Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2020 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant estimates and judgments relied upon by management in preparing these consolidated financial statements include revenue recognition, provision for doubtful accounts, reserves for excess and obsolete inventory, valuation of inventory and deferred inventory costs, the expensing and capitalization of software-related research and development costs, amortization and depreciation periods, the recoverability of net deferred tax assets, valuations of uncertain tax positions, warranty allowances, the valuation of equity instruments and stock-based compensation expense. Although the Company regularly reassesses the assumptions underlying these estimates, actual results could differ materially from these estimates. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances existing at the time such estimates are made . The emergence of COVID-19 around the world, and particularly in the United States and China, presents various risks to the Company, not all of which the Company is able to fully evaluate or even to foresee at the current time, and could have a material effect upon the estimates and judgments relied upon by management in preparing these consolidated financial statements. While the COVID-19 pandemic did not significantly adversely affect the Company’s financial results and business operations in the year ended December 31, 2020, economic and health conditions in the United States and across most of the globe changed rapidly during the year, and are continuing to change after the end of the year. Globally, all aspects of the Company’s business remain fully operational. However, increasing demand for certain of the Company’s products has increased pressure on its supply chain which could impact continued availability of inventory requirements. The Company will continue to monitor its business very closely for any effects of COVID-19 for as long as necessary on an ongoing basis. |
Subsequent Event Considerations | Subsequent Event Considerations The Company considers events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date but prior to the issuance of the financial statements to provide additional evidence for certain estimates or to identify matters that require additional disclosure. Subsequent events have been evaluated as required. The Company has evaluated all subsequent events and determined that there are no material recognized or unrecognized subsequent events requiring disclosure in these consolidated financial statements. |
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash | Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Cash and cash equivalents include all highly liquid investments maturing within three months from the date of purchase. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company’s cash and cash equivalents consisted of investments in certificates of deposit and money market mutual funds. Restricted cash, which was included in other assets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, consisted of a certificate of deposit of $1,006 and $1,019, respectively, in each period pledged as collateral for a stand-by letter of credit required to support a contractual obligation. The following table is a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash included in the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows. December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Cash and cash equivalents $ 157,455 $ 113,638 Restricted cash included in other assets 1,006 1,019 $ 158,461 $ 114,657 |
Accounts Receivable | Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable are presented net of a provision for doubtful accounts, which is an estimate of amounts that may not be collectible. Accounts receivable for arrangements with customary payment terms, which are one year or less, are recorded at invoiced amounts and do not bear interest. The Company generally does not require collateral, but may, in certain instances based on its credit assessment, require full or partial prepayment prior to shipment. The Company may, in limited circumstances, grant payment terms longer than one year. Payments due beyond 12 months from the balance sheet date are recorded as non-current assets. Accounts receivable as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 consisted of the following: December 31, 2020 2019 Current portion of accounts receivable, net: Accounts receivable, net $ 93,480 $ 91,273 Accounts receivable, extended payment arrangements 644 1,827 94,124 93,100 Accounts receivable, net of current portion: Accounts receivable, extended payment arrangements 143 575 $ 94,267 $ 93,675 The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and, if necessary, provides a provision for doubtful accounts and expected losses. When assessing and recording its provision for doubtful accounts, the Company evaluates the age of its accounts receivable, current economic trends, creditworthiness of customers, customer payment history, and other specific customer and transaction information. The Company writes off accounts receivable against the provision when it determines a balance is uncollectible and no longer actively pursues collection of the receivable. Adjustments to the provision for doubtful accounts are recorded as selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). A summary of changes in the provision for doubtful accounts for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 is as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 2018 Provision for doubtful accounts at beginning of year $ 20 $ 410 $ 692 Provisions and recoveries 38 560 — Write-offs — (950 ) (282 ) Provision for doubtful accounts at end of year $ 58 $ 20 $ 410 As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company concluded that all amounts due under extended payment term arrangements were collectible and no reserve for credit losses was recorded. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company did not provide a reserve for credit losses and did not write off any uncollectible receivables due under extended payment term arrangements. |
Inventories | Inventories The Company values inventories at the lower of cost or market value. The Company computes cost using the first-in first-out convention. Inventories are composed of hardware and related component parts of finished goods. The Company establishes provisions for excess and obsolete inventories after evaluating historical sales, future demand, market conditions, expected product life cycles, and current inventory levels to reduce such inventories to their estimated net realizable value. The Company makes such provisions in the normal course of business and charges them to cost of revenue in its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The Company includes deferred inventory costs within inventory in its consolidated balance sheets. Deferred inventory costs represent the cost of products that have been delivered to the customer for which revenue associated with the arrangement has been deferred as a result of not meeting all of the required revenue recognition criteria, such as receipt of customer acceptance. The Company recognizes deferred inventory costs as cost of revenue in its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) when the related revenue is recognized. |
Property and Equipment | Property and Equipment The Company states property and equipment at historical cost less accumulated depreciation. The Company computes depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The Company records leasehold improvements at cost with any reimbursement from the landlord being accounted for as deferred rent, which is amortized using the straight-line method over the lease term. The Company also includes costs for trial systems held and used by its customers pursuant to evaluation agreements within property and equipment. The Company depreciates trial systems held and used by its customers over the estimated useful life of such assets, which is two years. Whenever a trial system is sold to a customer and the selling price is recorded as revenue, the Company removes the related net book value of the trial system sold from property and equipment and records it as a cost of revenue. The Company expenses maintenance and repairs expenditures as incurred. Estimated useful lives of the respective property and equipment assets are as follows: Estimated Useful Life Computers and purchased software 3 – 4 years Leasehold improvements Shorter of lease term or 7 years Furniture and fixtures 6 – 8 years Machinery and equipment 3 – 5 years Building 40 years Building improvements 5 – 40 years Trial systems at customers’ sites 2 years Upon retirement or sale, the Company removes the cost of assets disposed of and the related accumulated depreciation from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in income (loss) from operations. |
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets | Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company evaluates its long-lived assets, which consist primarily of property and equipment and intangible assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Factors that the Company considers in deciding when to perform an impairment review include significant underperformance of the business in relation to expectations, significant negative industry or economic trends and significant changes or planned changes in the use of the assets. The Company measures recoverability of assets to be held and used by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the Company measures the impairment to be recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset, less the cost to sell. No events or changes in circumstances existed to require an impairment assessment during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018. |
Deferred Offering Costs | Deferred Offering Costs The Company paid deferred offering costs of $1,148 during the year ended December 31, 2018. No deferred offering costs were paid during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. |
Concentration of Risks | Concentration of Risks Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. Cash and cash equivalents consist of demand deposits, savings accounts, commercial paper, money market mutual funds, and certificates of deposit with financial institutions, which may exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limits. The Company has not experienced any losses related to its cash and cash equivalents and does not believe that it is subject to unusual credit risk beyond the normal credit risk associated with commercial banking relationships. We grant credit to customers in the ordinary course of business. Credit evaluations are performed on an ongoing basis to reduce credit risk, and no collateral is required from our customers. An allowance for uncollectible accounts is provided for those accounts receivable considered to be uncollectible based upon historical experience and credit evaluation. Due to these factors, no additional losses beyond the amounts provided for collection losses is believed by management to be probable in the Company’s accounts receivable. Significant customers are those that represent 10% or more of revenue or accounts receivable and are set forth in the following tables: Revenue Accounts Receivable, Net Year Ended December 31, December 31, 2020 2019 2018 2020 2019 Customer A * 14 % 27 % * 11 % Customer B * * 11 % * * Customer C * * 12 % * 14 % Customer D * * 14 % * * Customer E * * * * 19 % Customer F 20 % 12 % * * * Customer G 11 % * * 14 % * * Less than 10% of total Customer B was a related party until October 19, 2018, Liberty Global Affiliates (see Note 17). Certain of the components and subassemblies included in the Company’s products are obtained from a single source or a limited group of suppliers. Although the Company seeks to reduce dependence on those limited sources of suppliers and manufacturers, the partial or complete loss of certain of these sources could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s operating results, financial condition and cash flows and damage its customer relationships. |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets | Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess purchase price over the estimated fair value of net assets acquired as of the acquisition date. Goodwill has been recorded in connection with the acquisition of NetComm on July 1, 2019 (refer to Note 3). The Company tests goodwill for impairment on an annual basis and between annual tests when impairment indicators are identified, and goodwill is written down when impaired. The Company performs its annual goodwill impairment test during its fourth quarter. For its annual goodwill impairment test, the Company operates under one reporting unit and the fair value of its reporting unit has been determined based on the Company’s enterprise value. As part of the annual goodwill impairment test, the Company has the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether further impairment testing is necessary. Examples of events and circumstances that might indicate that the reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount include macro-economic conditions such as deterioration in the entity’s operating environment or industry or market considerations; entity-specific events such as increasing costs, declining financial performance, or loss of key personnel; or other events such as a sustained decrease in the stock price on either an absolute basis or relative to peers. If, as a result of its qualitative assessment, it is more likely than not (i.e., greater than 50% chance) that the fair value of the Company’s reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the quantitative impairment test will be required. Otherwise, no further testing will be required. The Company completed its qualitative assessment and concluded that as of December 31, 2020, it is not more likely than not that the fair value of the Company’s reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. The Company amortizes its acquired intangible assets subject to amortization using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, ranging from 3 to 10 years. Purchased software licenses are classified as intangible assets and are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, typically ranging from 3 to 4 years. The Company evaluates the recoverability of intangible assets periodically by taking into account events or circumstances that may warrant revised estimates of useful lives or that indicate the asset may be impaired. The Company considered potential impairment indicators of acquired intangible assets at December 31, 2020 and noted no indicators of impairment. |
Product Warranties | Product Warranties Substantially all of the Company’s products are covered by a warranty for software and hardware for periods ranging from 90 days to one year. In addition, in conjunction with customers’ renewals of maintenance and support contracts, the Company offers an extended warranty for periods typically of one to three years for agreed-upon fees. In the event of a failure of a hardware product or software covered by these warranties, the Company must repair or replace the software or hardware or, if those remedies are insufficient, and at the discretion of the Company, provide a refund. The Company’s warranty reserve, which is included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets, reflects estimated material, labor and other costs related to potential or actual software and hardware warranty claims for which the Company expects to incur an obligation. The Company’s estimates of anticipated rates of warranty claims and the costs associated therewith are primarily based on historical information and future forecasts. The Company periodically assesses the adequacy of the warranty reserve and adjusts the amount as necessary. If the historical data used to calculate the adequacy of the warranty reserve are not indicative of future requirements, additional or reduced warranty reserves may be required. A summary of changes in the amount reserved for warranty costs for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 is as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2020 2019 2018 Warranty reserve at beginning of year $ 2,448 $ 926 $ 1,246 Provisions 2,745 3,603 1,886 Acquired warranty reserve — 1,867 — Charges (2,839 ) (3,948 ) (2,206 ) Warranty reserve at end of year $ 2,354 $ 2,448 $ 926 The increase in the warranty charges and reserve for the year ended December 31, 2019 is primarily due to warranty obligations obtained with the acquisition of NetComm on July 1, 2019. |
Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”) using the modified retrospective transition method. This method was applied to contracts that were not complete as of the date of initial application. The following is a summary of new and/or revised significant accounting policies affected by the Company’s adoption of ASC 606, which relate primarily to revenue and cost recognition. Refer to Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 for the policies in effect for revenue and cost recognition prior to January 1, 2019. The Company generates revenue from sales of its products, along with associated maintenance, support and extended hardware warranty services, and to a lesser extent, from sales of professional services. The Company also generates revenue from sales of additional line cards and software-based capacity expansions. Maintenance and support services include telephone support, bug fixes and unspecified software upgrades and updates provided on a when-and-if-available basis and/or extended hardware warranty. In its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), the Company classifies revenue from sales of cable products and fixed wireless access and fixed telco devices as product revenue, and revenue from maintenance and support and professional services as service revenue. In accordance with ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue when a customer obtains control of promised products or services. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration that the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these products or services. To achieve the core principle of this standard, the Company applies the following five steps: 1) Identify the contract with a customer 2) Identify the performance obligations in the contract 3) Determine the transaction price includes v ariable consideration in the transaction price if, in its judgment, it is probable that no significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will occur . 4) Allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract 5) Recognize revenue when or as the Company satisfies a performance obligation Performance Obligations The majority of the Company’s contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations including products and maintenance services, and on a limited basis, professional services. For these contracts, the Company accounts for individual performance obligations separately if they are considered distinct. The Company’s cable, wireless and fixed telco products, maintenance services and professional services are considered distinct performance obligations. When multiple performance obligations exist in a customer contract, the Company allocates the transaction price to the separate performance obligations on a relative SSP basis. The Company determines SSP using its judgment and based on the best evidence available, which may include the selling price of products when sold on a standalone basis to similar customers in similar circumstances, or in the absence of standalone sales, taking into consideration the Company’s historical pricing practices by customer type, selling method (i.e. resellers or direct), and geographic-specific market factors. Product revenue The Company’s cable, wireless and fixed telco products generally have both software and non-software (i.e., hardware) components that function together to deliver the products’ essential functionality. The Company’s hardware generally cannot be used apart from the embedded software and is considered one distinct performance obligation. The Company recognizes revenue for both new and existing customers at a point in time when control of the products is transferred to the customer, which is typically when title and risk of loss have transferred and the right to payment is enforceable. The Company also earns revenue from the sale of perpetual software licenses and/or software-enabled capacity expansions. Revenue on perpetual software licenses and software-enabled capacity expansions for existing customers are also distinct performance obligations as they are separately identifiable and provide additional bandwidth capacity on hardware products already purchased by the customer. The Company recognizes revenue on perpetual software licenses and software-enabled capacity expansions when control is transferred, which is typically as the software entitlements are made available to the customer. When customer contracts require acceptance of product and services, the Company considers the nature of the acceptance provisions to determine if they are substantive or considered perfunctory to determine if these acceptance provisions impact the timing of revenue recognition. When acceptance provisions are considered substantive, the Company will defer revenue on all performance obligations in the contract subject to acceptance until acceptance has been received. The Company does not defer revenue when acceptance provisions are deemed perfunctory. Maintenance and Support Services and Professional Services Revenue The Company generally sells its products with maintenance and support services, a distinct performance obligation that includes the stand-ready obligation to provide telephone support, bug fixes and unspecified software upgrades and updates provided on a when-and-if-available basis and/or extended hardware warranty. After the initial sale, customers may purchase annual renewals of support contracts. The Company’s telephone support and unspecified upgrades and updates are delivered over time and the Company therefore recognizes revenue ratably over the contract term, which is typically one year, but can be as long as five years. The Company also generates revenue from sales of professional services, such as installation, configuration and training. Professional services are a distinct performance obligation since the Company’s products are functional without these services and can generally be performed by the customer or a third party. The Company generally recognizes fee-based professional services delivered at a point in time as the professional services are completed and upon receipt of acceptance if applicable. The sale of the Company’s products generally includes a 90-day warranty on the software and a one-year obligation. The Company records a warranty accrual for the initial software and hardware warranty included with product sales and does not defer revenue . Resellers and Sales Agents The Company markets and sells its products through its direct global sales force, supported by sales agents, and through resellers. The Company’s resellers receive an order from an end customer prior to placing an order with the Company, and the Company confirms the identification of or is aware of the end customer prior to accepting such order. The Company invoices the reseller an amount that reflects a reseller discount and records revenue based on the amount of the discounted transaction value. Aside from wireless and fixed telco hardware products, the Company’s resellers do not stock inventory received from the Company. When the Company transacts with a reseller, the contract is with the reseller and not with the end customer. Whether the Company transacts business with and receives the order directly from the reseller or a customer, its revenue recognition policy and resulting pattern of revenue recognition for the order are the same. The Company has assessed whether it is principal (i.e., reports revenue on a gross basis) or agent (i.e., reports revenues on a net basis) by evaluating whether it has control of the good or service before it is transferred to the reseller. Generally, the Company controls the promised good or service before transferring it to the reseller and acts as the principal in the transaction. Accordingly, the Company reports revenues on a gross basis. The Company also uses sales agents that assist in the sales process with certain customers, primarily located in the Latin America and Asia-Pacific regions. Sales agents are not resellers. If a sales agent is engaged in the sales process, the Company receives the order directly from the end customer and sells the products and services directly to the end customer, and the Company pays a commission to the sales agent, calculated as a percentage of the related transaction value. Accounting considerations related to sales agent commissions are discussed in the “Costs to Obtain or Fulfill a Contract” section below. Costs to Obtain or Fulfill a Contract The Company capitalizes commission expenses paid to internal sales personnel and sales agent commissions that are incremental to obtaining customer contracts, for which the related revenue is recognized over a future period greater than 12 months. These costs are incurred on initial sales of product, professional services and maintenance and support contract renewals. The Company defers these costs and amortizes them over the period of benefit, which is generally considered to be the contract term. The Company has elected to use the practical expedient, allowing the Company to recognize the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset that the entity otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. Commissions paid relating to maintenance and support contract renewals of twelve months or less are expensed as incurred as commissions paid on renewals are commensurate with commissions paid on initial sales transactions. Costs to obtain a contract for professional services contracts are expensed as incurred in accordance with the practical expedient as the contractual period of our professional services contracts are one year or less. The Company periodically reviews the carrying amount of capitalized contract costs to determine whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that could impact the period of benefit. Deferred Revenue The Company recognizes amounts billed in excess of revenue recognized as deferred revenue. Deferred revenue includes customer deposits, amounts billed for maintenance and support services contracts in advance of services being performed, amounts for trade-in right liabilities and amounts related to contracts that have been deferred as a result of not meeting the required revenue recognition criteria as of the end of the reporting period. The Company reports deferred revenue expected to be recognized as revenue more than one year subsequent to the balance sheet date within long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company defers recognition of direct costs, such as cost of goods and services, until recognition of the related revenue. The Company classifies such costs as current assets if the related deferred revenue is classified as current and as non-current assets if the related deferred revenue is classified as non-current. Other Revenue Recognition Policies The Company’s customary payment terms are generally 90 days or less. The Company has elected to apply the practical expedient that allows an entity to not adjust the promised amount of consideration in customer contracts for the effect of a significant financing component when the period between the transfer of product and services and payment of the related consideration is less than one year. If the Company provides extended payment terms that represent a significant financing component, the Company adjusts the amount of promised consideration for the time value of money using an appropriate discount rate and recognizes interest income separate from the revenue recognized on contracts with customers. During the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded $64 and $160, respectively, in interest income in its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) related to arrangements with customers that were determined to have a significant financing component. In limited instances, the Company has offered future rebates to customers based on a fixed or variable percentage of actual sales volumes over specified periods. The future rebates earned based on the customer’s purchasing from the Company in one period may be used as credits to be applied by them against accounts receivable due to the Company in later periods. The Company accounts for these future rebates as variable consideration and reduces the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will occur when the variable consideration is resolved. The Company estimates the reduction of the transaction price based on historical activity and other relevant factors and recognizes it when the Company recognizes revenue for the transfer of goods and services to the customer on which the future rebate was earned. Other forms of contingent revenue or variable consideration are infrequent. The Company excludes any taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are directly imposed on a revenue-producing transaction (e.g., sales, use and value added taxes) from its transaction price. The Company records billings to customers for reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses, including travel, lodging and meals, as revenue, and the associated costs incurred by the Company as cost of revenue. Revenue related to the reimbursement of out-of-pocket costs are accounted for as variable consideration. The Company accounts for any shipping and handling activities as a fulfilment cost rather than an additional promised service. The Company records shipping and handling billed to customers as an offset to cost of revenue. Transition Disclosures In accordance with the modified retrospective method transition requirements, the Company has presented the financial statement line items impacted and adjusted to compare to presentation under ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition As of December 31, 2019 Balance Sheet As Reported under ASC 606 Adjustments Without adoption of ASC 606 Assets: Accounts receivable $ 93,100 $ 47 $ 93,147 Inventory 93,604 186 93,790 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 4,884 54 4,938 Prepaid income taxes 3,217 330 3,547 Accounts receivable, net of current portion 575 23 598 Deferred tax assets 69 1,757 1,826 Other assets 7,820 (69 ) 7,751 Total assets $ 444,312 $ 2,328 $ 446,640 Liabilities: Accrued expenses and other current liabilities $ 34,567 $ (491 ) $ 34,076 Deferred revenue 25,485 8,194 33,679 Deferred revenue, net of current portion 4,583 1,856 6,439 Total liabilities 405,748 9,559 415,307 Stockholders’ Equity: Accumulated deficit (127,064 ) (7,231 ) (134,295 ) Total stockholders’ equity 38,564 (7,231 ) 31,333 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 444,312 $ 2,328 $ 446,640 Total reported assets under ASC 606 as of December 31, 2019 were $2,328 less than the total assets without the adoption of ASC 606 largely due to decreases in deferred tax assets, prepaid income taxes and deferred inventory costs related to contracts for which deferred revenue was adjusted to retained earnings, partially offset by increases in prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets related to contract costs capitalized under ASC 606 that would have been expensed when incurred under ASC 605. Total reported liabilities under ASC 606 as of December 31, 2019 were $9,559 less than the total liabilities without the adoption of ASC 606 primarily driven by the adjustment of deferred revenue related to a customer contract for which revenue was recognized based on receipt of cash payments under ASC 605 that would have been recognized upon product acceptance under ASC 606, offset by an increase in accrued partner commissions in accrued expenses and other current liabilities. These partner commissions were previously being recognized in the period in which cash was received and revenue was recognized. Upon the adoption of ASC 606, partner commissions are reflected as a cost to obtain a contract and they are expensed consistent with the pattern of revenue recognition on this contract. Year Ended December 31, 2019 Statement of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income As Reported under ASC 606 Adjustments Without adoption of ASC 606 Revenue: Product $ 241,377 $ (6,201 ) $ 235,176 Service 40,920 197 41,117 Total revenue 282,297 (6,004 ) 276,293 Cost of revenue: Product 113,059 182 113,241 Gross profit 162,532 (6,186 ) 156,346 Operating expenses: Selling, general and administrative 88,320 231 88,551 Loss from operations (9,119 ) (6,417 ) (15,536 ) Other income (expense): Interest income 4,406 (159 ) 4,247 Loss before provision for (benefit from) income taxes (24,415 ) (6,576 ) (30,991 ) Provision for (benefit from) income taxes 23,791 (1,495 ) 22,296 Net loss (48,206 ) (5,081 ) (53,287 ) Comprehensive loss $ (49,270 ) $ (5,081 ) $ (54,351 ) Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders: Basic $ (0.57 ) $ (0.07 ) $ (0.64 ) Diluted $ (0.57 ) $ (0.07 ) $ (0.64 ) During the year ended December 31, 2019, the adoption of ASC 606 resulted in a net increase to product revenue due to certain contracts for which product revenue was recognized upon delivery that would have been deferred without the adoption of ASC 606 due to the lack of vendor-specific objective evidence. Year Ended December 31, 2019 Statement of Cash Flows As Reported under ASC 606 Adjustments Without adoption of ASC 606 Cash flows used in operating activities: Net loss $ (48,206 ) $ (5,081 ) $ (53,287 ) Deferred income taxes 19,641 (1,166 ) 18,475 Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable 1,881 159 2,040 Inventory (21,276 ) 182 (21,094 ) Prepaid expenses and other assets (3,679 ) (322 ) (4,001 ) Prepaid income taxes 16 (330 ) (314 ) Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (7,827 ) 554 (7,273 ) Deferred revenue (9,498 ) 6,004 (3,494 ) Net cash used in operating activities $ (39,022 ) $ — $ (39,022 ) During the year ended December 31, 2019, the adoption of ASC 606 resulted in offsetting changes in operating assets and liabilities and had no impact on net cash used in operations. |
Stock-Based Compensation | Stock-Based Compensation The Company measures stock options and other stock-based awards granted to employees and directors based on the fair value on the date of the grant and recognizes compensation expense of those awards, net of estimated forfeitures, over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the respective award. Generally, the Company issues stock options with only service-based vesting conditions and records the expense for these awards using the straight-line method. The Company classifies stock-based compensation expense in its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) in the same manner in which the award recipient’s payroll costs are classified or in which the award recipient’s service payments are classified. The Company recognizes compensation expense for only the portion of awards that are expected to vest. In developing a forfeiture rate estimate, the Company has considered its historical experience to estimate pre-vesting forfeitures for service-based awards. The impact of a forfeiture rate adjustment will be recognized in full in the period of adjustment, and if the actual forfeiture rate is materially different from the Company’s estimate, the Company may be required to record adjustments to stock-based compensation expense in future periods. The Company estimates the fair value of each stock option grant on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Company was a private company until December 14, 2017 and lacks sufficient company-specific historical and implied volatility information for its stock. Therefore, it estimates its expected stock volatility based on the historical volatility of publicly traded peer companies and expects to continue to do so until such time as it has adequate historical data regarding the volatility of its own traded stock price. The expected term of the Company’s stock options has been determined utilizing the “simplified” method for awards that qualify as “plain-vanilla” options. The expected term of stock options granted to non-employees is equal to the contractual term of the option award. The risk-free interest rate is determined by reference to the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant of the award for time periods approximately equal to the expected term of the award. Expected dividend yield is based on the fact that the Company does not have a history of declaring or paying cash dividends, except for the special cash dividends declared in November 2014, June 2016, December 2016, May 2017 and November 2017 and in those circumstances the board of directors approved cash dividends to be paid to holders of the Company’s stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) upon vesting as an equitable adjustment to the holders of such instruments. The Company has also granted SARs to certain employees, which require the Company to pay in cash upon exercise an amount equal to the product of the excess of the per share fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of exercise over the exercise price, multiplied by the number of shares of common stock with respect to which the SAR is exercised. Because these awards may require the Company to settle the awards in cash, the Company accounts for them as a liability in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company recognizes the liability related to these awards, as well as related compensation expense over the period during which services are rendered until completed. The Company estimates changes in the fair value of the SAR liability using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and records them in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). After vesting is completed, the Company will continue to remeasure the fair market value of the liability until the award is either exercised or canceled, with changes in the fair value of the liability recorded in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). |
Research and Development Costs | Research and Development Costs The Company expenses research and development costs as incurred. The Company expenses costs incurred to develop software to be licensed to customers prior to the establishment of technological feasibility of the software and capitalizes them thereafter until commercial release of the software. The Company has not historically capitalized software development costs as the establishment of technological feasibility typically occurs shortly before the commercial release of its software, which is embedded in its products. As such, the Company expenses all software development costs related to software to be licensed to customers as incurred and includes such amounts within research and development expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). |
Advertising Costs | Advertising Costs The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred and includes them in selling, general and administrative expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Advertising expenses were not significant for any periods presented. |
Foreign Currency Translation | Foreign Currency Translation For the Company’s subsidiaries in Ireland and Australia, the U.S. dollar is the functional currency. For each of the Company’s other foreign subsidiaries, the functional currency is its local currency. Assets and liabilities of these foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars using period-end exchange rates, and revenues and expenses are translated into U.S. dollars using average exchange rates in effect during each period. The Company includes the effects of these foreign currency translation adjustments in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a separate component of stockholders’ equity. The Company includes foreign currency transaction gains (losses) in its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) as a component of other income (expense). They totaled $452, $298 and $(911) for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. |
Fair Value Measurements | Fair Value Measurements The Company carries certain assets and liabilities at fair value under GAAP. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received for an asset or the exit price that would be paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable: Level 1— Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities. Level 2— Observable inputs (other than Level 1 quoted prices), such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities at the measurement date; quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets and liabilities; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. Level 3— Unobservable inputs that involve management judgment and are supported by little or no market activity, including pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques. The categorization of a financial instrument within the valuation hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company carries cash equivalents, marketable securities, foreign currency forward contracts and SARs at fair value, determined according to the fair value hierarchy described above (see Note 7). The fair values of cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these assets and liabilities, with the exception of amounts recorded by the Company as “accounts receivable, non-current,” which represent amounts billed to customers for which payment has not yet become due and for which an offsetting amount of deferred revenue has been recorded. The carrying values of the Company’s debt obligations (see Note 11) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 approximated their fair values because the debt bears interest at rates the Company would be required to pay on the issuance of debt with similar terms, based on an analysis of recent market conditions and other Company-specific factors. |
Income Taxes | Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities, as measured by enacted tax rates anticipated to be in effect when these differences reverse. This method also requires the recognition of future tax benefits to the extent that realization of such benefits is more likely than not. Deferred tax expense or benefit is the result of changes in the deferred tax assets and liabilities. The Company assesses the likelihood that its deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income and, to the extent it believes, based upon the weight of available evidence, that it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance is established through a charge to income tax expense. The Company evaluates the potential for recovery of deferred tax assets by estimating the future taxable profits expected and considering prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. As of December 31, 2020, the Company determined that it is more likely than not that a portion of its net U.S. deferred tax assets will not be realized, and thus has recognized a valuation allowance of $24,463 against its net U.S. deferred tax assets that are not expected to be realized, a decrease of $14,661 during the year ended December 31, 2020 (see Note 10). The Company records a liability for potential payments of taxes to various tax authorities related to uncertain tax positions and other tax matters. The Company bases t he recorded liability on its determination of whether and how much of a tax benefit taken by the Company in its tax filings or positions is “more likely than not” to be realized. The amount of the benefit that may be recognized in the financial statements is the largest amount that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. To the extent that the assessment of such tax positions changes, the Company records the change in estimate in the period in which the determination is made. The Company establishes a liability, which is included in accrued income taxes in the consolidated balance sheets, for tax-related uncertainties based on estimates of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. The Company establishes t hese liabilities when the Company believes that certain positions might be challenged despite its belief that the tax return positions are fully supportable. The Company adjusts the recorded liability in light of changing facts and circumstances. The (benefit from) provision for income taxes includes the impact of the recorded liability and changes thereto. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions within other income (expense) in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The Company records accrued interest and penalties in accrued income taxes in the consolidated balance sheets. For taxable years beginning after January 1, 2018, taxpayers are subjected to the global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) provisions. The GILTI provisions require the Company to currently recognize in U.S. taxable income a deemed dividend inclusion of foreign subsidiary earnings in excess of an allowable return on the foreign subsidiary’s tangible assets. The ability to benefit from a deduction and foreign tax credits against a portion of the GILTI income may be limited under the GILTI rules as a result of the utilization of net operating losses, foreign sourced income, and other potential limitations within the foreign tax credit calculation. During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded an income tax charge of $3,483 million and $942 million, respectively related to GILTI. The Company has made an accounting policy election, as allowed by the SEC and FASB, to recognize the impacts of GILTI within the period incurred. Therefore, no U.S. deferred taxes are provided on GILTI inclusions of future foreign subsidiary earnings. |
Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Comprehensive Income (Loss) Comprehensive income (loss) includes net income (loss) as well as other changes in stockholders’ equity (deficit) that result from transactions and economic events other than those with stockholders. Comprehensive income (loss) for the periods presented consists of net income and the change in the cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment. |
Net Income (Loss) per Share | Net Income (Loss) per Share Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. Diluted net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders is computed by adjusting net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders to reallocate undistributed earnings based on the potential impact of dilutive securities. Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the diluted net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period, including potential dilutive common shares. For purpose of this calculation, outstanding stock-based awards are considered potential dilutive common shares. |
Impact of Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Standards | Impact of Recently Adopted Accounting Standards In June 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718) (“ASU 2018-07”), which expands the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. The Company adopted ASU 2018-07 as of January 1, 2020 and such adoption did not have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements . In May 2014, the FASB issued ASC 606, which supersedes existing revenue recognition guidance under GAAP. The core principle of this standard is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Company adopted ASC 606 on January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective method. Under this method of adoption, the Company recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying the new revenue standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated deficit. Comparative prior year periods were not adjusted. As a result of applying the modified retrospective method to adopt ASC 606, the following adjustments were made to the consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2019: December 31, 2018 January 1, 2019 As reported Adjustments As adjusted Assets: Accounts receivable $ 81,782 $ (153 ) $ 81,629 Inventory 50,997 (368 ) 50,629 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 3,755 209 3,964 Accounts receivable, net of current portion 2,388 (75 ) 2,313 Deferred tax assets 21,578 (592 ) 20,986 Other assets 3,293 128 3,421 Total assets $ 474,649 $ (851 ) $ 473,798 Liabilities: Accrued expenses and other current liabilities $ 36,992 $ 1,045 $ 38,037 Deferred revenue 31,206 (2,190 ) 29,016 Deferred revenue, net of current portion 12,479 (1,856 ) 10,623 Total liabilities 399,793 (3,001 ) 396,792 Stockholders’ equity: Accumulated deficit (81,008 ) 2,150 (78,858 ) Total stockholders’ equity 74,856 2,150 77,006 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 474,649 $ (851 ) $ 473,798 Upon adoption of ASC 606 on January 1, 2019, the Company recorded a decrease to accumulated deficit of $2,150 as a result of the transition. The impact of the adoption primarily relates to the cumulative effect of a $4,046 total decrease in deferred revenue and deferred revenue, net of current portion primarily related to a customer contract for which revenue was recognized based on receipt of cash payments under ASC 605 that would have been recognized upon product acceptance under ASC 606; a $1,045 increase in accrued expenses and other current liabilities related to partner commissions that were previously being recognized in the period in which cash was received and revenue was recognized, but would have been reflected as a cost to obtain a contract and expensed consistent with the pattern of revenue recognition on the contract; a $368 decrease in inventory related to the adjustment of deferred cost of goods sold on deferred revenue also adjusted as part of the adoption; a $337 total increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets for short term and long term capitalized contract costs on open contracts as of the adoption date; a $228 total decrease in accounts receivable and accounts receivable, net of current portion related to a contract with a significant financing component; and a $592 decrease in deferred tax assets related to the above items. Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Standards In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842): Amendments to FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASU 2016-02”), which replaces the existing guidance for leases. ASU 2016-02 requires the identification of arrangements that should be accounted for as leases by lessees. In general, for lease arrangements exceeding a twelve-month term, the arrangements must now be recognized as assets and liabilities on the balance sheet of the lessee. Under ASU 2016-02, a right-of-use asset and lease obligation will be recorded for all leases, whether operating or financing, while the income statement will reflect lease expense for operating leases and amortization/interest expense for financing leases. The balance sheet amount recorded for existing leases at the date of adoption of ASU 2016-02 must be calculated using the applicable incremental borrowing rate at the date of adoption. This guidance will become effective for private companies, and emerging growth companies that choose to take advantage of the extended transition periods, for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. The Company has begun planning for adoption by implementing new lease accounting software and by working to establish additional changes to internal processes to comply with all requirements upon adoption. The standard allows for, and the Company plans on using, a modified retrospective approach with comparatives under ASC 840, where entities would recognize a cumulative effect to retained earnings at the date of adoption without restating prior period balances or disclosure. Management is continuing to assess the impact of ASU 2016-02 on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes thereto. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). This guidance is intended to provide more decision-useful information about expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting date. The main provisions include presenting financial assets measured at amortized cost at the amount expected to be collected, which is net of an allowance for expected credit losses, and recording credit losses related to available-for-sale securities through an allowance for credit losses. The effective dates for the amendments in ASU 2016-13 were updated in ASU 2019-10, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842), and as such ASU 2016-13 will become effective for private companies, and emerging growth companies that choose to take advantage of the extended transition periods, for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal periods, and must be applied using a modified retrospective approach. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ASU 2016-13 will have on its consolidated financial statements . |