eHealth 10Q 2023 Q1 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-33071

_____________________________________________

EHEALTH, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

_____________________________________________


Delaware						56-2357876
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2625 AUGUSTINE DRIVE, SUITE 150

SANTA CLARA, CA 95054

(Address of principal executive offices)

(650) 210-3150

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share	EHTH	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulations S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☐

Accelerated filer

☒

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding as of April 28, 2023 was 27,709,543 shares.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

In addition to historical information, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act") and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). The words “expect,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “target,” “goal,” “project,” “hope,” “intend,” “plan,” “seek,” “continue,” “may,” “could,” “should,” “might,” “forecast,” "depends," "predict" and variations or the negative of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. These statements include, among other things, statements regarding the following:

•our expectations relating to estimated membership and approved members;

•our estimates regarding the constrained lifetime value of commissions and commissions receivable;

•our expectations relating to revenue, operating costs, cash flows and profitability;

•our expectations regarding our strategy and investments;

•our expectations regarding our business, including market opportunity, consumer demand and our competitive advantage;

•our expectations regarding our individual and family business, Medicare Supplement and other ancillary products, including anticipated trends and our ability to enroll individuals and families into qualified health plans;

•our expectations regarding our growth strategies and cost-saving initiatives;

•the impact of future and existing laws and regulations on our business;

•the impact of public health crises, pandemics, natural disasters, changing climate conditions and other extreme events;

•the impact of macroeconomic conditions, including adverse events or perceptions affecting the U.S. or international financial systems, inflationary pressures and the political climate on our business;

•our expectations regarding commission rates, conversion rates, plan termination rates and duration, membership retention rates and membership acquisition costs;

•our expectations regarding health insurance agents licensing and productivity;

•our expectations regarding beneficiary complaints, customer experience and enrollment quality;

•our expectations relating to the seasonality of our business;

•expected competition, including from government-run health insurance exchanges and other sources;

•our expectations relating to marketing and advertising expense and expected contributions from our marketing and strategic partnership channels;

•the timing of our receipt of commission and other payments;

•our critical accounting policies and related estimates;

•liquidity and capital needs;

•political, legislative, regulatory and legal challenges;

•the merits or potential impact of any lawsuits filed against us; and

•other statements regarding our future operations, financial condition, prospects and business strategies.

We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations about future events. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Our actual results may differ materially from those suggested by these forward-looking statements for various reasons, including our ability to retain existing members and enroll new members during the annual healthcare open enrollment period, the Medicare annual enrollment period, the Medicare Advantage open enrollment period and other special enrollment periods; changes in laws, regulations and guidelines, including in connection with healthcare reform or with respect to the marketing and sale of Medicare plans; competition, including competition from government-run health insurance exchanges and other sources; the seasonality of our business and the fluctuation of our operating results; our ability to accurately estimate membership, lifetime value of commissions and commissions receivable; changes in product offerings among carriers on our ecommerce platform and changes in our estimated conversion rate of an approved member to a paying member and the resulting impact of each on our commission revenue; the concentration of our revenue with a small number of health insurance carriers; our ability to execute on our growth strategy and other business initiatives; changes in our management and key employees; our ability to hire, train, retain and ensure the productivity of licensed health insurance agents and other employees; exposure to security risks and our ability to safeguard the security and privacy of confidential data; our relationships with health insurance carriers; the success of our carrier advertising and sponsorship

program; our success in marketing and selling health insurance plans and our unit cost of acquisition; our ability to effectively manage our operations as our business evolves and execute on our transformation plan and other strategic initiatives; the need for health insurance carrier and regulatory approvals in connection with the marketing of Medicare-related insurance products; changes in the market for private health insurance; consumer satisfaction of our service and actions we take to improve the quality of enrollments; changes in member conversion rates; changes in commission rates; our ability to sell qualified health insurance plans to subsidy-eligible individuals and to enroll subsidy-eligible individuals through government-run health insurance exchanges; our ability to maintain and enhance our brand identity; our ability to derive desired benefits from investments in our business, including membership growth and retention initiatives; reliance on marketing partners; the impact of our direct-to-consumer mail, email, social media, telephone and television marketing efforts; timing of receipt and accuracy of commission reports; payment practices of health insurance carriers; dependence on our operations in China; the restrictions in our debt obligations; the restrictions in our investment agreement with convertible preferred stock investors; our ability to raise additional capital; compliance with insurance, privacy and other laws and regulations; the outcome of litigation in which we may from time to time be involved; the performance, reliability and availability of our information technology systems, ecommerce platform and underlying network infrastructure, including any new systems we may implement; public health crises, pandemics, natural disasters, changing climate conditions and other extreme events; general economic conditions, including inflation, recession, financial, banking and credit market disruptions; our ability to affectively administer our self-insurance program; and those identified under the heading “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A. of this report and those discussed in our other Securities and Exchange Commission filings. Given these risks and uncertainties, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements included in this report are made only as of the date hereof. Except as required by applicable law, we do not undertake, and specifically decline, any obligation to update any of these statements or to publicly announce the results of any revisions to any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, changes in assumptions or otherwise.

Because these forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, there are important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements.

SUMMARY OF RISK FACTORS

The following is a summary of the principal risks we face, any of which could adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition or prospects:

•The markets in which we participate are intensely competitive, and if we cannot compete effectively against current and future competitors, including government-run health insurance exchanges, our business, operating results and financial condition could suffer.

•Our business may be harmed if we lose our relationship with health insurance carriers or our relationship with health insurance carriers is modified.

•We derive a significant portion of our revenue from a small number of health insurance carriers, and any impairment of our relationship with them or impairment of their business could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

•If we are unable to successfully attract and convert qualified prospects into members for whom we receive commissions, our business, operating results and financial condition would be harmed.

•Our financial results will be adversely impacted if we are unable to retain our existing members.

•Our business is seasonal in nature, and if we are not successful in responding to changes in the seasonality of our business, our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed.

•Changes in our management or key employees could affect our business and financial results.

•Our business success depends on our ability to timely hire, train and retain qualified licensed health insurance agents to provide superior customer service and support our strategic initiatives while also controlling our labor costs.

•Our business may be harmed if we are not successful in executing on our operational and strategic plans, including our growth strategies, cost-saving and enrollment quality initiatives.

•Our failure to effectively manage our operations and maintain our company culture as our business evolves and our work practices change could harm us.

•If we are not able to maintain and enhance our brand, our business and operating results could be harmed.

•We depend upon Internet search engines and social media platforms to attract a significant portion of the consumers who visit our website, and if we are unable to effectively advertise on search engines or social media platforms on a cost-effective basis, our business and operating results would be harmed.

•We rely significantly on marketing partners, and our business and operating results would be harmed if we are unable to maintain effective relationships with our existing marketing partners or if we do not establish successful relationships with new marketing partners.

•If our carrier advertising and sponsorship program is not successful, our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed.

•Our commission revenue could be negatively impacted by changes in our estimated conversion rate of an approved member to a paying member, our forecast of average plan duration or our forecast of likely commission amounts.

•If commission reports we receive from carriers are inaccurate or not sent to us in a timely manner, our business and operating results could be harmed, and we may not recognize trends in our membership.

•We do not receive information about membership cancellations from our health insurance carriers directly, which makes it difficult for us to determine the impact of current conditions on our membership retention and to accurately estimate membership as of a specific date.

•Our operations in China involve many risks that could increase expenses, expose us to increased liability and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

•Our self-insurance programs may expose us to significant and unexpected costs and losses.

•The marketing and sale of Medicare plans are subject to numerous, complex and frequently changing laws, regulations and guidelines, and non-compliance with or changes in laws, regulations and guidelines could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

•Changes and developments in the health insurance industry or system, including changes in laws and regulations, could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

•From time to time we are subject to various legal proceedings which could adversely affect our business.

•We may be unable to operate our business if we fail to maintain our health insurance licenses and otherwise comply with the numerous laws and regulations applicable to the sale of health insurance.

•Increasing regulatory focus on privacy and security issues and expanding laws could impact our business and expose us to increased liability.

•Any legal liability, regulatory penalties, complaints or negative publicity related to the information on our website or that we otherwise provide could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

•Our operating results will be impacted by factors that impact our estimate of the constrained lifetime value of commissions per approved member.

•Our agreements with our lender and convertible preferred stock investors contain restrictions that impact our business and expose us to risks that could materially adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition.

•Operating and growing our business is likely to require additional capital, and if capital is not available to us, our business, operating results and financial condition may suffer.

•If we fail to properly maintain existing or implement new information systems, our business may be materially adversely affected.

•Our business is subject to security risks and, if we experience a successful cyberattack, a security breach or are otherwise unable to safeguard the confidentiality and integrity of the data we hold, including sensitive personal information, our business will be harmed.

•We may not be able to adequately protect our intellectual property, which could harm our business and operating results.

•Our future operating results are likely to fluctuate and could fall short of expectations, which could negatively affect the value of our common stock.

•Our actual operating results may differ significantly from our guidance.

•The price of our common stock has been and may continue to be volatile, and the value of your investment could decline.

•Our convertible preferred stock investors have rights, preferences and privileges that are not held by, and are preferential to, the rights of our common stockholders, which could adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition, result in the interests of our convertible preferred stock investors differing from those of our common stockholders and make an acquisition of us more difficult.

•We are subject to risks associated with public health crises, pandemics, natural disasters, changing climate conditions and other extreme events, including legal, regulatory and social responses thereto, which have and could have an adverse effect on our business.

•We face risks related to heightened inflation, recession, financial and credit market disruptions and other economic conditions.

Our Risk Factors are not guarantees that no such conditions exist as of the date of this report and should not be interpreted as an affirmative statement that such risks or conditions have not materialized, in whole or in part.

EHEALTH, INC.

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS


PART I	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	PAGE
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	2
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	5
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	6
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	26
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	43
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	44

PART II	OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	45
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	45

Item 6.	Exhibits	75
Signatures		76

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

EHEALTH, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, unaudited)


	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	180,633	$	144,401
Short-term marketable securities	22,059		—
Accounts receivable	1,027		2,633
Contract assets – commissions receivable – current	205,679		242,749
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	11,266		11,301
Total current assets	420,664		401,084
Contract assets – commissions receivable – non-current	596,354		641,555
Property and equipment, net	4,994		5,501

Operating lease right-of-use assets	25,381		26,516
Restricted cash	3,239		3,239


Other assets	32,402		34,716
Total assets	$	1,083,034	$	1,112,611

Liabilities, convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	5,273	$	6,732
Accrued compensation and benefits	27,884		20,690
Accrued marketing expenses	8,751		23,770

Lease liabilities – current	6,628		6,486

Other current liabilities	2,931		2,887
Total current liabilities	51,467		60,565
Long-term debt	66,508		66,129
Deferred income taxes – non-current	28,748		32,359
Lease liabilities – non-current	32,549		34,187
Other non-current liabilities	4,400		5,132
Total liabilities	183,672		198,372
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
Convertible preferred stock	271,454		263,284
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock	40		40
Additional paid-in capital	782,065		777,187
Treasury stock, at cost	(199,998)		(199,998)
Retained earnings	45,751		73,799
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	50		(73)
Total stockholders’ equity	627,908		650,955
Total liabilities, convertible preferred stock, and stockholders’ equity	$	1,083,034	$	1,112,611

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

EHEALTH, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(in thousands, except per share amounts, unaudited)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2023		2022
Revenue:
Commission		$	68,003	$	93,850
Other		5,720		11,400
Total revenue		73,723		105,250
Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue		215		(127)
Marketing and advertising		32,899		58,454
Customer care and enrollment		26,957		42,164
Technology and content		15,544		19,663
General and administrative		21,002		19,987


Impairment, restructuring and other charges		—		4,823

Total operating costs and expenses		96,617		144,964
Loss from operations		(22,894)		(39,714)
Other expense, net		(592)		(1,021)
Loss before income taxes		(23,486)		(40,735)
Benefit from income taxes		(3,608)		(7,993)
Net loss		(19,878)		(32,742)

Paid-in-kind dividends for preferred stock		(5,101)		(4,717)
Change in preferred stock redemption value		(3,069)		(2,501)

Net loss attributable to common stockholders		$	(28,048)	$	(39,960)

Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic and diluted		$	(1.01)	$	(1.46)

Weighted-average number of shares used in per share amounts:
Basic and diluted		27,648		27,278

Comprehensive income (loss):
Net loss		$	(19,878)	$	(32,742)
Unrealized holding gain for available-for-sale debt securities, net of tax		13		8
Foreign currency translation adjustments		110		23
Comprehensive loss		$	(19,755)	$	(32,711)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

EHEALTH, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands, unaudited)


Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Treasury Stock			Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount				Shares	Amount
Balance as of December 31, 2022	39,977	$	40	$	777,187	12,415	$	(199,998)	$	73,799	$	(73)	$	650,955
Issuance of common stock in connection with equity incentive plans	160	—		—		—	—		—		—		—
Repurchase of shares to satisfy employee tax withholding obligations	—	—		(428)		57	—		—		—		(428)
Paid-in-kind dividend and accretion related to convertible preferred stock	—	—		—		—	—		(8,170)		—		(8,170)

Stock-based compensation	—	—		5,306		—	—		—		—		5,306
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—	—		—		—	—		—		123		123
Net loss	—	—		—		—	—		(19,878)		—		(19,878)
Balance as of March 31, 2023	40,137	$	40	$	782,065	12,472	$	(199,998)	$	45,751	$	50	$	627,908


Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Treasury Stock			Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount				Shares	Amount
Balance as of December 31, 2021	38,704	$	39	$	755,875	12,016	$	(199,998)	$	193,213	$	390	$	749,519
Issuance of common stock in connection with equity incentive plans	176	—		1,054		—	—		—		—		1,054
Repurchase of shares to satisfy employee tax withholding obligations	—	—		(508)		37	—		—		—		(508)
Paid-in-kind dividend and accretion related to convertible preferred stock	—	—		—		—	—		(7,218)		—		(7,218)

Stock-based compensation	—	—		5,791		—	—		—		—		5,791
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—	—		—		—	—		—		31		31
Net loss	—	—		—		—	—		(32,742)		—		(32,742)
Balance as of March 31, 2022	38,880	$	39	$	762,212	12,053	$	(199,998)	$	153,253	$	421	$	715,927

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

EHEALTH, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands, unaudited)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Operating activities:
Net loss	$	(19,878)	$	(32,742)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	656		946
Amortization of internally developed software	4,589		3,832

Stock-based compensation expense	4,994		5,285
Deferred income taxes	(3,611)		(8,032)



Other non-cash items	61		215
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	1,605		3,773
Contract assets – commissions receivable	82,507		77,142
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(125)		12,418
Accounts payable	(1,493)		(5,525)
Accrued compensation and benefits	7,193		2,042
Accrued marketing expenses	(15,019)		(16,848)
Deferred revenue	(372)		(223)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	(304)		4,829
Net cash provided by operating activities	60,803		47,112
Investing activities:
Capitalized internal-use software and website development costs	(2,164)		(4,205)
Purchases of property and equipment and other assets	(67)		(55)
Purchases of marketable securities	(22,009)		(3,938)
Proceeds from redemption and maturities of marketable securities	—		34,319


Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(24,240)		26,121
Financing activities:


Net proceeds from debt financing	—		64,862
Net proceeds from exercise of common stock options and employee stock purchases	—		1,054
Repurchase of shares to satisfy employee tax withholding obligations	(428)		(508)




Principal payments in connection with leases	(11)		(35)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(439)		65,373
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	108		31
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	36,232		138,637
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	147,640		85,165
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	183,872	$	223,802

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.


Table of Contents

EHEALTH, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

Note 1 – Summary of Business and Significant Accounting Policies

Description of Business – eHealth, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively, "eHealth") is a leading private online health insurance marketplace with a technology and service platform that provides consumer engagement, education and health insurance enrollment solutions. Our mission is to expertly guide consumers through their health insurance enrollment and related options, when, where and how they prefer. Our platform leverages technology to solve a critical problem in a large and growing market by aiding consumers in what has traditionally been a complex, confusing, and opaque health insurance purchasing process. Our omnichannel consumer engagement platform differentiates our offering from other brokers and enables consumers to use our services online, by telephone with a licensed insurance agent, or through a hybrid online assisted interaction that includes live agent chat and co-browsing capabilities. We have created a consumer-centric marketplace that offers consumers a broad choice of insurance products that includes thousands of Medicare Advantage, Medicare Supplement, Medicare Part D prescription drug, individual, family, small business and other ancillary health insurance products from approximately 200 health insurance carriers across all fifty states and the District of Columbia. Our plan recommendation tool curates this broad plan selection by analyzing customer health-related information against plan data for insurance coverage fit. This tool is supported by a unified data platform and is available to our ecommerce customers and our licensed agents. We strive to be the most trusted partner to the consumer in their life's journey through the health insurance market.

Unless otherwise specified or required by the context, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to "eHealth," "the Company,” “we,” “us” or "our" mean eHealth and its consolidated direct and indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries.

Basis of Presentation – The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2023 and other condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 are unaudited. The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet data as of December 31, 2022 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 1, 2023. The accompanying financial statements and related notes should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and reflect all normal recurring adjustments that are necessary to present fairly the results for the interim periods presented. The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of eHealth, Inc. and its direct and indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain information and disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted in accordance with those rules and regulations. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with our current period presentation.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 and include all adjustments necessary for the fair presentation of our financial position as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, and our results of operations for the periods presented. The results for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any subsequent period or for the year ending December 31, 2023 and therefore should not be relied upon as an indicator of future results.


Table of Contents

EHEALTH, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

Significant Accounting Policies, Estimates and Judgments – The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to, but not limited to, the fair value of investments, the commissions we expect to collect for each approved member cohort, valuation allowance for deferred income taxes, provision (benefit) for income taxes and the assumptions used in determining stock-based compensation. We base our estimates of the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable. Actual results may differ from these estimates. There have been no material changes to our significant accounting policies discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

We did not adopt any new accounting pronouncements during the three months ended March 31, 2023.


Table of Contents

EHEALTH, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

Note 2 – Revenue

Disaggregation of Revenue – The table below depicts the disaggregation of revenue by product and is consistent with how we evaluate our financial performance (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2023		2022
Medicare
Medicare Advantage		$	54,121	$	78,130
Medicare Supplement		4,065		6,120
Medicare Part D		777		1,460
Total Medicare		58,963		85,710
Individual and Family (1)
Non-Qualified Health Plans		2,355		1,610
Qualified Health Plans		1,651		1,516
Total Individual and Family		4,006		3,126
Ancillary
Short-term		984		1,343
Dental		710		831
Vision		210		243
Other		518		414
Total Ancillary		2,422		2,831
Small Business		4,873		3,483
Commission Bonus and Other		(2,261)		(1,300)
Total Commission Revenue		68,003		93,850
Other Revenue
Sponsorship and Advertising Revenue		4,943		10,645
Other		777		755
Total Other Revenue		5,720		11,400
Total Revenue		$	73,723	$	105,250

_____________

(1)We define our individual and family plan offerings as major medical individual and family health insurance plans, which do not include Medicare-related, small business or ancillary plans. Individual and family plans include both qualified and non-qualified plans. Qualified health plans meet the requirements of the Affordable Care Act and are offered through the government-run health insurance exchange in the relevant jurisdiction. Non-qualified health plans do not meet the requirements of the Affordable Care Act and are not offered through the government-run health insurance exchange in the relevant jurisdiction. Individuals that purchase non-qualified health plans cannot receive a subsidy in connection with the purchase of non-qualified plans.


Table of Contents

EHEALTH, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

Commission revenue by segment is presented in the table below (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2023		2022
Medicare
Commission revenue from members approved during the period		$	56,617	$	84,283
Net commission revenue from members approved in prior periods(1)		52		51
Total Medicare segment commission revenue		$	56,669	$	84,334
Individual, Family and Small Business
Commission revenue from members approved during the period		$	6,708	$	6,042
Commission revenue from renewals of small business members during the period		3,113		3,037
Net commission revenue from members approved in prior periods(1)		1,513		437
Total Individual, Family and Small Business segment commission revenue		$	11,334	$	9,516

Total commission revenue from members approved during the period		$	63,325	$	90,325
Commission revenue from renewals of small business members during the period		3,113		3,037
Total net commission revenue from members approved in prior periods (1)(2)		1,565		488
Total commission revenue		$	68,003	$	93,850

_____________

(1)These amounts reflect our revised estimates of cash collections for certain members approved prior to the relevant reporting period that are recognized as adjustments to revenue within the relevant reporting period. The net adjustment revenue includes both increases in revenue for certain prior period cohorts as well as reductions in revenue for certain prior period cohorts.

(2)The impacts of total net commission revenue from members approved in prior periods were $0.06 and $0.02 per basic and diluted share, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. There were no reductions to revenue from members approved in prior periods for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

Note 3 – Supplemental Financial Statement Information

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

We consider all investments with an original maturity of 90 days or less from the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are stated at fair value. We also invest in marketable securities that are measured and recorded at fair value. See Note 4 – Fair Value Measurements for further discussion about our marketable securities.

Our cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash balances are summarized as follows (in thousands):


	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash	$	24,390	$	17,776
Cash equivalents	156,243		126,625
Cash and cash equivalents	180,633		144,401
Restricted cash	3,239		3,239
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	183,872	$	147,640

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had $3.2 million of restricted cash which was classified as a non-current asset on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. This amount collateralizes letters of credit related to certain lease commitments.


Table of Contents

EHEALTH, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

Contract Assets and Accounts Receivable

We do not require collateral or other security for our contract assets and accounts receivable. We believe the potential for collection issues with any of our customers was minimal as of March 31, 2023.

We estimate an allowance for credit losses using relevant available information from internal and external sources, related to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Specifically, for the purpose of measuring the probability of default parameters, we utilize Capital IQ’s, Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s analytics. Our estimates of loss given default are determined by using our historical collections data as well as historical information obtained through our research and review of other insurance related companies. Our estimated exposure at default is determined by applying these internal and external data sources to our commissions receivable balances. As such, we apply an immediate reversion method and revert to historical loss information when computing our credit loss exposure. Credit loss expenses are assessed quarterly and are included in the "General and administrative" line in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss. There were no write-offs during the three months ended March 31, 2023 or for the year ended December 31, 2022.

The change in the allowance for credit losses is summarized as follows (in thousands):



	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Beginning balance	$	2,398	$	2,198
Change in allowance	(236)		200
Ending balance	$	2,162	$	2,398

Our contract assets – commissions receivable activities, net of credit loss allowances are summarized as follows (in thousands):


	Medicare Segment		IFP/SMB Segment		Total
Beginning balance at December 31, 2022	$	817,043	$	67,261	$	884,304
Commission revenue from members approved during the period	56,617		6,708		63,325
Commission revenue from renewals of small business members during the period	—		3,113		3,113
Net commission revenue from members approved in prior periods	52		1,513		1,565
Cash receipts	(139,771)		(10,739)		(150,510)
Net change in credit loss allowance	216		20		236
Ending balance at March 31, 2023	$	734,157	$	67,876	$	802,033

Credit Risk

Our financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk principally consist of cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, contract assets – commissions receivable, and accounts receivable. We invest our cash and cash equivalents with major banks and financial institutions, and, at times, such investments are in excess of federally insured limits. We also have deposits with major banks in China that are denominated in both U.S. dollars and Chinese Yuan Renminbi and are not insured by the U.S. federal government. The deposits in China were $5.4 million as of March 31, 2023. See Note 4 – Fair Value Measurements for more information regarding our marketable securities.


Table of Contents

EHEALTH, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

We do not require collateral or other security for either our contract assets or accounts receivable. Carriers that represented 10% or more of our total contract assets – commissions receivable and accounts receivable balances are summarized as follows:


	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Humana	26	%	26	%
UnitedHealthCare (1)	25	%	24	%
Aetna (1)	16	%	16	%

_____________

(1)Percentages include the carriers' subsidiaries.

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets – Our prepaid expenses and other current assets are summarized as follows (in thousands):


	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Prepaid software and maintenance contracts	$	5,526	$	5,211
Prepaid expenses	3,136		2,858
Prepaid licenses	1,196		1,116
Prepaid insurance	1,137		1,893
Other current assets	271		223

Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	11,266	$	11,301

Note 4 – Fair Value Measurements

We define fair value as the price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques we use to measure fair value maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. We classify the inputs used to measure fair value into the following hierarchy:


Level 1			Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2			Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities; unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability.
Level 3			Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.


Table of Contents

EHEALTH, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

Our financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below by their classification within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):


	March 31, 2023
	Carrying Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Cash equivalents
Money market funds	$	18,174	$	18,174	$	—	$	—	$	18,174
Commercial paper	117,710		—		117,710		—		117,710
Agency bonds	20,359		—		20,359		—		20,359
Short-term marketable securities

Commercial paper	22,059		—		22,059		—		22,059




Total assets measured at fair value	$	178,302	$	18,174	$	160,128	$	—	$	178,302


	December 31, 2022
	Carrying Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Cash equivalents
Money market funds	$	13,015	$	13,015	$	—	$	—	$	13,015
Commercial paper	112,268		—		112,268		—		112,268
Agency bonds	1,342		—		1,342		—		1,342




Total assets measured at fair value	$	126,625	$	13,015	$	113,610	$	—	$	126,625

We endeavor to utilize the best available information in measuring fair value. Our money market funds are measured at fair value based on quoted prices in active markets and are classified as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy. Our available-for-sale marketable securities, which include commercial paper with maturities of less than one year, are measured at fair value using quoted market prices to the extent available or alternative pricing sources and models utilizing market observable inputs and are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. Our portfolio primarily consisted of financial instruments with a credit rating of A or equivalent by S&P Rating and Moody's Investor Services. There were no transfers between the hierarchy levels during the three months ended March 31, 2023 or the year ended December 31, 2022.

The following table summarizes our cash equivalents and available-for-sale debt securities by contractual maturity (in thousands):


	As of March 31, 2023				As of December 31, 2022
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in 1 year	$	178,326	$	178,302	$	126,664	$	126,625


Table of Contents

EHEALTH, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities that are not credit related are included in accumulated other comprehensive income and summarized as follows (in thousands):


	March 31, 2023
	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Cash equivalents
Money market funds	$	18,174	$	—	$	—	$	18,174
Commercial paper	117,732		—		(22)		117,710
Agency bonds	20,349		10		—		20,359
Short-term marketable securities

Commercial paper	22,071		—		(12)		22,059



Total	$	178,326	$	10	$	(34)	$	178,302


	December 31, 2022
	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Cash equivalents
Money market funds	$	13,015	$	—	$	—	$	13,015
Commercial paper	112,307		—		(39)		112,268
Agency bonds	1,342		—		—		1,342






Total	$	126,664	$	—	$	(39)	$	126,625

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had 28 and 26 securities, respectively, in net loss positions and their unrealized losses were immaterial individually and in aggregate. We did not record any credit losses regarding our available-for-sale debt securities during the three months ended March 31, 2023 or the year ended December 31, 2022. We do not intend to sell these securities, and it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell these securities before the recovery of their amortized cost basis.

Note 5 – Equity

2021 Inducement Plan – On September 22, 2021, the Company adopted an inducement plan (the “2021 Inducement Plan”), pursuant to which the Company reserved 0.4 million shares of its common stock (subject to customary adjustments in the event of a change in capital structure of the Company) to be used exclusively for grants of awards to individuals who were not previously employees or directors of the Company, other than following a bona fide period of non-employment, as an inducement material to the individual's entry into employment with the Company within the meaning of Rule 5635(c)(4) of the Nasdaq Listing Rules (“Nasdaq Rules”). In March 2022 and September 2022, the Company amended and restated its 2021 Inducement Plan to reserve an additional 0.5 million and 1.5 million shares of its common stock, respectively (as amended and restated, the "A&R 2021 Inducement Plan"). The 2021 Inducement Plan and its amendments were approved by the Company's Board of Directors without stockholder approval pursuant to Rule 5635(c)(4) of the Nasdaq Rules, and the terms and conditions of the A&R 2021 Inducement Plan and awards to be granted thereunder are substantially similar to our stockholder-approved Amended and Restated 2014 Equity Incentive Plan. As of March 31, 2023, 1.6 million shares were issued under the A&R 2021 Inducement Plan.

Stock Repurchase Programs – We had no stock repurchase activity during the three months ended March 31, 2023 or 2022. As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, we had a total of 12.5 million shares and 12.1 million shares, respectively, held in treasury. As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, we had 1.8 million and 1.4 million shares, respectively, in treasury that were previously surrendered by employees to satisfy tax withholding due in connection


Table of Contents

EHEALTH, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

with the vesting of certain restricted stock units as well as 10.7 million shares previously repurchased under our past repurchase programs.

For accounting purposes, common stock repurchased under our stock repurchase programs is recorded based upon the settlement date of the applicable trade. Such repurchased shares are held in treasury and are presented using the cost method.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense – Our stock-based compensation expense is summarized as follows by award types for the periods presented below (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2023		2022
Restricted stock units*		$	4,677	$	4,706
Common stock options		254		257
Employee stock purchase program		63		322
Total stock-based compensation expense		$	4,994	$	5,285
Related tax benefit recognized		$	1,170	$	1,225

_________

* Amounts include market-based and performance-based restricted stock units.

The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense by operating function for the periods presented below (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2023		2022
Marketing and advertising		$	455	$	313
Customer care and enrollment		605		454
Technology and content		905		1,850
General and administrative		3,029		2,668

Total stock-based compensation expense		$	4,994	$	5,285
Amount capitalized for internal-use software		312		506
Total stock-based compensation		$	5,306	$	5,791

Note 6 — Convertible Preferred Stock

On April 30, 2021 (the “Closing Date”), we issued and sold to Echelon Health SPV, LP (“H.I.G.”), an investment vehicle of H.I.G. Capital, in a private placement, 2,250,000 shares of our newly designated Series A convertible preferred stock (the “Series A preferred stock”), par value $0.001 per share, at an aggregate purchase price of $225.0 million. We received $214.0 million in net proceeds from the private placement with H.I.G., net of sales commissions and certain transaction fees totaling $11.0 million. The Series A preferred stock ranks senior to all other equity securities of the Company with respect to dividend rights and rights on the distribution of assets on any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Company.

Dividends – Dividends initially accrue on the Series A preferred stock daily at 8% per annum on the stated value of $100 per share (“Stated Value”) and compound semiannually, payable in kind (“PIK”) until the second anniversary of the Closing Date on June 30 and December 31 of each year (each, a “Dividend Payment Date”), beginning on June 30, 2021, and thereafter 6% PIK and 2% payable in cash in arrears on June 30 and December 31 of each year, beginning on June 30, 2023. PIK dividends are cumulative and are added to the Accrued Value (as


Table of Contents

EHEALTH, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

defined below). “Accrued Value” means, as of any date, with respect to any share of Series A preferred stock, the sum of the Stated Value per share plus, on each Dividend Payment Date, on a cumulative basis, all PIK dividends that have accrued on such share but that have not previously been added to the Accrued Value. The Series A preferred stock participates, on an as-converted basis, in all dividends paid to the holders of our common stock.

Conversion Rights – The Series A preferred stock is convertible at any time into common stock at a conversion rate equal to (i) the Accrued Value plus accrued PIK dividends that have not yet been added to the Accrued Value, (ii) divided by the conversion price as of the applicable conversion date (the “Conversion Price”). As of the date of this report, the Conversion Price is equal to $79.5861 per share. This Conversion Price is subject to further adjustment and the number of shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Series A preferred stock is subject to certain limitations, each as set forth in the Certificate of Designations of Series A preferred stock, as filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on April 30, 2021 (the “Certificate of Designations”).

Redemption Put Right – At any time on or after the sixth anniversary of the Closing Date, holders of the Series A preferred stock will have the right to cause the Company to redeem all or any portion of the Series A preferred stock in cash at an amount equal to the greater of (i) 135% of the Accrued Value per share as of the redemption date, plus accrued PIK dividends that have not yet been added to the Accrued Value and (ii) the amount per share that would be payable on an as-converted basis on such Series A preferred stock at the then-current Accrued Value, plus accrued PIK dividends that have not yet been added to the Accrued Value, and in either case of (i) or (ii) plus any unpaid cash dividends that would have otherwise been settled in cash in connection with such conversion (the greater of (i) and (ii), the “Redemption Price”).

Redemption Call Right – At any time on or after the sixth anniversary of the Closing Date, the Company will have the right (but not the obligation) to redeem out of legally available funds and for cash consideration all (but not less than all) of the Series A preferred stock upon at least 30 days prior written notice at an amount equal to the Redemption Price.

Board Nomination Rights – H.I.G. is entitled to nominate one individual for election to our Board of Directors so long as it continues to own at least 30% of the common stock issuable or issued upon conversion of the Series A preferred stock originally issued to it in the private placement. H.I.G. also has the right to nominate an additional individual to our Board of Directors if we fail to maintain certain levels of commissions receivable or liquidity as further discussed below.

Voting Rights – The Series A preferred stock will vote together with the common stock as a single class on all matters submitted to a vote of the holders of the common stock (subject to certain voting limitations set forth in, and the terms and conditions of, the Certificate of Designations). Each holder of Series A preferred stock shall be entitled to the number of votes, rounded down to the nearest whole number, equal to the product of (i) the aggregate Accrued Value of the issued and outstanding shares of Series A preferred stock divided by $69.684, which is the "Minimum Price" computed in accordance with the Certificate of Designations (as further described below), multiplied by (ii) a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of shares of Series A preferred stock held by such holder and the denominator of which is the aggregate number of issued and outstanding shares of Series A preferred stock. “Minimum Price” means the lower of: (i) the Nasdaq Official Closing Price per share of common stock on the Closing Date; or (ii) the average Nasdaq Official Closing Price per share of common stock for the five trading days immediately prior to the Closing Date. Holders of Series A preferred stock will have one vote per share on any matter on which the holders of the Series A preferred stock are entitled to vote separately as a class (subject to certain voting limitations set forth in, and the terms and conditions of, the Certificate of Designations).

Mandatory Conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock – At any time on or after the third anniversary of the Closing Date, if the volume-weighted average price per share of our common stock is greater than 167.5% of the then-current Conversion Price for 20 consecutive trading days in a 30-day trading day period, the Company will have the right to convert all, but not less than all, of the Series A preferred stock into common stock at a conversion rate with respect to each share of Series A preferred stock of (i) the Accrued Value plus accrued PIK dividends that have not yet been added to the Accrued Value, (ii) divided by the then applicable Conversion Price.


Table of Contents

EHEALTH, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

Covenants and Liquidity Requirements – As long as H.I.G. continues to own at least 30% of the Series A preferred stock originally issued to it in the private placement, the consent of H.I.G. will be required for the Company to incur certain indebtedness and to take certain other corporate actions as set forth in the Company's investment agreement with H.I.G. entered into on February 17, 2021 (the “Investment Agreement”). In addition, the Company is required to maintain an asset coverage ratio (as defined in the Investment Agreement) of at least 2x, which increases to 2.5x 30 months after the date of the Investment Agreement. Additionally, the Investment Agreement requires the Company to maintain a minimum liquidity amount (as defined in the Investment Agreement) for certain periods that ranges from $65.0 million to $125.0 million. If the Company fails to maintain the minimum asset coverage ratio or minimum liquidity amount as of a certain date or for a certain time period required by the Investment Agreement and H.I.G continues to own at least 30% of the Series A preferred stock originally issued to it in the private placement, H.I.G will have the right to nominate an additional director to our Board of Directors, and the consent of H.I.G. will be required to approve the Company's annual budget, hire or terminate certain key executives, and incur certain indebtedness as specified in the Investment Agreement until the Company is able to satisfy the minimum liquidity amount requirements in the Investment Agreement for any subsequent 12 consecutive months. As of March 31, 2023, we were in compliance with the asset coverage ratio and minimum liquidity amounts as required in the Investment Agreement.

Our Series A preferred stock is considered temporary equity in our condensed consolidated financial statements. We have determined there are no material embedded features that require recognition as a derivative asset or liability. We recognized the Series A preferred stock at its stated amount less issuance costs of $11.0 million, or $214.0 million.

As of March 31, 2023, the estimated Series A preferred stock redemption value equals 135% of the Accrued Value per share as of the redemption date, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends, which is significantly in excess of the fair value of the common stock into which the Series A preferred stock is convertible as of March 31, 2023. We have elected to apply the accretion method to adjust the carrying value of the Series A preferred stock to its redemption value at the earliest date of redemption, April 30, 2027. Amounts recognized to accrete the Series A preferred stock to its estimated redemption value are treated as a deemed dividend and are recorded as a reduction to retained earnings. The estimated redemption value will vary in subsequent periods due to the redemption put right described above and we have elected to recognize such changes prospectively. No shares of Series A preferred stock have been converted and the Series A preferred stock was convertible into 3.3 million shares of common stock as of March 31, 2023.

The following table summarizes the proceeds and changes to our Series A preferred stock (in thousands):


Gross proceeds	$	225,000
Less: issuance costs	(10,975)
Net proceeds	$	214,025

Balance as of December 31, 2021	$	232,592
Accrued paid-in-kind dividends	19,357
Change in preferred stock redemption value	11,335
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	263,284
Accrued paid-in-kind dividends	5,101
Change in preferred stock redemption value	3,069
Balance as of March 31, 2023	$	271,454


Table of Contents

EHEALTH, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

Note 7 – Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

Our Series A preferred stock is considered a participating security which requires the use of the two-class method for the computation of basic and diluted per share amounts. Under the two-class method, earnings available to common stockholders for the period are allocated between common stockholders and participating securities according to dividends accumulated and participation rights in undistributed earnings. Net loss attributable to common stockholders is not allocated to the convertible preferred stock as the holder of the Series A preferred stock does not have a contractual obligation to share in losses. Basic net loss attributable to common stockholders per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. Diluted net loss attributable to common stockholders per share is computed by dividing the net loss available to common stockholders for the period by the weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss attributable to common stockholders per share reflects all potential dilutive common stock equivalent shares, including conversion of preferred stock, stock options, restricted stock units and shares to be issued under our employee stock purchase program.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss attributable to common stockholders per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2023		2022
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders		$	(28,048)	$	(39,960)
Denominator:
Shares used in per share calculation – basic		27,648		27,278
Dilutive effect of common stock		—		—
Shares used in per share calculation — diluted		27,648		27,278
Net loss attributable to common stockholders per share – basic and diluted		$	(1.01)	$	(1.46)

For each of the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we had securities outstanding that could potentially dilute per share amounts, but the shares from the assumed conversion or exercise of these securities were excluded in the computation of diluted net loss per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive. The number of outstanding anti-dilutive shares that were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share consisted of the following (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2023	2022
Convertible preferred stock		3,256	2,981
Restricted stock units*		1,872	1,548
Common stock options		226	279
Employee stock purchase program		41	53
Total		5,395	4,861

_________

* Amounts include market-based and performance-based restricted stock units.


Table of Contents

EHEALTH, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

Note 8 – Commitments and Contingencies

Service and Licensing Obligations

We have entered into service and licensing agreements with third party vendors to provide various services, including network access, equipment maintenance, and software licensing. As the benefits of these agreements are experienced uniformly over the applicable contractual periods, we record the related service and licensing expenses on a straight-line basis, although actual cash payment obligations under certain of these agreements fluctuate over the terms of the agreements.

Our future minimum payments under non-cancellable contractual service and licensing obligations as of March 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):


For the Years Ending December 31,
2023 (remainder)	$	6,578
2024	2,770
2025	229
2026	—
2027	—
Thereafter	—
Total	$	9,577

Operating Leases

Refer to Note 10 – Leases for commitments related to our operating leases.

Self-Insurance

We provide comprehensive major medical benefits to our employees. Effective January 1, 2023, in the United States, we are self-insured for employee health insurance benefits up to $0.3 million per individual per year and a maximum claim liability of $13.6 million. As a result, we record a self-insurance liability based on claims filed and an estimate of claims incurred but not yet reported. As of March 31, 2023, we had a self-insurance liability balance of $2.0 million in the "Accrued compensation and benefits" line on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. We had no liability as of December 31, 2022 as our employee health insurance coverage was not self-insured at the time.

Contingencies

From time to time, we receive inquiries from governmental bodies and also may be subject to various legal proceedings and claims arising in the ordinary course of business. We assess contingencies to determine the degree of probability and range of possible loss for potential accrual in our condensed consolidated financial statements. An estimated loss contingency is accrued in the condensed consolidated financial statements if it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. There was no material litigation-related accrual during the three months ended March 31, 2023 or 2022. Legal proceedings or other contingencies could result in material costs, even if we ultimately prevail.

Legal Proceedings

Securities Class Action – On April 8, 2020 and April 30, 2020, two purported class action lawsuits were filed against the Company, its then-chief executive officer, Scott N. Flanders, its then-chief financial officer, Derek N. Yung, and its then-chief operating officer, David K. Francis in the United States District Court for the Northern


Table of Contents

EHEALTH, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

District of California. The cases are captioned Patel v. eHealth, Inc., et al., Case No. 5:20-cv-02395 (N.D. Cal.) and Bertrand v. eHealth, Inc. et al., Case No. 4:20-cv-02967 (N.D. Cal.). The complaints allege, among other things, that the Company and Messrs. Flanders, Yung and Francis made materially false and misleading statements and/or failed to disclose material information regarding the Company's accounting and modeling assumptions, rate of member churn and the Company's profitability during the alleged class period of March 19, 2018 to April 7, 2020. The complaints allege that we and Messrs. Flanders, Yung and Francis violated Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (as amended, the "Exchange Act") and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. The complaints seek compensatory and (in the Patel lawsuit) punitive damages, attorneys’ fees and costs, and such other relief as the court deems proper. On June 24, 2020, the Court consolidated the above-referenced matters under the caption In re eHealth Securities Litig., Master File No. 4:20-cv-02395-JST (N.D. Cal.). The Court also appointed a lead plaintiff and lead counsel for the consolidated matter. An Amended Complaint was filed on August 25, 2020, which Defendants moved to dismiss on October 23, 2020. Defendants’ motion, which Plaintiff opposed, was granted in part and denied in part on August 12, 2021. The Court dismissed Plaintiff's claims to the extent premised upon alleged misrepresentations or omissions relating to churn but denied Defendants' motion with respect to alleged misstatements regarding purported operating costs. On October 1, 2021, the Company filed an Answer denying in part and admitting in part the remaining allegations and denying any wrongdoing. On November 11, 2021, Plaintiff’s counsel filed a suggestion of death with respect to the lead plaintiff Billy White. Plaintiff’s counsel published notice regarding the appointment of a new lead plaintiff on January 17, 2022. On November 9, 2022, the Court appointed Chicago & Vicinity Laborers’ District Council Pension Fund as the new lead plaintiff and approved plaintiff’s selection of counsel. On November 29, 2022, the new lead plaintiff and lead plaintiff’s counsel filed a supplement to the amended complaint, replacing the names of the prior lead plaintiff and counsel and incorporating new lead plaintiff’s previously filed certification. On December 22, 2022, the Company, Mr. Flanders, and Mr. Yung moved for judgment on the pleadings as to the remaining claims. Mr. Francis also moved for judgment on the pleadings the same day, and joined the motion by the Company, Mr. Flanders, and Mr. Yung. The motions for judgment on the pleadings were fully briefed by February 9, 2023 and were scheduled for a hearing on April 13, 2023. On April 5, 2023, the Court vacated the hearing on the motions and stated its intent to issue a decision based on the parties’ written briefing. On April 25, 2023, a consortium of putative class members (the “Algers Funds”) filed a motion to intervene in the case, prior to the expiration of the applicable statute of repose, to preserve their individual rights. On May 5, 2023, a defendants’ statement of non-opposition to Algers Funds limited motion to intervene and a stipulation with Algers Funds regarding same were filed.

Derivative Actions – On July 7, 2020, a derivative lawsuit captioned Chernet v. Flanders et al., Case No. 3:20-cv-04477-SK (N.D. Cal.) (the “Chernet” matter) was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. On October 13, 2020, a derivative lawsuit captioned Lincolnshire Police Pension Fund v. Flanders et al., Case No. 20CV371555 (Cal. Super. Ct.) (the “Lincolnshire” matter) was filed in the Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara. The complaints were brought against the Company's then-chief executive officer, Mr. Flanders, its then-chief financial officer, Mr. Yung, its then-chief operating officer, Mr. Francis, and the then-current members of the Board of Directors (collectively, the “Individual Defendants”), and name the Company as a nominal defendant. The complaints allege, among other things, that the Individual Defendants made or caused the Company to make materially false and misleading statements and/or failed to disclose material information regarding the Company’s accounting and modeling assumptions, rate of member churn, profitability and internal controls for the period of March 2018 through the present. The Chernet and Lincolnshire complaints purport to assert claims for breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment and waste of corporate assets. The Chernet lawsuit also alleges that the Individual Defendants violated Sections 14(a), 10(b), and 20(a) of the Exchange Act and asserts claims for abuse of control and gross mismanagement. The Chernet and Lincolnshire complaints seek damages, restitution, attorneys’ fees and costs, and certain measures with respect to the Company's corporate governance and internal procedures, and (in the Lincolnshire lawsuit) equitable and/or injunctive relief. On August 12, 2020, the court stayed the Chernet matter pending the resolution of the then-anticipated motion to dismiss the consolidated securities class action. On December 11, 2020, the court stayed the Lincolnshire matter, also pending the resolution of the motion to dismiss in the consolidated securities class action.

On October 5, 2021, a third derivative lawsuit, captioned Badwal v. Flanders et al., Case No. 4:21-cv-07795 (N.D. Cal.) (the “Badwal” matter) was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California.


Table of Contents

EHEALTH, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

The Badwal complaint purports to assert a claim for breach of fiduciary duty, an insider trading claim, and violations of Section 14(a), 10(b), and 21D of the Exchange Act. The Badwal complaint seeks damages, declaratory relief, corporate governance measures, equitable and injunctive relief, restitution and disgorgement, and attorneys' fees and costs. On November 29, 2021, the federal court consolidated the Chernet and Badwal matters under the caption In re eHealth, Inc. Stockholder Derivative Litigation (the “Federal Derivative Action”). On August 12, 2021, the court granted-in-part and denied-in-part defendants’ motion to dismiss the securities class action. In December 2021, the parties entered into a stipulation to further stay the Federal Derivative Action pending the appointment of a new lead plaintiff in the securities class action, which was so ordered by the court on December 14, 2021. As discussed above, November 9, 2022, the court appointed a new lead plaintiff in the securities class action. On December 9, 2022, plaintiffs in the Federal Derivative Action filed a verified consolidated stockholder derivative complaint on behalf of the Company against certain current and former members of its Board of Directors and certain of its officers. The complaint alleges breaches of fiduciary duties, insider trading, and violations of Sections 14(a), 10(b), 21D of the Exchange Act. The complaint seeks damages, declaratory relief, corporate governance measures, equitable and injunctive relief, restitution and disgorgement, and attorneys’ fees and costs. On January 3, 2023, pursuant to a joint stipulation, the court ordered all proceedings in the Federal Derivative Action stayed pending the resolution of the securities class action.

Note 9 – Segment and Geographic Information

Operating Segments

We report segment information based on how our chief executive officer, who is our chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), regularly reviews our operating results, allocates resources and makes decisions regarding our business operations. We evaluate our business performance and manage our operations as two distinct operating segments: Medicare and Individual, Family and Small Business. The performance measures of our segments include revenue and segment profit (loss). Please refer to Note 1 – Summary of Business and Significant Accounting Policies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 for our accounting policies relating to operating segments.


Table of Contents

EHEALTH, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

The results of our operating segments are summarized for the periods presented below (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2023		2022
Revenue
Medicare		$	61,834	$	95,067
Individual, Family and Small Business		11,889		10,183
Total revenue		$	73,723	$	105,250


Segment profit (loss)
Medicare		$	(3,373)	$	(14,817)
Individual, Family and Small Business		7,413		5,254
Segment profit (loss)		4,040		(9,563)
Corporate		(16,695)		(15,265)
Stock-based compensation expense		(4,994)		(5,285)

Depreciation and amortization		(5,245)		(4,778)


Impairment, restructuring and other charges		—		(4,823)
Other expense, net		(592)		(1,021)
Loss before income taxes		$	(23,486)	$	(40,735)

There were no inter-segment revenue transactions for the periods presented. With the exception of contract assets – commissions receivable, which is presented by segment in Note 3 – Supplemental Financial Statement Information, our CODM does not separately evaluate assets by segment, and therefore, assets by segment are not presented.

Geographic Information

Our long-lived assets primarily consist of property and equipment and internally developed software. Our long-lived assets are attributed to the geographic location in which they are located. Long-lived assets by geographical area are summarized as follows (in thousands):


	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
United States	$	35,138	$	37,915
China	337		381
Total	$	35,475	$	38,296


Table of Contents

EHEALTH, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

Significant Customers

Substantially all revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was generated from customers located in the United States. Carriers representing 10% or more of our total revenue are summarized as follows:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2023		2022
Humana		24	%	27	%
UnitedHealthCare (1)		22	%	15	%
Aetna (1)		6	%	11	%
Centene (1)		2	%	14	%

__________

(1)Percentages include the carriers' subsidiaries.

Note 10 – Leases

Our lease portfolio primarily consists of operating leases for office space and our leases have remaining lease terms of less than 1 year to 7 years. Certain of these leases have free or escalating rent payment provisions. We recognize lease expense on a straight-line basis over the terms of the leases, although actual cash payment obligations under certain of these agreements fluctuate over the terms of the agreements. Most leases include options to renew, and the exercise of these options is at our discretion.

In August 2022, we executed and commenced the sublease of our office space located in Santa Clara, California, which will run through the remaining term of the primary lease, March 31, 2029. This sublease is expected to generate approximately $13.5 million in sublease income over the sublease term. Sublease income is recorded on a straight-line basis as a reduction of lease expense in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss.

Total operating lease expenses were $1.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 and sublease income was immaterial for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

Supplemental information related to our leases are as follows (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023			2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities	$	2,102		$	1,953

	March 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
Weighted-average remaining lease term of operating leases	5.5 years			5.7 years
Weighted-average discount rate used to recognize operating lease right-of-use-assets	5.6		%	5.6		%


Table of Contents

EHEALTH, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

As of March 31, 2023, maturities of our operating lease liabilities are as follows (in thousands):


Year ending December 31,
2023 (remainder)	$	6,385
2024	8,404
2025	8,610
2026	7,396
2027	6,773
Thereafter	8,201
Total lease payments (1)	$	45,769
Less imputed interest	(6,592)
Total	$	39,177

____________

(1)Noncancellable sublease income for the remainder of 2023 and the years ending December 31, 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027 and thereafter of $1.3 million, $2.1 million, $2.2 million, $2.2 million, $2.3 million, and $2.8 million, respectively, are not included in the table above.

Note 11 — Impairment, Restructuring and Other Charges

The following table details impairment, restructuring and other charges for each of the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2023		2022
Restructuring and reorganization charges		$	—	$	4,823

Impairment, restructuring and other charges		$	—	$	4,823

Restructuring

Our restructuring and reorganization costs and liabilities consist primarily of severance, transition and other related costs. The following table summarizes the cash-based restructuring and reorganization related liabilities (in thousands):


Balance at December 31, 2022	$	366
Restructuring and reorganization charges	—
Payments	(361)
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	5

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we incurred no pre-tax restructuring charges. As of March 31, 2023, the restructuring accrual was immaterial and is recorded in other current liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

In the first half of 2022, we eliminated 339 full-time positions, which represented approximately 14% of our workforce, primarily within our customer care and enrollment group, and to a lesser extent, in our marketing and advertising, technology and content, and general and administrative groups, and, as a result, recorded pre-tax restructuring charges of $4.8 million in the "Impairment, restructuring and other charges" line in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended March 31, 2022.


Table of Contents

EHEALTH, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

Note 12 – Debt

On February 28, 2022, we entered into a term loan credit agreement with Blue Torch Finance LLC, as administrative agent and collateral agent, and other lenders party thereto (the "Original Credit Agreement"). On August 16, 2022, we entered into an Amendment (the "Amendment") to the Original Credit Agreement (as amended by the Amendment, the "Credit Agreement"). The Amendment replaced the LIBOR-based Adjusted Euro currency Rate (as defined in the Original Credit Agreement) with Adjusted Term SOFR (as defined in the Amendment) as a reference rate for loans under the Credit Agreement. The proceeds of the loans under the Credit Agreement may be used for working capital and general corporate purposes, to refinance our credit agreement with Royal Bank of Canada ("RBC") and to pay fees and expenses in connection with the entry into the Credit Agreement.

The Credit Agreement provides for a $70.0 million secured term loan credit facility. We incurred closing costs totaling $5.1 million, which were recorded as a direct deduction from the face of the loan on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. There was $3.5 million of unamortized issuance costs as of March 31, 2023. The carrying value of the term loan approximates the fair value, based on Level 2 inputs (observable market prices in less than active markets), as the interest rate is variable over the selected interest period and is similar to current rates at which we can borrow funds. The carrying value of the loan was $66.5 million as of March 31, 2023.

The Original Credit Agreement bore interest, at our option, at either a rate based on the LIBOR for the applicable interest period or a base rate, in each case plus a margin. The base rate was the highest of the prime rate, the federal funds rates plus 0.50% and one month adjusted LIBOR plus 1.00%. The margin was 7.50% for LIBOR loans and 6.50% for base rate loans. After the Amendment, the loans under the Credit Agreement bear interest, at our option, at either a rate based on the Adjusted Term SOFR or a base rate, in each case plus a margin. The base rate is the highest of the prime rate, the federal funds rate plus 0.50% and three-month Adjusted Term SOFR plus 1.00%. The margin is 7.50% for Adjusted Term SOFR loans and 6.50% for base rate loans. As of March 31, 2023, the interest rate was 12.65%. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we incurred interest expense of $2.2 million and $0.6 million, respectively.

Furthermore, as part of the Credit Agreement, we incur a $0.3 million fee per annum, payable annually. The outstanding obligations under the Credit Agreement are payable in full on the maturity date. The Credit Agreement matures in February 2025. We have the right to prepay the loans under the Credit Agreement in whole or in part at any time, subject, in the case of certain mandatory prepayments or any voluntary prepayment of the loans under the Credit Agreement after February 28, 2023, to an exit fee, which right we did not exercise. Our obligations under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by certain of our material domestic subsidiaries and substantially all of our assets and the assets of such guarantors, in each case, subject to customary exclusion. We are obligated to pay administration fees under the Credit Agreement.

Financial covenants in the Credit Agreement require that we maintain Liquidity (as defined in the Credit Agreement) at or above $25.0 million as of the last calendar day of any month. The Credit Agreement also requires that the outstanding amount as of the last calendar day of any month be less than 50% of our total contract assets - commissions receivables (i.e., both current and non-current commissions receivables). As of March 31, 2023, we were in compliance with our loan covenants.

In the first quarter of 2022, we terminated our credit agreement with RBC, pursuant to which we had an up to $75 million revolving credit facility, in connection with entering into the Credit Agreement. As a result of the termination of our credit agreement with RBC, we wrote-off our remaining related debt issuance cost of $0.4 million in the first quarter of 2022. We had no outstanding borrowings under our agreement with RBC at the time of termination.


Table of Contents

EHEALTH, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

Note 13 – Income Taxes

The following table summarizes our benefit from income taxes and our effective tax rates for the periods presented below (in thousands, except effective tax rate):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2023			2022
Loss before income taxes		$	(23,486)		$	(40,735)
Benefit from income taxes		(3,608)			(7,993)
Effective tax rate		15.4		%	19.6		%

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, we recognized a benefit from income taxes of $3.6 million representing an effective tax rate of 15.4% which was lower than the statutory federal tax rate primarily due to stock-based compensation adjustments and non-deductible lobbying expenses, partially offset by research and development credits and state taxes. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, we recognized a benefit from income taxes of $8.0 million representing an effective tax rate of 19.6% which was lower than the statutory federal tax rate primarily due to stock-based compensation adjustments and non-deductible lobbying expenses, partially offset by research and development credits and state taxes.

Assessing the realizability of our deferred tax assets is dependent upon several factors, including the likelihood and amount, if any, of future taxable income in relevant jurisdictions during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. We forecast taxable income by considering all available positive and negative evidence, including our history of operating income and losses and our financial plans and estimates that we use to manage the business. These assumptions require significant judgment about future taxable income. As a result, the amount of deferred tax assets considered realizable is subject to adjustment in future periods if estimates of future taxable income change. We continue to recognize our deferred tax assets as of March 31, 2023, as we believe it is more likely than not that the net deferred tax assets will be realized, with the exception of certain net operating losses and credits that are expected to expire unutilized which have a valuation allowance.


Table of Contents

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion and analysis together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the “Annual Report”). This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements, which involve risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as those described under “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our Annual Report, our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements.

Overview

We are a leading private online health insurance marketplace with a technology and service platform that provides consumer engagement, education and health insurance enrollment solutions. Our mission is to expertly guide consumers through their health insurance enrollment and related options, when, where and how they prefer. Our platform leverages technology to solve a critical problem in a large and growing market by aiding consumers in what has traditionally been a complex, confusing, and opaque health insurance purchasing process. Our omnichannel consumer engagement platform differentiates our offering from other brokers and enables consumers to use our services online, by telephone with a licensed insurance agent, or through a hybrid online assisted interaction that includes live agent chat and co-browsing capabilities. We have created a consumer-centric marketplace that offers consumers a broad choice of insurance products that includes thousands of Medicare Advantage, Medicare Supplement, Medicare Part D prescription drug, individual, family, small business and other ancillary health insurance products from approximately 200 health insurance carriers across all fifty states and the District of Columbia. Our plan recommendation tool curates this broad plan selection by analyzing customer health-related information against plan data for insurance coverage fit. This tool is supported by a unified data platform and is available to our ecommerce customers and our licensed agents. We strive to be the most trusted partner to the consumer in their life's journey through the health insurance market.

Business Update

Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2021, the Company began to execute significant strategic and management changes to transform our business and adapt to the evolving needs of our customers in order to position ourselves for long-term success. In 2022, we purposefully slowed down our enrollment volume and revenue growth as we worked to implement a number of transformation initiatives aimed at increasing the effectiveness of our sales and marketing organizations and further enhancing consumer experience, as well as rationalizing our cost structure. As a result, we entered the first quarter of 2023 on a significantly improved cost foundation compared to the same period prior year.

In the first quarter of 2023, we continued to execute our multi-year transformation plan with an emphasis on enrollment quality, member experience, and engagement built around audience segmentation and targeting, differentiated messaging based on our unique value proposition and gradual scaling of our direct and strategic partner marketing channels as we reduce our reliance on lead aggregators. Over the last several months, we have achieved significant improvement in our conversion rates, member retention and Complaint Tracking Module scores. We plan to continue improving customer experience and conversion rates across our entire omnichannel platform, driven by continued agent and technology enhancements. We continue to leverage our technology leadership, carrier relationships and distribution capabilities to pursue the diversification of our business and revenue base, which will include investing for growth in existing product lines outside of the core Medicare Advantage broker-of-record business, as well as adding new products and services and accessing adjacent markets within the broader health insurance industry.


Table of Contents

Summary of Selected Metrics

We rely upon certain metrics to estimate and recognize commission revenue, evaluate our business performance and facilitate strategic planning. Our commission revenue is influenced by a number of factors including but not limited to:

•the number of individuals on applications for Medicare-related, individual and family, small business and ancillary health insurance plans that are approved by the relevant health insurance carriers;

•the number of approved members for Medicare-related, individual and family, small business and ancillary health insurance plans from whom we have received an initial commission payment; and

•the constrained lifetime value (“LTV”), of approved members for Medicare-related, individual and family and ancillary health insurance plans we sell, as well as the estimated annual value of approved members for small business plans we sell.

Approved Members

Approved members represent the number of individuals on submitted applications that were approved by the relevant insurance carrier for the identified product during the current period. The applications may be submitted in either the current period or prior periods. Not all approved members ultimately become paying members.

The following table shows approved members by product for the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended March 31,				% Change
		2023		2022
Medicare
Medicare Advantage			60,451		82,431	(27)	%
Medicare Supplement			4,585		6,556	(30)	%
Medicare Part D			3,846		6,823	(44)	%
Total Medicare			68,882		95,810	(28)	%
Individual and Family			10,099		9,801	3	%



Ancillary			16,656		18,970	(12)	%





Small Business			1,939		2,514	(23)	%
Total Approved Members			97,576		127,095	(23)	%

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 – Total Medicare approved members decreased 28% in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022. This decrease was attributable to a decline in approved members across all Medicare products that we market including Medicare Advantage, Medicare Supplement, and Medicare Part D prescription drug plans. This decline was driven primarily by a decrease in submitted applications as a result of reduced member acquisition spend including marketing and customer care and enrollment compared to the same period prior year as we focused on enrollments with the highest unit margins and de-emphasized unprofitable channels.

Individual and family plan approved members grew 3% in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 primarily due to a 20% increase in non-qualified health plans from individual coverage health reimbursement arrangement opportunities in 2023.

Ancillary product approved members declined 12% in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 primarily due to declines in approved members across most ancillary insurance products. Small business group health insurance approved members declined 23% in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 reflecting the continued shift of our focus away from the sale of small business products.


Table of Contents

Estimated Constrained Lifetime Value of Commissions Per Approved Member

The following table shows our estimated constrained LTV of commissions per approved member by product for the periods presented below:


	Three Months Ended March 31,				% Change
	2023		2022
Medicare (1) (2)
Medicare Advantage	$	901	$	948	(5)	%
Medicare Supplement	880		927		(5)	%
Medicare Part D	202		213		(5)	%
Individual and Family (1)
Non-Qualified Health Plans	400		330		21	%
Qualified Health Plans	387		302		28	%
Ancillary (1)
Short-term	187		182		3	%
Dental	110		104		6	%
Vision	70		62		13	%
Small Business (1)	233		198		18	%

__________

(1)Constrained LTV of commissions per approved member for Medicare, individual and family and ancillary plans represents commissions estimated to be collected over the estimated life of an approved member’s plan after applying constraints in accordance with our revenue recognition policy. Constrained LTV of commissions per approved member for small business represents the estimated commissions we expect to collect from the plan over the following twelve months. The estimate is driven by multiple factors, including but not limited to, contracted commission rates, carrier mix, estimated average plan duration, the regulatory environment, and cancellations of insurance plans offered by health insurance carriers with which we have a relationship and applied constraints. The constraints are applied to help ensure that commissions estimated to be collected over the estimated life of an approved member’s plan are recognized as revenue only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with future commissions receivable from the plan is subsequently resolved. These factors may result in varying values from period to period. For additional information on constrained LTV, see "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

(2)The constraints for all Medicare products remained the same during the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in the prior year.

Medicare

The constrained LTV of commissions per approved member declined by 5% for all Medicare product plans during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022. The decrease was driven primarily by lower retention in all products, partially offset by increased contracted rates and improved quality metrics.

Individual and Family, Ancillary and Small Business

The constrained LTV of commissions per non-qualified health plan approved member increased 21% and qualified health plan approved member increased 28% during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022. The increase was primarily due to more stable retention observations and an increase in estimated average plan duration.

The constrained LTV of commissions per approved member for short-term, dental, vision, and small business insurance plans increased by 3%, 6%, 13% and 18%, respectively, during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared with the same period in 2022 due to improved retention. The increase for small business was also due to higher commissions per group.


Table of Contents

Estimated Membership

Estimated membership represents the estimated number of members active as of the date indicated based on the number of members for whom we have received or applied a commission payment during the period of estimation. The following table shows estimated membership as of the periods presented below:


	As of March 31,		% Change
	2023	2022
Medicare (1)
Medicare Advantage	577,500	585,824	(1)	%
Medicare Supplement	94,813	100,006	(5)	%
Medicare Part D	212,183	219,801	(3)	%
Total Medicare	884,496	905,631	(2)	%

Individual and Family (1)	98,983	104,849	(6)	%



Ancillary (1)	206,610	229,284	(10)	%





Small Business (2)	47,531	47,876	(1)	%
Total Estimated Membership	1,237,620	1,287,640	(4)	%

__________________

(1)To estimate the number of members on Medicare-related, individual and family, and ancillary health insurance plans, we take the respective sum of (i) the number of members for whom we have received or applied a commission payment for a month that may be up to three months prior to the date of estimation (after reducing that number using historical experience for assumed member cancellations over the period being estimated); and (ii) the number of approved members over that period (after reducing that number using historical experience for an assumed number of members who do not accept their approved policy and for estimated member cancellations through the date of the estimate). To the extent we determine through confirmations from a health insurance carrier that a commission payment is delayed or is inaccurate as of the date of estimation, we adjust the estimated membership to also reflect the number of members for whom we expect to receive or to refund a commission payment. Further, to the extent we have received substantially all of the commission payments related to a given month during the period being estimated, we will take the number of members for whom we have received or applied a commission payment during the month of estimation. For ancillary health insurance plans, the one to three-month period varies by insurance product and is largely dependent upon the timeliness of commission payment and related reporting from the related carriers.

(2)To estimate the number of members on small business health insurance plans, we use the number of initial members at the time the group was approved, and we update this number for changes in membership if such changes are reported to us by the group or carrier. However, groups generally notify the carrier directly of policy cancellations and increases or decreases in group size without informing us. Health insurance carriers often do not communicate policy cancellation information or group size changes to us. We often are made aware of policy cancellations and group size changes at the time of annual renewal and update our membership statistics accordingly in the period they are reported.

A member who purchases and is active on multiple standalone insurance plans will be counted as a member more than once. For example, a member who is active on both an individual and family health insurance plan and a standalone dental plan will be counted as two continuing members.

Health insurance carriers bill and collect insurance premiums paid by our members. The carriers do not report to us the number of members that we have as of a given date. The majority of our members who terminate their policies do so by discontinuing their premium payments to the carrier or notifying the carrier directly and do not inform us of the cancellation. Also, some of our members pay their premiums less frequently than monthly. Given the number of months required to observe non-payment of commissions in order to confirm cancellations, we estimate the number of members who are active on insurance policies as of a specified date.

After we have estimated membership for a period, we may receive information from health insurance carriers that would have impacted the estimate if we had received the information prior to the date of estimation. We may receive commission payments or other information that indicates that a member who was not included in our estimates for a prior period was in fact an active member at that time, or that a member who was included in our estimates was in fact not an active member of ours. For instance, we reconcile information carriers provide to us and may determine that we were not historically paid commissions owed to us, which would cause us to have underestimated membership. Conversely, carriers may require us to return commission payments paid in a prior


Table of Contents

period due to policy cancellations for members we previously estimated as being active. We do not update our estimated membership numbers reported in previous periods. Instead, we reflect updated information regarding our historical membership in the membership estimate for the current period. If we experience a significant variance in historical membership as compared to our initial estimates, while we keep the prior period data consistent with previously reported amounts, we may provide the updated information in other communications or disclosures. As a result of the delay in our receipt of information from insurance carriers, actual trends in our membership are most discernible over periods longer than from one quarter to the next. As a result of the delay, we experience in receiving information about our membership, it is difficult for us to determine with any certainty the impact of current conditions on our membership retention. Various circumstances could cause the assumptions and estimates that we make in connection with estimating our membership to be inaccurate, which would cause our membership estimates to be inaccurate.

Total Medicare estimated membership as of March 31, 2023 decreased 2% compared to estimated membership as of March 31, 2022 due to a decline across all Medicare products. The overall decline in Medicare estimated membership was primarily due to a decrease in overall Medicare approved applications.

Individual and family plan estimated membership as of March 31, 2023 declined 6% compared to estimated membership as of March 31, 2022 due to a decrease in applications. Ancillary plan estimated membership as of March 31, 2023 declined 10% compared to estimated membership as of March 31, 2022 primarily as a result of the decline in applications across all ancillary plans.

Member Acquisition

Marketing initiatives are an important component of our strategy to increase revenue and are primarily designed to encourage consumers to complete an application for health insurance. Variable marketing costs represent direct costs incurred in member acquisition from our direct, marketing partners and online advertising channels. Variable marketing costs exclude fixed overhead costs, such as personnel related costs, consulting expenses, facilities and other operating costs allocated to the marketing and advertising department. In addition, we incur customer care and enrollment (“CC&E”) expenses in assisting applicants during the enrollment process.

The numerator used to calculate each metric is the portion of the respective operating expenses for marketing and advertising and CC&E that is directly related to member acquisition for our sale of Medicare Advantage, Medicare Supplement and Medicare Part D prescription drug plans (collectively, the “Medicare Plans”) and for all individual and family major medical plans and short-term health insurance plans (collectively, “IFP Plans”), respectively. The denominator used to calculate each metric is based on a derived metric that represents the relative value of the new members acquired. For Medicare Plans, we call this derived metric Medicare Advantage (“MA”)-equivalent approved members, and for IFP Plans, we call this derived metric IFP-equivalent approved members. The calculations for MA-equivalent approved members and for IFP-equivalent approved members are based on the weighted number of approved members for Medicare Plans and IFP Plans during the period, with the number of approved members adjusted based on the relative LTV of the product they are purchasing. Since the LTV for any product fluctuates from period to period, the weight given to each product was determined based on their relative LTVs at the time of our adoption of ASC 606.


Table of Contents

The following table shows the variable marketing cost per approved member and the CC&E expense per approved member metrics for the periods presented below:


	Three Months Ended March 31,				% Change
	2023		2022
Medicare
CC&E cost per MA-equivalent approved member (1)	$	375	$	441	(15)	%
Variable marketing cost per MA-equivalent approved member (1)	396		545		(27)	%
Total acquisition cost per MA-equivalent approved member	$	771	$	986	(22)	%
Individual and Family Plan
CC&E cost per IFP-equivalent approved member (2)	$	121	$	88	38	%
Variable marketing cost per IFP-equivalent approved member (2)	40		49		(18)	%
Total acquisition cost per IFP-equivalent approved member	$	161	$	137	18	%

__________________

(1)MA-equivalent approved members is a derived metric with a Medicare Part D approved member being weighted at 25% of a Medicare Advantage member and a Medicare Supplement member based on their relative LTVs at the time of our adoption of ASC 606. We calculate the number of MA-equivalent approved members by adding the total number of approved Medicare Advantage and Medicare Supplement members and 25% of the total number of approved Medicare Part D members during the periods presented.

(2)IFP-equivalent approved members is a derived metric with a short-term approved member being weighted at 33% of a major medical individual and family health insurance plan member based on their relative LTVs at the time of our adoption of ASC 606. We calculate the number of IFP-equivalent approved members by adding the total number of approved qualified and non-qualified health plan members and 33% of the total number of short-term approved members during the periods presented.

CC&E cost per MA-equivalent approved member decreased 15% in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022. Variable marketing cost per MA-equivalent approved member decreased 27% compared to the same period in 2022. These decreases were primarily attributable to improvements to our sales and marketing operations and our cost reduction initiatives, which began subsequent to the first quarter of 2022. These optimizations have enabled improved agent performance at a lower cost resulting in higher lead conversion rates.

CC&E cost per IFP-equivalent approved member increased 38% in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 primarily due to our increased investment in individual coverage health reimbursement arrangements and state exchange opportunities. Variable marketing cost per IFP-equivalent approved member decreased 18% in the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 primarily due to lower marketing spend as part of our cost reduction initiatives.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires us to make judgments, assumptions, and estimates that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. These estimates and assumptions are based on current facts, historical experience, and various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances to determine reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. To the extent there are material differences between our estimates and the actual results, our future consolidated results of comprehensive income (loss) may be affected.

An accounting policy is considered to be critical if the nature of the estimates or assumptions is material due to the levels of subjectivity and judgment necessary to account for highly uncertain matters or the susceptibility of such matters to change, and the effect of the estimates and assumptions on financial condition or operating


Table of Contents

performance. The accounting policies we believe to reflect our more significant estimates, judgments and assumptions and are most critical to understanding and evaluating our reported financial results are as follows:

•Revenue Recognition and contract assets - commissions receivable;

•Stock-Based Compensation; and

•Accounting for Income Taxes.

There have been no changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 1, 2023, that have had a significant impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes. Please refer to Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, for a complete discussion of our other critical accounting policies and estimates.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth our operating results and related percentage of total revenue for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2023	2022
Revenue
Commission			$	68,003	92	%	$	93,850	89	%
Other			5,720		8	%	11,400		11	%
Total revenue			73,723		100	%	105,250		100	%
Operating costs and expenses (1)
Cost of revenue			215		—	%	(127)		—	%
Marketing and advertising			32,899		45	%	58,454		56	%
Customer care and enrollment			26,957		37	%	42,164		40	%
Technology and content			15,544		21	%	19,663		19	%
General and administrative			21,002		28	%	19,987		19	%


Impairment, restructuring and other charges			—		—	%	4,823		5	%

Total operating costs and expenses			96,617		131	%	144,964		138	%
Loss from operations			(22,894)		(31)	%	(39,714)		(38)	%
Other expense, net			(592)		(1)	%	(1,021)		(1)	%
Loss before income taxes			(23,486)		(32)	%	(40,735)		(39)	%
Benefit from income taxes			(3,608)		(5)	%	(7,993)		(8)	%
Net loss			$	(19,878)	(27)	%	$	(32,742)	(31)	%

____________

(1)Operating costs and expenses include the following amounts of stock-based compensation expense (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2023		2022
Marketing and advertising		$	455	$	313
Customer care and enrollment		605		454
Technology and content		905		1,850
General and administrative		3,029		2,668

Total stock-based compensation expense		$	4,994	$	5,285


Table of Contents

Revenue

Our commission revenue, other revenue and total revenue are summarized as follows (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,	Change
		2023			2022			$		%
Commission		$	68,003		$	93,850		$	(25,847)	(28)	%
% of total revenue		92		%	89		%
Other		5,720			11,400			(5,680)		(50)	%
% of total revenue		8		%	11		%
Total revenue		$	73,723		$	105,250		$	(31,527)	(30)	%

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 – Commission revenue decreased $25.8 million, or 28%, during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 due to a $27.7 million, or 33%, decrease in commission revenue from the Medicare segment, partially offset by a $1.8 million, or 19%, increase in Individual, Family and Small Business segment commission revenue.

The decrease in commission revenue from the Medicare segment was driven by a 28% decline in overall Medicare plan approved members, specifically a 27% decline in Medicare Advantage plan approved members compared to the same period in 2022. The increase in commission revenue from the Individual, Family and Small Business segment was primarily driven by an increase in lifetime values, a 3% increase in individual and family plan approved members and $1.5 million in net adjustment revenue from prior period enrollments for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $0.4 million for the same period in 2022, partially offset by a 12% decline in ancillary product approved members. See Summary of Selected Metrics above and Segment Information below for further discussion.

Other revenue decreased $5.7 million, or 50%, during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 due to a decrease in advertising revenue.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue consists of payments related to health insurance plans sold to members who were referred to our website by marketing partners with whom we have revenue-sharing arrangements. In order to enter into a revenue-sharing arrangement, marketing partners must be licensed to sell health insurance in the state where the policy is sold. Costs related to revenue-sharing arrangements are expensed as the related revenue is recognized.

Our cost of revenue is summarized as follows (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,	Change
		2023			2022			$		%
Cost of revenue		$	215		$	(127)		$	342	269	%
% of total revenue		—		%	—		%

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 – Cost of revenue increased by $0.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to increased activity from our revenue sharing arrangements.

Marketing and Advertising

Marketing and advertising expenses consist primarily of member acquisition expenses associated with our direct, marketing partner and online advertising member acquisition channels, in addition to compensation and other expenses related to marketing, business development, partner management, public relations and carrier relations personnel who support our offerings. We recognize expenses in our direct member acquisition channel in the period


Table of Contents

in which they are incurred. We generally compensate our marketing partners for referrals based on the consumer submitting a health insurance application on our platform, regardless of whether the consumer's application is approved by the health insurance carrier, or for the referral of a Medicare-related lead to us by the marketing partner.

Some of our marketing partners have tiered arrangements where the amount we pay the marketing partner per submitted application increases as the volume of submitted applications we receive from the marketing partner increases. We recognize these expenditures in the period when a marketing partner's referral results in the submission of a health insurance application. We recognize expenses associated with our online advertising member acquisition channels in the period in which the consumer clicks on the advertisement. Increases in submitted applications resulting from marketing partner referrals or visitors to our website from our online advertising channel has in the past, and could in the future, result in marketing and advertising expenses significantly higher than our expectations.

Our marketing and advertising expenses are summarized as follows (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,	Change
		2023			2022			$		%
Marketing and advertising		$	32,899		$	58,454		$	(25,555)	(44)	%
% of total revenue		45		%	56		%

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 – Marketing and advertising expenses decreased $25.6 million, or 44%, during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily driven by a $23.5 million decrease in variable advertising costs, a $1.1 million decrease in personnel and compensation costs and a $0.7 million decrease in consulting expenses. The decrease in variable advertising costs was due to a decrease in our advertising expense amongst all of our channels primarily as a result of more targeted deployment of our marketing budget.

Customer Care and Enrollment

Customer care and enrollment expenses primarily consist of compensation, benefits and licensing costs for personnel engaged in assistance to applicants who call our customer care center and for enrollment personnel who assist applicants during the enrollment process.

Our customer care and enrollment expenses are summarized as follows (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,	Change
		2023			2022			$		%
Customer care and enrollment		$	26,957		$	42,164		$	(15,207)	(36)	%
% of total revenue		37		%	40		%

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 – Customer care and enrollment expenses decreased $15.2 million, or 36%, during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to a $13.6 million decrease in personnel costs from lower headcount, a $0.7 million decrease in facilities and other expenses, a $0.5 million decrease in licensing costs and a $0.2 million decrease in consulting expenses.

Technology and Content

Technology and content expenses consist primarily of compensation and benefits costs for personnel associated with developing and enhancing our website technology as well as maintaining our website. A portion of our technology and content group is located at our wholly-owned subsidiary in China, where technology development costs are generally lower than in the United States.


Table of Contents

Our technology and content expenses are summarized as follows (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,	Change
		2023			2022			$		%
Technology and content		$	15,544		$	19,663		$	(4,119)	(21)	%
% of total revenue		21		%	19		%

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 – Technology and content expenses decreased $4.1 million, or 21%, during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 primarily driven by a $3.7 million decrease in personnel and compensation costs due to lower headcount, a $0.9 million decrease in stock-based compensation expense and a $0.5 million decrease in consulting costs, partially offset by increases of $0.8 million in amortization of internally developed software and $0.4 million in facilities and other expenses.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses include compensation and benefits costs for personnel working in our executive, finance, investor relations, government affairs, legal, human resources, internal audit, facilities and internal information technology departments. These expenses also include fees paid for outside professional services, including audit, tax, legal, government affairs and information technology fees.

Our general and administrative expenses are summarized as follows (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,	Change
		2023			2022			$		%
General and administrative		$	21,002		$	19,987		$	1,015	5	%
% of total revenue		28		%	19		%

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 – General and administrative expenses increased $1.0 million, or 5%, during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily driven by increases of $1.5 million in personnel costs and $0.4 million in stock-based compensation expense, partially offset by decreases of $0.4 million in professional fees and $0.2 million in facilities and other expenses.

Impairment, Restructuring and Other Charges

Our impairment, restructuring and other charges consist primarily of severance, transition and other related costs and impairment charges. Our impairment, restructuring and other charges are summarized as follows (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,	Change
		2023			2022			$		%
Impairment, restructuring and other charges		$	—		$	4,823		$	(4,823)	(100)	%
% of total revenue		—		%	5		%

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 – We incurred no impairment, restructuring and other charges for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $4.8 million of restructuring and reorganization charges for the three months ended March 31, 2022. These charges primarily consisted of severance and other personnel related costs related to a reduction in force.

Other Expense, Net

Other expense, net, primarily consisted of interest expense and fees related to our Credit Agreement, partially offset by interest income and margin earned on commissions received from Medicare plan members transferred to us in 2010 through 2012 by a broker partner.


Table of Contents

Our other expense, net is summarized as follows (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,	Change
		2023			2022			$		%
Other expense, net		$	(592)		$	(1,021)		$	429	42	%
% of total revenue		(1)		%	(1)		%

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 – Other expense, net was $0.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $1.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2022. The change was primarily due to an increase of $1.8 million in interest income, partially offset by an increase of $1.5 million of interest expense related to the Credit Agreement entered into during the first quarter of 2022.

Benefit from Income Taxes

Our benefit from income taxes is summarized as follows (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,	Change
		2023			2022			$		%
Benefit from income taxes		$	(3,608)		$	(7,993)		$	4,385	55	%
Effective tax rate		15.4		%	19.6		%

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 – Our effective tax rate of 15.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was lower than our 19.6% effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2022 primarily due to fluctuations in stock-based compensation adjustments. Our effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was lower than the statutory federal tax rate due primarily to stock-based compensation adjustments and non-deductible lobbying expenses, partially offset by research and development credits and state taxes.

Segment Information

We report segment information based on how our chief executive officer, who is our chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), regularly reviews our operating results, allocates resources and makes decisions regarding our business operations. The performance measures of our segments include revenue and segment profit (loss). Our business structure is comprised of two operating segments:

•Medicare; and

•Individual, Family and Small Business.

Our CODM does not separately evaluate assets by segment, with the exception of commissions receivable, and therefore assets by segment are not presented.

The Medicare segment consists primarily of amounts earned from our sale of Medicare-related health insurance plans, including Medicare Advantage, Medicare Supplement and Medicare Part D prescription drug plans, and to a lesser extent, amounts earned from our sale of ancillary products sold to our Medicare-eligible customers, including but not limited to, dental and vision plans, as well as amounts we are paid in connection with our advertising program that allows Medicare-related carriers to purchase advertising on a separate website developed, hosted and maintained by us and to purchase other services such as marketing and advertising services, as well as our delivery and sale to third parties of Medicare-related health insurance leads generated by our ecommerce platforms and our marketing activities.

The Individual, Family and Small Business segment consists primarily of amounts earned from our sale of individual, family and small business health insurance plans, including both qualified and non-qualified plans, and


Table of Contents

ancillary products sold to our non-Medicare-eligible customers, including but not limited to, dental, vision, and short-term insurance. To a lesser extent, the Individual, Family and Small Business segment consists of amounts earned from our online sponsorship program that allows carriers to purchase advertising space in specific markets in a sponsorship area on our website, our licensing to third parties for the use of our health insurance ecommerce technology, and our delivery and sale to third parties of individual and family health insurance plan leads generated by our ecommerce platforms and our marketing activities.

Marketing and advertising, customer care and enrollment, technology and content and general and administrative operating expenses that are directly attributable to a segment are reported within the applicable segment. Indirect marketing and advertising, customer care and enrollment, and technology and content operating expenses are allocated to each segment based on usage. Corporate consists of other indirect general and administrative operating expenses, excluding stock-based compensation expense, depreciation and amortization, which are managed in a corporate shared services environment and, since they are not the responsibility of segment operating management, are not allocated to the reportable segments and instead are reported within Corporate.

Segment profit (loss) is calculated as total revenue for the applicable segment less direct and indirect allocated marketing and advertising, customer care and enrollment, technology and content and general and administrative operating expenses, excluding stock-based compensation expense, depreciation and amortization, and impairment, restructuring and other charges.

Our operating segment revenue and segment profit (loss) are summarized as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,	Change
		2023		2022		$		%
Revenue
Medicare		$	61,834	$	95,067	$	(33,233)	(35)	%
Individual, Family and Small Business		11,889		10,183		1,706		17	%
Total revenue		$	73,723	$	105,250	$	(31,527)	(30)	%

Segment profit (loss)
Medicare		$	(3,373)	$	(14,817)	$	11,444	77	%
Individual, Family and Small Business		7,413		5,254		2,159		41	%
Segment loss		4,040		(9,563)		13,603		142	%
Corporate		(16,695)		(15,265)		(1,430)		(9)	%
Stock-based compensation expense		(4,994)		(5,285)		291		6	%

Depreciation and amortization		(5,245)		(4,778)		(467)		(10)	%


Impairment, restructuring and other charges		—		(4,823)		4,823		100	%
Other expense, net		(592)		(1,021)		429		42	%
Loss before income taxes		$	(23,486)	$	(40,735)	$	17,249	42	%

Revenue

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 – Revenue from our Medicare segment declined $33.2 million, or 35%, during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily attributable to a $27.7 million decrease in commission revenue. The decrease in Medicare segment commission revenue is primarily due to a $24.0 million decrease in Medicare Advantage plan related commission revenue, as a result of a 27% decline in Medicare Advantage plan approved members compared to the same period prior year as we execute on our transformation initiatives to optimize customer acquisition spend and ultimately grow profitability.


Table of Contents

Revenue from our Individual, Family and Small Business segment grew $1.7 million, or 17%, during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily attributable to a $1.8 million increase in commission revenue driven by a 3% increase in individual and family plan approved members and $1.5 million in net adjustment revenue from prior period enrollments for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $0.4 million for the same period in 2022, partially offset by a 12% decline in ancillary product approved members.

Segment Profit (Loss)

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 – Our Medicare segment loss was $3.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023, an improvement of $11.4 million, or 77%, compared to segment loss of $14.8 million for the same period in 2022. This was primarily due to a $44.7 million decrease in operating expenses, excluding stock-based compensation expense, depreciation and amortization, impairment, restructuring and other charges, and other expense, net, partially offset by a $33.2 million decrease in revenue. The decrease in operating expenses was mostly attributable to impacts from our transformation initiatives which began in the second quarter of 2022.

Our Individual, Family and Small Business segment profit was $7.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023, an increase of $2.2 million, or 41%, compared to segment profit of $5.3 million for the same period in 2022. The increase was primarily driven by a $1.7 million increase in revenue.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Material Cash Requirements

Our material cash requirements include our operating leases and service and licensing obligations. See Note 10 – Leases in our Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for details of our operating lease obligations. We have entered into service and licensing agreements with third party vendors to provide various services, including network access, equipment maintenance and software licensing. The terms of these services and licensing agreements are generally up to three years. We record the related service and licensing expenses on a straight-line basis, although actual cash payment obligations under certain of these agreements fluctuate over the terms of the agreements. See Note 8 – Commitments and Contingencies in our Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Short-term obligations were $8.4 million for leases and $8.2 million for service and licensing as of March 31, 2023. Long-term obligations were $37.3 million for leases and $1.4 million for service and licensing as of March 31, 2023. We expect to fund these obligations through our existing cash and cash equivalents and cash generated from operations.

Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our enrollment volume, membership, retention rates, telesales conversion rates, and our level of investment in technology and content, marketing and advertising, customer care and enrollment, and other initiatives. In addition, our cash position could be impacted by the level of investments we make to pursue our strategy. To the extent that available funds are insufficient to fund our future activities or to execute our financial strategy, we may raise additional capital through bank debt, or public or private equity or debt financing to the extent such funding sources are available. We have implemented a multi-year transformation plan to right-size our cost structure and drive future profitability. This plan has incorporated different operational and cost savings initiatives, including a reduction in vendor-related spend outside of mission critical areas, a reduction of our real-estate footprint as we decided to become a remote first workplace in 2022, and a targeted workforce reduction implemented during 2022. These reductions could adversely impact the growth of membership and revenue.

We believe our current cash and cash equivalents, including the proceeds from the term loan we obtained on February 28, 2022 under our credit agreement with Blue Torch Finance, LLC and expected cash collections will be sufficient to fund our operations for at least 12 months after the filing date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.


Table of Contents

Our cash, cash equivalents, and short-term marketable securities are summarized as follows (in thousands):


	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	180,633	$	144,401
Short-term marketable securities	22,059		—
Total cash, cash equivalents, and short-term marketable securities	$	202,692	$	144,401

Cash equivalents, which are comprised of financial instruments with an original maturity of 90 days or less from the date of purchase, primarily consist of money market funds and commercial paper. We also maintained $3.2 million in restricted cash as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Our cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are summarized as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	60,803	$	47,112
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(24,240)		26,121
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(439)		65,373

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities primarily consists of net loss, adjusted for certain non-cash items, including, deferred income taxes, stock-based compensation expense, depreciation and amortization, amortization of internally developed software, other non-cash items, and the effect of changes in working capital and other activities.

Collection of commissions receivable depends upon the timing of our receipt of commission payments and associated commission reports from health insurance carriers. If we were to experience a delay in receiving a commission payment from a significant health insurance carrier within a quarter, our operating cash flows for that quarter could be adversely impacted.

While we recognize constrained LTV as revenue at the time applications are approved, our collection of the cash commissions resulting from approved applications generally occurs over a number of years. The expense associated with approved applications, however, is generally incurred at the time of enrollment. As a result, the net cash flow resulting from approved applications is generally negative in the period of revenue recognition and becomes positive over the lifetime of the member. In periods of membership growth, cash receipts associated with new and continuing members may be less than the cash outlays to acquire new members.

A significant portion of our marketing and advertising expense is directly correlated with the number of health insurance applications submitted on our ecommerce platforms. Since our marketing and advertising costs are expensed and generally paid as incurred, and since commission revenue is recognized upon approval of a member but commission payments are paid to us over time, our operating cash flows could be adversely impacted by a substantial increase in the volume of applications submitted during a quarter or positively impacted by a substantial decline in the volume of applications submitted during a quarter. During the Medicare annual enrollment period that takes place during the last quarter of each year and the reintroduced Medicare Advantage open enrollment period in the first quarter of the year, we experience an increase in the number of submitted Medicare-related health insurance applications and marketing and advertising expenses compared to outside of these annual enrollment periods. Similarly, during the open enrollment period for individual and family health insurance plans which typically takes place during the fourth quarter of each year, we experience an increase in the number of submitted individual and family plan health insurance applications and marketing and advertising expenses compared to outside of open enrollment periods. The timing of open enrollment periods for individual and family


Table of Contents

health insurance plans, the Medicare annual enrollment period and the open enrollment period for Medicare-related health insurance can positively or negatively affect our cash flows during each quarter.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 – Net cash provided by operating activities was $60.8 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily driven by changes in net operating assets and liabilities of $74.0 million and adjustments for non-cash items of $6.7 million, partially offset by a net loss of $19.9 million. Adjustments for non-cash items primarily consisted of $5.0 million of stock-based compensation expense and $4.6 million of amortization of internally developed software, partially offset by a $3.6 million decrease due to the change in deferred income taxes. Cash provided by changes in net operating assets and liabilities during the three months ended March 31, 2023 primarily consisted of decreases of $82.5 million in contract assets – commissions receivable and $1.6 million in accounts receivable and increases of $7.2 million in accrued compensation and related expenses, partly offset by decreases of $15.0 million in accrued marketing expenses and $1.5 million in accounts payable.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 – Net cash provided by operating activities was $47.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2022, primarily driven by changes in net operating assets and liabilities of $77.6 million and adjustments for non-cash items of $2.2 million, partially offset by a net loss of $32.7 million. Adjustments for non-cash items primarily consisted of $5.3 million of stock-based compensation expense and $3.8 million of amortization of internally developed software, partially offset by an $8.0 million decrease due to the change in deferred income taxes. Cash provided by changes in net operating assets and liabilities during the three months ended March 31, 2022 primarily consisted of decreases of $77.1 million in contract assets – commissions receivable and $12.4 million in prepaid expenses and other current assets, and increases of $4.8 million in accrued expenses and other liabilities, partly offset by decreases of $16.8 million in accrued marketing expenses and $5.5 million in accounts payable.

Investing Activities

Our investing activities primarily consist of purchases and redemption of marketable securities, purchases of computer hardware and software to enhance our website and customer care operations, and capitalized internal-use software.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 – Net cash used in investing activities of $24.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 mainly consisted of $22.0 million used to purchase marketable securities and $2.2 million in capitalized internal-use software and website development costs.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 – Net cash provided by investing activities of $26.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 mainly consisted of $34.3 million of proceeds from the maturities and redemptions of marketable securities, partially offset by $4.2 million in capitalized internal-use software and website development costs and $3.9 million used to purchase marketable securities.

Financing Activities

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 – Net cash used in financing activities of $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was primarily due to $0.4 million in repurchases of shares to satisfy employee tax withholding obligations.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 – Net cash provided by financing activities of $65.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was primarily due to $64.9 million of net proceeds from debt financing and $1.1 million of net proceeds from the exercise of common stock options, partially offset by $0.5 million in repurchases of shares to satisfy employee tax withholding obligations.

Convertible Preferred Stock

On April 30, 2021 (the “Closing Date”), we issued and sold 2,250,000 shares of our newly designated Series A convertible preferred stock (“Series A preferred stock”) at an aggregate purchase price of $225.0 million to


Table of Contents

Echelon Health SPV, LP ("H.I.G."), at a price of $100 (the “Stated Value” per share of Series A preferred stock) per share (the "Private Placement"). We received $214.0 million net proceeds from the Private Placement with H.I.G., which are net of sales commissions and certain transaction fees.

Dividends on our outstanding shares of Series A preferred stock accrue daily at 8% per annum on the Stated Value per share and compound semiannually, payable in kind until April 30, 2023, which is the second anniversary of the Closing Date, on June 30 and December 31 of each year, beginning on June 30, 2021, and will thereafter be 6% payable in kind and 2% payable in cash in arrears on June 30 and December 31 of each year, beginning on June 30, 2023 (each, a “Cash Dividend Payment Date”). Dividends payable in kind will be cumulative. The Series A preferred stock also participates, on an as-converted basis (without regard to conversion limitations) in all dividends paid to the holders of our common stock. If we fail to declare and pay full cash dividend payments as required by the certificate of designations for the Series A preferred stock for two consecutive Cash Dividend Payment Dates, the cash dividend rate then in effect shall increase one time by 2%, retroactive to the first day of the semiannual period immediately preceding the first Cash Dividend Payment Date at which we failed to pay such accrued cash dividends, until such failure to pay full cash dividends is cured (at which time the dividend rate shall return to the rate prior to such increase). The dividend rights of the Series A preferred stock are senior to all of our other equity securities.

Beginning on April 30, 2027, which is the sixth anniversary of the Closing Date, each holder of Series A preferred stock will have the right to require us to redeem all or any portion of the Series A preferred stock for cash at a price calculated as set forth in the certificate of designations. In addition, upon certain change of control events, holders of Series A preferred stock can require us, subject to certain exceptions, to repurchase any or all of their Series A preferred stock. See Note 6 — Convertible Preferred Stock in our Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

Term Loan Credit Agreement

We entered into a Credit Agreement with Blue Torch Finance LLC, as administrative agent and collateral agent, and the other lenders party thereto in February 2022 (the "Original Credit Agreement") and entered into an amendment (the "Amendment") to the Original Credit Agreement in August 2022 (as amended by the Amendment, the "Credit Agreement"). The Credit Agreement provides for a $70.0 million secured term loan credit facility, which term loans were made available to us on February 28, 2022. We terminated our credit agreement with Royal Bank of Canada ("RBC"), pursuant to which we had an up to $75.0 million revolving credit facility in connection with our receiving the loan under the Term Loan Credit Agreement. The Amendment replaced the LIBOR-based Adjusted Eurocurrency Rate (as defined in the Original Credit Agreement) with Adjusted Term SOFR (as defined in the Amendment) as a reference rate for loans under the Credit Agreement

The proceeds of the loans under the Credit Agreement may be used for working capital and general corporate purposes, to refinance our credit agreement with RBC and to pay fees and expenses in connection with the entry into the Credit Agreement. The Original Credit Agreement bore interest, at our option, at either a rate based on the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") for the applicable interest period or a base rate, in each case plus a margin. The base rate was the highest of the prime rate, the federal funds rate plus 0.50% and one month adjusted LIBOR plus 1.00%. The margin was 7.50% for LIBOR loans and 6.50% for base rate loans. After the Amendment, the loans under the Credit Agreement bear interest, at our option, at either a rate based on the Adjusted Term SOFR or a base rate, in each case plus a margin. The base rate is the highest of the prime rate, the federal funds rate plus 0.50% and three-month Adjusted Term SOFR plus 1.00%. The margin is 7.50% for Adjusted Term SOFR loans and 6.50% for base rate loans.

Furthermore, as part of the Credit Agreement, we incur a $0.3 million fee per annum, payable annually. The outstanding obligations under the Credit Agreement are payable in full on the maturity date. The Credit Agreement matures in February of 2025. We have the right to prepay the loans under the Credit Agreement in whole or in part at any time, subject, in the case of certain mandatory prepayments or any voluntary prepayment of the loans under the Credit Agreement after February 28, 2023, to an exit fee, which right we did not exercise. Our obligations under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by certain of our material domestic subsidiaries and substantially all of our


Table of Contents

assets and the assets of such guarantors, in each case, subject to customary exclusions. We are obligated to pay administration fees in connection with the Credit Agreement.

As of March 31, 2023, we had $66.5 million outstanding principal amount under our Credit Agreement, net of closing costs. See Note 12 – Debt of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information regarding the Credit Agreement.

Seasonality

Open enrollment periods drive the seasonality of our business. A greater number of our Medicare-related health insurance plans are sold in our fourth quarter during the Medicare annual enrollment period when Medicare-eligible individuals are permitted to change their Medicare Advantage and Medicare Part D prescription drug coverage for the following year. As a result, our Medicare plan-related commission revenue is highest in our fourth quarter. Our Medicare plan-related commission revenue is also elevated in the first quarter compared to the second and third quarters as a result of the reintroduction of the Medicare Advantage open enrollment period in the first quarter of 2019. Any changes to or additional enrollment periods may change the seasonality of our business.

The majority of our individual and family health insurance plans are sold in the fourth quarter during the annual open enrollment period as defined under the federal Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and related amendments in the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act. In the states where the Federally Facilitated marketplace operates as the state health insurance exchange, individuals and families generally are not able to purchase individual and family health insurance outside of the annual enrollment period, unless they qualify for a special enrollment period as a result of certain qualifying events, such as losing employer-sponsored health insurance or moving to another state. Extended open enrollment or special enrollment periods may change the seasonality of our individual and family health insurance business.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1 – Summary of Business and Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for recently issued accounting standards that could have an effect on us.


Table of Contents

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Credit and Interest Rate Risk

Our financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk principally consist of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, accounts receivable, and contract assets – commissions receivable.

Our cash, cash equivalents, short-term marketable securities, and restricted cash are summarized as follows (in thousands):


	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents (1) (2)	$	180,633	$	144,401
Short-term marketable securities (2)	22,059		—
Restricted cash	3,239		3,239
Total cash, cash equivalents, short-term marketable securities, and restricted cash	$	205,931	$	147,640

_________________

(1)We deposit our cash and cash equivalents in accounts with major banks and financial institutions and such deposits are in excess of federally insured limits. We also have deposits with major banks in China that are denominated in both U.S. dollars and Chinese Yuan Renminbi and are not insured by the U.S. federal government.

(2)See Note 4 – Fair Value Measurements in our Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on our cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities.

Our portfolio of available-for-sale debt securities is exposed to credit and interest rate risk. As of March 31, 2023, we invested $22.1 million in marketable securities primarily consisting of commercial paper with credit ratings of A or equivalent by S&P Rating and Moody's Investor Services. The maturities of these securities were less than one year. See Note 4 – Fair Value Measurements in our Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion on our available-for-sale debt securities.

As of March 31, 2023, our net contract assets – commissions receivable balance was $802.0 million. Our contracts with carriers expose us to credit risk that a financial loss could be incurred if the counterparty does not fulfill its financial obligation. While we are exposed to credit losses due to the non-performance of our counterparties, we consider the risk of this remote. We estimate our maximum credit risk in determining the contract assets – commissions receivable balance recognized on the balance sheet. We had allowances for credit losses of $2.2 million and $2.4 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Our total contract assets and accounts receivable are summarized as follows (in thousands):


	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Contract assets – commissions receivable – current	$	205,679	$	242,749
Contract assets – commissions receivable – non-current	596,354		641,555
Accounts receivable	1,027		2,633
Total contract assets and accounts receivable	$	803,060	$	886,937

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

To date, substantially all of our revenue has been derived from transactions denominated in United States Dollars. We have exposure to adverse changes in exchange rates associated with operating expenses of our foreign operations, which are denominated in Chinese Yuan Renminbi. Foreign currency fluctuations have not had a material impact historically on our results of operations; however, they may in the future. We have not engaged in any foreign currency hedging or other derivative transactions to date.


Table of Contents

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Our Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Based on management’s evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

During the first quarter of fiscal 2023, the Company adopted a new enterprise resource planning (“ERP”) system, which replaced our existing financial system and is designed to enhance operational functionality and efficiency and provide timely information to the Company’s management team related to the operation of the business. In connection with the implementation process, we have made certain modifications to our internal processes to better align with the new ERP system. We do not believe these changes to the ERP systems that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2023 have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. While we believe this new system will strengthen our internal controls, given the inherent risks associated with implementing any new system, we will continue to evaluate the adequacy and effectiveness of current internal controls over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

Our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, believes that our disclosure controls and our internal control over financial reporting are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and are effective at the reasonable assurance level. However, our management does not expect that our disclosure controls or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.


Table of Contents

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

In the ordinary course of our business, we have received and may continue to receive inquiries from state and federal regulators relating to various matters. We have become, and may in the future become, involved in litigation in the ordinary course of our business. If we are found to have violated laws or regulations in any jurisdiction, we could be subject to various fines and penalties, including revocation of our license to sell insurance in those states, and our business, operating results and financial condition would be harmed. Revocation of any of our licenses or penalties in one jurisdiction could cause our license to be revoked or for us to face penalties in other jurisdictions. In addition, without a health insurance license in a jurisdiction, carriers would not pay us commissions for the products we sold in that jurisdiction, and we would not be able to sell new health insurance products in that jurisdiction. We could also be harmed to the extent that related publicity damages our reputation as a trusted source of objective information relating to health insurance and its affordability. It could also be costly to defend ourselves regardless of the outcome. Our material legal proceedings are described in Part I, Item I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Note 8 – Commitments and Contingencies.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

In addition to other information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in other filings we make with the Securities and Exchange Commission, the following risk factors should be carefully considered in evaluating our business as they may have a significant impact on our business, operating results and financial condition. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition, results of operations and future prospects could be materially and adversely affected. Because of the following factors, as well as other variables affecting our operating results, past financial performance should not be considered as a reliable indicator of future performance and investors should not use historical trends to anticipate results or trends in future periods. Our Risk Factors are not guarantees that no such conditions exist as of the date of this report and should not be interpreted as an affirmative statement that such risks or conditions have not materialized, in whole or in part.

Risks Related to Our Business

The markets in which we participate are intensely competitive, and if we cannot compete effectively against current and future competitors, including government-run health insurance exchanges, our business, operating results and financial condition could suffer.

The market for selling health insurance plans is characterized by intense competition, and we face challenges associated with evolving distribution models, industry and regulatory standards, customer price sensitivity and macro-economic conditions. To remain competitive against our current and future competitors, we need to continue to enhance the online health insurance shopping experience and functionalities of our website and customer care operations that our current and future customers may use to purchase health insurance products from us. We also need to work with the health insurance carriers to be able to offer a variety of quality health insurance plans on our platform from which our customers may choose. We will also need to market our services effectively and drive a substantial number of consumers interested in purchasing health insurance to our website and customer care centers during the relevant enrollment periods in a cost-effective manner.

We compete with government-run health insurance exchanges, among others, with respect to our sale of Medicare-related and individual and family health insurance. The federal government operates a website where Medicare beneficiaries can purchase Medicare Advantage and Medicare Part D prescription drug plans or be referred to carriers to purchase Medicare Supplement plans. We also compete with the original Medicare program. The Affordable Care Act exchanges have websites where individuals and small businesses can purchase health insurance, and they also have offline customer support and enrollment capabilities. Our competitors also include local insurance agents across the United States who sell health insurance plans in their communities, companies


Table of Contents

that advertise primarily through television, and companies that operate call centers or websites that provide quote information or the opportunity to purchase health insurance telephonically or online, including lead aggregator services. Although we work with many health insurance carriers on marketing and selling their insurance plans on their behalf, many of them also compete with us by directly marketing and selling their plans to consumers through call centers, Internet advertising and their own websites. In recent years, we have also seen increased competition from national telesales insurance brokers.

Some of our current and potential competitors have longer operating histories, larger customer bases, greater brand recognition and significantly greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources than we do. As compared to us, our current and future competitors may be able to undertake more extensive marketing campaigns for their brands and services, devote more resources to website and systems development, negotiate more favorable commission rates and commission override payments, and make more attractive offers to potential employees, marketing partners and third-party service providers.

Competitive pressures from government-run health insurance exchanges and other competitors may result in our experiencing increased marketing costs, especially during the Medicare annual enrollment period, decreased demand and loss of market share, increased health insurance plan termination and member turnover, reduction in our membership or revenue and may otherwise harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our business may be harmed if we lose our relationship with health insurance carriers or our relationship with health insurance carriers is modified.

The success of our business depends upon our ability to enter into new and maintain existing relationships with health insurance carriers on favorable economic terms. Any impairment of our relationship with, or the material financial impairment of, these health insurance carriers or our inability to enter into new relationships with other health insurance carriers could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our contractual relationships with health insurance carriers are typically non-exclusive and terminable on short notice by either party for any reason. In many cases, health insurance carriers may also amend the terms of our agreements unilaterally, including commission rates, on short notice. Health insurance carriers may decide to reduce our commissions, rely on their own internal distribution channels to sell their own plans, determine not to sell their plans or otherwise limit or prohibit us from selling their plans. Carriers may also amend our agreements with them for a variety of reasons, including for competitive or regulatory reasons, dissatisfaction with the economics of the members that we place with them or because they do not want to be associated with our brand. In particular, the laws and regulations applicable to the business of selling Medicare-related health insurance are complex and frequently change. If we or our health insurance agents violate any of the requirements imposed by CMS, or applicable federal or state laws or regulations, health insurance carriers may terminate their relationship with us or require us to take corrective action if our Medicare product sales or marketing give rise to too many complaints.

The termination of our relationship with a health insurance carrier, the reduction of commission rates, or the amendment of or change in our relationship with a carrier has in the past reduced, and may in the future reduce, the variety, quality and affordability of health insurance plans we offer, cause a loss of commission payments, including commissions for past and/or future sales, cause a reduction in the estimated constrained lifetime values ("LTVs") we use for revenue recognition purposes, result in a loss of existing and potential members, adversely impact our profitability or have other adverse impacts, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. Health insurance carriers may also determine to exit certain states or increase premiums to a significant degree, which could cause our members’ health insurance to be terminated or our members to purchase new health insurance or determine not to pay for health insurance at all. If we lose these members, our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed.


Table of Contents

We derive a significant portion of our revenue from a small number of health insurance carriers, and any impairment of our relationship with them or impairment of their business could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our revenue has been concentrated in a small number of health insurance carriers and we expect that a small number of health insurance carriers will continue to account for a significant portion of our revenue for the foreseeable future. For example, Humana, UnitedHealthcare, Aetna and Centene accounted for 24%, 22%, 6% and 2%, respectively, of our total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and accounted for 27%, 15%, 11% and 14%, respectively, of our total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2022. As discussed elsewhere in this Risk Factors section, our contractual relationships with health insurance carriers are typically non-exclusive and terminable on short notice by either party for any reason. In particular, given the concentration of our Medicare plan sales in a small number of carriers, if we lose a relationship with a health insurance carrier to market their Medicare plans, even temporarily, or if the health insurance carrier loses its Medicare product membership, our business, operating results and financial condition would be harmed.

If we are unable to successfully attract and convert qualified prospects into members for whom we receive commissions, our business, operating results and financial condition would be harmed.

We derive our revenues primarily from commission payments paid to us by health insurance carriers for Medicare-related health insurance and individual and family health insurance plans that have been purchased by members through our services. Our business success depends in large part on our ability to attract qualified prospects into our enrollment platform and provide a relevant and reliable experience in a cost-effective manner to convert such prospects into paying members for whom we receive commissions. We employ different marketing channels and may from time to time adjust our member acquisition strategy to attract visitors to our website and communicate with customers who contact our call centers. If our ability to market and sell Medicare-related health insurance and individual and family health insurance is constrained during the Medicare or individual and family health insurance enrollment periods for any reason, such as technology failures, interruptions in the operation of our ecommerce or telephony platforms, reduced allocation of resources, or any inability to timely employ, license, train, certify and retain our employees to sell health insurance, we could acquire fewer members, suffer a reduction in our membership, and our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed. Our business may also be adversely affected by changes in the mix of products and services that we offer on our platform, changes in the mix of consumers who are referred to us through our direct, marketing partner and online advertising member acquisition channels, including the quality of sales leads, and by seasonal influences. In addition, adverse market events or economic conditions, such as inflation and rising unemployment levels, could impact consumer behavior and demand for health insurance. If more consumers decide to delay enrollment or decrease or discontinue coverage under plans sold through us, our business, operating results and financial condition would be adversely affected.

We have taken and may take additional actions to improve the customer experience, enhance accuracy of plan recommendations, reduce rapid disenrollment and beneficiary complaints, and improve the quality of our enrollments. Although we have in the past invested, and may from time to time invest, in various areas of our business, including technology and content, customer care and enrollment, and marketing and advertising to improve the quantity and quality of our membership enrollment in advance of enrollment periods, such investment may not result in a significant number of approved and paying members or may not be as cost-effective as we anticipated.

Our financial results will be adversely impacted if we are unable to retain our existing members.

We receive commissions from health insurance carriers for health insurance plans sold through us. When one of these plans is canceled, or if we otherwise do not remain the agent on the plan, we no longer receive the related commission payment. Health insurance carriers may choose to discontinue their health insurance plans for a variety of reasons, and when members update their health insurance plan, they may also select a different plan that is not sold through us, or we are otherwise no longer the agent on the plan. Consumers may also purchase individual and family and Medicare-related health insurance plans directly from other sources, such as our competitors, and we would not remain the agent on the policy and receive the related commission.


Table of Contents

Our ability to grow and retain our membership depends on various factors, including agent productivity, the ability of enrollees to change their health plan outside of the Medicare annual enrollment period, the source of referrals and their enrollment experience. In addition, extended enrollment periods could lead to increased termination rates in the future, which could adversely impact our business, operating results and financial condition. Any decrease in the amount of time we retain our members on the health insurance plans that they purchased through us could adversely impact the estimated constrained LTVs we use for purposes of recognizing revenue, which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition. If we experience higher health insurance plan termination rates than we estimated when we recognized commission revenue, we may not collect all of the related commissions receivable, which could result in a reduction in LTV and a write-off of contract assets - commissions receivable, which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, if agent productivity and member retention rates decline, our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed.

Our business is seasonal in nature, and if we are not successful in responding to changes in the seasonality of our business, our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed.

Due to the timing of Medicare and individual and family health plan annual enrollment periods, which may be subject to change from time to time, our financial results fluctuate and are not comparable from quarter to quarter. The Medicare annual enrollment period occurs from October 15 to December 7 each year, the individual and family health insurance open enrollment period occurs from November 1 through December 15 each year for most states, and the Medicare Advantage open enrollment period, during which Medicare-eligible individuals enrolled in a Medicare Advantage plan can switch to the original Medicare program or switch to a different Medicare Advantage plan, runs from January 1 through March 31 of each year. As a result, we have traditionally experienced an increase in the number of submitted Medicare-related applications and approved members during the fourth quarter and, to a lesser extent, in the first quarter, and an increase in Medicare plan related expense, including marketing and advertising expenses, during the third and fourth quarters in connection with the open enrollment periods. However, because commissions from approved customers are paid to us over time, our operating cash flows could be adversely impacted by a substantial increase in marketing and advertising expense.

Changes in timing of the Medicare or individual and family health plan enrollment periods, adoption of new or special enrollment periods, changes in eligibility and subsidies applicable to the purchase of health insurance, and changes in the laws and regulations that govern the sale of health insurance may occur from time to time and we may not be able to timely adjust to changes in the seasonality of our business, and our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed.

Changes in our management or key employees could affect our business and financial results.

Our success is dependent upon the performance of our senior management and our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel for all areas of our organization. We may not be successful in attracting and retaining personnel on a timely basis, on competitive terms or at all. If we are unable to attract and retain the necessary personnel, our business would be harmed. Our executive officers and employees can terminate their employment at any time, and the loss of these individuals could harm our business, especially if we are not successful in developing adequate succession plans. In recent years, we have appointed several new executive officers across multiple functions, and we may have additional changes in the future. For example, in 2022, we appointed a new chief operating officer and chief transformation officer, a new chief financial officer and a new general counsel. We also appointed a new chief accounting officer, a new chief marketing officer and a new chief people officer. In the first quarter of 2023, we also appointed a new chief digital officer. The transition and the departure of members of our senior management could result in additional attrition in our senior management and key personnel, and any significant change in leadership over a short period of time could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

We also depend on a relatively small number of licensed health insurance agents for certain key roles, and the loss of such key employees could harm our business. For example, we are required to appoint a single designated writing agent with each insurance carrier. A small number of our employees act as writing agent and


Table of Contents

each employee that acts as writing agent does so for a number of carriers. When an employee that acts as writing agent terminates their employment with us, we need to replace such writing agent with another employee who has health insurance licenses. Due to our national reach and the large number of carriers whose plans are purchased by our members, the process of changing writing agents has in the past taken and could take a significant period of time to complete. If the transition is not successful, our ability to sell health insurance plans may be interrupted, our agency relationship with particular insurance carriers may be terminated, our commission payments could be discontinued or delayed and, as a result, our business, operating results and financial condition would be harmed.

Our business success depends on our ability to timely hire, train and retain qualified licensed health insurance agents to provide superior customer service and support our strategic initiatives while also controlling our labor costs.

Our omnichannel consumer engagement platform enables customers to discover, compare and purchase a health insurance plan using our proprietary online search engine as well as receive assistance of a licensed insurance agent, by telephone, online chat or through a hybrid online assisted interaction such as co-browsing. Our customer care center operations are critical to our success and dependent on our ability to recruit, hire, train and effectively manage our licensed health insurance agents and other employees. In order to sell Medicare-related health insurance plans, our health insurance agent employees must be licensed by the states in which they are selling plans and certified and appointed with the health insurance carrier that offers the plans in each applicable state. We depend upon our employees, state departments of insurance, government exchanges and health insurance carriers for the licensing, certification and appointment of our health insurance agents. We may experience difficulties hiring a sufficient number of licensed agents and retaining existing licensed agents during the year and especially for the Medicare annual enrollment period. If we are not successful in these regards, our ability to sell Medicare-related health insurance plans will be impaired during the Medicare annual enrollment period, which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

Even if we are successful in hiring licensed health insurance agents, our success depends on the productivity of these health insurance agents. Failure to retain, train and ensure the productivity of our health insurance agents could result in lower-than-expected sold plans, conversion rates and revenue, higher costs of acquisition per member and higher plan termination rates, any of which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. If our health insurance agents do not perform to the standards we expect of them or if we do not generate sufficient call volumes for our health insurance agents to remain productive, our sold plan volume, conversion and retention rates could be negatively impacted, and our business, operating results and financial condition would be harmed. If investments we make in our call center operations do not result in the returns we expected when making those investments, we could acquire fewer members, suffer a reduction in our membership, and our business, operating results and financial condition would be harmed.

Our business may be harmed if we are not successful in executing on our operational and strategic plans, including our growth strategies, cost-saving and enrollment quality initiatives.

Our future performance depends in large part upon our ability to execute our operational and strategic plans. Our success depends in large part on our ability to develop and improve products and services. We have in the past invested and may make significant investments in marketing and advertising, technology, customer care and enrollment.

Our growth strategy also involves investment in the development of new offerings and initiatives that differentiate us from our competitors, and accordingly, we may also enter into strategic partnerships aligned with our business and growth objectives. Pursuing and investing in these initiatives may increase our expenses and our organizational complexity, divert management's attention from other business concerns and also involve risks and uncertainties described elsewhere in this Risk Factors section, including the initiatives not achieving our retention, cost-savings, growth or profitability targets, inadequate return of capital on our investments, legal and regulatory compliance risks, potential changes in laws and regulations and other issues that could cause us to fail to realize the anticipated benefits of our investments and incur unanticipated liabilities. If we are not successful in executing on our operational and strategic plans or if we do not realize the expected benefits of our investments, our business, operating results and financial condition would be harmed.


Table of Contents

In addition, from time to time, we may initiate restructuring plans to implement cost savings initiatives or programs including, among other things, reductions in workforce and other fixed and variable expenses. While such initiatives are intended to improve our operations through re-engineering, reorganizing, and better deployment of marketing expenses, we may not successfully realize the expected benefits of the actions that we have or may in the future take in connection therewith. A variety of risks could cause us not to realize some or all of the expected benefits of these or any other restructuring plans that we may undertake, including, among others, higher than anticipated costs in implementing such restructuring plans, management distraction from ongoing business activities, damage to our reputation and brand image, including negative publicity, workforce attrition beyond planned reductions and risks and uncertainties described elsewhere in this Risk Factors section. Even if we do implement and administer these plans in the manner contemplated, our estimated cost savings resulting therefrom are based on several assumptions that may prove to be inaccurate and, as a result, we cannot assure you that we will realize these cost savings.

Our failure to effectively manage our operations and maintain our company culture as our business evolves and our work practices change could harm us.

Our future operating results will depend on our ability to manage our operations. It is also important to our success that we hire qualified personnel and properly train and manage them, all while maintaining our corporate culture and spirit of innovation. If we are not successful in these efforts, our growth and operations could be adversely affected. In the third quarter of 2022, we adopted a remote first workplace model in the United States, meaning that, except for those employees whose job responsibilities require in-office work, none of our employees are required to work at the office. While we believe allowing employees to work remotely will help us attract and retain talent, transitioning to and operating as a remote first company could negatively impact employee productivity and morale, sales and marketing efforts, customer success efforts, and revenue growth rates or other financial metrics, or create operational or other challenges, any of which could adversely impact our business, financial condition, and operating results in any given period, especially if such disruption occurs during or in our preparation for the Medicare annual enrollment period or individual and family health insurance enrollment periods. An increased number of employees in a remote work environment may also exacerbate certain risks to our business, including an increased demand for information technology resources, increased risk of phishing and other cybersecurity attacks, and increased risk of unauthorized dissemination of sensitive personal information or proprietary or confidential information about us or our customers or other third parties. Our product development initiatives could also be negatively impacted by the prevalence of remote work. Technologies in our employees' homes may also be more limited or less reliable than those provided in our offices. We may also be exposed to risks associated with the various locations of our remote employees, including compliance with local laws and regulations, and if employees fail to inform us of changes in their work location, we may be exposed to additional risks without our knowledge. If our key personnel or a significant portion of our employees are unable to work effectively in a remote setting or our business operations are otherwise disrupted during the Medicare or individual and family health insurance enrollment periods, the adverse impact on our business would be particularly pronounced. It may also be difficult for us to preserve our corporate culture, and our employees may have less opportunities to collaborate in meaningful ways, which could harm our ability to retain and recruit employees, innovate and operate our business effectively.

If we are not able to maintain and enhance our brand, our business and operating results could be harmed.

Our brand identity is critical to our relationships with existing members, marketing partners and health insurance carriers and to our ability to attract new members, marketing partners and health insurance carriers. The promotion of our brand in these and other ways may require us to make substantial investments and we anticipate that, as our market becomes increasingly competitive, these branding initiatives may become increasingly difficult and expensive. Our brand promotion activities may not be successful or yield increased revenue, and to the extent that these activities yield increased revenue, the increased revenue may not offset the expenses we incur and our operating results could be harmed. If we do not successfully maintain and enhance our brand, our business may not grow and we could lose our relationships with health insurance carriers, marketing partners and/or members, which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition. Negative incidents can erode trust and


Table of Contents

confidence quickly, and adverse publicity about us could damage our brand and reputation, undermine our customers’ confidence, affect our ability to recruit, engage, motivate and retain qualified staffs, attract regulatory scrutiny, and impact our relationships with current and potential partners.

We depend upon Internet search engines and social media platforms to attract a significant portion of the consumers who visit our website, and if we are unable to effectively advertise on search engines or social media platforms on a cost-effective basis, our business and operating results would be harmed.

We derive a significant portion of our website traffic from consumers who search for health insurance through Internet search engines, such as Google and Bing, and through social media platforms, such as Facebook. A critical factor in attracting consumers to our website is whether we are prominently displayed in response to an Internet search relating to health insurance or on a social media platform. Search engines typically provide two types of search results, algorithmic listings and paid advertisements. We rely on both to attract consumers to our websites and otherwise generate demand for our services.

Algorithmic search result listings are determined and displayed in accordance with a set of formulas or algorithms developed by the particular Internet search engine. The algorithms determine the order of the listing of results in response to the consumer’s Internet search. From time to time, search engines revise these algorithms. In some instances, these modifications have caused our website to be listed less prominently in algorithmic search results, which has resulted in decreased traffic to our website. We may also be listed less prominently as a result of other factors, such as new websites, changes we make to our website or technical issues with the search engine itself. For example, government health insurance exchange websites appear prominently in algorithmic search results and may reduce the prominence of our website. In addition, search engines have deemed the practices of some companies to be inconsistent with search engine guidelines and decided not to list their website in search result listings at all. If we are listed less prominently in, or removed altogether from, search result listings for any reason, the traffic to our websites would decline and we may not be able to replace this traffic, which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition. If we decide to attempt to replace this traffic, we may be required to increase our marketing expenditures, which would also increase our cost of member acquisition and harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

We purchase paid advertisements on search engines and social media platforms in order to attract consumers to our platforms. We typically pay a search engine for prominent placement of our website when particular health insurance-related terms are searched for on the search engine, regardless of the algorithmic search result listings. The prominence of the placement of our advertisement is determined by a combination of factors, including the amount we are willing to pay and algorithms designed to determine the relevance of our paid advertisement to a particular search term. As with algorithmic search result listings, search engines may revise the algorithms relevant to paid advertisements, and websites other than our ecommerce platform may become more optimized for the algorithms. These changes may result in our having to pay increased amounts to maintain our paid advertisement placement in response to a particular search term. We could also have to pay increased amounts should the market share of major search engines continue to become more concentrated with a single search engine. Additionally, we bid against our competitors, insurance carriers, government health insurance exchanges and others for the display of these paid search engine or social media platform advertisements. We have experienced increased competition for both algorithmic search result listings and for paid advertisements, and that competition increases substantially during the enrollment periods for Medicare-related health insurance and for individual and family health insurance. The competition has increased the cost of paid Internet search advertising and has increased our marketing and advertising expenses. If paid search advertising costs increase or become cost prohibitive, whether as a result of competition, algorithm changes or otherwise, our advertising expenses could rise significantly or we could reduce or discontinue our paid search advertisements, either of which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition.


Table of Contents

We rely significantly on marketing partners, and our business and operating results would be harmed if we are unable to maintain effective relationships with our existing marketing partners or if we do not establish successful relationships with new marketing partners.

We frequently enter into contractual marketing relationships with partners that drive consumers to our ecommerce platform and call centers. These marketing partners include financial and online services companies, affiliate organizations, online advertisers and content providers, and other marketing vendors. We also have relationships with strategic marketing partners, including hospitals and pharmacy chains that promote our Medicare platforms to their customers as well as other provider groups, wellness, and other digital and affinity groups. We compensate many of our marketing partners for their referrals on either a submitted health insurance application basis or a per-referral basis or, if they are licensed to sell health insurance, we may share a percentage of the commission we earn from the health insurance carrier for each member referred by the marketing partner. The success of our relationship is dependent on a number of factors, including but not limited to the continued positive market presence, reputation and growth of the marketing partner, the effectiveness of the marketing partner in marketing our website and services, the compliance of each marketing partner with applicable laws, regulations and guidelines, the contractual terms we negotiate with our marketing partners, including the marketing fees we agree to pay and our ability to accurately and timely track, pay and manage marketing partners. We depend on our marketing partners for a large number of quality referrals to keep our health insurance agents productive. If our marketing partners fail to deliver effective and/or timely marketing campaigns, especially during the Medicare annual enrollment period, our business and financial condition could be harmed.

While we have relationships with a large number of marketing partners, we depend upon referrals from a limited number of marketing partners for a significant portion of the submitted applications we receive from our marketing partner customer acquisition channel. Given our reliance on our marketing partners, our business, operating results and financial condition would be harmed if we are unable to maintain successful relationships with these companies, if we fail to establish successful relationships with new marketing partners, if we experience competition in our receipt of referrals from high volume marketing partners, or if we are required to pay increased amounts to our marketing partners.

Competition for referrals from our marketing partners has increased particularly during the enrollment periods for Medicare-related health insurance and individual and family health insurance. We may lose marketing partner referrals if our competitors pay marketing partners more than we do or be forced to pay increased fees to our marketing partners, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. If we lose marketing partner referrals during the Medicare or individual and family health insurance enrollment periods, the adverse impact on our business would be particularly pronounced. In addition, the promulgation of laws, regulations or guidelines, or the interpretation of existing laws, regulations and guidelines, by state departments of insurance or by CMS, could cause our relationships with our marketing partners to change or be in non-compliance with those laws, regulations and guidelines. As discussed elsewhere in this Risk Factors section, the marketing and sale of Medicare plans are subject to numerous laws, regulations and guidelines at the federal and state level, and recent changes to the CMS marketing guidelines have resulted in a more complicated and time-consuming process for marketing material filing and the need to file a significantly greater number of our and our marketing partners' marketing materials with CMS. If our marketing partners' marketing materials do not comply with the CMS marketing guidelines or other Medicare program related laws, rules and regulations, such non-compliance could result in our losing the ability to receive referrals of individuals interested in purchasing Medicare-related plans from that marketing material or being delayed in doing so. In the event that CMS or a health insurance carrier requires changes to, disapproves or delays approval of these materials, we could lose a significant source of Medicare plan demand and the operations of our Medicare business could be adversely affected. We also have relationships with marketing partners that utilize aspects of our platform and tools. Our relationships with these marketing partners result in the referral of a significant number of individuals to us who are interested in purchasing Medicare-related health insurance plans. If federal or state authorities were to change existing laws, regulations or guidelines, or interpret existing laws, regulations or guidelines, to prohibit these arrangements, or if marketing partners otherwise decided to no longer utilize aspects of our platform and tools, we could experience a significant decline in the number of Medicare-eligible individuals who are referred to our platforms and customer care centers, which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition.


Table of Contents

If our carrier advertising and sponsorship program is not successful, our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed.

We develop, host and maintain carrier dedicated Medicare plan websites and may undertake other marketing and advertising initiatives or perform other services through our Medicare plan advertising program. We also allow health insurance carriers to purchase advertising space for non-Medicare products on our website through our sponsorship program. To the extent that economic conditions, health care reform or other factors impact the amount health insurance carriers are willing to pay for advertising, our advertising and sponsorship program will be adversely impacted. In addition, since we maintain relationships with a limited number of health insurance carriers to sell their Medicare plans, our Medicare plan-related advertising revenue is concentrated in a small number of health insurance carriers, and our ability to generate Medicare plan-related advertising revenue would be harmed by the termination or non-renewal of any of these relationships as well as by a reduction in the amount a health insurance carrier is willing to pay for these services. Moreover, in light of the regulations applicable to the marketing and sale of Medicare plans, and given that these regulations are often complex, change frequently and are subject to changing interpretations or enforcement actions, we may in the future not be permitted to sell Medicare plan-related advertising services. If we are not successful in these areas or these factors are unfavorable to us, our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed.

The success of our sponsorship and advertising program depends on a number of factors, including the amount health insurance carriers are willing to pay for advertising services, the effectiveness of the sponsorship and advertising program as a cost-effective method for carriers to obtain additional members, consumer demand for the health insurance carrier’s product, our ability to attract consumers to our ecommerce platform, our call centers or the dedicated Medicare plan websites and convert those consumers into members, and the cost, benefit and brand recognition of the health insurance plan that is the subject of the advertising, among others. In addition, increased carrier focus on the quality of enrollments and reduction in member complaints could adversely impact our ability to successfully negotiate and operate our sponsorship and advertising programs. If we are not successful in these areas or these factors are unfavorable to us, our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed.

Our business may be harmed if we do not enroll subsidy-eligible individuals through government-run health insurance exchanges efficiently.

In order to offer the qualified health plans that individuals and families must purchase to receive Affordable Care Act subsidies, agents and brokers must meet certain conditions, such as receiving permission to do so from the applicable government health insurance exchange, entering into or maintaining an agreement with the health insurance exchange or a partner of the exchange, ensuring that the enrollment and subsidy application is completed through the health insurance exchange and complying with privacy, security and other standards. In the event Internet-based agents and brokers such as us use the Internet for completion of qualified health plan selection purposes, their websites may be required to meet certain additional requirements. To the extent we enroll individuals and families into qualified health plans, we do so predominantly through the Federally Facilitated Marketplace ("FFM"), which runs all or part of the health insurance exchange in 33 states, using a third-party partnership. The number of states using the FFM may decrease in the future, reducing our ability to enroll members through the FFM. We may experience difficulty in satisfying the conditions and requirements to offer qualified health plans to our existing members and new potential members and in getting them enrolled through the FFM or any similar state-based exchange. If we are not able to satisfy these conditions and requirements, or if we are not able to successfully adopt and maintain solutions that allow us to enroll large numbers of individuals and families in qualified plans over the Internet both during and outside of open enrollment periods, we will lose existing members and new members and may incur additional expense, which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

We have entered into an agreement to outsource certain aspects of the enrollment process for qualified health plans to a third-party vendor in light of the expense and burden associated with the additional requirements. If we are unsuccessful in maintaining a relationship with our third-party vendor who is approved to use the process, we may not be able to enroll individuals into qualified health plans through the FFM or could be required to use an inferior process to do so, which could cause a reduction in our individual and family health insurance plan


Table of Contents

membership and commission revenue. In addition, if we are not able to maintain solutions to integrate with government-run health insurance exchanges or if the health insurance exchange websites and other processes are unstable or not consumer friendly, efficient and compatible with the process we have adopted for enrolling individuals and families into qualified health plans through the exchanges, we would not be successful in retaining and acquiring members, and our business, operating results and financial condition would be harmed. The FFM may at any time cease allowing us or our third-party vendor to enroll individuals in qualified health plans or change the requirements for doing so, or relevant government regulations or agencies may prevent us from efficiently working with our third-party vendor, including timely receiving and using data from our third-party vendor. If the FFM ceases allowing us or our third-party vendor to enroll individuals, if the FFM platform does not function properly or if we are prevented from efficiently working with our third-party vendor, our ability to retain existing members and add new members could be negatively impacted, which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition. Similarly for states that use state-based exchanges instead of the FFM, we may not be able to establish or maintain stable, consumer friendly, efficient or compatible legal arrangements or technical processes to enroll members in qualified health plans through such state-based exchanges, either directly with the governmental entities running such state-based exchanges or through appropriate third parties that allow us to access such state-based exchanges. If we are unable to adapt our operations in a timely, efficient and cost-effective manner to respond to changing circumstances to allow us to continue to effectively enroll members through the FFM and state-based exchanges, our business may be adversely affected.

Our commission revenue could be negatively impacted by changes in our estimated conversion rate of an approved member to a paying member, our forecast of average plan duration or our forecast of likely commission amounts.

Our commission revenue, which is primarily comprised of commissions from health insurance carriers, is computed using the estimated LTVs of commission payments that we expect to receive, and we re-compute LTVs for all outstanding cohorts on a quarterly basis. As a result, the rate at which consumers visiting our ecommerce platforms and customer care centers seeking to purchase health insurance are converted into approved members directly impacts our revenue. In addition, the rate at which consumers who are approved become paying members impacts the constrained LTV of our approved members, which impacts the revenue that we are able to recognize.

A number of factors have influenced, and could in the future influence, these conversion rates for any given period, some of which are outside of our control. These factors include, but are not limited to:

•changes in consumer shopping behavior due to circumstances outside of our control, such as economic conditions, inflation, public health crises or illnesses, consumers’ ability or willingness to pay for health insurance, adverse events or perceptions affecting the U.S. or international financial systems, adverse weather conditions or natural disasters, unemployment rates, availability of unemployment benefits or proposed or enacted legislative or regulatory changes impacting our business, including health care reform;

•the quality of and changes to the consumer experience on our ecommerce platforms and/or with our customer care centers;

•regulatory requirements, including those that make the experience on our ecommerce platforms cumbersome or difficult to navigate or reduce the ability of consumers to purchase plans outside of enrollment periods;

•the variety, competitiveness, quality and affordability of the health insurance plans that we offer;

•system failures or interruptions in the operation of our ecommerce platform or call center operations;

•changes in the mix of consumers who are referred to us through our direct, marketing partner and online advertising member acquisition channels, including the quality of sales leads;

•health insurance carrier guidelines applicable to applications submitted by consumers, the degree to which our technology is integrated with health insurance carriers, the amount of time a carrier takes to make a decision on that application and the percentage of submitted applications approved by health insurance carriers;


Table of Contents

•the effectiveness of health insurance agents in assisting consumers, including the tenure of the health insurance agent; and

•our ability to enroll subsidy-eligible individuals in qualified health plans through government-run health insurance exchanges and the efficacy of the process we are required to use to do so.

Our conversion rates can be impacted by changes in the mix of consumers referred to us through our member acquisition channels and whether they interact with a more seasoned health insurance agent. We have made and may in the future, make changes to our ecommerce platforms, telephonic operations, marketing material or enrollment process in response to regulatory or health insurance carrier requirements or undertake other initiatives in an attempt to improve consumer experience, increase retention, or for other reasons. These changes have in the past, and may have in the future, the unintended consequence of adversely impacting our conversion rates. For example, in response to the increased plan termination rate in our Medicare membership in 2020 and 2021, which negatively impacted the LTVs of our Medicare plan-related products, we introduced mandatory additional training for our agents and added a new customer care role to verify certain Medicare enrollments prior to submission in the third quarter of 2021. While our focus on enrollment quality improved retention rates and increased LTVs of our Medicare products in the second half of 2022, it temporarily led to lower call conversion rates and longer average talk times for telephonic enrollments, resulting in a reduction in enrollments and increased cost of acquisition that has negatively impacted our business, operating results and financial condition. A decline in the percentage of consumers who submit health insurance applications on our ecommerce platforms or telephonically via our customer care centers and are converted into approved and paying members could cause an increase in our cost of acquiring members on a per member basis and impact our revenue in any given period. To the extent the rate at which we convert consumers visiting our ecommerce platforms or telephonically via our customer care centers into members suffers, our membership may decline, which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

If commission reports we receive from carriers are inaccurate or not sent to us in a timely manner, our business and operating results could be harmed, and we may not recognize trends in our membership.

We rely on health insurance carriers to timely and accurately report the amount of commissions earned by us, and we calculate our commission revenue, prepare our financial reports, projections and budgets and direct our marketing and other operating efforts based on the reports we receive from health insurance carriers. There have been instances where we have determined that plan cancellation data reported to us by a health insurance carrier has not been accurate. The extent to which health insurance carriers are inaccurate in their reporting of plan cancellations could cause us to change our cancellation estimates, which could adversely impact our revenue. We have designed controls to assess the completeness and accuracy of the data received, whereby we apply judgment and make estimates based on historical data and current trends to independently determine whether or not carriers are accurately reporting commissions due to us. We also operate procedures with carriers on an ongoing basis whereby potential under or over reporting is reconciled and discrepancies are resolved. For instance, we reconcile information health insurance carriers provide to us and may determine that we were not historically paid commissions owed to us, which would cause us to have underestimated our membership. Conversely, health insurance carriers may require us to return commission payments paid in a prior period due to plan cancellations for members we previously estimated as being active. To the extent that health insurance carriers understate or fail to accurately report the amount of commissions due to us in a timely manner or at all, our estimates of constrained LTV may be adversely impacted, which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, any inaccuracies in the reporting from and reconciliations with insurance carriers may also impact our estimates of constrained LTV or our estimates of commission revenue for future periods which is based on historical trends, including trends relating to contracted commission rates and expected health insurance plan cancellation.

We do not receive information about membership cancellations from our health insurance carriers directly, which makes it difficult for us to determine the impact of current conditions on our membership retention and to accurately estimate membership as of a specific date.

We depend on health insurance carriers and others for data related to our membership. For instance, with respect to health insurance plans other than small business health insurance, health insurance carriers do not directly report member cancellations to us, resulting in the need for us to determine cancellations using payment


Table of Contents

data that carriers provide. We infer cancellations from this payment data by analyzing whether payments from members have ceased for a period of time, and we may not learn of a cancellation for several months. The majority of our members who terminate their plans do so by discontinuing their insurance premium payments to the health insurance carrier and do not inform us of the cancellation. With respect to our small business membership, many groups notify the carrier directly with respect to increases or decreases in group size and policy cancellations. Our insurance carrier partners often do not communicate this information to us, and it often takes a significant amount of time for us to learn about small business group cancellations and changes in our membership within the group itself. We often are not made aware of policy cancellations until the time of the group’s annual renewal.

Given the number of months required to observe non-payment of commissions in order to confirm cancellations, we estimate the number of members who are active on health insurance plans as of a specified date. After we have estimated membership for a period, we may receive information from health insurance carriers that would have impacted the estimate if we had received the information prior to the date of estimation. We may receive commission payments or other information that indicates that a member who was not included in our estimates for a prior period was in fact an active member at that time, or that a member who was included in our estimates was in fact not an active member of ours. As a result of the Medicare annual enrollment and other open enrollment periods, we may not receive information from our carriers on as timely a basis due to the significant increase in health insurance transaction volume and for other reasons, which could impair the accuracy of our membership estimates. For these and other reasons, including if current trends in membership cancellation are inconsistent with past cancellation trends that we use to estimate our membership or if carriers subsequently report changes to the commission payments that they previously reported to us, our actual membership could be different from our estimates, perhaps materially. If our actual membership is different from our estimates, the constrained LTV component of our revenue recognition could also be inaccurate, including as a result of an inaccurate estimate of the average amount of time our members maintain their health insurance plans. As a result of the delay, we experience in receiving information about our membership, it is difficult for us to determine with any certainty the impact of current conditions on our membership retention. Various circumstances, including market-related factors such as changes in timing of enrollment periods, the ability of enrollees to change their health plan outside of the Medicare annual enrollment period, the source of referrals, their enrollment experience and other factors specific to our business, could cause the assumptions and estimates that we make in connection with estimating our membership and constrained LTV to be inaccurate, which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our operations in China involve many risks that could increase expenses, expose us to increased liability and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

A portion of our operations is conducted by our subsidiary in China. Among other things, we use employees in China to maintain and update our ecommerce platform and perform certain tasks within our finance and customer care and enrollment functions. We rely on third-party vendors to communicate with our subsidiary in China. Our business would be harmed if our ability to communicate via these vendors with these employees failed, and we were prevented from promptly updating our software or implementing other changes to our database and systems, among other things. From time to time we receive inquiries from health insurance carriers relating to our operations in China and the security measures we have implemented to protect data that our employees in China may be able to access. As a part of these inquiries, we have implemented additional security measures relating to our operations in China but may be required to implement further security measures to continue aspects of our operations in China. We may also be required to bring aspects of our operations in China back to the United States, which could be time-consuming and expensive and harm our operating results and financial condition. Health insurance carriers may also terminate our relationship due to concerns surrounding protection of data that our employees in China are able to access, which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our operations in China also expose us to different and unfamiliar laws, rules and regulations, including different intellectual property laws, which are not as protective of our intellectual property as the laws in the United States. United States and Chinese trade laws may also impose restrictions on the importation of programming or technology to or from the United States. We are also subject to anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws, privacy and data security laws, labor laws, tax laws, foreign exchange controls and cash repatriation restrictions in China. In recent years, China has adopted laws regulating cybersecurity and data protection. For example, a data security


Table of Contents

law in China that became effective on September 1, 2021 applies to the usage, collection and protection of data within China and imposes data security obligations and restrictions on transfers of certain data outside of China, including prohibition on providing any data stored in China to law enforcement authorities or judicial bodies outside of China without prior Chinese government approval. There remains considerable uncertainty as to how the data security law is applied, and the regulatory environment continues to evolve. Such laws, regulations and standards are complex, ambiguous and subject to change or interpretation, which create uncertainty regarding compliance. Compliance with these laws and regulations could cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business operations in China. Violation of applicable laws and regulations could adversely affect our brand, affect our relationship with our health insurance carriers, and could result in regulatory enforcement actions and the imposition of civil or criminal penalties and fines, which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our business may be adversely impacted by changes in China’s economic or political condition, the relationship between China and the United States or other countries, and our ability to continue to conduct our current operations in China. Any such changes may be caused by geopolitical issues, natural disasters, war or other events or circumstances. We have experienced greater competition for qualified personnel in China, which has raised market salaries and increased our compensation costs related to employees in China. If competition for personnel increases further, our compensation expenses could rise considerably or, if we determine to not increase compensation levels, our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel in China may be impaired, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. These risks could cause us to incur increased expenses and could harm our ability to effectively and successfully manage our operations in China. Moreover, any significant or prolonged deterioration in the relationship between the United States and China could adversely affect our operations in China. Certain risks and uncertainties of doing business in China are solely within the control of the Chinese government, and Chinese law regulates the scope of our foreign investments and business conducted within China. The escalation of international tensions has increased the risk associated with our operations in China. Either the United States or the Chinese government may limit or sever our ability to communicate with our China operations or may take actions that force us to close our operations in China. We employ a large number of our technology and content employees in China, and we have other employees in China that support our business. Any disruption of our operations in China, including any disruption as a result of the Chinese government's COVID-19 related policies, would adversely impact our business. If we are required to move aspects of our operations out of China as a result of political or geopolitical issues, changes in laws, inquiries from health insurance carriers or for other reasons, we could incur increased expenses, and our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed.

Our self-insurance programs may expose us to significant and unexpected costs and losses.

To help control our overall long-term costs associated with employee health benefits, we began maintaining U.S. employee health insurance coverage on a self-insured basis in the first quarter of 2023. To limit our exposure, we have third party stop-loss insurance coverage which sets a limit on our liability for both individual and aggregate claim costs. We record a liability for our estimated cost of U.S. claims incurred and unpaid as of each balance sheet date. Our estimated liability is based on assumptions we believe to be reasonable under the current circumstances and will be adjusted as warranted based on changing circumstances. It is possible, however, that our actual liabilities may exceed our estimates of losses. We may also experience an unexpectedly large number of claims that result in costs or liabilities in excess of our projections, which could cause us to record additional expenses. Our self-insurance reserves could prove to be inadequate, resulting in liabilities in excess of our available insurance and self-insurance. If a successful claim is made against us and is not covered by our insurance or exceeds our policy limits, our business may be negatively and materially impacted. These fluctuations could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.


Table of Contents

Risks Related to Laws and Regulations

The marketing and sale of Medicare plans are subject to numerous, complex and frequently changing laws, regulations and guidelines, and non-compliance with or changes in laws, regulations and guidelines could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

The marketing and sale of Medicare plans are subject to numerous laws, regulations and guidelines at the federal and state level. The marketing and sale of Medicare Advantage and Medicare Part D prescription drug plans are principally regulated by CMS but are also subject to state laws. The marketing and sale of Medicare Supplement plans are principally regulated on a state-by-state basis by state departments of insurance. The laws and regulations applicable to the marketing and sale of Medicare plans are numerous, ambiguous and complex, and, particularly with respect to regulations and guidance issued by CMS for Medicare Advantage and Medicare Part D prescription drug plans, change frequently. We have altered, and likely will have to continue to alter, our marketing and sales process to comply with these laws, regulations and guidelines.

Health insurance carriers whose Medicare plans we sell approve our websites, our call center scripts and a large portion of our marketing material. We must receive these approvals in order for us to market and sell Medicare plans to Medicare-eligible individuals as a health insurance agent. We are also required to file many of these materials on a regular basis with CMS. In addition, certain aspects of our Medicare plan marketing partner relationships have been in the past, and will be in the future, subjected to CMS and health insurance carrier review. CMS, state departments of insurance or health insurance carriers may decide to object to or not to approve aspects of our online platforms, sales function or marketing material and processes and may determine that certain existing aspects of our Medicare-related business are not in compliance with legal requirements. CMS scrutinizes health insurance carriers whose Medicare plans we sell, and those health insurance carriers may be held responsible for actions that we, our agents and our partners take, including our marketing materials and actions that lead to complaints or disenrollment. We expect that health insurance carriers will be increasingly evaluating broker performance based on quality of their enrollments, including complaints, retention rates, customer satisfaction and volumes. As a result, health insurance carriers may terminate their relationship with us or require us to take other corrective action if our Medicare product sales, marketing and operations are not in compliance or give rise to too many complaints. The termination of or change in our relationship with health insurance carriers for this reason could reduce the products we are able to offer, could result in the loss of commissions for past and future sales and could otherwise harm our business, operating results and financial condition. Changes to the laws, regulations and guidelines relating to the sale of Medicare plans, their interpretation or the manner in which they are enforced could impact the manner in which we conduct our Medicare business, our ecommerce platforms or our sale of Medicare plans, or we could be prevented from operating aspects of our Medicare revenue-generating activities altogether, which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition. We have received, and may in the future receive, inquiries from CMS or state departments of insurance regarding our marketing and business practices and compliance with laws and regulations. Inquiries and proceedings initiated by the government could adversely impact our health insurance licenses, require us to pay fines, require us to modify marketing and business practices, result in litigation and otherwise harm our business, operating results or financial condition.

In May 2021, CMS changed its process for the submission and approval of marketing materials related to Medicare Advantage and Medicare Part D prescription drug plans. The practical application of the previous process allowed for a lead carrier to handle most of the review and filing of Medicare plan marketing materials with CMS. The new process requires each carrier to approve of each filed marketing material and has resulted in a more complicated and time-consuming process to get our marketing material filed with CMS and through the process with carriers. In October 2021, CMS issued new guidance that significantly broadens the types of marketing materials that we are required to file with CMS, including the requirement to file certain generic marketing materials that refer to the benefits or costs of Medicare Advantage or Medicare Part D prescription drug plans but that do not specifically mention a health insurance carrier's name or a specific plan. As a result, we now submit to each Medicare Advantage and Medicare Part D prescription drug plan carrier with which we have a relationship a significantly larger number of marketing materials than we have in the past. We may not be able to use certain marketing materials and implement our marketing programs effectively if CMS or a health insurance carrier has comments or disapproves of our marketing materials. If we do not timely file the additional marketing materials with CMS or if health insurance carriers do not adapt to the new CMS requirements or increase the efficiency with which


Table of Contents

they review our marketing material, it could harm our sales and also harm our ability to efficiently change and implement new or existing marketing material, including call center scripts and our websites, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. If we or our marketing partners are not successful in timely receiving health insurance carrier or CMS approval of our marketing materials, or if a health insurance carrier refuses to accept enrollments relating to specific materials or marketing endeavors, we could be prevented from implementing our Medicare marketing and sales initiatives, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition, particularly if such delay or non-compliance occurs during the Medicare annual enrollment period or the Medicare Advantage open enrollment period.

In June 2022, CMS released final versions of the rules initially proposed in January 2022, which included several new provisions aimed at Third Party Marketing Organizations. The final rules require us and our marketing partners to implement additional verbal and written disclaimers and require us to implement further oversight measures over our marketing partners, beginning with the Medicare annual enrollment period in 2022. Given the adoption of these rules, we may incur additional costs to generate and convert leads from our marketing partners, as well as additional administrative costs, which could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, we are required to file marketing partner marketing materials relating to Medicare Advantage and Medicare Part D prescription drug plans with CMS, and health insurance carriers must review and approve the marketing materials.

In October 2022, CMS announced that in response to concerns about certain marketing practices in the Medicare marketplace, it would, among other things, be increasing review of certain marketing materials and practices and, beginning January 1, 2023, television advertisements will no longer be eligible for the CMS file and use process and instead will be subject to a more time-consuming review process. Compliance with these evolving laws and regulations may involve significant costs or require changes in our business practices that could have adverse impact on our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects. Non-compliance could also result in fines, damages, prohibitions on the conduct of our business, and damage to our reputation.

In December 2022, CMS announced proposed rules which were finalized in April 2023. The finalized rules may impose additional burdens on our business and otherwise harm our business results. For example, such rules, among other things, require us and our partners to provide to consumers additional disclaimers that may direct them away from our enrollment platform and towards government owned or operated enrollment channels or other platforms, add complications to the Medicare marketing material filing and review process, increase CMS and insurance carrier monitoring of agents and brokers such as us, add requirements on agents enrolling beneficiaries in Medicare plans, limit marketing of plan benefits and cost savings, require lengthy new disclosures that make certain forms of marketing infeasible, potentially require a 48-hour waiting period between initial contact with a beneficiary and enrolling that beneficiary, and limit the time we may contact beneficiaries about Medicare plan options to six months after the beneficiary gives us permission for such contact.

Changes and developments in the health insurance industry or system, including changes in laws and regulations, could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

The U.S. health insurance system, including the Medicare program, is subject to a changing regulatory environment at both the federal and state level. The future financial performance of our business will depend in part on our ability to adapt to regulatory developments. For example, the Affordable Care Act and related regulatory reforms have and will continue to change the industry in which we operate in substantial ways, including by increasing competition and limiting the ways in which we can operate. Legislative or regulatory changes to the Medicare program have and may continue to have similar impacts on our Medicare business. In addition, each state regulates its insurance market, including by regulating the ability of insurance companies to set premiums and prohibiting brokers and agents such as eHealth from competing in certain ways such as offering price reductions and rebates or marketing in certain ways. All these state regulations are also subject to periodic change. Such regulatory changes at either the federal or state level may negatively impact our business. Our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects may be materially and adversely affected if we are unable to adapt to regulatory changes.


Table of Contents

Our business depends upon the private sector of the U.S. health insurance system, which is subject to a changing environment. Changes and developments in the health insurance system and Medicare program in the United States could reduce demand for our services and harm our business. Ongoing health care reform efforts and measures may expand the role of government-sponsored coverage, including proposals for single payer or so called “Medicare-for-All” or other proposals that may have the effect of reducing or eliminating the market for our current range of health insurance products, which could have far-reaching implications for the health insurance industry if enacted. Some proposals would seek to eliminate the private marketplace while others would expand a government-sponsored option to a larger population or otherwise increase government oversight or competition in the sector. We are unable to predict the full impact of health care reform initiatives or other regulatory changes on our operations in light of the uncertainty of whether initiatives will be successful and the uncertainty regarding the terms and timing of any provisions enacted and the impact of any of those provisions on various healthcare and insurance industry participants. Changes to the Medicare program or the broader health insurance system as a result of elections or political developments could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. In the event that laws, regulations or rules that eliminate or reduce private sources of health insurance or Medicare are adopted, the demand for our products could be adversely impacted, and our business, operating results and financial condition would be harmed.

The laws and regulations governing the offer, sale and purchase of health insurance are complex and subject to change, and future changes may be adverse to our business. For example, a long-standing provision in most applicable state laws that we believe is advantageous to our business is that once health insurance premiums are set by the carrier and approved by state regulators, they are fixed and not generally subject to negotiation or discounting by insurance companies or agents. Additionally, state regulations generally prohibit carriers, agents and brokers from providing financial incentives, such as rebates, to their members in connection with the sale of health insurance. As a result, we do not currently compete with carriers or other agents and brokers on the price of the health insurance plans offered on our website. Changes in, or enforcement of, or compliance with, such regulations could impact consumers' demand for our services or cause health insurance carriers to lower our commission rates, which could reduce our revenue.

From time to time we are subject to various legal proceedings which could adversely affect our business.

We are, and may in the future become, involved in various legal proceedings and governmental inquiries, including labor and employment-related claims, claims relating to our marketing or sale of health insurance, intellectual property claims and claims relating to our compliance with securities laws. For example, in January 2022, we received a subpoena from the U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Massachusetts, seeking, among other things, information regarding our arrangements with insurance carriers, and we may receive similar inquiries in the future. Such inquiries and any other claims asserted against us, with or without merit, may be time-consuming, may be expensive to address and may divert management’s attention and other resources. These claims also could subject us to significant liability for damages, jeopardize our licenses to operate and harm our reputation. Our insurance and indemnities may not cover all claims that may be asserted against us. If we are unsuccessful in our defense in these legal proceedings, we may be forced to pay damages or fines, enter into consent decrees, stop offering our services or change our business practices, any of which would harm our business, operating results or financial condition.

We may be unable to operate our business if we fail to maintain our health insurance licenses and otherwise comply with the numerous laws and regulations applicable to the sale of health insurance.

We are required to maintain a valid license in each state in which we transact health insurance business and to adhere to sales, documentation and administration practices specific to that state. We must maintain our health insurance licenses to continue selling plans and to continue to receive commissions from health insurance carriers. In addition, each employee who transacts health insurance business on our behalf must maintain a valid license in one or more states. Because we do business in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, compliance with health insurance-related laws, rules and regulations is difficult and imposes significant costs on our business. Each jurisdiction’s insurance department typically has the power, among other things, to:


Table of Contents

•grant, limit, suspend and revoke licenses to transact insurance business;

•conduct inquiries into the insurance-related activities and conduct of agents and agencies;

•require and regulate disclosure in connection with the sale and solicitation of health insurance;

•authorize how, by which personnel and under what circumstances insurance premiums can be quoted and published and an insurance policy sold;

•approve which entities can be paid commissions from carriers and the circumstances under which they may be paid;

•regulate the content of insurance-related advertisements, including web pages, and other marketing practices;

•approve policy forms, require specific benefits and benefit levels and regulate premium rates;

•impose fines and other penalties; and

•impose continuing education requirements.

Due to the complexity, periodic modification and differing interpretations of insurance laws and regulations, we may not have always been, and we may not always be, in compliance with them. New laws, regulations and guidelines also may not be compatible with the sale of health insurance over the Internet or with various aspects of our platform or manner of marketing or selling health insurance plans. Failure to comply with insurance laws, regulations and guidelines or other laws and regulations applicable to our business could result in significant liability, additional department of insurance licensing requirements, required modification of our advertising and business practices, changes to our existing technology or platforms, the limitation, suspension and/or revocation of our licenses to sell health insurance, termination of our relationship with health insurance carriers and loss of commissions and/or our inability to sell health insurance plans, which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition. Moreover, an adverse regulatory action in one jurisdiction could result in penalties and adversely affect our license status, business or reputation in other jurisdictions due to the requirement that adverse regulatory actions in one jurisdiction be reported to other jurisdictions. Even if the allegations in any regulatory or other action against us are proven false, any surrounding negative publicity could harm consumer, marketing partner or health insurance carrier confidence in us, which could significantly damage our brand. In addition, as we expand our product base, we may be subject to additional laws and regulations.

Increasing regulatory focus on privacy and security issues and expanding laws could impact our business and expose us to increased liability.

Our business is subject to emerging privacy laws being passed at the state level that create unique compliance challenges. Our services involve the collection and storage of confidential and personally identifiable information of consumers and the transmission of certain personal information to their chosen health insurance carriers and to the government. For example, we collect names, addresses, credit card and social security numbers and health information such as information regarding consumers' prescription drugs and providers. We also hold a significant amount of personal information relating to our current and former employees. As a result, we are subject to various state and federal laws and contractual requirements regarding the access, use and disclosure of personal information. Compliance with state and federal privacy-related laws, particularly new state legislation such as the California Consumer Privacy Act, and increasingly robust industry standard security frameworks will result in cost increases due to an increased need for privacy compliance, oversight and monitoring, and the development of new processes to effectuate and demonstrate compliance. The effects of potential non-compliance by us or third-party service providers, and enforcement actions, may result in increased costs to our business and reputational harm. The privacy legislation landscape is rapidly evolving on a state-by-state basis that creates challenges for businesses to comply with the new legal obligations in a systematic fashion. For example, Virginia, Colorado and California have new privacy legislation that came or will come into effect in 2023; however, these laws have differing consumer rights and business obligations, differing obligations on data controllers and differing enforcement mechanisms. These new legal operations may change the way we conduct our business and may harm our results of operations and financial condition.


Table of Contents

Any perception that our practices, products or services violate individual privacy or data protection rights may subject us to public criticism, class action lawsuits, reputational harm, or investigations or claims by regulators, industry groups or other third parties, all of which could disrupt or adversely impact our business and expose us to increased liability. In the event that additional data privacy or data security laws are implemented, or our health insurance carrier or other partners determine to impose requirements on us relating to data privacy security, we may not be able to timely comply with such requirements or such requirements may not be compatible with our current processes. Changing our processes could be time-consuming and expensive, and failure to timely implement required changes could result in our inability to sell health insurance plans in a particular jurisdiction or for a particular health insurance carrier or subject us to liability for non-compliance, any of which would damage our business, operating results and financial condition. Health insurance carriers that we work with may also require us to comply with additional privacy and data security standards to do business with us at all. Compliance with privacy and data security standards is regularly assessed, and we may not always be compliant with the standards. If we are not in compliance, we may not be able to accept information from consumers, and our relationship with health insurance carriers could be adversely impacted or terminated, which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

Any legal liability, regulatory penalties, complaints or negative publicity related to the information on our website or that we otherwise provide could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

We provide information on our website, through our customer care centers, in our marketing materials and in other ways regarding health insurance in general and the health insurance plans we market and sell, including information relating to insurance premiums, coverage, benefits, provider networks, exclusions, limitations, availability, plan comparisons and insurance company ratings. A significant amount of both automated and manual effort is required to maintain the considerable amount of insurance plan information on our website. We also use the information provided on our website and otherwise collected by us to publish reports designed to educate consumers, facilitate public debate, and facilitate reform at the state and federal level. If the information we provide on our website, through our customer care centers, in our marketing materials or otherwise is not accurate or is construed as misleading, or if we do not properly assist individuals and businesses in purchasing health insurance, members, health insurance carriers and others could attempt to hold us liable for damages or require us to take corrective actions, our relationships with health insurance carriers could be terminated or impaired and regulators could attempt to subject us to penalties, force us to stop using our websites, marketing material or certain aspects of them, revoke our licenses to transact health insurance business in a particular jurisdiction, and/or compromise the status of our licenses to transact health insurance business in other jurisdictions, which could result in our loss of our commission revenue and harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

In the ordinary course of operating our business, we and our health insurance carrier partners have received complaints that the information we provided was not accurate or was misleading. We have received, and may in the future receive, inquiries from health insurance carriers, CMS or state departments of insurance regarding our marketing and business practices and compliance with laws and regulations. For example, some inquiries have focused on whether we provide sufficient disclosure for certain product types, such as short-term health insurance. These types of inquiries and associated claims could be time-consuming and expensive to defend, could divert our management’s attention and other resources, could impact our relationships with health insurance carriers and could cause a loss of confidence in our services. As a result, whether or not we are able to successfully resolve these claims, they could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our business could be harmed if we are unable to contact our consumers or market the availability of our products through specific channels.

We use email and telephone, among other channels, to market our services to potential members and as the primary means of communicating with our existing members. The laws and regulations governing the use of email and telephone calls for marketing purposes continue to evolve, and changes in technology, the marketplace or consumer preferences may lead to the adoption of additional laws or regulations or changes in interpretation of existing laws or regulations. If new laws or regulations are adopted, or existing laws and regulations are interpreted or enforced, to impose additional restrictions on our ability to send email or telephone messages to our members or potential members, we may not be able to communicate with them in a cost-effective manner. In addition to legal restrictions on the use of email, Internet service providers, email service providers and others attempt to block the


Table of Contents

transmission of unsolicited email, commonly known as “spam.” Many Internet and email service providers have relationships with organizations whose purpose it is to detect and notify the Internet and email service providers of entities that the organization believes is sending unsolicited email. If an Internet or email service provider identifies email from us as “spam” as a result of reports from these organizations or otherwise, we can be placed on a restricted list that will block our email to members or potential members.

We use telephones to communicate with customers and prospective customers, and some of these communications may be subject to the Telephone Consumer Protection Act ("TCPA") and other telemarketing laws. The TCPA and other laws, including state laws, relating to telemarketing restrict our ability to market using the telephone in certain respects. For instance, the TCPA prohibits us from using an automatic telephone dialing system or prerecorded or artificial voices to make certain telephone calls to consumers without prior express written consent. We have policies in place to comply with the TCPA and other telemarketing laws. However, we have been in the past, and may in the future become, subject to claims that we have violated the TCPA. The TCPA provides for statutory damages of $500 for each violation and $1,500 for each willful violation. In the event that we were found to have violated the TCPA, our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed. In addition, telephone carriers may block or put consumer warnings on calls originating from call centers. Consumers increasingly screen their incoming emails and telephone calls, including by using screening tools and warnings, and therefore our members or potential members may not reliably receive our emails or telephone messages, whether or not such messages constitute marketing. If we are unable to communicate effectively by email or telephone with our members and potential members as a result of legislation, legal or regulatory actions, blockage, screening technologies or otherwise, our business, operating results and financial condition would be harmed.

Risks Related to Finance, Accounting and Tax Matters

Our operating results will be impacted by factors that impact our estimate of the constrained LTV of commissions per approved member.

We recognize revenue for plans approved during the period by applying the latest estimated constrained LTVs for that product. Constrained LTVs are estimates and are based on a number of assumptions, which include, but are not limited to, estimates of the conversion rates of approved members into paying members, forecasted average plan duration and forecasted commissions we expect to receive per approved member's plan. These assumptions are based on historical trends and require significant judgment by our management in interpreting those trends and in applying the constraints. Changes in our historical trends will result in changes to our constrained LTV estimates in future periods and therefore could adversely affect our revenue and financial results in those future periods. As a result, negative changes in the factors upon which we estimate constrained LTVs, such as reduced conversion of approved members to paying members, increased health insurance plan terminations or a reduction in the lifetime commission amounts we expect to receive for selling the plan to a member or other changes could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. Changes in LTV may result in an increase or a decrease to revenue and a corresponding increase or decrease to commission receivables. In addition, if we ultimately receive commission payments that are less than the amount we estimated when we recognized commission revenue, we would need to write off the remaining commission receivable balance, which would adversely impact our business, operating results and financial condition.

The rate at which approved members become paying members is a significant factor in our estimation of constrained LTVs. To the extent we experience a decline in the rate at which approved members turn into our paying members, our business, operating results and financial condition would be harmed.

The forecasted average plan duration is another important factor in our estimation of constrained LTV. When a plan is canceled, or if we otherwise do not remain the agent on the policy, we no longer receive the related commission payment. Our forecasted average plan duration and health insurance plan termination rate are calculated based on our historical data by plan type. As a result, a reduction in our forecasted average plan duration or an inability to produce accurate forecasted average plan duration may adversely impact our business, operating results and financial condition.


Table of Contents

Commission rates are also a significant factor in our estimation of constrained LTVs. The commission rates we receive are impacted by a variety of factors, including the particular health insurance plans chosen by our members, the carriers offering those plans, our members’ states of residence, the laws and regulations in those jurisdictions, the average premiums of plans purchased through us and health care reform. Our commission revenue per member has in the past decreased, and could in the future decrease, as a result of reductions in contractual commission rates, a change in the mix of carriers whose products we sell during a given period, and increased health insurance plan termination rates, all of which are beyond our control and may occur on short notice. To the extent these and other factors cause our commission revenue per member to decline, our revenue may decline and our business, operating results and financial condition would be harmed. Given that Medicare-related and individual and family health insurance purchasing is concentrated during enrollment periods, we may experience a shift in the mix of Medicare-related and individual and family health insurance products selected by our members over a short period of time. Any reduction in our average commission revenue per member caused by such a shift or otherwise would harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

The determination of constraints is also a factor that requires significant management judgment. Constraints are applied to LTVs for revenue recognition purposes and help ensure that the total estimated lifetime commissions expected to be collected from an approved member's plan are recognized as revenue only to the extent that is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with future commissions receivable from the plan is subsequently resolved. We determine the constraint for each product by comparing prior calculations of LTV to actual cash received and review the reasons for any variations. We then apply judgment in assessing whether the difference between historical cash collections and LTV is representative of differences that can be expected in future periods. We also analyze whether circumstances have changed and consider any known or potential modifications to the inputs into LTV in light of the factors that can impact the amount of cash expected to be collected in future periods including but not limited to commission rates, carrier mix, plan duration, changes in laws and regulations and cancellations of insurance plans offered by health insurance carriers with which we have a relationship. We evaluate the appropriateness of our constraints on an ongoing basis, and we update our assumptions when we observe a sufficient amount of evidence that would suggest that the long-term expectation underlying the assumptions has changed. If we underestimate the initial constraint applied to LTVs, we might be required to increase the constraint or record an impairment in a future period which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our agreements with our lender and convertible preferred stock investors contain restrictions that impact our business and expose us to risks that could materially adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition.

On February 28, 2022, we entered into a term loan credit agreement with Blue Torch Finance LLC, as administrative agent and collateral agent, and other lenders party thereto, which was amended on August 16, 2022 (as amended, the "Credit Agreement"). The Credit Agreement provides us with $70 million in term loans. In connection with entering into the Credit Agreement, we terminated our credit agreement with Royal Bank of Canada and other lenders that provided us with an up to $75 million revolving credit facility. The Credit Agreement contains certain mandatory prepayment triggers and imposes certain covenants and restrictions on our business and our ability to obtain additional financing.

The Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative covenants, including covenants regarding the payment of taxes and other obligations, maintenance of insurance, reporting requirements and compliance with applicable laws and regulations. The Credit Agreement also contains restrictions that limit our ability to, among other things, incur debt, grant liens, make certain restricted payments, make fundamental changes, sell assets, transact with affiliates, enter into burdensome agreements, prepay certain indebtedness or modify our organizational documents, in each case, subject to certain exceptions. Further, the Credit Agreement contains financial covenants requiring us to (x) maintain a minimum level of liquidity as of the end of each month and (y) maintain a ratio such that the outstanding amount of obligations under the Term Loan Credit Agreement at the end of any month does not exceed 50% of the value of certain commissions receivable as of the end of such month. The events of default under the Credit Agreement include, among other things and subject to grace periods in certain instances, payment defaults, cross defaults with certain other material indebtedness, breaches of covenants or representations and warranties, changes in control of our company, certain bankruptcy and insolvency events with respect to us and our


Table of Contents

subsidiaries, a restriction on all or a material portion of our business and the indictment of us or any subsidiary (or any senior officer thereof), or criminal proceedings against the same, which could result in a forfeiture of a material portion of our and our subsidiaries properties.

If we experience a decline in cash flow due to any of the factors described in this Risk Factors section or otherwise, we could have difficulty paying interest and principal amounts due on our indebtedness and meeting the financial covenants set forth in our Credit Agreement. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow or otherwise obtain the funds necessary to make required payments under the Credit Agreement, or if we fail to comply with the requirements of our indebtedness, we could default under our Credit Agreement. Any default that is not waived could result in the acceleration of the obligations under the Credit Agreement, an increase in the applicable interest rate under the credit facility, and would permit our lender to exercise rights and remedies with respect to all of the collateral that is securing the Credit Agreement, which includes substantially all of our assets. Any such default could materially adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition.

On February 17, 2021, we entered into an investment agreement with Echelon Health SPV, LP ("H.I.G."), pursuant to which H.I.G. purchased 2.25 million of Series A preferred stock for an aggregate price of $225 million. The investment agreement with H.I.G. could also limit our ability to obtain additional financing or increase our borrowing costs, which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition. As of the date of this report, pursuant to the terms of our investment agreement with H.I.G., we must obtain the consent of H.I.G. in order to incur any indebtedness, which could limit our ability to obtain additional financing, until our adjusted EBITDA for the trailing four quarters increases.

Even if we comply with all of the applicable covenants, the restrictions on the conduct of our business imposed by our lender or H.I.G. could materially adversely affect our business by, among other things, limiting our ability to take advantage of financings, mergers, acquisitions and other corporate opportunities that may be beneficial to the business. Even if the Credit Agreement were terminated, additional debt we could incur in the future may subject us to similar or additional covenants, which could place restrictions on the operation of our business. Similarly, our investment or financing arrangement with any future investors may subject us to similar or additional covenants.

Operating and growing our business is likely to require additional capital, and if capital is not available to us, our business, operating results and financial condition may suffer.

Operating and growing our business is expected to require further investments in our business. We have generated negative cash from operating activities and may continue to generate negative cash from operating activities in the future. We may from time to time seek to raise additional capital through debt and/or equity financing to pursue strategic initiatives or make investments in our business. If we seek to raise funds through debt or equity financing, those funds may prove to be unavailable, may only be available on terms that are not acceptable to us or may result in significant dilution to our stockholders or higher levels of leverage. Our Credit Agreement and our investment agreement with H.I.G. contain restrictions that limit our ability to incur additional indebtedness, issue certain types of equity securities with rights and preferences senior to or pari passu with our Series A preferred stock, make certain types of investments or obtain additional financing. Pursuant to the terms of our investment agreement with H.I.G., we must obtain the consent of H.I.G. in order to incur any indebtedness, which could limit our ability to obtain additional financing until our adjusted EBITDA for the trailing four quarters increases. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us when we require it, our ability to continue to pursue our business objectives and to respond to business opportunities or challenges could be harmed, and our business, operating results and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

If we fail to maintain proper and effective internal controls, our ability to produce accurate financial statements could be impaired, which could adversely affect our operating results, our ability to operate our business and our stock price.

We have a complex business organization. Ensuring that we have adequate internal financial and accounting controls and procedures in place to help ensure that we can produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis is a costly and time-consuming effort that needs to be re-evaluated frequently and is complicated by the


Table of Contents

expansion of our business operations and changing accounting requirements. Our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, does not expect that our internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors or all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. Over time, controls may become inadequate because changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may occur. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected. We cannot assure that significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting will not be identified in the future. Any failure to maintain or implement required new or improved controls, or any difficulties we encounter in their implementation, could result in significant deficiencies or material weaknesses, cause us to fail to timely meet our periodic reporting obligations or result in material misstatements in our financial statements. Any such failure could also adversely affect the results of periodic management evaluations and annual auditor attestation reports regarding disclosure controls and the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting required under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules promulgated thereunder. The existence of a material weakness could result in errors in our financial statements that could result in a restatement of financial statements, cause us to fail to timely meet our reporting obligations and cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, leading to a decline in our stock price and potential lawsuits against us.

Changes in our provision for income taxes or adverse outcomes resulting from examination of our income or other tax returns or changes in tax legislation could adversely affect our results.

Our provision for income taxes is subject to volatility and could be adversely affected by earnings differing materially from our projections, changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, tax effects of stock-based compensation, or adverse outcomes as a result of tax examinations or by changes in tax laws, regulations, accounting principles, including accounting for uncertain tax positions, or interpretations thereof. To the extent that our provision for income taxes is subject to volatility or adverse outcomes as a result of tax examinations, our operating results could be harmed. Significant judgment is required to determine the recognition and measurement attribute prescribed in U.S. generally accepted accounting principles relating to accounting for income taxes. In addition, we are subject to examinations of our income tax returns by the Internal Revenue Service and other tax authorities. We assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes. There may be exposure that the outcomes from these examinations will have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.

Our ability to use net operating losses to offset future taxable income may be subject to certain limitations.

We have net operating loss carryforwards for federal and state income tax purposes to offset future taxable income. Our federal and state net operating loss carryforwards begin expiring in 2034 and 2023, respectively. A lack of future taxable income would adversely affect our ability to utilize these net operating loss carryforwards. In addition, utilization of the net operating loss carryforwards may be subject to a substantial annual limitation due to ownership changes that may have occurred or that could occur in the future, as required by Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), and similar state provisions. These ownership change limitations may limit the amount of net operating loss carryforwards and other tax attributes that can be utilized annually to offset future taxable income and tax, respectively. In general, an “ownership change” as defined by Section 382 of the Code results from a transaction or series of transactions over a three-year period resulting in an ownership change of more than 50 percentage points (by value) of the outstanding stock of a company by certain stockholders. Our ability to use the remaining net operating loss carryforwards may be further limited if we experience a Section 382 ownership change as a result of future changes in our stock ownership.


Table of Contents

Risks Related to Our Technology

If we fail to properly maintain existing or implement new information systems, our business may be materially adversely affected.

The performance, reliability and availability of our ecommerce platform, cloud contact center and underlying network infrastructures are critical to our financial results, brand and relationship with members, marketing partners and health insurance carriers. Although we regularly attempt to enhance our platforms and system infrastructure, system failures and interruptions may occur if we are unable to accurately project the rate or timing of increases in our website or call center traffic or for other reasons, some of which are completely outside our control. We could experience significant failures and interruptions, which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition. If these failures or interruptions occurred during the Medicare annual enrollment period, the Medicare Advantage open enrollment period or during the open enrollment period under health care reform, the negative impact on us would be particularly pronounced.

We rely in part upon third-party vendors, including cloud infrastructure and bandwidth providers, to operate our ecommerce platform and customer care center. Consumers using our website and accessing our services depend upon Internet, online and other service providers for access to our website and services. Our remote employees rely on third-party service providers to access our systems and other agent productivity tools. We cannot predict whether additional network capacity will be available from these vendors as we need it, and our network or our suppliers’ networks might be unable to achieve or maintain a sufficiently high capacity of data transmission. Any significant interruption in access to our call centers or our website or increase in our website’s response time as a result of these difficulties could impair our revenue-generating capabilities, damage our reputation and our relationship with insurance carriers, marketing partners and existing and potential members, and harm our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, any loss of data could result in loss of customers and subject us to potential liability. Our business operations may also be disrupted if our employees are unable to work from home effectively as a result of technical difficulties experienced by these service providers. Many of these service providers have experienced significant outages, delays and other difficulties in the past and could experience them in the future. If these third parties experience difficulty providing the services we require or meeting our standards for those services, it could make it difficult for us to operate some aspects of our business. Our and our vendors' facilities, database and systems are vulnerable to damage or interruption from human error, fire, floods, earthquakes and other natural disasters, power loss, telecommunications failures, physical or electronic break-ins, computer viruses, cyberattacks, acts of terrorism, other attempts to harm our systems and similar events.

In particular, our customer care center operations' success depends on maintenance of functioning information technology systems. CMS rules require that our health insurance agent employees utilize CMS-approved scripts in connection with the sale of Medicare plans and that we record and maintain the recording of telephonic interactions relating to the sale of Medicare plans. We rely on telephone, call recording, customer relationship management and other systems and technology in our customer care center operations, and we are dependent upon third parties for some of them, including our telephone and call recording systems. These systems have failed temporarily in the past and may experience additional disruption due to systems upgrades, power outages, an increase in remote work or other events. The effectiveness and stability of our customer care center systems and technology are critical to our ability to sell health insurance plans, particularly during key times, such as the Medicare enrollment periods, and the failure or interruption of any of these systems and technology or any inability to handle increased volume would harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our business is subject to security risks and, if we experience a successful cyberattack, a security breach or are otherwise unable to safeguard the confidentiality and integrity of the data we hold, including sensitive personal information, our business will be harmed.

Maintaining the security of our products and services is a critical issue for us, our consumers and health insurance carriers that we work with. Despite our taking precautions, we cannot guarantee that our facilities and systems and those of our third-party service providers, will be free of security breaches, cyberattacks, acts of vandalism, computer viruses, malware, misplaced or lost data, programming and/or human errors or other similar events. We may be required to expend significant amounts and other resources to protect against security breaches or to mitigate and remediate problems caused by security breaches. Techniques used to obtain unauthorized


Table of Contents

access or to sabotage systems change frequently. For example, attackers have used artificial intelligence and machine learning to launch more automated, targeted and coordinated attacks against targets. As a result, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures preemptively. Additionally, our third-party service providers may cause security breaches for which we are responsible.

Any compromise or perceived compromise of our security or the security of one of our vendors could damage our reputation, cause the termination of relationships with government-run health insurance exchanges and our members, marketing partners and health insurance carriers, reduce demand for our services and subject us to significant liability and expense as well as regulatory action and lawsuits, any of which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition. The attack surface available to criminals is increasing as more companies and individuals work remotely and otherwise work online. Consequently, the risk of a cybersecurity incident has increased. We cannot provide assurances that our preventative efforts, or those of our vendors or service providers, will be successful. These actual and potential breaches of our security measures and the accidental loss, inadvertent disclosure or unauthorized dissemination of proprietary information or sensitive, personal or confidential data about us, our employees, our customers or their end users, including the potential loss or disclosure of such information or data as a result of hacking, fraud, trickery or other forms of deception, could expose us, our employees, our customers or the individuals affected to a risk of loss or misuse of this information. This may result in litigation and liability or fines, our compliance with costly and time-intensive notice requirements, governmental inquiry or oversight or a loss of customer confidence, any of which could harm our business or damage our brand and reputation, thereby requiring time and resources to mitigate these impacts.

We may not be able to adequately protect our intellectual property, which could harm our business and operating results.

We believe that our intellectual property is an essential asset of our business and that our technology currently gives us a competitive advantage in the distribution of Medicare-related, individual and family and small business health insurance. We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws as well as confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions to establish and protect our intellectual property rights in the United States. The efforts we have taken to protect our intellectual property may not be sufficient or effective, and our trademarks or patents may be held invalid or unenforceable. Moreover, the law relating to intellectual property is not as developed in China, and our intellectual property rights may not be as respected in China as they are in the United States. We may not be effective in policing unauthorized use of our intellectual property, trade secrets and other confidential information, and even if we do detect violations, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights. Any enforcement efforts we undertake, including litigation, could be time-consuming and expensive, could divert our management’s attention and may result in a court determining that our intellectual property or other rights are unenforceable. If we are not successful in cost-effectively protecting our intellectual property rights, trade secrets and confidential information, our business, operating results and financial condition could be harmed.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock

Our future operating results are likely to fluctuate and could fall short of expectations, which could negatively affect the value of our common stock.

Our operating results are likely to fluctuate as a result of a variety of factors, including the factors described elsewhere in this Risk Factors section, many of which are outside of our control. For example and among these factors, the assumptions underlying our estimates of commission revenue as required by ASC 606 may vary significantly over time. As a result, comparing our operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful and you should not rely on our past results as an indication of our future performance, particularly in light of the fact that our business and industry are undergoing substantial change as a result of health care reform, competition, shifts in carrier and regulator priorities and initiatives we determine to pursue. If our revenue or operating results differ from our guidance or fall below the expectations of investors or securities analysts, the price of our common stock could decline substantially. In the past, when our revenue and operating results differed from our guidance and the expectations of investors or securities analysts, the price of our common stock was impacted.


Table of Contents

Our actual operating results may differ significantly from our guidance.

From time to time, we have released, and may continue to release guidance in earnings conference calls, earnings releases, or otherwise, regarding our future performance that represents our management's estimates as of the date of release. This guidance, which includes forward-looking statements, has been, and will be, based on projections prepared by our management. Guidance is necessarily speculative in nature, and it can be expected that some or all of the assumptions underlying the guidance furnished by us will not materialize or will vary significantly from actual results. Accordingly, our guidance is only an estimate of what management believes is realizable as of the date of release. Our actual results have, and may in the future, vary from our guidance and the variations may be material. In light of the foregoing, investors are urged not to rely upon our guidance in making an investment decision regarding our common stock.

Projections are based upon a number of assumptions and estimates that, while presented with numerical specificity, are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control and are based upon specific assumptions with respect to future business decisions, some of which will change. Among these factors, the assumptions underlying our estimates of commission revenue as required by ASC 606, may vary significantly over time. We may state possible outcomes as high and low ranges. Any range we provide is not intended to imply that actual results could not fall outside of the suggested ranges. Any failure to successfully implement our operating strategy or the occurrence of any of the events or circumstances set forth in this Risk Factors section could result in the actual operating results being different from our guidance, and the differences may be adverse and material. The principal reason that we release guidance is to provide a basis for our management to discuss our business outlook with analysts and investors and we may decide to suspend guidance at any time. We do not accept any responsibility for any projections or reports published by any such third parties.

The price of our common stock has been and may continue to be volatile, and the value of your investment could decline.

The trading price of our common stock has been volatile and is likely to continue to fluctuate substantially. The trading price of our common stock depends on a number of factors, including those described in this Risk Factors section, many of which are beyond our control and may not be related to our operating performance. These fluctuations could cause you to lose all or part of your investment in our common stock since you might be unable to sell your shares at or above the price you paid. Factors that could cause fluctuations in the trading price of our common stock include the following:

•price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market from time to time, including as a result of inflation, or political or geopolitical instability;

•volatility in the market prices and trading volumes of our competitors' shares, including high technology stocks, which have historically experienced high levels of volatility;

•any new debt and/or equity financing that we undertake to raise additional capital;

•new laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations applicable to our business, including developments relating to the health care industry and the marketing and sale of Medicare plans;

•actual or anticipated changes in our operating results or the growth rate of our business;

•changes in operating performance and stock market valuations of other technology or insurance brokerage companies generally and of our competitors;

•failure of securities analysts to maintain coverage of us, changes in financial estimates by any securities analysts who follow our company or our failure to meet these estimates or the expectations of investors;

•sales of shares of our common stock by us or our stockholders;

•announcements by us or our competitors of new products or services;

•the public reaction to our press releases, other public announcements and filings with the SEC;


Table of Contents

•rumors and market speculation involving us or other companies in our industry;

•negative publicity about us, including accurate and inaccurate third-party commentary or reports regarding us;

•actual or anticipated developments in our business, our competitors' businesses or the competitive landscape generally;

•our ability to control costs, including our operating expenses;

•litigation involving us, our industry or both, or investigations by regulators into our operations or those of our competitors;

•developments or disputes concerning our intellectual property or other proprietary rights;

•announced or completed acquisitions of businesses or technologies by us or our competitors;

•changes in accounting standards, policies, guidelines, interpretations, or principles;

•any significant change in our management;

•adverse events or perceptions affecting the U.S. or international financial systems; and

•general economic conditions, political instability and slow or negative growth of our markets.

The effect of such factors on the trading market for our stock may be enhanced by the lack of a large and established trading market for our stock. In addition, the stock market in general, and the market for technology companies in particular, have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. Broad market and industry factors may seriously affect the market price of our common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. Additionally, as a public company, we face the risk of shareholder lawsuits, particularly if we experience declines in the price of our common stock. In the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the market prices of a particular company's securities, securities class action lawsuits have often been instituted against affected companies. We have been, and may in the future be, subject to such legal actions.

The value of our investments is subject to significant capital markets risk related to changes in interest rates and credit spreads as well as other investment risks, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our financial condition and operating results are affected by the performance of our investment portfolio. Our excess cash is invested by an external investment management service provider, under the direction of our management in accordance with our investment policy. The investment policy defines constraints and guidelines that restrict the asset classes that we may invest in by type, duration, quality and value. Our investments are subject to market-wide risks, and fluctuations, as well as to risks inherent in particular securities. The failure of any of the investment risk strategies that we employ could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

The value of our investments is exposed to capital market risks, and our results of operations, liquidity, financial condition or cash flows could be adversely affected by realized losses, impairments and changes in unrealized positions as a result of: significant market volatility, changes in interest rates, changes in credit spreads and defaults, a lack of pricing transparency, a reduction in market liquidity, declines in equity prices, changes in national, state/provincial or local laws and the strengthening or weakening of foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar. Levels of write-down or impairment are impacted by our assessment of the intent to sell securities that have declined in value as well as actual losses as a result of defaults or deterioration in estimates of cash flows. If we reposition or realign portions of the investment portfolio and sell securities in an unrealized loss position, we will incur an other-than-temporary impairment charge or realized losses. Any such charge may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.


Table of Contents

The issuance of shares of common stock underlying our convertible preferred stock would dilute the ownership and relative voting power of holders of our common stock and may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

The Series A preferred stock is convertible at the option of the holders at any time into shares of common stock based on the then applicable conversion rate as determined in the certificate of designations for the Series A preferred stock, which conversion would dilute the ownership interest of existing holders of our common stock. In addition, because holders of our Series A preferred stock are entitled to vote, on an as-converted basis (subject to certain voting limitations and conversion calculations set forth in the certificate of designations for the Series A preferred stock), together with holders of our common stock on all matters submitted to a vote of the holders of our common stock, the issuance of the Series A preferred stock effectively reduces the relative voting power of the holders of our common stock.

Any sales in the public market of the common stock issuable upon conversion of the Series A preferred stock could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our common stock. Pursuant to the investment agreement, holders of our Series A preferred stock have customary resale registration rights for common stock issued upon conversion of the Series A preferred stock upon closing. Any resale of our common stock would increase the number of shares of our common stock available for public trading. Sales by our Series A preferred stockholder of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales might occur, could have a material adverse effect on the price of our common stock.

Our convertible preferred stock investors have rights, preferences and privileges that are not held by, and are preferential to, the rights of our common stockholders, which could adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition, result in the interests of our convertible preferred stock investors differing from those of our common stockholders and make an acquisition of us more difficult.

Holders of our Series A preferred stock have (i) a liquidation preference (ii) rights to dividends, which are senior to all of our other equity securities, (iii) redemption rights beginning on April 30, 2027, (iv) the right to require us to repurchase any or all of their Series A preferred stock in connection with certain change of control events, and (v) conversion price adjustments in connection with certain corporate transactions, each subject to the terms, conditions and exceptions contained in the certificate of designations for the Series A preferred stock.

These dividend and share repurchase and redemption obligations could impact our liquidity and reduce the amount of cash flows available for working capital, capital expenditures, growth opportunities, acquisitions, and other general corporate purposes.

The terms of our investment agreement with H.I.G., the initial purchaser of our Series A preferred stock, could also limit our ability to obtain additional financing or increase our borrowing costs, which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition. As of the date of this report, pursuant to the terms of our investment agreement with H.I.G., we must obtain the consent of H.I.G. in order to incur any indebtedness, which could limit our ability to obtain additional financing until our adjusted EBITDA for the trailing four quarters increases. The preferential rights could also result in divergent interests between H.I.G. and holders of our common stock. Furthermore, a sale of our company, as a change of control event, may require us to repurchase Series A preferred stock, which could have the effect of making an acquisition of our company more expensive and potentially deterring proposed transactions that may otherwise be beneficial to our stockholders.

Our convertible preferred stock investors may exercise influence over us, including through its ability to designate up to two directors on our Board of Directors.

Our investment agreement with H.I.G. contains certain negative operating covenants that will remain in effect for so long as H.I.G. continues to own at least 30% of the shares of Series A preferred stock originally issued to it. Further, the investment agreement entitles H.I.G. to nominate one individual for election to our Board of Directors for so long as it continues to own at least 30% of the common stock issuable or issued upon conversion of the Series A preferred stock originally issued to it. The director designated by H.I.G. will also be entitled to serve on committees of our Board of Directors, subject to applicable law and stock exchange rules. Notwithstanding the fact


Table of Contents

that all directors will be subject to fiduciary duties to us and to applicable law, the interests of the director designated by H.I.G. of our Series A preferred stock may differ from the interests of our security holders as a whole or of our other directors. H.I.G. nominated Aaron C. Tolson to our Board of Directors. Mr. Tolson was appointed to our Board of Directors as a Class I director on August 30, 2021, and as of the date of this report serves as the chairperson of the compensation committee and as a member of the equity incentive committee, nominating and corporate governance committee and government and regulatory affairs committee of the Board of Directors. In addition, if we fail to maintain certain levels of commissions receivable and liquidity, H.I.G. will be entitled to nominate one additional director, and the consent of H.I.G. will be required to approve our annual budget, hire or terminate certain key executives and incur certain indebtedness as outlined in the investment agreement.

Anti-takeover provisions contained in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as well as provisions of Delaware law, could impair a takeover attempt.

Our certificate of incorporation, bylaws, and Delaware law contain provisions which could have the effect of rendering more difficult, delaying, or preventing an acquisition deemed undesirable by our Board of Directors. Our corporate governance documents include provisions:

•creating a classified Board of Directors whose members serve staggered three-year terms;

•authorizing undesignated preferred stock, which could be issued by our Board of Directors without stockholder approval and may contain voting, liquidation, dividend, and other rights superior to our common stock;

•limiting the liability of, and providing indemnification to, our directors and officers;

•limiting the ability of our stockholders to call and bring business before special meetings;

•requiring advance notice of stockholder proposals for business to be conducted at meetings of our stockholders and for nominations of candidates for election to our Board of Directors;

•controlling the procedures for the conduct and scheduling of Board of Directors and stockholder meetings; and

•providing our Board of Directors with the express power to postpone previously scheduled annual meetings and to cancel previously scheduled special meetings.

These provisions, alone or together, could delay or prevent hostile takeovers and changes in control or changes in our management.

As a Delaware corporation, we are also subject to provisions of Delaware law, including Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation law, which prevents some stockholders holding more than 15% of our outstanding common stock from engaging in certain business combinations without approval of the holders of substantially all of our outstanding common stock.

Any provision of our certificate of incorporation, bylaws or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our common stock and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our common stock.

Our bylaws designate a state or federal court located within the State of Delaware as the exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders and also provide that the federal district courts will be the exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, each of which could limit our stockholders’ ability to choose the judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, stockholders or employees.

Our bylaws provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the sole and exclusive forum for (1) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (2) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, stockholders, officers or other employees to us or our stockholders, (3) any action arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, our


Table of Contents

certificate of incorporation or our bylaws or (4) any other action asserting a claim that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine shall be the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, if the Court of Chancery does not have jurisdiction, another State court in Delaware or the federal district court for the District of Delaware), except for any claim as to which such court determines that there is an indispensable party not subject to the jurisdiction of such court (and the indispensable party does not consent to the personal jurisdiction of such court within ten days following such determination), which is vested in the exclusive jurisdiction of a court or forum other than such court or for which such court does not have subject matter jurisdiction. This provision would not apply to any action brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder.

Section 22 of the Securities Act establishes concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over Securities Act claims. Accordingly, both state and federal courts have jurisdiction to hear such claims. To prevent having to litigate claims in multiple jurisdictions and the threat of inconsistent or contrary rulings by different courts, among other considerations, our bylaws also provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States will be the sole and exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act and against any person in connection with an offering of our securities.

Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring or holding or owning (or continuing to hold or own) any interest in any of our securities shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the foregoing bylaw provisions. Although we believe these exclusive forum provisions benefit us by providing increased consistency in the application of Delaware law and federal securities laws in the types of lawsuits to which each applies, the exclusive forum provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum of its choosing for disputes with us or our current or former directors, officers, stockholders or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our current and former directors, officers, stockholders and other employees. Our stockholders will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder as a result of our exclusive forum provisions.

Further, the enforceability of similar exclusive forum provisions in other companies’ organizational documents have been challenged in legal proceedings, and it is possible that a court of law could rule that these types of provisions are inapplicable or unenforceable if they are challenged in a proceeding or otherwise. If a court were to find either exclusive forum provision contained in our bylaws to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur significant additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, all of which could harm our results of operations.

General Risk Factors

We are subject to risks associated with public health crises, pandemics, natural disasters, changing climate conditions and other extreme events, including legal, regulatory and social responses thereto, which have and could have an adverse effect on our business.

Large-scale medical emergencies, pandemics (such as COVID-19) and other extreme events could result in public health crises or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business operations, cash flows, financial condition and results of operations. For example, disruptions in public and private infrastructure resulting from such events could increase our operating costs and ability to provide services to our clients and customers. Additionally, we had to adjust our operations in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Global climate change has added, and will continue to add, to the unpredictability, frequency and severity of natural disasters, including but not limited to hurricanes, tornadoes, freezes, droughts, other storms and fires in certain parts of the world. In response, a number of legal and regulatory measures and social initiatives have been introduced in an effort to reduce greenhouse gas and other carbon emissions that are chief contributors to global climate change. We cannot predict the impact that changing climate conditions will have on our business, though extreme weather events could impact our facilities, technological assets, business continuity and reputation. The legal, regulatory and social responses to climate change could also adversely affect our results of business, operating results and financial condition.


Table of Contents

We face risks related to heightened inflation, recession, financial and credit market disruptions and other economic conditions.

Customer and consumer demand for health insurance plans may be impacted by weak economic conditions, recession, market volatility or other negative economic factors in the United States or other nations. For example, in 2022, the United States experienced significantly heightened inflationary pressures which we expect to continue into 2023. Some of our members may delay signing up for an insurance plan or opt into a plan with lower insurance premiums as a result of such negative economic factors, and we may also experience potential delays in customer premium payments or an increase in plan termination rates, any of which could harm our business. In addition, limited liquidity, defaults, non-performance or other adverse developments affecting financial institutions, or perceptions regarding these or similar risks, have in the past and may in the future lead to market-wide liquidity problems, and such adverse developments may impact parties with which we do business and their liquidity. These macroeconomic factors could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. For example, the recent closures of Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”), Signature Bank and First Republic Bank have resulted in broader financial institution liquidity risk and concerns. Although we were able to access all of the funds we had on deposit with SVB, the failure of any bank in which we deposit our funds could reduce the amount of cash we have available for our operations or delay our ability to access such funds.

We continue to assess our banking relationships as we believe necessary or appropriate; however, disruptions in financial institutions, credit markets and/or the broader financial services industry may lead to market-wide liquidity shortages, may limit our access to preferred sources of liquidity when needed or on terms we find acceptable, and our borrowing costs could increase. An economic or credit crisis could occur and impair credit availability and our ability to raise capital when needed.


Table of Contents

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

(a) Exhibits

Except as so indicated in Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2, the following exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Exhibit
Number

Incorporation by Reference Herein

Description of Exhibit

Form

Date

31.1

†

Certification of Francis Soistman, Chief Executive Officer of eHealth, Inc., pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2

†

Certification of John Stelben , Chief Financial Officer of eHealth, Inc., pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1

‡

Certification of Francis Soistman, Chief Executive Officer of eHealth, Inc., pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2

‡

Certification of John Stelben , Chief Financial Officer of eHealth, Inc., pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS

†

XBRL Instance Document - The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document

101.SCH

†

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL

†

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF

†

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB

†

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE

†

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104

The cover page from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2023, formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101

† Filed herewith.

‡ Furnished herewith.

* Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.


Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


		EHEALTH, INC.
Date:	May 9, 2023	/s/ Francis Soistman
		Francis Soistman Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Date:	May 9, 2023	/s/ John Stelben
		John Stelben Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

Positive
Negative
Uncertain
Constraining
Legalese
Litigous
Readability	H.S. senior Avg

eHealth (EHTH) 10-Q2023 Q1 Quarterly report

Content analysis