Alpha and Omega Semiconductor Limited (AOSL) 10-K2023 FY Annual report

The Board of Directors of Chongqing Alpha and Omega Semiconductor Limited

We have audited the financial statements of Chongqing Alpha and Omega Semiconductor Limited ("the Company") which comprise the balance sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the related statements of operations, equity and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2022 and one month ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes to the financial statements (collectively referred to as the "financial statements").

In our opinion, the accompanying financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2022 and one month ended December 31, 2021 in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAS). Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements section of our report. We are required to be independent of the Company and to meet our other ethical responsibilities, in accordance with the relevant ethical requirements relating to our audit. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared with the purpose of providing financial information to Alpha and Omega Semiconductor Limited ("AOS") to assist AOS in satisfying its reporting responsibilities under Regulation S-X, Rule 3-09.

Our audits also comprehended the translation of Renminbi amounts into United States dollar amounts and, in our opinion, such translation has been made in conformity with the basis stated in Note 1(d) to the financial statements. Such United States dollar amounts are presented solely for the convenience of readers outside the People's Republic of China.

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and for the design, implementation, and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the financial statements, management is required to evaluate whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern for one year after the date that the financial statements are issued.

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not absolute assurance and therefore is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with GAAS will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control. Misstatements are considered material if there is a substantial likelihood that, individually or in the aggregate, they would influence the judgment made by a reasonable user based on the financial statements.

In performing an audit in accordance with GAAS, we:

We are required to communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit, significant audit findings, and certain internal control-related matters that we identified during the audit.

/s/ Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Certified Public Accountants LLP

Shanghai, the People's Republic of China

August 23, 2023

Chongqing Alpha and Omega Semiconductor Limited ("CQAOS", "the Company") was incorporated in Chongqing, China on April 22, 2016. It was invested by Alpha and Omega Semiconductor Limited ("AOS") with two investment funds owned by the Municipality of Chongqing (the "Chongqing Funds") by entering into a joint venture contract, for the purpose of constructing and operating a power semiconductor packaging, testing and wafer fabrication facility in the Liangjiang New Area of Chongqing, the People of Republic China.

The financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP").

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the Company to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses. To the extent there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, the Company's financial statements will be affected. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates the estimates, judgments and assumptions including principal-versus-agent determination for revenue recognition, allowance for credit loss, inventory reserves, warranty accrual, income taxes, leases, recoverability of and useful lives for property, plant and equipment and intangible assets.

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currencies using the exchange rates prevailing at the beginning of the month. Foreign exchange gains and losses, resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the re-measurement of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies using exchange rates at month end, are recognized in the statements of operations.

The Company's reporting currency and functional currency is Renminbi ("RMB"). Translations of balances in the balance sheets, statements of operations and statements of cash flows from RMB into U.S. Dollars ("US$") as of and for one month ended December 31, 2022 are solely for the convenience of the reader and were calculated at the rate of US$1.00 = RMB6.9646 representing the average buying and selling spot rate set forth in the statistical release of the China Foreign Exchange Trade System on December 31, 2022.

Cash and cash equivalents primarily consist of cash on hand and short-term bank deposits with original maturities of three months or less. Cash equivalents are highly liquid investments with stated maturities of three months or less as of the dates of purchase. The carrying amounts reported for cash and cash equivalents are considered to approximate fair values based upon their short maturities.

As a condition of the loan arrangements, the Company is required to keep a compensating balance at the issuing bank. The balance has been excluded from the Company's cash and cash equivalents balance and are classified as restricted cash in the Company's balance sheets.

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy is based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value, which are the following:

•Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

The fair value of cash equivalents is based on observable market prices and have been categorized in Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. Cash equivalents consist primarily of short-term bank deposits. The carrying values of financial instruments such as cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their carrying values due to their short-term maturities. The carrying value of the company's debt is considered a reasonable estimate of fair value which is estimated by considering the current rates available to the Company for debt of the same remaining maturities, structure and terms of the debts.

The Company recorded impairment charges of RMB4,814 and RMB4,933(US$708) for certain property, plant and equipment for the one month ended December 31, 2021 and the year ended December 31, 2022, respectively. The impairment was recorded in cost of goods sold in its statements of operations.

The Company carries inventories at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost of inventory includes semiconductor wafer and raw materials, labour, depreciation expenses and other manufacturing expenses and overhead, and packaging and testing fees paid to third parties if subcontractors are used. Valuation of inventories are based on the Company's periodic review of inventory quantities on hand as compared with its sales forecasts, historical usage, aging of inventories, production yield levels and current selling prices. If actual market conditions are less favourable than those forecasted by management, additional future inventory write-downs may be required. Adjustments to inventory once established are not reversed until the related inventory has been sold or scrapped.

Property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation. Historical cost includes expenditures that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the items and the costs incurred to make the assets ready for their intended use.

Depreciation is provided for on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related assets as follows:

Construction in progress represent equipment received but the necessary installation has not been fully performed or building construction and leasehold improvements that have been started but not yet completed. Equipment and construction in progress are stated at cost and transferred to respective asset class when fully completed and ready for their intended use.

Software is externally purchased which is amortized over three to ten years on a straight-line basis. Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing the proceeds with the carrying amount and are recognized as selling, general and administrative expenses in the statements of operations. Costs of maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend the lives of the respective assets are expensed as incurred.

Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment in accordance with authoritative guidance for impairment or disposal of long-lived assets. Long-lived assets are reviewed for events or changes in circumstances, which indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable. Long-lived assets with definite lives are not impaired unless undiscounted cash flow is less than the carrying value, at which time impairment is recorded for the difference between carrying value and fair value. For one month ended December 31, 2021 and the year ended December 31, 2022, RMB4,814 and RMB4,933 (US$708) was recognized as impairment loss and recoded in cost of goods sold, respectively.

The Company occasionally receives government grants that provide financial assistance for certain eligible expenditures in China. These grants include reimbursements on interest expense on bank borrowings, payroll related subsidy, as well as other business expansion credits. Grants received as incentives for conducting business in certain local districts with no performance obligation or other restriction as to the use are recognized when cash is received. Grants received with government specified performance obligations are recognized when all the obligations have been fulfilled and cash is received. If such obligations are not satisfied, the Company may be required to refund the subsidy. The Company records such grants either as a reduction of the interest expenses, related expense, or as other income depending upon the nature of the grant. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company reduced interest expense by RMB10,215(US$1,447), reduced general and administrative by RMB1,698 (US$244), and recorded other income of RMB10,666 (US$1,531) upon receipt of cash from government.

The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps: (1) identification of the contract with a customer; (2) identification of the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determination of the transaction price; (4) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognition of revenue when, or as, a performance obligation is satisfied. The Company recognizes product revenue at a point in time when product is shipped to customer, and service revenue once rendered. The Company presents revenue net of sales taxes. The standard payment terms range from 30 to 90 days.

The Company's performance obligations relate to contracts with a duration of less than one year. The Company elected to apply the practical expedient provided in ASC 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers". Therefore, the Company is not required to disclose the aggregate amount of transaction price allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied at the end of the reporting period.

The following is a summary of revenue by type:

Cost of goods sold primarily consists of costs associated with semiconductor wafers, packaging and testing, shipping and handling, personnel, overhead attributable to manufacturing, impairment loss on manufacturing equipment, operations and procurement, and costs associated with yield improvements, capacity utilization, warranty and valuation of inventories.

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Right-of-use ("ROU") assets and lease liabilities are recognized for all leases based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. The Company uses an estimate of its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date. ROU assets also include any lease payments made and exclude lease incentives. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise such options.

The Company classifies its leases in to operating lease and finance lease. Operating leases are included in operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities on the Company's balance sheets. Finance lease are included in property, plant and equipment and finance lease liabilities on the balance sheets. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, lease liability is amortized using the effective interest method over the lease period. The Company does not record leases on the balance sheet with a term of one year or less.

The Company leased certain idle manufacture equipment to related parties. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. All leases are classified as operating leases and rents are recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the leases when collectability is probable, and the lessee has taken possession or controls the physical use of the leased equipment. The leased equipment is recognized in the statement of balance sheets as property, plant and equipment, which lease income, net of depreciation expenses of the leased equipment, is recorded as other operating income, net in the statements of operations.

The Company provides a standard two-year warranty for the products from the date of purchase by the customers. The Company accrues for estimated warranty costs at the time revenue is recognized. The Company's warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates, labor and material costs for replacing defective products, related freight costs for failed parts and other quality assurance costs. The Company monitors its product returns for warranty claims and maintains warranty reserves based on historical experiences and anticipated warranty claims known at the time of estimation.

Income tax expense or benefit is based on income or loss before taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized principally for the expected tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts.

Significant management judgment is required in determining whether deferred tax assets will be realized in full or in part. When it is more likely than not that all or some portion of specific deferred tax assets such as net operating losses or research and experimentation tax credit carry-forwards will not be realized, a valuation allowance must be established for the amount of the deferred tax assets that cannot be realized. The Company considers all available positive and negative evidence when assessing whether it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets are recoverable. The Company considers evidence such as our past operating results, the existence of cumulative losses in recent years and our forecast of future taxable income.

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance which clarifies the accounting for income taxes by prescribing a minimum probability threshold that a tax position must meet before a financial statement benefit is recognized. The minimum threshold is defined as a tax position that is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by the applicable taxing authority, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefit to be recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. Although the guidance on the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes prescribes the use of a recognition and measurement model, the determination of whether an uncertain tax position has met those thresholds will continue to require significant judgment by management.

The Company manages its credit risk associated with exposure to customers on outstanding accounts receivable through the application of credit approvals, credit ratings and other monitoring procedures.

Credit sales, which are mainly on credit terms of 30 to 90 days, are only made to customers who meet the Company's credit standards, while sales to new customers or customers with low credit ratings are usually made on an advance payment basis. The Company considers its financial assets to be of good credit quality because its customers have long-standing business relationships with the Company and the Company has not experienced any significant bad debt write-offs of accounts receivable in the past. The Company closely monitors the aging of accounts receivable from customers, and regularly reviews their financial positions, where available.

The only customer whose revenue or accounts receivable balances were 10% or higher than the respective total amounts is the Company's related party, AOS Group. See note 14 for details of balance and transaction with AOS Group.

Certain cash and bank balances denominated in US$ were deposited with banks in the PRC. The conversion of these US$ denominated balances into foreign currencies is subject to the rules and regulations of foreign exchange control promulgated by the PRC government.

The Company write-down inventory for any excess or obsolete inventories or when the Company believe that the net realizable value of inventories is less than the carrying value. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company wrote-down inventory of RMB62 (US$9), respectively.

Property and equipment, net consist of the following:

Depreciation expenses for the one month ended December 31, 2021 and year ended December 31, 2022 was RMB 13,170 and RMB153,958 (US$22,106) respectively. For the one month ended December 31, 2021 and the year ended December 31, 2022, RMB4,814and RMB4,933 (US$708) was recognized as impairment loss on manufacturing equipment, respectively.

Intangible assets, net consist of the following:

The Company amortizes its intangible assets of patents and technology rights relating to power device semiconductors and wafer production over their estimated useful lives of 7 to 15 years. Amortization expenses for the one month ended December 31, 2021 and the year ended December 31, 2022 were RMB 4,955 and RMB 59,458 (US$8,537), respectively.

Amortization expenses of the above intangible assets are expected to be approximately RMB59,458, RMB59,458, RMB59,458, RMB59,458 and RMB 102,733 for the years ending December 31, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027 and thereafter, respectively.

On June 29, 2021, The Company entered into a one-year credit facility agreement with China Citic Bank to borrow a maximum of US$7.7 million and has fully drawn-down the facility at interest rate of 3.49% per annum. Interest payments are due on the 20th of each quarter starting September 20, 2021, and the entire principal amount is due on June 29, 2022. The borrowings have been repaid in June 2022.

On December 27, 2022, the Company entered into a one-year credit facility agreement with China Citic Bank to borrow a maximum of RMB100 million at a floating interest rate based on one-year Loan Prime Rate in China ("LPR") minus 1.7%. The Company has drawn-down RMB100 million at interest rate of 3.48% per annum. Interest payments are due on the 20th of each quarter starting March 20, 2023, and the entire principal is due on December 26, 2023. The outstanding balance of this loan was RMB 100 million on December 31, 2022.

On April 14, 2021, the Company entered into a credit facility with China Everbright Bank in China to borrow a maximum of RMB100 million. The borrowing can be in either RMB or US$ and be repaid in the same currency. The loan consists of RMB50 million for working capital borrowings in RMB and RMB50 million for trade financing in US$. The loan is collateralized by eligible accounts receivable of RMB50 million. On April 19, 2021, the Company borrowed RMB50 million for working capital borrowing, at an interest rate of 5.1% per annum. The interest payments are due quarterly with the entire principal due no later than May 19, 2022. Additionally, the Company drew-down US$7.6 million for the trade financing purpose at interest rate of 2.7% in 2021. As of December 31, 2022, all of these loans have been repaid.

On April 26, 2020, the Company entered into a credit facility agreement with China Development Bank, Agricultural Bank of China, China Merchants Bank and Chongqing Rural Commercial Bank (collectively, "the Banks") in the aggregate principal amount of RMB250 million. The obligation under the loan agreement is secured by certain assets of the Company with a carrying value ofRMB1060.99 million as of December 31, 2022. This loan shares collateral rights with the US$24 million long-term loan signed on December 18, 2019 with China Development Bank. Beginning December 18, 2020, the Company is required to make consecutive semi-annual payments of principal until December 8, 2024. Interest payment is due on March 20, June 20, September 20 and December 20 of each year based on one-year LPR plus 1.3%. The Company drew-down RMB250 million in April 2020 at interest rate of 5.1% per annum. As of December 31, 2022, the outstanding balance of the loan was RMB145 million.

On March 12, 2019, the Company entered into a credit facility agreement with The Export-Import Bank of China in the aggregate principal amount of RMB200 million. The loan will mature on February 20, 2025. The Company drew-down the whole facility in 2019. The loan withdraw window expired on February 28, 2020. The interest is accrued based on the five-year LPR multiplied by 1.1. The loan requires quarterly interest payments. The principal payments are required to be paid every 6 months over the term of loan commencing in October 2019. This loan is secured by the buildings and certain equipment owned by the Company with a carrying value of RMB566.04 million as of December 31, 2022. This loan shares collateral rights with that rent factoring of RMB379 million under YinHai financing lease signed on May 9, 2018 and the RMB200 million short-term loan signed on July 19, 2022 with The Export-Import Bank of China. As a condition of the loan arrangements, RMB14 million (approximately US$2.0 million) of cash is held as restricted cash by the Company as a compensating balance at the Company's bank until the principal is paid. As of December 31, 2022, the outstanding balance of the loan was RMB 115.0 million at weighted average interest rate of 5.19% per annum.

On December 31, 2021, the Company entered into a credit facility agreement with China Merchants Bank to borrow a maximum of RMB100 million for three years. The maximum interest rate is based on the LPR plus 1.4%. The loan requires quarterly interest payments. On February 11, 2022, the Company drew-down RMB100 million at interest rate of 5.1% per annum. The entire principal is due on December 30, 2024. As of December 31, 2022, the loan has been fully repaid.

On May 9, 2018 (the "Effective Date"), the Company entered into a lease finance agreement and a security agreement (the "Agreements") with YinHai Leasing Company and China Import/Export Bank (the "Lenders"). Pursuant to the Agreements, the Lenders agree to provide an aggregate of RMB400 million of financing to the Company (the "Lease Financing"). In exchange for the Lease Financing, the Company agrees to transfer title of its assembly and testing equipment to the Lenders, and the Lenders lease such equipment to the Company under a five-year lease arrangement, pursuant to which the Company makes quarterly lease payments to the Lenders consisting of principal and interest based on a repayment schedule mutually agreed by the parties. The interest under the Lease Financing is accrued based on the five-year LPR multiplied by 1.15. Under the Agreements, at the end of the five-year lease term, the Lenders agree to sell such equipment back to the Company for a nominal amount RMB1. The Company's obligations under the Lease Financing that rent factoring of RMB379 million are secured by the land and building owned by the Company (the "Collateral"). The lease financing shares the collateral rights both with the loan of RMB 200 million signed on March 12, 2019 and the loan of RMB 200 million signed on July 19, 2022 with The Export-Import Bank of China. The proceeds from the Lease Financing has been used primarily for the acquisition and installation of the 12-inch fabrication equipment and other expenses of the Company relating to the completion of the fabrication facility located in Chongqing. The Agreements contain customary representation, warranties and covenants, including restrictions on the transfer of the Collateral. The Agreements also contain customary events of default, including but are not limited to, failure to make payments and breach of material terms under the Agreements. On June 28, 2020, the parties entered into a modification to this agreement as a result of a change in the bank reference rate, pursuant to which the interest rate was changed to be the five-year LPR plus 0.8125%. Other terms of this agreement remain the same. As of December 31, 2022, the outstanding balance of the Lease Financing of RMB28.0 million at weighted average interest rate of 5.43% per annum. The balance was recorded as finance lease liabilities in current liabilities.

As of December 31, 2022, maturities of short-term debts and long-term debts are as follows:

The Company evaluates contracts for lease accounting at contract inception and assesses lease classification at the lease commencement date. Operating leases are included in operating lease ROU assets, operating lease liabilities and operating lease liabilities - long-term on the Company's balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property, plant and equipment, finance lease liabilities and finance lease liabilities-long-term on the balance sheets. The Company recognizes a ROU asset and corresponding lease obligation liability at the lease commencement date where the lease obligation liability is measured at the present value of the minimum lease payments. As most of the leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at lease commencement. The Company uses an interest rate commensurate with the interest rate to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term with an amount equal to the lease payments. Operating leases are primarily related to offices facilities, employee apartments, and gas tank equipment. Lease agreements frequently include renewal provisions and require the Company to pay real estate taxes, insurance and maintenance costs. For operating leases, the amortization of the ROU asset and the accretion of its lease obligation liability result in a single straight-line expense recognized over the lease term. The finance lease is related to YinHai Leasing Company. The Company does not record leases on the balance sheet with a term of one year or less. Total lease expense related to short-term leases was insignificant for the year ended December 31, 2022 and one month ended December 31, 2021.

The components of the Company's operating and finance lease expenses are as follows for the period presented:

Supplemental balance sheet information related to the Company's operating and finance leases is as follows (in thousands, except lease term and discount rate):

Supplemental cash flow information related to the Company's operating and finance lease is as follows:

Future minimum lease payments are as follows as of December 31, 2022:

In January 2022, certain third-party investors entered into investment agreements with the Company in total consideration of RMB509 million (US$80 million) to subscribe for the Company's equity interest ("2022 Financing"). As of December 31, 2022, the Company received all capital injection, of which RMB212,899 and RMB296,101 was recorded in paid-in capital and additional paid-in capital, respectively.

The fair value of each restricted share granted was determined at RMB15.20 (US$2.38) using the market approach by reference to the fair value of the ordinary share indicating by the Company’s most recent equity financing.

The following table discloses movements for the year ended December 31, 2022:

The Company did not recognize any share-based compensation expenses for restricted shares as the listing of the Company is not assessed to be probable as of December 31, 2022.

Under PRC's Enterprise Income Tax Law ("EIT Law"), the statutory income tax rate is 25%, and the EIT rate will be reduced to 15% for the encouraged enterprises located in the western region which the company met the requirement, according to the taxation No.23 in 2020 announced by China Development and Reform Commission of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration, from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2030. Additionally, as a recognized semiconductor packaging and testing entity, the Company is entitled to a two-year exemption and three-year 50% reduction starting from the first profit making year after absorbing all prior years' tax losses. The Company has not entered into the first tax profitable year as of December 31, 2022. No provision for income taxes has been required to be accrued because the Company is in cumulative loss positions for the period presented.

A reconciliation between the effective income tax rate and the PRC statutory income tax rate is as follows:

The principal components of the deferred tax assets are as follows:

The Company considers positive and negative evidence to determine whether some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be more likely than not realized. This assessment considers, among other matters, the nature, frequency and severity of recent losses and forecasts of future profitability. These assumptions require significant judgment and the forecasts of future taxable income are consistent with the plans and estimates the Company is using to manage the underlying businesses. Valuation allowances are established for deferred tax assets based on a more likely than not threshold. The Company's ability to realize deferred tax assets depends on its ability to generate sufficient taxable income within the carry forward periods provided for in the tax law. The Company has determined that for the deferred tax assets on temporary differences and net operating loss carry forwards, it is not able to conclude that the future realization of those net operating loss carry forwards and other deferred tax assets are more likely than not. As such, the Company has fully provided valuation allowance for the deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2021 and 2022. No unrecognized tax benefits and related interest and penalties were recorded in the period presented. Amounts of operating loss carry forwards were approximately RMB911 million (US$135 million) for the year ended December 31, 2022, which are expected to expire through 2026.

The table below sets forth the major related parties and the relationship with the Company as of December 31, 2022:

For the one month ended December 31, 2021 and the year ended December 31, 2022, all of the related parties balances and transactions are as above.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company's commitments related to purchase of property and equipment contracted but not yet reflected in the financial statements were RMB178,059 which are expected to be incurred in the year ended December 31, 2023.

Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines, and penalties and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. If a potential material loss contingency is not probable but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate of the range of possible loss if determinable and material, is disclosed. Legal costs incurred in connection with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred.

The subsequent events were evaluated through August 23, 2023, which is the issuance date of the audited financial statements. No Subsequent events are noted.