| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 1 . Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies The Company GameStop Corp. (“GameStop,” “we,” “us,” “our,” or the “Company”) is a global, multichannel video game, consumer electronics and collectibles retailer. We operate approximately 5,500 stores across 14 countries. Our consumer product network also includes www.gamestop.com and Game Informer ® magazine, the world's leading print and digital video game publication. We operate our business in four geographic segments: United States, Canada, Australia and Europe. See Note 16 , "Segment Information," for further information. Our largest vendors are Nintendo, Sony, Microsoft, Electronic Arts and Take-Two Interactive, which accounted for 28% , 18% , 6% , 5% and 5% , respectively, of our new product purchases in fiscal year 2019 . Our largest vendors in fiscal year 2018 and 2017 were Nintendo, Sony, Microsoft, Take-Two Interactive and Activision Blizzard, which accounted for 23% , 22% , 10% , 6% and 4% , respectively, in fiscal year 2018 ; and 22% , 20% , 10% , 4% and 6% , respectively, in fiscal year 2017 . Basis of Presentation and Consolidation Our consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of our wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Our former Spring Mobile business is presented as discontinued operations in the statements of operations for periods presented. The consolidated statement of cash flows is presented on a combined basis for all periods presented and, therefore, does not segregate cash flows from continuing and discontinued operations. The information contained in these notes to our consolidated financial statements refers to continuing operations unless otherwise noted. Our fiscal year is composed of the 52 or 53 weeks ending on the Saturday closest to the last day of January. Fiscal year 2019 consisted of the 52 weeks ended on February 1, 2020 ("fiscal 2019 "). Fiscal year 2018 consisted of the 52 weeks ended on February 2, 2019 ("fiscal 2018 "). Fiscal year 2017 consisted of the 53 weeks ended on February 3, 2018 ("fiscal 2017 "). Reclassifications We have made certain reclassifications in our consolidated statements of cash flows in order to conform to the current year presentation. The provision for inventory reserves of $57.3 million and $59.1 million for fiscal years 2018 and 2017, respectively, have been reclassified to changes in merchandise inventories. Certain changes in customer liabilities, primarily associated with loyalty point redemptions and gift card breakage, of $43.1 million and $23.7 million for fiscal years 2018 and 2017, respectively, have been reclassified from other to changes in accounts payable and accrued liabilities. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. In preparing these financial statements, we have made our best estimates and judgments of certain amounts included in the financial statements, giving due consideration to materiality. Changes in the estimates and assumptions used by us could have a significant impact on our financial results. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Cash and Cash Equivalents We consider all short-term, highly-liquid instruments purchased with a remaining maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Our cash and cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates market value, and consist primarily of time deposits with highly rated commercial banks. From time to time depending upon interest rates, credit worthiness and other factors, we invest in money market investment funds holding direct U.S. Treasury obligations. Restricted Cash Restricted cash of $14.1 million and $16.1 million as of February 1, 2020 and February 2, 2019 , respectively, consists primarily of bank guarantees issued on behalf of our foreign subsidiaries, which is included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and other noncurrent assets in our consolidated balance sheets. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated balance sheets to total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash in the consolidated statements of cash flows (in millions): February 1, February 2, February 3, Cash and cash equivalents $ 499.4 $ 1,624.4 $ 854.2 Restricted cash (included in prepaid expenses and other current assets) 0.3 2.7 — Restricted cash (included in other noncurrent assets) 13.8 13.4 14.9 Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash in the statements of cash flows $ 513.5 $ 1,640.5 $ 869.1 Merchandise Inventories Our merchandise inventories are carried at the lower of cost or market generally using the average cost method. Under the average cost method, as new product is received from vendors, its current cost is added to the existing cost of product on-hand and this amount is re-averaged over the cumulative units. Pre-owned video game products traded in by customers are recorded as inventory at the amount of the store credit given to the customer. We are required to make adjustments to inventory to reflect potential obsolescence or over-valuation as a result of cost exceeding market. In valuing inventory, we consider quantities on hand, recent sales, potential price protections, returns to vendors and other factors. Our ability to assess these factors is dependent upon our ability to forecast customer demand and to provide a well-balanced merchandise assortment. Inventory is adjusted based on anticipated physical inventory losses or shrinkage and actual losses resulting from periodic physical inventory counts. Inventory reserves as of February 1, 2020 and February 2, 2019 were $58.0 million and $69.4 million , respectively. Property and Equipment Property and equipment consisted of the following (in millions): February 1, 2020 February 2, 2019 Land $ 18.0 $ 18.7 Buildings and leasehold improvements 611.8 638.2 Fixtures and equipment 836.2 900.2 Total property and equipment 1,466.0 1,557.1 Accumulated depreciation (1,190.1 ) (1,235.8 ) Property and equipment, net $ 275.9 $ 321.3 Property and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation on furniture, fixtures and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives ranging from two years to ten years . Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred, while betterments and major remodeling costs are capitalized. Leasehold improvements are capitalized and amortized over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the terms of the respective leases (generally ranging from one year to ten years ), including reasonably certain renewal options. Costs incurred in purchasing management information systems are capitalized and included in property and equipment. These costs are amortized over their estimated useful lives from the date the technology becomes operational. Our total depreciation expense was $90.8 million , $96.7 million and $110.1 million for fiscal 2019 , 2018 and 2017 , respectively. We periodically review our property and equipment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying amounts may not be recoverable or its depreciation or amortization periods should be accelerated. We assess recoverability based on several factors, including our intention with respect to our stores and those stores’ projected undiscounted cash flows. An impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds its fair value, determined based on an estimate of discounted future cash flows. We recorded impairment losses of $6.6 million , $2.1 million and $2.8 million in fiscal 2019 , 2018 and 2017 , respectively. See Note 4, "Asset Impairments," for further information regarding our asset impairment charges. Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess purchase price over tangible net assets and identifiable intangible assets acquired. Intangible assets are recorded apart from goodwill if they arise from a contractual right and are capable of being separated from the entity and sold, transferred, licensed, rented or exchanged individually. We are required to evaluate goodwill and other intangible assets not subject to amortization for impairment at least annually. This annual test is completed at the beginning of the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or when circumstances indicate the carrying value of the goodwill or other intangible assets might be impaired. Goodwill has been assigned to reporting units for the purpose of impairment testing. We have four operating segments—United States, Canada, Australia and Europe, which also define our reporting units based upon the similar economic characteristics of operations within each segment, including the nature of products, product distribution, type of customer and separate management within these businesses. In order to test goodwill for impairment, we compare a reporting unit's carrying amount to its estimated fair value. If the reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its estimated fair value, then an impairment charge is recorded in the amount of the excess. In fiscal 2019, we estimated the fair value of our United States segment by using a combination of the income approach and market approach. The income approach is based on the present value of future cash flows, which are derived from our long-term financial forecasts, and requires significant assumptions including, among others, a discount rate and a terminal value. The market approach is based on the observed ratios of enterprise value to earnings of the Company and other comparable, publicly-traded companies. We recognized goodwill impairment charges totaling $363.9 million and $970.7 million in fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2018 , respectively. See Note 7, "Goodwill and Intangible Assets" for additional information. No goodwill impairment charges related to our continuing operations were recognized in fiscal 2017 . Our indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of trade names that are not amortized, but are required to be evaluated at least annually for impairment. If the carrying value of an individual indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its fair value, such individual indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired by the amount of the excess. The fair value of our trade names are estimated by using a relief-from-royalty approach, which assumes the value of the trade name is the discounted cash flows of the amount that would be paid by a hypothetical market participant had they not owned the trade name and instead licensed the trade name from another company. As a result of our annual impairment testing in fiscal years 2019 , 2018 and 2017 , we recognized impairment charges totaling $2.3 million , $43.1 million and $11.0 million , respectively, associated with our dealer agreements and trade names. See Note 7 , "Goodwill and Intangible Assets" for additional information. Our definite-lived intangible assets consist primarily of leasehold rights. The estimated useful life and amortization methodology of intangible assets are determined based on the period in which they are expected to contribute directly to cash flows. Intangible assets that are determined to have a definite life are amortized over the life of the asset. Revenue Recognition We adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC Topic 606) , effective February 4, 2018 (the first day of fiscal 2018) utilizing the modified retrospective transition approach. Our revenue recognition policy discussed below is subsequent to the adoption of ASU 2014-09. See “—Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements” for information regarding our revenue recognition policy prior to the adoption of ASU 2014-09. We recognize revenue when performance obligations are satisfied by transferring goods or services to the customer in an amount that we expect to collect in exchange for those goods or services. The satisfaction of a performance obligation with a single customer may occur at a point in time or may occur over time. The significant majority of our revenue is recognized at a point in time, generally when a customer purchases and takes possession of merchandise through our stores or when merchandise purchased through our e-commerce websites is delivered to a customer. We have arrangements with customers where our performance obligations are satisfied over time, which primarily relate to extended warranties and our Game Informer magazine. In arrangements where we have multiple performance obligations, the transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation based on their relative stand-alone selling price (see "—Loyalty Program"). Revenue is recognized net of sales discounts and net of an estimated sales return reserve. Our sales return policy is generally limited to 30 days or less and as such our sales returns are, and historically have been, immaterial. Revenues do not include sales taxes or other taxes collected from customers. Advertising revenues for Game Informer are recorded upon release of magazines for sale to consumers. Subscription revenues for our PowerUp Rewards loyalty program and magazines are recognized on a straight-line basis over the subscription period. Revenue from the sales of product replacement plans is recognized on a straight-line basis over the coverage period. Customer liabilities and other deferred revenues for our PowerUp Rewards loyalty program, gift cards, customer credits, magazines and product replacement plans are included in accrued liabilities. We also sell a variety of digital products which generally allow consumers to download software or play games on the internet. The significant majority of the digital products we sell are unbundled and do not require us to purchase inventory or take physical possession of, or take title to, inventory. When purchasing these products from us, consumers pay a retail price and we earn a commission based on a percentage of the retail sale as negotiated with the digital product publisher. We recognize the sale of these digital products on a net basis, whereby the commissions earned are recorded as revenue. Loyalty Program Our loyalty program accounting policy discussed below is subsequent to the adoption of ASU 2014-09. See “—Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements” for information regarding our loyalty program accounting policy prior to the adoption of ASU 2014-09. Our PowerUp Rewards loyalty program allows members to earn points on purchases that can be redeemed for rewards that include discounts or merchandise. When loyalty program members purchase our product, we allocate the transaction price between the product and loyalty points earned based on the relative stand-alone selling prices and expected point redemption. The portion allocated to the loyalty points is initially recorded as deferred revenue and subsequently recognized as revenue upon redemption or expiration. The two primary estimates utilized to record the deferred revenue for loyalty points earned by members are the estimated retail price per point and estimated breakage. The estimated retail price per point is based on the actual historical retail prices of product purchased through the redemption of loyalty points. We estimate breakage of loyalty points based on historical redemption rates. We continually evaluate our methodology and assumptions based on developments in retail price per point redeemed, redemption patterns and other factors. Changes in the retail price per point and redemption rates have the effect of either increasing or decreasing the deferred revenue liability through current period revenue by an amount estimated to represent the retail value of all points previously earned but not yet redeemed by loyalty program members as of the end of the reporting period. The cost of administering the loyalty program, including program administration fees, program communications and cost of loyalty cards, is recognized in selling, general and administrative expenses. Customer Liabilities Our customer liabilities accounting policy discussed below is subsequent to the adoption of ASU 2014-09. See “—Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements” for information regarding our customer liabilities accounting policy prior to the adoption of ASU 2014-09. We establish a liability upon the issuance of merchandise credits and the sale of gift cards. Revenue is subsequently recognized when the credits and gift cards are redeemed. In addition, we recognize breakage in revenue upon redemption and in proportion to historical redemption patterns, regardless of the age of the unused gift cards and merchandise credit liabilities. To the extent that future redemption patterns differ from those historically experienced, there will be variations in the recorded breakage. Vendor Arrangements We participate in vendor cooperative advertising programs and other vendor marketing programs in which vendors provide us with cash consideration in exchange for marketing and advertising the vendors’ products. Our accounting for cooperative advertising arrangements and other vendor marketing programs results in a significant portion of the consideration received from our vendors reducing the product costs in inventory rather than as an offset to our marketing and advertising costs. The consideration serving as a reduction in inventory is recognized in cost of sales as inventory is sold. The amount of vendor allowances to be recorded as a reduction of inventory is determined based on the nature of the consideration received and the merchandise inventory to which the consideration relates. We apply a sell-through rate to determine the timing in which the consideration should be recognized in cost of sales. Consideration received that relates to video game products that have not yet been released to the public is deferred as a reduction of inventory. The cooperative advertising programs and other vendor marketing programs generally cover a period from a few days up to a few weeks and include items such as product catalog advertising, in-store display promotions, internet advertising, co-op print advertising and other programs. The allowance for each event is negotiated with the vendor and requires specific performance by us to be earned. Vendor allowances of $108.5 million , $143.4 million and $162.5 million were recorded as a reduction of cost of sales for fiscal 2019 , 2018 and 2017 , respectively. Cost of Sales and Selling, General and Administrative Expenses Classification The classification of cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses ("SG&A") varies across the retail industry. We include certain purchasing, receiving and distribution costs in SG&A in the consolidated statements of operations. We include processing fees associated with purchases made by check and credit cards in cost of sales in the consolidated statements of operations. Advertising Expenses We expense advertising costs for television, newspapers and other media when the advertising takes place. Advertising expenses for fiscal 2019 , 2018 and 2017 totaled $66.7 million , $72.9 million and $82.8 million , respectively. Income Taxes Income tax expense includes federal, state, local and international income taxes. Income taxes are accounted for utilizing an asset and liability approach and deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of existing assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that will more likely than not be realized. In accordance with GAAP, we maintain liabilities for uncertain tax positions until examination of the tax year is completed by the applicable taxing authority, available statute periods expire or additional facts and cause us to change our assessment of the appropriate accrual amount. See Note 8 , "Income Taxes," for additional information. We plan on indefinitely reinvesting our unremitted foreign earnings outside the United States. Where foreign earnings are indefinitely reinvested, no provision for federal income or foreign withholding taxes is made. Should we change our assertion with respect to our unremitted foreign earnings, we would make a cumulative adjustment to record United States income tax and foreign withholding tax expense in the period in which our assertion changes, and therafter we would provide for taxes at the time the earnings are generated. Presently we have no intention to change our assertion with respect to unremitted foreign earnings. Leases We conduct the substantial majority of our business with leased real estate properties, including retail stores, warehouse facilities and office space. We also lease certain equipment and vehicles. These are generally leased under noncancelable agreements and include various renewal options for additional periods. These agreements generally provide for minimum, and in some cases, percentage rentals, and require us to pay insurance, taxes and other maintenance costs. Percentage rentals are based on sales performance in excess of specified minimums at various stores and are accounted for in the period in which the amount of percentage rentals can be accurately estimated. All of our lease agreements are classified as operating leases. Effective February 3, 2019, we adopted Accounting Standards Codification Topic 842, Leases ("ASC 842"). Under ASC 842, fixed payments associated with our operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use ("ROU") assets and both current and noncurrent operating lease liabilities on the balance sheet. We determine if an arrangement is considered a lease at inception. We recognize ROU assets, on the commencement date based on the present value of future minimum lease payments over the lease term, including reasonably certain renewal options. As the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable for most leases, we utilize our incremental borrowing rate ("IBR") to determine the present value of future payments. The incremental borrowing rate represents a significant judgment that is based on an analysis of our credit rating, country risk, corporate bond yields, the effect of collateralization, as well as comparison to our borrowing rates. For our real estate leases, we do not separate the components of a contract, thus our future payments include minimum rent payments and fixed executory costs. For our non-real estate leases, future payments include only fixed minimum rent payments. We record the amortization of our ROU assets and the accretion of our lease liabilities as a single lease cost on a straight-line basis over the lease term, which includes option terms we are reasonably certain to exercise. We recognize our cash or lease incentives as a reduction to the ROU asset. We assess ROU assets for impairment in accordance with our long-lived asset impairment policy, which is performed periodically or when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Prior to our adoption of ASC 842, liabilities for future rental payments for operating leases were not recognized on the balance sheet. Leases with step rent provisions, escalation clauses or other lease concessions were accounted for on a straight-line basis over the lease term, which included renewal option periods when we were reasonably assured of exercising the renewal options and included “rent holidays” (periods in which we were not obligated to pay rent). Cash or lease incentives received upon entering into certain store leases (“tenant improvement allowances”) were also recognized on a straight-line basis as a reduction to rent expense over the lease term. We recorded the unamortized portion of tenant improvement allowances as a part of deferred rent. Foreign Currency Generally, we have determined that the functional currencies of our foreign subsidiaries are the subsidiaries’ local currencies. The assets and liabilities of the subsidiaries are translated at the applicable exchange rate as of the end of the balance sheet date and revenue and expenses are translated at an average rate over the period. Currency translation adjustments are recorded as a component of other comprehensive income. Currency translation adjustments related to divested foreign businesses are reclassified into earnings as a component of SG&A in our consolidated statements of operations once the liquidation of the respective foreign businesses is substantially complete. Net gains from foreign currency transactions and derivatives are included in selling, general and administrative expenses and were $1.0 million , $3.0 million and $2.4 million in fiscal 2019 , 2018 and 2017 , respectively. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are the result of decreases or increases in the value of the U.S. dollar compared to the functional currencies of the countries in which we operate internationally. We use forward exchange contracts to manage currency risk primarily related to foreign-currency denominated intercompany assets and liabilities. The forward exchange contracts are not designated as hedges and, therefore, changes in the fair values of these derivatives are recognized in earnings, thereby offsetting the current earnings effect of the re-measurement of related intercompany loans. See Note 5, "Fair Value Measurements and Financial Instruments," for additional information regarding our forward exchange contracts. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued Accounting Standard Update ("ASU") 2016-02, Leases, which requires a lessee to recognize a liability related to lease payments and a corresponding right-of-use asset representing a right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. Entities are required to use a modified retrospective transition approach for leases that exist or are entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain reliefs available. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements , which provides clarifications and improvements to ASU 2016-02 including allowing entities to elect an additional transition method with which to adopt ASU 2016-02. The approved transition method enables entities to apply the transition requirements in this ASU at the effective date of ASU 2016-02 (rather than at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented) with the effect of initially applying ASU 2016-02 recognized as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings in the period of adoption. Consequently, an entity’s reporting for the comparative periods presented in the year of adoption would continue to be in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification Topic 840, Leases (“ASC 840”), including the disclosure requirements of ASC 840. In March 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-01, Leases which clarifies the disclosure requirements for interim periods. We adopted the new lease standard, ASC 842, effective February 3, 2019, using the modified-retrospective transition approach as outlined in ASU 2018-11, with no restatement of comparative periods. As permitted by the standard, we elected certain practical expedients, including the "package of practical expedients," under which we did not reassess our prior conclusions regarding lease identification, lease classification, or capitalization of initial lease direct costs for existing or expired contracts. For our real estate leases, we elected the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components. For our non-real estate leases, we elected to separate lease and non-lease components. We did not elect to exclude short-term leases from our right-of-use asset and liability balances, nor did we elect the hindsight practical expedient. Under the modified-retrospective transition approach, we have recorded adjustments to our fiscal 2019 opening balance sheet (as of February 3, 2019) to recognize an initial operating lease right-of-use asset and corresponding initial lease liability of approximately $850 million . See Note 11 , "Leases," for further details. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers , which sets forth a new five-step revenue recognition model that replaces the prior revenue recognition guidance in its entirety. In 2016, the FASB issued several ASUs that further amended the new revenue standard in the areas of principal versus agent evaluation, licenses of intellectual property, identifying performance obligations, and other clarifications and technical corrections. The underlying principle of the new standard is that an entity will recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects what it expects in exchange for the goods or services. The updated standard also requires additional disclosures on the nature, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and related cash flows. We adopted the new revenue standard on the first day of fiscal year 2018, effective February 4, 2018, by utilizing the modified retrospective transition approach. The new revenue standard primarily impacted the accounting of our PowerUp Rewards loyalty program and the recognition of breakage associated with our gift cards liability. For our loyalty program, we previously estimated the net cost of the rewards that were issued and recorded this cost (presented as cost of sales) and the associated balance sheet liability as points were accumulated by our loyalty program members. Under the new standard, the transaction price is allocated between the product(s) and loyalty points earned based on the relative stand-alone selling prices and expected point redemption. The portion allocated to the loyalty points is initially recorded as deferred revenue and subsequently recognized as revenue upon redemption or expiration. For our gift cards liability, estimated breakage on unused gift cards and merchandise credit liabilities was previously recognized on a quarterly basis (recorded to cost of sales) to the extent that we believed the likelihood of redemption was remote, generally for balances older than two years. Under the new standard, we recognize breakage in revenue upon redemption and in proportion to historical redemption patterns, regardless of the age of the unused gift cards and merchandise credit liabilities. In addition, the new revenue standard requires presentation of our sales return reserve to be on a gross basis, consisting of a separate right of return asset and liability. The adoption of the new standard resulted in expanded revenue recognition disclosures which are included below in Note 3 , “Revenue.” The impact of the new revenue standard to our statements of operations for fiscal 2018 is as follows (in millions): Fiscal Year 2018 Under Prior Standard Impact of New Standard As Reported Net sales $ 8,240.7 $ 44.6 $ 8,285.3 Cost of sales 5,937.1 40.1 5,977.2 Gross profit 2,303.6 4.5 2,308.1 Operating (loss) earnings from continuing operations (706.5 ) 4.5 (702.0 ) (Loss) earnings from continuing operations before income taxes (757.6 ) 4.5 (753.1 ) Income tax expense 40.5 1.2 41.7 Net (loss) income from continuing operations (798.1 ) 3.3 (794.8 ) Recent Accounting Pronouncements In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes . This standard is intended to simplify the accounting and disclosure requirements for income taxes by eliminating various exceptions in accounting for income taxes as well as clarifying and amending existing guidance to improve consistency in application of ASC 740. The provisions of ASU 201 |
