Plug Power (PLUG) 10-Q9 May 232023 Q1 Quarterly reportFinancial data

Company Profile

Document and Entity Information

Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
Document and Entity Information - shares	Mar. 31, 2023	May 04, 2023
Document and Entity Information:
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	1-34392
Entity Registrant Name	PLUG POWER INC
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	22-3672377
Entity Address, Address Line One	968 ALBANY SHAKER ROAD
Entity Address, City or Town	LATHAM
Entity Address, State or Province	NY
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	12110
City Area Code	518
Local Phone Number	782-7700
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $.01 per share
Trading Symbol	PLUG
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		600,536,746
Entity Central Index Key	0001093691
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Amendment Flag	false

Condensed Consolidated Balance

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 474,861	$ 690,630
Restricted cash	175,978	158,958
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value (amortized cost of $1,045,731 and allowance for credit losses of $0 at March 31, 2023 and amortized cost of $1,355,614 and allowance for credit losses of $0 at December 31, 2022	1,028,371	1,332,943
Equity securities	139,911	134,836
Accounts receivable	127,720	129,450
Inventory	775,649	645,636
Contract assets	99,012	62,456
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	155,822	150,389
Total current assets	2,977,324	3,305,298
Restricted cash	722,467	699,756
Property, plant, and equipment, net	874,659	719,793
Right of use assets related to finance leases, net	56,708	53,742
Right of use assets related to operating leases, net	371,472	360,287
Equipment related to power purchase agreements and fuel delivered to customers, net	98,301	89,293
Contract assets	25,418	41,831
Goodwill	249,871	248,607
Intangible assets, net	203,740	207,725
Investments in non-consolidated entities and non-marketable equity securities	67,350	31,250
Other assets	6,783	6,694
Total assets	5,654,093	5,764,276
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	188,149	191,895
Accrued expenses	167,754	156,430
Deferred revenue and other contract liabilities	137,357	131,813
Operating lease liabilities	52,859	48,861
Finance lease liabilities	8,622	8,149
Finance obligations	63,370	58,925
Current portion of long-term debt	5,228	5,142
Contingent consideration, loss accrual for service contracts, and other current liabilities	54,201	34,060
Total current liabilities	677,540	635,275
Deferred revenue and other contract liabilities	82,793	98,085
Operating lease liabilities	274,940	271,504
Finance lease liabilities	39,404	37,988
Finance obligations	279,444	270,315
Convertible senior notes, net	194,250	193,919
Long-term debt	3,799	3,925
Contingent consideration, loss accrual for service contracts, and other liabilities	180,273	193,051
Total liabilities	1,732,443	1,704,062
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share; 1,500,000,000 shares authorized; Issued (including shares in treasury): 611,951,626 at March 31, 2023 and 608,421,785 at December 31, 2022	6,120	6,084
Additional paid-in capital	7,360,887	7,297,306
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(19,034)	(26,004)
Accumulated deficit	(3,327,472)	(3,120,911)
Less common stock in treasury: 18,245,914 at March 31, 2023 and 18,076,127 at December 31, 2022	(98,851)	(96,261)
Total stockholders' equity	3,921,650	4,060,214
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 5,654,093	$ 5,764,276

Condensed Consolidated Balanc_2

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
Amortized cost	$ 1,045,731	$ 1,355,614
Allowance for Credit Losses	$ 0	$ 0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized	1,500,000,000	1,500,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	611,951,626	608,421,785
Common stock in treasury, shares	18,245,914	18,076,127

Condensed Consolidated Statemen

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Net revenue:
Net revenue	$ 210,286	$ 140,804
Cost of revenue:
Provision for loss contracts related to service	6,889	2,048
Total cost of revenue	279,682	176,153
Gross loss	(69,396)	(35,349)
Operating expenses:
Research and development	26,535	20,461
Selling, general and administrative	104,016	80,890
Impairment of long-lived assets	1,083
Change in fair value of contingent consideration	8,769	2,461
Total operating expenses	140,403	103,812
Operating loss	(209,799)	(139,161)
Interest income	17,632	2,054
Interest expense	(10,650)	(8,648)
Other expense, net	(4,771)	(1,309)
Realized loss on investments, net	(1)	(847)
Change in fair value of equity securities	5,075	(5,159)
Loss on equity method investments	(5,317)	(3,833)
Loss before income taxes	(207,831)	(156,903)
Income tax benefit	(1,270)	(414)
Net loss	$ (206,561)	$ (156,489)
Net loss per share:
Net loss per share, basic	$ (0.35)	$ (0.27)
Net loss per share, diluted	$ (0.35)	$ (0.27)
Weighted average number of common stock outstanding, basic	589,205,165	577,866,983
Weighted average number of common stock outstanding, diluted	589,205,165	577,866,983
Sales of equipment and related infrastructure
Net revenue:
Net revenue	$ 182,094	$ 108,847
Cost of revenue:
Cost of revenue	158,320	88,828
Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure
Net revenue:
Net revenue	9,097	8,240
Cost of revenue:
Cost of revenue	12,221	13,875
Power purchase agreements
Net revenue:
Net revenue	7,937	10,037
Cost of revenue:
Cost of revenue	46,816	31,753
Fuel delivered to customers and related equipment
Net revenue:
Net revenue	10,142	13,429
Cost of revenue:
Cost of revenue	54,501	39,272
Other
Net revenue:
Net revenue	1,016	251
Cost of revenue:
Cost of revenue	$ 935	$ 377

Condensed Consolidated Statem_2

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss
Net loss	$ (206,561)	$ (156,489)
Foreign currency translation (loss)/gain	1,659	(1,850)
Change in net unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities	5,311	(15,080)
Comprehensive loss attributable to the Company, net of tax	$ (199,591)	$ (173,419)

Condensed Consolidated Statem_3

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in-Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Treasury Stock	Accumulated Deficit	Total
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 5,947	$ 7,070,710	$ (1,532)	$ (72,526)	$ (2,396,903)	$ 4,605,696
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021	594,729,610			17,074,710
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net loss					(156,489)	(156,489)
Other comprehensive (loss) gain			(16,930)			(16,930)
Stock-based compensation	$ 2	43,384				43,386
Stock-based compensation (in shares)	226,221
Stock option exercises and issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units	$ 3	288				291
Stock option exercises and issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)	253,525
Treasury stock acquired from employees upon exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock units				$ (1,465)		(1,465)
Treasury stock acquired from employees upon exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock (in shares)				71,627
Provision for common stock warrants		1,743				1,743
Balance at Mar. 31, 2022	$ 5,952	7,116,125	(18,462)	$ (73,991)	(2,553,392)	4,476,232
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022	595,209,356			17,146,337
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 6,084	7,297,306	(26,004)	$ (96,261)	(3,120,911)	$ 4,060,214
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	608,421,785			18,076,127		608,421,785
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net loss					(206,561)	$ (206,561)
Other comprehensive (loss) gain			6,970			6,970
Stock-based compensation	$ 2	43,300				43,302
Stock-based compensation (in shares)	228,954
Stock option exercises and issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units	$ 6	668				674
Stock option exercises and issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units (in shares)	620,250
Treasury stock acquired from employees upon exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock units				$ (2,590)		(2,590)
Treasury stock acquired from employees upon exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock (in shares)				169,787
Exercise of warrants	$ 28	(28)
Exercise of warrants (in shares)	2,680,637
Provision for common stock warrants		19,641				19,641
Balance at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 6,120	$ 7,360,887	$ (19,034)	$ (98,851)	$ (3,327,472)	$ 3,921,650
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023	611,951,626			18,245,914		611,951,626

Condensed Consolidated Statem_4

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Operating activities
Net loss	$ (206,561)	$ (156,489)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation of long-lived assets	9,789	2,842
Amortization of intangible assets	4,959	5,190
Stock-based compensation	43,302	43,386
Amortization of debt issuance costs and discount on convertible senior notes	621	661
Provision for common stock warrants	14,175	1,852
Deferred income tax benefit	947	414
Impairment of long-lived assets	1,083
Loss/(benefit) on service contracts	221	(7,297)
Fair value adjustment to contingent consideration	8,769	(2,461)
Net realized loss on investments	1	847
(Accretion) amortization of premium on available-for-sale securities	(5,945)	2,290
Lease origination costs	(2,660)	(1,613)
Change in fair value for equity securities	(5,075)	5,159
Loss on equity method investments	5,317	3,833
Changes in operating assets and liabilities that provide (use) cash:
Accounts receivable	1,730	36,170
Inventory	(129,572)	(63,702)
Contract assets	(14,677)	44
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(5,522)	(27,107)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities	13,821	(25,096)
Deferred revenue and other contract liabilities	(9,748)	(28,014)
Net cash used in operating activities	(276,919)	(209,919)
Investing activities
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(168,565)	(78,394)
Purchases of equipment related to power purchase agreements and equipment related to fuel delivered to customers	(11,389)	(6,796)
Purchase of available-for-sale securities		(114,173)
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities		469,563
Proceeds from maturities of available-for-sale securities	315,827	67,430
Purchase of equity securities		(4,990)
Net cash paid for acquisitions		(26,473)
Cash paid for non-consolidated entities and non-marketable equity securities	(40,077)	(32,253)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	95,796	273,914
Financing activities
Payments of contingent consideration	(2,000)	(2,667)
Payments of tax withholding on behalf of employees for net stock settlement of stock-based compensation	(2,590)	(1,465)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	674	291
Principal payments on long-term debt	(330)	(19,246)
Proceeds from finance obligations	27,927	17,273
Principal repayments of finance obligations and finance leases	(16,500)	(12,427)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	7,181	(18,241)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	(2,096)	634
(Decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents	(215,769)	14,345
Increase in restricted cash	39,731	32,043
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash beginning of period	1,549,344	3,132,194	$ 3,132,194
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash end of period	1,373,306	3,178,582	$ 1,549,344
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid for interest, net of capitalized interest of $2.0 million	7,869	5,731
Summary of non-cash activity
Recognition of right of use asset - finance leases	4,018	8,070
Recognition of right of use asset - operating leases	22,470	20,070
Net tangible assets (liabilities) acquired (assumed) in a business combination		56,929
Intangible assets acquired in a business combination		60,522
Net transfers between inventory and long-lived assets	441	489
Accrued purchase of fixed assets, cash to be paid in subsequent period	$ 65,701	$ 6,707

Condensed Consolidated Statem_5

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Net capitalized interest	$ 2	$ 2

Nature of Operations

Nature of Operations	3 Months Ended
Nature of Operations	Mar. 31, 2023
Nature of Operations
Nature of Operations	1. Nature of Operations Plug Power Inc. (the “Company,” “Plug,” “we” or “our”) is facilitating the paradigm shift to an increasingly electrified world by innovating cutting-edge hydrogen and fuel cell solutions. While we continue to develop commercially viable hydrogen and fuel cell product solutions, we have expanded our offerings to support a variety of commercial operations that can be powered with green hydrogen. We provide electrolyzers that allow customers — such as refineries, producers of chemicals, steel, fertilizer and commercial refueling stations — to generate hydrogen on-site .

Summary of Significant Accounti

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	3 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	Mar. 31, 2023
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Principles of Consolidation The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In addition, we include our share of the results of our joint venture with Renault SAS (“Renault”) named HyVia SAS, a French société par actions simplifiée (“HyVia”), AccionaPlug S.L. (AccionaPlug), and SK Plug Hyverse Co., Ltd. (“SK Plug Hyverse”), using the equity method based on our economic ownership interest and our ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial decisions of HyVia, AccionaPlug and SK Plug Hyverse. Additionally, we consolidate the results of our joint venture with Niloco Hydrogen Holdings LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Olin Corporation (“Olin”), named “Hidrogenii”. Interim Financial Statements The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which consist solely of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly, in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for all periods presented, have been made. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 (the “2022 Form 10-K”). The information presented in the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2022 has been derived from the Company’s December 31, 2022 audited consolidated financial statements. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements contained herein should be read in conjunction with our 2022 Form 10-K . Recent Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance Other than the adoption of the accounting guidance mentioned i n our 2022 Form 10-K, Recent Accounting Guidance Not Yet Effective All issued but not yet effective accounting and reporting standards as of March 31, 2023 are either not applicable to the Company or are not expected to have a material impact on the Company.

Acquisitions

Acquisitions	3 Months Ended
Acquisitions	Mar. 31, 2023
Acquisitions
Acquisitions	3. Acquisitions Alloy Custom Products, LLC and WesMor Cryogenics, LLC On December 5, 2022, the Company acquired two subsidiaries of Cryogenic Industrial Solutions, LLC, Alloy Custom Products, LLC and WesMor Cryogenics, LLC (collectively, “CIS”). The CIS acquisition is expected to increase the Company’s production capabilities for stainless steel and aluminum cryogenic transport truck-mounted cryogenic pressure vessels, cryogenic transport trailers, and other mobile storage containers. The fair value of consideration paid by the Company in connection with the CIS acquisition was as follows (in thousands): Cash $ 30,700 Due to Cryogenic Industrial Solutions, LLC 500 Plug Power Inc. Common Stock 6,107 Total consideration $ 37,307 The following table summarizes the preliminary allocation of the purchase price to the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired, excluding goodwill (in thousands): Cash $ 267 Accounts receivable 5,038 Inventory 11,120 Prepaid expenses and other assets 464 Property, plant and equipment 3,887 Right of use asset 1,538 Identifiable intangible assets 13,430 Lease liability (1,562) Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities (3,826) Deferred revenue (6,193) Total net assets acquired, excluding goodwill $ 24,163 The preliminary allocation of the purchase price is considered provisional pending the finalization of the valuation for the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and related tax liabilities, if any, in relation to the CIS acquisition. Therefore, the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are subject to change as we obtain additional information for valuation assumptions such as market demand for CIS product lines to support forecasted financial data, which will not exceed 12 months from the date of acquisition. There have been no measurement period adjustments recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The fair value of the tradename totaling $6.2 million was calculated using the relief from royalty approach which is a variant of the income approach, and was assigned a useful life of fifteen years . The fair value of the customer relationships totaling $7.1 million was calculated using the multi-period excess earnings method (“MPEEM”) approach which is a variant of the income approach, and was assigned a useful life of fifteen years . The basic principle of the MPEEM approach is that a single asset, in isolation, is not capable of generating cash flow for an enterprise. Several assets are brought together and exploited to generate cash flow. The fair value of the non-compete agreements was $0.2 million with a useful life of five years . The goodwill was primarily attributed to the value of synergies created with the Company’s current and future offerings and the value of the assembled workforce. Goodwill and intangible assets are not deductible for income tax purposes. Goodwill associated with the CIS acquisition was calculated as follows (in thousands): Consideration paid $ 37,307 Less: net assets acquired (24,163) Total goodwill recognized $ 13,144 The acquisition of CIS contributed $11.1 million to total consolidated revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The Company determined it immaterial to report net loss for the CIS acquisition for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Joule Processing LLC On January 14, 2022, the Company acquired Joule Processing LLC (“Joule”), an engineered modular equipment, process design and procurement company founded in 2009. The fair value of consideration paid by the Company in connection with the Joule acquisition was as follows (in thousands): Cash $ 28,140 Contingent consideration 41,732 Total consideration $ 69,872 The contingent consideration represents the estimated fair value associated with earn-out payments of up to $130 million that the sellers are eligible to receive in cash or shares of the Company’s common stock (at the Company’s election). Of the total earnout consideration, $90 million is related to the achievement of certain financial performance and $40 million is related to the achievement of certain internal operational milestones. The following table summarizes the final allocation of the purchase price to the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired, excluding goodwill (in thousands): Current assets $ 2,672 Property, plant and equipment 493 Right of use asset 182 Identifiable intangible assets 60,522 Lease liability (374) Current liabilities (2,612) Contract liability (3,818) Total net assets acquired, excluding goodwill $ 57,065 The fair value of the developed technology totaling $59.2 million included in the identifiable intangible assets was calculated using the MPEEM approach. Therefore, to determine cash flow from the developed technology over its useful life of 15 years , one must deduct the related expenses incurred for the exploitation of other assets used for the generation of overall cash flow. The fair value of the tradename totaling $0.8 million was calculated using the relief from royalty approach, which is a variant of the income approach, and was assigned a useful life of four years . The fair value of the non-compete agreements was $0.5 million with a useful life of six years . In addition to identifiable intangible assets, the fair value of acquired work in process and finished goods inventory, included in inventory, was estimated based on the estimated selling price less costs to be incurred and a market participant profit rate. In connection with the acquisition, the Company recorded on its consolidated balance sheet a liability of $41.7 million representing the fair value of contingent consideration payable, and is recorded in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheet in c . The fair value of this contingent and as a result $6.7 million reduction was recorded in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Included in the purchase price consideration are contingent earn-out payments as described above. Due to the nature of the earn-outs, a scenario-based analysis using the probability of achieving the milestone expectations was used to determine the fair value of the contingent consideration. These fair value measurements were based on unobservable inputs and are considered to be level 3 financial instruments. The goodwill was primarily attributed to the value of synergies created with the Company’s current and future offerings and the value of the assembled workforce. Goodwill and intangible assets are not deductible for income tax purposes. Goodwill associated with the Joule acquisition was calculated as follows (in thousands): Consideration paid $ 28,140 Contingent consideration 41,732 Less: net assets acquired (57,065) Total goodwill recognized $ 12,807 The acquisition of Joule contributed $20.7 million and $1.4 million to total consolidated revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company determined it immaterial to report net loss for the Joule acquisition for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The CIS and Joule acquisitions were not material to our consolidated results of operations or financial position and, therefore, pro forma financial information is not presented.

Extended Maintenance Contracts

Extended Maintenance Contracts	3 Months Ended
Extended Maintenance Contracts	Mar. 31, 2023
Extended Maintenance Contracts
Extended Maintenance Contracts	4. Extended Maintenance Contracts On a quarterly basis, we evaluate any potential losses related to our extended maintenance contracts for fuel cell systems, related infrastructure and equipment that have been sold. The following table shows the roll forward of balances in the accrual for loss contracts, including changes due to the provision for loss accrual, loss accrual acquired from acquisition, releases to service cost of sales, releases due to the provision for warrants, and foreign currency translation adjustment (in thousands): Three months Year ended ended March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Beginning balance $ 81,066 $ 89,773 Provision for loss accrual 6,981 23,295 Releases to service cost of sales (6,668) (35,446) Increase/(decrease) to loss accrual related to customer warrants (92) 3,506 Foreign currency translation adjustment 25 (62) Ending balance $ 81,312 $ 81,066

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share	3 Months Ended
Earnings Per Share	Mar. 31, 2023
Earnings Per Share
Earnings Per Share	5. Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per common stock are computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common stock outstanding during the reporting period. In periods when we have net income, the shares of our common stock subject to the convertible notes outstanding during the period will be included in our diluted earnings per share under the if-converted method. Since the Company is in a net loss position, all common stock equivalents would be considered anti-dilutive and are therefore not included in the determination of diluted earnings per share. Accordingly, basic and diluted loss per share are the same. The potentially dilutive securities are summarized as follows: At March 31, 2023 2022 Stock options outstanding (1) 27,479,533 24,185,000 Restricted stock and restricted stock units outstanding (2) 5,888,013 5,439,207 Common stock warrants (3) 85,879,175 80,017,181 Convertible Senior Notes (4) 39,170,766 39,170,766 Number of dilutive potential shares of common stock 158,417,487 148,812,154 (1) During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company granted options for 94,550 and 451,500 shares of common stock, respectively. (2) During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company granted 94,550 and 802,500 shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units, respectively. (3) In August 2022, the Company issued a warrant to acquire up to 16,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock as part of a transaction agreement with Amazon.com, Inc. (“Amazon”), subject to certain vesting events, as described in Note 12, “Warrant Transaction Agreements.” The warrant had not been exercised as of March 31, 2023. In April 2017, the Company issued a warrant to acquire up to 55,286,696 shares of the Company’s common stock as part of a transaction agreement with Amazon, subject to certain vesting events, as described in Note 12, “Warrant Transaction Agreements.” The warrant had been exercised with respect to 27,600,000 and 24,704,450 shares of the Company’s common stock as of March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. In July 2017, the Company issued a warrant to acquire up to 55,286,696 shares of the Company’s common stock as part of a transaction agreement with Walmart, subject to certain vesting events, as described in Note 12, “Warrant Transaction Agreements.” The warrant had been exercised with respect to 13,094,217 shares of the Company’s common stock as of March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. (4) In March 2018, the Company issued $100.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023 (the “ 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes”). In May 2020, the Company repurchased $66.3 million of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes and in the fourth quarter of 2020, $33.5 million of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes were converted into approximately 14.6 million shares of common stock. The remaining $0.2 million aggregate principal amount of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes were converted into 69,808 shares of common stock in January 2021. In May 2020, the Company issued $212.5 million in aggregate principal amount of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025 (the “ 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes). There were no conversions for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

Inventory

Inventory	3 Months Ended
Inventory	Mar. 31, 2023
Inventory
Inventory	6. Inventory Inventory as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands): March 31, December 31, 2023 2022 Raw materials and supplies - production locations $ 550,315 $ 450,432 Raw materials and supplies - customer locations 21,765 18,860 Work-in-process 139,013 112,231 Finished goods 64,556 64,113 Inventory $ 775,649 $ 645,636 As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the reserve for excess and obsolete inventory was $5.4 million. Inventory is primarily comprised of raw materials, work-in-process, and finished goods. The increase in inventory is primarily due to a combination of new product offerings, as well as increased revenue and orders.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, Plant and Equipment	3 Months Ended
Property, Plant and Equipment	Mar. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment	7. Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands): March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Land $ 1,772 $ 1,772 Construction in progress 697,456 575,141 Building and leasehold improvements 40,548 21,363 Software, machinery, and equipment 188,530 169,633 Property, plant, and equipment 928,306 767,909 Less: accumulated depreciation (53,647) (48,116) Property, plant, and equipment, net $ 874,659 $ 719,793 Construction in progress is primarily comprised of construction of five hydrogen production plants, the Gigafactory in Rochester, NY, and our facility in the Slingerlands, NY. Completed assets are transferred to their respective asset classes, and depreciation begins when an asset is ready for its intended use. Interest on outstanding debt is capitalized during periods of capital asset construction and amortized over the useful lives of the related assets. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company capitalized $2.0 million and $4.3 million of interest, respectively. Depreciation expense related to property, plant and equipment was $5.5 million and $2.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Intangible Assets and Goodwill	3 Months Ended
Intangible Assets and Goodwill	Mar. 31, 2023
Intangible Assets and Goodwill
Intangible Assets and Goodwill	8. Intangible Assets and Goodwill The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the Company’s acquired identifiable intangible assets as of March 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands): Weighted Average Gross Carrying Accumulated Amortization Period Amount Amortization Total Acquired technology 14 years $ 104,389 (14,746) $ 89,643 Dry stack electrolyzer technology 10 years 29,000 (3,142) 25,858 Customer relationships, Non-compete agreements, Backlog & Trademark 12 years 103,325 (15,086) 88,239 $ 236,714 $ (32,974) $ 203,740 The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the Company’s acquired identifiable intangible assets as of December 31, 2022 were as follows (in thousands): Weighted Average Gross Carrying Accumulated Amortization Period Amount Amortization Total Acquired technology 14 years $ 104,221 $ (12,754) $ 91,467 Dry stack electrolyzer technology 10 years 29,000 (2,417) 26,583 Customer relationships, Non-compete agreements, Backlog & Trademark 13 years 102,521 (12,846) 89,675 $ 235,742 $ (28,017) $ 207,725 The change in the gross carrying amount of the acquired technology from December 31, 2022 to March 31, 2023 was primarily due to changes in foreign currency translation. Amortization expense for acquired identifiable intangible assets for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $5.0 million and $5.2 million, respectively. The estimated amortization expense for subsequent years is as follows (in thousands): Remainder of 2023 $ 14,347 2024 19,069 2025 18,294 2026 16,702 2027 16,694 2028 and thereafter 118,634 Total $ 203,740 Goodwill was $249.9 million and $248.6 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, which primarily increased due to foreign currency translation adjustments for goodwill associated with our international subsidiaries. The change in the carrying amount of goodwill for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was as follows (in thousands): Beginning balance at December 31, 2022 $ 248,607 Foreign currency translation adjustment 1,264 Ending balance at March 31, 2023 $ 249,871

Long-Term Debt

Long-Term Debt	3 Months Ended
Long-Term Debt	Mar. 31, 2023
Long-Term Debt
Long-Term Debt	9. Long-Term Debt In March 2019, the Company entered into a loan and security agreement, as amended, with Generate Lending, LLC, providing for a secured term loan facility in the amount of $100 million (the “Term Loan Facility”). In December 2022, the Company fully repaid the outstanding balance of the Term Loan Facility. In June 2020, the Company acquired debt as part of its acquisition of United Hydrogen Group Inc. The outstanding carrying value of the debt was $9.0 million as of March 31, 2023. The outstanding principal on the debt was $11.1 million and the unamortized debt discount was $2.1 million, bearing varying interest rates ranging from 2.2% to 8.3%. The debt is scheduled to mature in 2026. As of March 31, 2023, the principal balance is due at each of the following dates as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2023 $ 5,660 December 31, 2024 3,357 December 31, 2025 1,200 December 31, 2026 900 $ 11,117

Convertible Senior Notes

Convertible Senior Notes	3 Months Ended
Convertible Senior Notes	Mar. 31, 2023
Convertible Senior Notes.
Convertible Senior Notes	10. Convertible Senior Notes 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes On May 18, 2020, the Company issued $200.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes due June 1, 2025, in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). On May 29, 2020, the Company issued an additional $12.5 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, there were no conversions of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes. The 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes consisted of the following (in thousands): March 31, December 31, 2023 2022 Principal amounts: Principal $ 197,278 $ 197,278 Unamortized debt issuance costs (1) (3,028) (3,359) Net carrying amount $ 194,250 $ 193,919 1) Included in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets within the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes, net and amortized over the remaining life of the notes using the effective interest rate method. The following table summarizes the total interest expense and effective interest rate related to the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes (in thousands, except for the effective interest rate): March 31, March 31, 2023 2022 Interest expense $ 1,849 $ 1,849 Amortization of debt issuance costs 331 316 Total 2,180 2,165 Effective interest rate 4.5% 4.5% Based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock of $11.72 on March 31, 2023, the if-converted value of the notes was greater than the principal amount. The estimated fair value of the note at March 31, 2023 was approximately $433.6 million. The fair value estimation was primarily based on an active stock exchange trade on March 29, 2023 of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes. Capped Call In conjunction with the pricing of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes, the Company entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions (the “3.75% Notes Capped Call”) with certain counterparties at a price of $16.2 million. The 3.75% Notes Capped Call covers, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, the aggregate number of shares of the Company’s common stock that underlie the initial 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes and The net cost incurred in connection with the 3.75% Notes Capped Call were recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. The book value of the 3.75% Notes Capped Call is not remeasured. Common Stock Forward In March 2018, the Company issued $100.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes due on March 15, 2023, in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act, which have been fully repaid. In connection with the issuance of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes, the Company entered into a forward stock purchase transaction (the “Common Stock Forward”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to purchase 14,397,906 shares of its common stock for settlement on or about March 15, 2023. On May 18, 2020, the Company amended and extended the maturity of the Common Stock Forward to June 1, 2025. The number of shares of common stock that the Company will ultimately repurchase under the Common Stock Forward is subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments. The Common Stock Forward is subject to early settlement or settlement with alternative consideration in the event of certain corporate transactions. The net cost incurred in connection with the Common Stock Forward of $27.5 million was recorded as an increase in treasury stock in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. The related shares were accounted for as a repurchase of common stock. The book value of the Common Stock Forward is not remeasured. There were no shares of common stock settled in connection with the Common Stock Forward during the three months ended March 31, 2023 or during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Stockholders' Equity

Stockholders' Equity	3 Months Ended
Stockholders' Equity	Mar. 31, 2023
Stockholders' Equity
Stockholders' Equity	11. Stockholders’ Equity Common Stock and Warrants On August 24, 2022, a warrant to purchase up to 16,000,000 shares of common stock was issued in connection with a transaction agreement with Amazon, as discussed in Note 12, “Warrant Transaction Agreements.” This warrant is measured at fair value at the time of grant or modification and is classified as an equity instrument on the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income comprises the following (in thousands): Gains and Losses on Unrealized Gains and Losses on Foreign Available-For-Sale Available-For-Sale Currency Securities Securities Items Total December 31, 2022 $ (749) $ (19,472) $ (5,783) $ (26,004) Net current-period other comprehensive loss — 5,311 1,659 6,970 March 31, 2023 $ (749) $ (14,161) $ (4,124) $ (19,034) December 31, 2021 $ (150) $ (67) $ (1,315) $ (1,532) Net current-period other comprehensive loss — (15,080) (1,850) (16,930) March 31, 2022 $ (150) $ (15,147) $ (3,165) $ (18,462)

Warrant Transaction Agreements

Warrant Transaction Agreements	3 Months Ended
Warrant Transaction Agreements	Mar. 31, 2023
Warrant Transaction Agreements
Warrant Transaction Agreements	12. Warrant Transaction Agreements Amazon Transaction Agreement in 2022 On August 24, 2022, the Company and Amazon entered into a Transaction Agreement (the “2022 Transaction Agreement”), under which the Company concurrently issued to Amazon.com NV Investment Holdings LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Amazon, a warrant (the “Amazon Warrant”) to acquire up to 16,000,000 shares (the “Amazon Warrant Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, subject to certain vesting events described below. The Company and Amazon entered into the 2022 Transaction Agreement in connection with a concurrent commercial arrangement under which Amazon agreed to purchase hydrogen fuel from the Company through August 24, 2029. 1,000,000 of the Amazon Warrant Shares vested immediately upon issuance of the Amazon Warrant. 15,000,000 of the Amazon Warrant Shares will vest in multiple tranches over the 7-year term of the Amazon Warrant based on payments made to the Company directly by Amazon or its affiliates, or indirectly through third parties, with 15,000,000 of the Amazon Warrant Shares fully vesting if Amazon-related payments of $2.1 billion are made in the aggregate. The exercise price for the first 9,000,000 Amazon Warrant Shares is $22.9841 per share and the fair value on the grant date was $20.36. The exercise price for the remaining 7,000,000 Amazon Warrant Shares will be an amount per share equal to 90% of the 30-day volume weighted average share price of the Company’s common stock as of the final vesting event that results in full vesting of the first 9,000,000 Amazon Warrant Shares. The Amazon Warrant is exercisable through August 24, 2029. Upon the consummation of certain change of control transactions (as defined in the applicable warrant) prior to the vesting of at least 60% of the aggregate Amazon Warrant Shares, the Amazon Warrant will automatically vest and become exercisable with respect to an additional number of Amazon Warrant Shares such that 60% of the aggregate Amazon Warrant Shares shall have vested. If a change of control transaction is consummated after the vesting of at least 60% of the aggregate Amazon Warrant Shares, then no acceleration of vesting will occur with respect to any of the unvested Amazon Warrant Shares as a result of the transaction. The exercise price and the Amazon Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of the Amazon Warrant are subject to customary antidilution adjustments. At March 31, 2023, 1,000,000 of the Amazon Warrant Shares issued pursuant to the 2022 Transaction Agreement had vested upon issuance. The warrant fair value associated with the vested shares of $20.4 million was capitalized to contract assets in our condensed consolidated unaudited interim financial statements based on the grant date fair value and is subsequently amortized ratably as a reduction to revenue based on the Company’s estimate of revenue over the term of the agreement. The grant date fair value of tranches 2 and 3 will also be amortized ratably as a reduction to revenue based on the Company’s estimate of revenue over the term of the agreement. Because the exercise price has yet to be determined, the fair value of tranche 4 will be remeasured at each reporting period end and amortized ratably as a reduction to revenue based on the Company’s estimate of revenue over the term of the agreement. The total amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue for the Amazon Warrant during the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $1.1 million. The assumptions used to calculate the valuations as of August 24, 2022 and March 31, 2023 are as follows: Tranches 1-3 Tranche 4 August 24, 2022 March 31, 2023 Risk-free interest rate 3.15% 3.50% Volatility 75.00% 75.00% Expected average term 7 years 4 years Exercise price $22.98 $10.55 Stock price $20.36 $11.72 Amazon Transaction Agreement in 2017 On April 4, 2017, the Company and Amazon entered into a Transaction Agreement (the “2017 Amazon Transaction Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue to Amazon.com NV Investment Holdings LLC, a warrant to acquire up to 55,286,696 Amazon Warrant Shares, subject to certain vesting events described below. The Company and Amazon entered into the 2017 Amazon Transaction Agreement in connection with existing commercial agreements between the Company and Amazon with respect to the deployment of the Company’s GenKey fuel cell technology at Amazon distribution centers. The vesting of the Amazon Warrant Shares was conditioned upon payments made by Amazon or its affiliates (directly or indirectly through third parties) pursuant to the existing commercial agreements. At December 31, 2021, all 55,286,696 of the Amazon Warrant Shares had vested. The warrant had been exercised with respect to 27,600,000 and 24,704,450 shares of the Company’s common stock as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Walmart Transaction Agreement On July 20, 2017, the Company and Walmart entered into a Transaction Agreement (the “Walmart Transaction Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue to Walmart a warrant (the “Walmart Warrant”) to acquire up to 55,286,696 shares of the Company’s common stock, subject to certain vesting events (the “Walmart Warrant Shares”). The Company and Walmart entered into the Walmart Transaction Agreement in connection with existing commercial agreements between the Company and Walmart with respect to the deployment of the Company’s GenKey fuel cell technology across various Walmart distribution centers. The existing commercial agreements contemplate, but do not guarantee, future purchase orders for the Company’s fuel cell technology. The vesting of the warrant shares was conditioned upon payments made by Walmart or its affiliates (directly or indirectly through third parties) pursuant to transactions entered into after January 1, 2017 under existing commercial agreements. The warrant had been exercised with respect to 13,094,217 shares of the Company’s common stock as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, 27,643,347 of the Walmart Warrant Shares had vested. The total amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue for the Walmart Warrant during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $12.9 million and $1.7 million, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no exercises with respect to the Walmart Warrant. The assumptions used to calculate the valuations of the final tranche of the Walmart Warrant as of March 31, 2023 are as follows: March 31, 2023 Risk-free interest rate 3.55% Volatility 75.00% Expected average term 3.5 years Exercise price $10.55 Stock price $11.72

Revenue

Revenue	3 Months Ended
Revenue	Mar. 31, 2023
Revenue
Revenue	13. Revenue Disaggregation of revenue The following table provides information about disaggregation of revenue (in thousands): Major products/services lines Three months ended March 31, 2023 2022 Sales of fuel cell systems $ 28,852 $ 37,528 Sales of hydrogen infrastructure 48,868 27,089 Sales of electrolyzers 40,032 4,059 Sales of engineered equipment 7,753 21,968 Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure 9,097 8,240 Power Purchase Agreements 7,937 10,037 Fuel delivered to customers and related equipment 10,142 13,429 Sales of cryogenic equipment and other 56,589 18,203 Other 1,016 251 Net revenue $ 210,286 $ 140,804 Contract balances The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers (in thousands): March 31, December 31, 2023 2022 Accounts receivable $ 127,720 $ 129,450 Contract assets 124,430 104,287 Deferred revenue and contract liabilities 220,150 229,898 Contract assets relate to contracts for which revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis; however, billings escalate over the life of a contract. Contract assets also include amounts recognized as revenue in advance of billings to customers, which are dependent upon the satisfaction of another performance obligation. These amounts are included in contract assets on the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. The contract liabilities relate to the advance consideration received from customers for services that will be recognized over time (primarily fuel cell and related infrastructure services) and advance consideration received from customers prior to delivery of products. These amounts are included within deferred revenue and other contract liabilities on the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. Significant changes in the contract assets and the contract liabilities balances during the period are as follows (in thousands): Contract assets March 31, December 31, 2023 2022 Transferred to receivables from contract assets recognized at the beginning of the period $ (19,709) $ (33,394) Contract assets related to warrants 5,577 26,455 Revenue recognized and not billed as of the end of the period 34,275 72,469 Net change in contract assets $ 20,143 $ 65,530 Deferred revenue and contract liabilities March 31, December 31, 2023 2022 Increases due to cash received, net of amounts recognized as revenue during the period $ 80,740 $ 200,347 Contract liabilities assumed as part of acquisitions — 10,011 Revenue recognized that was included in the contract liability balance as of the beginning of the period (90,488) (163,550) Net change in deferred revenue and contract liabilities $ (9,748) $ 46,808 Estimated future revenue The following table includes estimated revenue included in the backlog expected to be recognized in the future ( sales sales services, Power Purchase Agreements (“PPAs”), and fuel five March 31, 2023 Sales of fuel cell systems $ 53,578 Sales of hydrogen installations and other infrastructure 21,807 Sales of electrolyzers 281,720 Sales of engineered equipment 16,628 Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure 121,418 Power Purchase Agreements 385,096 Fuel delivered to customers and related equipment 92,470 Sales of cryogenic equipment 121,657 Total estimated future revenue $ 1,094,374 Contract costs Contract costs consist of capitalized commission fees and other expenses related to obtaining or fulfilling a contract. Capitalized contract costs at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were $0.6 million.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes	3 Months Ended
Income Taxes	Mar. 31, 2023
Income Taxes
Income Taxes	14. Income Taxes The Company recorded $1.3 million and $0.4 million of income tax benefit for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company has not changed its overall conclusion with respect to the need for a valuation allowance against its domestic net deferred tax assets, which remain fully reserved. The domestic net deferred tax asset generated from the Company’s net operating loss has been offset by a full valuation allowance because it is more likely than not that the tax benefits of the net operating loss carry forward will not be realized. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, if any, as a component of income tax expense.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements	3 Months Ended
Fair Value Measurements	Mar. 31, 2023
Fair Value Measurements
Fair Value Measurements	15. Fair Value Measurements The Company records the fair value of assets and liabilities in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement In addition to defining fair value, ASC 820 expands the disclosure requirements around fair value and establishes a fair value hierarchy for valuation inputs. The hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three levels based on the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market. Each fair value measurement is reported in one of the three levels, which is determined by the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. These levels are: ● Level 1 — quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. ● Level 2 — quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. ● Level 3 — unobservable inputs reflecting management’s own assumptions about the inputs used in pricing the asset or liability at fair value. Securities reported at fair value utilizing Level 1 inputs represent assets whose fair value is determined based upon observable unadjusted quoted market prices for identical assets in active markets. Level 2 securities represent assets whose fair value is determined using observable market information such as previous day trade prices, quotes from less active markets or quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics. Available-for-sale securities are characterized as Level 2 assets, as their fair values are determined using observable market inputs. Equity securities are characterized as Level 1 assets, as their fair values are determined using active markets for identical assets. There were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Financial instruments not recorded at fair value on a recurring basis include equity method investments that have not been remeasured or impaired in the current period, such as our investments in HyVia, AccionaPlug, and SK Plug Hyverse. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company contributed approximately $40.1 million to HyVia, AccionaPlug and SK Plug Hyverse. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below (in thousands): As of March 31, 2023 Carrying Fair Fair Value Measurements Amount Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Assets Cash equivalents $ 208,358 $ 208,358 $ 208,358 $ — $ — Corporate bonds 163,863 163,863 — 163,863 — U.S. Treasuries 864,508 864,508 864,508 — — Equity securities 139,911 139,911 139,911 — — Liabilities Contingent consideration 123,473 123,473 — — 123,473 As of December 31, 2022 Carrying Fair Fair Value Measurements Amount Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Assets Cash equivalents $ 212,577 $ 212,577 $ 212,577 $ — $ — Corporate bonds 193,633 193,633 — 193,633 — U.S. Treasuries 1,139,310 1,139,310 1,139,310 — — Equity securities 134,836 134,836 134,836 — — Liabilities Contingent consideration 116,165 116,165 — — 116,165 The liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis that have unobservable inputs and are therefore categorized as level 3 are related to contingent consideration. The fair value as of March 31, 2023 of $123.5 million is comprised of $59.9 million related to the acquisition of Joule, as well as $63.6 million from the Frames Holding B.V. (“Frames”) and Applied Cryo Technologies, Inc. (“Applied Cryo”) acquisitions in 2021 and the Giner ELX, Inc. and United Hydrogen Group Inc. acquisition in 2020. In connection with the Applied Cryo acquisition, the Company recorded on its consolidated balance sheet an initial liability of $14.0 million representing the fair value of contingent consideration payable, and is recorded in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheet in c . The fair value of this contingent consideration was $19.0 million and $15.9 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and as a result a $3.1 million increase was recorded due to a settlement with the sellers. We expect $19.0 million to be paid to the sellers in the second quarter of 2023. In connection with the Frames acquisition, the Company recorded on its consolidated balance sheet a liability of $29.1 million representing the fair value of contingent consideration payable. The fair value of this contingent consideration was $29.7 million and $31.0 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The change in fair value compared to December 31, 2022 was due to a change in the foreign currency translation, partially offset by an decrease in the liability. The Company recorded an adjustment of $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 in change in fair value of contingent consideration in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statement of operations. In connection with the Giner ELX, Inc. acquisition The fair value of this contingent consideration was $13.3 million and $14.5 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and as a result, a $1.3 million decrease was recorded in unaudited interim condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023. In connection with the acquisition The fair value of this contingent consideration was $1.6 million and $1.5 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and, as a result, a $0.1 million increase was recorded in unaudited interim condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023. In the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets, contingent consideration is recorded in the contingent consideration, loss accrual for service contracts, and other current liabilities financial statement line item, and is comprised of the following unobservable inputs for the three months ending March 31, 2023: Financial Instrument Fair Value Valuation Technique Unobservable Input Range (weighted average) Contingent Consideration $ 87,049 Scenario based method Credit spread 15.73% - 15.74% Discount rate 19.85% - 20.68% 11,880 Monte carlo simulation Credit spread 15.74% Discount rate 20.00%-20.30% Revenue volatility 45.29% 24,544 Monte carlo simulation Credit spread 15.73% Revenue volatility 35.7% - 23.1% (35.0%) Gross profit volatility 106.7% - 23.2% (60.0%) $ 123,473 In the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets, contingent consideration is recorded in the contingent consideration, loss accrual for service contracts, and other current liabilities financial statement line item, and is comprised of the following unobservable inputs for the twelve months ending December 31, 2022: Financial Instrument Fair Value Valuation Technique Unobservable Input Range (weighted average) Contingent Consideration $ 85,269 Scenario based method Credit spread 15.73% - 15.74% Discount rate 19.85% - 20.68% 11,310 Monte carlo simulation Credit spread 15.74% Discount rate 20.00%-20.30% Revenue volatility 45.29% 19,586 Monte carlo simulation Credit spread 15.73% Revenue volatility 35.7% - 23.1% (35.0%) Gross profit volatility 106.7% - 23.2% (60.0%) $ 116,165 The change in the carrying amount of Level 3 liabilities for the three month period ended March 31, 2023 was as follows (in thousands): Three months ended March 31, 2023 Beginning balance at December 31, 2022 $ 116,165 Payments (2,000) Fair value adjustments 8,769 Foreign currency translation adjustment 539 Ending balance at March 31, 2023 $ 123,473

Investments

Investments	3 Months Ended
Investments	Mar. 31, 2023
Investments
Investments	16. Investments The fair values of the Company’s investments are based upon prices provided by an independent pricing service provider. Management has assessed and concluded that these prices are reasonable and has not adjusted any prices received from the independent pricing service provider. The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, fair value of those investments classified as available-for-sale, and allowance for credit losses at March 31, 2023 are summarized as follows (in thousands): March 31, 2023 Amortized Gross Gross Fair Allowance for Cost Unrealized Gains Unrealized Losses Value Credit Losses Corporate bonds $ 169,804 $ 15 $ (5,956) $ 163,863 — U.S. Treasuries 875,927 106 (11,525) 864,508 — Total $ 1,045,731 $ 121 $ (17,481) $ 1,028,371 $ — The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, fair value of those investments classified as available-for-sale, and allowance for credit losses at December 31, 2022 are summarized as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2022 Amortized Gross Gross Fair Allowance for Cost Unrealized Gains Unrealized Losses Value Credit Losses Corporate bonds $ 200,735 $ 7 $ (7,109) $ 193,633 — U.S. Treasuries 1,154,879 111 (15,680) 1,139,310 — Total $ 1,355,614 $ 118 $ (22,789) $ 1,332,943 $ — The following table summarizes the fair value and gross unrealized losses on securities classified as available-for-sale, and length of time that the individual securities have been in a continuous loss position as of March 31, 2023 (in thousands): March 31, 2023 Less than 12 months 12 months or greater Total Fair Value of Fair Value of Fair Value of Investments with Gross Unrealized Investments with Gross Unrealized Investments with Gross Unrealized Unrealized Losses Losses Unrealized Losses Losses Unrealized Losses Losses Corporate bonds $ 8,794 $ (226) $ 141,875 $ (5,730) $ 150,669 $ (5,956) U.S. Treasuries 24,884 (94) 307,587 (11,431) 332,471 (11,525) Total available-for-sale securities $ 33,678 $ (320) $ 449,462 $ (17,161) $ 483,140 $ (17,481) We regularly review available-for-sale securities for declines in fair values that we determine to be credit related. In order to determine whether an allowance for credit losses was required, we considered factors such as whether amounts related to securities have become uncollectible, whether we intend to sell a security, and whether it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell a security prior to recovery. The Company also reviewed the declines in market value related to our available-for-sale securities and determined that these declines were due to fluctuations in interest rates. As of March 31, 2023, the Company did not have an allowance for credit losses related to available-for-sale securities. The cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of those investments classified as equity securities at March 31, 2023 are summarized as follows (in thousands): March 31, 2023 Gross Gross Fair Cost Unrealized Gains Unrealized Losses Value Fixed income mutual funds $ 70,257 $ $ (2,245) $ 68,012 Exchange traded mutual funds 76,000 (4,101) 71,899 Total $ 146,257 $ — $ (6,346) $ 139,911 The cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of those investments classified as equity securities at December 31, 2022 are summarized as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2022 Gross Gross Fair Cost Unrealized Gains Unrealized Losses Value Fixed income mutual funds $ 70,257 $ — $ (2,620) $ 67,637 Exchange traded mutual funds 75,999 — (8,800) 67,199 Total $ 146,256 $ — $ (11,420) $ 134,836 A summary of the amortized cost and fair value of investments classified as available-for-sale, by contractual maturity, as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was as follows (in thousands): March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Amortized Fair Amortized Fair Maturity: Cost Value Cost Value Less than 12 months $ 817,369 $ 810,898 $ 1,045,120 $ 1,039,333 12 months or greater 228,362 217,473 310,494 293,610 Total $ 1,045,731 $ 1,028,371 $ 1,355,614 $ 1,332,943 Accrued interest income was $2.4 million and $3.0 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and included within the balance for prepaid expenses and other current assets in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. Equity Method Investments As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company accounted for the following investments in the investee’s common stock under the equity method, which are included in the investments in non-consolidated entities and non-marketable equity securities on the interim unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets (amounts in thousands): As of March 31, 2023 As of December 31, 2022 Formation Common Stock Carrying Common Stock Carrying Investee Date Ownership % Value Ownership % Value HyVia Q2 2021 50% $ 29,722 50% $ 11,281 AccionaPlug S.L. Q4 2021 50% 1,941 50% 2,225 SK Plug Hyverse Q1 2022 49% 26,719 49% 8,937 $ 58,382 $ 22,443

Operating and Finance Lease Lia

Operating and Finance Lease Liabilities	3 Months Ended
Operating and Finance Lease Liabilities	Mar. 31, 2023
Operating and Finance Lease Liabilities
Operating and Finance Lease Liabilities	17. Operating and Finance Lease Liabilities As of March 31, 2023, the Company had operating leases, as lessee, primarily associated with sale/leaseback transactions that are partially secured by restricted cash, security deposits and pledged escrows (see also Note 1, “Nature of Operations”) as summarized below. These leases expire over the next one Leases contain termination clauses with associated penalties, the amount of which cause the likelihood of cancellation to be remote. At the end of the lease term, the leased assets may be returned to the lessor by the Company, the Company may negotiate with the lessor to purchase the assets at fair market value, or the Company may negotiate with the lessor to renew the lease at market rental rates. No residual value guarantees are contained in the leases. No financial covenants are contained within the lease; however, the lease contains customary operational covenants such as the requirement that the Company properly maintain the leased assets and carry appropriate insurance. The leases include credit support in the form of either cash, collateral or letters of credit. See Note 19, “Commitments and Contingencies” for a description of cash held as security associated with the leases. The Company has finance leases associated with its property and equipment in Latham, New York and at fueling customer locations. The fair value of this finance obligation approximated the carrying value as of March 31, 2023. Future minimum lease payments under operating and finance leases (with initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year) as of March 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands): Finance Total Operating Lease Lease Lease Liability Liability Liabilities Remainder of 2023 $ 64,464 $ 8,712 $ 73,176 2024 85,832 11,476 97,308 2025 81,119 14,387 95,506 2026 71,088 11,529 82,617 2027 56,978 8,252 65,230 2028 and thereafter 102,913 1,330 104,243 Total future minimum payments 462,394 55,686 518,080 Less imputed interest (134,595) (7,660) (142,255) Total $ 327,799 $ 48,026 $ 375,825 Rental expense for all operating leases was $21.9 million and $14.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, security deposits associated with sale/leaseback transactions were $6.0 million and $5.8 million, respectively, and were included in other assets in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the right of use assets associated with finance leases was $62.4 million and $58.4 million, respectively. The accumulated depreciation for these right of use assets was $5.7 million and $4.7 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Other information related to the operating leases are presented in the following table: Three months ended Three months ended March 31, 2023 March 31, 2022 Cash payments (in thousands) $ 21,648 $ 13,547 Weighted average remaining lease term (years) 2.66 5.46 Weighted average discount rate 11.3% 10.9% Finance lease costs include amortization of the right of use assets (i.e., depreciation expense) and interest on lease liabilities (i.e., interest and other expense, net in the consolidated statement of operations), and were $1.1 million and $0.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, respectively.

Finance Obligation

Finance Obligation	3 Months Ended
Finance Obligation	Mar. 31, 2023
Finance Obligation
Finance Obligation	18. Finance Obligation The Company has sold future services to be performed associated with certain sale/leaseback transactions and recorded the balance as a finance obligation. The outstanding balance of this obligation at March 31, 2023 was $324.9 million, $59.9 million and $265.0 million of which was classified as short-term and long-term, respectively, on the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheet. The outstanding balance of this obligation at December 31, 2022 was $312.1 million, $55.4 million and $256.6 million of which was classified as short-term and long-term, respectively. The amount is amortized using the effective interest method. Interest expense recorded related to finance obligations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $9.2 million and $6.7 million, respectively. The fair value of this finance obligation approximated the carrying value as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. In prior periods, the Company entered into sale/leaseback transactions that were accounted for as financing transactions and reported as part of finance obligations. The outstanding balance of finance obligations related to sale/leaseback transactions at March 31, 2023 was $17.9 million, $3.5 million and $14.4 million of which was classified as short-term and long-term, respectively on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. The outstanding balance of this obligation at December 31, 2022 was $17.2 million, $3.5 million and $13.7 million of which was classified as short-term and long-term, respectively on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of this finance obligation approximated the carrying value as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Future minimum payments under finance obligations notes above as of March 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands): Total Sale of future Sale/leaseback Finance revenue - debt financings Obligations Remainder of 2023 $ 70,471 $ 3,591 $ 74,062 2024 93,961 10,589 104,550 2025 88,705 1,686 90,391 2026 71,333 1,686 73,019 2027 54,831 1,686 56,517 2028 and thereafter 44,364 1,955 46,319 Total future minimum payments 423,665 21,193 444,858 Less imputed interest (98,767) (3,277) (102,044) Total $ 324,898 $ 17,916 $ 342,814

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies	3 Months Ended
Commitments and Contingencies	Mar. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments and Contingencies	19. Commitments and Contingencies Restricted Cash In connection with certain of the above noted sale/leaseback agreements, cash of $445.2 million and $383.7 million was required to be restricted as security as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, which restricted cash will be released over the lease term. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company also had certain letters of credit backed by security deposits totaling $363.2 million and $379.6 million, respectively, of which $340.5 million and $354.0 million are security for the above noted sale/leaseback agreements, respectively, and $22.7 million and $25.6 million are customs related letters of credit, respectively. As of both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had $75.5 million held in escrow related to the construction of certain hydrogen plants. The Company also had $5.0 million, $1.2 million, and $1.8 million of consideration held by our paying agent in connection with the Applied Cryo, Joule, and CIS acquisitions, respectively, reported as restricted cash as of March 31, 2023, with a corresponding accrued liability on the Company’s unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheet. Additionally, the Company had $6.5 million and $10.8 million in restricted cash as collateral resulting from the Frames acquisition as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Litigation Legal matters are defended and handled in the ordinary course of business. Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines, and penalties and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Legal costs incurred in connection with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred. The Company has not recorded any accruals related to any legal matters. As previously disclosed, several actions were filed in the U.S. District Courts for the Southern District of New York and for the Central District of California In re Plug Power, Inc. Securities Litigation On March 31, 2021, Junwei Liu, an alleged Company stockholder, derivatively and on behalf of nominal defendant Plug, filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York against certain Company directors and officers (the “Derivative Defendants”), captioned Liu v. Marsh et al., Case No. 1:21-cv-02753 (S.D.N.Y.) (the “Liu Derivative Complaint”). The Liu Derivative Complaint alleges that, between November 9, 2020 and March 1, 2021, the Derivative Defendants “made, or caused the Company to make, materially false and misleading statements concerning Plug Power’s business, operations, and prospects” by “issu[ing] positive financial information and optimistic guidance, and made assurances that the Company’s internal controls were effective,” when, “[i]n reality, the Company’s internal controls suffered from material deficiencies that rendered them ineffective.” The Liu Derivative Complaint asserts claims for (1) breach of fiduciary duties, (2) unjust enrichment, (3) abuse of control, (4) gross mismanagement, (5) waste of corporate assets, and (6) contribution under Sections 10(b) and 21D of the Exchange Act (as to the named officer defendants). The Liu Derivative Complaint seeks a judgment “[d]eclaring that Plaintiff may maintain this action on behalf of Plug”; “[d]eclaring that the [Derivative] Defendants have breached and/or aided and abetted the breach of their fiduciary duties”; “awarding to Plug Power the damages sustained by it as a result of the violations” set forth in the Liu Derivative Complaint, “together with pre-judgment and post-judgment interest thereon”; “[d]irecting Plug Power and the [Derivative] Defendants to take all necessary actions to reform and improve Plug Power’s corporate governance and internal procedures to comply with applicable laws”; and “[a]warding Plaintiff the costs and disbursements of this action, including reasonable attorneys’ and experts’ fees, costs, and expenses”; and “[s]uch other and further relief as the [c]ourt may deem just and proper.” On April 5, 2021, alleged Company stockholders Elias Levy and Camerohn X. Withers, derivatively and on behalf of nominal defendant Plug, filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York against the Derivative Defendants named in the Liu Derivative Complaint, captioned Levy et al. v. McNamee et al., Case No. 1:21-cv-02891 (S.D.N.Y.) (the “Levy Derivative Complaint”). The Levy Derivative Complaint alleges that, from November 9, 2020 to April 5, 2021, the Derivative Defendants “breached their duties of loyalty and good faith” by failing to disclose “(1) that the Company would be unable to timely file its 2020 annual report due to delays related to the review of classification of certain costs and the recoverability of the right to use assets with certain leases; (2) that the Company was reasonably likely to report material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting; and (3) that, as a result of the foregoing, Defendants’ positive statements about the Company’s business, operations, and prospects were materially misleading and/or lacked a reasonable basis.” The Levy Derivative Complaint asserts claims for (1) breach of fiduciary duty (as to the named director defendants), (2) unjust enrichment (as to certain named director defendants), (3) waste of corporate assets (as to the named director defendants), and (4) violations of Sections 10(b) and 21D of the Exchange Act (as to the named officer defendants). The Levy Derivative Complaint seeks a judgment “declaring that Plaintiffs may maintain this action on behalf of the Company”; finding the Derivative Defendants “liable for breaching their fiduciary duties owed to the Company”; directing the Derivative Defendants “to take all necessary actions to reform and improve the Company’s corporate governance, risk management, and internal operating procedures to comply with applicable laws”; “awarding damages to the Company for the harm the Company suffered as a result of Defendants’ wrongful conduct”; “awarding damages to the Company for [the named officer Derivative Defendants’] violations of Sections 10(b) and 21D of the Exchange Act”; “awarding Plaintiffs the costs and disbursements of this action, including attorneys’, accountants’, and experts’ fees”; and “awarding such other and further relief as is just and equitable.” The Liu Derivative Complaint and the Levy Derivative Complaint have been consolidated in In re Plug Power Derivative Litigation, Lead Case No. 1:21-cv-02753-ER and, by stipulation approved by the Court, the cases have been stayed pending the resolution of the motion to dismiss in the Securities Class action. On May 13, 2021, alleged Company stockholder Romario St. Clair, derivatively and on behalf of nominal defendant Plug, filed a complaint in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York against the derivative defendants named in the Liu derivative Complaint, captioned St. Clair v. Plug Power Inc. et al. [c]ourt deems just and proper.” By stipulation approved by the Court, the case has been stayed pending the resolution of the motion to dismiss in the Securities Class action. On June 13, 2022, alleged Company stockholder Donna Max, derivatively on behalf of the Company as nominal defendant, filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware against the derivative defendants named in the Liu Derivative Complaint, captioned Max v. Marsh, et. al., Case No. 1:22-cv-00781(D. Del.) (the “Max Derivative Complaint”). The Max Derivative Complaint alleges that, for the years 2018, 2019 and 2020, the defendants did not “assure that a reliable system of financial controls was in place and functioning effectively”; “failed to disclose errors in the Company's accounting primarily relating to (i) the reported book value of right of use assets and related finance obligations, (ii) loss accruals for certain service contracts, (iii) the impairment of certain long-lived assets, and (iv) the classification of certain expenses previously included in research and development costs”; and that certain defendants traded Company stock at “artificially inflated stock prices.” The Max Derivative Complaint asserts claims for (1) breach of fiduciary against all defendants; (2) breach of fiduciary duty for insider trading against certain defendants; and (3) contribution under Sections 10(b) and 21D of the Exchange Act against certain defendants. The Max Derivative Complaint seeks an award “for the damages sustained by [the Company]” and related relief. By stipulation approved by the Court, the case has been stayed pending the resolution of the motion to dismiss in the Securities Action. On June 29, 2022, alleged Company stockholder Abbas Khambati, derivatively on behalf of the Company as nominal defendant, filed a complaint in the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware against the derivative defendants named in the Liu Derivative Complaint and Gerard A. Conway, Jr. and Keith Schmid, captioned Khambati v. McNamee, et. al. On July 19, 2022, alleged Company stockholder Anne D. Graziano, as Trustee of the Anne D. Graziano Revocable Living Trust, derivatively on behalf of the Company as nominal defendant, filed a complaint in the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware against the derivative defendants named in the Khambati Derivative Complaint, captioned Graziano v. Marsh, et. al. 2022-0569 and, by stipulation approved by the court, the cases have been stayed pending the resolution of the motion to dismiss in the Securities Action. On April 12, 2023, an action was filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware asserting claims under the federal securities laws against the Company and four of its senior officers, Mr. Marsh, Mr. Middleton, Mr. Mindnich, and Mr. Hull, captioned Melton v. Plug Power Inc et al As previously disclosed, two lawsuits were filed against the Company and other companies in the 9 th District Court, Rapides Parish, Louisiana, arising from the previously disclosed May 2018 accident involving a forklift powered by the Company's fuel cell at a Procter & Gamble facility in Louisiana. Additional defendants included Structural Composite Industries, Deep South Equipment Company, Air Products and Chemicals Inc., Hyster-Yale Group. Westport Industries and Quality Thermistor, Inc. The first suit, Lott, et al v. Plug Power, et al, was filed by a number of individual plaintiffs alleging personal injury claims. Procter & Gamble intervened in that suit to recover workers compensation benefits paid to or for the employees/dependents. Procter & Gamble filed a separate suit for property damage, business interruption. The Company aggressively defended both lawsuits. The Lott case was settled in April 2022 on terms that were extremely favorable for the company. An agreement to settle the separate P&G suit was recently reached, also on terms that are extremely favorable for the Company. Both settlements are funded by the Company's commercial liability insurer, and the amounts are substantially below the policy limits. On May 2, 2023, a lawsuit entitled Jacob Thomas, and JTurbo Engineering & Technology, LLC. v. Joule Processing, LLC. and Plug Power Inc., Case No. 4:23-cv-01615, was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas against the Company. The complaint alleges misappropriation of trade secrets under both the federal Defend Trade Secrets Act of 2016, 18 U.S.C. § 1836, and the Texas Uniform Trade Secrets Act, three breach of contract claims, tort claims and a claim for unfair competition under Texas law. The Company finds all allegations to be lacking in substance and merit. As appropriate, the Company intends to vigorously defend itself against the plaintiffs and exercise all recourse available in a court of law. Concentrations of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable and marketable securities. Cash and restricted cash are maintained in accounts with financial institutions, which, at times may exceed the Federal depository insurance coverage of $0.3 million. The Company has not experienced losses on these accounts and management believes, based upon the quality of the financial institutions, that the credit risk with regard to these deposits is not significant. The Company’s available-for-sale securities consists primarily of investments in U.S. Treasury securities and short-term high credit quality corporate debt securities. Equity securities are comprised of fixed income and equity market index mutual funds. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to receivables exist due to the limited number of select customers with whom the Company has commercial sales arrangements. To mitigate credit risk, the Company performs appropriate evaluation of a prospective customer’s financial condition. At March 31, 2023, one customer comprised 10% of the total accounts receivable balance. At December 31, 2022, one customer comprised approximately 24.9% of the total accounts receivable balance. For purposes of assigning a customer to a sale/leaseback transaction completed with a financial institution, the Company considers the end user of the assets to be the ultimate customer. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, 25.5% of total consolidated revenues were associated with two customers. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, 67.0% of total consolidated revenues were associated with five customers.

Employee Benefit Plans

Employee Benefit Plans	3 Months Ended
Employee Benefit Plans	Mar. 31, 2023
Employee Benefit Plans
Employee Benefit Plans	20. Employee Benefit Plans 2011 and 2021 Stock Option and Incentive Plan The Company has issued stock-based awards to employees and members of its Board of Directors (the “Board”) consisting of stock options and restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards. The Company accounts for all stock-based awards to employees and members of the Board as compensation costs in the consolidated financial statements based on their fair values measured as of the date of grant. These costs are recognized over the requisite service period. Stock-based compensation costs recognized, excluding the Company’s matching contributions of $3.0 million to the Plug Power Inc. 401(k) Savings & Retirement Plan and quarterly Board compensation, were $40.2 million and $40.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, respectively. The methods and assumptions used in the determination of the fair value of stock-based awards are consistent with those described in our 2022 Form 10-K. The components and classification of stock-based compensation expense, excluding the Company’s matching contributions to the Plug Power Inc. 401(k) Savings & Retirement Plan and quarterly Board compensation, were as follows (in thousands): Three months ended March 31, 2023 March 31, 2022 Cost of sales $ 2,677 $ 1,798 Research and development 2,283 1,722 Selling, general and administrative 35,221 37,248 $ 40,181 $ 40,768 Option Awards The Company issues options that are time and performance-based awards. All option awards are determined to be classified as equity awards. Service Stock Options Awards The following table reflects the service stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2023: Weighted Weighted Average Average Remaining Aggregate Exercise Contractual Intrinsic Shares Price Terms Value Options outstanding at December 31, 2022 $ 12,078,269 $ 14.34 $ 7.57 $ 42,835 Granted 94,550 15.44 Exercised (124,269) 5.43 Forfeited (89,017) 22.97 Options outstanding at March 31, 2023 $ 11,959,533 $ 14.38 $ 7.34 $ 38,278 Options exercisable at March 31, 2023 6,879,596 9.71 6.24 37,976 Options unvested at March 31, 2023 $ 5,079,937 $ 20.70 $ 8.83 $ 302 The weighted average grant-date fair value of the service stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $10.48 and $15.34, respectively. The total intrinsic fair value of service stock options exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $1.3 million and $1.1 million, respectively. The total fair value of the service stock options that vested during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was approximately $7.5 million and $5.6 million, respectively. Compensation cost associated with service stock options represented approximately $8.2 million and $5.9 million of the total share-based payment expense recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, there was approximately $51.4 million and $47.0 million, respectively, of unrecognized compensation cost related to service stock option awards to be recognized over the weighted average remaining period of Performance Stock Option Awards The following table reflects the Performance Stock Option activity for the three month ended March 31, 2023. Weighted Weighted Average Average Remaining Aggregate Exercise Contractual Intrinsic Shares Price Terms Value Options outstanding at December 31, 2022 15,520,000 $ 26.87 5.81 $ — Options exercisable at December 31, 2022 1,391,000 26.92 5.73 — Options unvested at December 31, 2022 14,129,000 $ 26.86 5.82 $ — Options outstanding at March 31, 2023 15,520,000 $ 26.87 5.57 $ — Options exercisable at March 31, 2023 1,391,000 26.92 5.48 — Options unvested at March 31, 2023 14,129,000 $ 26.86 5.58 $ — There were no performance stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2023 or 2022. There were no performance stock options exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2023 or 2022. There were no performance stock options that vested during the three months ended March 31, 2023 or 2022. As of March 31, 2023, there were 2,782,000 unvested stock options for which the employee requisite service period has not been rendered but are expected to vest. The aggregate intrinsic value of these unvested stock options is $0 as of March 31, 2023. The weighted average remaining contractual term of these unvested stock options was 5.48 years as of March 31, 2023. Compensation cost associated with performance stock options represented approximately $17.4 million and $25.1 million of the total share-based payment expense recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of March 31, 2023, there was approximately $53.1 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to performance stock option awards to be recognized over the weighted average remaining period of 1.63 years. Restricted Common Stock and Restricted Stock Unit Awards The Company recorded expense associated with its restricted common stock and restricted stock unit awards of approximately $14.6 million and $9.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Additionally, as of March 31, 2023, there was $95.5 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock and restricted common stock unit awards to be recognized over the weighted average period of 1.98 years. As of March 31, 2022, there was $83.7 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted common stock and restricted stock unit awards to be recognized over the weighted average period of 2.1 years. A summary of restricted stock and restricted stock unit activity for the three months ended March 31, 2023 is as follows (in thousands except share amounts): Weighted Aggregate Average Grant Date Intrinsic Shares Fair Value Value Unvested restricted common stock and restricted stock units at December 31, 2022 6,276,376 $ 21.56 $ 77,639 Granted 94,550 15.44 — Vested (409,431) 32.97 — Forfeited (73,482) 22.70 — Unvested restricted common stock and restricted stock units at March 31, 2023 5,888,013 $ 20.65 $ 67,968 The weighted average grant-date fair value of the restricted common stock and restricted stock unit awards granted during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, was $15.44 and $23.86, respectively. The total fair value of restricted shares of common stock and restricted stock unit awards that vested for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $13.5 million and $3.9 million, respectively. 401(k) Savings & Retirement Plan The Company issued 219,970 shares of common stock and 96,539 shares of common stock pursuant to the Plug Power Inc. 401(k) Savings & Retirement Plan during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company’s expense for this plan was approximately $3.0 million and $2.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Non-Employee Director Compensation The Company granted 10,316 shares of common stock and 3,290 shares of common stock to non-employee directors as compensation for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. All common stock issued is fully vested at the time of issuance and is valued at fair value on the date of issuance. The Company’s share-based compensation expense in connection with non-employee director compensation was approximately $0.1 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Accrued Expenses

Accrued Expenses	3 Months Ended
Accrued Expenses	Mar. 31, 2023
Accrued Expenses
Accrued Expenses	21. Accrued Expenses Accrued expenses at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consisted of (in thousands): March 31, December 31, 2023 2022 Accrued payroll and compensation related costs $ 19,887 $ 18,231 Accrual for capital expenditures 31,346 53,089 Accrued accounts payable 93,532 53,899 Accrued sales and other taxes 9,718 15,112 Accrued interest 2,271 421 Accrued other 11,000 15,678 Total $ 167,754 $ 156,430

Segment Reporting

Segment Reporting	3 Months Ended
Segment Reporting	Mar. 31, 2023
Segment Reporting
Segment Reporting	22. Segment Reporting Our organization is managed from a sales perspective on the basis of “go-to-market” sales channels, emphasizing shared learning across end user applications and common supplier/vendor relationships. These sales channels are structured to serve a range of customers for our products and services. As a result of this structure, we concluded that we have one operating and reportable Revenues Long-Lived Assets as of Three Months Ended Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 March 31, 2022 March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 North America $ 161,807 $ 113,678 $ 1,382,681 $ 1,209,900 Europe 40,153 — 18,459 13,215 Asia 3,255 — — — Other 5,071 27,126 — — Total $ 210,286 $ 140,804 $ 1,401,140 $ 1,223,115

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events	3 Months Ended
Subsequent Events	Mar. 31, 2023
Subsequent Events
Subsequent Events	23. Subsequent Events We have evaluated events as of May 9, 2023 and have not identified any subsequent events.

Summary of Significant Accoun_2

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	3 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	Mar. 31, 2023
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Principles of Consolidation	Principles of Consolidation The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In addition, we include our share of the results of our joint venture with Renault SAS (“Renault”) named HyVia SAS, a French société par actions simplifiée (“HyVia”), AccionaPlug S.L. (AccionaPlug), and SK Plug Hyverse Co., Ltd. (“SK Plug Hyverse”), using the equity method based on our economic ownership interest and our ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial decisions of HyVia, AccionaPlug and SK Plug Hyverse. Additionally, we consolidate the results of our joint venture with Niloco Hydrogen Holdings LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Olin Corporation (“Olin”), named “Hidrogenii”.
Interim Financial Statements	Interim Financial Statements The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which consist solely of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly, in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for all periods presented, have been made. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 (the “2022 Form 10-K”). The information presented in the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2022 has been derived from the Company’s December 31, 2022 audited consolidated financial statements. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements contained herein should be read in conjunction with our 2022 Form 10-K .
Recent Accounting Pronouncements	Recent Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance Other than the adoption of the accounting guidance mentioned i n our 2022 Form 10-K, Recent Accounting Guidance Not Yet Effective All issued but not yet effective accounting and reporting standards as of March 31, 2023 are either not applicable to the Company or are not expected to have a material impact on the Company.

Acquisitions (Tables)

Acquisitions (Tables)	3 Months Ended
Acquisitions (Tables)	Mar. 31, 2023
Alloy Custom Products, LLC and WesMor Cryogenics, LLC
Schedule of fair value of consideration paid	The fair value of consideration paid by the Company in connection with the CIS acquisition was as follows (in thousands): Cash $ 30,700 Due to Cryogenic Industrial Solutions, LLC 500 Plug Power Inc. Common Stock 6,107 Total consideration $ 37,307
Summary of allocation of the purchase price to the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired	The following table summarizes the preliminary allocation of the purchase price to the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired, excluding goodwill (in thousands): Cash $ 267 Accounts receivable 5,038 Inventory 11,120 Prepaid expenses and other assets 464 Property, plant and equipment 3,887 Right of use asset 1,538 Identifiable intangible assets 13,430 Lease liability (1,562) Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities (3,826) Deferred revenue (6,193) Total net assets acquired, excluding goodwill $ 24,163
Business combination segment allocation	Consideration paid $ 37,307 Less: net assets acquired (24,163) Total goodwill recognized $ 13,144
Joule Processing LLC
Schedule of fair value of consideration paid	The fair value of consideration paid by the Company in connection with the Joule acquisition was as follows (in thousands): Cash $ 28,140 Contingent consideration 41,732 Total consideration $ 69,872
Summary of allocation of the purchase price to the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired	The following table summarizes the final allocation of the purchase price to the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired, excluding goodwill (in thousands): Current assets $ 2,672 Property, plant and equipment 493 Right of use asset 182 Identifiable intangible assets 60,522 Lease liability (374) Current liabilities (2,612) Contract liability (3,818) Total net assets acquired, excluding goodwill $ 57,065
Business combination segment allocation	Goodwill associated with the Joule acquisition was calculated as follows (in thousands): Consideration paid $ 28,140 Contingent consideration 41,732 Less: net assets acquired (57,065) Total goodwill recognized $ 12,807

Extended Maintenance Contracts

Extended Maintenance Contracts (Tables)	3 Months Ended
Extended Maintenance Contracts (Tables)	Mar. 31, 2023
Extended Maintenance Contracts
Schedule of accrual for loss contracts	The following table shows the roll forward of balances in the accrual for loss contracts, including changes due to the provision for loss accrual, loss accrual acquired from acquisition, releases to service cost of sales, releases due to the provision for warrants, and foreign currency translation adjustment (in thousands): Three months Year ended ended March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Beginning balance $ 81,066 $ 89,773 Provision for loss accrual 6,981 23,295 Releases to service cost of sales (6,668) (35,446) Increase/(decrease) to loss accrual related to customer warrants (92) 3,506 Foreign currency translation adjustment 25 (62) Ending balance $ 81,312 $ 81,066

Earnings Per Share (Tables)

Earnings Per Share (Tables)	3 Months Ended
Earnings Per Share (Tables)	Mar. 31, 2023
Earnings Per Share
Schedule of potential dilutive common shares	At March 31, 2023 2022 Stock options outstanding (1) 27,479,533 24,185,000 Restricted stock and restricted stock units outstanding (2) 5,888,013 5,439,207 Common stock warrants (3) 85,879,175 80,017,181 Convertible Senior Notes (4) 39,170,766 39,170,766 Number of dilutive potential shares of common stock 158,417,487 148,812,154 (1) During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company granted options for 94,550 and 451,500 shares of common stock, respectively. (2) During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company granted 94,550 and 802,500 shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units, respectively. (3) In August 2022, the Company issued a warrant to acquire up to 16,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock as part of a transaction agreement with Amazon.com, Inc. (“Amazon”), subject to certain vesting events, as described in Note 12, “Warrant Transaction Agreements.” The warrant had not been exercised as of March 31, 2023. In April 2017, the Company issued a warrant to acquire up to 55,286,696 shares of the Company’s common stock as part of a transaction agreement with Amazon, subject to certain vesting events, as described in Note 12, “Warrant Transaction Agreements.” The warrant had been exercised with respect to 27,600,000 and 24,704,450 shares of the Company’s common stock as of March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. In July 2017, the Company issued a warrant to acquire up to 55,286,696 shares of the Company’s common stock as part of a transaction agreement with Walmart, subject to certain vesting events, as described in Note 12, “Warrant Transaction Agreements.” The warrant had been exercised with respect to 13,094,217 shares of the Company’s common stock as of March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. (4) In March 2018, the Company issued $100.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023 (the “ 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes”). In May 2020, the Company repurchased $66.3 million of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes and in the fourth quarter of 2020, $33.5 million of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes were converted into approximately 14.6 million shares of common stock. The remaining $0.2 million aggregate principal amount of the 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes were converted into 69,808 shares of common stock in January 2021. In May 2020, the Company issued $212.5 million in aggregate principal amount of the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025 (the “ 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes). There were no conversions for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

Inventory (Tables)

Inventory (Tables)	3 Months Ended
Inventory (Tables)	Mar. 31, 2023
Inventory
Schedule of Inventory	Inventory as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands): March 31, December 31, 2023 2022 Raw materials and supplies - production locations $ 550,315 $ 450,432 Raw materials and supplies - customer locations 21,765 18,860 Work-in-process 139,013 112,231 Finished goods 64,556 64,113 Inventory $ 775,649 $ 645,636

Property, Plant and Equipment (

Property, Plant and Equipment (Tables)	3 Months Ended
Property, Plant and Equipment (Tables)	Mar. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment
Schedule of Property plant and equipment	Property, plant and equipment at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands): March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Land $ 1,772 $ 1,772 Construction in progress 697,456 575,141 Building and leasehold improvements 40,548 21,363 Software, machinery, and equipment 188,530 169,633 Property, plant, and equipment 928,306 767,909 Less: accumulated depreciation (53,647) (48,116) Property, plant, and equipment, net $ 874,659 $ 719,793

Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Intangible Assets and Goodwill (Tables)	3 Months Ended
Intangible Assets and Goodwill (Tables)	Mar. 31, 2023
Intangible Assets and Goodwill
Schedule of Intangible assets	The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the Company’s acquired identifiable intangible assets as of March 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands): Weighted Average Gross Carrying Accumulated Amortization Period Amount Amortization Total Acquired technology 14 years $ 104,389 (14,746) $ 89,643 Dry stack electrolyzer technology 10 years 29,000 (3,142) 25,858 Customer relationships, Non-compete agreements, Backlog & Trademark 12 years 103,325 (15,086) 88,239 $ 236,714 $ (32,974) $ 203,740 The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the Company’s acquired identifiable intangible assets as of December 31, 2022 were as follows (in thousands): Weighted Average Gross Carrying Accumulated Amortization Period Amount Amortization Total Acquired technology 14 years $ 104,221 $ (12,754) $ 91,467 Dry stack electrolyzer technology 10 years 29,000 (2,417) 26,583 Customer relationships, Non-compete agreements, Backlog & Trademark 13 years 102,521 (12,846) 89,675 $ 235,742 $ (28,017) $ 207,725
Schedule of future amortization of intangible assets	The estimated amortization expense for subsequent years is as follows (in thousands): Remainder of 2023 $ 14,347 2024 19,069 2025 18,294 2026 16,702 2027 16,694 2028 and thereafter 118,634 Total $ 203,740
Schedule of changes in the carrying amount of goodwill	The change in the carrying amount of goodwill for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was as follows (in thousands): Beginning balance at December 31, 2022 $ 248,607 Foreign currency translation adjustment 1,264 Ending balance at March 31, 2023 $ 249,871

Long-Term Debt (Tables)

Long-Term Debt (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Long-Term Debt (Tables)	Dec. 31, 2023
Long-Term Debt
Schedule of long term debt	December 31, 2023 $ 5,660 December 31, 2024 3,357 December 31, 2025 1,200 December 31, 2026 900 $ 11,117

Convertible Senior Notes (Table

Convertible Senior Notes (Tables) - 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Schedule of Convertible Senior Notes	The 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes consisted of the following (in thousands): March 31, December 31, 2023 2022 Principal amounts: Principal $ 197,278 $ 197,278 Unamortized debt issuance costs (1) (3,028) (3,359) Net carrying amount $ 194,250 $ 193,919 1) Included in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets within the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes, net and amortized over the remaining life of the notes using the effective interest rate method.
Schedule of debt	The following table summarizes the total interest expense and effective interest rate related to the 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes (in thousands, except for the effective interest rate): March 31, March 31, 2023 2022 Interest expense $ 1,849 $ 1,849 Amortization of debt issuance costs 331 316 Total 2,180 2,165 Effective interest rate 4.5% 4.5%

Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

Stockholders' Equity (Tables)	3 Months Ended
Stockholders' Equity (Tables)	Mar. 31, 2023
Stockholders' Equity
Schedule of accumulated other comprehensive loss	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income comprises the following (in thousands): Gains and Losses on Unrealized Gains and Losses on Foreign Available-For-Sale Available-For-Sale Currency Securities Securities Items Total December 31, 2022 $ (749) $ (19,472) $ (5,783) $ (26,004) Net current-period other comprehensive loss — 5,311 1,659 6,970 March 31, 2023 $ (749) $ (14,161) $ (4,124) $ (19,034) December 31, 2021 $ (150) $ (67) $ (1,315) $ (1,532) Net current-period other comprehensive loss — (15,080) (1,850) (16,930) March 31, 2022 $ (150) $ (15,147) $ (3,165) $ (18,462)

Warrant Transaction Agreements

Warrant Transaction Agreements (Tables)	3 Months Ended
Warrant Transaction Agreements (Tables)	Mar. 31, 2023
Amazon
Schedule of Fair Value Assumption of Warrants	Tranches 1-3 Tranche 4 August 24, 2022 March 31, 2023 Risk-free interest rate 3.15% 3.50% Volatility 75.00% 75.00% Expected average term 7 years 4 years Exercise price $22.98 $10.55 Stock price $20.36 $11.72
Walmart
Schedule of Fair Value Assumption of Warrants	March 31, 2023 Risk-free interest rate 3.55% Volatility 75.00% Expected average term 3.5 years Exercise price $10.55 Stock price $11.72

Revenue (Tables)

Revenue (Tables)	3 Months Ended
Revenue (Tables)	Mar. 31, 2023
Revenue
Schedule of disaggregation of revenue	The following table provides information about disaggregation of revenue (in thousands): Major products/services lines Three months ended March 31, 2023 2022 Sales of fuel cell systems $ 28,852 $ 37,528 Sales of hydrogen infrastructure 48,868 27,089 Sales of electrolyzers 40,032 4,059 Sales of engineered equipment 7,753 21,968 Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure 9,097 8,240 Power Purchase Agreements 7,937 10,037 Fuel delivered to customers and related equipment 10,142 13,429 Sales of cryogenic equipment and other 56,589 18,203 Other 1,016 251 Net revenue $ 210,286 $ 140,804
Schedule of receivables, contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers	The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers (in thousands): March 31, December 31, 2023 2022 Accounts receivable $ 127,720 $ 129,450 Contract assets 124,430 104,287 Deferred revenue and contract liabilities 220,150 229,898
Schedule of changes in contract assets and the contract liabilities	Significant changes in the contract assets and the contract liabilities balances during the period are as follows (in thousands): Contract assets March 31, December 31, 2023 2022 Transferred to receivables from contract assets recognized at the beginning of the period $ (19,709) $ (33,394) Contract assets related to warrants 5,577 26,455 Revenue recognized and not billed as of the end of the period 34,275 72,469 Net change in contract assets $ 20,143 $ 65,530 Deferred revenue and contract liabilities March 31, December 31, 2023 2022 Increases due to cash received, net of amounts recognized as revenue during the period $ 80,740 $ 200,347 Contract liabilities assumed as part of acquisitions — 10,011 Revenue recognized that was included in the contract liability balance as of the beginning of the period (90,488) (163,550) Net change in deferred revenue and contract liabilities $ (9,748) $ 46,808
Schedule of Estimated future revenue	The following table includes estimated revenue included in the backlog expected to be recognized in the future ( sales sales services, Power Purchase Agreements (“PPAs”), and fuel five March 31, 2023 Sales of fuel cell systems $ 53,578 Sales of hydrogen installations and other infrastructure 21,807 Sales of electrolyzers 281,720 Sales of engineered equipment 16,628 Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure 121,418 Power Purchase Agreements 385,096 Fuel delivered to customers and related equipment 92,470 Sales of cryogenic equipment 121,657 Total estimated future revenue $ 1,094,374

Fair Value Measurements (Tables

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)	3 Months Ended
Fair Value Measurements (Tables)	Mar. 31, 2023
Fair Value Measurements
Schedule of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis	Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below (in thousands): As of March 31, 2023 Carrying Fair Fair Value Measurements Amount Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Assets Cash equivalents $ 208,358 $ 208,358 $ 208,358 $ — $ — Corporate bonds 163,863 163,863 — 163,863 — U.S. Treasuries 864,508 864,508 864,508 — — Equity securities 139,911 139,911 139,911 — — Liabilities Contingent consideration 123,473 123,473 — — 123,473 As of December 31, 2022 Carrying Fair Fair Value Measurements Amount Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Assets Cash equivalents $ 212,577 $ 212,577 $ 212,577 $ — $ — Corporate bonds 193,633 193,633 — 193,633 — U.S. Treasuries 1,139,310 1,139,310 1,139,310 — — Equity securities 134,836 134,836 134,836 — — Liabilities Contingent consideration 116,165 116,165 — — 116,165
Schedule of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis that have unobservable inputs	Financial Instrument Fair Value Valuation Technique Unobservable Input Range (weighted average) Contingent Consideration $ 87,049 Scenario based method Credit spread 15.73% - 15.74% Discount rate 19.85% - 20.68% 11,880 Monte carlo simulation Credit spread 15.74% Discount rate 20.00%-20.30% Revenue volatility 45.29% 24,544 Monte carlo simulation Credit spread 15.73% Revenue volatility 35.7% - 23.1% (35.0%) Gross profit volatility 106.7% - 23.2% (60.0%) $ 123,473 In the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets, contingent consideration is recorded in the contingent consideration, loss accrual for service contracts, and other current liabilities financial statement line item, and is comprised of the following unobservable inputs for the twelve months ending December 31, 2022: Financial Instrument Fair Value Valuation Technique Unobservable Input Range (weighted average) Contingent Consideration $ 85,269 Scenario based method Credit spread 15.73% - 15.74% Discount rate 19.85% - 20.68% 11,310 Monte carlo simulation Credit spread 15.74% Discount rate 20.00%-20.30% Revenue volatility 45.29% 19,586 Monte carlo simulation Credit spread 15.73% Revenue volatility 35.7% - 23.1% (35.0%) Gross profit volatility 106.7% - 23.2% (60.0%) $ 116,165
Schedule of activity in the level 3 liabilities	The change in the carrying amount of Level 3 liabilities for the three month period ended March 31, 2023 was as follows (in thousands): Three months ended March 31, 2023 Beginning balance at December 31, 2022 $ 116,165 Payments (2,000) Fair value adjustments 8,769 Foreign currency translation adjustment 539 Ending balance at March 31, 2023 $ 123,473

Investments (Tables)

Investments (Tables)	3 Months Ended
Investments (Tables)	Mar. 31, 2023
Investments
Schedule of gross unrealized gains and losses, and the amortized cost, allowance for credit losses, and fair value of those investments classified as available-for-sale	The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, fair value of those investments classified as available-for-sale, and allowance for credit losses at March 31, 2023 are summarized as follows (in thousands): March 31, 2023 Amortized Gross Gross Fair Allowance for Cost Unrealized Gains Unrealized Losses Value Credit Losses Corporate bonds $ 169,804 $ 15 $ (5,956) $ 163,863 — U.S. Treasuries 875,927 106 (11,525) 864,508 — Total $ 1,045,731 $ 121 $ (17,481) $ 1,028,371 $ — The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, fair value of those investments classified as available-for-sale, and allowance for credit losses at December 31, 2022 are summarized as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2022 Amortized Gross Gross Fair Allowance for Cost Unrealized Gains Unrealized Losses Value Credit Losses Corporate bonds $ 200,735 $ 7 $ (7,109) $ 193,633 — U.S. Treasuries 1,154,879 111 (15,680) 1,139,310 — Total $ 1,355,614 $ 118 $ (22,789) $ 1,332,943 $ —
Schedule of fair value and gross unrealized losses on securities classified as available-for-sale	The following table summarizes the fair value and gross unrealized losses on securities classified as available-for-sale, and length of time that the individual securities have been in a continuous loss position as of March 31, 2023 (in thousands): March 31, 2023 Less than 12 months 12 months or greater Total Fair Value of Fair Value of Fair Value of Investments with Gross Unrealized Investments with Gross Unrealized Investments with Gross Unrealized Unrealized Losses Losses Unrealized Losses Losses Unrealized Losses Losses Corporate bonds $ 8,794 $ (226) $ 141,875 $ (5,730) $ 150,669 $ (5,956) U.S. Treasuries 24,884 (94) 307,587 (11,431) 332,471 (11,525) Total available-for-sale securities $ 33,678 $ (320) $ 449,462 $ (17,161) $ 483,140 $ (17,481)
Schedule of investments classified as equity securities	The cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of those investments classified as equity securities at March 31, 2023 are summarized as follows (in thousands): March 31, 2023 Gross Gross Fair Cost Unrealized Gains Unrealized Losses Value Fixed income mutual funds $ 70,257 $ $ (2,245) $ 68,012 Exchange traded mutual funds 76,000 (4,101) 71,899 Total $ 146,257 $ — $ (6,346) $ 139,911 The cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of those investments classified as equity securities at December 31, 2022 are summarized as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2022 Gross Gross Fair Cost Unrealized Gains Unrealized Losses Value Fixed income mutual funds $ 70,257 $ — $ (2,620) $ 67,637 Exchange traded mutual funds 75,999 — (8,800) 67,199 Total $ 146,256 $ — $ (11,420) $ 134,836
Schedule of the amortized cost and fair value of investments classified as available-for-sale, by contractual maturity	A summary of the amortized cost and fair value of investments classified as available-for-sale, by contractual maturity, as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was as follows (in thousands): March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Amortized Fair Amortized Fair Maturity: Cost Value Cost Value Less than 12 months $ 817,369 $ 810,898 $ 1,045,120 $ 1,039,333 12 months or greater 228,362 217,473 310,494 293,610 Total $ 1,045,731 $ 1,028,371 $ 1,355,614 $ 1,332,943
Summary of investments under the equity method	As of March 31, 2023 As of December 31, 2022 Formation Common Stock Carrying Common Stock Carrying Investee Date Ownership % Value Ownership % Value HyVia Q2 2021 50% $ 29,722 50% $ 11,281 AccionaPlug S.L. Q4 2021 50% 1,941 50% 2,225 SK Plug Hyverse Q1 2022 49% 26,719 49% 8,937 $ 58,382 $ 22,443

Operating and Finance Lease L_2

Operating and Finance Lease Liabilities (Tables)	3 Months Ended
Operating and Finance Lease Liabilities (Tables)	Mar. 31, 2023
Operating and Finance Lease Liabilities
Schedule of future minimum lease payments under operating leases	Future minimum lease payments under operating and finance leases (with initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year) as of March 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands): Finance Total Operating Lease Lease Lease Liability Liability Liabilities Remainder of 2023 $ 64,464 $ 8,712 $ 73,176 2024 85,832 11,476 97,308 2025 81,119 14,387 95,506 2026 71,088 11,529 82,617 2027 56,978 8,252 65,230 2028 and thereafter 102,913 1,330 104,243 Total future minimum payments 462,394 55,686 518,080 Less imputed interest (134,595) (7,660) (142,255) Total $ 327,799 $ 48,026 $ 375,825
Schedule of operating leases other information	Three months ended Three months ended March 31, 2023 March 31, 2022 Cash payments (in thousands) $ 21,648 $ 13,547 Weighted average remaining lease term (years) 2.66 5.46 Weighted average discount rate 11.3% 10.9%

Finance Obligation (Tables)

Finance Obligation (Tables)	3 Months Ended
Finance Obligation (Tables)	Mar. 31, 2023
Finance Obligation
Schedule of future minimum payments under finance obligations	Future minimum payments under finance obligations notes above as of March 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands): Total Sale of future Sale/leaseback Finance revenue - debt financings Obligations Remainder of 2023 $ 70,471 $ 3,591 $ 74,062 2024 93,961 10,589 104,550 2025 88,705 1,686 90,391 2026 71,333 1,686 73,019 2027 54,831 1,686 56,517 2028 and thereafter 44,364 1,955 46,319 Total future minimum payments 423,665 21,193 444,858 Less imputed interest (98,767) (3,277) (102,044) Total $ 324,898 $ 17,916 $ 342,814

Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)

Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)	3 Months Ended
Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)	Mar. 31, 2023
Schedule of components and classification of stock-based compensation expense	The components and classification of stock-based compensation expense, excluding the Company’s matching contributions to the Plug Power Inc. 401(k) Savings & Retirement Plan and quarterly Board compensation, were as follows (in thousands): Three months ended March 31, 2023 March 31, 2022 Cost of sales $ 2,677 $ 1,798 Research and development 2,283 1,722 Selling, general and administrative 35,221 37,248 $ 40,181 $ 40,768
Nonvested Restricted Stock Shares Activity	A summary of restricted stock and restricted stock unit activity for the three months ended March 31, 2023 is as follows (in thousands except share amounts): Weighted Aggregate Average Grant Date Intrinsic Shares Fair Value Value Unvested restricted common stock and restricted stock units at December 31, 2022 6,276,376 $ 21.56 $ 77,639 Granted 94,550 15.44 — Vested (409,431) 32.97 — Forfeited (73,482) 22.70 — Unvested restricted common stock and restricted stock units at March 31, 2023 5,888,013 $ 20.65 $ 67,968
Service Stock Options Awards
Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Stock Options, Activity	Weighted Weighted Average Average Remaining Aggregate Exercise Contractual Intrinsic Shares Price Terms Value Options outstanding at December 31, 2022 $ 12,078,269 $ 14.34 $ 7.57 $ 42,835 Granted 94,550 15.44 Exercised (124,269) 5.43 Forfeited (89,017) 22.97 Options outstanding at March 31, 2023 $ 11,959,533 $ 14.38 $ 7.34 $ 38,278 Options exercisable at March 31, 2023 6,879,596 9.71 6.24 37,976 Options unvested at March 31, 2023 $ 5,079,937 $ 20.70 $ 8.83 $ 302
Performance Stock Option Awards
Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Stock Options, Activity	Weighted Weighted Average Average Remaining Aggregate Exercise Contractual Intrinsic Shares Price Terms Value Options outstanding at December 31, 2022 15,520,000 $ 26.87 5.81 $ — Options exercisable at December 31, 2022 1,391,000 26.92 5.73 — Options unvested at December 31, 2022 14,129,000 $ 26.86 5.82 $ — Options outstanding at March 31, 2023 15,520,000 $ 26.87 5.57 $ — Options exercisable at March 31, 2023 1,391,000 26.92 5.48 — Options unvested at March 31, 2023 14,129,000 $ 26.86 5.58 $ —

Accrued Expenses (Tables)

Accrued Expenses (Tables)	3 Months Ended
Accrued Expenses (Tables)	Mar. 31, 2023
Accrued Expenses
Schedule of Accrued Expenses	Accrued expenses at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consisted of (in thousands): March 31, December 31, 2023 2022 Accrued payroll and compensation related costs $ 19,887 $ 18,231 Accrual for capital expenditures 31,346 53,089 Accrued accounts payable 93,532 53,899 Accrued sales and other taxes 9,718 15,112 Accrued interest 2,271 421 Accrued other 11,000 15,678 Total $ 167,754 $ 156,430

Segment Reporting (Tables)

Segment Reporting (Tables)	3 Months Ended
Segment Reporting (Tables)	Mar. 31, 2023
Segment Reporting
Schedule of revenue from external customers and long-lived assets, by geographical areas	Revenues Long-Lived Assets as of Three Months Ended Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 March 31, 2022 March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 North America $ 161,807 $ 113,678 $ 1,382,681 $ 1,209,900 Europe 40,153 — 18,459 13,215 Asia 3,255 — — — Other 5,071 27,126 — — Total $ 210,286 $ 140,804 $ 1,401,140 $ 1,223,115

Acquisitions - Fair value of co

Acquisitions - Fair value of consideration (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 05, 2022	Jan. 14, 2022
Alloy Custom Products, LLC and WesMor Cryogenics, LLC
Cash	$ 30,700
Due to Cryogenic Industrial Solutions, LLC	500
Plug Power Inc. Common Stock	6,107
Total consideration	$ 37,307
Joule Processing LLC
Cash		$ 28,140
Contingent consideration		41,732
Total consideration		$ 69,872

Acquisitions - Allocation of Pu

Acquisitions - Allocation of Purchase Price (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 05, 2022	Jan. 14, 2022
Alloy Custom Products, LLC and WesMor Cryogenics, LLC
Preliminary allocation of the purchase price to the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired
Cash	$ 267
Accounts receivable	5,038
Inventory	11,120
Prepaid expenses and other assets	464
Property, plant and equipment	3,887
Right of use asset	1,538
Identifiable intangible assets	13,430
Lease liability	(1,562)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	(3,826)
Deferred revenue	(6,193)
Total net assets acquired, excluding goodwill	$ 24,163
Joule Processing LLC
Preliminary allocation of the purchase price to the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired
Current assets		$ 2,672
Property, plant and equipment		493
Right of use asset		182
Identifiable intangible assets		60,522
Lease liability		(374)
Current liabilities		(2,612)
Contract liability		(3,818)
Total net assets acquired, excluding goodwill		$ 57,065

Acquisitions - Goodwill (Detail

Acquisitions - Goodwill (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 05, 2022	Jan. 14, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Total goodwill recognized			$ 249,871	$ 248,607
Alloy Custom Products, LLC and WesMor Cryogenics, LLC
Consideration paid	$ 37,307
Consideration paid	30,700
Less: net assets acquired	(24,163)
Total goodwill recognized	$ 13,144
Joule Processing LLC
Consideration paid		$ 69,872
Consideration paid		28,140
Contingent consideration		41,732
Less: net assets acquired		(57,065)
Total goodwill recognized		$ (12,807)

Acquisitions - Narratives (Deta

Acquisitions - Narratives (Details) $ in Thousands			3 Months Ended
Acquisitions - Narratives (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 05, 2022 USD ($) subsidiary	Jan. 14, 2022 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration			$ 8,769	$ 2,461
Alloy Custom Products, LLC and WesMor Cryogenics, LLC
Business combination	$ 13,430
Alloy Custom Products, LLC and WesMor Cryogenics, LLC \| Customer Relationships
Business combination	$ 7,100
Estimated useful lives of acquired finite-lived intangible assets	15 years
Alloy Custom Products, LLC and WesMor Cryogenics, LLC \| Trade Names
Business combination	$ 6,200
Estimated useful lives of acquired finite-lived intangible assets	15 years
Alloy Custom Products, LLC and WesMor Cryogenics, LLC \| Noncompete Agreements
Business combination	$ 200
Estimated useful lives of acquired finite-lived intangible assets	5 years
Alloy Custom Products, LLC and WesMor Cryogenics, LLC \| Cyrogenic Industrial Solutions, LLC, Alloy Custom Products, LLC and WesMor Cryogenics, LLC [Member]
Number of subsidiaries \| subsidiary	2
Revenue			11,100
Joule Processing LLC
Earn-out payments		$ 130,000	41,700
Achievement of revenue targets		90,000
Achievement of cost targets		40,000
Business combination		60,522
Fair value of contingent consideration			59,900			$ 53,200
Change in fair value of contingent consideration			6,700
Revenue			$ 20,700	$ 1,400
Joule Processing LLC \| Developed Technology Rights
Business combination		$ 59,200
Estimated useful lives of acquired finite-lived intangible assets		15 years
Joule Processing LLC \| Trade Names
Business combination		$ 800
Estimated useful lives of acquired finite-lived intangible assets		4 years
Joule Processing LLC \| Noncompete Agreements
Business combination		$ 500
Estimated useful lives of acquired finite-lived intangible assets		6 years
Applied Cryo Technologies
Earn-out payments					$ 19,000

Extended Maintenance Contract_2

Extended Maintenance Contracts (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Accrual for loss contracts
Beginning balance	$ 81,066	$ 89,773
Provision for loss accrual	6,981	23,295
Releases to service cost of sales	(6,668)	(35,446)
Increase/(decrease) to loss accrual related to customer warrants	(92)	3,506
Foreign currency translation adjustment	25	(62)
Ending balance	$ 81,312	$ 81,066

Earnings Per Share - Dilutive P

Earnings Per Share - Dilutive Potential Common Shares (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2021	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2022	Aug. 24, 2022	May 31, 2020	May 29, 2020	May 18, 2020	Mar. 31, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017	Jul. 20, 2017	Apr. 30, 2017	Apr. 04, 2017
Earnings Per Share
Number of dilutive potential common stock		158,417,487	148,812,154
3.75% Convertible Senior Notes
Earnings Per Share
Principal amount		$ 197,278			$ 197,278		$ 212,500	$ 12,500	$ 200,000
Conversion of notes through common stock issuance		0
Interest rate (as a percent)		3.75%					3.75%	3.75%	3.75%
5.5% Convertible Senior Notes
Earnings Per Share
Principal amount	$ 200			$ 33,500						$ 100,000
Conversion of notes through common stock issuance	69,808			14,600,000
Repurchase amount							$ 66,300
Interest rate (as a percent)	5.50%			5.50%			5.50%			5.50%
2022 Amazon transaction agreement
Earnings Per Share
Shares of common stock that can be purchased from warrants issued (in shares)						16,000,000
Warrants issued with the Amazon, Inc transaction agreement
Earnings Per Share
Shares of common stock that can be purchased from warrants issued (in shares)													55,286,696	55,286,696
Number of warrants exercised (in shares)		27,600,000	24,704,450
Warrants issued with the Walmart Stores, Inc transaction agreement
Earnings Per Share
Shares of common stock that can be purchased from warrants issued (in shares)											55,286,696	55,286,696
Number of warrants exercised (in shares)		13,094,217	13,094,217		13,094,217
Stock options outstanding
Earnings Per Share
Number of dilutive potential common stock		27,479,533	24,185,000
Options granted		94,550	451,500
Restricted stock and restricted stock units outstanding
Earnings Per Share
Number of dilutive potential common stock		5,888,013	5,439,207
Options granted		94,550	802,500
Common stock warrants
Earnings Per Share
Number of dilutive potential common stock		85,879,175	80,017,181
Convertible senior notes
Earnings Per Share
Number of dilutive potential common stock		39,170,766	39,170,766

Inventory (Details)

Inventory (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Inventory
Raw materials and supplies - production locations	$ 550,315	$ 450,432
Raw materials and supplies - customer locations	21,765	18,860
Work-in-process	139,013	112,231
Finished goods	64,556	64,113
Inventory	775,649	645,636
Reserve for excess and obsolete inventory	$ 5,400	$ 5,400

Property, Plant and Equipment_2

Property, Plant and Equipment (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
Property, Plant and Equipment (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) Plant	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant, and equipment	$ 928,306		$ 767,909
Less: accumulated depreciation	(53,647)		(48,116)
Property, plant, and equipment, net	874,659		719,793
Capitalized interest	2,000	$ 4,300
Depreciation expense	$ 5,500	$ 2,600
Number of hydrogen production plant \| Plant	5
Land
Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant, and equipment	$ 1,772		1,772
Construction in progress
Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant, and equipment	697,456		575,141
Buildings and Leasehold Improvements
Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant, and equipment	40,548		21,363
Software, machinery, and equipment
Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant, and equipment	$ 188,530		$ 169,633

Intangible Assets and Goodwil_2

Intangible Assets and Goodwill - Gross Carrying Amount (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of acquired identifiable intangible assets
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 236,714	$ 235,742
Accumulated Amortization	(32,974)	(28,017)
Total	$ 203,740	$ 207,725
Acquired technology
Gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of acquired identifiable intangible assets
Weighted Average Amortization Period	14 years	14 years
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 104,389	$ 104,221
Accumulated Amortization	(14,746)	(12,754)
Total	$ 89,643	$ 91,467
Dry stack electrolyzer technology
Gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of acquired identifiable intangible assets
Weighted Average Amortization Period	10 years	10 years
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 29,000	$ 29,000
Accumulated Amortization	(3,142)	(2,417)
Total	$ 25,858	$ 26,583
Customer relationships, Non-compete agreements, Backlog & Trademark
Gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of acquired identifiable intangible assets
Weighted Average Amortization Period	12 years	13 years
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 103,325	$ 102,521
Accumulated Amortization	(15,086)	(12,846)
Total	$ 88,239	$ 89,675

Intangible Assets and Goodwil_3

Intangible Assets and Goodwill - Estimated Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Intangible Assets and Goodwill
Amortization of Intangible Assets	$ 4,959	$ 5,190
Estimated amortization expense
Remainder of 2023	14,347
2024	19,069
2025	18,294
2026	16,702
2027	16,694
2028 and thereafter	118,634
Total	$ 203,740

Intangible Assets and Goodwil_4

Intangible Assets and Goodwill - Carrying Amount of Goodwill (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, Beginning Balance	$ 248,607
Foreign currency translation adjustment	1,264
Goodwill, Ending Balance	$ 249,871

Long-Term Debt (Details)

Long-Term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2019
Long-Term Debt
Outstanding balance	$ 9,000
Carrying amount of debt	11,117
Unamortized debt discount	$ 2,100
Minimum
Long-Term Debt
Effective interest rate (as a percent)	2.20%
Maximum
Long-Term Debt
Effective interest rate (as a percent)	8.30%
Secured term loan facility \| Loan and security agreement
Long-Term Debt
Secured term loan amount		$ 100,000

Long-Term Debt - Principal Bala

Long-Term Debt - Principal Balance Due (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Principal payments of long term debt
December 31, 2023	$ 5,660
December 31, 2024	3,357
December 31, 2025	1,200
December 31, 2026	900
Total	$ 11,117

Convertible Senior Notes - Comp

Convertible Senior Notes - Components (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	May 31, 2020	May 29, 2020	May 18, 2020
Convertible Senior Notes
Unamortized debt discount	$ (2,100)
Net carrying amount	194,250	$ 193,919
3.75% Convertible Senior Notes
Convertible Senior Notes
Principal amount	197,278	197,278	$ 212,500	$ 12,500	$ 200,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(3,028)	(3,359)
Net carrying amount	$ 194,250	$ 193,919
Interest rate (as a percent)	3.75%		3.75%	3.75%	3.75%
Conversion of convertible senior notes to common stock	$ 0

Convertible Senior Notes - Expe

Convertible Senior Notes - Expenses and Interest (Details) - 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest expense	$ 1,849	$ 1,849
Amortization of debt issuance costs	331	316
Total	$ 2,180	$ 2,165
Effective interest rate (as a percent)	4.50%	4.50%

Convertible Senior Notes - Capp

Convertible Senior Notes - Capped Call and Common Stock Forward (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
	May 18, 2020	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Jan. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	May 31, 2020	May 29, 2020	Mar. 31, 2018
Common Stock Forward
Capped Call and Common Stock Forward
Net cost incurred		$ 27,500
Number of shares settled		0	0
3.75% Convertible Senior Notes
Capped Call and Common Stock Forward
Interest rate (as a percent)	3.75%	3.75%					3.75%	3.75%
Principal amount	$ 200,000	$ 197,278		$ 197,278			$ 212,500	$ 12,500
Closing stock price on grant date		$ 11.72
Convertible senior notes		$ 433,600
3.75% Convertible Senior Notes \| Capped Call
Capped Call and Common Stock Forward
Capped call options amount	$ 16,200
Cap price	$ 6.7560
Premium (as a percent)	60%
Closing stock price on grant date	$ 4.11
5.5% Convertible Senior Notes
Capped Call and Common Stock Forward
Interest rate (as a percent)					5.50%	5.50%	5.50%		5.50%
Principal amount					$ 200	$ 33,500			$ 100,000
5.5% Convertible Senior Notes \| Common Stock Forward
Capped Call and Common Stock Forward
Common stock shares issued		14,397,906

Stockholders' Equity - Common S

Stockholders' Equity - Common Stock and Warrants (Details)	Aug. 24, 2022 shares
2022 Amazon transaction agreement
Stockholders' equity
Shares of common stock that can be purchased from warrants issued (in shares)	16,000,000

Stockholders' Equity - Accumula

Stockholders' Equity - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Accumulated other comprehensive income
Balance	$ 4,060,214	$ 4,605,696
Balance	3,921,650	4,476,232
AOCI attributable to parent
Accumulated other comprehensive income
Balance	(26,004)	(1,532)
Net current-period other comprehensive loss	6,970	(16,930)
Balance	(19,034)	(18,462)
Gains and Losses on Available-For-Sale Securities
Accumulated other comprehensive income
Balance	(749)	(150)
Balance	(749)	(150)
Unrealized Gains and Losses on Available-For-Sale Securities
Accumulated other comprehensive income
Balance	(19,472)	(67)
Net current-period other comprehensive loss	5,311	(15,080)
Balance	(14,161)	(15,147)
Foreign Currency Items
Accumulated other comprehensive income
Balance	(5,783)	(1,315)
Net current-period other comprehensive loss	1,659	(1,850)
Balance	$ (4,124)	$ (3,165)

Warrant Transaction Agreement_2

Warrant Transaction Agreements - Amazon.com, Inc. Transaction Agreement (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Aug. 24, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares D shares	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2021 shares	Apr. 30, 2017 shares	Apr. 04, 2017 shares
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Minimum percentage of warrants vested and exercisable automatically		60%
Par value, common stock \| $ / shares		$ 0.01		$ 0.01
Selling, general and administrative \| $		$ 104,016	$ 80,890
Provision for Loss Contracts Related to Service \| $		$ 221	$ (7,297)
Warrants issued with the Amazon, Inc transaction agreement
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Shares of common stock that can be purchased from warrants issued (in shares)						55,286,696	55,286,696
Number of warrants exercised (in shares)		27,600,000	24,704,450
Warrant shares vested (in shares)					55,286,696
Warrants issued with the Amazon, Inc transaction agreement \| Amazon
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Number of warrants exercised (in shares)		27,600,000		24,704,450
Warrant Issued With Amazon
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Cash payments to be received under agreement \| $	$ 2,100,000
Warrant percentage weighted average share price	90%
Warrant Issued With Amazon \| Vesting of First Warrants Shares
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Number of warrants exercisable	9,000,000
Warrant shares vested (in shares)	9,000,000
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 22.9841
Fair value of warrants per share \| $ / shares	$ 20.36
Warrant Issued With Amazon \| Vesting of Remaining Warrants Shares
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant shares vested (in shares)	7,000,000
Warrant Issued With Amazon \| Vest in multiple tranches
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Shares of common stock that can be purchased from warrants issued (in shares)	15,000,000
Vesting period	7 years
Warrant shares vested (in shares)	15,000,000
2022 Amazon transaction agreement
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Shares of common stock that can be purchased from warrants issued (in shares)	16,000,000
Reduction in revenue \| $		$ 1,100
Warrant shares vested (in shares)		1,000,000
Class Of Warrant Or Right Exercisable on Vesting Threshold Trading Days \| D	30
Warrant charge capitalized \| $		$ 20,400
2022 Amazon transaction agreement \| Vest immediately upon issuance
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant shares vested (in shares)	1,000,000
2022 Amazon transaction agreement \| Tranches 1-3 \| Risk free interest rate
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding measurement input	0.0315
2022 Amazon transaction agreement \| Tranches 1-3 \| Volatility
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding measurement input	0.7500
2022 Amazon transaction agreement \| Tranches 1-3 \| Expected average term
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Expected average term	7 years
2022 Amazon transaction agreement \| Tranches 1-3 \| Exercise price
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding measurement input \| $ / shares	22.98
2022 Amazon transaction agreement \| Tranches 1-3 \| Stock price
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding measurement input \| $ / shares	20.36
2022 Amazon transaction agreement \| Tranche 4 \| Risk free interest rate
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding measurement input		0.0350
2022 Amazon transaction agreement \| Tranche 4 \| Volatility
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding measurement input		0.7500
2022 Amazon transaction agreement \| Tranche 4 \| Expected average term
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Expected average term		4 years
2022 Amazon transaction agreement \| Tranche 4 \| Exercise price
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding measurement input \| $ / shares		10.55
2022 Amazon transaction agreement \| Tranche 4 \| Stock price
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants and rights outstanding measurement input \| $ / shares		11.72

Warrant Transaction Agreement_3

Warrant Transaction Agreements - Walmart Stores, Inc. Transaction Agreement (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2022 shares	Jul. 31, 2017 shares	Jul. 20, 2017 shares
Warrants issued with the Walmart Stores, Inc transaction agreement
Warrant Transaction Agreements
Shares of common stock that can be purchased from warrants issued (in shares)				55,286,696	55,286,696
Reduction in revenue \| $	$ 12.9	$ 1.7
Warrant shares vested (in shares)	27,643,347		27,643,347
Number of warrants exercised (in shares)	13,094,217	13,094,217	13,094,217
Walmart \| Warrants issued with the Walmart Stores, Inc transaction agreement
Warrant Transaction Agreements
Number of warrants exercised (in shares)	0	0
Walmart \| Tranche one of warrants issued with the Walmart Stores Inc transaction agreement \| Risk free interest rate
Warrant Transaction Agreements
Warrants and rights outstanding measurement input	0.0355
Walmart \| Tranche one of warrants issued with the Walmart Stores Inc transaction agreement \| Volatility
Warrant Transaction Agreements
Warrants and rights outstanding measurement input	0.7500
Walmart \| Tranche one of warrants issued with the Walmart Stores Inc transaction agreement \| Expected average term
Warrant Transaction Agreements
Expected average term	3 years 6 months
Warrants and rights outstanding measurement input	3.5
Walmart \| Tranche one of warrants issued with the Walmart Stores Inc transaction agreement \| Exercise price
Warrant Transaction Agreements
Warrants and rights outstanding measurement input \| $ / shares	10.55
Walmart \| Tranche one of warrants issued with the Walmart Stores Inc transaction agreement \| Stock price
Warrant Transaction Agreements
Warrants and rights outstanding measurement input \| $ / shares	11.72

Revenue - Disaggregation of Rev

Revenue - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Revenue
Net revenue	$ 210,286	$ 140,804
Sales of fuel cell systems
Revenue
Net revenue	28,852	37,528
Sale of hydrogen infrastructure
Revenue
Net revenue	48,868	27,089
Sale of electrolyzers
Revenue
Net revenue	40,032	4,059
Sales of engineered equipment
Revenue
Net revenue	7,753	21,968
Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure
Revenue
Net revenue	9,097	8,240
Power purchase agreements
Revenue
Net revenue	7,937	10,037
Fuel delivered to customers and related equipment
Revenue
Net revenue	10,142	13,429
Sales of cryogenic equipment and other
Revenue
Net revenue	56,589	18,203
Other
Revenue
Net revenue	$ 1,016	$ 251

Revenue - Contract balances (De

Revenue - Contract balances (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue
Accounts receivable	$ 127,720	$ 129,450
Contract assets	124,430	104,287
Deferred revenue and contract liabilities	$ 220,150	$ 229,898

Revenue - Changes in contract a

Revenue - Changes in contract assets and contract liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Contract assets
Net change in contract assets	$ (14,677)	$ 44
Contract liabilities
Increases due to cash received, net of amounts recognized as revenue during the period	80,740		$ 200,347
Contract liabilities assumed as part of acquisition			10,011
Revenue recognized that was included in the contract liability balance as of the beginning of the period	(90,488)		(163,550)
Net change in deferred revenue and contract liabilities	(9,748)		46,808
Sales of fuel cell systems
Contract assets
Transferred to receivables from contract assets recognized at the beginning of the period	(19,709)		(33,394)
Contract assets related to warrants	5,577		26,455
Revenue recognized and not billed as of the end of the period	34,275		72,469
Net change in contract assets	$ 20,143		$ 65,530

Revenue - Estimated future reve

Revenue - Estimated future revenue (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
Revenue - Estimated future revenue (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Revenue
Total estimated future revenue	$ 1,094,374
Sales of fuel cell systems
Revenue
Total estimated future revenue	53,578
Sale of hydrogen installations and other infrastructure
Revenue
Total estimated future revenue	21,807
Sale of electrolyzers
Revenue
Total estimated future revenue	281,720
Sales of engineered equipment
Revenue
Total estimated future revenue	16,628
Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure
Revenue
Total estimated future revenue	121,418
Power purchase agreements
Revenue
Total estimated future revenue	385,096
Fuel delivered to customers and related equipment
Revenue
Total estimated future revenue	92,470
Sales of cryogenic equipment and other
Revenue
Total estimated future revenue	$ 121,657
Maximum \| Sales of fuel cell systems
Revenue
Duration of estimated revenue expected to be recognized in future (in years)	1 year
Maximum \| Sale of hydrogen installations and other infrastructure
Revenue
Duration of estimated revenue expected to be recognized in future (in years)	1 year
Maximum \| Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure
Revenue
Duration of estimated revenue expected to be recognized in future (in years)	10 years
Maximum \| Power purchase agreements
Revenue
Duration of estimated revenue expected to be recognized in future (in years)	10 years
Minimum \| Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure
Revenue
Duration of estimated revenue expected to be recognized in future (in years)	5 years
Minimum \| Power purchase agreements
Revenue
Duration of estimated revenue expected to be recognized in future (in years)	5 years

Revenue - Contract costs (Detai

Revenue - Contract costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue
Capitalized contract costs	$ 0.6	$ 0.6

Income Taxes (Details)

Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Income Taxes
Income tax benefit	$ (1,270)	$ (414)

Fair Value Measurements - Narra

Fair Value Measurements - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
Fair Value Measurements - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Fair Value Measurements
Transfers between Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3	$ 0
Payments to acquire equity method investments	$ 40.1

Fair Value Measurements - Asset

Fair Value Measurements - Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
	Jan. 14, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Fair Value
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		$ 8,769	$ 2,461
Recurring basis \| Level 1 \| Cash and cash equivalents
Fair Value
Assets, Fair Value		208,358			$ 212,577
Recurring basis \| Level 1 \| U.S. Treasuries
Fair Value
Assets, Fair Value		864,508			1,139,310
Recurring basis \| Level 1 \| Equity securities
Fair Value
Assets, Fair Value		139,911			134,836
Recurring basis \| Level 2 \| Corporate bonds
Fair Value
Assets, Fair Value		163,863			193,633
Recurring basis \| Level 3 \| Contingent consideration
Fair Value
Liabilities, Fair value		123,473			116,165
Applied Cryo Technologies
Fair Value
Contingent consideration				$ 19,000
Joule Processing LLC
Fair Value
Contingent consideration	$ 130,000	41,700
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		6,700
Consideration paid	$ 69,872
Carrying value \| Recurring basis \| Contingent consideration
Fair Value
Liabilities, Fair value		123,473			116,165
Carrying value \| Recurring basis \| Cash and cash equivalents
Fair Value
Assets, Fair Value		208,358			212,577
Carrying value \| Recurring basis \| Corporate bonds
Fair Value
Assets, Fair Value		163,863			193,633
Carrying value \| Recurring basis \| U.S. Treasuries
Fair Value
Assets, Fair Value		864,508			1,139,310
Carrying value \| Recurring basis \| Equity securities
Fair Value
Assets, Fair Value		139,911			134,836
Fair value \| Recurring basis \| Contingent consideration
Fair Value
Liabilities, Fair value		123,473			116,165
Fair value \| Recurring basis \| Cash and cash equivalents
Fair Value
Assets, Fair Value		208,358			212,577
Fair value \| Recurring basis \| Corporate bonds
Fair Value
Assets, Fair Value		163,863			193,633
Fair value \| Recurring basis \| U.S. Treasuries
Fair Value
Assets, Fair Value		864,508			1,139,310
Fair value \| Recurring basis \| Equity securities
Fair Value
Assets, Fair Value		139,911			134,836
Fair value \| Giner ELX, Inc \| Contingent consideration
Fair Value
Liabilities, Fair value		13,300			14,500
Contingent consideration							$ 16,000
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		(1,300)
Fair value \| United Hydrogen Group Inc \| Contingent consideration
Fair Value
Liabilities, Fair value		1,600			1,500
Contingent consideration							$ 1,100
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		100
Fair value \| Applied Cryo Technologies \| Contingent consideration
Fair Value
Liabilities, Fair value		19,000			15,900
Contingent consideration						$ 14,000
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		3,100
Fair value \| Frames Holding B.V. \| Contingent consideration
Fair Value
Liabilities, Fair value		29,700			$ 31,000
Contingent consideration						$ 29,100
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		1,300
Fair value \| Joule Processing LLC \| Recurring basis \| Contingent consideration
Fair Value
Liabilities, Fair value		59,900
Fair value \| 2020 and 2021 acquisitions \| Recurring basis \| Contingent consideration
Fair Value
Liabilities, Fair value		$ 63,600

Fair Value Measurements - Ass_2

Fair Value Measurements - Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on recurring basis that have unobservable inputs (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Recurring basis \| Level 3 \| Scenario based method \| Credit spread \| Business Combination, One \| Minimum
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Contingent Consideration, measurement input		15.73
Recurring basis \| Level 3 \| Scenario based method \| Credit spread \| Business Combination, One \| Maximum
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Contingent Consideration, measurement input		15.74
Recurring basis \| Level 3 \| Scenario based method \| Discount rate \| Business Combination, One \| Minimum
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Contingent Consideration, measurement input		19.85
Recurring basis \| Level 3 \| Scenario based method \| Discount rate \| Business Combination, One \| Maximum
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Contingent Consideration, measurement input		20.68
Recurring basis \| Level 3 \| Monte carlo simulation \| Credit spread \| Business Combination, Two
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Contingent Consideration, measurement input		15.74
Recurring basis \| Level 3 \| Monte carlo simulation \| Credit spread \| Business Combination, Three
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Contingent Consideration, measurement input		15.73
Recurring basis \| Level 3 \| Monte carlo simulation \| Discount rate \| Business Combination, Two \| Minimum
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Contingent Consideration, measurement input		20
Recurring basis \| Level 3 \| Monte carlo simulation \| Discount rate \| Business Combination, Two \| Maximum
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Contingent Consideration, measurement input		20.30
Recurring basis \| Level 3 \| Monte carlo simulation \| Revenue volatility \| Business Combination, Two
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Contingent Consideration, measurement input		45.29
Recurring basis \| Level 3 \| Monte carlo simulation \| Revenue volatility \| Business Combination, Three \| Minimum
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Contingent Consideration, measurement input		23.1
Recurring basis \| Level 3 \| Monte carlo simulation \| Revenue volatility \| Business Combination, Three \| Maximum
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Contingent Consideration, measurement input		35.7
Recurring basis \| Level 3 \| Monte carlo simulation \| Revenue volatility \| Business Combination, Three \| Weighted Average
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Contingent Consideration, measurement input		(35)
Recurring basis \| Level 3 \| Monte carlo simulation \| Gross profit volatility \| Business Combination, Three \| Minimum
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Contingent Consideration, measurement input		23.2
Recurring basis \| Level 3 \| Monte carlo simulation \| Gross profit volatility \| Business Combination, Three \| Maximum
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Contingent Consideration, measurement input		106.7
Recurring basis \| Level 3 \| Monte carlo simulation \| Gross profit volatility \| Business Combination, Three \| Weighted Average
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Contingent Consideration, measurement input		(60)
Fair value \| Giner ELX, Inc \| Contingent consideration
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Contingent consideration			$ 16,000
Fair value \| United Hydrogen Group Inc \| Contingent consideration
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Contingent consideration			$ 1,100
Fair value \| Recurring basis \| Level 3
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Contingent Consideration	$ 123,473	$ 116,165
Fair value \| Recurring basis \| Level 3 \| Scenario based method \| Business Combination, One
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Contingent Consideration	87,049	85,269
Fair value \| Recurring basis \| Level 3 \| Monte carlo simulation \| Business Combination, Two
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Contingent Consideration	11,880	11,310
Fair value \| Recurring basis \| Level 3 \| Monte carlo simulation \| Business Combination, Three
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Contingent Consideration	$ 24,544	$ 19,586

Fair Value Measurements - Level

Fair Value Measurements - Level 3 Instruments Reconciliation (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Reconciliations of the beginning and ending balances for liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (i.e. Level 3)
Balance at the beginning of the period	$ 116,165
Payments	(2,000)
Fair value adjustments	$ 8,769
Fair Value, Liability, Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Business Combination, Contingent Consideration Arrangements, Change in Amount of Contingent Consideration, Liability
Foreign currency translation adjustment	$ 539
Fair Value, Liability, Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Liability, Gain (Loss), Statement of Other Comprehensive Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Foreign Currency Transaction and Translation Adjustment, Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent
Balance at the end of the period	$ 123,473

Investments - Available-for-sal

Investments - Available-for-sale securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost	$ 1,045,731	$ 1,355,614
Gross Unrealized Gains	121	118
Gross Unrealized Losses	(17,481)	(22,789)
Fair Value	1,028,371	1,332,943
Corporate bonds
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost	169,804	200,735
Gross Unrealized Gains	15	7
Gross Unrealized Losses	(5,956)	(7,109)
Fair Value	163,863	193,633
U.S. Treasuries
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost	875,927	1,154,879
Gross Unrealized Gains	106	111
Gross Unrealized Losses	(11,525)	(15,680)
Fair Value	$ 864,508	$ 1,139,310

Investments - Available-for-s_2

Investments - Available-for-sale securities, Unrealized Loss (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position [Line Items]
Fair Value of Investments with Unrealized Losses, Less than 12 months	$ 33,678
Gross Unrealized Losses, Less than 12 months	(320)
Fair Value of Investments with Unrealized Losses,12 months or greater	449,462
Gross Unrealized Losses, 12 months or greater	(17,161)
Fair Value of Investments with Unrealized Losses	483,140
Gross Unrealized Losses	(17,481)
Corporate bonds
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position [Line Items]
Fair Value of Investments with Unrealized Losses, Less than 12 months	8,794
Gross Unrealized Losses, Less than 12 months	(226)
Fair Value of Investments with Unrealized Losses,12 months or greater	141,875
Gross Unrealized Losses, 12 months or greater	(5,730)
Fair Value of Investments with Unrealized Losses	150,669
Gross Unrealized Losses	(5,956)
U.S. Treasuries
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position [Line Items]
Fair Value of Investments with Unrealized Losses, Less than 12 months	24,884
Gross Unrealized Losses, Less than 12 months	(94)
Fair Value of Investments with Unrealized Losses,12 months or greater	307,587
Gross Unrealized Losses, 12 months or greater	(11,431)
Fair Value of Investments with Unrealized Losses	332,471
Gross Unrealized Losses	$ (11,525)

Investments - Equity Securities

Investments - Equity Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt and Equity Securities, FV-NI [Line Items]
Cost	$ 146,257	$ 146,256
Gross Unrealized Losses	(6,346)	(11,420)
Fair Value	139,911	134,836
Fixed income mutual funds
Debt and Equity Securities, FV-NI [Line Items]
Cost	70,257	70,257
Gross Unrealized Losses	(2,245)	(2,620)
Fair Value	68,012	67,637
Exchange traded mutual funds
Debt and Equity Securities, FV-NI [Line Items]
Cost	76,000	75,999
Gross Unrealized Losses	(4,101)	(8,800)
Fair Value	$ 71,899	$ 67,199

Investments - Contractual Matur

Investments - Contractual Maturity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Amortized Cost
Less than 12 months	$ 817,369	$ 1,045,120
12 months or greater	228,362	310,494
Amortized Cost	1,045,731	1,355,614
Fair Value
Less than 12 months	810,898	1,039,333
12 months or greater	217,473	293,610
Fair Value	1,028,371	1,332,943
Accrued interest income	$ 2,400	$ 3,000

Investments - Equity Method Inv

Investments - Equity Method Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Carrying Value	$ 58,382	$ 22,443
HyVia SAS
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Common Stock Ownership %	50%	50%
Carrying Value	$ 29,722	$ 11,281
AccionaPlug S.L.
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Common Stock Ownership %	50%	50%
Carrying Value	$ 1,941	$ 2,225
SK Plug Hyverse Co. Ltd.
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Common Stock Ownership %	49%	49%
Carrying Value	$ 26,719	$ 8,937

Operating and Finance Lease L_3

Operating and Finance Lease Liabilities - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Lessee, Lease, Description
Rental expense for all operating lease	$ 21.9	$ 14
Right of use assets, finance lease	62.4		$ 58.4
Amortization of right-of-use asset from finance lease	5.7		4.7
Prepaid rent and security deposit	6		$ 5.8
Finance lease, right-of-use asset, amortization and interest expense	$ 1.1	$ 0.8
Minimum
Lessee, Lease, Description
Lease Term - as Lessee	1 year
Maximum
Lessee, Lease, Description
Lease Term - as Lessee	9 years

Operating and Finance Lease L_4

Operating and Finance Lease Liabilities - Future minimum lease payments under operating and finance leases (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Future minimum lease payments under operating lease
Remainder of 2023	$ 64,464
2024	85,832
2025	81,119
2026	71,088
2027	56,978
2028 and thereafter	102,913
Total future minimum lease payments	462,394
Less imputed interest	(134,595)
Total operating lease, liabilities	327,799
Future minimum lease payments under finance leases
Remainder of 2023	8,712
2024	11,476
2025	14,387
2026	11,529
2027	8,252
2028 and thereafter	1,330
Total future minimum lease payments	55,686
Less imputed interest	(7,660)
Total finance lease liabilities	48,026
Future minimum lease payments under operating and finance leases
Remainder of 2023	73,176
2024	97,308
2025	95,506
2026	82,617
2027	65,230
2028 and thereafter	104,243
Total future minimum payments	518,080
Less imputed interest	(142,255)
Total	$ 375,825

Operating and Finance Lease L_5

Operating and Finance Lease Liabilities - Other information related to the operating leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Other information of operating leases
Cash payments	$ 21,648	$ 13,547
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)	2 years 7 months 28 days	5 years 5 months 15 days
Weighted average discount rate (as a percent)	11.30%	10.90%

Finance Obligation - Narrative

Finance Obligation - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Finance Obligation
Finance obligation under sale-leaseback transaction	$ 342,814
Current portion of finance obligation in sale-leaseback transaction	63,370	$ 58,925
Noncurrent portion of finance obligation in sale-leaseback transaction	279,444	270,315
Sale of Future revenue - debt
Finance Obligation
Finance obligation under sale-leaseback transaction	324,898	312,100
Current portion of finance obligation in sale-leaseback transaction	59,900	55,400
Noncurrent portion of finance obligation in sale-leaseback transaction	265,000	256,600
Interest on lease liabilities, finance lease	9,200	6,700
Sale/leaseback financings
Finance Obligation
Finance obligation under sale-leaseback transaction	17,916	17,200
Current portion of finance obligation in sale-leaseback transaction	3,500	3,500
Noncurrent portion of finance obligation in sale-leaseback transaction	$ 14,400	$ 13,700

Finance Obligation - Future min

Finance Obligation - Future minimum payments under finance obligations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Future minimum payments under finance obligations
Remainder of 2023	$ 74,062
2024	104,550
2025	90,391
2026	73,019
2027	56,517
2028 and thereafter	46,319
Total future minimum payments	444,858
Less imputed interest	(102,044)
Total	342,814
Sale of Future revenue - debt
Future minimum payments under finance obligations
Remainder of 2023	70,471
2024	93,961
2025	88,705
2026	71,333
2027	54,831
2028 and thereafter	44,364
Total future minimum payments	423,665
Less imputed interest	(98,767)
Total	324,898	$ 312,100
Sale/leaseback financings
Future minimum payments under finance obligations
Remainder of 2023	3,591
2024	10,589
2025	1,686
2026	1,686
2027	1,686
2028 and thereafter	1,955
Total future minimum payments	21,193
Less imputed interest	(3,277)
Total	$ 17,916	$ 17,200

Commitments and Contingencies -

Commitments and Contingencies - Concentrations of Credit Risk (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) customer	Mar. 31, 2022 customer	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) customer	Aug. 09, 2022 item
Customer Concentration
Federal depository insurance coverage	$ 0.3
Restricted cash	445.2		$ 383.7
Letter of credit	363.2		379.6
Letters of credit on sale/leaseback agreements	340.5		354
Customs related letters of credit	22.7		25.6
Construction escrow	75.5		75.5
Number of senior officers against law suits filed \| item				2
Applied Cryo Technologies
Customer Concentration
Consideration held by paying agent.	5
Joule acquisitions
Customer Concentration
Consideration held by paying agent.	1.2
Collateral Related to Acquisitions
Customer Concentration
Consideration held by paying agent.	1.8
Collateral Related to Acquisitions \| Frames Holding B.V.
Customer Concentration
Restricted cash as collateral	$ 6.5		$ 10.8
Accounts receivable \| Customer concentration \| One customers
Customer Concentration
Number of customers \| customer	1		1
Concentration risk (as a percent)	10%		24.90%
Revenues \| Customer concentration \| Three customers
Customer Concentration
Number of customers \| customer	2
Concentration risk (as a percent)	25.50%
Revenues \| Customer concentration \| Five customers
Customer Concentration
Number of customers \| customer		5
Concentration risk (as a percent)		67%

Employee Benefit Plans - Assump

Employee Benefit Plans - Assumptions For Estimating Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Service Stock Options Awards
Employee Benefit Plans
Compensation cost	$ 8,200	$ 5,900
Performance Stock Option Awards
Employee Benefit Plans
Compensation cost	17,400	25,100
Stock Incentive Plan 2011 And 2021
Employee Benefit Plans
Compensation cost	40,181	40,768
Company's matching contributions	3,000
Cost of sales \| Stock Incentive Plan 2011 And 2021
Employee Benefit Plans
Compensation cost	2,677	1,798
Research and development \| Stock Incentive Plan 2011 And 2021
Employee Benefit Plans
Compensation cost	2,283	1,722
Selling, general and administrative \| Stock Incentive Plan 2011 And 2021
Employee Benefit Plans
Compensation cost	$ 35,221	$ 37,248

Employee Benefit Plans - Stock

Employee Benefit Plans - Stock Activity, Weighted Average Exercise Price (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Service Stock Options Awards
Shares
Options outstanding, beginning balance (in shares)	12,078,269
Granted (in shares)	94,550
Exercised (in shares)	(124,269)
Forfeited (in shares)	(89,017)
Options outstanding, end balance (in shares)	11,959,533			12,078,269
Options exercisable, ending balance (in shares)	6,879,596
Options unvested, ending balance (in shares)	5,079,937
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Options outstanding, beginning balance, weighted-average exercise price	$ 14.34
Granted, weighted-average exercise price	15.44
Exercised, weighted-average exercise price	5.43
Forfeited, weighted-average exercise price	22.97
Options outstanding, ending balance, weighted-average exercise price	14.38			$ 14.34
Options exercisable, ending balance, weighted-average exercise price	9.71
Options unvested, ending balance, weighted-average exercise price	$ 20.70
Stock option activity additional disclosures
Options outstanding, weighted-average remaining contractual term	7 years 4 months 2 days			7 years 6 months 25 days
Options exercisable, weighted-average remaining contractual term	6 years 2 months 26 days
Options unvested, weighted-average remaining contractual term	8 years 9 months 29 days
Options outstanding, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 38,278			$ 42,835
Options exercisable, aggregate intrinsic value	37,976
Options unvested, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 302
Weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted (per share)	$ 10.48		$ 15.34
Fair value of stock options that vested during the period		$ 7,500	$ 5,600
Granted (in shares)	94,550
Exercised (in shares)	124,269
Compensation cost	$ 8,200		5,900
Unrecognized compensation cost	$ 51,400		47,000
Period for recognition	1 year 11 months 8 days
Intrinsic fair value of options exercised	$ 1,300		$ 1,100
Performance Stock Option Awards
Shares
Options outstanding, beginning balance (in shares)	15,520,000
Options exercisable, beginning balance (in shares)	1,391,000
Options unvested, beginning balance (in shares)	14,129,000
Granted (in shares)	0		0
Exercised (in shares)	0		0
Options outstanding, end balance (in shares)	15,520,000			15,520,000
Options exercisable, ending balance (in shares)	1,391,000			1,391,000
Options unvested, ending balance (in shares)	14,129,000			14,129,000
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Options outstanding, beginning balance, weighted-average exercise price	$ 26.87
Options exercisable, beginning balance, weighted-average exercise price	26.92
Options unvested, beginning balance, weighted-average exercise price	26.86
Options outstanding, ending balance, weighted-average exercise price	26.87			$ 26.87
Options exercisable, ending balance, weighted-average exercise price	26.92			26.92
Options unvested, ending balance, weighted-average exercise price	$ 26.86			$ 26.86
Stock option activity additional disclosures
Options outstanding, weighted-average remaining contractual term	5 years 6 months 25 days			5 years 9 months 21 days
Options exercisable, weighted-average remaining contractual term	5 years 5 months 23 days			5 years 8 months 23 days
Options unvested, weighted-average remaining contractual term	5 years 6 months 29 days			5 years 9 months 25 days
Options unvested, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 0
Option expected to vest (in shares)	2,782,000
Unvested stock options expected to vest period for calculation of weighted- average exercise price	5 years 5 months 23 days
Granted (in shares)	0		0
Exercised (in shares)	0		0
Vested (in shares)	0		0
Compensation cost	$ 17,400		$ 25,100
Unrecognized compensation cost	$ 53,100
Period for recognition	1 year 7 months 17 days

Employee Benefit Plans - Restri

Employee Benefit Plans - Restricted Stock Activity (Details) - Restricted stock and restricted stock units outstanding - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Employee Benefit Plans
Compensation cost	$ 14,600	$ 9,800
Unrecognized compensation cost	$ 95,500	$ 83,700
Period for recognition	1 year 11 months 23 days	2 years 1 month 6 days
Fair value of restricted stock units vested	$ 13,500	$ 3,900
Shares
Unvested restricted stock, beginning balance (in shares)	6,276,376
Granted (in shares)	94,550
Vested (in shares)	(409,431)
Forfeited (in shares)	(73,482)
Unvested restricted stock, end balance (in shares)	5,888,013
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested restricted stock, beginning balance, weighted average grant date fair value	$ 21.56
Granted, weighted average grant date fair value	15.44	$ 23.86
Vested, weighted average grant date fair value	32.97
Forfeited, weighted average grant date fair value	22.70
Unvested restricted stock, end balance, weighted average grant date fair value	$ 20.65
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Unvested restricted stock, beginning balance, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 77,639
Unvested restricted stock, end balance, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 67,968

Employee Benefit Plans - 401(K)

Employee Benefit Plans - 401(K) Saving And Retirement Plan (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Non Employee Director
Non-Employee Benefit Plan Compensation
Granted (in shares)	10,316	3,290
Compensation cost	$ 0.1	$ 0.1
Savings And Retirement Plan 401 K
401(K) Savings & Retirement Plan
Common stock, shares issued	219,970	96,539
Total expense (including issuance of shares)	$ 3	$ 2.2

Accrued Expenses (Details)

Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Accrued Expenses
Accrued payroll and compensation related costs	$ 19,887	$ 18,231
Accrual for capital expenditures	31,346	53,089
Accrued accounts payable	93,532	53,899
Accrued sales and other taxes	9,718	15,112
Accrued interest	2,271	421
Accrued other	11,000	15,678
Total	$ 167,754	$ 156,430

Segment Reporting (Details)

Segment Reporting (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
Segment Reporting (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) segment	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 210,286	$ 140,804
Long-Lived Assets	$ 1,401,140		$ 1,223,115
Number of operating segments \| segment	1
Number of reportable segments \| segment	1
North America
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 161,807	113,678
Long-Lived Assets	1,382,681		1,209,900
Europe
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenues	40,153
Long-Lived Assets	18,459		$ 13,215
Asia
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenues	3,255
Other.
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 5,071	$ 27,126