Iridium Communications (IRDM) 10-Q2022 Q1 Quarterly report

Iridium Communications Inc. (the “Company”) has prepared its condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). The Company's operations are primarily conducted through, and its operating assets are owned by, its principal operating subsidiary, Iridium Satellite LLC, Iridium Satellite's immediate parent, Iridium Holdings, LLC, and their respective subsidiaries. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of (i) the Company, (ii) its wholly owned subsidiaries, and (iii) all less than wholly owned subsidiaries that the Company controls. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

In the opinion of management, the condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments that the Company considers necessary for the fair presentation of its results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods covered, and of the financial position of the Company at the date of the interim condensed consolidated balance sheet. The operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the entire year. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to instructions, rules and regulations prescribed by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2021, as filed with the SEC on February 17, 2022.

The Company evaluates assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements on a recurring and non-recurring basis to determine the appropriate level to classify them for each reporting period. This determination requires significant judgments to be made by management of the Company. Fair value is the price that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability assuming an orderly transaction in the most advantageous market at the measurement date. U.S. GAAP establishes a hierarchical disclosure framework which prioritizes and ranks the level of observability of inputs used in measuring fair value.

The fair value hierarchy consists of the following tiers:

The carrying values of the following financial instruments approximated their fair values as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021: (1) cash and cash equivalents, (2) prepaid expenses and other current assets, (3) accounts receivable, (4) accounts payable, and (5) accrued expenses and other current liabilities. Fair values approximate their carrying values because of their short-term nature. The Level 2 cash equivalents may include money market funds, commercial paper and short-term

U.S. agency securities. The Company also classifies its derivative financial instruments as Level 2. The Company did not hold any Level 3 assets as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

The fair values of the Company’s Level 2 estimates are based upon certain market assumptions and information available to the Company. In determining fair value, the Company uses a market approach utilizing valuation models that incorporate observable inputs such as interest rates, bond yields and quoted prices for similar assets.

For new leases, the Company will determine if an arrangement is or contains a lease at inception. Leases are included as (1) right-of-use (“ROU”) assets within other assets, and (2) ROU liabilities within accrued expenses and other liabilities and are included within other long-term liabilities on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Certain leases contain variable contractual obligations as a result of future base rate escalations which are estimated based on observed trends and included within the measurement of present value. The Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The ROU assets also include any lease payments made and exclude lease incentives. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, which are generally accounted for separately. For certain leases, such as teleport network facilities, the Company elected the practical expedient to combine lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. Taxes assessed on leases in which the Company is either a lessor or lessee are excluded from contract consideration and variable payments when measuring new lease contracts or remeasuring existing lease contracts.

Inventory consists primarily of finished goods and raw materials from third-party manufacturers. The Company outsources manufacturing of subscriber equipment to a third-party manufacturer and purchases accessories from third-party suppliers. The Company’s cost of inventory includes an allocation of overhead, including payroll and payroll-related costs of employees directly involved in bringing inventory to its existing condition, and freight. Inventories are valued using the average cost method and are carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value.

The Company has a manufacturing agreement with Benchmark Electronics Inc. (“Benchmark”) to manufacture most of its subscriber equipment. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company may be required to purchase excess materials at cost plus a contractual markup if the materials are not used in production within the periods specified in the agreement. Benchmark will then repurchase such materials from the Company at the same price paid by the Company, as required for the production of the subscriber equipment.

The following table presents the Company’s cash and cash equivalents balance:

Aireon has made payments to the Company pursuant to its hosting agreement, and the Company expects Aireon will continue to do so. L3Harris has prepaid all amounts owed to the Company pursuant to its hosting arrangement. The following table presents future income with respect to the Company’s operating leases in which it is the lessor existing at March 31, 2022, exclusive of the $5.4 million recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2022, by year and in the aggregate:

In November 2019 and February 2020, pursuant to a loan agreement (as amended to date, the “Credit Agreement”), the Company entered into a term loan totaling $1,650.0 million in aggregate principal amount with Deutsche Bank AG (the “Term Loan”) and an accompanying $100.0 million revolving loan (the “Revolving Facility”). The Term Loan has been repriced and now bears interest at an annual rate of LIBOR plus 2.50%, with a 0.75% LIBOR floor. The maturity date remains unchanged in November 2026. The interest rate on the Revolving Facility remained unchanged at LIBOR plus 3.75%, with no LIBOR floor, and a maturity date in November 2024. Principal payments, which are payable quarterly and began on June 30, 2020, equal $16.5 million per annum (one percent of the full principal amount of the Term Loan), with the remaining principal due upon maturity.

As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company reported an aggregate of $1,617.0 million and $1,621.1 million in borrowings under the Term Loan, respectively. These amounts do not include $22.0 million and $23.1 million of net unamortized deferred financing costs as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The net principal balance in borrowings in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 amounted to $1,595.0 million and $1,598.0 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, based upon over-the-counter bid levels (Level 2 - market approach), the fair value of the borrowings under the Term Loan was $1,605.9 million and $1,622.1 million, respectively. The Company had not borrowed under the Revolving Facility as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

The Credit Agreement contains no financial maintenance covenants with respect to the Term Loan. With respect to the Revolving Facility, the Credit Agreement requires the Company to maintain a consolidated first lien net leverage ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) of no greater than 6.25 to 1 if more than 35% of the Revolving Facility has been drawn. The Credit Agreement contains other customary representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants, and events of default. The Company was in compliance with all covenants as of March 31, 2022.

Total interest incurred includes amortization of deferred financing fees and capitalized interest. The following table presents the interest and amortization of deferred financing fees related to the Term Loan:

The Company is exposed to interest rate fluctuations related to its Term Loan. The Company has reduced its exposure to fluctuations in the cash flows associated with changes in the variable interest rate by entering into offsetting positions through the use of an interest rate cap contract which results in recognizing a maximum fixed interest rate for a portion of the Term Loan. This will reduce the negative impact of increases in the variable rate over the term of the derivative contracts. These contracts are not used for trading or other speculative purposes. Historically, the Company has not incurred, and does not expect to incur in the future, any losses as a result of counterparty default.

Hedge effectiveness of interest rate swap and cap contracts is based on a long-haul hypothetical derivative methodology and includes all changes in value. The Company formally assesses, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing quarterly basis, whether the designated derivative instruments are highly effective in offsetting changes in the cash flows of the hedged items. When the hedging instrument is sold, expires, is terminated, is exercised, no longer qualifies for hedge accounting, is de-designated, or is no longer probable, hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively.

The Company previously entered into a long-term interest rate swap (“Swap”) to mitigate variability in forecasted interest payments on a portion of the Company’s borrowings under the Term Loan. The Swap expired in November 2021. Under the Swap, on the last business day of each month, the Company received variable interest payments based on one-month LIBOR from the counterparty. The Company paid a fixed rate of 1.565% per annum on the Swap. The Company also entered into an interest rate swaption agreement (“Swaption”), for which the Company paid a fixed annual rate of 0.50%. At inception, the Swap and Swaption (collectively, the "swap contracts") were designated as cash flow hedges for hedge accounting. The unrealized changes in market value were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and any remaining balance will be reclassified into earnings during the period in which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Due to the changes made to the Term Loan as a result of the July 2021 repricing, at that time the Company elected to de-designate the Swap as a cash flow hedge. Accordingly, as the related interest payments were still probable, the accumulated balance within other comprehensive income (loss) as of the de-designation date was amortized into earnings through the November 2021 expiration date.

The Company sold the Swaption in May 2021 for $0.7 million. The Company continued to pay the fixed annual rate for the Swaption through the term of the Swaption, which expired in November 2021.

In July 2021, the Company entered into the Cap that began in December 2021, following the expiration of the Swap. The Company entered into the Cap in order to manage its exposure to interest rate movements on a portion of the Term Loan through the maturity of the Term Loan in November 2026. The Cap provides the Company with the right to receive payment if one-month LIBOR exceeds 1.5%. Beginning in December 2021, the Company pays a fixed monthly premium based on an annual rate of 0.31% for the Cap. The Cap carried a notional amount of $1,000.0 million as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

The Cap is designed to mirror the terms of the Term Loan and to offset the cash flows being hedged. The Company designated the Cap as a cash flow hedge of the variability of the LIBOR-based interest payments on the Term Loan. The effective portion of the Cap's change in fair value will be recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Any ineffective portion of the Cap's change in fair value will be recorded in current earnings as interest expense.

As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had an asset balance of $55.0 million and $19.7 million, respectively, for the fair value of the Cap and a liability balance of $13.6 million and $14.8 million, respectively, for the fair value of the Cap premium. Both the Cap and the Cap premium are recorded net within other assets.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company collectively incurred $0.8 million and $2.7 million, respectively, in net interest expense for the Swap, Swaption and Cap. Gains and losses resulting from fair value adjustments to the Cap are recorded within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets and reclassified to interest expense on the dates that interest payments become due. Cash flows related to the derivative contracts are included in cash flows from operating activities on the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. Over the next 12 months, the Company expects any gains or losses for cash flow hedges amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into earnings to have an immaterial impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

The following table presents the amount of unrealized gain or loss and related tax impact associated with the derivative instruments that the Company recorded in its condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss):

In May 2019, the Company’s stockholders approved the amendment and restatement of the Company’s 2015 Equity Incentive Plan (as so amended and restated, the “Amended 2015 Plan”). As of March 31, 2022, the remaining aggregate number of shares of the Company’s common stock available for future grants under the Amended 2015 Plan was 8,829,642. The Amended 2015 Plan provides for the grant of stock-based awards, including nonqualified stock options, incentive stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), stock appreciation rights and other equity securities to employees, consultants and non-employee directors of the Company and its affiliated entities. The number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the Amended 2015 Plan is reduced by (i) 1 share for each share of common stock issued pursuant to an appreciation award, such as a stock option or stock appreciation right with an exercise or strike price of at least 100% of the fair market value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant, and (ii) 1.8 shares for each share of common stock issued pursuant to any stock award that is not an appreciation award, also known as a “full value award.” The Amended 2015 Plan allows the Company to utilize a broad array of equity incentives and performance cash incentives in order to secure and retain the services of its employees, directors and consultants, and to provide long-term incentives that align the interests of its employees, directors and consultants with the interests of the Company’s stockholders. The Company accounts for stock-based compensation at fair value.

The stock option awards granted to employees generally (i) have a term of ten years, (ii) vest over four years with 25% vesting after the first year of service and the remainder vesting ratably on a quarterly basis thereafter, (iii) are contingent upon employment on the vesting date, and (iv) have an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the underlying shares at the date of grant. The fair value of stock options is determined at the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

The Company historically granted stock options to newly hired and promoted employees but now exclusively utilizes RSUs. The Company did not grant any stock options during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

A summary of the activity of the Company's stock options is as follows:

The RSUs granted to employees for service generally vest over four years, with 25% vesting on the first anniversary of the grant date and the remainder vesting ratably on a quarterly basis thereafter, subject to continued employment. Some RSUs granted to employees for performance vest upon the completion of defined performance goals, subject to continued employment. The RSUs granted to non-employee directors generally vest in full on the first anniversary of the grant date. The RSUs granted to non-employee consultants generally vest 50% on the first anniversary of the grant date, with the remaining 50% vesting quarterly thereafter through the second anniversary of the grant date. The Company’s RSUs are classified as equity awards because the RSUs will be settled in the Company’s common stock upon vesting. The fair value of the RSUs is determined at the grant date based on the closing price of the Company's common stock on the date of grant. The related compensation expense is recognized over the service period, or shorter periods based on the retirement eligibility of certain grantees, and is based on the grant date fair value of the Company’s common stock and the number of shares expected to vest. The fair value of the awards is not remeasured at the end of each reporting period. The RSUs do not carry voting rights until they are vested, and shares are issued upon settlement in accordance with the terms of the award.

The following tables summarize the Company’s RSU activity:

The majority of the annual compensation the Company provides to non-employee members of its board of directors is paid in the form of RSUs. In addition, some members of the Company’s board of directors elect to receive the remainder of their annual compensation, or a portion thereof, in the form of RSUs. An aggregate amount of approximately 54,000 and 35,000 service-based RSUs were granted to the Company’s non-employee directors as a result of these payments and elections during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, with an estimated grant date fair value of $2.1 million and $1.4 million, respectively.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company granted approximately 673,000 and 437,000 service-based RSUs, respectively, to its employees, with an estimated aggregate grant date fair value of $26.4 million and $18.3 million, respectively.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company granted approximately 1,000 service-based RSUs to non-employee consultants, with an immaterial grant date fair value. No grants were made to non-employee consultants during the three months ended March 31, 2021.

In March 2022 and 2021, the Company granted approximately 248,000 and 228,000 annual incentive, performance-based RSUs, respectively, to the Company’s executives and employees (the “Bonus RSUs”), with an estimated grant date fair value of $9.7 million and $9.5 million, respectively. Vesting of the Bonus RSUs is and was dependent upon the Company’s achievement of defined performance goals over the respective fiscal year. The Company records stock-based compensation expense related to performance-based RSUs when it is considered probable that the performance conditions will be met. Management believes it is probable that substantially all of the 2022 Bonus RSUs will vest. The level of achievement, if any, of performance goals will be determined by the compensation committee of the Company’s board of directors and, if such goals are achieved, the

2022 Bonus RSUs will vest, subject to continued employment, in March 2023. All of the 2021 Bonus RSUs vested in March 2022 upon the determination of the level of achievement of the performance goals.

Additionally, in March 2022 and 2021, the Company granted approximately 167,000 and 110,000 long-term, performance-based RSUs, respectively, to the Company’s executives (the “Executive RSUs”). The estimated aggregate grant date fair value of the Executive RSUs for the 2022 and 2021 grants was $6.5 million and $4.6 million, respectively. Vesting of the Executive RSUs is dependent upon the Company’s achievement of defined performance goals over a two-year period. The vesting of Executive RSUs will ultimately range from 0% to 150% of the number of shares underlying the Executive RSUs granted based on the level of achievement of the performance goals. If the Company achieves the performance goals, 50% of the number of Executive RSUs earned based on performance will vest on the second anniversary of the grant date, and the remaining 50% will vest on the third anniversary of the grant date, in each case subject to the executive’s continued service as of the vesting date, which may be accelerated based on the retirement eligibility of certain grantees. During March 2022, approximately 50,000 shares underlying performance-based RSUs granted to the Company’s executives in 2020 were forfeited as a result of performance metrics not being fully achieved. During March 2021, the Company awarded approximately 3,000 additional shares related to performance-based RSUs granted in 2019 to the Company's executives for over-achievement of performance targets.

The Company is authorized to issue 2.0 million shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share. The Company previously issued 1.5 million shares of preferred stock, all of which have converted to common stock. The remaining 0.5 million authorized shares of preferred stock remain undesignated and unissued as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were no outstanding shares of preferred stock.

In February 2021, the Company implemented a stock repurchase program for up to $300.0 million of its common stock through December 31, 2022. In March 2022, the Company expanded the repurchase program to include up to an additional $300.0 million of its common stock through December 31, 2023. These time frames can be extended or shortened by the board of directors. Repurchases are made from time to time on the open market at prevailing prices or in negotiated transactions off the market. All shares are immediately retired upon repurchase in accordance with the board-approved policy. When treasury shares are retired, the Company’s policy is to allocate the excess of the repurchase price over the par value of shares acquired first, to additional paid-in capital, and then to retained earnings. The portion to be allocated to additional paid-in capital is calculated by applying a percentage, determined by dividing the number of shares to be retired by the number of shares outstanding, to the balance of additional paid-in capital as of the date of retirement.

The Company repurchased and subsequently retired 3.8 million and 1.6 million shares of its common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, for a total purchase price of $134.2 million and $59.2 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2022, $302.5 million remained available and authorized for repurchase under the stock repurchase program.

The following table summarizes the Company’s services revenue:

The following table summarizes the Company’s engineering and support services revenue:

Approximately 25% and 34% of the Company's accounts receivable balance at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, was due from prime contracts or subcontracts with agencies of the U.S. government.

The Company's contracts with customers generally do not contain performance obligations with terms in excess of one year. As such, the Company does not disclose details related to the value of performance obligations that are unsatisfied as of the end of the reporting period. The total value of any performance obligations that extend beyond one year is immaterial to the financial statements.

The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed accounts receivable, unbilled receivables (contract assets), and deferred revenue (contract liabilities) on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company bills amounts under its agreed-upon contractual terms at periodic intervals (for services), upon shipment (for equipment), or upon achievement of contractual milestones or as work progresses (for engineering and support services). Billing may occur subsequent to revenue recognition, resulting in unbilled accounts receivable (contract assets). The Company may also receive payments from customers before revenue is recognized, resulting in deferred revenue (contract liabilities). The Company recognized revenue that was previously recorded as deferred revenue in the amounts of $9.4 million and $11.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company has also recorded costs of obtaining contracts expected to be recovered in prepaid expenses and other current assets (contract assets or commissions), that are not separately disclosed on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The commissions are recognized over the estimated usage period. The following table presents contract assets not separately disclosed:

Income before income taxes was $4.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, while the income tax expense was $1.8 million. The effective tax rate was 39.2% which differed from the federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to tax expense associated with U.S. state taxes, nondeductible executive compensation, and non-creditable foreign taxes, which was partially offset by U.S. tax credits and a discrete tax benefit associated with stock compensation.

The Company calculates basic net income (loss) per share by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. In periods of net income, diluted net income per share takes into account the effect of potential dilutive common shares when the effect is dilutive. Potentially dilutive common shares include (i) common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options and (ii) contingently issuable RSUs that are convertible into shares of common stock upon achievement of certain service and performance requirements. The effect of potentially dilutive common shares is computed using the treasury stock method. The RSUs granted to members of the Company’s board of directors contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends and therefore are considered to be participating securities in periods of net income. As a result, the calculation of basic and diluted net income per share excludes net income attributable to the unvested RSUs granted to the Company’s board of directors from the numerator and excludes the impact of the unvested RSUs granted to the Company’s board of directors from the denominator.

The following table summarizes the computations of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share:

Due to the Company’s net loss position for the three months ended March 31, 2021, all potential common stock equivalents were anti-dilutive and therefore excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share. The following table presents the incremental number of shares underlying stock options and RSUs outstanding with anti-dilutive effects:

Aireon has contracted to pay the Company a fee to host the ADS-B receivers on its constellation, as well as fees for power and data services in connection with the delivery of the air traffic surveillance data. Pursuant to an agreement with Aireon (the “Hosting Agreement”), Aireon will pay the Company fees of $200.0 million to host the ADS-B receivers, of which $62.5 million had been paid as of March 31, 2022, as well as power fees of up to approximately $3.7 million per year. Aireon also pays data services fees of $19.8 million per year for the delivery of the air traffic surveillance data under a data transmission services agreement. Pursuant to ASU 2016-02, the Company considers the Hosting Agreement an operating lease. The Company recognized $4.0 million of hosting fee revenue for each of the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021. Aireon receivables under the Hosting Agreement totaled $3.5 million as of March 31, 2022. There were no such receivables as of December 31, 2021. The Company recorded power and data service revenue from Aireon of $5.9 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021.

Under two services agreements, the Company also provides Aireon with administrative services and support services, the fees for which are paid monthly. Aireon receivables due to the Company under these two agreements totaled $2.1 million and $2.2 million as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

The Company and the other Aireon investors have agreed to participate pro-rata, based on their fully diluted ownership stakes, in funding an investor bridge loan to Aireon. The Company’s maximum funding commitment for the bridge loan is $10.7 million.

You should read the following discussion along with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, filed on February 17, 2022 with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, as well as our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.

This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. For this purpose, any statements contained herein that are not statements of historical fact may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements include those that express plans, anticipation, intent, contingencies, goals, targets or future development or otherwise are not statements of historical fact. Without limiting the foregoing, the words “believe,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “expect,” “intend” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and projections about future events, and they are subject to risks and uncertainties, known and unknown, that could cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those expressed or implied in such statements. These risks and uncertainties may be amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic and its impacts on our business and the global economy. The important factors described under the caption “Risk Factors” in this report and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, filed on February 17, 2022, could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated by forward-looking statements made herein. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

We are engaged primarily in providing mobile voice and data communications services using a constellation of orbiting satellites. We are the only commercial provider of communications services offering true global coverage, connecting people, organizations and assets to and from anywhere, in real time. Our low-earth orbit (LEO), L-band network provides reliable, weather-resilient communications services to regions of the world where terrestrial wireless or wireline networks do not exist or are limited, including remote land areas, open ocean, airways, the polar regions, and regions where the telecommunications infrastructure has been affected by political conflicts or natural disasters.

We provide voice and data communications services to businesses, the U.S. and foreign governments, non-governmental organizations and consumers via our satellite network, which has an architecture of 66 operational satellites with in-orbit and ground spares and related ground infrastructure. We utilize an interlinked mesh architecture to route traffic across the satellite constellation using radio frequency crosslinks between satellites. This unique architecture minimizes the need for ground facilities to support the constellation, which facilitates the global reach of our services and allows us to offer services in countries and regions where we have no physical presence.

At March 31, 2022, we had approximately 1,781,000 billable subscribers worldwide, representing an increase of 17% from approximately 1,518,000 billable subscribers at March 31, 2021. We have a diverse customer base, with end users in the following lines of business: land mobile, maritime, aviation, Internet of Things, or IoT, hosted payloads and other data services and the U.S. government.

We recognize revenue from both the provision of services and the sale of equipment. Over the past several years, service revenue, including revenue from hosting and data services, has represented an increasing proportion of our revenue, and we expect that trend to continue.

Our industry and customer base have historically grown as a result of:

Nonetheless, we face a number of challenges and uncertainties in operating our business, including:

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, total commercial services revenue increased $9.2 million, or 10%, from the prior year period primarily as a result of increases in IoT, voice and data, and broadband revenue. These increases were driven primarily by increases in billable subscribers across all commercial service lines. Commercial IoT revenue increased $3.6 million, or 15%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the same period of the prior year. The increase in IoT revenue was driven by a 24% increase in IoT billable subscribers due to continued strength in consumer personal communications devices, as well as the lifting of many mobility restrictions that had been imposed due to COVID-19. The effect on revenue of increased subscribers was partially offset by a 7% reduction in IoT ARPU, primarily due to the increased proportion of personal communication subscribers using lower ARPU plans, countered in part by an increase in usage and ARPU by aviation subscribers due to increases in air travel from the prior year quarter. Commercial voice and data revenue increased $3.5 million, or 8%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the same period of the prior year. This increase was primarily due to an increase in volume across all voice and data services. Commercial broadband revenue increased $2.1 million, or 22%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the prior year period, driven by an increase in broadband billable subscribers and an increase in ARPU associated with the increase in the mix of subscribers utilizing higher ARPU Iridium Certus broadband plans. Hosted payload and other service revenue remained flat for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the prior year period, at $14.8 million.

We provide airtime and airtime support to U.S. government and other authorized customers pursuant to our Enhanced Mobile Satellite Services contract, or the EMSS Contract. Under the terms of this agreement, which we entered into in September 2019, authorized customers utilize specified Iridium airtime services provided through the U.S. government’s dedicated gateway. The fee is not based on subscribers or usage, allowing an unlimited number of users access to these services. The annual rate under the EMSS Contract increased from $103.0 million to $106.0 million during the third quarter of 2021.

Subscriber equipment revenue increased by $9.8 million, or 41%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the prior year period, primarily due to an increase in the volume of all device sales.

Engineering and support service revenue increased by $2.0 million or 31% for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the prior year period, primarily due to the episodic nature of contract work under certain government contracts.

Cost of services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) includes the cost of network engineering and operations staff, including contractors, software maintenance, product support services and cost of services for government and commercial engineering and support service revenue.

Cost of services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) increased by $0.9 million, or 4%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022 from the prior year period, primarily as a result of the increase in work under certain government engineering contracts, as noted above. This increase was offset by lower network operation costs.

Cost of subscriber equipment includes the direct costs of equipment sold, which consist of manufacturing costs, allocation of overhead, and warranty costs.

Cost of subscriber equipment increased by $7.5 million, or 57%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the prior year period primarily due to an increase in volume of all device sales. The percentage increase of subscriber equipment costs exceeded the percentage increase in subscriber equipment revenue primarily due to a change in the product and customer mix.

Research and development expenses decreased by $0.1 million, or 4%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the prior year period based on consistent spending on device-related features for our network.

Selling, general and administrative expenses that are not directly attributable to the sale of services or products include sales and marketing costs, as well as employee-related expenses (such as salaries, wages, and benefits), legal, finance, information technology, facilities, billing and customer care expenses.

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $3.4 million, or 15%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the prior year period, primarily due to higher management incentive and other equity compensation costs incurred in the current year quarter as compared to the prior year quarter. The increase was partially offset by lower stock appreciation rights expense in the current year quarter resulting from changes in our stock valuation between the respective reporting periods. We expect selling, general and administrative expense to increase by approximately 20% in 2022 primarily related to stock compensation costs.

Depreciation and amortization expense remained relatively flat compared to the prior year period. We anticipate depreciation and amortization expense to remain relatively consistent from quarter to quarter based on our anticipated capital expenditures.

Interest expense, net decreased $8.2 million, or 36%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the prior year period. The decrease resulted primarily from a decrease in the interest rate for the Term Loan following the July 2021 repricing.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, our income tax expense was $1.8 million, compared to income tax benefit of $8.6 million for the prior year period. The increase in income tax expense is primarily related to pre-tax book income in 2022 compared to the prior year pre-tax book loss plus (i) a decreased stock compensation tax benefit, (ii) tax expense from an increase in nondeductible executive compensation, and (iii) tax expense resulting from non-creditable foreign taxes due to a 2022 law change.

Net income was $2.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to a net loss of $5.2 million for the prior year period. The change was primarily a result of an $10.2 million increase in operating income and an $8.2 million decrease in interest expense, net, offset by the $10.4 million increase in income tax expense as described above.

As of March 31, 2022, we reported an aggregate balance of $1,617.0 million in borrowings under the Term Loan, before $22.0 million of net deferred financing costs, for a net principal balance of $1,595.0 million outstanding in our condensed consolidated balance sheet. We have not drawn on our Revolving Facility.

Our Term Loan contains no financial maintenance covenants. With respect to the Revolving Facility, we are required to maintain a consolidated first lien net leverage ratio of no greater than 6.25 to 1 if more than 35% of the Revolving Facility has been drawn. The Credit Agreement contains other customary representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants, and events of default. We were in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Agreement as of March 31, 2022.

The Credit Agreement restricts our ability to incur liens, engage in mergers or asset sales, pay dividends, repay subordinated indebtedness, incur indebtedness, make investments and loans, and engage in other transactions as specified in the Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement provides for specified exceptions, including baskets measured as a percentage of trailing twelve months of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, or EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement), and unlimited exceptions based on achievement and maintenance of specified leverage ratios, for, among other things, incurring indebtedness and liens and making investments, restricted payments for dividends and share repurchases, and payments of subordinated indebtedness. The Credit Agreement permits repayment, prepayment, and repricing transactions. The Credit Agreement also contains a mandatory prepayment sweep mechanism with respect to a portion of our excess cash flow (as defined in the Credit Agreement), which is phased out based on achievement and maintenance of specified leverage ratios. As of December 31, 2021, our leverage ratio was below the specified level, and we were not required to make a mandatory prepayment with respect to 2021 cash flows.

As of March 31, 2022, we had entered into non-cancelable purchase obligations of approximately $35.2 million for inventory purchases with Benchmark Electronics, Inc., or Benchmark, our primary third-party vendor. Our purchase obligations, all of which are due during 2022, increased by $3.2 million from December 31, 2021 due to increased demand and recovery from supply-chain constraints experienced during 2021.

As of March 31, 2022, our total cash and cash equivalents balance was $232.0 million, down from $320.9 million as of December 31, 2021, principally as a result of the $134.2 million in repurchases of our common stock in the first quarter, offset by internally generated cash flows. We also had $100.0 million of borrowing availability under our Revolving Facility. In addition to the Revolving Facility, our principal sources of liquidity are internally generated cash flows. Other than the purchase obligation noted above, our principal liquidity requirements over the next twelve months are primarily (i) required principal and

We believe our liquidity sources will provide sufficient funds for us to meet our liquidity requirements for at least the next 12 months.

Our material long-term cash requirement is the repayment of the remaining principal amount under the Term Loan upon its maturity in 2026, which is expected to be $1,555.1 million. We expect to refinance this amount at or prior to maturity.

The following table summarizes our cash flows:

Net cash provided by operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2022 increased $15.0 million from the prior year period. Net income (loss), as adjusted for non-cash activities, improved by $22.0 million over the prior year, primarily as a result of improved profitability. Improved profitability was offset by changes in working capital of approximately $7.0 million. Cash flows from working capital decreased primarily as a result of an increase in accounts receivable due to increased sales across all revenue types. Cash flows from working capital were offset by increased cash flows related to timing of payments to vendors and recognition of deferred revenue.

Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2022 increased by $4.2 million as compared to the prior year period due to increased capital expenditures. We continue to expect our capital expenditures to average approximately $40.0 million per year until 2029, exclusive of any costs we may incur to launch our ground spares.

Our results of operations have been subject to seasonal usage changes for commercial customers, and our results will be affected by similar seasonality going forward. March through October are typically the peak months for commercial voice services revenue and related subscriber equipment sales. U.S. government revenue and commercial IoT revenue have been less subject to seasonal usage changes.

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires the use of estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, useful lives of property and equipment, long-lived assets and other intangible assets, deferred financing costs, income taxes, stock-based compensation, and other estimates. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

There have been no changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates from those described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, as filed with the SEC on February 17, 2022.

We had an outstanding aggregate balance of $1,617.0 million under the Term Loan as of March 31, 2022. Our Cap began in December 2021, which manages our exposure to interest rate movements on a portion of our Term Loan. The Cap provides the right to receive payment if one-month LIBOR exceeds 1.5%. For the portion of the Term Loan not covered under our hedging arrangements, we pay interest at an annual rate equal to the London Interbank Offered Rate, or LIBOR, plus 2.5%, with a 0.75% LIBOR floor. Accordingly, we are subject to interest rate fluctuations in future periods. A one-half percentage point increase or decrease in the LIBOR would not have had a material impact on our interest cost for the period.

We have not borrowed under our Revolving Facility. Accordingly, although the Revolving Facility bears interest at LIBOR plus 3.75%, without a LIBOR floor, if and as drawn, we are not currently exposed to fluctuations in interest rates with respect to our Revolving Facility.

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, as well as accounts receivable. We maintain our cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions with high credit ratings and at times maintain the balance of our deposits in excess of federally insured limits. A significant portion of our cash is held in a money market fund invested in U.S. treasuries, agency mortgage-backed securities and/or U.S. government-guaranteed debt. Accounts receivable are due from both domestic and international customers. We perform credit evaluations of our customers’ financial condition and record reserves to provide for estimated credit losses. Accounts payable are owed to both domestic and international vendors.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer, who is our principal executive officer, and our chief financial officer, who is our principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this report. In evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs. In addition, the design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

Based on this evaluation, our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2022, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

There are no material pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to our business.

Our business is subject to risks and events that, if they occur, could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations and the trading price of our securities. In addition to the other information set forth in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the factors described in “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 17, 2022, as supplemented by the following updated risk factor.

We provide satellite communications services in Russia through two local subsidiaries employing 34 people and authorized Russian service providers, using a dedicated gateway in Russia. In 2021, revenue from our operations in Russia represented approximately 2.3% of our total revenue, including approximately 2.5% of our total service revenue and 2.4% of our equipment revenue. As a result of Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, we have ceased shipment of equipment to Russia, as well as making other adjustments to our operations in light of U.S. and international sanctions. Further, our sales in Russia are conducted in rubles and then translated to U.S. dollars in our financial results. The value of the ruble has fluctuated substantially since the invasion, which may affect our reported revenues. As a result of these factors, we expect significantly reduced revenue from our operations in Russia in 2022.

In addition, we may in the future choose or be required to further limit or cease operations in Russia entirely, in which case we will no longer receive any revenue from those operations. We could also incur significant expenses as a result of the process of shutting down operations in Russia.

In February 2021, our board of directors approved the repurchase of up to $300.0 million of our common stock through December 31, 2022. In March 2022, our board of directors approved the repurchase of up to an additional $300.0 million of our common stock through December 31, 2023. All shares listed above were purchased under these authorizations in open market transactions.

Not applicable.

None.

The following list of exhibits includes exhibits submitted with this Form 10-Q as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 Date: April 19, 2022