Stock-Based Compensation | Stock-Based Compensation Our equity compensation plans provide for the grant of incentive and nonqualified stock options, as well as other stock-based awards including performance share units (“PSUs”), restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and deferred stock units (“DSUs”), to employees, non-employee directors and other consultants who provide services to us. We also provide an employee stock purchase plan (“ESPP”) and 401(k) match to eligible participants. We recognize stock-based compensation expense based on grant date award fair value. This cost is recognized over the period for which the employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award or the award performance period, except for expenses relating to retirement-eligible employees. If retirement-eligible employees have not given their required notice, expense is recognized on a pro-rata basis over the notice period prior to retirement; if they have given their notice, expense is recognized over the notice period; if they have given their notice and completed the notice period, expense is recognized upon grant. At June 30, 2024, there were 12.3 million shares available for grant under approved equity compensation plans. Stock-based compensation expense was allocated in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income as follows: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended (in thousands) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Cost of revenues $ 2,730 $ 2,586 $ 6,812 $ 5,089 Operating expenses Sales and marketing 2,512 2,528 6,956 4,951 Research and development 1,820 1,812 5,062 3,589 General and administrative 4,432 5,955 12,682 11,032 $ 11,494 $ 12,881 $ 31,512 $ 24,661 Stock-based compensation expense by grant type or plan was as follows: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended (in thousands) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Stock options $ 506 $ 494 $ 1,003 $ 985 PSUs 2,445 3,499 4,890 7,424 RSUs & DSUs 6,952 7,381 22,443 13,443 RSAs 89 115 215 223 ESPP 802 748 1,523 1,337 401(k) stock match 700 644 1,438 1,249 $ 11,494 $ 12,881 $ 31,512 $ 24,661 As of June 30, 2024, there was $74.8 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense under our equity compensation plans, which is expected to be recognized on a primarily straight-line basis over a weighted average period of 2.6 years. Stock Options Our stock option activity was as follows: Six Months Ended Options (#) Weighted Average Outstanding, beginning of period 346,822 $ 80.02 Granted 33,930 196.37 Exercised (48,400) 47.83 Forfeited (760) 167.08 Outstanding, end of period 331,592 $ 96.43 Of the total outstanding options at June 30, 2024, 0.3 million were exercisable. The outstanding and exercisable options had a weighted average exercise price of $77.15 per share and a weighted average remaining contractual life of 3.0 years. The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2024 was $69.86 per share. This was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions: Life (in years) 4.1 Volatility 36.7 % Dividend yield — Risk-free interest rate 4.3 % Performance Share Units, Restricted Stock Units and Awards, and Deferred Stock Units In each of the quarters ended March 31, 2024, 2023, 2022, and 2021 we granted PSU awards with a target performance level. These awards are earned based upon our Company’s total shareholder return as compared to an indexed total shareholder return over the course of a fiscal based three-year performance period, starting in the year of grant. Earned awards vest in the quarter following the conclusion of the performance period. In the three months ended March 31, 2024, PSU awards granted in 2021 vested at the maximum performance level and 0.1 million shares of common stock were issued. Activity for our PSUs, RSUs, RSAs, and DSUs in aggregate was as follows: Six Months Ended # Weighted Average Grant Outstanding, beginning of period 773,414 $ 147.50 Granted 324,896 179.31 Vested and common stock issued (366,823) 124.01 Forfeited (3,423) 154.70 Outstanding, end of period 728,064 $ 173.50 The number of PSUs, RSUs, RSAs, and DSUs outstanding at June 30, 2024 included less than 0.1 million units that have vested, but the shares of common stock have not yet been issued, pursuant to the terms of the underlying agreements. Employee Stock Purchase Plan Our ESPP activity was as follows: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended (in thousands, except shares) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Amounts for shares purchased $ 4,828 $ 3,895 $ 5,219 $ 4,136 Shares purchased 30,185 35,676 32,583 38,225 A total of 1.6 million shares of common stock are reserved for issuance under the plan at June 30, 2024. The fair value was estimated based on the market price of our common stock at the beginning of the offering period using the following assumptions: Life (in years) 0.5 Volatility 30.9 % Dividend yield — Risk-free interest rate 5.3 % |