MVB Financial (MVBF) S-3Shelf registration

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 18, 2024.

Registration No. 333-   

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM S-3

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

MVB FINANCIAL CORP.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

301 Virginia Avenue

Fairmont, West Virginia 26554-2777

(304) 363-4800

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of each registrant’s principal executive offices)

Donald T. Robinson

President and Chief Financial Officer

301 Virginia Avenue

Fairmont, West Virginia 26554-2777

(304) 363-4800

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copy to:

James J. Barresi, Esq.

Aaron A. Seamon, Esq.

Squire Patton Boggs (US) LLP

201 East Fourth Street, Suite 1900

Cincinnati, OH 45202

(513) 361-1200

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after the effective date of this registration statement.

If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. ☐

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. ☒

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended:

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of Securities Act. ☐

The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until this registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. This prospectus is included in a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED DECEMBER 18, 2024

PROSPECTUS

$75,000,000

MVB Financial Corp.

Common Stock

Class A Common Stock

Preferred Stock

Debt Securities

Warrants

Depositary Shares

From time to time we may offer to sell, in one or more series, and in any combination, the securities described in this prospectus. Such securities may be offered and sold by us in one or more offerings with a total aggregate principal amount or initial purchase price not to exceed $75,000,000.

This prospectus describes the general terms of these securities and the general manner in which we will offer them. Each time that we offer and sell securities using this prospectus, we will provide a supplement to this prospectus that contains specific information about the securities and their terms and the manner in which we will offer them for sale. The prospectus supplement also may add or update information contained in this prospectus. You should carefully read this prospectus and any supplement to this prospectus, as well as any documents we have incorporated into this prospectus by reference, before you invest in any of these securities. References herein to “prospectus supplement” are deemed to refer to any pricing supplement or free writing prospectus describing the specific pricing or other terms of the applicable offering that we prepare and distribute.

We may offer and sell these securities through underwriters, dealers or agents, or directly to purchasers on a continuous or delayed basis. We will provide the names of any such underwriters, dealers or agents used in connection with the sale of any of these securities, as well as any fees, commissions or discounts we may pay to such underwriters, dealers or agents in connection with the sale of these securities, in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Our common stock is quoted on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “MVBF.” On December 16, 2024 the closing price of our common stock was $21.45. There is no market for the other securities we may offer. Each prospectus supplement will contain information, where applicable, as to any listing of securities covered by the prospectus supplement on The Nasdaq Capital Market or any securities exchange.

These securities are not bank deposits and are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency, nor are they obligations of, or guaranteed by, a bank. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities, and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities, in any state or jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

Investing in our securities involves risks. See “RISK FACTORS” on page 1.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

This prospectus is dated    , 2024.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

You should rely only on the information incorporated by reference or provided in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement and the registration statement. We have not authorized anyone else to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. We are not making an offer to sell these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement, or incorporated by reference, is accurate only as of the dates of those documents. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) using a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we may sell from time to time, in one or more offerings, on a continuous or delayed basis, any combination of the securities described in this prospectus.

This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we sell securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering. Such prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. If there is any inconsistency between the information in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, you should rely on the information in the prospectus supplement. You should read this prospectus (including the documents incorporated by reference) and the applicable prospectus supplement together with the additional information referred to under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information.”

Any of the securities described in this prospectus and in a prospectus supplement may be convertible or exchangeable into, or exercisable for, other securities that are described in this prospectus or will be described in a prospectus supplement, and may be issued separately, together or as part of a unit consisting of two or more securities, which may or may not be separate from one another. The securities offered hereby may include new or hybrid securities developed in the future that combine features of any of the securities described in this prospectus.

The registration statement that contains this prospectus, including the exhibits to the registration statement, also contains additional information about us and the securities offered under this prospectus. You can find the registration statement on the SEC’s website or at the SEC office mentioned under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information.”

Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this prospectus and the accompanying prospectus supplement to “we,” “us,” “our,” “MVB” or the “Company” refer to MVB Financial Corp. and its subsidiaries.

RISK FACTORS

An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Prior to making a decision about investing in our securities, you should carefully consider the specific risk factors discussed in the sections entitled “Risk Factors” contained in any applicable prospectus supplement and our filings with the SEC and incorporated by reference in this prospectus, together with all of the other information contained in this prospectus, or any applicable prospectus supplement. If any of the risks or uncertainties described in any prospectus supplement, our SEC filings or any additional risks and uncertainties actually occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In that case, the trading price of our securities could decline and you might lose all or part of your investment. This prospectus and documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus also contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including the risks faced by us.

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus and the documents we incorporate by reference in this prospectus contain, and future oral and written statements of the Company and its management may contain, forward-looking statements, within the meaning of such term in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), with respect to the financial condition, results of operations, plans, objectives, future performance and business of the Company. Forward-looking statements, which may be based upon beliefs, expectations and assumptions of the Company’s management and on information available to management at the time the statements are made, are generally identifiable by the use of words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “bode,” “predict,” “suggest,” “project,” “appear,” “plan,” “intend,” “estimate,” “may,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “should,” “likely,” or other similar expressions. Additionally, all statements in this prospectus and the documents we incorporate by reference in this prospectus, including forward-looking statements, speak only as of the date they are made, and, except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any statement in light of new information or future events.

These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, nor should they be relied upon as representing our view as of any subsequent date. Forward-looking statements involve significant risks and uncertainties (both known and unknown), and actual results may differ materially from those presented. Factors that might cause such differences include, but are not limited to:

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MVB FINANCIAL CORP.

The Company is a financial holding company organized as a West Virginia corporation in 2003 that operates principally through its wholly-owned subsidiary, MVB Bank, Inc. (“MVB Bank” or the “Bank”). The Bank’s consolidated subsidiaries include MVB Edge Ventures, Inc. (“Edge Ventures”), Paladin Fraud, LLC (“Paladin Fraud”) and MVB Insurance, LLC (“MVB Insurance”). The Bank owns controlling interests in Trabian Technology, Inc. (“Trabian”). Edge Ventures wholly-owns Victor Technologies, Inc. (“Victor”) and MVB Technology, LLC (“MVB Technology”). The Bank also owns an equity method investment in Intercoastal Mortgage Company, LLC (“ICM”) and the Company owns equity method investments in Warp Speed Holdings, LLC (“Warp Speed”) and Ayers Socure II, LLC (“Ayers Socure II”). The Company’s consolidated subsidiaries also includes SPE PR, LLC.

In 2021, Edge Ventures was created as a management company providing oversight, alignment and structure for MVB’s Fintech companies and allocates resources to help incubate venture businesses and technologies acquired and developed by MVB. Subsidiaries of Edge Ventures include MVB Technology and Victor.

MVB conducts a wide range of business activities, primarily commercial and retail (“CoRe”) banking. The Company also continues to be involved in new innovative strategies to provide independent banking to corporate clients throughout the United States by leveraging recent investments in Fintech related companies, as further described in the Company’s filings with the SEC which are incorporated by reference into this prospectus. MVB considers Fintech companies as those entities that use technology to electronically move funds. Through our professional services entities, which include Paladin Fraud and Trabian, we provide consulting solutions to assist Fintech and corporate clients in building digital products and meeting their fraud defense needs.

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The Bank was formed on October 30, 1997 and chartered under the laws of the State of West Virginia. The Bank commenced operations on January 4, 1999.

The Bank offers its customers a full range of products and services, including various demand deposit accounts, savings accounts, money market accounts and certificates of deposit, commercial, consumer and real estate mortgage loans and lines of credit, cashier’s checks, safe deposit rental facilities, and non-deposit investment services offered through an association with a broker-dealer.

In addition to its CoRe banking activities, the Company is also involved in innovative strategies to provide independent banking to corporate clients throughout the United States by leveraging recent investments in Fintech. The dedicated Fintech sales team specializes in providing banking services to corporate Fintech clients, with an overarching focus on operational risk and compliance. Managing banking relationships with clients in the payments, digital savings, cryptocurrency, crowd funding, lottery and gaming industries is complex from both an operational and regulatory perspective. The Company holds a strategic view that the complexity of serving these industries causes them to be underserved with quality banking services and provides the Company with a significantly expanded pool of potential customers. When serviced in a safe and efficient manner, these industries offer an excellent source of stable, low cost deposits and non-interest income. The Company analyzes each industry thoroughly, both from an operational and regulatory viewpoint. This business line has the potential for fee income revenue as relationships grow.

The Company’s principal executive office is located at 301 Virginia Avenue, Fairmont, West Virginia 26554 and its telephone number is (304) 363-4800. The Company’s Internet website is www.mvbbanking.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, its website does not constitute part of this prospectus.

Additional information about us is included in our filings with the SEC, which are incorporated by reference into this prospectus. See “Where You Can Find More Information” and “Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference” in this prospectus.

USE OF PROCEEDS

Unless the applicable prospectus supplement states otherwise, we will use the net proceeds we receive from the sale of the securities offered hereby for general corporate purposes, which may include, among other things, supporting organic loan growth, investments in or advances to our subsidiaries, working capital, capital expenditures, stock repurchases, debt repayment or the financing of possible acquisitions. The prospectus supplement relating to a particular offering of securities by us will identify the particular use of proceeds for that offering. Until we use the net proceeds from an offering, we may place the net proceeds in temporary investments or hold the net proceeds in deposit accounts at the Company’s banking subsidiary.

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES WE MAY OFFER

This prospectus contains summary descriptions of the common stock, Class A common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants and depositary shares that we may offer and sell from time to time. When one or more of these securities are offered in the future, a prospectus supplement will explain the particular terms of the securities and the extent to which these general provisions may apply. These summary descriptions and any summary descriptions in the applicable prospectus supplement do not purport to be complete descriptions of the terms and conditions of each security and are qualified in their entirety by reference to our Articles of Incorporation, as amended (our “Articles of Incorporation”), our Bylaws, as amended (our “Bylaws”), the West Virginia Business Corporation Act and any other documents referenced in such summary descriptions and from which such summary descriptions are derived. If any particular terms of a security described in the applicable prospectus supplement differ from any of the terms described in this prospectus, then the terms described in this prospectus will be deemed superseded by the terms set forth in that prospectus supplement.

We may issue securities in book-entry form through one or more depositaries, such as The Depository Trust Company, Euroclear or Clearstream, named in the applicable prospectus supplement. Each sale of a security in book-entry form will settle in immediately available funds through the applicable depositary, unless otherwise stated. We will issue the securities in registered form, without coupons, although we may issue the securities in bearer form if so specified in the applicable prospectus supplement. If any securities are to be listed or quoted on a securities exchange or quotation system, the applicable prospectus supplement will say so.

DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

The following is a summary of the material terms, limitations, voting powers and relative rights of our capital stock as contained in our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws, which are incorporated by reference herein. This summary does not purport to be a complete description of the terms and conditions of our capital stock in all respects and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to our Articles of Incorporation, our Bylaws, the West Virginia Business Corporation Act and any other documents referenced in the summary descriptions and from which the summary descriptions are derived. Although we believe this summary covers the material terms and provisions of our capital stock set forth in our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws, it may not contain all of the information that is important to you.

Authorized Shares of Capital Stock

We have the authority to issue 40,000,000 shares of common stock, $1.00 par value per share, 20,000,000 shares of Class A common stock, $1.00 par value per share, and 20,000 shares of preferred stock, $1,000 par value per share. As of December 16, 2024, we had 12,941,462 shares of common stock (exclusive of shares held in treasury) issued and outstanding and no shares of Class A common stock have been issued or are outstanding.

Under our Articles of Incorporation, we previously classified (i) 8,500 shares of preferred stock as Senior Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A, par value $1,000 per share (“Series A Preferred Stock”), none of which remain issued and outstanding as of December 16, 2024, (ii) 400 shares of preferred stock as Convertible Noncumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series B (“Class B Preferred Stock”), none of which remain issued and outstanding as of December 16, 2024, and (iii) 383.4 shares of preferred stock as Convertible Noncumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series C (“Class C Preferred Stock”), none of which remain issued and outstanding as of December 16, 2024.

Common Stock

General. The Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws govern the Company’s shareholders. The Company’s shareholders have the following rights:

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Dividends and Dividend Rights. MVB shareholders are entitled to receive dividends when and as declared by the board of directors, subject to various regulatory restrictions and the preferences that apply to any shares of preferred stock outstanding at the time. Dividends by MVB are dependent on the ability of MVB Bank to pay dividends to MVB. Dividends of MVB Bank are subject to the restrictions contained in W.Va. Code § 31A-4-25. That statute provides that not less than one-tenth part of the net profits of the preceding half-year (in the case of quarterly or semi-annual dividends) or the preceding two consecutive half-year periods (in the case of annual dividends) must be carried to a Bank’s surplus fund until the surplus fund equals the amount of its capital stock. MVB Bank has met this provision of the statute. The prior approval of the West Virginia Commissioner of Banking is required if the total of all dividends declared by a state bank in any calendar year will exceed the bank’s net profits for that year combined with its retained net profits for the preceding two years. The statute defines “net profits” as the remainder of all earnings from current operations plus actual recoveries on loans and investments and other assets after deducting all current operating expenses, actual losses and all federal and state taxes.

MVB’s future cash dividends will depend on its consolidated earnings, general economic conditions, financial condition of its subsidiaries and other factors generally affecting dividend policy.

Voting Rights. All voting rights with respect to MVB are vested in the holders of MVB’s common stock. In the election of directors, the shareholders of MVB have the right to vote the number of shares owned by them for as many persons as there are directors to be elected, or to cumulate such shares and give a candidate as many votes as the number of directors to be elected multiplied by the number of shares they own, or to distribute them on the same principle among as many candidates as they may decide. For all other purposes, each share is entitled to one vote. Our Articles of Incorporation establishes a classified board of directors that is divided into three classes with staggered three-year terms. Only the directors in one class are subject to election at each annual meeting of our stockholders, with the directors in the other classes continuing for the remainder of their respective three-year terms.

Preemptive or Similar Rights. The holders of common stock of MVB have no preemptive rights to subscribe to any additional securities which MVB may issue. If MVB should decide to issue any of its common shares in a public or private stock offering, the effect could be to dilute the percentage ownership of those shareholders before such stock offering. Our common stock is not subject to conversion, redemption or sinking fund provisions.

Class A Common Stock

We may issue up to 20,000,000 shares of Class A common stock, $1.00 par value per share, from time to time in one or more series. Our board of directors, without further approval of our shareholders, has the authority to fix the dividend rate, redemption rights and terms, conversion terms, liquidation preferences, sinking funds, voting rights and any other rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions applicable to each series of Class A common stock, except as otherwise fixed in the Articles of Incorporation.

Subordination. Class A common stock shall be ranked junior to any preferred stock issued and outstanding, with respect to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets in the event of any dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the Company.

Dividends and Dividend Rights. The holders of Class A common stock shall be entitled to receive, when and as declared by the board of directors, out of any funds legally available therefor, preferential dividends in cash, in the amounts or at the rate per annum fixed for such series, and no more. If any shares of Class A common stock are outstanding, the Company shall not pay or declare any cash dividends whatsoever on the common stock or any other class of stock ranking junior to the Class A common stock unless (i) any dividends payable on the Class A common stock of all series shall have been paid and (ii) there shall exist no default in respect of any sinking fund or purchase fund for the redemption or purchase of shares of Class A common stock of any series or such default shall have been waived by the holders of at least a majority of the then issued and outstanding shares of Class A common stock of such series by a vote at a meeting called for such purpose or by written waiver with or without a meeting.

Liquidation Rights. In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then, before any distribution or payment shall be made to the holders of the common stock or any other class of stock of the Company ranking junior to the Class A common stock in respect of dividends or distribution of assets upon liquidation, the holders of the Class A common stock shall be entitled to be paid in full, in the event of a voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the respective amounts fixed for such series, plus in each case a sum equal to declared and unpaid dividends thereon to the date of payment thereof.

Preferred Stock

General. We may issue up to 20,000 shares of preferred stock, $1,000.00 par value per share, from time to time in one or more series. Our board of directors, without further approval of our shareholders, has the authority to fix the dividend rights and terms, conversion rights, voting rights, redemption rights and terms, liquidation preferences, sinking funds and any other rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions applicable to each series of preferred stock. The issuance of preferred stock, while providing flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, could, among other things, adversely affect the voting power of the holders of our common stock.

We will describe the particular terms of any series of preferred stock being offered in the prospectus supplement relating to that series of preferred stock. Those terms may include:

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The shares of preferred stock will, when issued against full payment of their purchase price, be fully paid and nonassessable.

Dividend Rights. If you purchase preferred stock being offered by use of this prospectus and an applicable prospectus supplement, you will be entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by our board of directors, dividends at the rates and on the dates set forth in the prospectus supplement. Dividend rates may be fixed, variable or both. The nature, amount, rates, timing and other details of dividend rights for a series of preferred stock will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement and will be payable in preference to, or in such relation to, the dividends payable on any other class or classes or series of our stock, as described in the applicable prospectus supplement. We are subject to various regulatory policies and requirements relating to the payment of dividends, including requirements to maintain adequate capital above regulatory minimums.

Voting Rights. The voting rights of preferred stock of any series being offered will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Liquidation Rights. In the event that we liquidate, dissolve or wind-up our affairs, either voluntarily or involuntarily, holders of our preferred stock will be entitled to receive liquidating distributions in the amount set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, plus accrued and unpaid dividends, if any, before we make any distribution of assets to the holders of our common stock, Class A common stock or any junior preferred stock. If we fail to pay in full all amounts payable with respect to preferred stock being offered by us and any stock having the same rank as that series of preferred stock, the holders of the preferred stock and of that other stock will share in any distribution of assets in proportion to the full respective preferential amounts to which they are entitled. After the holders of each series of preferred stock and any stock having the same rank as the preferred stock are paid in full, they will have no right or claim to any of our remaining assets.

Redemption. The terms, if any, on which shares of a series of preferred stock being offered may be redeemed will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement. The preferred stock of a series may be redeemed in such amount or amounts, and at such time or times, if any, as may be provided in respect of that particular series of preferred stock. Preferred stock may be redeemed by the Company only to the extent legally permissible.

Conversion Rights. The applicable prospectus supplement will state the terms, if any, on which shares of a series of preferred stock being offered are convertible into shares of our common stock or another series of our preferred stock.

Description of Series A Preferred Stock. On September 6, 2011, the Company filed a Certificate of Designation establishing the terms for its Senior Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A (“Series A Preferred Stock”), and designating 8,500 shares of preferred stock as Series A Preferred Stock, which were thereafter issued on September 8, 2011 to the United States Department of the Treasury (“Treasury”) as part of the Treasury’s Small Business Lending Fund program. The Series A Preferred Stock is entitled to non-cumulative dividends, payable quarterly, at a dividend rate established as a percentage of the liquidation amount that fluctuated on a quarterly basis during the first 10 quarters during which the Series A Preferred Stock was outstanding. For the tenth calendar quarter through four and one half years after issuance, the dividend rate was fixed at between one percent (1%) and seven percent (7%) based upon the Company’s qualified small business lending as further described in the Certificate of Designations for the Series A Preferred Stock. After four and one half years, or March 2016, the dividend increased to 9% regardless of the Company’s small business lending.

The Series A Preferred Stock is non-voting, except in limited circumstances. In the event that the Company misses five dividend payments, whether or not consecutive, the holder of the Series A Preferred Stock will have the right, but not the obligation, to appoint a representative as an observer on the Company’s Board of Directors and such right would continue until the Company had made full dividend payments for four consecutive payments thereafter. The Series A Preferred Stock may be redeemed at any time at the Company’s option, at a redemption price of 100% of the liquidation amount plus accrued but unpaid dividends to the date of redemption for the current period, subject to the approval of its federal banking regulator. Partial redemptions will be permitted so long as in amounts equal to at least 25% of the number of originally issued shares of Series A Preferred Stock.

On January 5, 2017, the Company redeemed all of the 8,500 shares of the Series A Preferred Stock that had been issued to Treasury. The aggregate redemption price was $8,508,500, including dividends accrued but unpaid through, but not including, the redemption date.

Description of Class B Preferred Stock. On June 30, 2014, the Company filed a Certificate of Designations establishing the terms for its Convertible Noncumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series B (“Class B Preferred Stock”), and designating 400 shares of preferred stock as Class B Preferred Stock, which were thereafter sold in a private placement.

The Class B Preferred Stock carries an annual dividend rate of 6.0% and is convertible into shares of Company common stock within thirty days after the first, second, third, fourth and fifth anniversaries of the original issue date, based on a common stock price of $16.00 per share, as adjusted for future corporate activities. The Class B Preferred Stock is redeemable by the Company on or after the fifth anniversary of the original issue date for Liquidation Amount, as defined therein, plus declared and unpaid dividends. Redemption is subject to any necessary regulatory approvals. In the event of liquidation of the Company, shares of Class B Preferred Stock shall be junior to creditors of the Company and to the shares of Series A Preferred Stock. Holders of Class B Preferred Stock shall have no voting rights, except for authorization of senior shares of stock, amendment to the Class B Preferred Stock, share exchanges, reclassifications or changes of control, or as required by law.

On December 28, 2017, the Company distributed a notice to each of the holders of the Company’s Class B Preferred Stock regarding the Company’s agreement to waive certain timing requirements associated with the conversion of the Class B Preferred Stock. Pursuant to the notices, the Company elected to waive the above referenced timing requirements associated with when a conversion may occur and, instead, the Company accepted notices of conversion at any time prior to July 30, 2019, which was the final conversion date for the Class B Preferred Stock.

In January 2021, the Company redeemed all of its outstanding shares of Class B Preferred Stock, at a redemption price per share equal to $10,000, plus declared and unpaid dividends of $46.03 per share of Class B Preferred Stock. Upon redemption, the Class B Preferred Stock was no longer outstanding and all rights with respect to such stock ceased and terminated, except the right to payment of the redemption price.

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Description of Class C Preferred Stock. On June 30, 2014, the Company filed a Certificate of Designations establishing the terms for its Convertible Noncumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series C (“Class C Preferred Stock”), and designating 383.4 shares of preferred stock as Class C Preferred Stock, which were thereafter sold in a private placement.

The Class C Preferred Stock carries an annual dividend rate of 6.5% and is convertible into shares of Company common stock within thirty days after the first, second, third, fourth and fifth anniversaries of the original issue date, based on a common stock price of $16.00 per share, as adjusted for future corporate activities. The Class C Preferred Stock is redeemable by the Company on or after the fifth anniversary of the original issue date for Liquidation Amount, as defined therein, plus declared and unpaid dividends. Redemption is subject to any necessary regulatory approvals. In the event of liquidation of the Company, shares of Class C Preferred Stock shall be junior to creditors of the Company and to the outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock and Class B Preferred Stock. Holders of Class C Preferred Stock shall have no voting rights, except for authorization of senior shares of stock, amendment to the Class C Preferred Stock, share exchanges, reclassifications or changes of control, or as required by law.

On December 28, 2017, the Company distributed a notice to each of the holders of the Company’s Class C Preferred Stock regarding the Company’s agreement to waive certain timing requirements associated with the conversion of the Class C Preferred Stock. Pursuant to the notices, the Company elected to waive the above referenced timing requirements associated with when a conversion may occur and, instead, the Company accepted notices of conversion at any time prior to July 30, 2019, which was the final conversion date for the Class C Preferred Stock.

In January 2021, the Company redeemed all of its outstanding shares of Class C Preferred Stock at a redemption price per share equal to $10,000, plus declared and unpaid dividends of $49.86 per share of Class C Preferred Stock. Upon redemption, the Class C Preferred Stock was no longer outstanding and all rights with respect to such stock ceased and terminated, except the right to payment of the redemption price.

Anti-Takeover Provisions

General. Certain provisions of our Articles of Incorporation, our Bylaws and the West Virginia Business Corporation Act may have the effect of impeding the acquisition of control of the Company by means of a tender offer, a proxy fight, open-market purchases or otherwise in a transaction not approved by our board of directors. These provisions may have the effect of discouraging a future takeover attempt which is not approved by our board of directors but which individual shareholders may deem to be in their best interests or in which our shareholders may receive a substantial premium for their shares over then-current market prices. As a result, shareholders who might desire to participate in such a transaction may not have an opportunity to do so. Such provisions will also render the removal of our current board of directors or management more difficult.

Articles of Incorporation; Bylaws. These provisions of our Articles of Incorporation and our Bylaws include the following:

Banking Laws. The ability of a third party to acquire the Company is also subject to applicable banking laws and regulations. The Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 (the “BHCA”) and the regulations thereunder require any “bank holding company” (as defined in the BHCA) to obtain the approval of the Federal Reserve prior to acquiring more than 5% of the outstanding shares of a class of our voting stock. Any person other than a bank holding company is required to obtain prior approval of the Federal Reserve to acquire 10% or more of the outstanding shares of a class of our voting stock under the Change in Bank Control Act of 1978. Any holder of 25% or more (or between 10% and 25%, if the holder is unable to rebut the presumption that it controls the Company) of the outstanding shares of a class of our voting stock, other than an individual, is subject to supervision and regulation as a bank holding company under the BHCA. In calculating a holder’s aggregate ownership of our common stock for purposes of these banking regulations, the Federal Reserve likely would include at least the minimum number of shares (and could instead include the maximum number of shares) of our common stock that a holder is entitled to receive pursuant to securities convertible into or settled in our common stock.

DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES

The following description of the debt securities sets forth certain general terms that may apply to the debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus. The debt securities may be issued as senior debt securities or subordinated debt securities. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will issue the senior debt securities under a senior indenture, which we will enter into with a trustee to be named in the senior indenture, and we will issue the subordinated debt securities under a subordinated indenture, which we will enter into with a trustee to be named in the subordinated indenture. These indentures are sometimes collectively referred to as the “indentures” and individually referred to as an “indenture,” the “senior indenture” or the “subordinated indenture,” as applicable. The form of senior indenture and the form of subordinated indenture are filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. The trustee under

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each indenture is referred to as the “indenture trustee.” The indentures are subject to and governed by the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended (the “Trust Indenture Act”), and may be supplemented or amended from time to time. Prior to issuing any debt securities, we will select an indenture trustee for the indenture relating to the issuance of debt securities, qualify such indenture trustee under the Trust Indenture Act and execute such indenture.

The indentures give us broad authority to set the particular terms of each series of debt securities, including the right to modify certain of the terms contained in the applicable indenture. We will describe the specific terms of a series of debt securities and the extent, if any, to which the specific terms of the debt securities modify the terms of the applicable indenture in the prospectus supplement relating to the debt securities.

This summary is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the indentures, which contain the full legal text of the matters described in this section, and the description of the specific terms of the debt securities in the applicable prospectus supplement. The following summary is not complete. You should read all of the provisions of the indentures, including the definitions of certain terms.

Since we are a holding company, our right, and accordingly, the right of our creditors and shareholders, including the holders of the securities offered by this prospectus and any prospectus supplement, to participate in any distribution of assets of any of our subsidiaries upon its liquidation, reorganization or similar proceeding is subject to the prior claims of creditors of that subsidiary, except to the extent that our claims as a creditor of the subsidiary may be recognized.

Terms of the Securities

The debt securities will not be secured by any of our assets. Neither the indentures nor the debt securities will limit or otherwise restrict the amounts of other indebtedness that we may incur nor the amount of other securities that we may issue. The indentures do not limit the principal amount of any particular series of debt securities. All of the debt securities issued under each of the indentures will rank equally and ratably with any additional debt securities issued under the same indenture. The subordinated debt securities will be subordinated as described below under “Subordination.”

Each prospectus supplement will specify the particular terms of the debt securities offered. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of any debt securities being offered, including the following, as may be applicable:

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Some of our debt securities may be issued as “original issue discount” securities. Original issue discount securities bear no interest or bear interest at below-market rates and will be sold at a discount below their stated principal amount. The prospectus supplement will also contain any special tax, accounting or other information relating to original issue discount securities or relating to certain other kinds of securities that may be offered, including securities linked to an index.

Acceleration of Maturity

If an event of default with respect to any outstanding series of senior debt securities (and, in certain cases, subordinated debt securities) occurs and is continuing, the indenture trustee or the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series may declare the principal amount due and payable immediately by providing written notice of such acceleration to us, and, if notice is given by the holders instead of the indenture trustee, to the indenture trustee. Subject to certain conditions, the declaration of acceleration may be rescinded, and past defaults (except uncured payment defaults and certain other specified defaults) may be waived, by the holders of not less than a majority of the principal amount of debt securities of that series.

You should refer to the prospectus supplement relating to each series of debt securities for the particular provisions relating to acceleration of maturity upon the occurrence and continuation of an event of default.

Registration and Transfer

Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, each series of the offered debt securities will be issued in registered form only, without coupons. The indentures will also allow us to issue the securities in bearer form only, or in both registered and bearer form. Any securities issued in bearer form will have interest coupons attached, unless they are issued as zero coupon securities. Securities in bearer form will not be offered, sold, resold or delivered in connection with their original issuance in the United States or to any United States person other than to offices of certain United States financial institutions located outside the United States.

Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, the debt securities we are offering will be issued in denominations of $1,000 or an integral multiple of $1,000. No service charge will be made for any transfer or exchange of the debt securities, but we may require payment of an amount sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection with a transfer or exchange.

Payment and Paying Agent

We will pay principal, interest and any premium on fully registered debt securities in the designated currency or currency unit at the office of a designated paying agent. At our option, payment of interest on fully registered debt securities may also be made by check mailed to the persons in whose names the debt securities are registered on the days specified in the indentures or any prospectus supplement.

We will pay principal, interest and any premium on bearer debt securities in the designated currency or currency unit at the office of a designated paying agent or agents outside of the United States. Payments will be made at the offices of the paying agent in the United States only if the designated currency is United States dollars and payment outside of the United States is illegal or effectively precluded. If any amount payable on a debt security or coupon remains unclaimed at the end of two years after such amount became due and payable, the paying agent will release any unclaimed amounts, and the holder of the debt security or coupon will look only to us for payment.

Global Securities

The debt securities of a series may be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more global certificates (“Global Securities”) that will be deposited with a depositary that we will identify in a prospectus supplement. Global Securities may be issued in either registered or bearer form and in either temporary or permanent form. All Global Securities in bearer form will be deposited with a depositary outside the United States. Unless and until it is exchanged in whole or in part for individual certificates evidencing debt securities in definitive form represented thereby, a Global Security may not be transferred except as a whole by the depositary to a nominee of that depositary or by a nominee of that depositary to a depositary or another nominee of that depositary.

The specific terms of the depositary arrangements for each series of debt securities will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Modification and Waiver

Each indenture provides that modifications and amendments may be made by us and the indenture trustee with the consent of the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each series affected by the amendment or modification. However, no modification or amendment may, without the consent of each holder affected:

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The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series may waive compliance by us and the indenture trustee with certain provisions of the indentures. The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series may waive any past default under the applicable indenture with respect to that series, except a default in the payment of the principal, or any premium, interest, or additional amounts payable on a debt security of that series or in respect of a covenant or provision which under the terms of the applicable indenture cannot be modified or amended, without the consent of each affected holder.

With the indenture trustee, we may modify and amend any indenture without the consent of any holder for any of the following purposes:

Calculation of Outstanding Debt Securities

To calculate whether the holders of a sufficient principal amount of the outstanding securities have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver under any indenture:

Additional Provisions

Other than the duty to act with the required standard of care during an event of default, the indenture trustee is not obligated to exercise any of its rights or powers under the applicable indenture at the request or direction of any of the holders of the debt securities, unless the holders have offered the indenture trustee reasonable indemnification. Each indenture provides that the holders of a majority in principal amount of outstanding debt securities of any series may, in certain circumstances, direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the indenture trustee, or exercising any trust or other power conferred on the indenture trustee.

No holder of a debt security of any series will have the right to institute any proceeding for any remedy under the applicable indenture, unless:

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However, the holder of any debt security will have an absolute and unconditional right to receive payment of the principal, any premium, any interest or any additional amounts in respect of such debt security on or after the date expressed in such debt security and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment.

We are required to file annually with the indenture trustee a certificate of no default, or specifying any default that exists.

Conversion Rights

The applicable prospectus supplement relating to any convertible debt securities will describe the terms on which those securities are convertible.

Events of Default

The following will be events of default under the senior indenture with respect to the senior debt securities of a series:

The following will be events of default under the subordinated indenture with respect to the subordinated debt securities of a series:

There is no right of acceleration of the payment of principal or interest of a series of subordinated debt securities upon a default in the performance of any covenant or agreement in the subordinated debt securities of a particular series or in the applicable indenture. Except in the event of a receivership, insolvency, liquidation or similar proceeding, there is no right of acceleration of the payment of principal or interest of a series of subordinated debt securities upon an event of default. In the event of a default in the payment of interest or principal, the holders of senior indebtedness will be entitled to be paid in full before any payment can be made to holders of subordinated debt securities. However, a holder of a subordinated debt security (or the indenture trustee under the applicable indenture on behalf of all of the holders of the affected series) may, subject to certain limitations and conditions, seek to enforce overdue payments of interest or principal on the subordinated debt securities.

Subordination

The senior debt securities will be unsecured and will rank equally among themselves and with all of our other unsecured and unsubordinated debt, if any.

The subordinated debt securities will be unsecured and will be subordinate and junior in right of payment, to the extent and in the manner set forth below, to the prior payment in full of all of the Company’s senior indebtedness, as more fully described in the applicable prospectus supplement.

If any of the following circumstances has occurred, payment in full of all principal, premium, if any, and interest must be made or provided for with respect to all outstanding senior indebtedness before we can make any payment or distribution of principal, premium, if any, or interest on the subordinated debt securities:

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DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS

We may issue warrants for the purchase of debt securities, preferred stock, common stock, other securities of the Company or any combination of the foregoing. Warrants may be issued alone or together with securities offered by any prospectus supplement and may be attached to, or separate from, those securities. The particular terms of any warrants will be described more specifically in the prospectus supplement relating to such warrants.

The prospectus supplement relating to any warrants we are offering will include specific terms relating to the offering. We will file the form of any warrant agreement with the SEC, and you should read the warrant agreement for provisions that may be important to you. The prospectus supplement will include some or all of the following information:

Before exercising their warrants, holders of warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the securities purchasable upon such exercise, including the right to receive dividends, if any, or payments upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, or to exercise voting rights, if any.

DESCRIPTION OF DEPOSITARY SHARES

This following is a summary of the general terms of the deposit agreement to govern any depositary shares we may offer representing fractional interests in shares of our preferred stock, the depositary shares themselves and the related depositary receipts. This summary does not purport to be complete in all respects and is subject to and qualified entirely by reference to the relevant deposit agreement and depositary receipt with respect to the depositary shares relating to any particular series of preferred stock. The specific terms of any depositary shares we may offer will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement. If so described in the applicable prospectus supplement, the terms of that series of depositary shares may differ from the general description of terms presented below.

General

We may offer fractional interests in shares of our preferred stock, rather than full shares of preferred stock. If we do, we will provide for the issuance by a depositary to the public of receipts for depositary shares, each of which will represent a fractional interest in a share of a particular series of preferred stock.

The shares of any series of preferred stock underlying the depositary shares will be deposited under a separate deposit agreement between us and a bank or trust company having its principal office in the U.S. and having a combined capital and surplus of such amount as may be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, which we refer to in this section as the depositary. We will name the depositary in the applicable prospectus supplement. Subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, each owner of a depositary share will have a fractional interest in all the rights and preferences of the preferred stock underlying the depositary share. Those rights include any dividend, voting, redemption, conversion and liquidation rights.

The depositary shares will be evidenced by depositary receipts issued under the deposit agreement. If you purchase fractional interests in shares of the related series of preferred stock, you will receive depositary receipts as described in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Unless we specify otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, you will not be entitled to receive the whole shares of preferred stock underlying the depositary shares.

Dividend Rights

The depositary will distribute all cash dividends or other cash distributions in respect of the preferred stock underlying the depositary shares to each record holder of depositary shares based on the number of the depositary shares owned by that holder on the relevant record date. The depositary will distribute only that amount which can be distributed without attributing to any holder of depositary shares a fraction of one cent, and any balance not so distributed will be added to and treated as part of the next sum received by the depositary for distribution to record holders of depositary shares.

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If there is a distribution other than in cash, the depositary will distribute property to the entitled record holders of depositary shares, unless the depositary determines that it is not feasible to make that distribution. In that case the depositary may, with our approval, adopt the method it deems equitable and practicable for making that distribution, including any sale of property and distribution of the net proceeds from this sale to the applicable holders.

The deposit agreement will also contain provisions relating to how any subscription or similar rights offered by us to holders of the preferred stock will be made available to the holders of depositary shares.

Voting Rights

When the depositary receives notice of any meeting at which the holders of the preferred stock may vote, the depositary will mail information about the meeting contained in the notice, and any accompanying proxy materials, to the record holders of the depositary shares relating to the preferred stock. Each record holder of such depositary shares on the record date, which will be the same date as the record date for the preferred stock, will be entitled to instruct the depositary as to how the preferred stock underlying the holder’s depositary shares should be voted.

Conversion or Exchange Rights

If any series of preferred stock underlying the depositary shares is subject to conversion or exchange, the applicable prospectus supplement will describe the rights or obligations of each record holder of depositary receipts to convert or exchange the depositary shares.

Redemption

If the series of the preferred stock underlying the depositary shares is subject to redemption, all or a part of the depositary shares will be redeemed from the redemption proceeds of that series of the preferred stock held by the depositary. The redemption price per depositary share will bear the same relationship to the redemption price per share of preferred stock that the depositary share bears to the underlying preferred stock. Whenever we redeem preferred stock held by the depositary, the depositary will redeem, as of the same redemption date, the number of depositary shares representing the preferred stock redeemed. If less than all the depositary shares are to be redeemed, the depositary shares to be redeemed will be selected by lot or pro rata as determined by the depositary.

After the date fixed for redemption, the depositary shares called for redemption will no longer be outstanding. When the depositary shares are no longer outstanding, all rights of the holders will cease, except the right to receive money or other property that the holders of the depositary shares were entitled to receive upon the redemption. Payments will be made when holders surrender their depositary receipts to the depositary.

Taxation

Owners of depositary shares will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as if they were owners of the preferred stock represented by the depositary shares. If necessary, the applicable prospectus supplement will provide a description of U.S. federal income tax consequences relating to the purchase and ownership of the depositary shares and the preferred stock represented by the depositary shares.

Amendment and Termination of the Deposit Agreement

The form of depositary receipt evidencing the depositary shares and any provision of the deposit agreement may be amended by agreement between us and the depositary at any time. However, certain amendments as specified in the applicable prospectus supplement will not be effective unless approved by the record holders of at least a majority of the depositary shares then-outstanding. A deposit agreement may be terminated by us or the depositary only if:

Charges of Depositary

We will pay all transfer and other taxes and governmental charges arising solely from the existence of the depositary arrangements. We will pay associated charges of the depositary for the initial deposit of the preferred stock and any redemption of the preferred stock. Holders of depositary shares will pay transfer and other taxes and governmental charges and any other charges that are stated to be their responsibility in the deposit agreement.

Resignation and Removal of Depositary

The depositary may resign at any time by delivering notice to us. We may also remove the depositary at any time. Resignations or removals will take effect when a successor depositary is appointed and it accepts the appointment.

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

We may sell the securities covered by this prospectus from time to time at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to such prevailing market prices at the time of sale, at negotiated prices or at fixed prices, which may change from time to time. We may sell the securities directly to one or more purchasers, through agents, to dealers, through underwriters, brokers or dealers, or through a combination of any of these sales methods or through any other method permitted by law (including in “at the market” equity offerings as defined in Rule 415 of the Securities Act). We reserve the right to accept or reject, in whole or in part, any proposed purchase of securities, whether the purchase is to be made directly or through agents.

Each time that we use this prospectus to sell our securities, we will also provide a prospectus supplement, if required, that contains the specific terms of the offering, including:

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Only underwriters that we have named in a prospectus supplement will be underwriters of the securities offered by that prospectus supplement.

If underwriters are used in the sale, they will acquire the securities for their own account and may resell the securities from time to time in one or more transactions at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. The obligations of the underwriters to purchase the securities will be subject to the conditions set forth in the applicable underwriting agreement. We may offer the securities to the public through underwriting syndicates represented by managing underwriters or by underwriters without a syndicate. Subject to certain conditions, the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all of the securities offered by the prospectus supplement, other than securities covered by any over-allotment option. Any public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers may change from time to time. We may use underwriters with whom we have a material relationship. We will describe in the prospectus supplement, naming the underwriter, the nature of any such relationship.

We may sell securities directly or through agents we designate from time to time. We will name any agent involved in the offering and sale of securities and we will describe any commissions we will pay the agent in the prospectus supplement. Unless the prospectus supplement states otherwise, our agent will act on a best-efforts basis for the period of its appointment.

We may authorize agents or underwriters to solicit offers by certain types of institutional investors to purchase securities from us at the public offering price set forth in the prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. We will describe the conditions to these contracts and the commissions we must pay for solicitation of these contracts in the applicable prospectus supplement.

We may provide agents and underwriters with indemnification against civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or contribution with respect to payments that the agents or underwriters may make with respect to these liabilities. Agents and underwriters may engage in transactions with, or perform services for, us in the ordinary course of business.

All securities we may offer, other than common stock or other outstanding securities, will be new issues of securities with no established trading market. Any underwriters may make a market in these securities, but will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. We cannot guarantee the liquidity of the trading markets for any securities.

Any underwriter may engage in over-allotment, stabilizing transactions, short-covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act. Over-allotment involves sales in excess of the offering size, which create a short position. Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum price. Syndicate-covering or other short-covering transactions involve purchases of the securities, either through exercise of the over-allotment option or in the open market after the distribution is completed, to cover short positions. Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a dealer when the securities originally sold by the dealer are purchased in a stabilizing or covering transaction to cover short positions. Those activities may cause the price of the securities to be higher than it would otherwise be. If commenced, the underwriters may discontinue any of the activities at any time.

Under the securities laws of some states, to the extent applicable, the securities may be sold in such states only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In addition, if our common stock is not listed on a national securities exchange, in some states the securities may not be sold unless such securities have been registered or qualified for sale in such state or an exemption from registration or qualification is available and is complied with.

LEGAL MATTERS

Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, certain legal matters with respect to New York law and the securities covered by this prospectus will be passed upon for us by Squire Patton Boggs (US) LLP, Cincinnati, Ohio. Certain matters relating to West Virginia law will be passed upon for us by Camille M. Wiley, Associate General Counsel of the Company. If the securities are being distributed in an underwritten offering, certain legal matters will be passed upon for the underwriters by counsel identified in the related prospectus supplement.

EXPERTS

The consolidated financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2023, and the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 have been audited by Forvis Mazars, LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their reports thereon, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, and incorporated herein by reference. Such consolidated financial statements have been incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such reports pertaining to such financial statements and the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

We are subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act and file with the SEC proxy statements, Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K. You may inspect our filings on the SEC’s web site at www.sec.gov or on our website at www.mvbbanking.com. However, other than our available SEC filings, the information on, or that can be accessible through, our website does not constitute a part of, and is not incorporated by reference in, this prospectus. Written requests for copies of the documents we file with the SEC should be directed to MVB Financial Corp., 301 Virginia Avenue, Fairmont, West Virginia 26554, Attention: Corporate Secretary, telephone: (304) 367-8697.

This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-3 filed by us with the SEC under the Securities Act. As permitted by the SEC, this prospectus does not contain all the information in the registration statement filed with the SEC. For a more complete understanding of this offering, you should refer to the complete registration statement, including exhibits, on Form S-3 that may be obtained as described above. Statements contained in this prospectus about the contents of any contract or other document are not necessarily complete. If we have filed any contract or other document as an exhibit to the registration statement or any other document incorporated by reference in the registration statement, you should read the exhibit for a more complete understanding of the contract or other document or matter involved. Each statement regarding a contract or other document is qualified in its entirety by reference to the actual contract or other document.

INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE

The SEC allows us to incorporate by reference the information that we file with it into this prospectus, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to other documents. The information incorporated by reference is an important part of this prospectus. We incorporate by reference the following documents and any future filings made with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the date of this prospectus and prior to the termination of this offering (other than information “furnished” rather than “filed” and information that is modified or superseded by subsequently filed documents prior to the termination of this offering):

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We will provide without charge, upon written or oral request, a copy of any or all of the documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus and a copy of any or all other contracts or documents which are referred to in this prospectus. Requests should be directed to:

MVB Financial Corp.

Attention: Corporate Secretary

301 Virginia Avenue

Fairmont, West Virginia 26554

Telephone number: (304) 367-8697

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PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

The following table sets forth our estimated expenses to be incurred in connection with the issuance and distribution of the securities being registered, other than underwriting discounts and commissions.

Section 31D-8-851 of the West Virginia Business Corporation Act provides in part that each West Virginia corporation has the power to indemnify any director against liability incurred in a proceeding against him by reason of being or having been such director (other than in an action by or in the right of the corporation) if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, or, in the case of any criminal proceeding, he had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. With respect to an action by or in the right of the corporation, except for reasonable expenses incurred in the proceeding as to which he meets the foregoing standard of conduct, a director may not be indemnified. A director also may not be indemnified unless ordered by a court if he is adjudged liable on the basis that he received a financial benefit to which he was not entitled. A West Virginia corporation may make any other or further indemnity to any such persons that may be authorized by the corporation’s articles of incorporation.

A corporation must indemnify a director who was wholly successful on the merits in the proceeding against reasonable expenses of the proceeding. A corporation may advance expenses incurred by a director in such a proceeding if he affirms he has met the standard of conduct and agrees to return the advanced expenses if it is determined he has not met this standard.

Section 31D-8-856 of the West Virginia Business Corporation Act provides that a West Virginia corporation may indemnify and advance expenses to an officer of the corporation who is a party to a proceeding because he or she is an officer of the corporation to the same extent as a director and, if he or she is an officer but not a director, to a further extent as may be provided by the articles of incorporation, the bylaws, a resolution of the board of directors or contract, except for (i) liability in connection with a proceeding by or in the right of the corporation other than for reasonable expenses incurred in connection with the proceeding or (ii) liability arising out of conduct that constitutes (a) receipt by him or her of a financial benefit to which he or she is not entitled, (b) an intentional infliction of harm on the corporation or the shareholders or (c) an intentional violation of criminal law. A corporation must indemnify an officer who was wholly successful on the merits in the proceeding against reasonable expenses of the proceeding.

The Company’s Articles of Incorporation provide that the Company shall indemnify, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any current or former legal representative, officer or director of the Company or a person serving as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation at the Company’s request against all expenses, liability and loss incurred by him in connection with a claim or proceeding against him by reason of his being or having been in such role. Expenses, including, without limitation, attorneys’ fees and disbursements, incurred in defending or participating in such proceeding shall be paid in advance by the Company; provided, however, that such payment shall only be made upon delivery to the Company of an undertaking that such person agrees to repay all advanced amounts if it is ultimately determined that such person is not entitled to indemnification under the Company’s Articles of Incorporation.

We have obtained directors’ and officers’ liability insurance. The policy provides for $10.0 million in coverage, with punitive damages excluded.

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The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:

provided, however, that paragraphs (1)(i), (1)(ii) and (1)(iii) do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act, that are incorporated by reference in this registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.

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Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the indemnification provisions described in Item 15 above, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Fairmont, state of West Virginia, on the 18th day of December, 2024.

POWER OF ATTORNEY

Each person whose signature appears below appoints Larry F. Mazza or Donald T. Robinson, or either of them, as his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this registration statement and any registration statement (including any amendment thereto) for this offering that is to be effective upon filing pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and all other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or would do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in fact and agent may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

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