The York Water Company (YORW) 10-Q2023 Q3 Quarterly report

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

The interim financial statements are unaudited but, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring accruals, necessary for a fair presentation of results for such periods.  Because the financial statements cover an interim period, they do not include all disclosures and notes normally provided in annual financial statements, and therefore, should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023.

Differences in timing of revenue recognition, billings, and cash collections result in receivables and contract assets.  Generally, billing occurs subsequent to revenue recognition, resulting in a contract asset reported as unbilled revenue on the balance sheet.  The Company does not receive advances or deposits from customers before revenue is recognized so no contract liabilities are reported.  Accounts receivable are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional and are presented separately on the balance sheet.  The changes in accounts receivable – customers and in unbilled revenue were primarily due to the normal timing difference between performance and the customer’s payments.

Net income of $7,568 and $5,681 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $17,745 and $14,569 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, is used to calculate both basic and diluted earnings per share.  Basic earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding.  Diluted earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus potentially dilutive shares.  The dilutive effect of employee stock-based compensation is included in the computation of diluted earnings per share and is calculated using the treasury stock method and expected proceeds upon exercise or issuance of the stock-based compensation.

The following table summarizes the shares used in computing basic and diluted earnings per share:

On March 11, 2013, the Board of Directors, or the Board, authorized a share repurchase program granting the Company authority to repurchase up to 1,200,000 shares of the Company’s common stock from time to time.  The stock repurchase program has no specific end date and the Company may repurchase shares in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions.  The Company may suspend or discontinue the repurchase program at any time.  No shares were repurchased during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.  As of September 30, 2023, 618,004 shares remain authorized for repurchase.

The Company is exposed to certain risks relating to its ongoing business operations.  The primary risk managed by using derivative instruments is interest rate risk.  The Company utilizes an interest rate swap agreement to effectively convert the Company’s $12,000 variable-rate debt issue to a fixed rate.  Interest rate swaps are contracts in which a series of interest rate cash flows are exchanged over a prescribed period.  The notional amount on which the interest payments are based ($12,000) is not exchanged.  The interest rate swap provides that the Company pays the counterparty a fixed interest rate of 3.16% on the notional amount of $12,000.   In exchange, the counterparty paid the Company a variable interest rate based on 59% of the U.S. Dollar one-month LIBOR rate on the notional amount.  The variable interest rate changed to 59% of the daily simple Secured Overnight Financing Rate, or SOFR, plus a spread adjustment of 11.448 basis points upon the discontinuance of LIBOR in 2023.  The intent is for the variable rate received from the swap counterparty to approximate the variable rate the Company pays to bondholders on its variable rate debt issue, resulting in a fixed rate being paid to the swap counterparty and reducing the Company’s interest rate risk.  The Company’s net payment rate on the swap was 0.01% and 1.78% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and 0.20% and 2.43% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The interest rate swap agreement is classified as a financial derivative used for non-trading activities.  The accounting standards regarding accounting for derivatives and hedging activities require companies to recognize all derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities at fair value on the balance sheet.  In accordance with the standards, the interest rate swap is recorded on the balance sheet in other deferred credits at fair value (see Note 7).

The Company uses regulatory accounting treatment rather than hedge accounting to defer the unrealized gains and losses on its interest rate swap.  These unrealized gains and losses are recorded as a regulatory asset or regulatory liability.  Based on current ratemaking treatment, the Company expects the unrealized gains and losses to be recognized in rates as a component of interest expense as the swap settlements occur.  Swap settlements are recorded in the income statement with the hedged item as interest expense.  Swap settlements resulted in the reclassification from regulatory assets to interest expense of $0 and $52 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $19 and $220 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The overall swap result was a gain of $211 and $357 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $351 and $1,132 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company expects to reclassify $(13) from regulatory assets to interest expense as a result of swap settlements over the next 12 months.

The interest rate swap agreement contains provisions that require the Company to maintain a credit rating of at least BBB- with Standard & Poor’s.  If the Company’s rating were to fall below this rating, it would be in violation of these provisions, and the counterparty to the derivative could request immediate payment if the derivative was in a liability position.  On July 26, 2023, Standard & Poor’s affirmed the Company’s credit rating at A-, with a stable outlook and adequate liquidity.  The Company’s interest rate swap was in a liability position as of September 30, 2023.  If a violation due to credit rating, or some other default provision, were triggered on September 30, 2023, the Company would have been required to pay the counterparty approximately $372.

The interest rate swap will expire on October 1, 2029.  Other than the interest rate swap, the Company has no other derivative instruments.

The accounting standards regarding fair value measurements establish a fair value hierarchy which indicates the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market.  Level 1 inputs include quoted prices for identical instruments and are the most observable.  Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and observable inputs such as interest rates, commodity rates and yield curves.  Level 3 inputs are not observable in the market and include management’s own judgments about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

The Company has recorded its interest rate swap liability at fair value in accordance with the standards.  The liability is recorded under the caption “Other deferred credits” on the balance sheet.  The table below illustrates the fair value of the interest rate swap as of the end of the reporting period.

Fair values are measured as the present value of all expected future cash flows based on the SOFR-based swap yield curve as of the date of the valuation.  These inputs to this calculation are deemed to be Level 2 inputs.  The balance sheet carrying value reflects the Company’s credit quality as of September 30, 2023.  The rate used in discounting all prospective cash flows anticipated to be made under this swap reflects a representation of the yield to maturity for 30-year debt on utilities rated A- as of September 30, 2023.  The use of the Company’s credit rating resulted in a reduction in the fair value of the swap liability of $69 as of September 30, 2023.  The fair value of the swap reflecting the Company’s credit quality as of December 31, 2022 is shown in the table below.

The carrying amount of current assets and liabilities that are considered financial instruments approximates fair value as of the dates presented.  The Company’s total long-term debt, with a carrying value of $170,450 at September 30, 2023, and $142,110 at December 31, 2022, had an estimated fair value of approximately $142,000 and $126,000, respectively.  The estimated fair value of debt was calculated using a discounted cash flow technique that incorporates a market interest yield curve with adjustments for duration and risk profile.  These inputs to this calculation are deemed to be Level 2 inputs.  The Company recognized its credit rating in determining the yield curve and did not factor in third-party credit enhancements including the letter of credit on the 2008 Pennsylvania Economic Development Financing Authority Series A issue.

Customers’ advances for construction and note receivable had carrying values at September 30, 2023 of $18,105 and $255, respectively.  At December 31, 2022, customers’ advances for construction and note receivable had carrying values of $14,911 and $255, respectively.  The relative fair values of these amounts cannot be accurately estimated since the timing of future payment streams is dependent upon several factors, including new customer connections, customer consumption levels and future rate increases.

The Company was granted approval by the PPUC to modify its tariff to include the cost of the annual replacement of up to 400 lead customer-owned service lines over nine years from the agreement.  The tariff modification allows the Company to replace customer-owned service lines at its own initial cost.  The Company will record the costs as a regulatory asset to be recovered in future base rates to customers, over a four-year period.  The cost for the customer-owned lead service line replacements was approximately $1,671 and $1,518 through September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and is included as a regulatory asset.  Based on its experience, the Company estimates that lead customer-owned service lines replacements will cost $1,800.  This estimate is subject to adjustment as more facts become available.

The Company provides utility service as a distinct and single performance obligation to each of its water and wastewater customers.  The transaction price is detailed in the tariff pursuant to an order by the PPUC and made publicly available.  There is no variable consideration and no free service, special rates, or subnormal charges to any customer.  Due to the fact that the contract includes a single performance obligation, no judgment is required to allocate the transaction price.  The performance obligation is satisfied over time through the continuous provision of utility service through a stand-ready obligation to perform and the transfer of water or the collection of wastewater through a series of distinct transactions that are identical in nature and have the same pattern of transfer to the customer.  The Company uses an output method to recognize the utility service revenue over time.  The stand-ready obligation is recognized through the passage of time in the form of a fixed charge and the transfer of water or the collection of wastewater is recognized at a per unit rate based on the actual or estimated flow through the meter.  Each customer is invoiced every month and the invoice is due within twenty days.  The utility service has no returns or warranties associated with it.  No revenue is recognized from performance obligations satisfied in prior periods and no performance obligations remain unsatisfied as of the end of the reporting period.  A contract asset for unbilled revenue is recognized for the passage of time and the actual or estimated usage from the latest meter reading to the end of the accounting period.  The methodology is standardized and consistently applied to reduce bias and the need for judgment.

The Company provides billing and revenue collection service as distinct performance obligations to two municipalities within the service territory of the Company.  The municipalities provide service to their residents and the Company acts as the billing and revenue collection agent for the municipalities.  The transaction price is a fixed amount per bill prepared as established in the contract.  There is no variable consideration.  Due to the fact that both the billing performance obligation and the revenue collection performance obligation are materially complete by the end of the reporting period, the Company does not allocate the transaction price between the two performance obligations.  The performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time when the bills are sent as the municipalities receive all the benefits and bear all of the risk of non-collection at that time.  Each municipality is invoiced when the bills are complete and the invoice is due within thirty days.  The billing and revenue collection service has no returns or warranties associated with it.  No revenue is recognized from performance obligations satisfied in prior periods and no performance obligations remain unsatisfied as of the end of the reporting period.

The Company provides collection service as a distinct and single performance obligation to several municipalities within the service territory of the Company.  The municipalities provide wastewater service to their residents.  If those residents are delinquent in paying for their wastewater service, the municipalities request that the Company post for and shut off the supply of water to the premises of those residents.  When the resident is no longer delinquent, the Company will restore water service to the premises.  The transaction price for each posting, each shut off, and each restoration is a fixed amount as established in the contract.  There is no variable consideration.  Due to the fact that the contract includes a single performance obligation, no judgment is required to allocate the transaction price.  The performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time when the posting, shut off, or restoration is completed as the municipalities receive all the benefits in the form of payment or no longer providing wastewater service.  Each municipality is invoiced periodically for the posting, shut offs, and restorations that have been completed since the last billing and the invoice is due within thirty days.  The collection service has no returns or warranties associated with it.  No revenue is recognized from performance obligations satisfied in prior periods and no performance obligations remain unsatisfied as of the end of the reporting period.  A contract asset for unbilled revenue is recognized for postings, shut offs, and restorations that have been completed from the last billing to the end of the accounting period.

The Company provides service line protection as a distinct and single performance obligation to current water customers that choose to participate.  The transaction price is detailed in the plan’s terms and conditions and made publicly available.  There is no variable consideration.  Due to the fact that the contract includes a single performance obligation, no judgment is required to allocate the transaction price.  The performance obligation is satisfied over time through the continuous provision of service line protection through a stand-ready obligation to perform.  The Company uses an output method to recognize the service line protection revenue over time.  The stand-ready obligation is recognized through the passage of time.  A customer has a choice to prepay for an entire year or to pay in advance each month.  The service line protection plan has no returns or extended warranties associated with it.  No revenue is recognized from performance obligations satisfied in prior periods and no material performance obligations remain unsatisfied as of the end of the reporting period.

Pension service cost is recorded in operating expenses.  All other components of net periodic pension cost are recorded as other pension costs in other income (expenses).

The Company previously disclosed in its financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022 that it expected to contribute $1,680 to its pension plans in 2023.  For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, contributions of $1,291 have been made.  The Company expects to contribute the remaining $389 during the final quarter of 2023.

On May 2, 2016, the Company’s stockholders approved The York Water Company Long-Term Incentive Plan, or LTIP.  The LTIP was adopted to provide the incentive of long-term stock-based awards to officers, directors, and key employees. The LTIP provides for the granting of nonqualified stock options, incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, performance restricted stock grants and units, restricted stock grants and units, and unrestricted stock grants.  A maximum of 100,000 shares of common stock may be issued under the LTIP over the ten-year life of the plan.  The maximum number of shares of common stock subject to awards that may be granted to any participant in any one calendar year is 2,000.  Shares of common stock issued under the LTIP may be treasury shares or authorized but unissued shares.  The LTIP will be administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board, or the full Board, provided that the full Board will administer the LTIP as it relates to awards to non-employee directors of the Company.  The Company filed a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 11, 2016 covering the offering of stock under the LTIP.  The LTIP was effective on July 1, 2016.

The restricted stock awards provide the grantee with the rights of a shareholder, including the right to receive dividends and to vote such shares, but not the right to sell or otherwise transfer the shares during the restriction period.  As a result, the awards are included in common shares outstanding on the balance sheet.  Restricted stock awards result in compensation expense valued at the fair market value of the stock on the date of the grant and are amortized ratably over the restriction period.

The following tables summarize the stock grant amounts and activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the statement of income includes $58 and $50 of stock-based compensation, respectively, and related recognized tax benefits of $16 and $14, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the statement of income includes $217 and $208 of stock-based compensation, respectively, and related recognized tax benefits of $61 and $60, respectively. The total fair value of the shares vested in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $260. Total stock-based compensation related to nonvested awards not yet recognized is $379 at September 30, 2023 which will be recognized over the remaining three year vesting period.

Under the Internal Revenue Service tangible property regulations, or TPR, the Company is permitted to deduct the costs of certain asset improvements that were previously being capitalized and depreciated for tax purposes as an expense on its income tax return.  This ongoing deduction results in a reduction in the effective income tax rate, a net reduction in income tax expense, and a reduction in the amount of income taxes currently payable.  It also results in increases to deferred tax liabilities and regulatory assets representing the appropriate book and tax basis difference on capital additions.

The Company’s effective tax rate was (2.2)% and (1.5)% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and 5.8% and (1.0)% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.  The higher effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 is primarily due to higher income before income taxes partially offset by higher deductions from the TPR.  The effective tax rate will vary depending on income before income taxes and the level of eligible asset improvements expensed for tax purposes under TPR each period.

The forward-looking statements in this report reflect what the Company currently anticipates will happen, which are based only on information currently available to us and speak only as the date hereof.  What actually happens could differ materially from what it currently anticipates will happen.  The Company does not intend to make a public announcement when forward-looking statements in this report are no longer accurate, whether as a result of new information, what actually happens in the future or for any other reason.  Important matters that may affect what will actually happen include, but are not limited to:

The primary business of the Company is to impound, purify to meet or exceed safe drinking water standards and distribute water.  The Company also owns and operates three wastewater collection systems and nine wastewater collection and treatment systems.  The Company operates within its franchised water and wastewater territory, which covers portions of 55 municipalities within four counties in south-central Pennsylvania.  The Company is regulated by the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission, or PPUC, for both water and wastewater in the areas of billing, payment procedures, dispute processing, terminations, service territory, debt and equity financing and rate setting.  The Company must obtain PPUC approval before changing any practices associated with the aforementioned areas.

Water service is supplied through the Company's own distribution system.  The Company obtains the bulk of its water supply for its primary system for York and Adams Counties from both the South Branch and East Branch of the Codorus Creek, which together have an average daily flow of approximately 73.0 million gallons from a combined watershed area of approximately 117 square miles.  The Company has two reservoirs on this primary system, Lake Williams and Lake Redman, which together hold up to approximately 2.2 billion gallons of water.  The Company supplements these reservoirs with a 15-mile pipeline from the Susquehanna River to Lake Redman which provides access to an additional supply of 12.0 million gallons of untreated water per day.  The Company obtains its water supply for its system for Franklin County from the Roxbury Dam on the Conodoguinet Creek, which has an average daily flow of approximately 26.0 million gallons from a watershed area of approximately 33 square miles.  The Company has a reservoir on this system which holds up to approximately 330 million gallons of water.  The Company also owns thirteen wells which are capable of providing a safe yield of approximately 808,000 gallons per day to supply water to the customers of its groundwater satellite systems in York, Adams, and Lancaster Counties.  As of September 30, 2023, the Company's average daily availability was 41 million gallons, and average daily consumption was approximately 22.2 million gallons.  The Company's service territory had an estimated population of 208,000 as of December 31, 2022.  Industry within the Company's service territory is diversified, manufacturing such items as fixtures and furniture, electrical machinery, food products, paper, ordnance units, textile products, air conditioning systems, laundry detergent, barbells, and motorcycles.

The Company's water business is somewhat dependent on weather conditions, particularly the amount and timing of precipitation.  Revenues are particularly vulnerable to weather conditions in the summer months.  Prolonged periods of hot and dry weather generally cause increased water usage for watering lawns, washing cars, and keeping golf courses and sports fields irrigated.  Conversely, prolonged periods of dry weather could lead to drought restrictions from governmental authorities.  Despite the Company’s adequate water supply, customers may be required to cut back water usage under such drought restrictions which would negatively impact revenues.  The Company has addressed some of this vulnerability by instituting minimum customer charges which are intended to cover fixed costs of operations under all likely weather conditions.

The Company’s business does not require large amounts of working capital and is not dependent on any single customer or a very few customers for a material portion of its business.  Increases in revenues are generally dependent on the Company’s ability to obtain rate increases from the PPUC in a timely manner and in adequate amounts and to increase volumes of water sold through increased consumption and increases in the number of customers served.  The Company continuously looks for water and wastewater acquisition and expansion opportunities both within and outside its current service territory as well as additional opportunities to enter into bulk water contracts with municipalities and other entities to supply water.

The Company has agreements with several municipalities to provide billing and collection services.  The Company also has a service line protection program on a targeted basis in order to further diversify its business.  Under this optional program, customers pay a fixed monthly fee, and the Company will repair or replace damaged customer service lines, as needed, subject to an annual maximum dollar amount.  The Company continues to review and consider opportunities to expand both initiatives.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared

With Three Months Ended September 30, 2022

Net income for the third quarter of 2023 was $7,568, an increase of $1,887, or 33.2%, from net income of $5,681 for the same period of 2022.  The primary contributing factors to the increase were higher operating revenues which were partially offset by higher operating expenses.

Operating revenues for the third quarter of 2023 increased $2,956, or 18.7%, from $15,811 for the three months ended September 30, 2022 to $18,767 for the corresponding 2023 period.  The primary reason for the increase was a rate increase effective March 1, 2023.  Growth in the customer base also added to revenues.  The average number of water customers served in 2023 increased as compared to 2022 by 960 customers, from 70,561 to 71,521 customers.  The average number of wastewater customers served in 2023 increased as compared to 2022 by 377 customers, from 5,641 to 6,018 customers, primarily due to acquisitions.  Total per capita consumption for 2023 was approximately 0.6% lower than the same period of last year.  The increased revenues were partially offset by a $661 decrease from a lower distribution system improvement charge, or DSIC, allowed by the PPUC.  The DSIC reset to zero on March 1, 2023 when the rate order took effect.

Operating expenses for the third quarter of 2023 increased $1,379, or 15.4%, from $8,955 for the third quarter of 2022 to $10,334 for the corresponding 2023 period.  The increase was primarily due to higher expenses of approximately $372 for depreciation and amortization, $294 for water treatment, $176 for fuel to pump raw water from the Susquehanna River, $167 for wages, $163 for outside services, $86 for distribution system maintenance, $76 for insurance, and $74 for billing and revenue collection services.  Other operating expenses decreased by a net of $29.

Interest on debt for the third quarter of 2023 increased $646, or 53.7%, from $1,204 for the third quarter of 2022 to $1,850 for the corresponding 2023 period.  The increase was primarily due to an increase in long-term debt outstanding and higher interest rates.  The average debt outstanding under the line of credit was $15,350 for the third quarter of 2023 and $2,587 for the third quarter of 2022.  The weighted average interest rate on the line of credit was 6.42% for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 and 2.29% for the quarter ended September 30, 2022.

Allowance for funds used during construction increased $749, from $382 in the third quarter of 2022 to $1,131 in the corresponding 2023 period due to a higher volume of eligible construction.

Other income (expenses), net for the third quarter of 2023 reflects decreased expenses of $49 as compared to the same period of 2022.  Higher earnings on life insurance policies of approximately $51 were the primary reasons for the increase.  Other expenses increased by a net of $2.

Income tax benefit for the third quarter of 2023 increased $79 as compared to the same period of 2022 primarily due to higher deductions from the Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, tangible property regulations, or TPR.  The Company’s effective tax rate was (2.2)% for the third quarter of 2023 and (1.5)% for the third quarter of 2022.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared

With Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022

Net income for the first nine months of 2023 was $17,745, an increase of $3,176, or 21.8%, from net income of $14,569 for the same period of 2022.  The primary contributing factors to the increase were higher operating revenues which were partially offset by higher operating expenses and income taxes.

Operating revenues for the nine months of 2023 increased $7,985, or 17.8%, from $44,950 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to $52,935 for the corresponding 2023 period.  The primary reason for the increase was a rate increase effective March 1, 2023.  Growth in the customer base also added to revenues.  The average number of water customers served in 2023 increased as compared to 2022 by 1,035 customers, from 70,288 to 71,323 customers.  The average number of wastewater customers served in 2023 increased as compared to 2022 by 404 customers, from 5,547 to 5,951 customers, primarily due to acquisitions.  Total per capita consumption for 2023 was approximately 1.1% higher than the same period of last year.  The increased revenues were partially offset by a $1,352 decrease from a lower DSIC allowed by the PPUC.  The DSIC reset to zero on March 1, 2023 when the rate order took effect.  For the remainder of the year, the Company expects revenues to increase due to the increase in rates and an increase in the number of water and wastewater customers from acquisitions and growth within the Company’s service territory.  Other regulatory actions, drought warnings or restrictions, weather patterns, and economic conditions could impact results.

Operating expenses for the first nine months of 2023 increased $4,346, or 16.6%, from $26,222 for the first nine months of 2022 to $30,568 for the corresponding 2023 period.  The increase was primarily due to higher expenses of approximately $1,232 for depreciation and amortization, $754 for water treatment, $650 for wages, $532 for wastewater treatment as the prior year included a one-time reimbursement not repeated in the current year, $250 for distribution system maintenance, $213 for insurance, $194 for outside services, $177 for fuel to pump raw water from the Susquehanna River, $160 for billing and revenue collection services, and $140 for reduced capitalized overhead.  Other operating expenses increased by a net of $44.  For the remainder of the year, the Company expects depreciation and amortization expense to continue to rise due to additional investment in utility plant, and other expenses to increase at a moderate rate as costs to treat water and wastewater, and to maintain and extend the distribution system, continue to rise.  Drought conditions and weather patterns could further increase operating expenses.

Interest on debt for the first nine months of 2023 increased $1,335, or 36.0%, from $3,706 for the first nine months of 2022 to $5,041 for the corresponding 2023 period.  The increase was primarily due to an increase in long-term debt outstanding and higher interest rates.  The average debt outstanding under the lines of credit was $13,603 for the first nine months of 2023 and $12,102 for the first nine months of 2022.  The weighted average interest rate on the lines of credit was 4.97% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 1.22% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.  Interest expense for the remainder of the year is expected to increase due to the increase in long-term debt outstanding and continued higher interest rates.

Allowance for funds used during construction increased $1,822, from $902 in the first nine months of 2022 to $2,724 in the corresponding 2023 period due to a higher volume of eligible construction.  Allowance for funds used during construction for the remainder of the year is expected to increase based on a projected increase in the amount of eligible construction.

Other income (expenses), net for the first nine months of 2023 reflects decreased expenses of $178 as compared to the same period of 2022.  Lower charitable contributions of approximately $182 and lower retirement expenses of approximately $42 were the primary reasons for the decrease.  Other expenses increased by a net of $46.  For the remainder of the year, other income (expenses) will be largely determined by the change in market returns and discount rates for retirement programs and related assets.

Income tax expense for the first nine months of 2023 increased $1,242 compared to the same period of 2022 primarily due to higher income before income taxes partially offset by higher deductions from the IRS TPR.  The Company’s effective tax rate was 5.8% for the first nine months of 2023 and (1.0)% for the first nine months of 2022.  The Company's effective tax rate for the remainder of 2023 will be largely determined by income before income taxes and the level of eligible asset improvements expensed for tax purposes under TPR each period.  The Company expects the effective tax rate to remain consistent with the first nine months in the remainder of the year.

See Note 10 to the financial statements included herein for a discussion of rate matters.

The Company does not expect to collect a distribution system improvement charge or file a rate increase request in 2023.

On November 9, 2022, the Company signed an agreement to purchase the wastewater collection and treatment assets of CMV Sewage Co., Inc. in Chanceford Township, York County, Pennsylvania.  Completion of the acquisition is contingent upon receiving approval from all required regulatory authorities.  Closing is expected in the second quarter of 2024 at which time the Company will add approximately 280 wastewater customers.

In total, these acquisitions are expected to be immaterial to Company results.  The Company is also pursuing other bulk water contracts and acquisitions in and around its service territory to help offset any potential declines in per capita water consumption and to grow its business.

On May 10, 2017, the Company signed an emergency interconnect agreement with Dallastown-Yoe Water Authority.  The effectiveness of this agreement is contingent upon receiving approval from all required regulatory authorities.  Approval is expected to be granted in 2024 at which time the Company will begin construction of a water main extension to a single point of interconnection and either supply a minimum agreed upon amount of water to the authority, receive a payment in lieu of water, or provide water during an emergency, at current tariff rates.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company invested $46,342 in construction expenditures for armoring and replacing the spillway of the Lake Williams dam, wastewater treatment plant construction, as well as various replacements and improvements to infrastructure and routine items.  The Company was able to fund construction expenditures using internally-generated funds, line of credit borrowings, proceeds from its stock purchase plans and customer advances and contributions from developers, municipalities, customers, or builders.

The Company anticipates construction expenditures for the remainder of 2023 of approximately $16,000 exclusive of any potential acquisitions not yet approved.  In addition to routine transmission and distribution projects, a portion of the anticipated expenditures will be for armoring and replacing the spillway of the Lake Williams dam, additional main extensions, wastewater treatment plant construction, as well as various replacements and improvements to infrastructure and routine items.  The Company intends to use primarily internally-generated funds for its anticipated construction and fund the remainder through line of credit borrowings, proceeds from its stock purchase plans and customer advances and contributions.  Customer advances and contributions are expected to account for between 5% and 10% of funding requirements during the remainder of 2023.  The Company believes it will have adequate credit facilities and access to the capital markets, if necessary, during 2023 and 2024, to fund anticipated construction and acquisition expenditures.

The Company manages its cash through a cash management account that is directly connected to its line of credit.  Excess cash generated automatically pays down outstanding borrowings under the line of credit arrangement.  If there are no outstanding borrowings, the cash is used as an earnings credit to reduce banking fees.  Likewise, if additional funds are needed beyond what is generated internally for payroll, to pay suppliers, to fund capital expenditures, or to pay debt service, funds are automatically borrowed under the line of credit.  As of September 30, 2023, the Company borrowed $18,080 on its line of credit and incurred a cash overdraft on its cash management account of $2,209.  The cash management facility connected to the line of credit is expected to provide the necessary liquidity and funding for the Company’s operations, capital expenditures, and acquisitions for the foreseeable future.

The accounts receivable balance tends to follow the change in revenues but is also affected by the timeliness of payments by customers and the level of the reserve for doubtful accounts.  In the three months ended September 30, 2023, higher revenue levels as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2022, resulted in an increase in accounts receivable – customers.  A reserve is maintained at a level considered adequate to provide for expected credit losses.  Expected credit losses are based on historical write-offs combined with an evaluation of current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts including inactive accounts with outstanding balances, the aging of balances in payment agreements, adverse situations that may affect a customer’s ability to pay, economic conditions, and other relevant factors applied to the current aging of receivables.  Customer accounts are written off when collection efforts have been exhausted.  If the status of the evaluated factors deteriorate, the Company may incur additional expenses for uncollectible accounts and experience a reduction in its internally-generated funds.

The amount of internally-generated funds available for operations and construction depends on the Company’s ability to obtain timely and adequate rate relief, changes in regulations including taxes, customers’ water usage, weather conditions, customer growth and controlled expenses.  During the first nine months of 2023, the Company generated $23,407 internally from operations as compared to the $17,311 it generated during the first nine months of 2022.  The increase was primarily due to the increase in net income including the increase in depreciation and amortization, a non-cash expense.

Common stockholders’ equity as a percent of the total capitalization was 56.1% as of September 30, 2023, compared with 59.3% as of December 31, 2022.  The Company expects to use long-term debt for its future financing needs and allow the debt percentage to trend upward until it approaches fifty percent before considering additional equity.  It is the Company’s general intent to target equity between fifty and fifty-five percent of total capitalization.

Historically, the Company has borrowed under its line of credit before refinancing with long-term debt or equity capital.  As of September 30, 2023, the Company maintained an unsecured line of credit in the amount of $50,000 at an interest rate of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate, or SOFR, plus 1.17% with an unused commitment fee and an interest rate floor.  The Company had $18,080 in borrowings under its line of credit as of September 30, 2023.  The interest rate on the line of credit borrowings as of September 30, 2023 was 6.50%.  In the third quarter of 2023, the Company renewed its committed line of credit and extended the maturity date to September 2025.  No other terms or conditions of the line of credit agreement were modified.

The Company has taken steps to manage the risk of reduced credit availability.  It has established a committed line of credit with a 2-year revolving maturity that cannot be called on demand.  There is no guarantee that the Company will be able to obtain sufficient lines of credit with favorable terms in the future.  If the Company is unable to obtain sufficient lines of credit or to refinance its line of credit borrowings with long-term debt or equity when necessary, it may have to eliminate or postpone capital expenditures.  Management believes the Company will have adequate capacity under its current line of credit to meet anticipated financing needs throughout 2023 and 2024.

The Company’s loan agreements contain various covenants and restrictions.  Management believes it is currently in compliance with all of these restrictions.  See Note 7 to the financial statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 for additional information regarding these restrictions.

On February 24, 2023, the Company entered into a note purchase agreement with certain institutional investors relating to the private placement of $40,000 aggregate principal amount of the Company’s senior notes.  The senior notes bear interest at 5.50% per annum payable semiannually and mature on February 24, 2053.  The senior notes are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of the Company.  The Company received net proceeds, after deducting issuance costs, of approximately $39,829.  The net proceeds were used to refinance line of credit borrowings incurred by the Company as interim financing for various capital projects of the Company.

The Company’s total long-term debt as a percentage of the total capitalization, defined as total common stockholders’ equity plus total long-term debt, was 43.9% as of September 30, 2023, compared with 40.7% as of December 31, 2022.  The Company expects to use long-term debt for its future financing needs and allow the debt percentage to trend upward.  A debt to total capitalization ratio between forty-five and fifty percent has historically been acceptable to the PPUC in rate filings.

Under the Internal Revenue Service TPR, the Company is permitted to deduct the costs of certain asset improvements that were previously being capitalized and depreciated for tax purposes as an expense on its income tax return.  This ongoing deduction results in a reduction in the effective income tax rate, a net reduction in income tax expense, and a reduction in the amount of income taxes currently payable.  It also results in increases to deferred tax liabilities and regulatory assets representing the appropriate book and tax basis difference on capital additions.  The Company expects to continue to expense these asset improvements in the future.

The Company’s effective tax rate will largely be determined by income before income taxes and the level of eligible asset improvements expensed for tax purposes that would have been capitalized for tax purposes prior to the implementation of TPR.

The Company has a substantial deferred income tax asset primarily due to the excess accumulated deferred income taxes on accelerated depreciation from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 and the differences between the book and tax balances of the customers’ advances for construction and contributions in aid of construction and deferred compensation plans.  The Company does not believe a valuation allowance is required due to the expected generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible.

The Company has seen an increase in its deferred income tax liability amounts primarily as a result of the accelerated depreciation deduction available for federal tax purposes which creates differences between book and tax depreciation expense.  The Company expects this trend to continue as it makes significant investments in capital expenditures subject to accelerated depreciation or TPR.

The Company has determined there are no uncertain tax positions that require recognition as of September 30, 2023.

On July 26, 2023, Standard & Poor’s affirmed the Company’s credit rating at A-, with a stable outlook and adequate liquidity.  The Company’s ability to maintain its credit rating depends, among other things, on adequate and timely rate relief, which it has been successful in obtaining, its ability to fund capital expenditures in a balanced manner using both debt and equity and its ability to generate cash flow.  The Company’s objectives are to continue to maximize its funds provided by operations and maintain a strong capital structure in order to be able to attract capital.

The Company maintains security measures at its facilities, and collaborates with federal, state, and local authorities and industry trade associations regarding information on possible threats and security measures for water and wastewater utility operations.  The costs incurred are expected to be recoverable in water and wastewater rates and are not expected to have a material impact on its business, financial condition, or results of operations.

The Company relies on information technology systems in connection with the operation of the business, especially with respect to customer service, billing, accounting, and in some cases, the monitoring and operation of treatment, storage, and pumping facilities.  In addition, the Company relies on these systems to track utility assets and to manage maintenance and construction projects, materials and supplies, and human resource functions.  The information technology systems may be vulnerable to damage or interruption from cyber security attacks or other cyber-related events, including, but not limited to, power loss, computer systems failures, internet, telecommunications or data network failures, physical and electronic loss of data, computer viruses, intentional security breaches, hacking, denial of service actions, misappropriation of data, and similar events.  In some cases, administration of certain functions may be outsourced to third-party service providers that could also be targets of cyber security attacks.  A loss of these systems, or major problems with the operation of these systems, could harm the business, financial condition, and results of operations of the Company through the loss or compromise of customer, financial, employee, or operational data, disruption of billing, collections or normal field service activities, disruption of electronic monitoring and control of operational systems, and delays in financial reporting and other normal management functions.

Possible impacts associated with a cyber security attack or other events may include remediation costs related to lost, stolen, or compromised data, repairs to data processing systems, increased cyber security protection costs, adverse effects on our compliance with regulatory and environmental laws and regulation, including standards for drinking water, litigation, and reputational damage.

The Company has implemented processes, procedures, and controls to prevent or limit the effect of these possible events and maintains insurance to help defray costs associated with cyber security attacks.  The Company has not experienced a material impact on business or operations from these attacks.  Although the Company does not believe its systems are at a materially greater risk of cyber security attacks than other similar organizations and despite the implementation of robust security measures, the Company cannot provide assurance that the insurance will fully cover the costs of a cyber security event, and its robust security measures do not guarantee that reputation and financial results will not be adversely affected by such an incident.

The Company was granted approval by the PPUC to modify its tariff to include the cost of the annual replacement of up to 400 lead customer-owned service lines over nine years from the agreement.  The tariff modification allows the Company to replace customer-owned service lines at its own initial cost.  The Company will record the costs as a regulatory asset to be recovered in future base rates to customers, over a four-year period.  The cost for the customer-owned lead service line replacements was approximately $1,671 and $1,518 through September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and is included as a regulatory asset.  Based on its experience, the Company estimates that lead customer-owned service lines replacements will cost $1,800.  This estimate is subject to adjustment as more facts become available.

The prior union contract expired on April 30, 2023.  Management and the union leadership agreed to a new contract, which was ratified in June 2023 and expires April 30, 2026.

The methods, estimates, and judgments the Company used in applying its accounting policies have a significant impact on the results reported in its financial statements.  The Company’s accounting policies require management to make subjective judgments because of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain.  The Company’s most critical accounting estimates include regulatory assets and liabilities, revenue recognition, accounting for its pension plans, and income taxes.  There has been no significant change in accounting estimates or the method of estimation during the quarter ended September 30, 2023.

The Company does not use off-balance sheet transactions, arrangements or obligations that may have a material current or future effect on financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, capital resources or significant components of revenues or expenses.  The Company does not use securitization of receivables or unconsolidated entities. For risk management purposes, the Company uses a derivative financial instrument, an interest rate swap agreement discussed in Note 6 to the financial statements included herein.  The Company does not engage in trading or other risk management activities, does not use other derivative financial instruments for any purpose, has no guarantees and does not have material transactions involving related parties.

Not applicable.

The Company's management, with the participation of the Company's President and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report.  Based upon this evaluation, the Company's President and Chief Executive Officer along with the Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report are effective such that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the President and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure.  A controls system cannot provide absolute assurance, however, that the objectives of the controls system are met, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company have been detected.

No change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting occurred during the Company's most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.