Performance Obligation A: transfer of rights to the Company's patent portfolio as it exists when the contract is executed; • Performance Obligation B: transfer of rights to the Company's patent portfolio as it evolves over the term of the contract, including access to new patent applications that the licensee can benefit from over the term of the contract. If a fixed fee license agreement contains only Performance Obligation A, the Company will recognize most or all of the revenue from the agreement at the inception of the contract. For fixed fee license agreements that contain both Performance Obligation A and B, the Company will allocate the transaction price based on the standalone price for each of the two performance obligations. The Company uses a number of factors primarily related to the attributes of its patent portfolio to estimate standalone prices related to Performance Obligation A and B. Once the transaction price is allocated, the portion of the transaction price allocable to Performance Obligation A will be recognized in the quarter the license agreement is signed and the customer can benefit from rights provided in the contract, and the portion allocable to Performance Obligation B will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract term. For such contracts, a contract liability account will be established and included within deferred revenue on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As the rights and obligations in a contract are interdependent, contract assets and contract liabilities that arise in the same contract are presented on a net basis. Some of the Company's license agreements contain fixed fees related to past infringements. Such fixed fees are recognized as revenue or recorded as a deduction to the Company's operating expense in the quarter the license agreement is signed. Payments for fixed fee license contracts typically are due in full within 30 - 45 days from execution of the contract. From time to time, the Company enters into a fixed fee license contract with payments due in a number of installments payable throughout the contract term. In such cases, the Company will determine if a significant financing component exists and if it does, the Company will recognize more or less revenue and corresponding interest expense or income, as appropriate. Per-unit Royalty revenue ASC 606 requires an entity to record per-unit royalty revenue in the same period in which the licensee’s underlying sales occur. As the Company generally does not receive the per-unit licensee royalty reports for sales during a given quarter within the time frame that allows the Company to adequately review the reports and include the actual amounts in its quarterly results for such quarter, the Company accrues the related revenue based on estimates of its licensees’ underlying sales, subject to certain constraints on its ability to estimate such amounts. The Company develops such estimates based on a combination of available data including, but not limited to, approved customer forecasts, a lookback at historical royalty reporting for each of its customers, and industry information available for the licensed products. As a result of accruing per-unit royalty revenue for the quarter based on such estimates, adjustments will be required in the following quarter to true up revenue to the actual amounts reported by its licensees. During the three months ended December 31, 2019, the Company recorded adjustments to decrease royalty revenue by $247,000 . This adjustment represents the difference between the actual per-unit royalty revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2019 as reported by the Company's licensees during the three months ended December 31, 2019 and the estimated per-unit royalty revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2019 that the Company reported during the three months ended September 30, 2019. The Company recorded adjustments to decrease royalty revenue by $143,000 during the three months ended September 30, 2019. During the three months ended June 30 and March 31, 2019, the Company recorded adjustments to increase royalty revenue by $234,000 and $149,000 , respectively, based on actual sales that occurred in the previous quarters. During the three months ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded an adjustment to increase revenue by $189,000 and during the three months ended September 30 and June 30, 2018, the Company recorded adjustments to decrease royalty revenue by $333,000 and $326,000 , respectively, based on actual sales that occurred in the previous quarters. The Company had no true-ups for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Certain of the Company's per-unit royalty agreements contains minimum royalty provision which sets forth minimum amounts to be received by the Company during the contract term. Under ASC 606, minimum royalties are considered a fixed transaction price to which the Company will have an unconditional right once all other performance obligations, if any, are satisfied. The Company recognizes all minimum royalties as revenue at the inception of the license agreement or in the period in which all remaining revenue recognition criteria have been met. The Company accounts for the unbilled minimum royalties as contract assets on a contract basis on its Consolidated Balance Sheets, and the balance of such contract assets will be reduced by the actual royalties to be reported by the licensee during the contract term until fully utilized, after which point any excess per-unit royalties reported will be recognized as revenue. As the rights and obligations in a contract are interdependent, contract assets and contract liabilities that arise in the same contract are presented on a net basis. Payments of per-unit royalties typically are due within 30 to 60 days from the end of the calendar quarter in which the underlying sales took place. Development, services, and other revenue As the performance obligation related to the Company's development, service and other revenue is satisfied over a period of time, the Company recognizes such revenue evenly as the performance obligation is satisfied which is generally consistent with the period of performance obligation, which is generally consistent with the contractual term. Deferred Revenue Deferred revenue consists of amounts that have been invoiced or paid, but have not been recognized as revenue. The amounts are primarily derived from the Company's fixed license fee agreements under which the Company is obliged to transfer both rights to its patent portfolio that exists when the contract is executed and rights to its patent portfolio as it evolves over the contract term. Refer to Note 2, Revenue Recognition for detailed discussion. Deferred revenue that will be recognizable during the succeeding 12-month period is recorded as current, and the remaining deferred revenue is recorded as non-current. Advertising Advertising costs (including obligations under cooperative marketing programs) are expensed as incurred and included in sales and marketing expense. Advertising expense was as follows (in thousands): Year ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 Advertising expense $ 173 $ 67 $ 221 Research and Development Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Income Taxes The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, income tax expense is recognized for the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year. In addition, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and for operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized and are reversed at such time that realization is believed to be more likely than not. Software Development Costs Costs for the development of new software products and substantial enhancements to existing software products are expensed as incurred until technological feasibility has been established, at which time any additional costs would be capitalized. The Company considers technological feasibility to be established upon completion of a working model of the software. Because the Company believes its current process for developing software is essentially completed concurrently with the establishment of technological feasibility, no costs have been capitalized to date. Stock-based Compensation Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period. Concentration of Credit Risks Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk principally consist of cash, cash equivalents, short term investments, and accounts receivable. The Company is also subject to a concentration of revenues given certain key licensees that contributed a significant portion of the Company's total revenue. See Note 13. Segment Reporting, Geographic Information and Significant Customers of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more details on customer revenue concentration. The Company invests primarily in money market accounts and highly liquid debt instruments purchased with an original or remaining maturity of greater than 90 days on the date of purchase. Deposits held with banks may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. Generally, these deposits may be redeemed upon demand. The Company licenses technology primarily to companies in North America, Europe, and Asia. To reduce credit risk, management performs periodic credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition. The Company periodically evaluates potential credit losses to ensure adequate reserves are maintained, but historically the Company has not experienced any significant losses related to individual customers or groups of customers in any particular industry or geographic area. As such, the Company had zero reserves for the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 due to its low credit risk. Certain Significant Risks and Uncertainties The Company operates in multiple industries and its operations can be affected by a variety of factors. For example, management believes that changes in any of the following areas could have a negative effect on the Company's future financial position and results of operations: the mix of revenues; the loss of significant customers; fundamental changes in the technologies underlying the Company’s and its licensees’ products; market acceptance of the Company’s and its licensees’ products under development; development of sales channels; litigation or other claims in which the Company is involved; the ability to successfully assert its patent rights against others; the impact of changing economic conditions; the hiring, training, and retention of key employees; successful and timely completion of product and technology development efforts; and new product or technology introductions by competitors. Foreign Currency Translation The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is U. S. dollars. Accordingly, gains and losses from the translation of the financial statements of the foreign subsidiaries and foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In July 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2018-09 Codification Improvemen t (“ASU 2018-09”). This ASU amends a wide variety of Topics in the Codification issued by FASB with technical corrections, clarifications, and other minor improvements, and should eliminate the need for periodic agenda requests for narrow and incremental items. Many of the amendments in this ASU are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 for public entities. The Company adopted this ASU as of January 1, 2019. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07 Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Non-employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (”ASU 2018-07”). This ASU expands the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transaction for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees and supersedes subtopic 505-50. The Company adopted this ASU as of January 1, 2019. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02 Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (“ASU 2018-02”). The amendments in this ASU allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Act. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this ASU as of January 1, 2019. The amount of stranded tax effects that was reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss was not material to the Company's consolidated financial statements. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02 Leases: Topic 842 (“ASU 2016-02”) in order to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for those leases classified as operating leases under prior U.S. GAAP. Subsequently, the FASB issued numerous amendments to the initial guidance including ASU 2017-13, ASU 2018-10, ASU 2018-11, ASU 2018-20 and ASU 2019-01 (collectively, “ASC 842”). ASC 842 requires that a lessee should recognize a liability to make lease payments (“Lease Liabilities”) and a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term on the balance sheet. ASC 842 also requires additional disclosures related to key information about leasing arrangements, including, but not limited to, amounts, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The Company adopted ASC 842 on January 1, 2019 (the “Adoption Date”), using the alternative modified transition method, which requires a cumulative-effect adjustment, if any, to the opening balance of accumulated deficit to be recognized on the Adoption Date, with prior periods not restated. The Company elected certain practical expedients, including 1) not to reassess prior conclusions related to the identification, classification and accounting for initial direct costs for leases, 2) not to use hindsight to determine lease terms, 3) to not separate non-lease components within our lease portfolio, and 4) not to present leases with an initial term of 12 months or less on its Consolidated Balance Sheets. The adoption of ASC 842 resulted in the recognition of ROU assets of $4.0 million and lease liabilities for operating leases of $4.9 million . There was no cumulative effect adjustment recognized on the beginning accumulated deficit as a result of the adoption. The comparative period presented in this Form 10-K reflects the former lease U.S. GAAP accounting guidance. See Note 11. Leases for further information. Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In December 2019, the FASB issued Accounting Standard Update No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (ASU 2019-12), which simplifies the accounting for income taxes. This guidance will be effective for us in the first quarter of 2021 on a prospective basis, and early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on our consolidated financial statements. In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). This guidance requires financial assets measured at amortized cost to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected based on historical events, current conditions and forecast information. The standard will be effective for the first interim period within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 as of January 1, 2020. The adoption of this new accounting standard did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. |