Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect the accounts of Garmin Ltd. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation. As previously announced and discussed below within the “Recently Adopted Accounting Standards” section of this footnote, effective beginning in the 2018 fiscal year, we adopted the requirements of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), using the full retrospective method. All amounts and disclosures set forth in this Form 10-K reflect these changes. Further, as a result of the adoption of certain other accounting standards described below, effective beginning in the 2018 fiscal year, certain amounts in prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. Fiscal Year The Company’s fiscal year is based on a 52-53-week period ending on the last Saturday of the calendar year. Due to the fact that there are not exactly 52 weeks in a calendar year, and there is slightly more than one additional day per year (not including the effects of leap year) in each calendar year as compared to a 52-week fiscal year, the Company will have a fiscal year comprising 53 weeks in certain fiscal years, as determined by when the last Saturday of the calendar year occurs. In those resulting fiscal years that have 53 weeks, the Company will record an extra week of sales, costs, and related financial activity. Therefore, the financial results of those 53-week fiscal years, and the associated 14-week fourth quarters, will not be entirely comparable to the prior and subsequent 52-week fiscal years and the associated 13-week quarters. Fiscal years 2019, 2018, and 2017 each included 52 weeks. Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Foreign Currency Many Garmin Ltd. subsidiaries utilize currencies other than the United States Dollar (USD) as their functional currency. As required by the Foreign Currency Matters topic of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC), the financial statements of these subsidiaries for all periods presented have been translated into USD, the functional currency of Garmin Ltd., and the reporting currency herein, for purposes of consolidation at rates prevailing during the year for sales, costs, and expenses and at end-of-year rates for all assets and liabilities. The effect of this translation is recorded in a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Cumulative currency translation adjustments of $55,289 and $47,327 as of December 28, 2019 and December 29, 2018, respectively, have been included in accumulated other comprehensive income in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded at the approximate rate of exchange at the transaction date. Assets and liabilities resulting from these transactions are translated at the rate of exchange in effect at the balance sheet date. The majority of the Company’s consolidated foreign currency gain or loss is typically driven by the significant cash and marketable securities, receivables, and payables held in a currency other than the functional currency at a given legal entity. Net foreign currency losses recorded in results of operations were $16,799, $7,616, and $22,579, for the years ended December 28, 2019, December 29, 2018, and December 30, 2017, respectively. The loss in fiscal 2019 was primarily due to the USD strengthening against the Euro and weakening against the Taiwan Dollar, which was partially offset by the USD weakening against the British Pound Sterling. The loss in fiscal 2018 was due primarily to the USD strengthening against the Euro and British Pound Sterling, offset by the USD strengthening against the Taiwan Dollar. The loss in fiscal 2017 was due primarily to the USD weakening against the Taiwan Dollar, which was partially offset by the USD weakening against the Euro and British Pound Sterling. Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share amounts are computed based on the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. For purposes of diluted earnings per share, the number of shares that would be issued from the exercise of dilutive share-based compensation awards has been reduced by the number of shares which could have been purchased from the proceeds of the exercise or release at the average market price of the Company’s stock during the period the awards were outstanding. See Note 10 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, operating accounts, money market funds, deposits readily convertible to known amounts of cash, and securities with maturities of three months or less when purchased. The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents approximates fair value, given the short maturity of those instruments. Restricted cash is reported separately from cash and cash equivalents on the consolidated balance sheets. See Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on restricted cash. The total of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash balances presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheet reconciles to the total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Trade Accounts Receivable The Company sells its products to retailers, wholesalers, and other customers and extends credit based on its evaluation of the customer’s financial condition. Potential losses on receivables are dependent on each individual customer’s financial condition. The Company carries its trade accounts receivable at net realizable value. Typically, its accounts receivable are collected within 80 days and do not bear interest. The Company monitors its exposure to losses on receivables and maintains allowances for potential losses or adjustments. The Company determines these allowances by (1) evaluating the aging of its receivables and (2) reviewing its high-risk customers. Past due receivable balances are written off when internal collection efforts have been unsuccessful in collecting the amount due. The Company maintains trade credit insurance to provide security against large losses. Concentration of Credit Risk The Company grants credit to certain customers who meet the Company’s pre-established credit requirements. Generally, the Company does not require security when trade credit is granted to customers. Credit losses are provided for in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and typically have been within management’s expectations. Certain customers are allowed extended terms consistent with normal industry practice. Most of these extended terms can be classified as either relating to seasonal sales variations or to the timing of new product releases by the Company. The Company’s top ten customers have contributed between 21% and 24% of net sales annually since 2017. None of the Company’s customers accounted for more than or equal to 10% of consolidated net sales in the years ended December 28, 2019, December 29, 2018, and December 30, 2017, respectively. Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market with cost being determined on a first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis. The Company writes down its inventory for estimated obsolescence or unmarketable inventory equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and the estimated net realizable value based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, additional inventory write-downs may be required. Inventories consisted of the following: December 28, 2019 December 29, 2018 Raw materials $ 260,070 $ 205,696 Work-in-process 133,157 96,564 Finished goods 359,681 259,580 Inventories $ 752,908 $ 561,840 Property and Equipment Property and equipment are recorded at cost and typically depreciated using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives: Buildings and improvements 39-50 Office furniture and equipment 3-5 Manufacturing and engineering equipment 5-10 Vehicles 5 As required by the Property, Plant and Equipment Intangible Assets At December 28, 2019, and December 29, 2018, the Company had patents, customer related intangibles and other identifiable finite-lived intangible assets recorded at a cost of $432,296 and $330,532, respectively. Identifiable, finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis typically over three to ten years. Accumulated amortization was $239,776 and $214,469 at December 28, 2019 and December 29, 2018, respectively. Amortization expense on these intangible assets was $26,225, $21,796, and $20,863 for the years ended December 28, 2019, December 29, 2018, and December 30, 2017, respectively. In the next five years, the amortization expense is estimated to be $25,654, $22,000, $19,290, $18,127, and $16,880, respectively. The Company also reviews finite-lived intangible assets for impairment in accordance with ASC Topic 360, as described above, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be fully recoverable. The Company’s excess purchase cost over fair value of net assets acquired (goodwill) was $467,108 at December 28, 2019, and $301,017 at December 29, 2018. December 28, 2019 December 29, 2018 Goodwill balance at beginning of year $ 301,017 $ 286,982 Acquisitions 171,773 16,768 Finalization of purchase price allocations, impairment charges, and effect of foreign currency translation (5,682 ) (2,733 ) Goodwill balance at end of year $ 467,108 $ 301,017 The Intangibles – Goodwill and Other Each of the Company’s operating segments (auto PND, auto OEM, aviation, fitness, marine, and outdoor) represents a distinct reporting unit. The auto PND market has declined in recent years as competing technologies have emerged and market saturation has occurred. This has resulted in periods of lower revenues and profits for the Company’s auto PND reporting unit. Considering these qualitative factors, management performed a quantitative impairment test of the auto PND reporting unit in the fourth quarter of 2019 and determined that the fair value of the reporting unit was substantially in excess of its carrying amount. However, considering the uncertainty of future operating results and/or market conditions deteriorating faster or more drastically than the forecasts utilized in management’s estimation of fair value, management believes some or all of the approximately $80 million of goodwill associated with the Company’s auto PND reporting unit is at risk of future impairment. Management also performed a quantitative impairment test of the Auto OEM reporting unit in the fourth quarter of 2019 and concluded that the fair value of the reporting unit was less than its carrying amount. As a result, the Company recorded an impairment charge of approximately $3 million, which was the total goodwill balance associated with the auto OEM reporting unit. The impairment charge was not material to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. Management concluded that no other reporting units are currently at risk of impairment, and the Company did not recognize any material goodwill or intangible asset impairment charges in fiscal years 2019, 2018, or 2017. Leases The Company leases certain real estate properties, vehicles, and equipment in various countries around the world. Leased properties are typically used for office space, distribution, and retail. The Company’s leases are classified as operating leases with remaining terms of 1 to 34 years, some of which include an option to extend or renew. If the exercise of an option to extend or renew is determined to be reasonably certain, the associated right-of-use asset and lease liability reflects the extended period and payments For newly signed leases, the right-of-use asset and lease liability is recognized on lease commencement date. Variable lease costs, such as adjustments to payments based on consumer price indices, are excluded in the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. For all real estate leases, any non-lease components, including common area maintenance, have been separated from lease components and excluded from the associated right-of-use asset and lease liability calculations. For all equipment and vehicle leases, an accounting policy election has been made to not separate lease and non-lease components. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less (“short-term leases”) are not recognized on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets as a right-of-use asset or lease liability. Dividends Under Swiss corporate law, dividends must be approved by shareholders at the general meeting of the Company’s shareholders. On June 7, 2019, the shareholders approved a dividend of $2.28 per share (of which, $1.14 was paid in the Company’s 2019 fiscal year) payable in four equal installments on dates determined by the Board of Directors. The dates determined by the Board were as follows: Dividend Date Record Date $s per share June 28, 2019 June 17, 2019 $ 0.57 September 30, 2019 September 16, 2019 $ 0.57 December 31, 2019 December 16, 2019 $ 0.57 March 31, 2020 March 16, 2020 $ 0.57 The Company paid dividends in 2019 in the amount of $417,264, which included four dividend distributions in the fiscal year. Both the dividends paid and the remaining dividend payable were reported as a reduction of retained earnings. On June 8, 2018, the shareholders approved a dividend of $2.12 per share (of which, $1.06 was paid in the Company’s 2018 fiscal year) payable in four equal installments on dates determined by the Board of Directors. The dates determined by the Board were as follows: Dividend Date Record Date $s per share June 29, 2018 June 18, 2018 $ 0.53 September 28, 2018 September 14, 2018 $ 0.53 December 31, 2018 December 14, 2018 $ 0.53 March 29, 2019 March 15, 2019 $ 0.53 The Company paid dividends in 2018 in the amount of $296,148, which included three dividend distributions in the fiscal year. Both the dividends paid and the remaining dividend payable were reported as a reduction of retained earnings. On June 9, 2017, the shareholders approved a dividend of $2.04 per share (of which, $1.53 was paid in the Company’s 2017 fiscal year) payable in four equal installments on dates determined by the Board of Directors. The dates determined by the Board were as follows: Dividend Date Record Date $s per share June 30, 2017 June 19, 2017 $ 0.51 September 29, 2017 September 15, 2017 $ 0.51 December 29, 2017 December 15, 2017 $ 0.51 March 30, 2018 March 15, 2018 $ 0.51 The Company paid dividends in 2017 in the amount of $382,976, which included four dividend distributions in the fiscal year. Both the dividends paid and the remaining dividend payable were reported as a reduction of retained earnings. Approximately $61,129 of retained earnings was indefinitely restricted from distribution to stockholders pursuant to the laws of Taiwan as of December 28, 2019 and December 29, 2018. Marketable Securities Management determines the appropriate classification of marketable securities at the time of purchase and reevaluates such designation as of each balance sheet date. All of the Company’s marketable securities were considered available-for-sale at December 28, 2019. Available-for-sale securities are stated at fair value, with the unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported in Accumulated other comprehensive income on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. At December 28, 2019, cumulative unrealized gains of $585 were reported in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of related taxes. At December 29, 2018, cumulative unrealized net losses of $38,897 were reported in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of related taxes. Investments are reviewed periodically to determine if they have suffered an impairment of value that is considered other-than-temporary. The Company recognizes the credit component of other-than-temporary impairments of debt securities within Other income (expense) on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income and the noncredit component within Accumulated other comprehensive income on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Testing for impairment of investments requires significant management judgment. The identification of potentially impaired investments, the determination of their fair value, and the assessment of whether any decline in value is other than temporary are the key judgment elements. The discovery of new information and the passage of time can significantly change these judgments. Revisions of impairment judgments are made when new information becomes known, and any resulting impairment adjustments are made at that time. The economic environment and volatility of securities markets increase the difficulty of determining fair value and assessing investment impairment. The amortized cost of debt securities classified as available-for-sale is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity, or in the case of mortgage-backed securities, over the estimated life of the security. Such amortization and realized gains/losses are recorded within Interest income and Other income (expense), respectively, on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. Investments are discussed in detail in Note 3 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes using the liability method in accordance with the FASB ASC 740 topic Income Taxes The Company accounts for uncertainty in income taxes in accordance with the FASB ASC 740 topic Income Taxes . The Company recognizes liabilities based on our estimate of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. If payment of these amounts ultimately proves not to be required, the reversal of the liabilities result s in tax benefits being recognized in the period when the Company determines the liabilities are no longer necessary. If the Company’s estimate of tax liabilities proves to be less than the ultimate assessment, a further charge to expense would result. Income taxes are discussed in detail in Note 6 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue upon the transfer of control of promised products or services to the customer in an amount that depicts the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to for the related products or services. For the large majority of the Company’s sales, transfer of control occurs once product has shipped and title and risk of loss have transferred to the customer. The Company offers certain tangible products with ongoing services promised over a period of time, typically the useful life of the related tangible product. When such services have been identified as both capable of being distinct and separately identifiable from the related tangible product, the associated revenue allocated to such services is recognized over time. The Company generally does not offer specified or unspecified upgrade rights to its customers in connection with software sales. The Company allocates revenue to all performance obligations associated with tangible products containing separately identifiable ongoing services based on the respective performance obligations’ relative standalone selling prices (“SSP”), with the amounts allocated to ongoing services deferred and recognized over a period of time. These ongoing services primarily consist of the Company’s contractual promises to provide personal navigation device (PND) users with map updates and server-based traffic services. In addition, we provide map update services (map care) over a contractual period in certain hardware and software contracts with original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). The Company has determined that directly observable prices do not exist for map updates, map care, or server-based traffic, as stand-alone and unbundled unit sales do not occur on more than a limited basis. Therefore, the Company uses the expected cost plus a margin as the primary indicator to calculate relative SSP of map updates, map care, and traffic performance obligations. The revenue and associated costs allocated to map updates, map care, and/or the server-based traffic service are deferred and recognized ratably over the estimated life of the products of approximately 3 years for PNDs, or the estimated map care period in OEM contracts of 3-10 years as we believe our efforts related to providing these services are spread evenly throughout the performance period. In addition to the products listed above, the Company has offered certain other products with ongoing performance obligations including mobile applications, incremental navigation and communication service subscriptions, aviation database subscriptions, and extended warranties that are recognized over the contractual service period (typically 1-3 years). The Company records revenue net of sales tax and variable consideration such as trade discounts and customer returns. Payment is due typically within 90 days or less of shipment of product, or upon the grant of a given software license (as applicable). The Company records estimated reductions to revenue in the form of variable consideration for customer sales programs, returns, and incentive offerings including rebates, price protection (product discounts offered to retailers to assist in clearing older products from their inventories in advance of new product releases), promotions, and other volume-based incentives. Cooperative advertising incentives payable to dealers and distributors are recorded as reductions of revenue unless we obtain proof of a distinct advertising service, in which case we record the incentive as advertising expense. The reductions to revenue are based on estimates and judgments using historical experience and expectation of future conditions. Changes in these estimates could negatively affect the Company’s operating results. These incentives are reviewed periodically and, with the exceptions of price protection and certain other promotions, typically accrued for on a percentage of sales basis. Deferred Revenues and Costs At December 28, 2019 and December 29, 2018, the Company had deferred revenues totaling $161,891 and $172,938, respectively, and related deferred costs totaling $48,598 and $57,935, respectively. Deferred revenue consists primarily of the transaction price allocated to performance obligations that are recognized over a period of time basis as discussed in the Revenue Recognition portion of this footnote. Billings associated with such items are typically completed upon the transfer of control of promised products or services to the customer and recorded to accounts receivable until payment is received. Deferred costs primarily refer to the royalties incurred by the Company associated with the aforementioned unsatisfied performance obligations, which are amortized over the same period as the revenue is recognized. The Company typically pays the associated royalties either monthly or quarterly in arrears, on a per item shipped or installed basis. The Company applies a practical expedient, as permitted within ASC 340, to expense as incurred the incremental costs to obtain a contract when the amortization period of the asset that would have otherwise been recognized is one year or less. Shipping and Handling Costs Shipping and handling activities are typically performed before the customer obtains control of the good, and the related costs are therefore expensed as incurred. Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of goods sold in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Product Warranty The Company accrues for estimated future warranty costs at the time products are sold. The Company’s standard warranty obligation to retail partners generally provides for a right of return of any product for a full refund in the event that such product is not merchantable, is damaged, or is defective. The Company’s historical experience is that these types of warranty obligations are generally fulfilled within 5 months from time of sale. The Company’s standard warranty obligation to its end-users provides for a period of one to two years from date of shipment while certain aviation, marine, and auto OEM products have a warranty period of two years or more from the date of installation. Fiscal Year Ended December 28, 2019 December 29, 2018 December 30, 2017 Balance - beginning of period $ 38,276 $ 36,827 $ 37,233 Accrual for products sold (1) 58,092 59,374 56,360 Expenditures (56,610 ) (57,925 ) (56,766 ) Balance - end of period $ 39,758 $ 38,276 $ 36,827 (1) Advertising Costs The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. Advertising expense amounted to approximately $164,456, $155,394, and $164,693 for the years ended December 28, 2019, December 29, 2018, and December 30, 2017, respectively. Research and Development A majority of the Company’s research and development is performed in the United States. Research and development costs, which are typically expensed as incurred, amounted to approximately $605,366, $567,805, and $511,634 for the years ended December 28, 2019, December 29, 2018, and December 30, 2017, respectively. Preproduction Costs Related to Long-Term Supply Arrangements Preproduction design and development costs related to long-term supply arrangements are expensed as incurred, and classified as Research and development, unless the customer has provided a contractual guarantee for reimbursement of such costs. Contractually reimbursable costs are capitalized as incurred in the Consolidated Balance Sheets within Prepaid expenses and other current assets if reimbursement is expected to be received within one year, or within Other assets if expected to be received beyond one year. Such capitalized costs were approximately $24,267 as of December 28, 2019, and there were no such capitalized costs as of December 29, 2018. Customer Service and Technical Support Customer service and technical support costs are included as selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income. Customer service and technical support costs include costs associated with performing order processing, answering customer inquiries by telephone and through websites, e-mail and other electronic means, and providing free technical support assistance to customers. The technical support is typically provided within one year after the associated revenue is recognized. The related cost of providing this free support is not material. Software Development Costs The FASB ASC topic entitled Software Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation The Company currently sponsors four stock-based employee compensation plans. The FASB ASC topic entitled Compensation – Stock Compensation requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expenses for all share-based payment awards made to employees and directors, including employee stock options and restricted stock, based on estimated fair values. Accounting guidance requires companies to estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as stock-based compensation expense over the requisite service period in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. As stock-based compensation expenses recognized in the accompanying consolidated statements of income are based on awards ultimately expected to vest, they have been reduced for estimated forfeitures. Accounting guidance requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Forfeitures were estimated based on historical experience and management’s estimates. Excess tax benefits or deficiencies from stock-based compensation are recognized in the income tax provision and are not estimated in the effective tax rate, rather, are recorded as discrete tax items in the period they occur. Excess income tax benefits from stock-based compensation arrangements are classified as a cash flow from operations. Stock compensation plans are discussed in detail in Note 9 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Recently Adopted Accounting Standards Leases In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”), which sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both lessees and lessors. The FASB subsequently issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-10 and Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-11 in July 2018, which provide clarifications and improvements to ASU 2016-02 (collectively, the “new lease standard”). Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-11 also provides the optional transition method which allows companies to apply the new lease standard at the adoption date instead of at the earliest comparative period presented. The new lease standard requires lessees to present a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability on the balance sheet. The Company adopted the new lease standard as of the beginning of the 2019 fiscal year using the optional transition method. The Company did not have a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as a result of adopting the new lease standard and does not expect the new lease standard to have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income or Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows in future periods. The Company elected the package of transitional practical expedients upon adoption which, among other provisions, allowed the Company to carry forward historical lease classification. See Note 14 – Leases for additional information regarding leases. Intangible – Goodwill and Other In January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-04, Intangible – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplify the Test for Goodwill Impairment (“ASU 2017-04”) which simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairment. ASU 2017-04 removes “step two” of the goodwill impairment test, such that a goodwill impairment charge will now be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value. ASU 2017-04 should be applied prospectively and is effective for fiscal years, or any goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for any impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017. The Company early adopted ASU 2017-04 in the fourth quarter of the year ended December 28, 2019. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. Revenue from Contracts with Customers In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU 2014-09”), which supersedes previous revenue recognition guidance. The FASB issued several updates amending or relating to ASU 2014-09 (collectively, the “new revenue standard”). The Company adopted the new revenue standard in the 2018 fiscal year using the full retrospective method, which requires the Company to restate each prior reporting period presented in future financial statement issuances. The impacts of adopting the new revenue standard relate to our accounting for certain arrangements within the auto segment. A portion of the Company’s auto segment contracts had historically been accounted for under Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 985-605 Software-Revenue Recognition (Topic 985-605). Under Topic 985-605, the Company deferred revenue and associated costs of all elements |