First Solar (FSLR) 10-Q27 Jul 232023 Q2 Quarterly reportFinancial data

Company Profile

Document

Document - shares	6 Months Ended
Document - shares	Jun. 30, 2023	Jul. 21, 2023
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-33156
Entity Registrant Name	First Solar, Inc.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	20-4623678
Entity Address, Address Line One	350 West Washington Street, Suite 600
Entity Address, City or Town	Tempe
Entity Address, State or Province	AZ
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	85288
City Area Code	602
Local Phone Number	414-9300
Title of 12(b) Security	Common stock, $0.001 par value
Trading Symbol	FSLR
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		106,831,394
Entity Central Index Key	0001274494
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31

Condensed Consolidated Statemen

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Net sales	$ 810,673	$ 620,955	$ 1,358,959	$ 987,995
Cost of sales	500,253	644,155	936,488	999,732
Gross profit (loss)	310,420	(23,200)	422,471	(11,737)
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative	46,328	38,894	90,356	75,622
Research and development	36,745	25,229	67,255	52,337
Production start-up	23,377	13,231	42,871	20,569
Litigation loss	35,590	0	35,590	0
Total operating expenses	142,040	77,354	236,072	148,528
Gain on sales of businesses, net	135	245,381	118	247,288
Operating income	168,515	144,827	186,517	87,023
Foreign currency loss, net	(4,652)	(2,984)	(10,599)	(7,182)
Interest income	25,026	2,880	50,848	5,205
Interest expense, net	(1,415)	(3,236)	(2,163)	(6,101)
Other income (expense), net	997	(1,883)	(459)	(2,095)
Income before taxes	188,471	139,604	224,144	76,850
Income tax expense	(17,892)	(83,799)	(11,004)	(64,300)
Net income	$ 170,579	$ 55,805	$ 213,140	$ 12,550
Net income per share:
Basic	$ 1.60	$ 0.52	$ 2	$ 0.12
Diluted	$ 1.59	$ 0.52	$ 1.99	$ 0.12
Weighted-average number of shares used in per share calculations:
Basic	106,827	106,586	106,791	106,500
Diluted	107,278	107,056	107,256	106,965

Condensed Consolidated Statem_2

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Net income	$ 170,579	$ 55,805	$ 213,140	$ 12,550
Other comprehensive (loss) income
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(5,348)	(18,170)	(2,693)	(28,295)
Unrealized (loss) gain on marketable securities and restricted marketable securities, net of tax of $85, $681, $(317) and $1,927	(1,315)	(16,967)	5,651	(39,488)
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net of tax of $(165), $1,541, $(873) and $1,635	594	(5,643)	2,808	(6,085)
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(6,069)	(40,780)	5,766	(73,868)
Comprehensive income (loss)	164,510	15,025	218,906	(61,318)
Supplemental Income Statement Elements [Abstract]
Unrealized (loss) gain on marketable securities and restricted marketable securities, tax	85	681	(317)	1,927
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments, tax	$ (165)	$ 1,541	$ (873)	$ 1,635

Condensed Consolidated Balance

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 829,913	$ 1,481,269
Marketable securities	1,054,044	1,096,712
Accounts receivable trade, net	631,335	324,337
Accounts receivable unbilled	37,084	30,654
Inventories	756,173	621,376
Other current assets	352,181	237,073
Total current assets	3,660,730	3,791,421
Property, plant and equipment, net	4,020,178	3,536,902
Deferred tax assets, net	126,234	78,680
Restricted marketable securities	194,650	182,070
Government grants receivable	225,121	0
Goodwill	28,646	14,462
Intangibles assets, net	70,435	31,106
Inventories	257,169	260,395
Other assets	414,003	356,192
Total assets	8,997,166	8,251,228
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	245,834	341,409
Income taxes payable	29,067	29,397
Accrued expenses	303,322	382,782
Deferred revenue	390,231	263,215
Other current liabilities	122,160	21,245
Total current liabilities	1,090,614	1,038,048
Accrued solar module collection and recycling liability	132,061	128,114
Long-term debt	437,410	184,349
Deferred revenue	1,157,190	944,725
Other liabilities	140,253	119,937
Total liabilities	2,957,528	2,415,173
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, $0.001 par value per share; 500,000,000 shares authorized; 106,830,548 and 106,609,094 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	107	107
Additional paid-in capital	2,872,153	2,887,476
Accumulated earnings	3,353,429	3,140,289
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(186,051)	(191,817)
Total stockholders' equity	6,039,638	5,836,055
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 8,997,166	$ 8,251,228

Condensed Consolidated Balanc_2

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Common Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common Stock, Shares Authorized	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common Stock, Shares Issued	106,830,548	106,609,094
Common Stock, Shares Outstanding	106,830,548	106,609,094

Condensed Consolidated Statem_3

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity Statement - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Accumulated Earnings [Member]	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Member]
Common stock, shares, beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021		106,332,000
Stockholders' equity, beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 5,959,551	$ 106	$ 2,871,352	$ 3,184,455	$ (96,362)
Net income	12,550			12,550
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(73,868)				(73,868)
Common stock issued for share-based compensation, shares		426,000
Common stock issued for share-based compensation	1	$ 1	0
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock, shares		(164,000)
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock	(11,591)	$ 0	(11,591)
Share-based compensation expense	9,184		9,184
Common stock, shares, ending balance at Jun. 30, 2022		106,594,000
Stockholders' equity, ending balance at Jun. 30, 2022	5,895,827	$ 107	2,868,945	3,197,005	(170,230)
Common stock, shares, beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2022		106,583,000
Stockholders' equity, beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2022	5,875,175	$ 107	2,863,318	3,141,200	(129,450)
Net income	55,805			55,805
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(40,780)				(40,780)
Common stock issued for share-based compensation, shares		12,000
Common stock issued for share-based compensation	0	$ 0	0
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock, shares		(1,000)
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock	(86)	$ 0	(86)
Share-based compensation expense	5,713		5,713
Common stock, shares, ending balance at Jun. 30, 2022		106,594,000
Stockholders' equity, ending balance at Jun. 30, 2022	$ 5,895,827	$ 107	2,868,945	3,197,005	(170,230)
Common stock, shares, beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	106,609,094	106,609,000
Stockholders' equity, beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 5,836,055	$ 107	2,887,476	3,140,289	(191,817)
Net income	213,140			213,140
Other comprehensive (loss) income	5,766				5,766
Common stock issued for share-based compensation, shares		371,000
Common stock issued for share-based compensation	0	$ 0	0
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock, shares		(149,000)
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock	(30,247)	$ 0	(30,247)
Share-based compensation expense	$ 14,924		14,924
Common stock, shares, ending balance at Jun. 30, 2023	106,830,548	106,831,000
Stockholders' equity, ending balance at Jun. 30, 2023	$ 6,039,638	$ 107	2,872,153	3,353,429	(186,051)
Common stock, shares, beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2023		106,825,000
Stockholders' equity, beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2023	5,868,728	$ 107	2,865,753	3,182,850	(179,982)
Net income	170,579			170,579
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(6,069)				(6,069)
Common stock issued for share-based compensation, shares		7,000
Common stock issued for share-based compensation	0	$ 0	0
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock, shares		(1,000)
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock	(1,933)	$ 0	(1,933)
Share-based compensation expense	$ 8,333		8,333
Common stock, shares, ending balance at Jun. 30, 2023	106,830,548	106,831,000
Stockholders' equity, ending balance at Jun. 30, 2023	$ 6,039,638	$ 107	$ 2,872,153	$ 3,353,429	$ (186,051)

Condensed Consolidated Statem_4

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$ 213,140	$ 12,550
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation, amortization and accretion	140,560	131,760
Impairments and net losses on disposal of long-lived assets	230	62,688
Share-based compensation	15,011	9,267
Deferred income taxes	(42,607)	(5,576)
Gain on sales of businesses, net	(118)	(247,288)
Other, net	(9,073)	(392)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, trade and unbilled	(177,591)	145,784
Inventories	(131,625)	(160,456)
Project assets and PV solar power systems	8,626	(160,300)
Government grants receivable	(225,121)	0
Other assets	(105,243)	(55,154)
Income tax receivable and payable	(20,090)	42,679
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(42,994)	(77,301)
Deferred revenue	211,721	211,308
Other liabilities	40,898	39,610
Net cash used in operating activities	(124,276)	(50,821)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(753,656)	(353,448)
Purchases of marketable securities	(2,492,495)	(971,205)
Proceeds from sales and maturities of marketable securities	2,538,069	1,198,254
Proceeds from sales of businesses, net of cash and restricted cash sold	0	264,614
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(35,540)	0
Other investing activities	0	72
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(743,622)	138,287
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from borrowings under long-term debt, net of issuance costs	246,825	213,086
Repayment of long-term debt	0	(75,879)
Payments of tax withholdings for restricted shares	(30,247)	(11,591)
Net cash provided by financing activities	216,578	125,616
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents	2,454	39,934
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents	(648,866)	253,016
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents, beginning of the period	1,493,462	1,455,837
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents, end of the period	844,596	1,708,853
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities:
Property, plant and equipment acquisitions funded by liabilities	183,482	178,807
Proceeds to be received from sales of businesses	132	163,966
Acquisitions funded by liabilities and contingent consideration	$ 18,686	$ 0

1. Basis of Presentation

1. Basis of Presentation	6 Months Ended
1. Basis of Presentation	Jun. 30, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation	1. Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of First Solar, Inc. and its subsidiaries in this Quarterly Report have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and pursuant to the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Accordingly, these interim financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements. In the opinion of First Solar management, all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair statement have been included. Certain prior period balances have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Despite our intention to establish accurate estimates and reasonable assumptions, actual results could differ materially from such estimates and assumptions. Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023 or for any other period. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2022 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. These interim financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2022 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, which has been filed with the SEC. Unless expressly stated or the context otherwise requires, the terms “the Company,” “we,” “us,” “our,” and “First Solar” refer to First Solar, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, and the term “condensed consolidated financial statements” refers to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained in this Quarterly Report.

2. Business Acquisitions

2. Business Acquisitions	6 Months Ended
2. Business Acquisitions	Jun. 30, 2023
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]
Business Acquisitions, Disclosure	2. Business Acquisitions In May 2023, we acquired 100% of the shares of Evolar AB (“Evolar”), a developer of perovskite technology, for cash payments of $35.5 million, net of cash acquired of $0.5 million, and a promise to pay additional consideration of up to $42.5 million contingent on the achievement of certain technical milestones. The fair value of such contingent consideration was determined to be $18.5 million at the acquisition date. In connection with applying the acquisition method of accounting, $47.0 million of the purchase price consideration was assigned to an in-process research and development (“IPR&D”) intangible asset to be amortized over its useful life upon successful completion of the underlying project, $15.0 million was assigned to goodwill, $9.2 million was assigned to a deferred tax liability, and $2.0 million was assigned to property, plant and equipment. The acquired IPR&D includes technical information, know-how, and other proprietary information associated with certain production capabilities for perovskite technology. The acquisition is expected to accelerate the development of high efficiency tandem devices by integrating Evolar’s know-how with First Solar’s existing research and development (“R&D”) capabilities, intellectual property portfolio, and expertise in developing and commercially scaling thin film photovoltaic (“PV”) products. The goodwill is attributable to the acquired technical workforce of Evolar and the synergies the Company expects through integrating the acquired technology to accelerate the development of next-generation PV technology. The goodwill resulting from this transaction is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.

3. Sales of Businesses

3. Sales of Businesses	6 Months Ended
3. Sales of Businesses	Jun. 30, 2023
Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]
Disposal Groups, Disclosure	3. Sales of Businesses Sale of Japan Project Development Business In May 2022, we entered into various agreements with certain subsidiaries of PAG Real Assets (“PAG”), a private investment firm, for the sale of our Japan project development business. The transaction included our approximately 293 MW utility-scale solar project development platform, which comprised the business of developing, contracting for the construction of, and selling utility-scale PV solar power systems. In June 2022, we completed the sale of our Japan project development business for an aggregate purchase price of ¥66.4 billion ($488.4 million), subject to certain customary post-closing adjustments. On the closing date, we received proceeds of ¥44.1 billion ($324.5 million) and transferred cash and restricted cash of ¥8.4 billion ($61.9 million) to PAG. As a result of this transaction, we recognized a gain of $245.4 million, net of transaction costs, during the three months ended June 30, 2022, which was included in “Gain on sales of businesses, net” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. During the three months ended June 30, 2023, we recognized certain post-closing adjustments associated with the prior sale of our Japan project development business, which was included in “Gain on sales of businesses, net” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Sales of International O&M Operations In January 2022, we completed the sale of our Chilean operations and maintenance (“O&M”) operations to a subsidiary of Clairvest Group, Inc. (“Clairvest”) and received total consideration of $1.9 million. As a result of this transaction, we recognized a gain of $1.6 million, net of transaction costs and post-closing adjustments, during the six months ended June 30, 2022, which was included in “Gain on sales of businesses, net” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, we recognized certain post-closing adjustments associated with the prior sale of our O&M operations in a foreign jurisdiction, which was included in “Gain on sales of businesses, net” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

4. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and

4. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities	6 Months Ended
4. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities	Jun. 30, 2023
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Short-Term Investments [Abstract]
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities	4. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities Cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities consisted of the following at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): June 30, December 31, Cash and cash equivalents: Cash $ 826,635 $ 1,476,945 Money market funds 3,278 4,324 Total cash and cash equivalents 829,913 1,481,269 Marketable securities: Foreign debt 34,615 59,777 U.S. debt 43,770 56,463 U.S. Treasury securities 846,102 — Time deposits 129,557 980,472 Total marketable securities 1,054,044 1,096,712 Total cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities $ 1,883,957 $ 2,577,981 The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents reported within our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 to the total of such amounts as presented in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands): Balance Sheet Line Item June 30, December 31, Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents $ 829,913 $ 1,481,269 Restricted cash – current Other current assets 8,262 3,175 Restricted cash – noncurrent Other assets 3,227 2,734 Restricted cash equivalents – noncurrent Other assets 3,194 6,284 Total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents $ 844,596 $ 1,493,462 During the three months ended June 30, 2023, we sold marketable securities for proceeds of $34.9 million and realized a loss of less than $0.1 million on such sales. See Note 10. “Fair Value Measurements” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for information about the fair value of our marketable securities. The following tables summarize the unrealized gains and losses related to our available-for-sale marketable securities, by major security type, as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): As of June 30, 2023 Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Allowance for Credit Losses Fair Foreign debt $ 35,000 $ — $ 371 $ 14 $ 34,615 U.S. debt 45,500 9 1,726 13 43,770 U.S. Treasury securities 845,980 122 — — 846,102 Time deposits 129,592 — — 35 129,557 Total $ 1,056,072 $ 131 $ 2,097 $ 62 $ 1,054,044 As of December 31, 2022 Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Allowance for Credit Losses Fair Foreign debt $ 59,940 $ — $ 140 $ 23 $ 59,777 U.S. debt 58,308 — 1,823 22 56,463 Time deposits 980,810 — — 338 980,472 Total $ 1,099,058 $ — $ 1,963 $ 383 $ 1,096,712 The contractual maturities of our marketable securities as of June 30, 2023 were as follows (in thousands): Fair One year or less $ 978,855 One year to two years 66,830 Two years to three years 4,454 Three years to four years — Four years to five years — More than five years 3,905 Total $ 1,054,044

5. Restricted Marketable Securi

5. Restricted Marketable Securities	6 Months Ended
5. Restricted Marketable Securities	Jun. 30, 2023
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Restricted [Abstract]
Restricted Cash and Investments	5. Restricted Marketable Securities Restricted marketable securities consisted of the following as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): June 30, December 31, Foreign government obligations $ 48,895 $ 46,886 Supranational debt 15,582 8,661 U.S. debt 112,169 109,328 U.S. government obligations 18,004 17,195 Total restricted marketable securities $ 194,650 $ 182,070 Our restricted marketable securities represent long-term investments to fund the estimated future cost of collecting and recycling modules covered under our solar module collection and recycling program. We have established a trust under which estimated funds are put into custodial accounts with an established and reputable bank, for which First Solar, Inc.; First Solar Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.; and First Solar Manufacturing GmbH are grantors. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, such custodial accounts also included noncurrent restricted cash and cash equivalents balances of $3.2 million and $6.7 million, respectively, which were reported within “Other assets.” Trust funds may be disbursed for qualified module collection and recycling costs (including capital and facility related recycling costs), payments to customers for assuming collection and recycling obligations, and reimbursements of any overfunded amounts. Investments in the trust must meet certain investment quality criteria comparable to highly rated government or agency bonds. As necessary, we fund any incremental amounts for our estimated collection and recycling obligations on an annual basis based on the estimated costs of collecting and recycling covered modules, estimated rates of return on our restricted marketable securities, and an estimated solar module life of 25 years, less amounts already funded in prior years. See Note 10. “Fair Value Measurements” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for information about the fair value of our restricted marketable securities. The following tables summarize the unrealized gains and losses related to our restricted marketable securities, by major security type, as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): As of June 30, 2023 Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Allowance for Credit Losses Fair Foreign government obligations $ 64,909 $ — $ 16,004 $ 10 $ 48,895 Supranational debt 17,797 126 2,341 — 15,582 U.S. debt 147,391 — 35,194 28 112,169 U.S. government obligations 24,506 — 6,497 5 18,004 Total $ 254,603 $ 126 $ 60,036 $ 43 $ 194,650 As of December 31, 2022 Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Allowance for Credit Losses Fair Foreign government obligations $ 64,008 $ — $ 17,112 $ 10 $ 46,886 Supranational debt 11,146 — 2,485 — 8,661 U.S. debt 148,288 — 38,932 28 109,328 U.S. government obligations 24,551 — 7,352 4 17,195 Total $ 247,993 $ — $ 65,881 $ 42 $ 182,070 As of June 30, 2023, the contractual maturities of these securities were between 8 years and 16 years.

6. Consolidated Balance Sheet D

6. Consolidated Balance Sheet Details	6 Months Ended
6. Consolidated Balance Sheet Details	Jun. 30, 2023
Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Abstract]
Consolidated Balance Sheet Details	6. Consolidated Balance Sheet Details Accounts receivable trade, net Accounts receivable trade, net consisted of the following at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): June 30, December 31, Accounts receivable trade, gross $ 632,620 $ 325,379 Allowance for credit losses (1,285) (1,042) Accounts receivable trade, net $ 631,335 $ 324,337 Inventories Inventories consisted of the following at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): June 30, December 31, Raw materials $ 413,279 $ 397,912 Work in process 83,156 66,641 Finished goods 516,907 417,218 Inventories $ 1,013,342 $ 881,771 Inventories – current $ 756,173 $ 621,376 Inventories – noncurrent $ 257,169 $ 260,395 Other current assets Other current assets consisted of the following at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): June 30, December 31, Spare maintenance materials and parts $ 131,035 $ 114,428 Operating supplies 62,581 47,492 Prepaid expenses 53,300 43,262 Insurance receivable for accrued litigation (1) 51,300 — Prepaid income taxes 13,574 8,314 Restricted cash 8,262 3,175 Derivative instruments (2) 1,146 2,018 Other 30,983 18,384 Other current assets $ 352,181 $ 237,073 —————————— (1) See Note 12. “Commitments and Contingencies” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of our legal proceedings. (2) See Note 8. “Derivative Financial Instruments” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of our derivative instruments. Property, plant and equipment, net Property, plant and equipment, net consisted of the following at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): June 30, December 31, Land $ 35,335 $ 35,259 Buildings and improvements 1,020,969 893,049 Machinery and equipment 3,255,297 2,762,801 Office equipment and furniture 158,164 146,467 Leasehold improvements 40,080 40,160 Construction in progress 1,115,767 1,121,938 Property, plant and equipment, gross 5,625,612 4,999,674 Accumulated depreciation (1,605,434) (1,462,772) Property, plant and equipment, net $ 4,020,178 $ 3,536,902 Depreciation of property, plant and equipment was $76.9 million and $142.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, and $60.0 million and $118.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. Other assets Other assets consisted of the following at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): June 30, December 31, Advance payments for raw materials $ 141,062 $ 91,260 Operating lease assets (1) 89,747 93,185 Income tax receivables 70,818 56,993 Project assets 27,870 30,108 Accounts receivable unbilled, net 4,229 11,498 Restricted cash 3,227 2,734 Restricted cash equivalents 3,194 6,284 Accounts receivable trade, net — 1,500 Other 73,856 62,630 Other assets $ 414,003 $ 356,192 —————————— (1) See Note 9. “Leases” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of our lease arrangements. Accrued expenses Accrued expenses consisted of the following at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): June 30, December 31, Accrued property, plant and equipment $ 104,740 $ 148,777 Accrued inventory 56,144 44,679 Accrued freight 44,938 77,136 Accrued compensation and benefits 30,304 47,939 Accrued other taxes 12,546 19,765 Product warranty liability (1) 9,243 10,660 Other 45,407 33,826 Accrued expenses $ 303,322 $ 382,782 —————————— (1) See Note 12. “Commitments and Contingencies” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of our “Product Warranties.” Other current liabilities Other current liabilities consisted of the following at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): June 30, December 31, Accrued litigation (1) $ 86,890 $ — Derivative instruments (2) 12,875 6,668 Operating lease liabilities (3) 9,693 9,193 Contingent consideration (4) 7,500 — Other 5,202 5,384 Other current liabilities $ 122,160 $ 21,245 —————————— (1) See Note 12. “Commitments and Contingencies” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of our legal proceedings. (2) See Note 8. “Derivative Financial Instruments” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of our derivative instruments. (3) See Note 9. “Leases” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of our lease arrangements. (4) See Note 12. “Commitments and Contingencies” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of our contingent consideration arrangements. Other liabilities Other liabilities consisted of the following at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): June 30, December 31, Deferred tax liabilities, net $ 43,812 $ 28,929 Operating lease liabilities (1) 36,194 40,589 Product warranty liability (2) 22,726 23,127 Contingent consideration (3) 11,000 — Other 26,521 27,292 Other liabilities $ 140,253 $ 119,937 —————————— (1) See Note 9. “Leases” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of our lease arrangements. (2) See Note 12. “Commitments and Contingencies” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of our “Product Warranties.” (3) See Note 12. “Commitments and Contingencies” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of our contingent consideration arrangements.

7. Government Grants

7. Government Grants	6 Months Ended
7. Government Grants	Jun. 30, 2023
Government Assistance [Abstract]
Government Grants	7. Government Grants Government grants represent benefits provided by federal, state, or local governments that are not subject to the scope of ASC 740. We recognize a grant when we have reasonable assurance that we will comply with the grant’s conditions and that the grant will be received. Government grants whose primary condition is the purchase, construction, or acquisition of a long-lived asset are considered asset-based grants and are recognized as a reduction to such asset’s cost-basis, which reduces future depreciation. Other government grants not related to long-lived assets are considered income-based grants, which are recognized as a reduction to the related cost of activities that generated the benefit. The following table presents the benefits recognized from income-based government grants in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Three Months Ended Six Months Ended Income Statement Line Item 2023 2022 2023 2022 Cost of sales $ 155,007 $ — $ 225,121 $ — In August 2022, the U.S. President signed into law the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (“IRA”). Among other things, the IRA offers a tax credit, pursuant to Section 45X of the Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”), for solar modules and solar module components manufactured in the United States and sold to third parties. Such credit may be refundable or transferable to a third party and is available from 2023 to 2032, subject to phase down beginning in 2030. For eligible components, the credit is equal to (i) $12 per square meter for a PV wafer, (ii) 4 cents multiplied by the capacity of a PV cell, and (iii) 7 cents multiplied by the capacity of a PV module. Based on the current form factor of our modules, we expect to qualify for a credit of approximately 17 cents per watt for each module produced in the United States and sold to a third party. We recognize such credit as a reduction to “Cost of sales” in the period the modules are sold to customers. Such credit is also reflected on our condensed consolidated balance sheets within “Government grants receivable.”

8. Derivative Financial Instrum

8. Derivative Financial Instruments	6 Months Ended
8. Derivative Financial Instruments	Jun. 30, 2023
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Derivative Financial Instruments	8. Derivative Financial Instruments As a global company, we are exposed in the normal course of business to interest rate, foreign currency, and commodity price risks that could affect our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. We use derivative instruments to hedge against these risks and only hold such instruments for hedging purposes, not for speculative or trading purposes. Depending on the terms of the specific derivative instruments and market conditions, some of our derivative instruments may be assets and others liabilities at any particular balance sheet date. We report all of our derivative instruments at fair value and account for changes in the fair value of derivative instruments within “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” if the derivative instruments qualify for hedge accounting. For those derivative instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting (i.e., “economic hedges”), we record the changes in fair value directly to earnings. See Note 10. “Fair Value Measurements” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for information about the techniques we use to measure the fair value of our derivative instruments. The following tables present the fair values of derivative instruments included in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): June 30, 2023 Other Current Assets Other Current Liabilities Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: Commodity swap contracts $ — $ 2,649 Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments $ — $ 2,649 Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: Foreign exchange forward contracts $ 1,146 $ 10,226 Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments $ 1,146 $ 10,226 Total derivative instruments $ 1,146 $ 12,875 December 31, 2022 Other Current Assets Other Assets Other Current Liabilities Other Liabilities Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: Commodity swap contracts $ — $ 17 $ 4,447 $ 144 Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments $ — $ 17 $ 4,447 $ 144 Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: Foreign exchange forward contracts $ 2,018 $ — $ 2,221 $ — Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments $ 2,018 $ — $ 2,221 $ — Total derivative instruments $ 2,018 $ 17 $ 6,668 $ 144 The following table presents the pretax amounts related to derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges affecting accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts Commodity Swap Contracts Total Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ — $ (7,242) $ (7,242) Amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) — (984) (984) Amounts reclassified to earnings impacting: Cost of sales — 4,665 4,665 Balance as of June 30, 2023 $ — $ (3,561) $ (3,561) Balance as of December 31, 2021 $ 1,126 $ — $ 1,126 Amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) 545 (6,812) (6,267) Amounts reclassified to earnings impacting: Cost of sales (1,453) — (1,453) Balance as of June 30, 2022 $ 218 $ (6,812) $ (6,594) During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, we recognized unrealized gains of less than $0.1 million and unrealized losses of less than $0.1 million, respectively, within “Cost of sales” for amounts excluded from effectiveness testing for our foreign exchange forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges. The following table presents gains and losses related to derivative instruments not designated as hedges affecting our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income Three Months Ended Six Months Ended Income Statement Line Item 2023 2022 2023 2022 Foreign exchange forward contracts Cost of sales $ — $ 444 $ — $ 522 Foreign exchange forward contracts Foreign currency loss, net (9,418) 44,534 (14,101) 63,515 Foreign Currency Risk Cash Flow Exposure We expect certain of our subsidiaries to have future cash flows that will be denominated in currencies other than the subsidiaries’ functional currencies. Changes in the exchange rates between the functional currencies of our subsidiaries and the other currencies in which they transact will cause fluctuations in the cash flows we expect to receive or pay when these cash flows are realized or settled. Accordingly, from time to time we may enter into foreign exchange forward contracts to hedge a portion of these forecasted cash flows. These foreign exchange forward contracts qualify for accounting as cash flow hedges in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 815, and we designated them as such. We report unrealized gains or losses on such contracts in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” and subsequently reclassify applicable amounts into earnings when the hedged transaction occurs and impacts earnings. Transaction Exposure and Economic Hedging Many of our subsidiaries have assets and liabilities (primarily cash, receivables, deferred taxes, payables, accrued expenses, operating lease liabilities, long-term debt, and solar module collection and recycling liabilities) that are denominated in currencies other than the subsidiaries’ functional currencies. Changes in the exchange rates between the functional currencies of our subsidiaries and the other currencies in which these assets and liabilities are denominated will create fluctuations in our reported condensed consolidated statements of operations and cash flows. We may enter into foreign exchange forward contracts or other financial instruments to economically hedge assets and liabilities against the effects of currency exchange rate fluctuations. The gains and losses on such foreign exchange forward contracts will economically offset all or part of the transaction gains and losses that we recognize in earnings on the related foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities. We also enter into foreign exchange forward contracts to economically hedge balance sheet and other exposures related to transactions between certain of our subsidiaries and transactions with third parties. Such contracts are considered economic hedges and do not qualify for hedge accounting. Accordingly, we recognize gains or losses from the fluctuations in foreign exchange rates and the fair value of these derivative contracts in “Foreign currency loss, net” on our condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the notional values of our foreign exchange forward contracts that do not qualify for hedge accounting were as follows (notional amounts and U.S. dollar equivalents in millions): June 30, 2023 Transaction Currency Notional Amount USD Equivalent Sell Canadian dollar CAD 4.2 $3.2 Sell Chilean peso CLP 6,035.6 $7.6 Purchase Euro €69.4 $75.9 Sell Euro €27.5 $30.1 Sell Indian rupee INR 48,782.1 $594.7 Purchase Japanese yen ¥695.6 $4.8 Sell Japanese yen ¥563.6 $3.9 Purchase Malaysian ringgit MYR 176.0 $37.7 Sell Malaysian ringgit MYR 30.8 $6.6 Sell Mexican peso MXN 34.6 $2.0 Purchase Singapore dollar SGD 2.4 $1.8 Sell Singapore dollar SGD 14.7 $10.9 December 31, 2022 Transaction Currency Notional Amount USD Equivalent Sell Canadian dollar CAD 4.2 $3.1 Sell Chilean peso CLP 5,996.5 $7.0 Purchase Euro €160.2 $170.5 Sell Euro €38.4 $40.9 Sell Indian rupee INR 27,119.5 $327.4 Purchase Japanese yen ¥2,982.7 $22.4 Sell Japanese yen ¥8,950.3 $67.1 Purchase Malaysian ringgit MYR 99.8 $22.6 Sell Malaysian ringgit MYR 13.7 $3.1 Sell Mexican peso MXN 34.6 $1.8 Purchase Singapore dollar SGD 1.4 $1.0 Commodity Price Risk We use commodity swap contracts to mitigate our exposure to commodity price fluctuations for certain raw materials used in the production of our modules. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we entered into various commodity swap contracts to hedge a portion of our forecasted cash flows for purchases of aluminum frames between July 2022 and December 2023. Such swaps had an aggregate initial notional value based on metric tons of forecasted aluminum purchases, equivalent to $70.5 million, and entitle us to receive a three-month average London Metals Exchange price for aluminum while requiring us to pay certain fixed prices. The notional amount of the commodity swap contracts proportionately adjusts with forecasted purchases of aluminum frames. As of June 30, 2023, the notional value associated with these contracts was $6.6 million. These commodity swap contracts qualify for accounting as cash flow hedges in accordance with ASC 815, and we designated them as such. We report unrealized gains or losses on such contracts in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” and subsequently reclassify applicable amounts into earnings when the hedged transactions occur and impact earnings. We determined that these derivative financial instruments were highly effective as cash flow hedges as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. In the following 12 months, we expect to reclassify into earnings $3.6 million of net unrealized losses related to these commodity swap contracts that are included in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” at June 30, 2023 as we realize the earnings effects of the related forecasted transactions. The amount we ultimately record to earnings will depend on the actual commodity pricing when we realize the related forecasted transactions.

9. Leases

9. Leases	6 Months Ended
9. Leases	Jun. 30, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Lessee, Operating Leases	9. Leases Our lease arrangements include land associated with our corporate and administrative offices, land for our international manufacturing facilities, and certain of our manufacturing equipment. Such leases primarily relate to assets located in the United States, Malaysia, India, and Vietnam. The following table presents certain quantitative information related to our lease arrangements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, and as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): Three Months Ended Six Months Ended 2023 2022 2023 2022 Operating lease cost $ 3,014 $ 4,232 $ 5,951 $ 8,609 Variable lease cost 1,121 604 2,016 1,203 Short-term lease cost 98 221 168 252 Total lease cost $ 4,233 $ 5,057 $ 8,135 $ 10,064 Payments of amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities $ 5,721 $ 9,259 Lease assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities $ 1,080 $ 3,754 June 30, December 31, Operating lease assets $ 89,747 $ 93,185 Operating lease liabilities – current 9,693 9,193 Operating lease liabilities – noncurrent 36,194 40,589 Weighted-average remaining lease term 5 years 6 years Weighted-average discount rate 5.1 % 5.1 % As of June 30, 2023, the future payments associated with our lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands): Total Lease Liabilities Remainder of 2023 $ 5,814 2024 11,154 2025 10,033 2026 8,263 2027 5,776 2028 5,531 Thereafter 5,857 Total future payments 52,428 Less: interest (6,541) Total lease liabilities $ 45,887

10. Fair Value Measurements

10. Fair Value Measurements	6 Months Ended
10. Fair Value Measurements	Jun. 30, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair Value Measurements	10. Fair Value Measurements The following is a description of the valuation techniques that we use to measure the fair value of assets and liabilities that we measure and report at fair value on a recurring basis: • Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Equivalents. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, our cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents consisted of money market funds. We value our cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents using observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for securities with identical characteristics and classify the valuation techniques that use these inputs as Level 1. • Marketable Securities and Restricted Marketable Securities. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, our marketable securities consisted of foreign debt, U.S. debt, U.S. Treasury securities, and time deposits, and our restricted marketable securities consisted of foreign and U.S. government obligations, supranational debt, and U.S. debt. We value our marketable securities and restricted marketable securities using observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for securities with identical characteristics or quoted prices for securities with similar characteristics and other observable inputs (such as interest rates that are observable at commonly quoted intervals). Accordingly, we classify the valuation techniques that use these inputs as either Level 1 or Level 2 depending on the inputs used. We also consider the effect of our counterparties’ credit standing in these fair value measurements. • Derivative Assets and Liabilities . At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, our derivative assets and liabilities consisted of foreign exchange forward contracts involving major currencies and commodity swap contracts involving major commodity prices. Since our derivative assets and liabilities are not traded on an exchange, we value them using standard industry valuation models. As applicable, these models project future cash flows and discount the amounts to a present value using market-based observable inputs, including credit risk, foreign exchange rates, forward and spot prices for currencies, and forward prices for commodities. These inputs are observable in active markets over the contract term of the derivative instruments we hold, and accordingly, we classify the valuation techniques as Level 2. In evaluating credit risk, we consider the effect of our counterparties’ and our own credit standing in the fair value measurements of our derivative assets and liabilities, respectively. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair value measurements of our assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis were as follows (in thousands): Fair Value Measurements at Reporting June 30, Quoted Prices Significant Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Assets: Cash equivalents: Money market funds $ 3,278 $ 3,278 $ — $ — Restricted cash equivalents: Money market funds 3,194 3,194 — — Marketable securities: Foreign debt 34,615 — 34,615 — U.S. debt 43,770 — 43,770 — U.S. Treasury securities 846,102 846,102 — — Time deposits 129,557 129,557 — — Restricted marketable securities 194,650 — 194,650 — Derivative assets 1,146 — 1,146 — Total assets $ 1,256,312 $ 982,131 $ 274,181 $ — Liabilities: Derivative liabilities $ 12,875 $ — $ 12,875 $ — Fair Value Measurements at Reporting December 31, Quoted Prices Significant Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Assets: Cash equivalents: Money market funds $ 4,324 $ 4,324 $ — $ — Restricted cash equivalents: Money market funds 6,284 6,284 — — Marketable securities: Foreign debt 59,777 — 59,777 — U.S. debt 56,463 — 56,463 — Time deposits 980,472 980,472 — — Restricted marketable securities 182,070 — 182,070 — Derivative assets 2,035 — 2,035 — Total assets $ 1,291,425 $ 991,080 $ 300,345 $ — Liabilities: Derivative liabilities $ 6,812 $ — $ 6,812 $ — Fair Value of Financial Instruments At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying values and fair values of our financial instruments not measured at fair value were as follows (in thousands): June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Carrying Fair Carrying Fair Assets: Government grants receivable - noncurrent $ 225,121 $ 222,721 $ — $ — Accounts receivable unbilled, net - noncurrent 4,229 3,782 11,498 10,304 Accounts receivable trade, net - noncurrent — — 1,500 1,339 Liabilities: Long-term debt (1) $ 438,000 $ 390,648 $ 185,000 $ 160,986 —————————— (1) Excludes unamortized issuance costs. The carrying values in our condensed consolidated balance sheets of our current trade accounts receivable, current unbilled accounts receivable, restricted cash, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximated their fair values due to their nature and relatively short maturities; therefore, we excluded them from the foregoing table. The fair value measurements for our noncurrent unbilled accounts receivable, noncurrent trade accounts receivable, government grants receivable, and long-term debt are considered Level 2 measurements under the fair value hierarchy. Credit Risk We have certain financial and derivative instruments that subject us to credit risk. These consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, accounts receivable, restricted cash, restricted cash equivalents, restricted marketable securities, foreign exchange forward contracts, and commodity swap contracts. We are exposed to credit losses in the event of nonperformance by the counterparties to our financial and derivative instruments. We place these instruments with various high-quality financial institutions and limit the amount of credit risk from any one counterparty. We monitor the credit standing of our counterparty financial institutions. Our net sales are primarily concentrated among a limited number of customers. We monitor the financial condition of our customers and perform credit evaluations whenever considered necessary. We typically require some form of payment security from our customers, including, but not limited to, advance payments, parent guarantees, letters of credit, bank guarantees, or surety bonds.

11. Debt

11. Debt	6 Months Ended
11. Debt	Jun. 30, 2023
Debt Instruments [Abstract]
Debt	11. Debt Our long-term debt consisted of the following at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): Balance (USD) Loan Agreement Currency June 30, December 31, Revolving Credit Facility USD $ — $ — India Credit Facility USD 438,000 185,000 Long-term debt principal 438,000 185,000 Less: unamortized issuance costs (590) (651) Total long-term debt $ 437,410 $ 184,349 Revolving Credit Facility In June 2023, we entered into a credit agreement with several financial institutions as lenders and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent, which provides us with a senior secured credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) with an aggregate borrowing capacity of $1.0 billion. Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at a rate per annum equal to, at our option, (i) the Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“Term SOFR”), plus a credit spread of 0.10%, plus a margin that ranges from 1.25% to 2.25% or (ii) an alternate base rate as defined in the credit agreement, plus a margin that ranges from 0.25% to 1.25%. The margins under the Revolving Credit Facility are based on the Company’s net leverage ratio or, if the Company elects to switch to a credit ratings-based system after the investment grade ratings trigger date occurs (as defined in the credit agreement), margins are based on the Company’s public debt rating. In addition to paying interest on outstanding principal under the Revolving Credit Facility, we are required to pay an unused commitment fee that ranges from 0.125% to 0.375% per annum, based on the same factors discussed above and the daily unused commitments under the facility. We are also required to pay (i) a letter of credit fee based on the applicable margin for Term SOFR loans on the face amount of each letter of credit, (ii) a letter of credit fronting fee as agreed by the Company and such issuing lender, and (iii) other customary letter of credit fees. Our Revolving Credit Facility matures in June 2028. As of June 30, 2023, we had no borrowings or letters of credit under our Revolving Credit Facility. Loans and letters of credit issued under the Revolving Credit Facility are secured by liens on substantially all of the Company’s tangible and intangible assets. India Credit Facility In July 2022, FS India Solar Ventures Private Limited, our indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, entered into a finance agreement (the “India Credit Facility”) with the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation (“DFC”) for aggregate borrowings of up to $500.0 million for the development and construction of an approximately 3.4 GW solar module manufacturing facility in India. Principal on the India Credit Facility is payable in scheduled semi-annual installments beginning in the second half of 2024 through the facility’s expected maturity in August 2029. The India Credit Facility is guaranteed by First Solar, Inc. Interest Rate Risk As of June 30, 2023, our long-term debt borrowing rates were as follows: Loan Agreement Interest Rate Effective Interest Rate India Credit Facility U.S. Treasury Constant Maturity Yield plus 1.75% 5.34% Future Principal Payments At June 30, 2023, the future principal payments on our long-term debt were due as follows (in thousands): Total Debt Remainder of 2023 $ — 2024 31,054 2025 79,628 2026 79,629 2027 79,672 2028 79,716 Thereafter 88,301 Total long-term debt future principal payments $ 438,000

12. Commitments and Contingenci

12. Commitments and Contingencies	6 Months Ended
12. Commitments and Contingencies	Jun. 30, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	12. Commitments and Contingencies Commercial Commitments During the normal course of business, we enter into commercial commitments in the form of letters of credit and surety bonds to provide financial and performance assurance to third parties. As of June 30, 2023, the majority of these commercial commitments supported our modules business. As of June 30, 2023, the issued and outstanding amounts and available capacities under these commitments were as follows (in millions): Issued and Outstanding Available Capacity Revolving Credit Facility (1) $ — $ 250.0 Bilateral facilities (2) 126.5 119.0 Surety bonds 28.3 232.0 —————————— (1) Our Revolving Credit Facility provides us with a sub-limit of $250.0 million to issue letters of credit, at a fee based on the applicable margin for Term SOFR loans, a fronting fee, and other customary letter of credit fees. (2) Of the total letters of credit issued under the bilateral facilities, $8.9 million was secured with cash. Product Warranties When we recognize revenue for sales of modules or projects, we accrue liabilities for the estimated future costs of meeting our limited warranty obligations for both modules and the balance of the systems. We estimate our limited product warranty liability for power output and defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and service conditions based on return rates for each series of module technology. We make and revise these estimates based primarily on the number of solar modules under warranty installed at customer locations, our historical experience with and projections of warranty claims, and our estimated per-module replacement costs. We also monitor our expected future module performance through certain quality and reliability testing and actual performance in certain field installation sites. From time to time, we have taken remediation actions with respect to affected modules beyond our limited warranties and may elect to do so in the future, in which case we would incur additional expenses. Such potential voluntary future remediation actions beyond our limited warranty obligations may be material to our condensed consolidated statements of operations if we commit to any such remediation actions. Product warranty activities during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended Six Months Ended 2023 2022 2023 2022 Product warranty liability, beginning of period $ 33,315 $ 47,016 $ 33,787 $ 52,553 Accruals for new warranties issued 851 1,425 1,845 2,273 Settlements (1,867) (1,252) (3,193) (7,254) Changes in estimate of product warranty liability (330) (60) (470) (443) Product warranty liability, end of period $ 31,969 $ 47,129 $ 31,969 $ 47,129 Current portion of warranty liability $ 9,243 $ 11,553 $ 9,243 $ 11,553 Noncurrent portion of warranty liability $ 22,726 $ 35,576 $ 22,726 $ 35,576 Indemnifications In certain limited circumstances, we have provided indemnifications to customers or other parties under which we are contractually obligated to compensate such parties for losses they suffer resulting from a breach of a representation, warranty, or covenant; the resolution of specific matters associated with a project’s development or construction; or guarantees of a third party’s payment or performance obligations. For contracts that have such indemnification provisions, we initially recognize a liability under ASC 460 for the estimated premium that would be required by a guarantor to issue the same indemnity in a standalone arm’s-length transaction with an unrelated party. We may base these estimates on the cost of insurance or other instruments that cover the underlying risks being indemnified and may purchase such instruments to mitigate our exposure to potential indemnification payments. We subsequently measure such liabilities at the greater of the initially estimated premium or the contingent liability required to be recognized under ASC 450. We recognize any indemnification liabilities as a reduction of earnings associated with the related transaction. After an indemnification liability is recorded, we derecognize such amount pursuant to ASC 460 depending on the nature of the indemnity, which derecognition typically occurs upon expiration or settlement of the arrangement, and any contingent aspects of the indemnity are accounted for in accordance with ASC 450. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we accrued $2.5 million of current indemnification liabilities. As of June 30, 2023, the maximum potential amount of future payments under our indemnifications was $53.8 million, and we held insurance and other instruments allowing us to recover up to $27.3 million of potential amounts paid under the indemnifications. Contingent Consideration As part of our Evolar acquisition, we agreed to pay additional consideration of up to $42.5 million to the selling shareholders contingent upon the successful achievement of certain technical milestones. See Note 2. “Business Acquisitions” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion of this acquisition. As of June 30, 2023, we recorded $7.5 million of current liabilities and $11.0 million of long-term liabilities for such contingent obligations based on their estimated fair values. Solar Module Collection and Recycling Liability We previously established a module collection and recycling program, which has since been discontinued, to collect and recycle modules sold and covered under such program once the modules reach the end of their service lives. For legacy customer sales contracts that are covered under this program, we agreed to pay the costs for the collection and recycling of qualifying solar modules, and the end-users agreed to notify us, disassemble their solar power systems, package the solar modules for shipment, and revert ownership rights over the modules back to us at the end of the modules’ service lives. Accordingly, we recorded any collection and recycling obligations within “Cost of sales” at the time of sale based on the estimated cost to collect and recycle the covered solar modules. We estimate the cost of our collection and recycling obligations based on the present value of the expected future cost of collecting and recycling the solar modules, which includes estimates for the cost of packaging materials; the cost of freight from the solar module installation sites to a recycling center; material, labor, and capital costs; and by-product credits for certain materials recovered during the recycling process. We base these estimates on our experience collecting and recycling solar modules and certain assumptions regarding costs at the time the solar modules will be collected and recycled. In the periods between the time of sale and the related settlement of the collection and recycling obligation, we accrete the carrying amount of the associated liability and classify the corresponding expense within “Selling, general and administrative” expense on our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Our module collection and recycling liability was $132.1 million and $128.1 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. See Note 5. “Restricted Marketable Securities” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for more information about our arrangements for funding this liability. Legal Proceedings Class Action In January 2022, a putative class action lawsuit titled City of Pontiac General Employees’ Retirement System v. First Solar, Inc., et al., Case No. 2:22-cv-00036-MTL, was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Arizona (hereafter “Arizona District Court”) against the Company and certain of our current officers (collectively, “Putative Class Action Defendants”). The complaint was filed on behalf of a purported class consisting of all purchasers of First Solar common stock between February 22, 2019 and February 20, 2020, inclusive. The complaint asserts violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 based on allegedly false and misleading statements related to the Company’s Series 6 solar modules and its project development business. It seeks unspecified damages and an award of costs and expenses. On April 25, 2022, the Arizona District Court issued an order appointing the Palm Harbor Special Fire Control & Rescue District Firefighters’ Pension Plan and the Greater Pennsylvania Carpenters’ Pension Fund as Lead Plaintiffs. On June 23, 2022, Lead Plaintiffs filed an Amended Complaint that brought the same claims and sought the same relief as the original complaint. On January 10, 2023, the Court granted the Putative Class Action Defendants’ motion to dismiss in full, with leave to amend by February 10, 2023. On February 10, 2023, Lead Plaintiffs filed a Second Amended Complaint. Putative Class Action Defendants filed a motion to dismiss the Second Amended Complaint on February 24, 2023. Lead Plaintiffs filed their opposition to the motion to dismiss on March 10, 2023, and Putative Class Action Defendants filed a reply in support of their motion to dismiss on March 17, 2023. On June 23, 2023, the Court granted the Putative Class Action Defendants’ motion to dismiss with prejudice. On July 14, 2023, the Clerk of Court entered judgment in favor of the Putative Class Action Defendants. Lead Plaintiffs have the right to appeal the dismissal within 30 days after entry of the judgment or order. At this time, we are not in a position to assess the likelihood of any potential appeal. Derivative Action In September 2022, a derivative action titled Federman v. Widmar, et al., Case No. 2:22-cv-01541-JAT, was filed by a putative stockholder purportedly on behalf of the Company in the Arizona District Court against our current directors and certain officers of the Company (collectively, “Derivative Action Defendants”), alleging violations of Section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, breach of fiduciary duties, contribution and indemnification, aiding and abetting, and gross mismanagement. The complaint generally alleges that the Derivative Action Defendants caused or allowed false and misleading statements to be made concerning the Company’s Series 6 modules and project development business. The action includes claims for, among other things, damages in favor of the Company and an award of costs and expenses to the putative plaintiff stockholder, including attorneys’ fees. The Company believes that the plaintiff in the derivative action lacks standing to pursue litigation on behalf of First Solar. On February 17, 2023, the case was transferred to Judge Liburdi, who is also presiding over the related putative class action. On March 10, 2023, the plaintiff filed an Amended Complaint. On April 10, 2023, the Derivative Action Defendants filed a motion to dismiss the Amended Complaint. The plaintiff filed its opposition to the motion to dismiss on May 17, 2023, and the Derivative Action Defendants filed a reply in support of their motion to dismiss on June 17, 2023. Given the early stage of the litigation, at this time we are not in a position to assess the likelihood of any potential loss or adverse effect on our financial condition or to estimate the amount or range of possible loss, if any, from this action. Other Matters and Claims In July 2021, Southern Power Company and certain of its affiliates (“Southern”) filed an arbitration demand with the American Arbitration Association against two subsidiaries of the Company, alleging breach of the engineering, procurement, and construction (“EPC”) agreements for five projects in the United States, for which the Company’s subsidiaries served as the EPC contractor. The arbitration demand asserts breach of obligations to design and engineer the projects in accordance with the EPC agreements, particularly as such obligations relate to the procurement of tracker systems and inverters. The Company and its subsidiaries denied the claims, and defended the claims in arbitration hearings, which concluded in late February 2023. In May 2023, the parties submitted their final proposals of individual award claims to the arbitration panel. On July 19, 2023, the arbitration panel entered an interim award to Southern for $35.6 million. As a result, we accrued a loss for such interim award in our results of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The parties to the arbitration have until July 31, 2023 to raise additional issues with the arbitration panel, such as interest on the award and attorneys’ fees. If no such requests are made by July 31, 2023, the award will become final. The Company is evaluating the panel’s findings and considering what actions it may take in light of this decision. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we received several indemnification demands from certain customers, for whom we provided EPC services, regarding claims that such customers’ PV tracker systems infringe, in part, on patents owned by Rovshan Sade (“Sade”), the owner of a company called Trabant Solar, Inc. In January 2023, we were notified by two of our customers that Sade served them with patent infringement complaints, and we have assumed the defense of these claims. We have conducted due diligence on the patents and claims and believe that we will prevail in the actions. On April 28, 2023, we commenced an Inter Partes Review (“IPR”) before the United States Patent and Trademark Office seeking to invalidate such claims. Based upon that filing, we have also sought to stay the litigation proceedings pending the IPR process. Given the early stage of the litigation, at this time we are not in a position to assess the likelihood of any potential loss or adverse effect on our financial condition or to estimate the amount or range of possible loss, if any, from these actions. In April 2019, a subcontractor of First Solar sustained certain injuries while performing work at a former project site and, in May 2019, commenced legal action against a subsidiary of the Company. On June 28, 2023, a jury awarded damages of approximately $51.3 million to the plaintiff. Accordingly, as of June 30, 2023, we recorded a $51.3 million accrued litigation payable included in “Other current liabilities” in our condensed consolidated balance sheet. We believe the full amount of awarded damages will be covered by our various insurance policies. Accordingly, we also recorded a $51.3 million receivable included in “Other current assets” in our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2023. We, in conjunction with our insurance carriers, are exploring challenges to the verdict in either or both the trial court and an appellate court. We are party to other legal matters and claims in the normal course of our operations. While we believe the ultimate outcome of these matters and claims will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows, the outcome of such matters and claims is not determinable with certainty, and negative outcomes may adversely affect us.

13. Revenue from Contracts with

13. Revenue from Contracts with Customers	6 Months Ended
13. Revenue from Contracts with Customers	Jun. 30, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Revenue from Contracts with Customers [Text Block]	13. Revenue from Contracts with Customers The following table presents the disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 along with the reportable segment for each category (in thousands): Three Months Ended Six Months Ended Category Segment 2023 2022 2023 2022 Solar modules Modules $ 802,237 $ 607,445 $ 1,338,827 $ 962,326 Solar power systems Other 7,996 374 19,257 2,343 O&M services Other 441 4,180 893 8,077 Energy generation Other (1) 8,956 (18) 15,249 Net sales $ 810,673 $ 620,955 $ 1,358,959 $ 987,995 We recognize revenue for module sales at a point in time following the transfer of control of the modules to the customer, which typically occurs upon shipment or delivery depending on the terms of the underlying contracts. Such contracts may contain provisions that require us to make liquidated damage payments to the customer if we fail to ship or deliver modules by scheduled dates. For certain contracts, we may also be required to make liquidated damage payments if we fail to deliver modules that meet certain U.S. domestic content requirements. We recognize these liquidated damages as a reduction of revenue in the period we transfer control of the modules to the customer. We recognize revenue for sales of development projects or completed systems when we enter into the associated sales contract. For certain prior project sales, such revenue included estimated amounts of variable consideration. These estimates may require significant judgment to determine the most likely amount of net contract revenues. The cumulative effect of revisions to estimates is recorded in the period in which the revisions are identified and the amounts can be reasonably estimated. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 revenue increased $6.9 million and $12.3 million, respectively, due to adjustments to the estimated transaction prices for certain projects we previously sold, which represented 1.9% and 3.1%, respectively, of the aggregate revenue for such projects. The following table reflects the changes in our contract assets, which we classify as “Accounts receivable unbilled, net” and our contract liabilities, which we classify as “Deferred revenue,” for the six months ended June 30, 2023 (in thousands): June 30, December 31, Six Month Change Accounts receivable unbilled, net (1) $ 41,313 $ 42,152 $ (839) (2) % Deferred revenue $ 1,547,421 $ 1,207,940 $ 339,481 28 % —————————— (1) Includes $4.2 million and $11.5 million of noncurrent accounts receivable unbilled, net classified as “Other assets” on our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, our contract assets decreased by $0.8 million primarily due to billings for certain prior project sales, partially offset by unbilled receivables associated with variable consideration connected to certain prior project sales. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, our contract liabilities increased by $339.5 million primarily due to advance payments received for sales of solar modules in the current period, partially offset by the recognition of revenue for sales of solar modules for which payment was received in prior years. During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, we recognized revenue of $215.5 million and $114.4 million, respectively, that was included in the corresponding contract liability balance at the beginning of the periods. As of June 30, 2023, we had entered into contracts with customers for the future sale of 70.3 GW of solar modules for an aggregate transaction price of $20.8 billion, which we expect to recognize as revenue through 2029 as we transfer control of the modules to the customers. Such aggregate transaction price excludes estimates of variable consideration associated with (i) future module technology improvements, including enhancements to certain energy related attributes, (ii) sales freight in excess of a defined threshold, (iii) changes to certain commodity prices, and (iv) the module wattage committed for delivery, among other things. As a result, the revenue recognized from such contracts may increase or decrease in future periods relative to the original transaction price. These contracts may also be subject to amendments as agreed to by the parties to the contract. These amendments may increase or decrease the volume of modules to be sold under the contract, change delivery schedules, or otherwise adjust the expected revenue under these contracts.

14. Share-Based Compensation

14. Share-Based Compensation	6 Months Ended
14. Share-Based Compensation	Jun. 30, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Recognized Amount [Abstract]
Share-Based Compensation	14. Share-Based Compensation The following table presents share-based compensation expense recognized in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Three Months Ended Six Months Ended 2023 2022 2023 2022 Cost of sales $ 1,349 $ 446 $ 2,275 $ 944 Selling, general and administrative 5,981 4,754 10,763 7,328 Research and development 1,035 561 1,912 992 Production start-up 46 3 61 3 Total share-based compensation expense $ 8,411 $ 5,764 $ 15,011 $ 9,267 As of June 30, 2023, we had $47.3 million of unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to unvested restricted stock and performance units, which we expect to recognize over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.6 years. In March 2020, the compensation committee of our board of directors approved grants of performance units (“PUs”) for key executive officers to be earned over a multi-year performance period, which ended in December 2022. Vesting of the 2020 grants of PUs was contingent upon the relative attainment of target contracted revenue, module wattage, and return on capital metrics. In March 2023, the compensation committee certified the achievement of the vesting conditions applicable to the grants, which approximated the target level of performance. Accordingly, each participant received one share of common stock for each vested PU granted, net of any tax withholdings. In May 2021, the compensation committee approved additional grants of PUs for key executive officers. Such grants are expected to be earned over a multi-year performance period ending in December 2023. Vesting of the 2021 grants of PUs is contingent upon the relative attainment of target contracted revenue, cost per watt, incremental average selling price, and operating income metrics. In March 2022, the compensation committee approved additional grants of PUs for key executive officers. Such grants are expected to be earned over a multi-year performance period ending in December 2024. Vesting of the 2022 grants of PUs is contingent upon the relative attainment of target contracted revenue, cost per watt, and return on capital metrics. In March 2023, the compensation committee approved additional grants of PUs for key executive officers. Such grants are expected to be earned over a multi-year performance period ending in December 2025. Vesting of the 2023 grants of PUs is contingent upon the relative attainment of target contracted revenue, production, and operating margin metrics. Vesting of PUs is also contingent upon the employment of program participants through the applicable vesting dates, with limited exceptions in case of death, disability, a qualifying retirement, or a change-in-control of First Solar. Outstanding PUs are included in the computation of diluted net income per share based on the number of shares that would be issuable if the end of the reporting period were the end of the contingency period.

15. Income Taxes

15. Income Taxes	6 Months Ended
15. Income Taxes	Jun. 30, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	15. Income Taxes In August 2022, the U.S. President signed into law the IRA, which revised U.S. tax law by, among other things, including a new corporate alternative minimum tax of 15% on certain large corporations, imposing a 1% excise tax on stock buybacks, and providing various incentives to address climate change, including the introduction of the advanced manufacturing production credit. The provisions of the IRA are generally effective for tax years beginning after 2022. Given the complexities of the IRA, which is pending technical guidance and regulations from the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) and U.S. Treasury Department, we will continue to monitor these developments and evaluate the potential future impact to our results of operations. In November 2022, the U.S. Treasury Department released proposed foreign tax credit (“FTC”) regulations addressing various aspects of the U.S. FTC regime. Among other items, these proposed regulations provide certain exceptions for determining creditable foreign withholding taxes. Taxpayers may rely on these proposed regulations, which apply to tax years beginning on or after December 28, 2021. As a result of these proposed regulations, foreign withholding taxes will continue to be creditable. Our effective tax rate was 4.9% and 83.7% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decrease in our effective tax rate was primarily driven by higher prior period losses in certain jurisdictions for which no tax benefit could be recorded, the effect of the advanced manufacturing production credit described in Note 7. "Government Grants" to our condensed consolidated financial statements, a discrete tax expense in the prior period associated with the remeasurement of our net deferred tax assets in Vietnam, and the effect of tax law changes associated with the FTC regulations described above. Our provision for income taxes differed from the amount computed by applying the U.S. statutory federal income tax rate of 21% primarily due to the effect of tax law changes associated with the IRA described above and excess tax benefits associated with share-based compensation. Our Malaysian subsidiary has been granted a long-term tax holiday that expires in 2027. The tax holiday, which generally provides for a full exemption from Malaysian income tax, is conditional upon our continued compliance with certain employment and investment thresholds, which we are currently in compliance with and expect to continue to comply with through the expiration of the tax holiday in 2027. Our Vietnamese subsidiary had previously been granted a tax incentive that provided a two-year tax exemption, which began in 2020, and reduced annual tax rates through the end of 2025. In May 2022, our Vietnamese subsidiary was granted a new long-term tax incentive that provides an additional two-year tax exemption through 2023, followed by reduced annual tax rates of 5% through 2032 and 10% through 2036. Such long-term tax incentive is conditional upon our continued compliance with certain revenue and R&D spending thresholds, which we are currently in compliance with and expect to continue to comply with through the expiration of the tax holiday. We are subject to audit by federal, state, local, and foreign tax authorities. We are currently under examination in India, Chile, Singapore, and the states of California and South Carolina. We believe that adequate provisions have been made for any adjustments that may result from tax examinations. However, the outcome of tax examinations cannot be predicted with certainty. If any issues addressed by our tax examinations are not resolved in a manner consistent with our expectations, we could be required to adjust our provision for income taxes in the period such resolution occurs.

16. Net Income Per Share

16. Net Income Per Share	6 Months Ended
16. Net Income Per Share	Jun. 30, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net Income Per Share	16. Net Income per Share The calculation of basic and diluted net income per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts): Three Months Ended Six Months Ended 2023 2022 2023 2022 Basic net income per share Numerator: Net income $ 170,579 $ 55,805 $ 213,140 $ 12,550 Denominator: Weighted-average common shares outstanding 106,827 106,586 106,791 106,500 Diluted net income per share Denominator: Weighted-average common shares outstanding 106,827 106,586 106,791 106,500 Effect of restricted stock and performance units 451 470 465 465 Weighted-average shares used in computing diluted net income per share 107,278 107,056 107,256 106,965 Net income per share: Basic $ 1.60 $ 0.52 $ 2.00 $ 0.12 Diluted $ 1.59 $ 0.52 $ 1.99 $ 0.12 The following table summarizes the potential shares of common stock that were excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 as such shares would have had an anti-dilutive effect (in thousands): Three Months Ended Six Months Ended 2023 2022 2023 2022 Anti-dilutive shares — 45 24 45

17. Accumulated Other Comprehen

17. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	6 Months Ended
17. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	Jun. 30, 2023
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	17. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss The following table presents the changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, for the six months ended June 30, 2023 (in thousands): Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment Unrealized (Loss) Gain on Marketable Securities and Restricted Marketable Securities Unrealized (Loss) Gain on Derivative Instruments Total Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ (121,473) $ (64,780) $ (5,564) $ (191,817) Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications (2,557) 5,959 (984) 2,418 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss (136) 9 4,665 4,538 Net tax effect — (317) (873) (1,190) Net other comprehensive (loss) income (2,693) 5,651 2,808 5,766 Balance as of June 30, 2023 $ (124,166) $ (59,129) $ (2,756) $ (186,051) The following table presents the pretax amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Comprehensive Income Components Income Statement Line Item Three Months Ended Six Months Ended 2023 2022 2023 2022 Foreign currency translation adjustment: Foreign currency translation adjustment Cost of sales $ — $ — $ 146 $ — Foreign currency translation adjustment Gain on sales of businesses, net — 3,756 — 3,756 Foreign currency translation adjustment Other income (expense), net — 158 (10) 153 Total foreign currency translation adjustment — 3,914 136 3,909 Unrealized loss on marketable securities and restricted marketable securities Other income (expense), net (9) — (9) — Unrealized (loss) gain on derivative contracts: Foreign exchange forward contracts Cost of sales — 893 — 1,453 Commodity swap contracts Cost of sales (1,997) — (4,665) — Total unrealized (loss) gain on derivative contracts (1,997) 893 (4,665) 1,453 Total (loss) gain reclassified $ (2,006) $ 4,807 $ (4,538) $ 5,362

18. Segment Reporting

18. Segment Reporting	6 Months Ended
18. Segment Reporting	Jun. 30, 2023
Segment Reporting Information, Profit (Loss) [Abstract]
Segment Reporting	18. Segment Reporting Our primary segment is our modules business, which involves the design, manufacture, and sale of cadmium telluride (“CdTe”) solar modules, which convert sunlight into electricity. Third-party customers of our modules segment include developers and operators of systems, utilities, independent power producers, commercial and industrial companies, and other system owners. Our residual business operations include certain project development activities, O&M services, the results of operations from PV solar power systems we owned and operated in certain international regions, and the sale of such systems to third-party customers. See Note 19. “Segment and Geographical Information” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 for additional discussion of our segment reporting. The following tables provide a reconciliation of certain financial information for our reportable segment to information presented in our condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 and as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 Modules Other Total Modules Other Total Net sales $ 802,237 $ 8,436 $ 810,673 $ 607,445 $ 13,510 $ 620,955 Gross profit (loss) 301,917 8,503 310,420 31,167 (54,367) (23,200) Depreciation and amortization expense 72,587 2 72,589 57,810 2,355 60,165 Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 Modules Other Total Modules Other Total Net sales $ 1,338,827 $ 20,132 $ 1,358,959 $ 962,326 $ 25,669 $ 987,995 Gross profit (loss) 408,811 13,660 422,471 42,356 (54,093) (11,737) Depreciation and amortization expense 134,170 4 134,174 114,009 5,201 119,210 June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Modules Other Total Modules Other Total Goodwill $ 28,646 $ — $ 28,646 $ 14,462 $ — $ 14,462

Pay vs Performance Disclosure

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net income	$ 170,579	$ 55,805	$ 213,140	$ 12,550

Insider Trading Arrangements

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
Insider Trading Arrangements	Jun. 30, 2023 shares
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Material Terms of Trading Arrangement	From time to time, our directors and officers may adopt plans for the purchase or sale of our securities. Such plans may be designed to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act or may constitute non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements (as defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K). During the three months ended June 30, 2023, none of our officers or directors adopted or terminated non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements. However, certain officers of the Company adopted 10b5-1 trading plans for the sale of our securities. The following table provides certain terms of such plans: Name and Title of Officer Date of Adoption Duration of Arrangement Aggregate Number of Markus Gloeckler, Adopted May 15, 2023 Expires April 19, 2024 10,201 Chief Technology Officer Georges Antoun, Adopted May 15, 2023 Expires August 16, 2024 42,130 Chief Commercial Officer —————————— (1) Represents the gross number of shares subject to the Rule 10b5-1(c) plan, excluding the potential effect of shares withheld for taxes. Amounts related to PUs are presented at their target amounts. The actual number of PUs that vest following the end of the applicable performance period, if any, will depend on the relative attainment of the performance metrics.
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	true
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Markus Gloeckler [Member]
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Name	Markus Gloeckler,
Title	Chief Technology Officer
Adoption Date	Adopted May 15, 2023
Aggregate Available	10,201
Georges Antoun [Member]
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Name	Georges Antoun,
Title	Chief Commercial Officer
Adoption Date	Adopted May 15, 2023
Aggregate Available	42,130

4. Cash, Cash Equivalents and M

4. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Short-Term Investments [Abstract]
Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities	Cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities consisted of the following at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): June 30, December 31, Cash and cash equivalents: Cash $ 826,635 $ 1,476,945 Money market funds 3,278 4,324 Total cash and cash equivalents 829,913 1,481,269 Marketable securities: Foreign debt 34,615 59,777 U.S. debt 43,770 56,463 U.S. Treasury securities 846,102 — Time deposits 129,557 980,472 Total marketable securities 1,054,044 1,096,712 Total cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities $ 1,883,957 $ 2,577,981
Reconciliation of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash	The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents reported within our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 to the total of such amounts as presented in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands): Balance Sheet Line Item June 30, December 31, Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents $ 829,913 $ 1,481,269 Restricted cash – current Other current assets 8,262 3,175 Restricted cash – noncurrent Other assets 3,227 2,734 Restricted cash equivalents – noncurrent Other assets 3,194 6,284 Total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents $ 844,596 $ 1,493,462
Available-for-sale Marketable Securities	The following tables summarize the unrealized gains and losses related to our available-for-sale marketable securities, by major security type, as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): As of June 30, 2023 Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Allowance for Credit Losses Fair Foreign debt $ 35,000 $ — $ 371 $ 14 $ 34,615 U.S. debt 45,500 9 1,726 13 43,770 U.S. Treasury securities 845,980 122 — — 846,102 Time deposits 129,592 — — 35 129,557 Total $ 1,056,072 $ 131 $ 2,097 $ 62 $ 1,054,044 As of December 31, 2022 Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Allowance for Credit Losses Fair Foreign debt $ 59,940 $ — $ 140 $ 23 $ 59,777 U.S. debt 58,308 — 1,823 22 56,463 Time deposits 980,810 — — 338 980,472 Total $ 1,099,058 $ — $ 1,963 $ 383 $ 1,096,712
Available-for-sale Marketable Securities by Maturity	The contractual maturities of our marketable securities as of June 30, 2023 were as follows (in thousands): Fair One year or less $ 978,855 One year to two years 66,830 Two years to three years 4,454 Three years to four years — Four years to five years — More than five years 3,905 Total $ 1,054,044

5. Restricted Marketable Secu_2

5. Restricted Marketable Securities (Tables)	6 Months Ended
5. Restricted Marketable Securities (Tables)	Jun. 30, 2023
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Restricted [Abstract]
Schedule of Restricted Marketable Securities	Restricted marketable securities consisted of the following as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): June 30, December 31, Foreign government obligations $ 48,895 $ 46,886 Supranational debt 15,582 8,661 U.S. debt 112,169 109,328 U.S. government obligations 18,004 17,195 Total restricted marketable securities $ 194,650 $ 182,070
Restricted Available-for-sale Marketable Securities	The following tables summarize the unrealized gains and losses related to our restricted marketable securities, by major security type, as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): As of June 30, 2023 Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Allowance for Credit Losses Fair Foreign government obligations $ 64,909 $ — $ 16,004 $ 10 $ 48,895 Supranational debt 17,797 126 2,341 — 15,582 U.S. debt 147,391 — 35,194 28 112,169 U.S. government obligations 24,506 — 6,497 5 18,004 Total $ 254,603 $ 126 $ 60,036 $ 43 $ 194,650 As of December 31, 2022 Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Allowance for Credit Losses Fair Foreign government obligations $ 64,008 $ — $ 17,112 $ 10 $ 46,886 Supranational debt 11,146 — 2,485 — 8,661 U.S. debt 148,288 — 38,932 28 109,328 U.S. government obligations 24,551 — 7,352 4 17,195 Total $ 247,993 $ — $ 65,881 $ 42 $ 182,070

6. Consolidated Balance Sheet_2

6. Consolidated Balance Sheet Details (Tables)	6 Months Ended
6. Consolidated Balance Sheet Details (Tables)	Jun. 30, 2023
Balance Sheet Related Disclosures [Abstract]
Schedule of Accounts Receivable Trade, Net	Accounts receivable trade, net consisted of the following at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): June 30, December 31, Accounts receivable trade, gross $ 632,620 $ 325,379 Allowance for credit losses (1,285) (1,042) Accounts receivable trade, net $ 631,335 $ 324,337
Schedule of Inventories, Current and Noncurrent	Inventories consisted of the following at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): June 30, December 31, Raw materials $ 413,279 $ 397,912 Work in process 83,156 66,641 Finished goods 516,907 417,218 Inventories $ 1,013,342 $ 881,771 Inventories – current $ 756,173 $ 621,376 Inventories – noncurrent $ 257,169 $ 260,395
Schedule of Other Current Assets	Other current assets consisted of the following at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): June 30, December 31, Spare maintenance materials and parts $ 131,035 $ 114,428 Operating supplies 62,581 47,492 Prepaid expenses 53,300 43,262 Insurance receivable for accrued litigation (1) 51,300 — Prepaid income taxes 13,574 8,314 Restricted cash 8,262 3,175 Derivative instruments (2) 1,146 2,018 Other 30,983 18,384 Other current assets $ 352,181 $ 237,073 —————————— (1) See Note 12. “Commitments and Contingencies” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of our legal proceedings. (2) See Note 8. “Derivative Financial Instruments” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of our derivative instruments.
Schedule of Property, Plant and Equipment, Net	Property, plant and equipment, net consisted of the following at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): June 30, December 31, Land $ 35,335 $ 35,259 Buildings and improvements 1,020,969 893,049 Machinery and equipment 3,255,297 2,762,801 Office equipment and furniture 158,164 146,467 Leasehold improvements 40,080 40,160 Construction in progress 1,115,767 1,121,938 Property, plant and equipment, gross 5,625,612 4,999,674 Accumulated depreciation (1,605,434) (1,462,772) Property, plant and equipment, net $ 4,020,178 $ 3,536,902
Schedule of Other Assets	Other assets consisted of the following at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): June 30, December 31, Advance payments for raw materials $ 141,062 $ 91,260 Operating lease assets (1) 89,747 93,185 Income tax receivables 70,818 56,993 Project assets 27,870 30,108 Accounts receivable unbilled, net 4,229 11,498 Restricted cash 3,227 2,734 Restricted cash equivalents 3,194 6,284 Accounts receivable trade, net — 1,500 Other 73,856 62,630 Other assets $ 414,003 $ 356,192 —————————— (1) See Note 9. “Leases” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of our lease arrangements.
Schedule of Accrued Expenses	Accrued expenses consisted of the following at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): June 30, December 31, Accrued property, plant and equipment $ 104,740 $ 148,777 Accrued inventory 56,144 44,679 Accrued freight 44,938 77,136 Accrued compensation and benefits 30,304 47,939 Accrued other taxes 12,546 19,765 Product warranty liability (1) 9,243 10,660 Other 45,407 33,826 Accrued expenses $ 303,322 $ 382,782 —————————— (1) See Note 12. “Commitments and Contingencies” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of our “Product Warranties.”
Schedule of Other Current Liabilities	Other current liabilities consisted of the following at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): June 30, December 31, Accrued litigation (1) $ 86,890 $ — Derivative instruments (2) 12,875 6,668 Operating lease liabilities (3) 9,693 9,193 Contingent consideration (4) 7,500 — Other 5,202 5,384 Other current liabilities $ 122,160 $ 21,245 —————————— (1) See Note 12. “Commitments and Contingencies” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of our legal proceedings. (2) See Note 8. “Derivative Financial Instruments” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of our derivative instruments. (3) See Note 9. “Leases” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of our lease arrangements. (4) See Note 12. “Commitments and Contingencies” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of our contingent consideration arrangements.
Schedule of Other Liabilities	Other liabilities consisted of the following at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): June 30, December 31, Deferred tax liabilities, net $ 43,812 $ 28,929 Operating lease liabilities (1) 36,194 40,589 Product warranty liability (2) 22,726 23,127 Contingent consideration (3) 11,000 — Other 26,521 27,292 Other liabilities $ 140,253 $ 119,937 —————————— (1) See Note 9. “Leases” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of our lease arrangements. (2) See Note 12. “Commitments and Contingencies” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of our “Product Warranties.” (3) See Note 12. “Commitments and Contingencies” to our condensed consolidated financial statements for discussion of our contingent consideration arrangements.

7. Government Grants (Tables)

7. Government Grants (Tables)	3 Months Ended
7. Government Grants (Tables)	Jun. 30, 2023
Government Assistance [Abstract]
Schedule of Benefits Recognized From Income-Based Government Grants	The following table presents the benefits recognized from income-based government grants in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Three Months Ended Six Months Ended Income Statement Line Item 2023 2022 2023 2022 Cost of sales $ 155,007 $ — $ 225,121 $ —

8. Derivative Financial Instr_2

8. Derivative Financial Instruments (Tables)	6 Months Ended
8. Derivative Financial Instruments (Tables)	Jun. 30, 2023
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Derivative Instruments in Statement of Financial Position, Fair Value [Table Text Block]	The following tables present the fair values of derivative instruments included in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): June 30, 2023 Other Current Assets Other Current Liabilities Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: Commodity swap contracts $ — $ 2,649 Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments $ — $ 2,649 Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: Foreign exchange forward contracts $ 1,146 $ 10,226 Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments $ 1,146 $ 10,226 Total derivative instruments $ 1,146 $ 12,875 December 31, 2022 Other Current Assets Other Assets Other Current Liabilities Other Liabilities Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: Commodity swap contracts $ — $ 17 $ 4,447 $ 144 Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments $ — $ 17 $ 4,447 $ 144 Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: Foreign exchange forward contracts $ 2,018 $ — $ 2,221 $ — Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments $ 2,018 $ — $ 2,221 $ — Total derivative instruments $ 2,018 $ 17 $ 6,668 $ 144
Schedule of Derivative Instruments, Effect on Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Table Text Block]	The following table presents the pretax amounts related to derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges affecting accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts Commodity Swap Contracts Total Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ — $ (7,242) $ (7,242) Amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) — (984) (984) Amounts reclassified to earnings impacting: Cost of sales — 4,665 4,665 Balance as of June 30, 2023 $ — $ (3,561) $ (3,561) Balance as of December 31, 2021 $ 1,126 $ — $ 1,126 Amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) 545 (6,812) (6,267) Amounts reclassified to earnings impacting: Cost of sales (1,453) — (1,453) Balance as of June 30, 2022 $ 218 $ (6,812) $ (6,594)
Schedule of Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Table Text Block]	The following table presents gains and losses related to derivative instruments not designated as hedges affecting our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income Three Months Ended Six Months Ended Income Statement Line Item 2023 2022 2023 2022 Foreign exchange forward contracts Cost of sales $ — $ 444 $ — $ 522 Foreign exchange forward contracts Foreign currency loss, net (9,418) 44,534 (14,101) 63,515
Schedule of Notional Value of Foreign Exchange Forward Derivatives [Table Text Block]	As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the notional values of our foreign exchange forward contracts that do not qualify for hedge accounting were as follows (notional amounts and U.S. dollar equivalents in millions): June 30, 2023 Transaction Currency Notional Amount USD Equivalent Sell Canadian dollar CAD 4.2 $3.2 Sell Chilean peso CLP 6,035.6 $7.6 Purchase Euro €69.4 $75.9 Sell Euro €27.5 $30.1 Sell Indian rupee INR 48,782.1 $594.7 Purchase Japanese yen ¥695.6 $4.8 Sell Japanese yen ¥563.6 $3.9 Purchase Malaysian ringgit MYR 176.0 $37.7 Sell Malaysian ringgit MYR 30.8 $6.6 Sell Mexican peso MXN 34.6 $2.0 Purchase Singapore dollar SGD 2.4 $1.8 Sell Singapore dollar SGD 14.7 $10.9 December 31, 2022 Transaction Currency Notional Amount USD Equivalent Sell Canadian dollar CAD 4.2 $3.1 Sell Chilean peso CLP 5,996.5 $7.0 Purchase Euro €160.2 $170.5 Sell Euro €38.4 $40.9 Sell Indian rupee INR 27,119.5 $327.4 Purchase Japanese yen ¥2,982.7 $22.4 Sell Japanese yen ¥8,950.3 $67.1 Purchase Malaysian ringgit MYR 99.8 $22.6 Sell Malaysian ringgit MYR 13.7 $3.1 Sell Mexican peso MXN 34.6 $1.8 Purchase Singapore dollar SGD 1.4 $1.0

9. Leases (Tables)

9. Leases (Tables)	6 Months Ended
9. Leases (Tables)	Jun. 30, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Schedule of operating lease cost and related information	The following table presents certain quantitative information related to our lease arrangements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, and as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): Three Months Ended Six Months Ended 2023 2022 2023 2022 Operating lease cost $ 3,014 $ 4,232 $ 5,951 $ 8,609 Variable lease cost 1,121 604 2,016 1,203 Short-term lease cost 98 221 168 252 Total lease cost $ 4,233 $ 5,057 $ 8,135 $ 10,064 Payments of amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities $ 5,721 $ 9,259 Lease assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities $ 1,080 $ 3,754 June 30, December 31, Operating lease assets $ 89,747 $ 93,185 Operating lease liabilities – current 9,693 9,193 Operating lease liabilities – noncurrent 36,194 40,589 Weighted-average remaining lease term 5 years 6 years Weighted-average discount rate 5.1 % 5.1 %
Operating lease liability maturity	As of June 30, 2023, the future payments associated with our lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands): Total Lease Liabilities Remainder of 2023 $ 5,814 2024 11,154 2025 10,033 2026 8,263 2027 5,776 2028 5,531 Thereafter 5,857 Total future payments 52,428 Less: interest (6,541) Total lease liabilities $ 45,887

10. Fair Value Measurements (Ta

10. Fair Value Measurements (Tables)	6 Months Ended
10. Fair Value Measurements (Tables)	Jun. 30, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair value of assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis	At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair value measurements of our assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis were as follows (in thousands): Fair Value Measurements at Reporting June 30, Quoted Prices Significant Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Assets: Cash equivalents: Money market funds $ 3,278 $ 3,278 $ — $ — Restricted cash equivalents: Money market funds 3,194 3,194 — — Marketable securities: Foreign debt 34,615 — 34,615 — U.S. debt 43,770 — 43,770 — U.S. Treasury securities 846,102 846,102 — — Time deposits 129,557 129,557 — — Restricted marketable securities 194,650 — 194,650 — Derivative assets 1,146 — 1,146 — Total assets $ 1,256,312 $ 982,131 $ 274,181 $ — Liabilities: Derivative liabilities $ 12,875 $ — $ 12,875 $ — Fair Value Measurements at Reporting December 31, Quoted Prices Significant Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Assets: Cash equivalents: Money market funds $ 4,324 $ 4,324 $ — $ — Restricted cash equivalents: Money market funds 6,284 6,284 — — Marketable securities: Foreign debt 59,777 — 59,777 — U.S. debt 56,463 — 56,463 — Time deposits 980,472 980,472 — — Restricted marketable securities 182,070 — 182,070 — Derivative assets 2,035 — 2,035 — Total assets $ 1,291,425 $ 991,080 $ 300,345 $ — Liabilities: Derivative liabilities $ 6,812 $ — $ 6,812 $ —
Carrying value and fair value of financial instruments not measured at fair value	At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying values and fair values of our financial instruments not measured at fair value were as follows (in thousands): June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Carrying Fair Carrying Fair Assets: Government grants receivable - noncurrent $ 225,121 $ 222,721 $ — $ — Accounts receivable unbilled, net - noncurrent 4,229 3,782 11,498 10,304 Accounts receivable trade, net - noncurrent — — 1,500 1,339 Liabilities: Long-term debt (1) $ 438,000 $ 390,648 $ 185,000 $ 160,986 —————————— (1) Excludes unamortized issuance costs.

11. Debt (Tables)

11. Debt (Tables)	6 Months Ended
11. Debt (Tables)	Jun. 30, 2023
Debt Instruments [Abstract]
Schedule of Long-term Debt Instruments	Our long-term debt consisted of the following at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): Balance (USD) Loan Agreement Currency June 30, December 31, Revolving Credit Facility USD $ — $ — India Credit Facility USD 438,000 185,000 Long-term debt principal 438,000 185,000 Less: unamortized issuance costs (590) (651) Total long-term debt $ 437,410 $ 184,349
Schedule of Borrowing Rate on Debt	As of June 30, 2023, our long-term debt borrowing rates were as follows: Loan Agreement Interest Rate Effective Interest Rate India Credit Facility U.S. Treasury Constant Maturity Yield plus 1.75% 5.34%
Schedule of Maturities of Long-term Debt	At June 30, 2023, the future principal payments on our long-term debt were due as follows (in thousands): Total Debt Remainder of 2023 $ — 2024 31,054 2025 79,628 2026 79,629 2027 79,672 2028 79,716 Thereafter 88,301 Total long-term debt future principal payments $ 438,000

12. Commitments and Contingen_2

12. Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)	6 Months Ended
12. Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)	Jun. 30, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Line of Credit Facilities	As of June 30, 2023, the issued and outstanding amounts and available capacities under these commitments were as follows (in millions): Issued and Outstanding Available Capacity Revolving Credit Facility (1) $ — $ 250.0 Bilateral facilities (2) 126.5 119.0 Surety bonds 28.3 232.0 —————————— (1) Our Revolving Credit Facility provides us with a sub-limit of $250.0 million to issue letters of credit, at a fee based on the applicable margin for Term SOFR loans, a fronting fee, and other customary letter of credit fees. (2) Of the total letters of credit issued under the bilateral facilities, $8.9 million was secured with cash.
Schedule of Product Warranty Liability	Product warranty activities during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended Six Months Ended 2023 2022 2023 2022 Product warranty liability, beginning of period $ 33,315 $ 47,016 $ 33,787 $ 52,553 Accruals for new warranties issued 851 1,425 1,845 2,273 Settlements (1,867) (1,252) (3,193) (7,254) Changes in estimate of product warranty liability (330) (60) (470) (443) Product warranty liability, end of period $ 31,969 $ 47,129 $ 31,969 $ 47,129 Current portion of warranty liability $ 9,243 $ 11,553 $ 9,243 $ 11,553 Noncurrent portion of warranty liability $ 22,726 $ 35,576 $ 22,726 $ 35,576

13. Revenue from Contracts wi_2

13. Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Tables)	6 Months Ended
13. Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Tables)	Jun. 30, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Disaggregation of Revenue, by Type of Revenue [Table Text Block]	The following table presents the disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 along with the reportable segment for each category (in thousands): Three Months Ended Six Months Ended Category Segment 2023 2022 2023 2022 Solar modules Modules $ 802,237 $ 607,445 $ 1,338,827 $ 962,326 Solar power systems Other 7,996 374 19,257 2,343 O&M services Other 441 4,180 893 8,077 Energy generation Other (1) 8,956 (18) 15,249 Net sales $ 810,673 $ 620,955 $ 1,358,959 $ 987,995
Changes in Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities [Table Text Block]	The following table reflects the changes in our contract assets, which we classify as “Accounts receivable unbilled, net” and our contract liabilities, which we classify as “Deferred revenue,” for the six months ended June 30, 2023 (in thousands): June 30, December 31, Six Month Change Accounts receivable unbilled, net (1) $ 41,313 $ 42,152 $ (839) (2) % Deferred revenue $ 1,547,421 $ 1,207,940 $ 339,481 28 % —————————— (1) Includes $4.2 million and $11.5 million of noncurrent accounts receivable unbilled, net classified as “Other assets” on our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

14. Share-Based Compensation (T

14. Share-Based Compensation (Tables)	6 Months Ended
14. Share-Based Compensation (Tables)	Jun. 30, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Recognized Amount [Abstract]
Schedule of Share-Based Compensation Expense Recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	The following table presents share-based compensation expense recognized in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Three Months Ended Six Months Ended 2023 2022 2023 2022 Cost of sales $ 1,349 $ 446 $ 2,275 $ 944 Selling, general and administrative 5,981 4,754 10,763 7,328 Research and development 1,035 561 1,912 992 Production start-up 46 3 61 3 Total share-based compensation expense $ 8,411 $ 5,764 $ 15,011 $ 9,267

16. Net Income Per Share (Table

16. Net Income Per Share (Tables)	6 Months Ended
16. Net Income Per Share (Tables)	Jun. 30, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Schedule of Net Income per Share, Basic and Diluted	The calculation of basic and diluted net income per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts): Three Months Ended Six Months Ended 2023 2022 2023 2022 Basic net income per share Numerator: Net income $ 170,579 $ 55,805 $ 213,140 $ 12,550 Denominator: Weighted-average common shares outstanding 106,827 106,586 106,791 106,500 Diluted net income per share Denominator: Weighted-average common shares outstanding 106,827 106,586 106,791 106,500 Effect of restricted stock and performance units 451 470 465 465 Weighted-average shares used in computing diluted net income per share 107,278 107,056 107,256 106,965 Net income per share: Basic $ 1.60 $ 0.52 $ 2.00 $ 0.12 Diluted $ 1.59 $ 0.52 $ 1.99 $ 0.12
Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Net Income per Share	The following table summarizes the potential shares of common stock that were excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 as such shares would have had an anti-dilutive effect (in thousands): Three Months Ended Six Months Ended 2023 2022 2023 2022 Anti-dilutive shares — 45 24 45

17. Accumulated Other Compreh_2

17. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Tables)	6 Months Ended
17. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Tables)	Jun. 30, 2023
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]
Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, net of tax	The following table presents the changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, for the six months ended June 30, 2023 (in thousands): Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment Unrealized (Loss) Gain on Marketable Securities and Restricted Marketable Securities Unrealized (Loss) Gain on Derivative Instruments Total Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ (121,473) $ (64,780) $ (5,564) $ (191,817) Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications (2,557) 5,959 (984) 2,418 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss (136) 9 4,665 4,538 Net tax effect — (317) (873) (1,190) Net other comprehensive (loss) income (2,693) 5,651 2,808 5,766 Balance as of June 30, 2023 $ (124,166) $ (59,129) $ (2,756) $ (186,051)
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	The following table presents the pretax amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Comprehensive Income Components Income Statement Line Item Three Months Ended Six Months Ended 2023 2022 2023 2022 Foreign currency translation adjustment: Foreign currency translation adjustment Cost of sales $ — $ — $ 146 $ — Foreign currency translation adjustment Gain on sales of businesses, net — 3,756 — 3,756 Foreign currency translation adjustment Other income (expense), net — 158 (10) 153 Total foreign currency translation adjustment — 3,914 136 3,909 Unrealized loss on marketable securities and restricted marketable securities Other income (expense), net (9) — (9) — Unrealized (loss) gain on derivative contracts: Foreign exchange forward contracts Cost of sales — 893 — 1,453 Commodity swap contracts Cost of sales (1,997) — (4,665) — Total unrealized (loss) gain on derivative contracts (1,997) 893 (4,665) 1,453 Total (loss) gain reclassified $ (2,006) $ 4,807 $ (4,538) $ 5,362

18. Segment Reporting (Tables)

18. Segment Reporting (Tables)	6 Months Ended
18. Segment Reporting (Tables)	Jun. 30, 2023
Segment Reporting Information, Profit (Loss) [Abstract]
Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment	The following tables provide a reconciliation of certain financial information for our reportable segment to information presented in our condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 and as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 Modules Other Total Modules Other Total Net sales $ 802,237 $ 8,436 $ 810,673 $ 607,445 $ 13,510 $ 620,955 Gross profit (loss) 301,917 8,503 310,420 31,167 (54,367) (23,200) Depreciation and amortization expense 72,587 2 72,589 57,810 2,355 60,165 Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 Modules Other Total Modules Other Total Net sales $ 1,338,827 $ 20,132 $ 1,358,959 $ 962,326 $ 25,669 $ 987,995 Gross profit (loss) 408,811 13,660 422,471 42,356 (54,093) (11,737) Depreciation and amortization expense 134,170 4 134,174 114,009 5,201 119,210 June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Modules Other Total Modules Other Total Goodwill $ 28,646 $ — $ 28,646 $ 14,462 $ — $ 14,462

2. Business Acquisitions (Detai

2. Business Acquisitions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
2. Business Acquisitions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	May 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired		$ 35,540	$ 0
Evolar AB
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business Acquisition, Percentage of Voting Interests Acquired	100%
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	$ 35,500
Cash Acquired from Acquisition	500
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration Arrangements, Range of Outcomes, Value, High	42,500	$ 42,500
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration, Liability	18,500
Goodwill from acquisition	15,000
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Deferred Tax Liabilities	9,200
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Property, Plant, and Equipment	2,000
Evolar AB \| In-Process Research and Development
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets	$ 47,000

3. Sales of Businesses (Details

3. Sales of Businesses (Details) $ in Thousands, ¥ in Billions	3 Months Ended			6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022 JPY (¥)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Gain on sales of businesses, net	$ 135	$ 245,381		$ 118	$ 247,288
Japan Project Development Business
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Purchase price, sale of business		488,400	¥ 66.4
Proceeds from sales of businesses		324,500	44.1
Cash and restricted cash sold		61,900	¥ 8.4
Gain on sales of businesses, net		$ 245,400
Chilean O&M Operations
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Proceeds from sales of businesses					1,900
Gain on sales of businesses, net					$ 1,600

4. Cash, Cash Equivalents, an_2

4. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 829,913	$ 1,481,269
Marketable securities	1,054,044	1,096,712
Total cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities	1,883,957	2,577,981
Restricted cash - current	8,262	3,175
Restricted cash - noncurrent	3,227	2,734
Restricted cash equivalents - noncurrent	3,194	6,284
Total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents	844,596	1,493,462	$ 1,708,853	$ 1,455,837
Marketable Securities, Sale Proceeds	34,900
Marketable Securities, Realized Loss	(100)
Foreign debt [Member]
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Marketable securities	34,615	59,777
U.S. debt [Member]
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Marketable securities	43,770	56,463
U.S. Treasury securities [Member]
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Marketable securities	846,102	0
Time deposits [Member]
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Marketable securities	129,557	980,472
Cash [Member]
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	826,635	1,476,945
Money market funds [Member]
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 3,278	$ 4,324

4. Cash, Cash Equivalents, an_3

4. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities (Details) - Available For Sale - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost	$ 1,056,072	$ 1,099,058
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	131	0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	2,097	1,963
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Allowance for Credit Loss	62	383
Marketable securities	1,054,044	1,096,712
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, Rolling Maturity, Fair Value [Abstract]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Maturity, Rolling within One Year	978,855
Debt securities, Available-for-sale, Debt Maturities, Rolling Year One Through Two	66,830
Debt securities, Available-for-sale, Debt Maturities, Rolling Year Two Through Three	4,454
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Maturities, Rolling Year Three Through Four	0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Maturities, Rolling Year Four Through Five	0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Maturities, Rolling Year More Than Five	3,905
Foreign debt [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost	35,000	59,940
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	0	0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	371	140
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Allowance for Credit Loss	14	23
Marketable securities	34,615	59,777
U.S. debt [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost	45,500	58,308
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	9	0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	1,726	1,823
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Allowance for Credit Loss	13	22
Marketable securities	43,770	56,463
U.S. Treasury securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost	845,980
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	122
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	0
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Allowance for Credit Loss	0
Marketable securities	846,102	0
Time deposits [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost	129,592	980,810
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	0	0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	0	0
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Allowance for Credit Loss	35	338
Marketable securities	$ 129,557	$ 980,472

5. Restricted Marketable Secu_3

5. Restricted Marketable Securities (Details) - Restricted Marketable Securities - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Restricted marketable securities	$ 194,650	$ 182,070
Product minimum service life	25 years
Restricted Debt Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Restricted marketable securities	$ 194,650	182,070
Cash Held In Trust [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Restricted cash and cash equivalents - noncurrent	3,200	6,700
Foreign government obligations [Member] \| Restricted Debt Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Restricted marketable securities	48,895	46,886
Supranational debt [Member] \| Restricted Debt Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Restricted marketable securities	15,582	8,661
U.S. debt [Member] \| Restricted Debt Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Restricted marketable securities	112,169	109,328
U.S. government obligations [Member] \| Restricted Debt Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Restricted marketable securities	$ 18,004	$ 17,195

5. Restricted Marketable Secu_4

5. Restricted Marketable Securities (Details) - Available for sale - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost	$ 1,056,072	$ 1,099,058
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	131	0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	2,097	1,963
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Allowance for Credit Loss	62	383
Restricted marketable securities	194,650	182,070
Restricted Debt Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost	254,603	247,993
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	126	0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	60,036	65,881
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Allowance for Credit Loss	43	42
Restricted marketable securities	$ 194,650	182,070
Minimum [Member] \| Restricted Debt Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Contractual maturities of Debt securities, Available-for-sale, range start (in years)	8 years
Maximum [Member] \| Restricted Debt Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Contractual Maturities Of Debt securities, Available-for-sale, Range End (In Years)	16 years
Foreign government obligations [Member] \| Restricted Debt Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost	$ 64,909	64,008
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	0	0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	16,004	17,112
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Allowance for Credit Loss	10	10
Restricted marketable securities	48,895	46,886
Supranational debt [Member] \| Restricted Debt Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost	17,797	11,146
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	126	0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	2,341	2,485
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Allowance for Credit Loss	0	0
Restricted marketable securities	15,582	8,661
U.S. debt [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost	45,500	58,308
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	9	0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	1,726	1,823
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Allowance for Credit Loss	13	22
U.S. debt [Member] \| Restricted Debt Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost	147,391	148,288
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	0	0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	35,194	38,932
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Allowance for Credit Loss	28	28
Restricted marketable securities	112,169	109,328
U.S. government obligations [Member] \| Restricted Debt Securities [Member]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost	24,506	24,551
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	0	0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	6,497	7,352
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Allowance for Credit Loss	5	4
Restricted marketable securities	$ 18,004	$ 17,195

6. Consolidated Balance Sheet_3

6. Consolidated Balance Sheet Details (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounts receivable trade
Accounts receivable trade, gross	$ 632,620		$ 632,620		$ 325,379
Accounts receivable trade, Allowance for credit losses	(1,285)		(1,285)		(1,042)
Accounts receivable trade, net	631,335		631,335		324,337
Inventories
Raw materials	413,279		413,279		397,912
Work in process	83,156		83,156		66,641
Finished goods	516,907		516,907		417,218
Inventories	1,013,342		1,013,342		881,771
Inventories - current	756,173		756,173		621,376
Inventories - noncurrent	257,169		257,169		260,395
Other current assets
Spare maintenance materials and parts	131,035		131,035		114,428
Operating supplies	62,581		62,581		47,492
Prepaid expenses	53,300		53,300		43,262
Insurance receivable for accrued litigation	51,300		51,300		0
Prepaid income taxes	13,574		13,574		8,314
Restricted cash	8,262		8,262		3,175
Derivative instruments	1,146		1,146		2,018
Other	30,983		30,983		18,384
Other current assets	352,181		352,181		237,073
Property, plant and equipment, net
Property, plant and equipment, gross	5,625,612		5,625,612		4,999,674
Accumulated depreciation	(1,605,434)		(1,605,434)		(1,462,772)
Property, plant and equipment, net	4,020,178		4,020,178		3,536,902
Other assets
Advance payments for raw materials	141,062		141,062		91,260
Operating lease assets	89,747		89,747		93,185
Income tax receivables, noncurrent	70,818		70,818		56,993
Project assets	27,870		27,870		30,108
Accounts receivable unbilled, net - noncurrent	4,229		4,229		11,498
Restricted cash - noncurrent	3,227		3,227		2,734
Restricted cash equivalents - noncurrent	3,194		3,194		6,284
Accounts receivable trade, net - noncurrent	0		0		1,500
Other	73,856		73,856		62,630
Other assets	414,003		414,003		356,192
Accrued expenses
Accrued property, plant and equipment	104,740		104,740		148,777
Accrued inventory	56,144		56,144		44,679
Accrued freight	44,938		44,938		77,136
Accrued compensation and benefits	30,304		30,304		47,939
Accrued other taxes	12,546		12,546		19,765
Product warranty liability	9,243		9,243		10,660
Other	45,407		45,407		33,826
Accrued expenses	303,322		303,322		382,782
Other current liabilities
Accrued litigation	86,890		86,890		0
Derivative instruments	12,875		12,875		6,668
Operating lease liabilities, current	9,693		9,693		9,193
Contingent consideration, current	7,500		7,500		0
Other	5,202		5,202		5,384
Other current liabilities	122,160		122,160		21,245
Other liabilities
Deferred income tax liabilities, net	43,812		43,812		28,929
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent	36,194		36,194		40,589
Product warranty liability	22,726		22,726		23,127
Contingent consideration, noncurrent	11,000		11,000		0
Other	26,521		26,521		27,292
Other liabilities	140,253		140,253		119,937
Property, Plant and Equipment [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, net
Depreciation	76,900	$ 60,000	142,800	$ 118,600
Land [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, net
Property, plant and equipment, gross	35,335		35,335		35,259
Buildings and improvements [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, net
Property, plant and equipment, gross	1,020,969		1,020,969		893,049
Machinery and equipment [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, net
Property, plant and equipment, gross	3,255,297		3,255,297		2,762,801
Office equipment and furniture [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, net
Property, plant and equipment, gross	158,164		158,164		146,467
Leasehold improvements [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, net
Property, plant and equipment, gross	40,080		40,080		40,160
Construction in progress [Member]
Property, plant and equipment, net
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 1,115,767		$ 1,115,767		$ 1,121,938

7. Government Grants (Details)

7. Government Grants (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
7. Government Grants (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Government Assistance [Line Items]
Government Grants, Amount	$ 155,007	$ 0	$ 225,121	$ 0
Government Assistance, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Cost of sales	Cost of sales	Cost of sales	Cost of sales

8. Derivative Financial Instr_3

8. Derivative Financial Instruments (Details) - Summary - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Other Current Assets
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Assets (Liabilities), at Fair Value, Net	$ 1,146	$ 2,018
Other Current Assets \| Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Gross Asset	0	0
Other Current Assets \| Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Gross Asset	1,146	2,018
Other Assets
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Assets (Liabilities), at Fair Value, Net		17
Other Assets \| Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Gross Asset		17
Other Assets \| Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Gross Asset		0
Other Current Liabilities
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Assets (Liabilities), at Fair Value, Net	(12,875)	(6,668)
Other Current Liabilities \| Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Liability, Fair Value, Gross Liability	2,649	4,447
Other Current Liabilities \| Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Liability, Fair Value, Gross Liability	10,226	2,221
Other Liabilities
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Assets (Liabilities), at Fair Value, Net		(144)
Other Liabilities \| Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Liability, Fair Value, Gross Liability		144
Other Liabilities \| Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Liability, Fair Value, Gross Liability		0
Commodity swap contracts \| Other Current Assets \| Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Gross Asset	0	0
Commodity swap contracts \| Other Assets \| Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Gross Asset		17
Commodity swap contracts \| Other Current Liabilities \| Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Liability, Fair Value, Gross Liability	2,649	4,447
Commodity swap contracts \| Other Liabilities \| Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Liability, Fair Value, Gross Liability		144
Foreign exchange forward contracts \| Other Current Assets \| Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Gross Asset	1,146	2,018
Foreign exchange forward contracts \| Other Assets \| Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Gross Asset		0
Foreign exchange forward contracts \| Other Current Liabilities \| Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Liability, Fair Value, Gross Liability	$ 10,226	2,221
Foreign exchange forward contracts \| Other Liabilities \| Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative Liability, Fair Value, Gross Liability		$ 0

8. Derivative Financial Instr_4

8. Derivative Financial Instruments (Details) - Hedging Relationship - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member]
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Balance in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	$ (3,561)	$ (6,594)	$ (3,561)	$ (6,594)	$ (7,242)	$ 1,126
Amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)			(984)	(6,267)
Derivative instruments, gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income, effective portion, net			$ 4,665	$ (1,453)
Derivative Instrument, Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income, Effective Portion, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]			Cost of sales	Cost of sales
Foreign exchange forward contracts \| Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] \| Cash Flow Hedging
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Balance in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	0	218	$ 0	$ 218	0	1,126
Amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)			0	545
Derivative instruments, gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income, effective portion, net			$ 0	$ (1,453)
Derivative Instrument, Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income, Effective Portion, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]			Cost of sales	Cost of sales
Foreign exchange forward contracts \| Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] \| Cash Flow Hedging \| Cost of sales \| Maximum [Member]
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Derivative instruments, gain (loss) recognized in income, amount excluded from effectiveness testing, net		100		$ (100)
Foreign exchange forward contracts \| Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] \| Cost of sales
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Derivative, gain (loss) on derivative, net	$ 0	$ 444	$ 0	$ 522
Derivative, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Cost of sales	Cost of sales	Cost of sales	Cost of sales
Foreign exchange forward contracts \| Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] \| Foreign currency loss, net
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Derivative, gain (loss) on derivative, net	$ (9,418)	$ 44,534	$ (14,101)	$ 63,515
Derivative, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Foreign currency loss, net	Foreign currency loss, net	Foreign currency loss, net	Foreign currency loss, net
Commodity swap contracts \| Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] \| Cash Flow Hedging
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Balance in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	$ (3,561)	$ (6,812)	$ (3,561)	$ (6,812)	$ (7,242)	$ 0
Amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)			(984)	(6,812)
Derivative instruments, gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income, effective portion, net			$ 4,665	$ 0
Derivative Instrument, Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income, Effective Portion, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]			Cost of sales	Cost of sales

8. Derivative Financial Instr_5

8. Derivative Financial Instruments (Details) - Risk Management - Commodity swap contracts - Cash Flow Hedging - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jul. 31, 2022
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative, notional amount	$ 6.6	$ 70.5
Cash Flow Hedge Gain (Loss) to be Reclassified within Twelve Months	$ (3.6)

8. Derivative Financial Instr_6

8. Derivative Financial Instruments (Details) - Transaction Exposure - Foreign exchange forward contracts - Not Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] € in Millions, ₨ in Millions, ¥ in Millions, RM in Millions, $ in Millions, $ in Millions, $ in Millions, $ in Millions, $ in Millions

6 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023 CAD ($)

Dec. 31, 2022 CAD ($)

Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)

Jun. 30, 2023 CLP ($)

Jun. 30, 2023 EUR (€)

Jun. 30, 2023 INR (₨)

Jun. 30, 2023 JPY (¥)

Jun. 30, 2023 MYR (RM)

Jun. 30, 2023 MXN ($)

Jun. 30, 2023 SGD ($)

Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2022 CLP ($)

Dec. 31, 2022 EUR (€)

Dec. 31, 2022 INR (₨)

Dec. 31, 2022 JPY (¥)

Dec. 31, 2022 MYR (RM)

Dec. 31, 2022 MXN ($)

Dec. 31, 2022 SGD ($)

Canada, Dollars

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, Currency Sold

Canadian dollar

Chile, Pesos

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, Currency Sold

Chilean peso

Euro Member Countries, Euro

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, Currency Bought

Euro

Derivative, Currency Sold

Euro

India, Rupees

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, Currency Sold

Indian rupee

Japan, Yen

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, Currency Bought

Japanese yen

Derivative, Currency Sold

Japanese yen

Malaysia, Ringgits

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, Currency Bought

Malaysian ringgit

Derivative, Currency Sold

Malaysian ringgit

Mexico, Pesos

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, Currency Sold

Mexican peso

Singapore, Dollars

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, Currency Bought

Singapore dollar

Derivative, Currency Sold

Singapore dollar

Long [Member] | Euro Member Countries, Euro

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, notional amount

$ 75.9

€ 69.4

$ 170.5

€ 160.2

Long [Member] | Japan, Yen

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, notional amount

4.8

¥ 695.6

22.4

¥ 2,982.7

Long [Member] | Malaysia, Ringgits

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, notional amount

37.7

RM 176

22.6

RM 99.8

Long [Member] | Singapore, Dollars

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, notional amount

1.8

$ 2.4

$ 1.4

Short [Member] | Canada, Dollars

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, notional amount

$ 4.2

3.2

3.1

Short [Member] | Chile, Pesos

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, notional amount

7.6

$ 6,035.6

$ 5,996.5

Short [Member] | Euro Member Countries, Euro

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, notional amount

30.1

€ 27.5

40.9

€ 38.4

Short [Member] | India, Rupees

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, notional amount

594.7

₨ 48,782.1

327.4

₨ 27,119.5

Short [Member] | Japan, Yen

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, notional amount

3.9

¥ 563.6

67.1

¥ 8,950.3

Short [Member] | Malaysia, Ringgits

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, notional amount

6.6

RM 30.8

3.1

RM 13.7

Short [Member] | Mexico, Pesos

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, notional amount

$ 34.6

$ 1.8

$ 34.6

Short [Member] | Singapore, Dollars

Derivative [Line Items]

Derivative, notional amount

$ 10.9

$ 14.7

9. Leases (Details)

9. Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
9. Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease cost	$ 3,014	$ 4,232	$ 5,951	$ 8,609
Variable lease cost	1,121	604	2,016	1,203
Short-term lease cost	98	221	168	252
Total lease cost	4,233	$ 5,057	8,135	10,064
Payments of amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities			5,721	9,259
Lease assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities			1,080	$ 3,754
Operating lease assets	89,747		89,747		$ 93,185
Operating lease liabilities, current	9,693		9,693		9,193
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent	$ 36,194		$ 36,194		$ 40,589
Weighted-average remaining lease term	5 years		5 years		6 years
Weighted-average discount rate	5.10%		5.10%		5.10%
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid [Abstract]
Operating lease liabilities, future payments, remainder of fiscal year	$ 5,814		$ 5,814
Operating lease liabilities, future payments, due 2024	11,154		11,154
Operating lease liabilities, future payments, due 2025	10,033		10,033
Operating lease liabilities, future payments, due 2026	8,263		8,263
Operating lease liabilities, future payments, due 2027	5,776		5,776
Operating lease liabilities, future payments, due 2028	5,531		5,531
Operating lease liabilities, future payments, due after 2028	5,857		5,857
Total future payments	52,428		52,428
Less: interest	(6,541)		(6,541)
Total lease liabilities	$ 45,887		$ 45,887
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other assets		Other assets		Other assets
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Other current liabilities		Other current liabilities		Other current liabilities
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Other liabilities		Other liabilities		Other liabilities

10. Fair Value Measurements (De

10. Fair Value Measurements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Assets:
Marketable securities	$ 1,054,044	$ 1,096,712
Restricted marketable securities	194,650	182,070
Foreign debt [Member]
Assets:
Marketable securities	34,615	59,777
U.S. debt [Member]
Assets:
Marketable securities	43,770	56,463
U.S. Treasury securities [Member]
Assets:
Marketable securities	846,102	0
Time deposits [Member]
Assets:
Marketable securities	129,557	980,472
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member]
Assets:
Cash equivalents, Money market funds	3,278	4,324
Restricted cash equivalents, Money market funds	3,194	6,284
Restricted marketable securities	194,650	182,070
Derivative assets	1,146	2,035
Total assets	1,256,312	1,291,425
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities	12,875	6,812
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] \| Foreign debt [Member]
Assets:
Marketable securities	34,615	59,777
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] \| U.S. debt [Member]
Assets:
Marketable securities	43,770	56,463
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] \| U.S. Treasury securities [Member]
Assets:
Marketable securities	846,102
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] \| Time deposits [Member]
Assets:
Marketable securities	129,557	980,472
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Assets:
Cash equivalents, Money market funds	3,278	4,324
Restricted cash equivalents, Money market funds	3,194	6,284
Restricted marketable securities	0	0
Derivative assets	0	0
Total assets	982,131	991,080
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] \| Foreign debt [Member]
Assets:
Marketable securities	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] \| U.S. debt [Member]
Assets:
Marketable securities	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] \| U.S. Treasury securities [Member]
Assets:
Marketable securities	846,102
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] \| Time deposits [Member]
Assets:
Marketable securities	129,557	980,472
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Assets:
Cash equivalents, Money market funds	0	0
Restricted cash equivalents, Money market funds	0	0
Restricted marketable securities	194,650	182,070
Derivative assets	1,146	2,035
Total assets	274,181	300,345
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities	12,875	6,812
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] \| Foreign debt [Member]
Assets:
Marketable securities	34,615	59,777
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] \| U.S. debt [Member]
Assets:
Marketable securities	43,770	56,463
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] \| U.S. Treasury securities [Member]
Assets:
Marketable securities	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] \| Time deposits [Member]
Assets:
Marketable securities	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Assets:
Cash equivalents, Money market funds	0	0
Restricted cash equivalents, Money market funds	0	0
Restricted marketable securities	0	0
Derivative assets	0	0
Total assets	0	0
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] \| Foreign debt [Member]
Assets:
Marketable securities	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] \| U.S. debt [Member]
Assets:
Marketable securities	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] \| U.S. Treasury securities [Member]
Assets:
Marketable securities	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] \| Time deposits [Member]
Assets:
Marketable securities	$ 0	$ 0

10. Fair Value Measurements (_2

10. Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Balance Sheet Grouping - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Financial Instruments, Financial Assets, Balance Sheet Groupings [Abstract]
Government grants receivable	$ 225,121	$ 0
Accounts receivable unbilled, net - noncurrent	4,229	11,498
Accounts receivable trade, net - noncurrent	0	1,500
Financial Instruments, Financial Liabilities, Balance Sheet Groupings [Abstract]
Long-term debt	438,000
Carrying Value Measurement [Member]
Financial Instruments, Financial Assets, Balance Sheet Groupings [Abstract]
Government grants receivable	225,121	0
Accounts receivable unbilled, net - noncurrent	4,229	11,498
Accounts receivable trade, net - noncurrent	0	1,500
Financial Instruments, Financial Liabilities, Balance Sheet Groupings [Abstract]
Long-term debt	438,000	185,000
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member]
Financial Instruments, Financial Assets, Balance Sheet Groupings [Abstract]
Government grants receivable	222,721	0
Accounts receivable unbilled, net - noncurrent	3,782	10,304
Accounts receivable trade, net - noncurrent	0	1,339
Financial Instruments, Financial Liabilities, Balance Sheet Groupings [Abstract]
Long-term debt	$ 390,648	$ 160,986

11. Debt (Details)

11. Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
11. Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Jul. 27, 2022
Long-term Debt [Abstract]
Long-term debt, gross	$ 438,000	$ 438,000	$ 185,000
Less: unamortized issuance costs	(590)	(590)	(651)
Long-term debt	437,410	437,410	184,349
Long-term Debt, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
Long-term Debt, Maturity, Remainder of Fiscal Year	0	0
Long-Term Debt, Maturity, Year One	31,054	31,054
Long-term Debt, Maturity, Year Two	79,628	79,628
Long-Term Debt, Maturity, Year Three	79,629	79,629
Long-Term Debt, Maturity, Year Four	79,672	79,672
Long-Term Debt, Maturity, Year Five	79,716	79,716
Long-Term Debt, Maturity, after Year Five	88,301	88,301
Total long-term debt future principal payments	438,000	$ 438,000
Revolving Credit Facility
Long-term Debt [Abstract]
Debt instrument, currency		USD
Revolving credit facility	0	$ 0	0
Line of Credit Facility, Current Borrowing Capacity	$ 1,000,000	$ 1,000,000
Debt Instrument, Description of Variable Rate Basis	Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at a rate per annum equal to, at our option, (i) the Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“Term SOFR”), plus a credit spread of 0.10%, plus a margin that ranges from 1.25% to 2.25% or (ii) an alternate base rate as defined in the credit agreement, plus a margin that ranges from 0.25% to 1.25%.
Revolving Credit Facility \| Minimum [Member]
Long-term Debt [Abstract]
Line of Credit Facility, Unused Capacity, Commitment Fee Percentage	0.125%
Revolving Credit Facility \| Maximum [Member]
Long-term Debt [Abstract]
Line of Credit Facility, Unused Capacity, Commitment Fee Percentage	0.375%
India Credit Facility
Long-term Debt [Abstract]
Debt instrument, currency		USD
Long-term debt, gross	$ 438,000	$ 438,000	$ 185,000
India Credit Facility \| DFC
Long-term Debt [Abstract]
Debt Instrument, Description of Variable Rate Basis		U.S. Treasury Constant Maturity Yield plus 1.75%
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate		1.75%
Debt Instrument, Effective Interest Rate		5.34%
India Credit Facility \| DFC \| FS India Solar Ventures Private Limited
Long-term Debt [Abstract]
Line of Credit Facility, Current Borrowing Capacity				$ 500,000

12. Commitments and Contingen_3

12. Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Commercial Commitments $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Surety Bonds Outstanding, Amount	$ 28.3
Surety Bonds, Remaining Borrowing Capacity	232
Bilateral Facilities [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Letters of Credit Outstanding, Amount	126.5
Letters of Credit, Remaining Borrowing Capacity	119
Letters of Credit Outstanding, Secured by Cash	8.9
Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Letters of Credit Outstanding, Amount	0
Letters of Credit, Remaining Borrowing Capacity	250
Line of Credit Facility, Letter of Credit Sub-Limit	$ 250

12. Commitments and Contingen_4

12. Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Product Warranties - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Movement in Standard Product Warranty Accrual [Roll Forward]
Product warranty liability, beginning of period	$ 33,315	$ 47,016	$ 33,787	$ 52,553
Accruals for new warranties issued	851	1,425	1,845	2,273
Settlements	(1,867)	(1,252)	(3,193)	(7,254)
Changes in estimate of product warranty liability	(330)	(60)	(470)	(443)
Product warranty liability, end of period	31,969	47,129	31,969	47,129
Current portion of warranty liability	9,243	11,553	9,243	11,553
Noncurrent portion of warranty liability	$ 22,726	$ 35,576	$ 22,726	$ 35,576

12. Commitments and Contingen_5

12. Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Indemnifications - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Indemnification liabilities, current	$ 2.5	$ 2.5
Indemnification liabilities, maximum exposure	53.8
Indemnification liabilities, potential recoveries	$ 27.3

12. Commitments and Contingen_6

12. Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Contingent Consideration - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	May 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Business Acquisition, Contingent Consideration [Line Items]
Contingent consideration, current	$ 7,500		$ 0
Contingent consideration, noncurrent	11,000		$ 0
Evolar AB
Business Acquisition, Contingent Consideration [Line Items]
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration Arrangements, Range of Outcomes, Value, High	42,500	$ 42,500
Contingent consideration, current	7,500
Contingent consideration, noncurrent	$ 11,000

12. Commitments and Contingen_7

12. Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Solar Module Collection and Recycling Liability - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Accrued solar module collection and recycling liability	$ 132,061	$ 128,114

12. Commitments and Contingen_8

12. Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - Legal Proceedings - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Estimated Litigation Liability [Line Items]
Litigation loss	$ 35,590	$ 0	$ 35,590	$ 0
Accrued litigation	86,890		86,890		$ 0
Insurance receivable for accrued litigation	51,300		51,300		$ 0
Southern Power Company Arbitration [Member]
Estimated Litigation Liability [Line Items]
Litigation loss	35,600
Other Matters and Claims - Workplace Injury [Member]
Estimated Litigation Liability [Line Items]
Litigation Settlement, Amount Awarded to Other Party	51,300
Accrued litigation	51,300		51,300
Insurance receivable for accrued litigation	$ 51,300		$ 51,300

13. Revenue from Contracts wi_3

13. Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue from Contracts with Customers [Line Items]
Net sales	$ 810,673	$ 620,955	$ 1,358,959	$ 987,995
Increase in Revenue from Net Changes in Transaction Price	$ 6,900		$ 12,300
Net change in estimate as a percentage of aggregate revenue	1.90%		3.10%
Accounts Receivable Unbilled, Net, Total Current and Noncurrent, after Allowance for Credit Losses	$ 41,313		$ 41,313		$ 42,152
Contract Assets, Net Change			$ (839)
Contract Assets, Percent Change			(2.00%)
Deferred revenue, Total Current and Noncurrent	1,547,421		$ 1,547,421		1,207,940
Contract Liabilities, Net Change			$ 339,481
Contract Liabilities, Percent Change			28%
Accounts receivable unbilled, net - noncurrent	4,229		$ 4,229		$ 11,498
Sales Revenue Net, from Beginning Contract Liability			215,500	114,400
Solar Modules [Member]
Revenue from Contracts with Customers [Line Items]
Net sales	802,237	607,445	1,338,827	962,326
Remaining Performance Obligation, Aggregate Transaction Price	20,800,000		20,800,000
Solar Power Systems [Member]
Revenue from Contracts with Customers [Line Items]
Net sales	7,996	374	19,257	2,343
O&M Services [Member]
Revenue from Contracts with Customers [Line Items]
Net sales	441	4,180	893	8,077
Energy Generation [Member]
Revenue from Contracts with Customers [Line Items]
Net sales	$ (1)	$ 8,956	$ (18)	$ 15,249

14. Share-Based Compensation (D

14. Share-Based Compensation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	$ 8,411	$ 5,764	$ 15,011	$ 9,267
Restricted stock and performance units [Member]
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense, unrecognized, unvested restricted stock and performance units	47,300		$ 47,300
Share-based compensation expense, unrecognized, unvested weighted average period of recognition (in years)			1 year 7 months 6 days
Cost of sales [Member]
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	1,349	446	$ 2,275	944
Selling, general and administrative [Member]
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	5,981	4,754	10,763	7,328
Research and development [Member]
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	1,035	561	1,912	992
Production start-up [Member]
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	$ 46	$ 3	$ 61	$ 3

15. Income Taxes (Details)

15. Income Taxes (Details)	1 Months Ended	6 Months Ended		48 Months Ended	108 Months Ended
15. Income Taxes (Details)	Aug. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2036	Dec. 31, 2032
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax, Inflation Reduction Act, Percent	15%
Excise Tax on Stock Buybacks, Inflation Reduction Act, Percent	1%
Effective income tax rate		4.90%	83.70%
U.S. statutory federal income tax rate		21%
Forecast
Income Tax Holiday [Line Items]
Vietnam long-term tax incentive tax rate				10%	5%

16. Net Income Per Share (Detai

16. Net Income Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net income	$ 170,579	$ 55,805	$ 213,140	$ 12,550
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	106,827	106,586	106,791	106,500
Effect of restricted stock and performance units	451	470	465	465
Weighted-average shares used in computing diluted net income per share	107,278	107,056	107,256	106,965
Net income per share, basic	$ 1.60	$ 0.52	$ 2	$ 0.12
Net income per share, diluted	$ 1.59	$ 0.52	$ 1.99	$ 0.12
Anti-dilutive shares	0	45	24	45

17. Accumulated Other Compreh_3

17. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Stockholders' equity, beginning balance	$ 5,868,728	$ 5,875,175	$ 5,836,055	$ 5,959,551
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	2,006	(4,807)	4,538	(5,362)
Net other comprehensive (loss) income	(6,069)	(40,780)	5,766	(73,868)
Stockholders' equity, ending balance	6,039,638	5,895,827	6,039,638	5,895,827
Other income (expense), net	997	(1,883)	(459)	(2,095)
Cost of sales	500,253	644,155	936,488	999,732
Gain on sales of businesses, net	135	245,381	118	247,288
Total (loss) gain reclassified	(2,006)	4,807	(4,538)	5,362
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Stockholders' equity, beginning balance			(121,473)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications			(2,557)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss			(136)
Net tax effect			0
Net other comprehensive (loss) income			(2,693)
Stockholders' equity, ending balance	(124,166)		(124,166)
Total (loss) gain reclassified			136
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment [Member] \| Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Other income (expense), net	0	158	(10)	153
Cost of sales	0	0	146	0
Gain on sales of businesses, net	0	3,756	0	3,756
Total amount reclassified	0	3,914	136	3,909
Unrealized (Loss) Gain on Marketable Securities and Restricted Marketable Securities [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Stockholders' equity, beginning balance			(64,780)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications			5,959
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss			9
Net tax effect			(317)
Net other comprehensive (loss) income			5,651
Stockholders' equity, ending balance	(59,129)		(59,129)
Total (loss) gain reclassified			(9)
Unrealized (Loss) Gain on Marketable Securities and Restricted Marketable Securities [Member] \| Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Other income (expense), net	(9)	0	(9)	0
Unrealized (Loss) Gain on Derivative Instruments [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Stockholders' equity, beginning balance			(5,564)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications			(984)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss			4,665
Net tax effect			(873)
Net other comprehensive (loss) income			2,808
Stockholders' equity, ending balance	(2,756)		(2,756)
Total (loss) gain reclassified			(4,665)
Unrealized (Loss) Gain on Derivative Instruments [Member] \| Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Total amount reclassified	(1,997)	893	(4,665)	1,453
Total, Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Stockholders' equity, beginning balance	(179,982)	(129,450)	(191,817)	(96,362)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications			2,418
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss			4,538
Net tax effect			(1,190)
Net other comprehensive (loss) income	(6,069)	(40,780)	5,766	(73,868)
Stockholders' equity, ending balance	(186,051)	(170,230)	(186,051)	(170,230)
Total (loss) gain reclassified			(4,538)
Foreign exchange forward contracts \| Unrealized (Loss) Gain on Derivative Instruments [Member] \| Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Cost of sales	0	893	0	1,453
Commodity swap contracts \| Unrealized (Loss) Gain on Derivative Instruments [Member] \| Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Member]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Cost of sales	$ (1,997)	$ 0	$ (4,665)	$ 0

18. Segment Reporting (Details)

18. Segment Reporting (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
18. Segment Reporting (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	$ 810,673	$ 620,955	$ 1,358,959	$ 987,995
Gross profit (loss)	310,420	(23,200)	422,471	(11,737)
Depreciation and amortization expense	72,589	60,165	134,174	119,210
Goodwill	28,646		28,646		$ 14,462
Modules [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	802,237	607,445	1,338,827	962,326
Gross profit (loss)	301,917	31,167	408,811	42,356
Depreciation and amortization expense	72,587	57,810	134,170	114,009
Goodwill	28,646		28,646		14,462
Other [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net sales	8,436	13,510	20,132	25,669
Gross profit (loss)	8,503	(54,367)	13,660	(54,093)
Depreciation and amortization expense	2	$ 2,355	4	$ 5,201
Goodwill	$ 0		$ 0		$ 0