Esperion Therapeutics (ESPR) 10-Q2024 Q3 Quarterly report

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

As of November 1, 2024, there were 197,035,171 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share, outstanding.

Esperion Therapeutics, Inc. ("the Company” or "Esperion") is a commercial stage biopharmaceutical company currently focused on bringing new medicines to patients that address unmet medical needs. The Company has developed and is commercializing U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) approved oral, once-daily, non-statin medicines for patients who are at risk for cardiovascular disease and are struggling with elevated low density lipoprotein cholesterol ("LDL-C"). Through commercial execution, international partnerships and collaborations and advancement of its pre-clinical pipeline, the Company continues to evolve into a leading global biopharmaceutical company.

The Company's lead products, NEXLETOL® (bempedoic acid) tablets and NEXLIZET® (bempedoic acid and ezetimibe) tablets, are oral, once-daily, non-statin medicines indicated to reduce the risk of myocardial infarction and coronary revascularization in adults who are unable to take recommended statin therapy (including those not taking a statin) with established cardiovascular disease ("CVD"), or at high risk for a CVD event but without established CVD, and to reduce LDL-C in adults with primary hyperlipidemia. The Company's products were approved by the FDA, European Medicines Agency ("EMA") and Swiss Agency for Therapeutic Products ("Swissmedic") in 2020. The FDA approved expanded indications for NEXLETOL and NEXLIZET tablets in March 2024. The EMA approved expanded indications for NILEMDO® (bempedoic acid) tablets and NUSTENDI® (bempedoic acid and ezetimibe) tablets in May 2024. In addition, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd ("Otsuka"), Esperion’s Japanese collaborator, announced that the primary endpoint of LDL-C reduction from baseline at Week 12 was achieved with statistical significance in the Phase 3 clinical trial in Japan for bempedoic acid as a treatment for hypercholesterolemia. Otsuka plans to file a New Drug Application ("NDA") in Japan by the end of 2024, with expected approval and National Health Insurance ("NHI") pricing in 2025. The Company plans to file supplemental New Drug Applications for product approvals in Canada in the fourth quarter of 2024 and in Australia and Israel in the first half of 2025.

On January 2, 2024, the Company entered into a settlement agreement with Daiichi Sankyo Europe GmbH ("DSE") to amicably resolve and dismiss the commercial dispute then pending in the Southern District of New York ("Settlement Agreement"). Under the Settlement Agreement, DSE agreed to pay the Company an aggregate of $125.0 million, including (1) a $100.0-million payment within 15 business days of the effective date of the Settlement Agreement and (2) a $25.0-million payment received in the second quarter of 2024 after the EMA rendered a decision on the application that was filed with the EMA for a Type II(a) variation for the Company's oral non-statin products marketed as NILEMDO tablets and NUSTENDI tablets in Europe. The legal action pending in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York has now been dismissed. Refer to Note 3 "Collaborations with Third Parties" and Note 5 "Commitments and Contingencies" for further information.

On January 18, 2024, the Company entered into an Underwriting Agreement (the "Underwriting Agreement") with Jefferies LLC ("Jefferies"), as representative of several underwriters (the "Underwriters"), related to an underwritten public offering (the "January 2024 Offering") of 56,700,000 shares of Common Stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share, at a purchase price to the public of $1.50 per share. The Underwriters were also granted a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 8,505,000 shares of Common Stock, at the public offering price. On January 19, 2024, Jefferies gave notice to the Company of its election to exercise the option to purchase additional shares, in full. Giving effect to the exercise of Underwriters' option, the January Offering closed on January 23, 2024, with proceeds to the Company of approximately $90.7 million, after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses of $7.1 million.

On March 22, 2024, the Company announced that the FDA approved new label expansions for NEXLETOL and NEXLIZET based on positive CLEAR Outcomes data that include indications for cardiovascular risk reduction and expanded LDL-C lowering in both primary and secondary prevention patients. In addition, the enhanced labels support the use of NEXLETOL and NEXLIZET either alone or in combination with statins. They also include new indications for primary hyperlipidemia, alone or in combination with a statin, and are now the only LDL-C lowering non-statin drugs indicated for primary prevention patients.

On May 22, 2024, the Company announced that the European Commission ("EC") approved the label update of both NILEMDO and NUSTENDI as treatments for hypercholesterolemia and to reduce the risk of adverse cardiovascular events. The EC’s decisions to update the labels of bempedoic acid and the bempedoic acid / ezetimibe fixed dose combination are based on the positive CLEAR Outcomes trial results and makes them the first and only LDL-C lowering treatments indicated for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events. NILEMDO and NUSTENDI are approved to reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with or at high risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

On June 27, 2024, the Company entered into a Royalty Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with OCM IP Healthcare Portfolio LP (“OMERS”), a limited partnership formed under the laws of the Province of Ontario, Canada (the “Purchaser”). Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company sold to the Purchaser, and the Purchaser purchased for $304,656,180, a portion of the royalties payable on net sales of Bempedoic Acid (as defined in the License and Collaboration Agreement) and any other Licensed Products (as defined in the License and Collaboration Agreement) in the DSE Territory (as defined in the License and Collaboration Agreement) pursuant to the License and Collaboration Agreement dated January 2, 2019, between Daiichi Sankyo Europe GMBH and the Company, as amended (the “License and Collaboration Agreement” and such royalties being the “Royalty Interests”).

The Purchaser acquired 100% of the Royalty Interests until such time as the Purchaser has received an aggregate amount equal to 1.700x of the Purchase Price (equivalent to $517,915,506). Following receipt of such amount, 100% of all Royalty Interests will revert to the Company. The Purchase Agreement contains other customary terms and conditions, including representations and warranties, covenants and indemnification obligations in favor of each party. Refer to Note 9 "Sale of Future Royalties" for further information.

The Company's primary activities since incorporation have been conducting research and development activities, including nonclinical, preclinical and clinical testing, performing business and financial planning, recruiting personnel, raising capital, and commercializing its products. The Company received approval by the FDA in February 2020 to commercialize NEXLETOL and NEXLIZET in the U.S., and accordingly commenced principal operations on March 30, 2020 with the commercialization of NEXLETOL. The Company is subject to risks and uncertainties which include the need to successfully commercialize its products, research, develop, and clinically test therapeutic products; obtain regulatory approvals for its products; successfully manage relationships with its collaboration partners; expand its management, commercial and scientific staff; and finance its operations with an ultimate goal of achieving profitable operations.

The Company has sustained annual operating losses since inception and expects such losses to continue over the foreseeable future. While management believes current cash resources and future cash received from the Company's net product sales and collaboration agreements with DSE, Otsuka, and Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd ("DS"), entered into on January 2, 2019,

April 17, 2020 and April 26, 2021, respectively, will fund operations for the foreseeable future, management may continue to fund operations and advance the development of the Company's products and product candidates through a combination of collaborations with third parties, strategic alliances, licensing arrangements, debt financings, royalty-based financings, and private and public equity offerings or through other sources. If adequate funds are not available, the Company may not be able to continue the development of its current products or future product candidates, or to commercialize its current or future product candidates, if approved.

The accompanying condensed interim financial statements are unaudited and were prepared by the Company in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). In the opinion of management, the Company has made all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and results of operations for the interim periods presented. Certain information and disclosures normally included in the annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP, but that is not required for interim reporting purposes, have been condensed or omitted. These condensed interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023, and the notes thereto, which are included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for a full year, any other interim periods or any future year or period.

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, net revenues, expenses and related disclosures. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

The Company invests its excess cash in bank deposits, money market accounts, and short-term investments. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of 90 days or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are reported at fair value.

Investments are considered to be available-for-sale and are carried at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses, if any, are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The cost of investments classified as available-for-sale are adjusted for the amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity and recorded in other income, net. Realized gains and losses, if any, are determined using the specific identification method and recorded in other income, net. Investments with original maturities beyond 90 days at the date of purchase and which mature at, or less than twelve months from, the balance sheet date are classified as current. Investments with a maturity beyond twelve months from the balance sheet date are classified as long-term.

The Company enters into a limited number of distribution agreements with distributors and specialty pharmacies. The Company's net product sales are with these customers. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, eleven customers accounted for all of the Company's net trade receivables. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, three customers held approximately 98% and 96% of the Company's trade receivables associated with net product sales, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, three customers accounted for approximately 98% and 95% of gross sales of NEXLETOL and NEXLIZET, respectively.

the contract; determine the transaction price; allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and recognize revenue when or as the entity satisfies a performance obligation. At contract inception, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract and determines those that are performance obligations and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when or as the performance obligation is satisfied. The Company derives revenue through two primary sources: collaboration revenue and product sales. Collaboration revenue consists of the collaboration payments to the Company for collaboration arrangements outside of the United States for the development, manufacturing and commercialization, including royalties, of the Company's product candidates by the Company's partners and product sales consists of sales of NEXLETOL and NEXLIZET.

The Company has entered into agreements related to its activities to develop, manufacture, and commercialize its product candidates. The Company earns collaboration revenue in connection with a collaboration agreement to develop and/or commercialize product candidates where the Company deems the collaborator to be the customer. Revenue is recognized when (or as) the Company satisfies performance obligations under the terms of a contract. Depending on the terms of the arrangement, the Company may defer the recognition of all or a portion of the consideration received as the performance obligations are satisfied.

The collaboration agreements may require the Company to deliver various rights, services, and/or goods across the entire life cycle of a product or product candidate. In an agreement involving multiple goods or services promised to be transferred to a customer, the Company must assess, at the inception of the contract, whether each promise represents a separate performance obligation (i.e., is "distinct"), or whether such promises should be combined as a single performance obligation.

The terms of the agreement typically include consideration to be provided to the Company in the form of non-refundable up-front payments, development milestones, sales milestones, and royalties on sales of products within a respective territory. The Company recognizes regulatory and approval milestones as consideration when it is probable that a future reversal is unlikely to occur. For sales-based milestones and royalties based on sales of product in a territory, the Company applies the sales-based royalty exception in ASC 606-10-55-65 to all of these milestones and royalties.

At the inception of the contract, the transaction price reflects the amount of consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to its customer. In the arrangement where the Company satisfies performance obligation(s) during the regulatory phase over time, the Company recognizes collaboration revenue typically using an input method on the basis of regulatory costs incurred relative to the total expected cost which determines the extent of progress toward completion. The Company reviews the estimate of the transaction price and the total expected cost each period and makes revisions to such estimates as necessary. Under contracted supply agreements with collaborators, the Company, through its third party contract manufacturing partners, may manufacture and supply quantities of active pharmaceutical ingredient (“API”) or bulk tablets reasonably required by collaboration partners for the development or sale of licensed products in their respective territory. The Company recognizes revenue when the collaboration partner has obtained control of the API or bulk tablets. The Company records the costs related to the supply agreement in cost of goods sold on the condensed statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Under the Company's collaboration agreements, product sales and cost of sales may be recorded by the Company's collaborators as they are deemed to be the principal in the transaction. The Company receives royalties from the commercialization of such products, and records its share of the variable consideration, representing a percentage of net product sales, as collaboration revenue in the period in which such underlying sales occur and costs are incurred by the collaborator. On May 22, 2024, the Company announced that the EC approved the label update of both NILEMDO and NUSTENDI as treatments for hypercholesterolemia and to reduce the risk of adverse cardiovascular events. The EC’s decisions to update the labels of bempedoic acid and bempedoic acid / ezetimibe FDC are based on the positive CLEAR Outcomes trial results and makes them the first and only LDL-C lowering treatments indicated for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events. NILEMDO and NUSTENDI are approved to reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with or at high risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

On February 21, 2020, the Company announced that the FDA approved NEXLETOL as an adjunct to diet and maximally tolerated statin therapy for the treatment of adults with HeFH or established ASCVD who require additional lowering of LDL-C. On February 26, 2020, the Company announced that the FDA approved NEXLIZET as an adjunct to diet and maximally tolerated statin therapy for the treatment of adults with HeFH or established ASCVD who require additional lowering of LDL-C. On March 30, 2020, NEXLETOL was commercially available in the U.S. through prescription and on June 4, 2020, NEXLIZET was commercially available in the U.S. through prescription. On March 22, 2024, the Company announced that the FDA approved new label expansions for NEXLETOL and NEXLIZET based on positive CLEAR Outcomes data that include indications for cardiovascular risk reduction and expanded LDL-C lowering in both primary and secondary prevention patients. In addition, the enhanced labels support the use of NEXLETOL and NEXLIZET either alone or in combination with statins. They also include new indications for primary hyperlipidemia, alone or in combination with a statin. Product sales, net totaled $31.1 million and $84.2 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, and $20.3 million and $57.6 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

The Company sells NEXLETOL and NEXLIZET to wholesalers in the U.S. and, in accordance with ASC 606, recognizes revenue at the point in time when the customer is deemed to have obtained control of the product. The customer is deemed to have obtained control of the product at the time of physical receipt of the product at the customers’ distribution facilities, or free on board (“FOB”) destination, the terms of which are designated in the contract.

Product sales are recorded at the net selling price, which includes estimates of variable consideration for which reserves are established for (a) rebates and chargebacks, (b) co-pay assistance programs, (c) distribution fees, (d) product returns, and (e) other discounts. Where appropriate, these estimates take into consideration a range of possible outcomes which are probability-weighted for relevant factors such as current contractual and statutory requirements, and forecasted customer buying and payment patterns. Overall, these reserves reflect the Company's best estimates of the amount of consideration to which it is entitled based on the terms of the applicable contract. The amount of variable consideration may be constrained and is included in the net sales price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue recognized will not occur in a future period. Given the early stage of the Company’s commercial operations it has provided constraint of its variable consideration due to its potential consumption trends. Actual amounts of consideration ultimately received may differ from the Company's estimates. If actual results in the future vary from estimates, the Company adjusts these estimates, which would affect net product revenue and earnings in the period such variances become known.

Liabilities for co-pay assistance, expected product returns, rebates, and distributor fees are classified as “Accrued variable consideration” in the condensed balance sheets. Discounts, such as prompt pay discounts, and chargebacks are recorded as a reduction to accounts receivable in the condensed balance sheets.

expected returns are based primarily on an ongoing analysis of sales information and visibility into the inventory remaining in the distribution channel.

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value and recognized on a first-in, first-out ("FIFO") method. The Company uses standard cost to determine the cost basis for inventory. Inventory is capitalized based on when future economic benefit is expected to be realized.

The Company analyzes its inventory levels on a periodic basis to determine if any inventory is at risk for expiration prior to sale or has a cost basis that is greater than its estimated future net realizable value. Any adjustments are recognized through cost of goods sold in the period in which they are incurred.

The Company treats the sale of future DSE royalties as debt, amortized under the effective interest rate method over the estimated life of the royalty sale agreement. The royalty sale liability is presented net of deferred issuance costs on the balance sheets. The amortization of the liability related to future royalties and related interest expense are based on the Company's current estimates of future royalties, which the Company determines by using third-party forecasts of sales and other relevant information. The Company periodically assesses the forecasted sales and to the extent the amount or timing of future estimated royalty payments is materially different than previous estimates, the Company will account for any such change by adjusting the liability related to the sale of future royalties and prospectively recognize the related non-cash interest expense. Royalty revenue is recognized and the related liability reduced as earned.

There have been no other material changes to the significant accounting policies previously disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

Pursuant to the DSE Agreement, the Company received upfront cash of $150.0 million in 2019 and a $150.0 million cash milestone payment in 2020 following the completion of the NUSTENDI Marketing Authorisation Applications ("MAA"). The Company is responsible for supplying DSE with certain manufacturing supply of the API or bulk tablets. In addition, the Company is eligible to receive additional sales milestone payments related to total net sales achievements for DSE in the DSE Territory. Finally, the Company is entitled to receive tiered fifteen percent (15%) to twenty-five percent (25%) royalties on net DSE Territory sales.

The DSE Agreement calls for both parties to participate in a Joint Collaboration Committee (the “DSE JCC”). The DSE JCC is comprised of executive management from each company and the Company will lead in all aspects related to development and DSE will lead in all aspects related to commercialization in the DSE Territory.

All remaining future potential milestone amounts were not included in the transaction price, as they were all determined to be fully constrained following the concepts of ASC 606 due to the fact that such amounts hinge on sales-based milestones. Additionally, the Company expects that any consideration related to sales-based milestones will be recognized when the subsequent sales occur.

On April 17, 2020, the Company entered into a license and collaboration agreement (the "Otsuka Agreement") with Otsuka. Pursuant to the Otsuka Agreement, the Company granted Otsuka exclusive development and commercialization rights to NEXLETOL and NEXLIZET in Japan (the "Otsuka Territory"). Otsuka will be responsible for all development, regulatory, and commercialization activities in Japan. In addition, Otsuka will fund all clinical development costs associated with the program in Japan.

Pursuant to the Otsuka Agreement, the consideration consists of a $60.0 million upfront cash payment and the Company will be eligible to receive additional payments of up to $450.0 million if certain regulatory and commercial milestones are achieved by Otsuka. The potential future milestone payments include up to $20.0 million upon first JNDA submissions in the Otsuka Territory, up to $70.0 million upon the first NHI Price Listing (as defined in the Otsuka Agreement) for NEXLETOL in the Otsuka Territory, and following Regulatory Approval and NHI Price Listing, up to $50.0 million upon the achievement of the primary major adverse cardiovascular events (“MACE”) endpoint in the CLEAR Outcomes study and the CV risk reduction rate in the U.S. label, depending on the range of relative risk reduction in the CLEAR Outcomes study. In addition, the Company is eligible to receive additional sales milestone payments up to $310.0 million related to total net sales achievements for Otsuka in Japan. Finally, the Company is entitled to receive tiered fifteen percent (15%) to thirty percent (30%) royalties on net sales in Japan.

The Company considered the guidance under ASC 606 and concluded that the agreement was in the scope of ASC 606. In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized collaboration revenue of less than $0.1 million and approximately $0.1 million, respectively, related to sales of bulk tablets to Otsuka pursuant to the supply agreement that was executed with Otsuka. In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized $0.1 million in collaboration revenue related to sales of bulk tablets to Otsuka pursuant to the Otsuka Agreement.

All future potential milestone amounts were not included in the transaction price, as they were all determined to be fully constrained following the concepts of ASC 606 due to the fact that such amounts hinge on development activities, regulatory approvals and sales-based milestones. Additionally, the Company expects that any consideration related to royalties and sales-based milestones will be recognized when the subsequent sales occur.

The Company has not yet recognized any revenue for milestone payments as the related regulatory and commercial milestones have not yet been achieved.

In April 2021, the Company entered into a license and collaboration agreement with Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd (the "DS Agreement"). Pursuant to the DS Agreement, the Company granted DS exclusive rights to develop and commercialize bempedoic acid and the bempedoic acid / ezetimibe combination tablet in South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Thailand, Vietnam, Brazil, Macao, Cambodia and Myanmar (collectively, the "DS Territory"). The DS Agreement allows for potential expansion across geographies including Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman, UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, Yemen, Colombia and other Latin American countries. Except for certain development activities in South Korea and Taiwan, DS will be responsible for development and commercialization in these territories. In addition, DS will fund all development costs associated with the program in the DS Territory. Pursuant to the DS Agreement, the consideration consists of a $30.0 million upfront cash payment that is non-refundable, non-reimbursable and non-creditable. The Company is also eligible to receive additional one-time payments of up to $175.0 million if certain commercial milestones are achieved by DS. Also, the Company is entitled to receive tiered royalties of five percent (5%) to twenty percent (20%) of net sales in the DS Territory.

Pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, on January 2, 2024, the Company entered into the 1st Amendment (the “DS Amendment”) to the License and Collaboration Agreement with DS. The DS Amendment grants DS exclusive rights for clinical development, regulatory activities, manufacture and commercialization of a bempedoic acid/ezetimibe/statin triple combination pill in the DS Territory. Further, after a transition period, DS will assume sole responsibility for the manufacture of NILEMDO and NUSTENDI for the DS Territory.

All future potential milestone amounts were not included in the transaction price, as they were all determined to be fully constrained following the concepts of ASC 606 due to the fact that such amounts hinge on development activities, regulatory approvals and sales-based milestones. Additionally, the Company expects that any consideration related to royalties and sales-based milestones will be recognized when the subsequent sales occur.

On March 27, 2023, the Company filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York seeking declaratory judgment against DSE regarding the Company’s right to receive a $300.0 million milestone payment upon inclusion of cardiovascular risk reduction in the EU label that correlates with a relative risk reduction rate of at least 20%, based on the results of the CLEAR Outcomes CVOT. On May 4, 2023, the Company filed an amended complaint against DSE in the Southern District of New York seeking a judicial declaration, on an expedited basis, that DSE is contractually required to make a $300.0 million milestone payment to the Company upon applicable regulatory approval. On June 20, 2023, DSE filed a response to the amended complaint.

On January 2, 2024, the Company entered into the Settlement Agreement with DSE to amicably resolve and dismiss the commercial dispute then pending in the Southern District of New York. Under the Settlement Agreement, DSE agreed to pay the Company an aggregate of $125.0 million, including (1) a $100.0-million payment within 15 business days of the effective date of the Settlement Agreement and (2) a $25.0-million payment in the calendar quarter immediately following the calendar quarter in which the EMA renders a decision on the application that was filed with the EMA for a Type II(a) variation for the Company's oral non-statin products marketed as NILEMDO® (bempedoic acid) tablets and NUSTENDI® (bempedoic acid and ezetimibe) tablets in Europe. The legal action pending in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York has now been dismissed. Refer to Note 3 “Collaborations with Third Parties” for further information.

Starting in March 2024, the Company received notices from nine pharmaceutical companies, six of which filed exclusively with respect to NEXLETOL and four of which filed with respect to NEXLETOL and NEXLIZET (each, an “ANDA Filer”), notifying the Company that each company had filed an Abbreviated New Drug Application (“ANDA”) with the FDA seeking approval of a generic version of NEXLETOL and/or NEXLIZET in the United States, as applicable. The ANDAs each contained Paragraph IV certifications alleging that certain of the Company’s Orange Book listed patents covering NEXLETOL or NEXLIZET, as applicable, are invalid and/or will not be infringed by each ANDA Filer’s manufacture, use or sale of the medicine for which the ANDA was submitted.

Under the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984, or the Hatch-Waxman Act to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the “FDCA”), the Company had 45 days from receipt of the notice letters to commence patent infringement lawsuits against these generic drug manufacturers in a federal district court to trigger a stay precluding the FDA’s approval of any ANDA from being effective any earlier than 7.5 years from the date of approval of the NEXLETOL or NEXLIZET, as applicable, new drug application or entry of judgment holding the patents invalid, unenforceable, or not infringed, whichever occurs first.

Beginning in May 2024, the Company filed patent infringement lawsuits under the Hatch-Waxman Act in the United States District Court, District of New Jersey, against each ANDA Filer: Accord Healthcare Inc.; Alkem Laboratories Ltd.; Aurobindo Pharma Limited (along with an affiliate); Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Inc. (along with an affiliate); Hetero USA Inc. (along with affiliates); Micro Labs USA Inc. (along with an affiliate); MSN Pharmaceuticals Inc. (along with an affiliate); Renata Limited; and Sandoz Inc. The Company’s complaints allege that by filing the applicable ANDA, such ANDA Filer has infringed NEXLETOL’s and/or NEXLIZET’s Orange Book patents, as applicable, included in its Paragraph IV certifications, and seek an injunction preventing the FDA from granting final approval of the ANDA before the expiration of the asserted patents, and a permanent injunction to prevent the ANDA Filer from commercializing a generic version of NEXLETOL and/or NEXLIZET, as applicable, until the expiration of the asserted patents. No trial date has been set.

The following table summarizes the Company’s cash equivalents (in thousands):

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, other income, net in the statements of operations includes interest income on cash equivalents of $1.6 million and $6.4 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, other income, net in the statements of operations includes interest income on cash equivalents and investments of $1.2 million and $3.5 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, there was no accretion of premiums and discounts on investments. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, there was no accretion of premiums and discounts on investments. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, other income, net in the statements of operations includes $0.4 million of accretion of premiums and discounts on investments.

There were no unrealized gains or losses on investments reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to other income in the statements of operations during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, there were no allowances for credit losses and all unrealized gains (losses) for available-for-sale securities were recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). As of September 30, 2024, the Company had no accrued interest receivables.

The Company follows accounting guidance that emphasizes that fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement. Fair value is defined as “the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.” Fair value measurements are defined on a three level hierarchy:

There were no transfers between Levels 1, 2 or 3 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

On June 26, 2019, the Company entered into a Revenue Interest Purchase Agreement ("RIPA") with Oberland, as agent for purchasers party thereto (the “Purchasers”), and the Purchasers named therein, to obtain financing in respect to the commercialization and further development of bempedoic acid and the bempedoic acid / ezetimibe combination tablet and other working capital needs. Pursuant to the RIPA, the Company received $125.0 million at closing, less certain issuance costs. The Company was entitled to receive up to approximately $75.0 million in subsequent installments subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the RIPA: (i) $25.0 million upon certain regulatory approval of its product candidates and (ii) $50.0 million, at the Company’s option, upon reaching $100.0 million trailing worldwide six-month net sales any time prior to December 31, 2021 (the “Third Payment”). In March 2020, the Company received $25.0 million from Oberland upon receiving regulatory approval of NEXLETOL.

As consideration for such payments, the Purchasers will have a right to receive certain revenue interests (the “Revenue Interests”) from the Company based upon net sales of the Company’s certain products, once approved, which will be tiered payments initially ranging from 2.5% to 7.5% of the Company’s net sales in the covered territory (the “Covered Territory”); provided that if annual net sales equal or exceed the Sales Threshold and if the Purchasers receive 100% of their invested capital by December 31, 2024, the revenue interest rate will be decreased to a single rate of 0.4% of the Company’s net sales in the Covered Territory beginning on January 1, 2025. If the Third Payment is drawn down by the Company, the applicable royalty rates will increase by one-third. The Covered Territory is the United States, but is subject to expand to include the world-wide net sales if the Company’s annual U.S. net sales are less than $350.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The U.S. net sales milestone thresholds are not to be taken as financial guidance. The Purchasers’ rights to receive the Revenue Interests shall terminate on the date on which the Purchasers have received Revenue Interests payments of 195% of the then aggregate purchase price (the “Cumulative Purchaser Payments”) paid to the Company, unless the RIPA is terminated earlier.

On April 26, 2021, the Company entered into Amendment No. 2 (the “RIPA Amendment 2”) to the RIPA with Oberland, as agent for the purchaser parties thereto. Pursuant to the RIPA Amendment 2, Oberland waived the original trailing six-month world-wide net sales condition to the third installment payment under the RIPA and released the final $50 million payment payable to the Company under the terms of the RIPA. The Company and Oberland also agreed to amend additional terms of the RIPA such that the purchasers will have a right to receive certain revenue interests (the “Revenue Interests”) from the Company based on net sales of the Company’s certain products, once approved, which will be tiered payments ranging from 3.33% to 10% (the “Third Payment Applicable Percentage”) of the Company’s net sales in the covered territory (the “Covered Territory”); provided that (a) prior to December 31, 2024, with respect to each country defined in the Daiichi Territory, if the percentage of net sales that Company receives from Daiichi (the “Receivables Percentage”) is less than the Third Payment Applicable Percentage, then the Revenue Interest for such country payable to the purchasers will be equal to the Receivables Percentages, (b) if annual net sales equal or exceed $350.0 million and if the Purchasers receive 100% of their invested capital (Cumulative Purchaser Payments") by December 31, 2024, the revenue interest rate will be decreased to a single rate of 3.33% of the Company’s net sales in the Covered Territory for all subsequent calendar quarters and (c) if the Purchasers receive Revenue Interest payments less than 100% of Cumulative Purchaser Payments by December 31, 2024, the Third Payment Applicable Percentage will be increased to a single rate of the Company’s net sales that would have provided 100% of Cumulative Purchaser Payments had such rate applied from the initial funding by the Purchasers. The Covered Territory was originally the United States, but has been expanded to worldwide for all calendar years beginning on or after January 1, 2022.

On May 16, 2021, the Company entered into an Amendment to the Security Agreement and Waiver ("Amendment and Waiver") with the same parties to the Security Agreement, by and among the Company, Eiger Partners II LP (the "Purchaser") and Eiger III SA LLC (the "Purchaser Agent"), dated as of June 26, 2019 (the "Security Agreement"). Pursuant to the Amendment and Waiver, if (i) the net revenue from sales of NEXLETOL and NEXLIZET and certain other products in the United States (as reported in the Company’s financial statements as “product sales, net” in accordance with GAAP and excluding, for the avoidance of doubt, upfront or milestone payments and other collaboration revenue) (the “Specified Net Revenue”) for the calendar quarter ended September 30, 2021 does not exceed $15.0 million, or (ii) the Specified Net Revenue for any calendar quarter ending after September 30, 2021 does not exceed $15.0 million, then the Company shall deposit $50.0 million in a deposit account that is subject to a block account control agreement in favor of the Purchase Agent, no later than the earlier of (x) the date the Specified Net Revenue for such calendar quarter has been determined and (y) 45 days after the last day of such calendar quarter. Since the Specified Net Revenue for the calendar quarter ended September 30, 2021 did not exceed $15.0 million, the Company deposited $50.0 million in a deposit account that is subject to a block account control agreement, which is classified as restricted cash on the balance sheets. The Purchaser Agent shall have sole dominion and control over all funds deposited in the deposited account and such funds may be withdrawn therefrom only with the consent of the Purchaser Agent. Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of a Put Option Event, the Purchaser Agent shall have the right to apply amounts held in the deposit account in payment of certain secured obligations in the manner provided for in the Security Agreement. The Amendment and Wavier does not substitute, replace or release the Pledgors from any other obligations under the RIPA or Security Agreement.

On November 23, 2022, the Company entered into Waiver and Amendment No. 3 to Revenue Interest Purchase Agreement and Amendment No. 2 to Security Agreement (the “RIPA Amendment 3”), by and among the Company, the Purchasers and the Purchaser Agent, which amends (i) the Revenue Interest Purchase Agreement, by and among the Company, the Purchasers, and the Purchaser Agent, dated effective as of June 26, 2019 (as amended by Amendment No. 1 to Revenue Interest Purchase Agreement dated as of November 9, 2020 and Amendment No. 2 to Revenue Interest Purchase Agreement dated as of April 26, 2021, and as may be further amended, restated, supplemented or modified from time to time, the “RIPA”) and (ii) the Security Agreement, by the Company in favor of the Purchaser Agent, dated as of June 28, 2019 (as amended by the Amendment to Security Agreement and Waiver by and among the Company, the Purchaser and the Purchaser Agent, effective as of May 16, 2021, and as may be further amended, restated, supplemented or modified from time to time, the “Security Agreement”). Pursuant to the RIPA Amendment 3, among other things, (a) the Company agreed to make a one-time partial call payment with regards to the Revenue Interests (as defined in the RIPA) in an amount equal to $50.0 million from the restricted cash account (the “Partial Call”), (b) the amount of the Cumulative Purchaser Payments (as defined in the RIPA) was reduced to $177,777,778, and (c) the Purchasers and Purchaser Agent waived certain claimed defaults, breaches and Put Option Events under the RIPA and other related documents that may have occurred as a result of the Company’s opening of a new bank account.

In connection with the termination of the RIPA, as of September 30, 2024, the Company no longer has the liability referred to as the “Revenue interest liability” on the balance sheet. The Company imputed interest expense associated with the liability using the effective interest rate method through the repurchase date of June 27, 2024. The effective interest rate is calculated based on the rate that would enable the debt to be repaid in full over the anticipated life of the arrangement. The interest rate on the liability varied during the term of the agreement depending on a number of factors, including the level of forecasted net sales. The Company evaluated the interest rate quarterly based on its current net sales forecasts utilizing the prospective method.

The Company recorded approximately $21.6 million in interest expense related to this arrangement for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, and approximately $11.9 million and $34.7 million, respectively, in interest expense related to this arrangement for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

On June 27, 2024, the Company entered into the Purchase Agreement with OCM IP Healthcare Portfolio LP ("the Purchaser") ("OMERS"). Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company sold to the Purchaser, and the Purchaser purchased for $304,656,180, a portion of the royalties payable on net sales of Bempedoic Acid (as defined in the License and Collaboration Agreement) and any other Licensed Products (as defined in the License and Collaboration Agreement) in the DSE Territory (as defined in the License and Collaboration Agreement) pursuant to the License and Collaboration Agreement dated January 2, 2019, between Daiichi Sankyo Europe GMBH and the Company, as amended (the “License and Collaboration Agreement” and such royalties being the “Royalty Interests”). In connection with the Purchase Agreement, the Company incurred $9.6 million in issuance costs.

The Purchaser acquired 100% of the Royalty Interests until such time as the Purchaser has received an aggregate amount equal to 1.700x of the Purchase Price (equivalent to $517,915,506). Following receipt of such amount, 100% of all Royalty Interests will revert to the Company. The Purchase Agreement contains other customary terms and conditions, including representations and warranties, covenants and indemnification obligations in favor of each party.

In November 2020, the Company issued $280.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.0% senior subordinated convertible notes due November 2025. The net proceeds the Company received from the offering was approximately $271.1 million, after deducting the initial purchasers’ discounts and commissions and offering expenses payable by the Company (the "Convertible Notes") of $8.9 million. The Company used approximately $46.0 million of the net proceeds from the offering of the notes to pay the cost of the Capped Call (as defined below) and $55.0 million of the net proceeds from the offering of the initial notes to finance the Prepaid Forward (as defined below). The Convertible Notes are the Company's senior unsecured obligations and mature on November 15, 2025 (the “Maturity Date”), unless earlier repurchased or converted into shares of Common Stock under certain circumstances described below. The Convertible Notes are convertible into shares of Common Stock, can be repurchased for cash, or a combination thereof, at the Company’s election, at an initial conversion rate of 30.2151 shares of Common Stock per $1,000 principal amount of the Convertible Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $33.096 per share of Common Stock, subject to adjustment. The Company will pay interest on the Convertible Notes semi-annually in arrears on May 15 and November 15 of each year.

The Convertible Notes are general unsecured obligations of the Company that are subordinated in right of payment to indebtedness, obligations and other liabilities under the Company’s RIPA, the revenue interests issued pursuant to such agreement, and any refinancing of the foregoing.

Holders may convert their Convertible Notes at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding August 15, 2025 in the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on March 31, 2021 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price per share of Common Stock is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price for each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter; (2) during the five business days after any five consecutive trading day period (such five consecutive trading day period, the “measurement period”) in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price per share of Common Stock and the conversion rate for the notes on each such trading day; (3) if the Company calls such notes for redemption, any such notes that have been called for redemption may be converted at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date, but only with respect to the notes called for redemption; and (4) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events, as provided in the Indenture. On or after August 15, 2025, to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, holders may convert all or any portion of their notes at the applicable conversion rate at any time at the option of the holder regardless of the foregoing conditions.

In addition, following certain corporate events or following issuance of a notice of redemption, the Company will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert its notes in connection with such a corporate event or to convert its notes called (or deemed called) for redemption during the related redemption period, as the case may be.

The Convertible Notes will be redeemable, in whole or in part, at the Company’s option at any time, and from time to time, on or after November 20, 2023 and before the 41st scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, at a cash redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, but only if the last reported sale price per share of Common Stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect

for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive), including the trading day immediately preceding the date the Company sends the related redemption notice, during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company sends such redemption notice. No sinking fund is provided for the notes. If the Company redeems less than all the outstanding notes, at least $125.0 million aggregate principal amount of notes must be outstanding and not subject to redemption as of the relevant redemption notice date.

If the Company undergoes a “fundamental change” (as defined in the Indenture), holders may require the Company to repurchase their notes for cash all or any portion of their notes at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. The Indenture includes customary terms and covenants, including certain events of default.

As of September 30, 2024, the principal amount of convertible notes was $265.0 million, and the unamortized debt discount and issuance costs were $2.1 million, for a net carrying amount of $262.9 million.

The Company recorded approximately $3.0 million and $9.2 million, respectively, of interest expense during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, and $3.1 million and $9.2 million, respectively, of interest expense during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, relating to the cash interest on the convertible notes due semi-annually and amortization of the debt issuance costs.

As of September 30, 2024, no Convertible Notes were convertible pursuant to their terms. The estimated fair value of the Convertible Notes was $252.4 million as of September 30, 2024 and $155.9 million as of December 31, 2023. The estimated fair value of the Convertible Notes was determined through consideration of quoted market prices. As of September 30, 2024, the if-converted value of the Convertible Notes did not exceed the principal value of those notes.

In connection with the offering of the Convertible Notes, the Company entered into privately-negotiated capped call transactions with one of the initial purchasers of the convertible notes or its affiliate and certain other financial institutions. The Company used approximately $46.0 million of the net proceeds from the offering of the Convertible Notes to pay the cost of the capped call transactions. The capped call transactions are expected generally to reduce potential dilution to Common Stock upon any conversion of the Convertible Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted notes, as the case may be, in the event that the market value per share of Common Stock, as measured under the terms of the capped call transactions at the time of exercise, is greater than the strike price of the capped call transactions (which initially corresponds to the initial conversion price of the Convertible Notes, and is subject to certain adjustments), with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap initially equal to approximately $55.16 (which represents a premium of approximately 100% over the last reported sale price of Common Stock on November 11, 2020), subject to certain adjustments. The capped call transactions are separate transactions, entered into by the Company and are not part of the terms of the Convertible Notes.

Given that the transactions meet certain accounting criteria, the convertible note capped call transactions are recorded in stockholders’ equity, and they are not accounted for as derivatives and are not remeasured each reporting period. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had not purchased any shares under the convertible note capped call transactions.

In connection with the offering of the Convertible Notes, the Company entered into a prepaid forward stock repurchase transaction (“Prepaid Forward”) with a financial institution (“Forward Counterparty”). Pursuant to the Prepaid Forward, the Company used approximately $55.0 million of the net proceeds from the offering of the Convertible Notes to fund the Prepaid Forward. The aggregate number of shares of Common Stock underlying the Prepaid Forward was approximately 1,994,198. The expiration date for the Prepaid Forward is November 15, 2025, although it may be settled earlier in whole or in part. Upon settlement of the Prepaid Forward, at expiration or upon any early settlement, the Forward Counterparty will deliver to the Company the number of shares of Common Stock underlying the Prepaid Forward or the portion thereof being settled early. The shares purchased under the Prepaid Forward are treated as treasury stock and not outstanding for purposes of the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share, but will remain outstanding for corporate law purposes, including for purposes of any future stockholders’ votes, until the Forward Counterparty delivers the shares underlying the Prepaid Forward to the Company. As of September 30, 2024, 448,698 shares had been delivered to the Company. The Company’s Prepaid Forward hedge transaction exposes the Company to credit risk to the extent that its counterparty may be unable to meet the terms of the transaction. The Company mitigates this risk by limiting its counterparty to a major financial institution.

In May 2022, the Company's stockholders approved the 2022 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (as amended, the "2022 Plan"). The number of shares of Common Stock available for awards under the 2022 Plan was set to 4,400,000, with any shares underlying awards that are forfeited, canceled, held back upon exercise of an option or settlement of an award to cover the exercise price or tax withholding, reacquired by the Company prior to vesting, satisfied without the issuance or shares, or otherwise terminated (other than by exercise) under the 2022 Plan may be added back to the shares of Common Stock available for issuance under the 2022 Plan. The 2022 Plan provides for the award of stock options (both incentive and non-qualified options), stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units ("RSUs"), unrestricted stock, cash-based awards, and dividend equivalent rights. Following the approval of the 2022 Plan, no further awards will be issued under the Company’s Amended and Restated 2013 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “2013 Plan”). In June 2023, the Company's stockholders approved a first amendment to the 2022 Plan, which increased the number of shares of Common Stock reserved for awards under the 2022 Plan to 10,650,000. In May 2024, the Company's stockholders approved a second amendment to the 2022 Plan, which increased the number of shares of Common Stock reserved for awards under the 2022 Plan to 16,900,000.

In April 2020, the Company's board of directors approved the Esperion Therapeutics, Inc. 2020 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (as amended, the "ESPP"), which was approved by the Company's stockholders on May 28, 2020 and was subsequently amended by a first amendment to the ESPP adopted by the Company’s board of directors on July 31, 2020. The ESPP allows eligible employees to authorize payroll deductions of up to 10% of their base salary or wages up to $25,000 annually to be applied toward the purchase of shares of Common Stock on the last trading day of the offering period. Participating employees will purchase shares of Common Stock at a discount of up to 15% on the lesser of the closing price of Common Stock on the NASDAQ Global Market (i) on the first trading day of the offering period or (ii) the last day of any offering period. Offering periods under the ESPP will generally be in six months increments, commencing on September 1 and March 1 of each calendar year with the administrator having the right to establish different offering periods. During the three and nine months ended months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized less than $0.1 million of stock compensation expense related to the ESPP. During the three and nine months ended months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized approximately

Stock-based compensation related to stock options was $1.2 million and $3.2 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, including less than $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, that was capitalized into inventory, and $0.9 million and $2.9 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, including $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, that was capitalized into inventory. As of September 30, 2024, there was $5.8 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested options, which will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.4 years.

In 2021, 2022, and 2023 the Company granted PBSOs from the 2013 Plan and the 2022 Plan, that vest upon various performance-based milestones as set forth in the individual grant agreements, such as achievement of predetermined clinical or regulatory outcomes. The actual number of units (if any) received under these awards will depend on continued employment and actual performance over the performance period. Each quarter, the Company updates their assessment of the probability that the performance milestone will be achieved. The Company amortizes the fair value of the PBSOs based on the expected performance period to achieve the performance milestone. The performance criteria was met in three months ended March 31, 2024.

The following table summarizes the activity relating to the Company’s PBSOs for the nine months ended September 30, 2024:

There was no stock-based compensation related to PBSOs for the three months ended September 30, 2024. Stock-based compensation related to PBSOs for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $0.5 million. Stock-based compensation related to PBSOs was and $0.2 million and $0.6 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. As of September 30, 2024, there was no unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested PBSOs.

Stock-based compensation related to RSUs was approximately $1.8 million and $5.3 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, including less than $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively, that was capitalized into inventory, and approximately $1.6 million and $4.9 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, including $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively, that was capitalized into inventory. As of September 30, 2024, there was $13.7 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested RSUs, which will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.6 years.

In 2021, the Company granted PBRSUs from the 2013 Plan that vest upon various performance-based milestones as set forth in the individual grant agreements, such as achievement of predetermined milestones based on the Company's U.S. net product sales or clinical or regulatory outcomes. The actual number of units (if any) received under these awards will depend on continued employment and actual performance over the performance period. Each quarter, the Company updates their assessment of the probability that the performance milestone will be achieved. The Company amortizes the fair value of the PBRSUs based on the expected performance period to achieve the performance milestone. The fair value of the PBRSUs is based on the quoted market price of Common Stock on the date of grant. The performance criteria was met in three months ended March 31, 2024.

The following table summarizes the activity relating to the Company's PBRSUs for the nine months ended September 30, 2024:

There was no stock-based compensation related to PBRSUs for the three months ended September 30, 2024. Stock-based compensation related to the PBRSUs was $0.2 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, including less than $0.1 million that was capitalized into inventory. Stock-based compensation related to PBRSUs was $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, including less than $0.1 million and less than $0.1 million, respectively, that was capitalized into inventory. As of September 30, 2024, there was no unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested PBRSUs.

There was no provision for income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, because the Company has incurred annual operating losses since inception. At September 30, 2024, the Company continues to conclude that it is not more likely than not that the Company will realize the benefit of its deferred tax assets due to its history of losses. Accordingly, a full valuation allowance has been applied against the net deferred tax assets.

14. Stockholders' Deficit

Underwriting Agreement

On January 18, 2024, the Company entered into the Underwriting Agreement with Jefferies, as representative of the Underwriters, related to the January 2024 Offering of 56,700,000 shares of Common Stock of the Company, at a purchase price to the public of $1.50 per share. The Underwriters were also granted a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 8,505,000 shares of Common Stock, at the public offering price. On January 19, 2024, Jefferies gave notice to the Company of its election to exercise the option to purchase additional shares, in full. Giving effect to the exercise of Underwriters' option, the January 2024 Offering closed on January 23, 2024, with proceeds to the Company of approximately $90.7 million, after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses of $7.1 million.

ATM Offering

On February 21, 2023, the Company entered into a Controlled Equity Offering Sales Agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., as sales agent, to provide for the issuance and sale by the Company of up to $70 million of shares of Common Stock from time to time in “at-the-market” offerings (the "2023 ATM Program"), pursuant to its existing Form S-3 and the prospectus supplement filed on February 21, 2023. The Company may continue to use the 2023 ATM Program to address potential short-term or long-term funding requirements that may arise. Such program will continue to be subject to the volatility of the price of Common Stock and general market conditions. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company issued 378,902 shares of common stock resulting in net proceeds of approximately $0.5 million after deducting approximately $0.2 million of commissions and expense reimbursement payable to sales agent and other expenses, pursuant to the 2023 ATM Program. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company did not issue shares pursuant to the 2023 ATM Program. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company issued 3,312,908 shares of common stock resulting in net proceeds of approximately $4.4 million after deducting $0.4 million of commissions and expense reimbursement payable to sales agent other expenses, pursuant to the 2023 ATM Program.

Warrants

In connection with an underwriting agreement with H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC ("Wainwright") on December 2, 2021, the Company issued warrants to purchase 36,964,286 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $9.00 and an expiration date of December 7, 2023. The warrants were recorded at fair value of $61.9 million to additional-paid-in-capital in accordance with ASC 815-10 based upon the allocation of the proceeds between the common shares issued with the December 2021 Offering and the warrants. On December 7, 2023, 27,940,074 of these warrants expired. The remaining 9,024,212 warrants were amended as described below.

Registered Direct Offering and Warrant Amendment

As of September 30, 2024, no pre-funded warrants were outstanding. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, no warrants were exercised. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, 10,272,783 warrants were exercised. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, 10,867,000 and 20,965,747 shares of pre-funded warrants were exercised. The following table summarizes the warrants outstanding for the Company as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, without consideration for common stock equivalents. Pre-Funded Warrants are included in the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the periods. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common stock equivalents outstanding for the period determined using the treasury-stock method. For purposes of this calculation, warrants for common stock, stock options, PBSOs, unvested RSUs and PBRSUs, shares issuable under the ESPP and shares issuable upon conversion of the convertible notes are considered to be common stock equivalents and are only included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share when their effect is dilutive.

We are a commercial stage biopharmaceutical company currently focused on bringing new medicines to patients that address unmet medical needs. We have developed and are commercializing U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, approved oral, once-daily, non-statin medicines for patients who are at risk for cardiovascular disease and are struggling with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or LDL-C. Through commercial execution, international partnerships and collaborations, and advancement of our pre-clinical pipeline, we continue to evolve into a leading global biopharmaceutical company.

Our lead products NEXLETOL® (bempedoic acid) tablets and NEXLIZET® (bempedoic acid and ezetimibe) tablets are oral, once-daily, non-statin medicines indicated to reduce the risk of myocardial infarction and coronary revascularization in adults who are unable to take recommended statin therapy (including those not taking a statin) with established cardiovascular disease, or CVD, or at high risk for a CVD event but without established CVD, and to reduce LDL-C in adults with primary hyperlipidemia. Our products were approved by the FDA, European Medicines Agency, or EMA, and Swiss Agency for Therapeutic Products, or Swissmedic in 2020. The FDA approved expanded indications for NEXLETOL and NEXLIZET tablets in March 2024. The EMA approved expanded indications for NILEMDO® (bempedoic acid) tablets and NUSTENDI (bempedoic acid and ezetimibe) tablets in May 2024. In addition, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., or Otsuka, our Japanese collaborator, announced that the primary endpoint of LDL-C reduction from baseline at Week 12 was achieved with statistical

On March 22, 2024, we announced that the FDA approved new label expansions for NEXLETOL and NEXLIZET based on positive CLEAR Outcomes data that include indications for cardiovascular risk reduction and expanded LDL-C lowering in both primary and secondary prevention patients. In addition, the enhanced labels support the use of NEXLETOL and NEXLIZET either alone or in combination with statins. They also include new indications for primary hyperlipidemia, alone or in combination with a statin, and are now the only LDL-C lowering non-statin drugs indicated for primary prevention patients.

On May 22, 2024, we announced that the European Commission, or EC, approved the label update of both NILEMDO and NUSTENDI as treatments for hypercholesterolemia and to reduce the risk of adverse cardiovascular events. The EC’s decisions to update the labels of bempedoic acid and the bempedoic acid / ezetimibe fixed dose combination are based on the positive CLEAR Outcomes trial results and makes them the first and only LDL-C lowering treatments indicated for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events. NILEMDO and NUSTENDI are approved to reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with or at high risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

On June 27, 2024, we entered into a Royalty Purchase Agreement, or the Purchase Agreement, with OCM IP Healthcare Portfolio LP, a limited partnership formed under the laws of the Province of Ontario, Canada, or the Purchaser. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we sold to the Purchaser, and the Purchaser purchased for $304,656,180, a portion of the royalties payable on net sales of Bempedoic Acid (as defined in the License and Collaboration Agreement) and any other Licensed Products (as defined in the License and Collaboration Agreement) in the DSE Territory (as defined in the License and Collaboration Agreement) pursuant to the License and Collaboration Agreement dated January 2, 2019, between Daiichi Sankyo Europe GMBH, or DSE, and the Company, as amended, or the License and Collaboration Agreement and such royalties being the Royalty Interests).

The Purchaser acquired 100% of the Royalty Interests until such time as the Purchaser has received an aggregate amount equal to 1.700x of the Purchase Price (equivalent to $517,915,506). Following receipt of such amount, 100% of all Royalty Interests will revert to us. The Purchase Agreement contains other customary terms and conditions, including representations and warranties, covenants and indemnification obligations in favor of each party.

We were incorporated in Delaware in January 2008, and commenced our operations in April 2008. Since our inception, we have focused substantially all of our efforts and financial resources on developing and commercializing bempedoic acid and the bempedoic acid / ezetimibe tablet. In February 2020, the FDA approved NEXLETOL and NEXLIZET. NEXLETOL was

commercially available in the U.S. on March 30, 2020 and NEXLIZET was commercially available in the U.S. on June 4, 2020. While we began to generate revenue from the sale of our products in 2020, we have funded our operations to date primarily through proceeds from sales of preferred stock, convertible promissory notes and warrants, public offerings of common stock and warrants, the incurrence of indebtedness, through collaborations with third parties and revenue and royalty interest purchase agreements. We have incurred losses in each year since our inception.

We have never been profitable. Our net losses were $29.5 million and $30.4 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. Our net losses were $41.3 million and $152.9 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. Substantially all of our net losses resulted from costs incurred in connection with research and development programs and selling, general and administrative costs associated with our operations. We expect to incur significant expenses and operating losses for the foreseeable future in connection with our ongoing activities, including, among others:

Accordingly, we may need additional financing to support our continuing operations and further the development and commercialization of our products. We may seek to fund our operations and further development activities through collaborations with third parties, strategic alliances, licensing arrangements, debt financings, royalty-based financings, public or private equity offerings or through other sources. Adequate additional financing may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. Our failure to raise capital as and when needed would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and our ability to pursue our business strategy or continue operations. We will need to generate significant revenues to achieve profitability, and we may never do so.

NEXLETOL is a first-in-class ATP Citrate Lyase, or ACL, inhibitor that lowers LDL-C and cardiovascular risk by reducing cholesterol biosynthesis and up-regulating the LDL receptors. Completed Phase 3 studies whose primary endpoint was LDL-C lowering were conducted in more than 3,000 patients, with over 2,000 patients treated with NEXLETOL, and demonstrated an average 18% placebo corrected LDL-C lowering when used in patients on moderate or high-intensity statins. The completed Phase 3 CLEAR Outcomes trial in patients unwilling or unable to take statins and who had, or were at high risk for, cardiovascular disease demonstrated an average 21.1% placebo corrected LDL-C lowering, and a resulting 13% lower risk of major cardiovascular events versus placebo. NEXLETOL was approved by the FDA in February 2020 and received an expanded cardiovascular risk reduction indication from the FDA in March 2024.

NEXLIZET contains bempedoic acid and ezetimibe and lowers elevated LDL-C and cardiovascular risk through complementary mechanisms of action by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis in the liver and absorption in the intestine. Phase 3 data demonstrated NEXLIZET lowered LDL-C by a mean of 38% compared to placebo when added on to maximally tolerated statins. NEXLIZET was approved by the FDA in February 2020 and received an expanded cardiovascular risk reduction indication from the FDA in March 2024.

NILEMDO is a first-in-class ACL inhibitor that lowers LDL-C and cardiovascular risk by reducing cholesterol biosynthesis and up-regulating the LDL receptors. NILEMDO was approved by the European Commission, or EC, in March 2020 for use in adults with primary hypercholesterolemia (heterozygous familial and non-familial) or mixed dyslipidemia, as an adjunct to diet in combination with a statin or statin with other lipid-lowering therapies in adult patients unable to reach LDL-C goals with the maximum tolerated dose of a statin, or alone or in combination with other lipid-lowering therapies as an adjunct to diet in adult patients who are statin-intolerant, or for whom a statin is contraindicated. In May 2024, the EC approved an expanded indication for NILEMDO to reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with or at high risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

NUSTENDI contains bempedoic acid and ezetimibe and lowers elevated LDL-C through complementary mechanisms of action by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis in the liver and absorption in the intestine. NUSTENDI was approved by the EC in March 2020 for use in adults with primary hypercholesterolemia (heterozygous familial and non-familial) or mixed dyslipidemia, as an adjunct to diet in combination with a statin in adult patients unable to reach LDL-C goals with the maximum tolerated dose of a statin in addition to ezetimibe, alone in patients who are either statin-intolerant or for whom a statin is contraindicated, and are unable to reach LDL-C goals with ezetimibe alone, or as an adjunct to diet in adult patients already being treated with the combination of bempedoic acid and ezetimibe as separate tablets with or without statin. In May 2024, the EC approved an expanded indication for NUSTENDI to reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with or at high risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we incurred $5.6 million in expenses related to ongoing clinical studies.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we incurred $39.4 million in expenses related to our CLEAR Outcomes CVOT and other ongoing clinical studies.

Product sales, net is related to our sales of NEXLETOL and NEXLIZET. NEXLETOL was commercially available in the U.S. on March 30, 2020 and NEXLIZET was commercially available in the U.S. on June 4, 2020.

Collaboration revenue is related to our collaboration agreements with DSE, Otsuka, and Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd, or DS. Collaboration revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily related to the Settlement Agreement with DSE and sales of bulk tablets under supply agreements and royalty revenue received from collaboration partners. Collaboration revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily related to sales of bulk tablets under supply agreements and royalty revenue received from collaboration partners. Under contracted supply agreements with ex-U.S. collaborators, we may manufacture and supply quantities of active pharmaceutical ingredient, or API, or bulk tablets reasonably required by ex-U.S. collaboration partners for the development or sale of licensed products in their respective territory. We recognize revenue when the collaboration partner has obtained control of the API or bulk tablets. We also receive royalties from the commercialization of such products, and record our share of the variable consideration, representing a percentage of net product sales, as collaboration revenue in the period in which such underlying sales occur and costs are incurred by the collaborators.

Cost of goods sold is related to our net product sales of NEXLETOL and NEXLIZET and the cost of goods sold from our supply agreements with collaboration partners.

Our research and development expenses consist primarily of costs incurred in connection with the development of bempedoic acid and the bempedoic acid / ezetimibe combination tablet, which include:

We expense research and development costs as incurred. To date, substantially all of our research and development work has been related to bempedoic acid and the bempedoic acid / ezetimibe combination tablet. Costs for certain development activities, such as clinical studies, are recognized based on an evaluation of the progress to completion of specific tasks using data such as patient enrollment, clinical site activations or information provided to us by our vendors. Our direct research and development expenses consist principally of external costs, such as fees paid to investigators, consultants, central laboratories and CROs in connection with our clinical studies. We do not allocate acquiring and manufacturing clinical study materials, salaries, stock-based compensation, employee benefits or other indirect costs related to our research and development function to specific programs.

Selling, general and administrative expenses primarily consist of salaries and related costs for personnel, including stock-based compensation, associated with our sales, executive, accounting and finance, commercial, operational and other administrative functions. Other general and administrative expenses include selling expenses, facility-related costs, communication expenses and professional fees for legal, patent prosecution, protection and review, consulting and accounting services.

Interest expense is related to our Royalty Purchase Agreement with OCM IP Healthcare Portfolio LP, or OMERS, entered into on June 27, 2024, Revenue Interest Purchase Agreement, or RIPA, with Oberland, an affiliate of Oberland Capital, and our convertible notes.

Loss on extinguishment of debt is related to the loss recognized from the termination of our RIPA with Oberland.

Other income, net, primarily relates to interest income and the accretion or amortization of premiums and discounts earned on our cash, cash equivalents and investment securities and also includes other income related to the sale of leased vehicles.

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in our financial statements. We evaluate our estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis, including those related to our collaboration agreements, revenue interest liability and royalty sale liability. We base our estimates on historical experience, known trends and events, contractual milestones and other various factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

In June 2024, we entered into a royalty sale agreement for the future royalties from our collaboration agreement with DSE for up to 1.7x the purchase price, or $518 million. The royalty sale liability related to the agreement is presented net of deferred issuance costs on the balance sheets. We impute interest expense associated with this liability using the effective interest rate method which is presented as interest expense on the statements of operations. The effective interest rate is calculated based on the rate that would enable the liability to be repaid in full over the anticipated life of the arrangement. The interest rate on the

There have been no other material changes to the significant accounting policies previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

Product sales, net

Product sales, net for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was $31.1 million compared to $20.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of approximately $10.8 million. The increase is primarily due to prescription growth volumes of NEXLETOL and NEXLIZET compared to the third quarter of 2023.

Collaboration revenue

Collaboration revenue recognized from our collaboration agreements for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was $20.5 million compared to $13.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of $6.8 million. The increase is primarily due to increased royalty sales growth within our partner territories and product sales to our collaboration partners from our supply agreements.

Cost of goods sold

Cost of goods sold for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was $17.3 million compared to $13.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of $3.9 million. The increase is primarily related to increased product sales to our collaboration partners from our supply agreements.

Research and development expenses

Research and development expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2024, were $10.4 million, compared to $14.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, a decrease of $4.5 million. The decrease in research and development expenses was primarily attributable to a decrease in costs related to CLEAR Outcomes study following the announcement and presentation of our CLEAR Outcomes study results.

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2024, were $40.0 million, compared to $33.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of approximately $6.8 million. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses was primarily attributable to increased commercial headcount, bonuses, and promotional costs associated with the launch of the expanded labels for NEXLETOL and NEXLIZET.

Interest expense

Interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2024, was $15.1 million, compared to $15.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of $0.1 million. Interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was related to our royalty sale liability and convertible notes. Interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was related to our revenue interest liability and convertible notes.

Other income, net

Other income, net for the three months ended September 30, 2024, was $1.6 million, compared to $1.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of $0.3 million. The increase in other income, net was primarily due to higher interest income on our investments due to higher cash equivalents.

Product sales, net

Product sales, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $84.2 million compared to $57.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of $26.6 million. The increase is primarily due to prescription growth volumes of NEXLETOL and NEXLIZET compared to the first nine months of 2023.

Collaboration revenue

Collaboration revenue recognized from our collaboration agreements for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $179.0 million compared to $26.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of $152.5 million. The increase is primarily due to revenue recognized from our Settlement Agreement with DSE in the first half of 2024 and increased product sales to our collaboration partners from our supply agreements and royalty sales growth within our partner territories.

Cost of goods sold

Cost of goods sold for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $43.0 million compared to $31.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of $11.2 million. The increase is primarily related to increased product sales to our collaboration partners from our supply agreements.

Research and development expenses

Research and development expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, were $35.3 million, compared to $68.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, a decrease of $33.1 million. The decrease in research and development expenses was primarily attributable to a decrease in costs related to CLEAR Outcomes study following the announcement and presentation of our CLEAR Outcomes study results in 2023.

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, were $126.1 million, compared to $97.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of $29.0 million. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses was primarily attributable to increased commercial headcount, bonuses, and promotional costs associated with the launch of the expanded labels for NEXLETOL and NEXLIZET.

Interest expense

Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, was $42.8 million, compared to $43.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, a decrease of $1.1 million. Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was related to our revenue interest liability, which we repurchased on June 27, 2024, our royalty sale liability, entered into on June 27, 2024, and our convertible notes. Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, was related to our revenue interest liability and convertible notes.

Loss on extinguishment of debt

Loss on extinguishment of debt for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, was $53.2 million, with no such loss recognized for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The loss on extinguishment of debt was due to the repurchase of the Revenue Interests under our RIPA with Oberland in the second quarter of 2024.

Other income, net

Other income, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, was $6.8 million, compared to $4.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, an increase of $2.6 million. The increase in other income, net was primarily due to higher interest income on our investments due to higher cash equivalents.

While we began to generate revenue from the sales of our products in 2020, we have funded our operations to date primarily through proceeds from sales of preferred stock, convertible promissory notes and warrants, public offerings of common stock and warrants, the incurrence of indebtedness, milestone payments from collaboration agreements, sale of future royalties and our revenue interest purchase agreement. Pursuant to the license and collaboration agreements with DSE, DS, and Otsuka, we are eligible for substantial additional sales and regulatory milestone payments and royalties.

On February 21, 2023, we entered into a Controlled Equity Offering Sales Agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., as sales agent, to provide for the issuance and sale by us of up to $70.0 million of shares of our common stock from time to time in “at-the-market” offerings, or the 2023 ATM Program, pursuant to our existing Form S-3 and the prospectus supplement filed on February 21, 2023. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we issued 3,312,908 shares of common stock resulting in net proceeds of approximately $4.4 million after deducting $0.4 million of commissions and expense reimbursement payable to sales agent and other expenses, pursuant to the 2023 ATM Program. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we issued 378,902 shares of common stock resulting in net proceeds of approximately $0.5 million after deducting approximately $0.2 million of commissions and expense reimbursement payable to sales agent and other expenses, pursuant to the 2023 ATM Program.

On March 19, 2023, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement, or Securities Purchase Agreement, pursuant to which we agreed to issue and sell, in a registered direct offering, or the Registered Direct Offering, 12,205,000 shares of our common stock, pre-funded warrants pre-funded warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 20,965,747 shares of our common stock, and warrants to purchase up to 33,170,747 shares of our common stock. The combined purchase price of each share of common stock and accompanying warrant was $1.675 per share. The purchase price of each pre-funded warrant and the accompanying warrant was $1.674 (equal to the combined purchase price per share of common stock and accompanying warrant, minus $0.001). In connection with the Securities Purchase Agreement, we amended certain existing warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 9,024,212 shares of our common stock that were previously issued in December 2021 at an exercise price of $9.00 per share and had an expiration date of December 7, 2023, such that the amended warrants have a reduced exercise price of $1.55 per share and expire three and one half years following the closing of the Registered Direct Offering, for additional consideration of $0.125 per amended warrant. We received net proceeds of approximately $51.3 million related to the Registered Direct Offering and approximately $1.1 million in connection with the amended warrants.

On January 2, 2024, we entered into the Settlement Agreement with DSE to amicably resolve and dismiss the commercial dispute then pending in the Southern District of New York. Under the Settlement Agreement, DSE agreed to pay us an aggregate of $125.0 million, including (1) a $100.0-million payment within 15 business days of the effective date of the Settlement Agreement, which we received in January 2024, and (2) a $25.0-million payment in the calendar quarter immediately following the calendar quarter in which the EMA renders a decision on the application that was filed with the EMA for a Type II(a) variation for our oral non-statin products marketed as NILEMDO® (bempedoic acid) tablets and NUSTENDI® (bempedoic acid and ezetimibe) tablets in Europe, which we received in June 2024. The legal action pending in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York has now been dismissed.

On January 18, 2024, we entered into the Underwriting Agreement with Jefferies, as representative of the Underwriters, related to the January 2024 Offering of 56,700,000 shares of our common stock, at a purchase price to the public of $1.50 per share. The Underwriters were also granted a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 8,505,000 shares of our common stock, at the public offering price. On January 19, 2024, Jefferies gave us notice of its election to exercise the option to purchase additional shares, in full. Giving effect to the exercise of Underwriters' option, the January Offering closed on January 23, 2024, with proceeds to the Company of approximately $90.7 million, after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses of $7.1 million.

We anticipate that we will incur operating losses for the foreseeable future as we continue to incur substantial expenses related to the ongoing commercialization of NEXLETOL and NEXLIZET and expenses associated with our research and development activities. We anticipate that our current cash and cash equivalents, expected future net product sales of NEXLETOL and NEXLIZET, and expected future revenue under our collaboration agreements is sufficient to fund continuing operations for the foreseeable future.

As of September 30, 2024, our primary sources of liquidity were our cash and cash equivalents which totaled $144.7 million. We invest our cash equivalents and investments in highly liquid, interest-bearing investment-grade securities and government securities to preserve principal.

Operating Activities

We have incurred and expect to continue to incur, significant costs related to the commercialization of NEXLETOL and NEXLIZET and related to ongoing research and development, regulatory and other clinical study costs associated with the development of bempedoic acid and the bempedoic acid / ezetimibe combination tablet.

Net cash provided by operating activities totaled $11.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $98.4 million of cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Net cash provided by operating activities of $11.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 consisted primarily of net product sales of NEXLETOL and NEXLIZET and collaboration revenue from the Settlement Agreement with DSE partially offset by cash used

to fund the commercialization activities of NEXLETOL and NEXLIZET and the research and development costs related to bempedoic acid and the bempedoic acid / ezetimibe combination tablet, adjusted for non-cash items such as the loss on extinguishment of debt associated with our revenue interest purchase agreement, royalty revenue from DSE paid or to be paid to OCM IP Healthcare Portfolio LP, or OMERS, stock-based compensation expense, interest expense related to our RIPA with Oberland and royalty sale agreement, depreciation and amortization and changes in working capital. Net cash used in operating activities of $98.4 million in for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 consisted primarily of net product sales of NEXLETOL and NEXLIZET fully offset by cash used to fund the commercialization activities of NEXLETOL and NEXLIZET and the research and development costs related to bempedoic acid and the bempedoic acid / ezetimibe combination tablet, adjusted for non-cash expenses such as stock-based compensation expense, interest expense related to our RIPA with Oberland, depreciation and amortization and changes in working capital.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities of $0.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 consisted of purchases of property, plant and equipment. Net cash provided by investing activities of $42.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 consisted of proceeds from the sales of highly liquid, interest bearing investment grade and government securities.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities of $51.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 related primarily to our January 2024 Offering, royalty sale agreement and warrant exercises, offset partially by the cash outlays resulting in the extinguishment of our revenue interest liability. Net cash provided by financing activities of $46.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 related primarily to proceeds from our registered direct offering and net proceeds from our 2023 ATM Program, partially offset by payments on our revenue interest liability.

As noted above, we received approximately $90.7 million, after deducting the underwriting discounts and estimated offering expenses, from our January 2024 Offering. Refer to Note 14 “Stockholders’ Deficit—Underwriting Agreement” in our condensed financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information.

On June 27, 2024, we repurchased the Revenue Interests outstanding under the RIPA for $343.8 million and recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt in the statement of operations. Following the repurchase in June 2024, we no longer owe payments under the RIPA. Refer to Note 8 "Liability Related to the Revenue Interest Purchase Agreement" in our condensed financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information.

On November 16, 2020, we issued $250.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.00% convertible senior subordinated notes due 2025 to certain financial institutions as the initial purchasers of the convertible notes. An additional $30.0 million of additional convertible notes (collectively, the "Convertible Notes"), which were issued pursuant to the exercise of the initial purchasers' option to purchase such convertible notes, closed on November 18, 2020. On October 22, 2021, we entered into the Exchange Agreement with the Holders of our Convertible Notes. Under the terms of the Exchange Agreement the Holders agreed to exchange with us $15.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes held in the aggregate by them (and accrued interest thereon) for shares of Common Stock, which closed on November 3, 2021. Future payments under the convertible notes include annual interest of $10.6 million and a principal payment of $265.0 million in 2025. Refer to Note 10 "Convertible Notes" in our condensed financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information.

On February 21, 2023, we entered into a Controlled Equity Offering Sales Agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., as sales agent, to provide for the issuance and sale by us of up to $70.0 million of shares of our common stock from time to time in “at-the-market” offerings, or the 2023 ATM Program, pursuant to our existing Form S-3 and the prospectus supplement filed on February 21, 2023. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we issued 3,312,908 shares of common stock resulting in net proceeds of approximately $4.4 million after deducting $0.4 million of commissions and expense reimbursement payable to sales agent and other expenses, pursuant to the 2023 ATM Program. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we issued 378,902 shares of common stock resulting in net proceeds of approximately $0.5 million after deducting approximately $0.2 million of commissions and expense reimbursement payable to sales agent and other expenses, pursuant to the 2023 ATM Program. We may continue to use the 2023 ATM Program to address potential short-term

Plan of Operations and Funding Requirements

We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and operating losses for the foreseeable future in connection with our continued commercialization activities associated with NEXLETOL and NEXLIZET in the U.S. Pursuant to the license and collaboration agreements with DSE, Otsuka, and DS, we are eligible for substantial additional sales and regulatory milestone payments and royalties. We estimate that current cash resources, proceeds to be received in the future for product sales and proceeds under the collaboration agreements with DSE, DS and Otsuka are sufficient to fund operations for the foreseeable future. We have based these estimates on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we may use our available capital resources sooner than we currently expect. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development and ongoing commercialization of bempedoic acid and the bempedoic acid / ezetimibe combination tablet and the extent to which we entered and may enter into collaborations with pharmaceutical partners regarding the development and commercialization of bempedoic acid and the bempedoic acid / ezetimibe combination tablet, we are unable to estimate the amounts of increased capital outlays and operating expenses associated with completing the development and commercialization of bempedoic acid and the bempedoic acid / ezetimibe combination tablet. Our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including, but not limited to:

Until such time, if ever, as we can generate substantial U.S. product revenues and collaboration royalties, we expect to finance our cash needs through a combination of collaborations with third parties, strategic alliances, licensing arrangements, debt financings, royalty-based financings and equity offerings or other sources. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the ownership interest of our stockholders will be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect your rights as a common stockholder. Debt financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions,

such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends. If we raise additional funds through collaborations, strategic alliances or licensing arrangements with pharmaceutical partners or royalty-based financing arrangements, such as the collaboration arrangement with DSE, Otsuka and DS, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, future revenue streams or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. If we raise funds by selling additional equity, such sale would result in dilution to our stockholders. If we are unable to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings or through collaborations, strategic alliances or licensing arrangements or royalty-based financing arrangements when needed, we may be required to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our product development or future commercialization efforts or grant rights to develop and market bempedoic acid and the bempedoic acid / ezetimibe combination tablet that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves.

We do not currently have, nor did we have during the periods presented, any off-balance sheet arrangements as defined by the SEC rules.

There have been no material changes with respect to the information appearing in Part II, Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (1) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (2) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our President and Chief Executive Officer, who is our principal executive officer, and our Chief Financial Officer, who is our principal financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

As of September 30, 2024, our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Our management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded based upon the evaluation described above that, as of September 30, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes to our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

The information required with respect to this item can be found under “Commitments and Contingencies” in Note 5 to our condensed financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and is incorporated by reference into this Item 1.

In the future, we may become party to legal matters and claims arising in the ordinary course of business, the resolution of which we do not anticipate would have a material adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Our commercial success will depend in part on our success obtaining and maintaining issued patents and other intellectual property rights in the United States and elsewhere and protecting our proprietary technology. If we do not adequately protect our intellectual property and proprietary technology, competitors may be able to use our technologies and erode or negate any competitive advantage we may have, which could harm our business and ability to achieve profitability.

As of September 30, 2024, our patent estate, including patents we own, on a worldwide basis, included approximately 11 issued United States patents and 10 pending United States patent applications and over 30 issued patents and over 80 pending patent applications in other foreign jurisdictions. Of our worldwide patent estate, only a subset of our patents and pending patent applications relates to our bempedoic acid program.

Bempedoic acid is claimed in U.S. Patent No. 7,335,799 that is scheduled to expire in December 2030, which includes 711 days of patent term adjustment, and five years of patent term extension. We have one granted European patent that has been validated in numerous European countries including France, Germany, United Kingdom, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. We obtained five year patent term extensions via supplementary protection certificates for 24 national patents validated from the granted European patent, which extends our patent protection in those countries until 2028. Additionally, we have one patent family that includes U.S. Patent Nos. 11,407,705 and 11,987,548, directed to methods of manufacturing high purity bempedoic acid, one pending U.S. patent application directed to the same, U.S. Patent No. 11,613,511 directed to compositions of matter of high purity bempedoic acid, one pending U.S. patent application directed to the same, U.S. Patent No. 11,760,714 directed to pharmaceutical formulations containing the same, and U.S. Patent No. 11,926,584 directed to methods of lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) using the same and one pending U.S. patent application directed to methods of treatment using the same, and one granted patent and 18 pending patent applications outside of the United States. U.S. Patent Nos. 11,407,705, 11,613,511, 11,760,714, 11,926,584, and 11,987,548 and the other patent family members, if issued, are scheduled to expire in June 2040.

In addition, we have three patent families in which we are pursuing patent protection for our bempedoic acid and bempedoic acid / ezetimibe combination tablet in combination with one or more statins. Methods of treating patients with

We may not have identified all patents, published applications or published literature that affect our business either by blocking our ability to commercialize our products and drug candidates, by preventing the patentability of one or more aspects of our products and drug candidates to us or our licensors or co-owners, or by covering the same or similar technologies that may affect our ability to market our products and drug candidates. For example, we (or the licensor of a drug candidate to us) may not have conducted a patent clearance search to identify potentially obstructing third party patents. Moreover, patent applications in the United States are maintained in confidence for up to 18 months after their filing. In some cases, however, patent applications remain confidential in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or the USPTO, for the entire time prior to issuance as a U.S. patent. Patent applications filed in countries outside of the United States are not typically published until at least 18 months from their first filing date. Similarly, publication of discoveries in the scientific or patent literature often lags behind actual discoveries. We cannot be certain that we or our licensors or co-owners were the first to invent, or the first to file, patent applications covering our products and drug candidates. We also may not know if our competitors filed patent applications for technology covered by our pending applications or if we were the first to invent the technology that is the subject of our patent applications. Competitors may have filed patent applications or received patents and may obtain additional patents and proprietary rights that block or compete with our patents.

Others may have filed patent applications or received patents that conflict with patents or patent applications that we own, have filed or have licensed, either by claiming the same methods, compounds or uses or by claiming methods, compounds or uses that could dominate those owned by or licensed to us. In addition, we may not be aware of all patents or patent applications that may affect our ability to make, use or sell any of our products or drug candidates. Any conflicts resulting from third-party patent applications and patents could affect our ability to obtain the necessary patent protection for our products or processes. If other companies or entities obtain patents with conflicting claims, we may be required to obtain licenses to these patents or to develop or obtain alternative technology. We may not be able to obtain any such licenses on acceptable terms or at all. Any failure to obtain such licenses could delay or prevent us from using discovery-related technology to pursue the development or commercialization of our products or drug candidates, which would adversely affect our business.

We cannot assure you that any of our patents have, or that any of our pending patent applications will mature into issued patents that will include, claims with a scope sufficient to protect bempedoic acid or the bempedoic acid / ezetimibe combination or any other product candidates. Others have developed technologies that may be related or competitive to our approach, and may have filed or may file patent applications and may have received or may receive patents that may overlap or conflict with our patent applications, either by claiming the same methods or formulations or by claiming subject matter that could dominate our patent position. The patent positions of biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, including our patent position, involve complex legal and factual questions, and, therefore, the issuance, scope, validity and enforceability of any patent claims that we may obtain cannot be predicted with certainty. Patents, if issued, may be challenged, deemed unenforceable, invalidated, or circumvented. U.S. patents and patent applications may also be subject to interference proceedings, ex parte reexamination, inter partes review and post-grant review proceedings, supplemental examination and may be challenged in district court. Patents granted in certain other countries may be subjected to revocation, opposition or comparable proceedings lodged in various national and regional patent offices, and national courts. These proceedings could result in either loss of the patent or denial of the patent application or loss or reduction in the scope of one or more of the claims of the patent or patent application. For example, a European Unified Patent Court (UPC) came into force during 2023. The UPC is a common patent court to hear patent infringement and revocation proceedings effective for member states of the European Union. This could enable third parties to seek revocation of any of our European patents in a single proceeding at the UPC rather than through multiple proceedings in each of the jurisdictions in which the European patent is validated. Any such revocation and loss of patent protection could have a material adverse impact on our business and our ability to commercialize or license our technology and products. Moreover, the controlling laws and regulations of the UPC will develop over time, and may adversely affect our ability to enforce our European patents or defend the validity thereof. We may decide to opt out our European patents and patent applications from the UPC. If certain formalities and requirements are not met, however, our European patents and patent applications could be challenged for non-compliance and brought under the jurisdiction of the UPC. We cannot be certain that our European patents and patent applications will avoid falling under the jurisdiction of the UPC, if we decide to opt out of the UPC. Moreover, such interference, re- examination, post-grant review, inter partes review, supplemental examination, opposition, or revocation proceedings may be costly. Thus, any patents that we may own or exclusively license may not provide any protection against competitors. Furthermore, an adverse decision in an interference proceeding can result in a third-party receiving the patent right sought by us, which in turn could affect our ability to develop, market or otherwise commercialize bempedoic acid and the bempedoic acid / ezetimibe combination tablet.

Furthermore, the issuance of a patent, while presumed valid and enforceable, is not conclusive as to its validity or its enforceability and it may not provide us with adequate proprietary protection or competitive advantages against competitors with similar products. Competitors may also be able to design around our patents. Other parties may develop and obtain patent protection for more effective technologies, designs or methods. We may not be able to prevent the unauthorized disclosure or use of our technical knowledge or trade secrets by consultants, vendors, former employees and current employees. The laws of some foreign countries do not protect our proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States, and we may encounter significant problems in protecting our proprietary rights in these countries. If these developments were to occur, they could have a material adverse effect on our sales.

Furthermore, given the amount of time required for the development, testing and regulatory review of new product candidates, patents protecting such candidates might expire before or shortly after such candidates are commercialized. We have obtained a patent term extension in the United States for U.S. Patent No. 7,335,799 and have obtained supplementary protection certificates for one of the granted, counterpart European patents. In the United States, the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984 permits a patent term extension of up to five years beyond the normal expiration of the patent, but the total patent term including the restoration period must not exceed 14 years following FDA approval. However, the applicable authorities, including the FDA and the USPTO in the United States, and any equivalent regulatory authority in other countries, may not agree with our assessment of whether such extensions are available, and may refuse to grant extensions to our patents, or may grant more limited extensions than we request. If this occurs, our competitors may be able to take advantage of our investment in development and clinical trials by referencing our clinical and preclinical data and launch their product earlier than might otherwise be the case.

Our ability to enforce our patent rights depends on our ability to detect infringement. It is difficult to detect infringers who do not advertise the components that are used in their products. Moreover, it may be difficult or impossible to obtain evidence of infringement in a competitor’s or potential competitor’s product. Any litigation to enforce or defend our patent rights, if any, even if we were to prevail, could be costly and time-consuming and would divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations. We may not prevail in any lawsuits that we initiate and the damages or other remedies awarded if we were to prevail may not be commercially meaningful.

In addition, proceedings to enforce or defend our patents could put our patents at risk of being invalidated, held unenforceable, or interpreted narrowly. Such proceedings could also provoke third parties to assert claims against us, including that some or all of the claims in one or more of our patents are invalid or otherwise unenforceable. If, in any proceeding, a court invalidated or found unenforceable our patents covering bempedoic acid or the bempedoic acid / ezetimibe combination tablet, our financial position and results of operations would be materially and adversely impacted. In addition, if a court found that valid, enforceable patents held by third parties covered bempedoic acid or the bempedoic acid / ezetimibe combination tablet, our financial position and results of operations would also be materially and adversely impacted.

The degree of future protection for our proprietary rights is uncertain, and we cannot ensure that:

We rely upon unpatented trade secrets, unpatented know-how and continuing technological innovation to develop and maintain our competitive position, which we seek to protect, in part, by confidentiality agreements with our employees and our collaborators and consultants. We also have agreements with our employees and selected consultants that obligate them to assign their inventions to us. It is possible that technology relevant to our business will be independently developed by a person that is not a party to such an agreement. Furthermore, if the employees and consultants who are parties to these agreements breach or violate the terms of these agreements, we may not have adequate remedies for any such breach or violation, and we could lose our trade secrets through such breaches or violations. Further, our trade secrets could otherwise become known or be independently discovered by our competitors.

Once a new drug application, or NDA, is approved, the product covered thereby becomes a “reference listed drug” in the FDA’s publication, “Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations,” commonly known as the Orange Book. Under the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984, or the Hatch-Waxman Act to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA, a company may seek approval of generic versions of reference listed drugs through submission of ANDA, in the United States. In support of an ANDA, a generic manufacturer need not conduct clinical trials to assess safety and efficacy. Rather, the applicant generally must show that its product has the same active ingredient(s), dosage form, strength, route of administration and conditions of use or labelling as the reference listed drug and that the generic version is bioequivalent to the reference listed drug, meaning it is absorbed in the body at the same rate and to the same extent. Generic products may be significantly less costly to bring to market than the reference listed drug and companies that produce generic products are generally able to offer them at lower prices. Thus, following the introduction of a generic drug, a significant percentage of the sales of any branded product or reference listed drug is typically lost to the generic product.

Under the Hatch-Waxman Act, a company may also submit an NDA under Section 505(b)(2) of the FDCA that references the FDA’s prior approval of the innovator product. A 505(b)(2) NDA product may be for a new or improved version of the original innovator product. The Hatch-Waxman Act also provide for certain periods of regulatory exclusivity, which preclude FDA approval (or in some circumstances, FDA filing and review) of an ANDA or 505(b)(2) NDA until any applicable period of non-patent exclusivity for the reference listed drug has expired. For example, a new drug containing a new chemical entity, or NCE, may be eligible for five years of marketing exclusivity in the United States following regulatory approval if that drug is classified as a new chemical entity, or NCE. A drug can be classified as a NCE if the FDA has not previously approved any other drug containing the same active moiety.

In addition to the benefits of regulatory exclusivity, an innovator NDA holder may have patents claiming the active ingredient, product formulation or an approved use of the drug, which would be listed in the Orange Book. If there are patents listed in the Orange Book for a product, an ANDA or 505(b)(2) applicant that seeks to market its product before expiration of the innovator drug patents must include in their applications what is known as a “Paragraph IV” certification, challenging the validity or enforceability, or claiming non-infringement, of the listed patent or patents. Notice of the certification must be given to the patent owner and NDA holder and if, within 45 days of receiving notice, either the patent owner or NDA holder sues for patent infringement, approval of the ANDA or 505(b)(2) NDA is stayed for up to 30 months, or as lengthened or shortened by a court.

Accordingly, competitors could file ANDAs for generic versions or 505(b)(2) NDAs that reference our NEXLETOL and NEXLIZET products, which were granted marketing approval by the FDA on February 21, 2020 and February 26, 2020, respectively. For example, given that NEXLETOL was granted market exclusivity by the FDA on February 21, 2020, an ANDA or 505(b)(2) NDA referencing our NEXLETOL NDA may not be submitted to the FDA until the expiration of five years, e.g., February 21, 2025, unless the submission is accompanied by a Paragraph IV certification that a patent covering the reference listed drug is either invalid or will not be infringed by the generic or 505(b)(2) product, in which case the applicant may submit its application four years following approval of the reference listed drug, e.g., February 21, 2024, for NEXLETOL. Competitors may seek to launch generic or 505(b)(2) versions of NEXLETOL following the expiration of the applicable

Starting in March 2024, we received notices from each ANDA Filer that each company had filed an ANDA with the FDA seeking approval of a generic version of NEXLETOL and/or NEXLIZET, as applicable. The ANDAs each contained Paragraph IV certifications alleging that certain of our patents covering NEXLETOL or NEXLIZET, as applicable, are invalid and/or will not be infringed by each ANDA Filer’s manufacture, use or sale of the medicine for which the ANDA was submitted.

Beginning in May 2024, we filed patent infringement lawsuits under the Hatch-Waxman Act in the United States District Court, District of New Jersey, against each ANDA Filer. Our complaints allege that by filing the applicable ANDA, such ANDA Filer has infringed NEXLETOL’s and/or NEXLIZET’s Orange Book patents, as applicable, included in its Paragraph IV certifications, and seek an injunction preventing FDA from granting final approval of the ANDA before the expiration of the asserted patents, and a permanent injunction to prevent the ANDA Filer from commercializing a generic version of NEXLETOL and/or NEXLIZET, as applicable, until the expiration of the asserted patents. No trial date has been set.

The success of such litigation will depend on the strength of the patents covering NEXLETOL or NEXLIZET, as applicable, and our ability to prove infringement. The outcome of such litigation will be inherently uncertain and may result in potential loss of market exclusivity for NEXLETOL and/or NEXLIZET. Competition that NEXLETOL or NEXLIZET could face from an approved generic and other versions of NEXLETOL or NEXLIZET could materially and adversely affect our future revenue, profitability, and cash flows and substantially limit our ability to obtain a return on the investments we have made in developing NEXLETOL and NEXLIZET. Furthermore, the Federal Trade Commission, or FTC, has brought lawsuits to challenge ANDA litigation settlements as anti-competitive. If we settle any ANDA litigation, we may also face an FTC challenge with respect to the related settlement which may result in additional expense or penalty.

The exhibits filed or furnished as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are set forth on the Exhibit Index, which Exhibit Index is incorporated herein by reference.