Fair Value of Financial Instruments | Fair Value of Financial Instruments Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. For certain of the Company’s financial instruments, including certain cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, the carrying amounts approximate their fair values due to the relatively short maturity of these balances. The Company measures and reports certain cash equivalents, marketable securities, derivative foreign currency forward contracts at fair value in accordance with the provisions of the authoritative accounting guidance that addresses fair value measurements. This guidance establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the reliability of inputs as follows: Level 1 - Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 - Valuations based on other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, including quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in less active or inactive markets, quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 - Valuations based on inputs that are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The Company's financial instruments consist of assets and liabilities measured using Level 1 and 2 inputs. Level 1 assets include a highly liquid money market fund, which is valued using unadjusted quoted prices that are available in an active market for an identical asset. Level 2 assets include fixed-income U.S. Treasury and government agency securities, commercial paper, corporate bonds, asset-backed securities and derivative financial instruments consisting of foreign currency forward contracts. The securities, bonds and commercial paper are valued using prices from independent pricing services based on quoted prices of identical instruments in less active or inactive markets, quoted prices of similar instruments in active markets, or industry models using data inputs such as interest rates and prices that can be directly observed or corroborated in active markets. The foreign currency forward contracts are valued using observable inputs, such as quotations on forward foreign exchange points and foreign interest rates. The following table sets forth by level within the fair value hierarchy the fair value of the Company's financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis: September 30, 2024 Level 1 Level 2 Fair Value (in thousands) Money market funds $ 2,172 $ — $ 2,172 Commercial paper — 14,383 14,383 U.S. Treasury and government agencies — 231,248 231,248 Corporate bonds — 121,371 121,371 Asset-backed securities — 8,838 8,838 Foreign currency forward contracts — 19 19 Total assets $ 2,172 $ 375,859 $ 378,031 Foreign currency forward contracts $ — $ 2,569 $ 2,569 Total liabilities $ — $ 2,569 $ 2,569 December 31, 2023 Level 1 Level 2 Fair Value (in thousands) Money market funds $ 87 $ — $ 87 Commercial paper — 54,279 54,279 U.S. Treasury and government agencies — 208,536 208,536 Corporate bonds — 56,465 56,465 Asset-backed securities — 13,881 13,881 Foreign currency forward contracts — 111 111 Total assets $ 87 $ 333,272 $ 333,359 Foreign currency forward contracts $ — $ 1,986 $ 1,986 Total liabilities $ — $ 1,986 $ 1,986 There were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 categories during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. Cash equivalent and investments The Company's cash equivalents and marketable securities consist of the following: September 30, 2024 Amortized Cost Unrealized Gains Unrealized Losses Fair Value (in thousands) Cash equivalents: (1) Money market funds $ 2,172 $ — $ — $ 2,172 Commercial paper 1,000 — — 1,000 U.S. Treasury and government agencies 37,247 1 (1) 37,247 Total 40,419 1 (1) 40,419 Short-term marketable securities: Commercial paper 13,376 8 (1) 13,383 Corporate bonds 38,697 148 (9) 38,836 U.S. Treasury and government agencies 98,450 252 (8) 98,694 Total 150,523 408 (18) 150,913 Long-term marketable securities: Corporate bonds 81,514 1,026 (5) 82,535 Asset-backed securities 8,725 113 — 8,838 U.S. Treasury and government agencies 94,556 759 (8) 95,307 Total 184,795 1,898 (13) 186,680 Total $ 375,737 $ 2,307 $ (32) $ 378,012 (1) Excludes cash of $195.0 million. December 31, 2023 Amortized Cost Unrealized Gains Unrealized Losses Fair Value (in thousands) Cash equivalents: (2) Money market funds $ 87 $ — $ — $ 87 U.S. Treasury and government agencies 54,620 4 — 54,624 Total 54,707 4 — 54,711 Short-term marketable securities: Commercial paper 54,254 32 (7) 54,279 Corporate bonds 23,013 1 (149) 22,865 U.S. Treasury and government agencies 144,901 52 (204) 144,749 Total 222,168 85 (360) 221,893 Long-term marketable securities: Corporate bonds 33,337 285 (22) 33,600 Asset-backed securities 13,785 102 (6) 13,881 U.S. Treasury and government agencies 9,116 49 (2) 9,163 Total 56,238 436 (30) 56,644 Total $ 333,113 $ 525 $ (390) $ 333,248 (2) Excludes cash of $149.0 million. The following table summarizes the gross unrealized losses and fair value of the Company's marketable securities that were in an unrealized loss position aggregated by length of time: September 30, 2024 Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses (in thousands) Commercial paper $ 7,968 $ (1) $ — $ — $ 7,968 $ (1) Corporate bonds 10,730 (7) 668 (7) 11,398 (14) U.S. Treasury and government agencies 29,689 (17) — — 29,689 (17) Total $ 48,387 $ (25) $ 668 $ (7) $ 49,055 $ (32) December 31, 2023 Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses (in thousands) Commercial paper $ 24,838 $ (7) $ — $ — $ 24,838 $ (7) Asset-backed securities — — 1,485 (6) 1,485 (6) Corporate bonds — — 20,717 (171) 20,717 (171) U.S. Treasury and government agencies 43,373 (18) 18,172 (188) 61,545 (206) Total $ 68,211 $ (25) $ 40,374 $ (365) $ 108,585 $ (390) The Company considered the extent to which any unrealized losses on its marketable securities were driven by credit risk and other factors, including market risk, and if it is more-likely-than-not that the Company would have to sell the security before the recovery of the amortized cost basis. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the unrealized losses related to its marketable securities were due to higher market interest rates compared to when the investments were initiated. The Company does not believe the unrealized losses represent credit risk, and the Company does not intend to sell any of the securities in an unrealized loss position and it is not likely that the Company would be required to sell these securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be at maturity. Thus, no credit loss was recognized for the Company's marketable securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. The following summarizes the fair value of marketable securities by contractual maturity: September 30, 2024 Amortized Cost Fair Value (in thousands) Due within One Year $ 190,942 $ 191,332 Due after One Year through Five Years 176,070 177,842 Asset-backed securities 8,725 8,838 Total $ 375,737 $ 378,012 Non-Marketable Securities During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, the Company invested $2.5 million in preferred stock of a privately-held company. The fair value of the investment is not readily available, and there are no quoted market prices for the investment. The Company accounts for the investment at cost less impairment and will measure the investment at fair value when the Company identifies observable price changes. The investment is assessed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the fair value of the investment is less than carrying value. During the second quarter of 2023, the Company identified an observable price change in the investment and recognized an immaterial unrealized loss in other income (expense), net of the condensed consolidated statement of operations. The investment is included in other noncurrent assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company has not received any dividends from the investment. Derivative Financial Instruments Designated cash flow hedges The Company enters into foreign currency forward contracts to reduce the risk of variability in future cash flow due to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuation from certain forecasted subscription revenue orders billed in British Pound ("GBP") and Euro ("EUR") and operating expenses incurred in Indian Rupee ("INR"), which are designated as cash flow hedges. Hedge effectiveness is assessed at inception and at each reporting period utilizing regression analysis. Unrealized foreign exchange gains or losses related to those designated cash flow hedge contracts are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") and will be reclassified into revenues or operating expenses, respectively, in the same periods when the hedged transactions are recognized in earnings. As of September 30, 2024, the Company had designated cash flow hedge forward contracts with notional amounts of €46.4 million, £18.0 million and Rs.4,273.0 million. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had designated cash flow hedge forward contracts with notional amounts of €48.5 million, £14.6 million and Rs.4,042.0 million. As of September 30, 2024 , the amount of net unrealized loss of $1.5 million before tax on the foreign currency forward contracts for GBP and EUR reported in AOCI is expected to be reclassified into revenue within the next 12 months. As of September 30, 2024 , an immaterial amount of net unrealized loss before tax on the foreign currency forward contracts for INR reported in AOCI is expected to be reclassified into operating expenses within the next 12 months. Non-designated forward contracts The Company also uses foreign currency forward contracts to hedge certain foreign currency denominated assets or liabilities, which are not designated as cash flow hedges. Unrealized foreign exchange gain or losses related to the non-designated forward contracts are recorded in other income (expenses), net and offset the foreign exchange gain or loss on the underlying net monetary assets or liabilities. As of September 30, 2024, the Company had non-designated forward contracts with notional amounts of €12.5 million, £5.1 million, Rs.1,208.0 million, and Canadian Dollar ("C$" or "CAD") 1.2 million. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had non-designated forward contracts with notional amounts of €19.2 million, £6.0 million, Rs.440.0 million, and C$1.0 million. The following summarizes the fair value of derivative financial instruments as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 : September 30, December 31, (in thousands) Assets Foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedge $ — $ 63 Foreign currency forward contracts not designated as hedging instruments 19 48 Total $ 19 $ 111 Liabilities Foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedge $ 2,474 $ 1,502 Foreign currency forward contracts not designated as hedging instruments 95 484 Total $ 2,569 $ 1,986 The Company presents its derivative assets and derivative liabilities at gross fair values in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. However, under the master netting agreements with the respective counterparties of the foreign exchange contracts, subject to applicable requirements, the Company is allowed to net settle transactions of the same currency with a single net amount payable by one party to the other. The potential offset to both assets and liabilities under the right of set-off associated with the Company's foreign currency exchange contracts are immaterial as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The derivatives held by the Company are not subject to any credit contingent features negotiated with its counterparties. The Company is not required to pledge nor is entitled to receive cash collateral related to the above contracts. The counterparties to these derivatives are large, global financial institutions that the Company believes are creditworthy, and therefore, it does not consider the risk of counterparty nonperformance to be material. The following summarizes the gains (losses) recognized from forward contracts and other foreign currency transactions in other income (expense), net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended 2024 2023 2024 2023 (in thousands) (in thousands) Net gains (losses) from non-designated forward contracts $ (896) $ 540 $ (457) $ 690 Other foreign currency transactions gains (losses) 1,501 (1,248) (958) (1,979) Total foreign exchange gains (losses), net $ 605 $ (708) $ (1,415) $ (1,289) |