Winnebago Industries (WGO) 10-Q2024 Q1 Quarterly report

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

    Smaller Reporting Company ☐        Emerging Growth Company ☐

As of December 13, 2023, there were 29,237,891 shares of common stock, par value $0.50 per share, outstanding.

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Winnebago Industries, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries. Intercompany account balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The use of the terms "Winnebago Industries," "Winnebago," "we," "our," and "us" in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, unless the context otherwise requires, refers to Winnebago Industries, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries.

The interim unaudited consolidated financial statements included herein are prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States (“U.S.”) Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The information furnished in these consolidated financial statements includes normal recurring adjustments, unless noted otherwise in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, and reflects all adjustments that are, in management’s opinion, necessary for a fair presentation of such financial statements. The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”). GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to SEC rules and regulations.

The consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 26, 2023 filed with the SEC. Interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full fiscal year ending August 31, 2024.

In preparing the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements, we have evaluated subsequent events for potential recognition and disclosure through the date of this filing noting no material subsequent events except as disclosed in Note 13.

On April 28, 2023, we purchased 100% of the equity interests of Lithionics Battery, LLC and Lithionics LLC (collectively, "Lithionics"), a premier lithium-ion battery solutions provider to the recreational equipment and specialty vehicle markets. Pro forma results of operations for this acquisition have not been presented as the impact on our consolidated financial statements was not material.

Total transaction costs related to the Lithionics acquisition of $3.1 million were expensed during the third quarter of Fiscal 2023. Transaction costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income.

We have eight operating segments: 1) Grand Design towables, 2) Winnebago towables, 3) Winnebago motorhomes, 4) Newmar motorhomes, 5) Chris-Craft marine, 6) Barletta marine, 7) Winnebago specialty vehicles, and 8) Lithionics. Financial performance is evaluated based on each operating segment's Adjusted Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization ("EBITDA"), as defined below, which excludes certain corporate administration expenses and non-operating income and expense.

Our three reportable segments are: Towable RV (an aggregation of the Grand Design towables and the Winnebago towables operating segments); Motorhome RV (an aggregation of the Winnebago motorhomes and Newmar motorhomes operating segments); and Marine (an aggregation of the Chris-Craft marine and Barletta marine operating segments). Towable RV is comprised of non-motorized RV products that are generally towed by another vehicle, along with other related manufactured products and services. Motorhome RV is comprised of products that include a motorhome chassis, along with other related manufactured products and services. Marine is comprised of products that include boats, along with other related manufactured products and services.

The Corporate / All Other category includes the Winnebago specialty vehicles and Lithionics operating segments as well as certain corporate administration expenses related to the oversight of the enterprise, such as corporate leadership and administration costs.

Identifiable assets of the reportable segments exclude general corporate assets, which principally consist of cash and cash equivalents and certain deferred tax balances. The general corporate assets are included in the Corporate / All Other category.

Our Chief Executive Officer (the Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM")) regularly reviews consolidated financial results in their entirety and operating segment financial information through Adjusted EBITDA and has ultimate responsibility for enterprise decisions. Our CODM is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the consolidated enterprise, reportable segments and between operating segments. Management of each operating segment has responsibility for operating decisions, allocating resources and assessing performance within their respective operating segment. The accounting policies of all reportable segments are the same as those described in Note 1 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 26, 2023.

We monitor and evaluate operating performance of our reportable segments based on Adjusted EBITDA. We believe disclosing Adjusted EBITDA is useful to securities analysts, investors and other interested parties when evaluating companies in our industries. EBITDA is defined as net income before interest expense, provision for income taxes, and depreciation and amortization expense. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income before interest expense, provision for income taxes, depreciation and amortization expense, and other pretax adjustments made in order to present comparable results period over period. Examples of items excluded from Adjusted EBITDA include acquisition-related costs, contingent consideration fair value adjustment, and non-operating income or loss.

Financial information by reportable segment is as follows:

Reconciliation of net income to consolidated Adjusted EBITDA is as follows:

Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are as follows:

Our assets that fund deferred compensation are marketable equity securities measured at fair value using quoted market prices and primarily consist of equity-based mutual funds. These securities, used to fund the Executive Deferred Compensation Plan, are classified as Level 1 as they are traded in an active market for which closing stock prices are readily available. Refer to Note 11 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 26, 2023 for additional information regarding these plans.

The proportion of the assets that will fund the deferred compensation payments within a year are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The remaining assets are classified as non-current and are included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Contingent consideration represents the earnout liability related to the Barletta acquisition and is valued using a probability-weighted scenario analysis of projected gross profit results and discounted at a risk-free rate. The contingent consideration is classified as Level 3. Actual gross profit results may differ significantly from those used in the estimate above, which may affect future payments. Changes in future payments will be reflected in future operating results as they occur. As of November 25, 2023 and August 26, 2023, the entire earnout liability was included in other current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Refer to Note 2 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 26, 2023 for additional information regarding the contingent consideration earnout provisions.

The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the contingent consideration:

Certain financial instruments are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These assets primarily include goodwill, intangible assets, property, plant and equipment, and right-of-use lease assets. These assets were originally recognized at amounts equal to the fair value determined at date of acquisition or purchase. If certain triggering events occur, or if an annual impairment test is required, we will evaluate the non-financial asset for impairment. If an impairment has occurred, the asset will be written down to its current estimated fair value. No impairments were recorded for non-financial assets in the three months ended November 25, 2023 or November 26, 2022.

Certain financial instruments are not measured at fair value but are recorded at carrying amounts approximating fair value based on their short-term nature. These financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accounts payable, and other payables. If these instruments were measured at fair value in the financial statements, they would be classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy.

Long-term debt is recorded at amortized cost but measured at fair value for disclosure purposes. The fair value of our long-term debt was determined using current quoted prices in active markets for our publicly traded debt obligations, which is classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. See Note 9 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fair value of our long-term debt.

The above inventory value, before reduction for the LIFO reserve, approximates replacement cost at the respective dates.

Depreciation expense was $8.1 million and $6.6 million for the three months ended November 25, 2023 and November 26, 2022, respectively.

We provide certain service and warranty on our products. From time to time, we also voluntarily incur costs for certain warranty-type expenses occurring after the normal warranty period expires to help protect the reputation of our products and maintain the goodwill of our customers. Estimated costs related to product warranty are accrued at the time of sale and are based upon historical warranty and service claims experience. Adjustments are made to accruals as claim data and cost experience becomes available.

In addition to the costs associated with the contractual warranty coverage provided on products, we also occasionally incur costs as a result of additional service actions not covered by warranties, including product recalls and customer satisfaction actions. Although we estimate and reserve for the cost of these service actions when probable and estimable, there can be no assurance that expense levels will remain at current levels or such reserves will continue to be adequate.

On July 15, 2022, we amended and restated our asset-backed revolving credit agreement ("ABL Credit Facility") to, among other things, increase the commitments available from $192.5 million to $350.0 million and extend the maturity date from October 22, 2024 to July 15, 2027 (subject to certain factors which may accelerate the maturity date). The $350.0 million credit facility is on a revolving basis, subject to availability under a borrowing base consisting of eligible accounts receivable and eligible inventory. The ABL Credit Facility is available for issuance of letters of credit to a specified limit of $35.0 million. We pay a commitment fee of 0.25% based on the average daily amount of the facility available, but unused during the most recent quarter. We can elect to base the interest rate on various rates plus specific spreads depending on the borrowing amount outstanding. If drawn, interest on ABL Credit Facility borrowings is at a floating rate based upon our election, either term SOFR or REVSOFR30 (as defined in the ABL

Credit Facility agreement), plus, in each case, a credit spread adjustment of 0.10%, as well as an applicable spread between 1.25% and 1.75%, depending on the usage of the facility during the most recent quarter. Based on current usage, we would pay an applicable spread of 1.25%. In connection with the amendment, we capitalized $1.2 million of issuance costs that are being amortized over the five-year term of the ABL Credit Facility.

On July 8, 2020, we closed our private offering (the “Senior Secured Notes Offering”) of $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.25% Senior Secured Notes due 2028 (the “Senior Secured Notes”). The Senior Secured Notes were issued in accordance with an Indenture dated as of July 8, 2020 (the “Indenture”). The Senior Secured Notes will mature on July 15, 2028 unless earlier redeemed or repurchased. Interest on the Senior Secured Notes accrues starting July 8, 2020 and is payable semi-annually in arrears on January 15 and July 15 of each year, which began on January 15, 2021.

Debt issuance costs incurred and capitalized are amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the associated debt agreement. If early principal payments are made on the Senior Secured Notes, a proportional amount of the unamortized debt issuance costs is expensed. As part of the Senior Secured Notes Offering, we capitalized $7.5 million in debt issuance costs that are being amortized over the eight-year term of the agreement.

Refer to Note 9 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 26, 2023 for additional information regarding these credit agreements.

On November 1, 2019, we issued $300.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 1.5% unsecured convertible senior notes due 2025 (“Convertible Notes”). The net proceeds from the issuance of the Convertible Notes, after deducting the initial purchasers' transaction fees and offering expense payable by us, were approximately $290.2 million. The Convertible Notes bear interest at the annual rate of 1.5%, payable on April 1 and October 1 of each year, beginning on April 1, 2020, and will mature on April 1, 2025, unless earlier converted or repurchased by us.

The Convertible Notes will be convertible into cash, shares of our common stock or a combination thereof, at our election, at an initial conversion rate of 15.6906 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $63.73 per share, as adjusted pursuant to the terms of the indenture governing the Convertible Notes. The Convertible Notes may be converted at any time on or after October 1, 2024, until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date.

The conversion rate of the Convertible Notes may be adjusted in certain circumstances, including in connection with a conversion of the Convertible Notes made following certain fundamental changes and under other circumstances set forth in the indenture. As of November 25, 2023, the conversion rate was 15.9923 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes, which is equivalent to a conversion price of approximately $62.53. The difference between the initial conversion rate and the conversion rate as of November 25, 2023 is due to cash dividends that have been declared following the issuance of the Convertible Notes.

Prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding October 1, 2024, the Convertible Notes will be convertible only under the following circumstances:

We may not redeem the Convertible Notes at our option prior to the maturity date, and no sinking fund is provided for the Convertible Notes.

On October 29, 2019 and October 30, 2019, in connection with the offering of the Convertible Notes, we entered into privately negotiated convertible note hedge transactions (collectively, the “Hedge Transactions”) that cover, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments, the number of shares of our common stock that initially underlie the Convertible Notes.

On October 29, 2019 and October 30, 2019, we also entered into privately negotiated warrant transactions (collectively, the “Warrant Transactions” and, together with the Hedge Transactions, the “Call Spread Transactions”), whereby we sold warrants at a higher strike price relating to the same number of shares of our common stock that initially underlie the Convertible Notes, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments.

  

The Hedge Transactions and the Warrant Transactions are separate transactions, in each case, and are not part of the terms of the Convertible Notes and will not affect any holder’s rights under the Convertible Notes. Holders of the Convertible Notes will not have any rights with respect to the Call Spread Transactions.

Refer to Note 9 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 26, 2023 for additional information regarding the Convertible Notes and the Call Spread Transactions.

The Convertible Notes are accounted for as a single liability measured at amortized cost. Interest expense, representing the amortization of the $9.8 million of debt issuance costs as well as the contractual interest expense is amortized using an effective interest rate of 2.1% over the term of the Convertible Notes. We recorded $1.6 million of interest expense during the three months ended November 25, 2023 and the three months ended November 26, 2022.

The net cost incurred in connection with the Call Spread Transactions was $11.2 million. These transactions are classified as equity and are not remeasured each reporting period.

As of November 25, 2023 and August 26, 2023, the fair value of long-term debt, gross, was $643.8 million and $640.2 million, respectively. The fair value of the Convertible Notes was $357.1 million and $349.0 million as of November 25, 2023 and August 26, 2023, respectively. We are in compliance with all of our financial debt covenants as of November 25, 2023.

Generally, manufacturers in the same industries as us enter into repurchase agreements with lending institutions which have provided wholesale floorplan financing to dealers. Most dealers are financed on a "floorplan" basis under which a bank or finance company lends the dealer all, or substantially all, of the purchase price, collateralized by a security interest in the units purchased.

Our repurchase agreements generally provide that, in the event of default by the dealer on the agreement to pay the lending institution, we will repurchase the financed merchandise. The terms of these agreements, which generally can last up to 24 months, provide that our liability will be the lesser of remaining principal owed by the dealer to the lending institution, or dealer invoice less periodic reductions based on the time since the date of the original invoice. Our liability cannot exceed 100% of the dealer invoice. In certain instances, we also repurchase inventory from dealers due to state law or regulatory requirements that govern voluntary or involuntary relationship terminations. Although laws vary from state to state, some states have laws in place that require manufacturers of recreational vehicles or boats to repurchase current inventory if a dealership exits the business. The total contingent liability on all of our repurchase agreements was approximately $1,857.3 million and $1,816.7 million at November 25, 2023 and August 26, 2023, respectively.

Our loss reserve for repurchase commitments contains uncertainties because the calculation requires management to make assumptions and apply judgment regarding a number of factors. Our risk of loss related to these repurchase commitments is significantly reduced by the potential resale value of any products that are subject to repurchase and is spread over numerous dealers and lenders. The aggregate contingent liability related to our repurchase agreements represents all financed dealer inventory at the period-end reporting date subject to a repurchase agreement, net of the greater of periodic reductions per the agreement or dealer principal payments. Based on these repurchase agreements and our historical loss experience, an associated loss reserve is established, which is included in other current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Our repurchase accrual was $1.2 million and $1.3 million at November 25, 2023 and August 26, 2023, respectively. Repurchase risk is affected by the credit worthiness of our dealer network. We do not believe there is a reasonable likelihood that there will be a material change in the estimates or assumptions used to establish the loss reserve for repurchase commitments.

There was no material activity related to repurchase agreements during the three months ended November 25, 2023 and November 26, 2022.

We are involved in various legal proceedings which are considered ordinary and routine litigation incidental to the business, some of which are covered in whole or in part by insurance. While we believe the ultimate disposition of litigation will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity, the possibility exists that such litigation may have an impact on our results for a particular reporting period in which litigation effects become probable and reasonably estimable. Though we do not believe there is a reasonable likelihood that there will be a material change related to these matters, litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties and our view of these matters may change in the future. 

We do not have material contract assets or liabilities. Allowances for uncollectible receivables are established based on historical collection trends, write-off history, consideration of current conditions and expectations for future economic conditions.

No single dealer organization accounted for more than 10% of net revenue for the three months ended November 25, 2023 or November 26, 2022.

On December 14, 2023, our shareholders approved the Amended and Restated 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan (“Restated Plan”) as detailed in our Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. The Restated Plan continues to allow us to grant or issue non-qualified stock options, incentive stock options, share awards, and other equity compensation to key employees and to non-employee directors. The number of shares of our Common Stock that may be awarded and issued under the Restated Plan is 2.4 million, plus the shares still available under the 2019 Omnibus Incentive Plan (“2019 Plan”) and the shares subject to any awards outstanding under the 2014 Omnibus Equity, Performance Award, and Incentive Compensation Plan (“2014 Plan”). Until such time, however, awards under the 2014 Plan that are outstanding on December 14, 2023 will continue to be subject to the terms of the 2014 Plan, as applicable. Shares remaining available for future awards under the 2014 Plan were not carried over into the Restated Plan.

Stock-based compensation expense was $4.6 million and $3.0 million for the three months ended November 25, 2023 and November 26, 2022, respectively. Compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service or performance period of the award, unless accelerated by certain retirement eligibility provisions.

Our effective tax rate was 24.9% and 24.5% for the three months ended November 25, 2023 and November 26, 2022, respectively. The increase in tax rate for the three months ended November 25, 2023 compared to the three months ended November 26, 2022 was driven primarily by a net unfavorable impact of stock activity in the current year, partially offset by an increase in tax credits year-over-year over a lower pre-tax book income base.

As of November 25, 2023, $3.2 million of U.S. federal income taxes receivable was included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Comparatively, as of August 26, 2023, $10.7 million of U.S. federal income taxes receivable was included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

We file a U.S. Federal tax return, as well as returns in various international and state jurisdictions. As of November 25, 2023, our Federal returns from Fiscal 2020 to present are subject to review by the Internal Revenue Service. With limited exceptions, state returns from Fiscal 2019 to present continue to be subject to review by state taxing jurisdictions. We are currently under review by certain U.S. state tax authorities for Fiscal 2019 through Fiscal 2021. We believe we have adequately reserved for our exposure to potential additional payments for uncertain tax positions in our liability for unrecognized tax benefits.

The dilutive effect of stock compensation awards was determined using the treasury stock method while the dilutive impact of the Convertible Notes was determined using the if-converted method. Under the treasury stock method, shares associated with certain anti-dilutive securities have been excluded from the diluted weighted average shares outstanding calculation because the exercise of those options would lead to a net reduction in common shares outstanding or anti-dilution. Under the if-converted method, the Convertible Notes are assumed to be converted into common stock at the beginning of the reporting period, and the resulting shares are included in the denominator of the calculation. In addition, interest charges, net of any income tax effects are added back to the numerator of the calculation.

The terms "Winnebago," "we," "us," and "our," unless the context otherwise requires, refer to Winnebago Industries, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to provide a reader of our financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of management on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, and certain other factors that may affect our future results. Unless otherwise noted, transactions and other factors significantly impacting our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity are discussed in order of magnitude.

Our MD&A should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 26, 2023 (including the information presented therein under Risk Factors), as well as our reports on Forms 10-Q and 8-K and other publicly available information. All amounts herein are unaudited. All amounts are in millions, except share and per share data, unless otherwise noted.

Winnebago Industries, Inc. is one of the leading North American manufacturers of recreation vehicles ("RVs") and marine products with a diversified portfolio used primarily in leisure travel and outdoor recreational activities. We also design and manufacture advanced battery solutions that deliver “house power,” supporting internal electrical features and appliances for a variety of outdoor products including RVs, boats, specialty and other low-speed vehicles, as well as other industrial applications. We produce our motorhome RV units in Iowa and Indiana; our towable RV units in Indiana; our marine units in Indiana and Florida; and our battery solutions in Florida. We distribute our RV and marine products primarily through independent dealers across the U.S. and Canada, who then retail the products to the end consumer. We also distribute our marine products internationally through independent dealers, who then retail the products to the end consumer. Our battery solutions are primarily sold to customers in the U.S.

Our business continues to be challenged by macroeconomic conditions impacting retail consumers and our dealers, such as inflation and elevated interest rates. These factors have contributed to lower consumer spending and reduced short-term demand for large discretionary products such as RVs and marine products. In response, our dealers continue to exercise caution when managing stocking levels. In the first quarter of Fiscal 2024, these trends resulted in decreased sales due to declines in unit volume. We anticipate that as consumer demand stabilizes, dealers will exhibit a willingness to maintain inventory levels in the second half of Fiscal 2024, consistent with a one-for-one retail-to-wholesale ordering pattern. We continue to produce and ship in accordance with dealer demand as evidenced and requested by dealer orders.

Despite the current economic uncertainty, we believe in the long-term health of consumer demand for RV and marine products.

This MD&A includes financial information prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"), as well as certain adjusted or non-GAAP financial measures such as EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA. EBITDA is defined as net income before interest expense, provision for income taxes, and depreciation and amortization expense. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income before interest expense, provision for income taxes, depreciation and amortization expense, and other pretax adjustments made in order to present comparable results from period to period.

These non-GAAP financial measures, which are not calculated or presented in accordance with GAAP, have been provided as information supplemental and in addition to the financial measures presented in accordance with GAAP. Such non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered superior to, as a substitute for, or as an alternative to, and should be considered in conjunction with, the GAAP financial measures presented herein. The non-GAAP financial measures presented may differ from similar measures used by other companies.

Included in "Results of Operations" below for three months ended November 25, 2023 compared to the comparable prior year period is a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA from net income, the most directly comparable GAAP measure. We have included these non-GAAP performance measures as a comparable measure to illustrate the effect of non-recurring transactions that occurred during the reported periods and to improve comparability of our results from period to period. We believe Adjusted EBITDA provides meaningful supplemental information about our operating performance as this measure excludes amounts from net income that we do not consider part of our core operating results when assessing our performance. Examples of items excluded from Adjusted EBITDA include acquisition-related costs, contingent consideration fair value adjustment, and non-operating income or loss.

Management uses these non-GAAP financial measures (a) to evaluate our historical and prospective financial performance and trends as well as our performance relative to competitors and peers; (b) to measure operational profitability on a consistent basis; (c) in presentations to the members of our Board of Directors to enable our Board of Directors to have the same measurement basis of operating performance as used by management in their assessment of performance and in forecasting; (d) to evaluate

The following is an analysis of changes in key items included in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended November 25, 2023 compared to the three months ended November 26, 2022:

Gross profit as a percentage of revenue decreased primarily due to volume deleverage and higher discounts and allowances compared to prior year.

Operating expenses increased primarily due to increased amortization related to Lithionics intangible assets and strategic investments, partially offset by lower incentive and volume-based compensation related to performance.

Interest expense, net decreased primarily due to higher interest income on short-term investments as a result of increased interest rates.

Our effective tax rate increased primarily due to a net unfavorable impact of stock activity in the current year, partially offset by an increase in tax credits year-over-year over a lower pre-tax book income base.

The following table reconciles net income to consolidated EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended November 25, 2023 and November 26, 2022:

The following is an analysis of key changes in our Towable RV segment for the three months ended November 25, 2023 compared to the three months ended November 26, 2022:

Net revenues decreased primarily due to a reduction in average selling price per unit related to product mix and targeted price reductions, partially offset by unit volume growth.

Adjusted EBITDA margin decreased primarily due to deleverage and new product start-up costs.

Backlog decreased due to continued softness in market conditions and a cautious dealer network.

The following is an analysis of key changes in our Motorhome RV segment for the three months ended November 25, 2023 compared to the three months ended November 26, 2022: