SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of China United, the subsidiaries and variable interest entity and its subsidiaries as shown in the corporate structure in Note 1. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in the consolidation. The Company consolidates variable interest entities where it has been determined that the Company is the primary beneficiary of those entities’ operations. Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Use of Estimates The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto. Actual results may differ from those estimates and assumptions. Variable Interest Entities Due to the legal restrictions on foreign ownership and investment in insurance agency and brokerage businesses in China, especially those on qualifications as well as capital requirement of the investors, China United, through its subsidiary, Zhengzhou Zhonglian Hengfu Business Consulting Co., Limited (“WFOE”), entered into Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement (the “EBCA”), Power of Attorney, Option Agreement, and Share Pledge Agreement (collectively, the “First VIE Agreements”) on January 17, 2011 with Anhou and Anhou original shareholders so as to operate and conduct the insurance agency and brokerage business in the PRC. Pursuant to the EBCA, (a) WFOE has the right to provide Anhou with complete technical support, business support and related consulting services during the term of the EBCA; (b) Anhou agrees to accept all the consultations and services provided by WFOE. Anhou further agrees that unless with WFOE’s prior written consent, during the term of the EBCA, Anhou shall not directly or indirectly accept the same or any similar consultations and/or services provided by any third party and shall not establish similar cooperation relationship with any third party regarding the matters contemplated by the EBCA; (c) within 90 days after the end of each fiscal year Anhou shall pay an amount to WFOE equal to the shortfall, if any, of the aggregate net income of Anhou for such fiscal; (d) WFOE retains all exclusive and proprietary rights and interests in all rights, ownership, interests and intellectual properties arising out of or created during the performance of the EBCA; and (e) the shareholders of Anhou have pledged all of their equity interests in Anhou to WFOE to guarantee Anhou’s performance of its obligations under the EBCA. The term of the EBCA is 10 years and may be extended and determined by WFOE prior to the expiration thereof, and Anhou shall accept such extended term unconditionally. On March 23, 2022, Anhou and WFOE entered into an amendment to the EBCA, pursuant to which the EBCA shall be automatic renewed for successive terms unless WFOE gives a 30-day notice to terminate such agreement, with each term being 10 years. To extend the business within the PRC, Anhou intended to increase its registered capital to RMB 50 million (approximately $ 7 million) to meet the requirement of the China Insurance Regulatory Commission (the “CIRC”) so that it can set up new branches in any province beyond its current operations in China. China United increased the investment in Anhou through various loan agreements with the shareholders of Anhou. The aggregate funding provided by WFOE was RMB 40 million. Due to the capital increase, a series of variable interest agreements (the “Second VIE Agreements”), which include Power of Attorneys, Exclusive Option Agreements, Share Pledge Agreements, were signed on October 24, 2013 and entered in the same form as the First VIE Agreements, other than the change of shareholder names and their respective shareholdings. The First VIE Agreements were terminated by and among WFOE, Anhou and Anhou original shareholders on the same date. The EBCA executed by and between WFOE and Anhou on January 17, 2011 remains in full effect. As a result of the Second VIE Agreements, WFOE is considered the primary beneficiary of Anhou and has effective control over Anhou. Accordingly, the results of operations, assets and liabilities of Anhou and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Consolidated Affiliated Entities” or the “CAE”) are consolidated from the earliest period presented. The Company reviews the VIE’s status on an annual basis and determines if any events have occurred that could cause its primary beneficiary status to change, which include (a) the legal entity’s governing documents or contractual arrangements are changed in a manner that changes the characteristics or adequacy of the legal entity’s equity investment at risk; (b) the equity investment or some part thereof is returned to the equity investors, and other interests become exposed to expected losses of the legal entity; (c) the legal entity undertakes additional activities or acquires additional assets, beyond those anticipated at the later of the inception of the entity or the latest reconsideration event, that increase the entity’s expected losses; and (d) the legal entity receives an additional equity investment that is at risk, or the legal entity curtails or modifies its activities in a way that decreases its expected losses. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, no event taken place that would change the Company’s primary beneficiary status. It is uncertain whether any new PRC laws or regulations relating to variable interest entity structures will be adopted or if adopted, what they would provide. PRC regulatory authorities could disallow this structure, which would materially adversely affect our operations in China and could cause the value of our securities to significantly decline or become worthless. Noncontrolling Interests Noncontrolling interests represent amounts related to majority-owned subsidiaries in which the Company has a controlling financial interest. The amount of noncontrolling interest is consisted of the amount of such interests at the date of the Company's original acquisition of an equity interest and the noncontrolling holders’ percentage share of income or losses from the subsidiaries. Disposal of Subsidiary A disposal of a subsidiary is categorized as a discontinued operation as provided by ASC Topic 205-20, Presentation of Financial Statements - Discontinued Operations, if the disposal group is a component of an entity or group of components that meets the held for sale criteria, is disposed of by sale, or is disposed of other than by sale, and represents a strategic shift that has or will have a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results. The Company deconsolidates the accounts of a subsidiary as provided by ASC Topic 810, Consolidation, once the Company ceases to have a controlling interest in a subsidiary. The aggregate of the fair value of consideration received, the fair value of any retained noncontrolling investment and the carrying amount of the former subsidiary’s assets and liabilities are recognized as a gain or loss on disposition. If the transaction involves the sale of an ownership interest in a subsidiary and if substantially all of the fair value of the assets in that subsidiary promised to the counterparty is concentrated in nonfinancial assets, the financial assets in that subsidiary are in substance nonfinancial assets (ISNFA) and are accounted for under ASC 610-20, where the gain or loss recognized upon the derecognition of a nonfinancial asset or an ISNFA is the difference between the amount of consideration measured and allocated to that distinct asset and the carrying amount of the distinct asset. Foreign Currency Transactions China United’s financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars ($), which is the China United’s reporting and functional currency. The functional currencies of the China United’s subsidiaries are New Taiwan dollar (“NTD”), China yuan (“RMB”) and Hong Kong dollar (“HKD”). Each subsidiary maintains its financial records in its own functional currency. Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are measured at the exchange rates prevailing on the transaction dates. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are remeasured at the exchange rates prevailing at the balance sheet date. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in foreign currency are remeasured using the exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions. Exchange gains and losses are included in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company translates the assets and liabilities into U.S. dollars using the rate of exchange prevailing at the balance sheet date and the statements of operations and cash flows are translated at an average rate during the reporting period. Adjustments resulting from the translation from NTD, RMB and HKD into U.S. dollars are recorded in stockholders’ equity as part of accumulated other comprehensive income. Cash flows were also translated at average translation rates for the period and, therefore, amounts reported on the statement of cash flows would not necessarily agree with changes in the corresponding balances on the consolidated balance sheet. The exchange rates used for consolidated financial statements are as follows: Average Rate for the Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 Taiwan dollar (NTD) NTD 29.78510 NTD 27.91940 China yuan (RMB) RMB 6.72838 RMB 6.44995 Hong Kong dollar (HKD) HKD 7.83026 HKD 7.77225 United States dollar ($) $ 1.00000 $ 1.00000 Exchange Rate at December 31, 2022 2021 Taiwan dollar (NTD) NTD 30.68450 NTD 27.68785 China yuan (RMB) RMB 6.89730 RMB 6.35877 Hong Kong dollar (HKD) HKD 7.80776 HKD 7.79713 United States dollar ($) $ 1.00000 $ 1.00000 Fair Value Measurement Fair value accounting establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure about fair value measurements. Fair value, which is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. This framework provides a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three levels as follows: -Level 1 inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. -Level 2 inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the assets or liabilities, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instruments. -Level 3 inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value. In determining the appropriate levels, the Company performs a detailed analysis of the assets and liabilities that are measured and reported on a fair value basis. At each reporting period, all assets and liabilities for which the fair value measurement is based on significant unobservable inputs are classified as Level 3. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include cash in banks, bank deposits, and highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the date of origination. Restricted Cash Restricted cash represent amounts held in banks by the Company in conformity with Provisions of the Supervision and Administration of Specialized Insurance Agencies by the CIRC and a trust account held for bonus accrued for officers. Time Deposits Time deposits are short-term bank deposits with maturities of more than three months but less than one year at the date of origination. Marketable Securities The Company invests part of its excessive cash in equity securities. Marketable securities represent trading securities bought and held primarily for sale in the near-term to generate income on short-term price differences and are stated at fair value. Realized and unrealized gains and losses are recorded in other income (expense). Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Accounts receivable includes commission receivables stated at net realizable values. The Company reviews its accounts receivable regularly to determine if a bad debt allowance is necessary at each quarter-end. Management reviews the composition of accounts receivable and analyzes the age of receivables outstanding, customer concentrations, customer credit worthiness, current economic trends and changes in customer payment patterns to evaluate the necessity of making such allowance. No allowance was deemed necessary as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Expenditures for improvements are capitalized; repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. Upon sale or retirement, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is recorded in other income (expense). Depreciation of office equipment, office furniture, transportation equipment and other equipment is computed using straight-line method based on estimated useful lives with estimated salvage value. The estimated useful lives for office equipment, office furniture, transportation equipment and other equipment are three three Intangible Assets For internally developed software, costs incurred in the development phase are capitalized and amortized over the product’s estimated useful life. All costs incurred that relate to planning and post implementation phases of development are expensed. Development phase costs generally include salaries and personnel costs and third-party contractor expenses associated with software development, configuration and coding. Capitalized costs related to internally developed software under development are treated as construction in progress until the program, feature or functionality is ready for its intended use, at which time amortization commences. The Company did not capitalize any expenditure related to internally developed software for the period 2022 and 2021. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company reviews the carrying values of the long-lived assets when circumstances warrant as to whether the carrying value has become impaired. The Company considers assets to be impaired if the carrying value of an asset exceeds the present value of future net undiscounted cash flows from its related operations. There was no impairment recognized for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. Long-Term Investments Long-term investments include investment in real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) measured at fair value through net income, and equity investments using cost method under the measurement alternative. Available-for-sale investments are carried at fair value and unrealized gains and losses as a result of changes in the fair value are recorded as a separate component within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company evaluates its available-for-sale debt securities to assess whether those with unrealized loss positions are other-than-temporarily impaired. Impairments are considered to be other-than-temporary if they are related to deterioration in credit risk or if it is likely that the Company will sell the securities before the recovery of its cost basis. Realized gains and losses and declines in value judged to be other-than-temporary are determined based on the specific identification method and are reported in other income (expense) in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. The Company measures equity investments in companies that do not have a readily determinable fair value in which it holds an interest of less than 20% using cost method under the measurement alternative, which is defined as cost, less any impairments, a plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer, if any. Significant judgments are required to determine (i) whether observable price changes are orderly transactions and identical or similar to an investment held by the Company; and (ii) the selection of appropriate valuation methodologies and underlying assumptions, including expected volatility and the probability of exit events as it relates to liquidation and redemption features used to measure the price adjustments for the difference in rights and obligations between instruments. For equity investments measured at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in earnings, the Company does not assess whether those securities are impaired. For equity investments that the Company elects to use the measurement alternative, the Company makes a qualitative assessment considering impairment indicators to evaluate whether investments are impaired at each reporting date. Impairment indicators considered include, but are not limited to, a significant deterioration in the earnings performance or business prospects of the investee, including factors that raise significant concerns about the investee’s ability to continue as a going concern, a significant adverse change in the regulatory, economic, or technologic environment of the investee and a significant adverse change in the general market condition of either the geographical area or the industry in which the investee operates. If a qualitative assessment indicates that the investment is impaired, the Company has to estimate the investment’s fair value in accordance with the principles of ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement. If the fair value is less than the investment’s carrying value, the Company recognizes an impairment loss in earnings equal to the difference between the carrying value and fair value. Advertising Costs The Company expenses all advertising costs, which include promotions and branding, as incurred. The Company incurred $209,426 and $203,754 in advertising and marketing costs under selling expenses during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Revenue Recognition The Company’s revenue is derived from insurance agency and brokerage services with respect to life insurance and property and casualty insurance products. The Company, through its subsidiaries and variable interest entities, sells insurance products provided by insurance companies to individuals, and is compensated in the form of commissions from the respective insurance companies, according to the terms of each service agreement made by and between the Company and the insurance companies. The core revenue recognition principle under ASC 606, the Company considers the contracts with insurance companies contain one performance obligation and consideration should be recorded when performance obligation is satisfied at point in time. The sale of an insurance product by the Company is considered complete when initial insurance premium is paid by an individual and the insurance policy is approved by the respective insurance company. When a policy is effective, the insurance company is obligated to pay the agreed-upon commission to the Company under the terms of its service agreement with the Company and such commission is recognized as revenue. For the first year commission (FYC), the Company recognizes the revenue when the individuals’ policies are effective. The Company makes the estimation amount to be entitled for annual performance and operating bonus which is based on the FYC. The Company makes an estimation on performance and operation bonus which are based on the accumulated FYC on quarterly basis, and make reconciliation between actual and estimation amount on annual basis. The estimated revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was approximately $8.7 million and $7.4 million, respectively. Others includes the contingent commissions for subsequent years, the bonus based on persistency ratio bonus, and service allowances, are considered highly susceptible to factors outside the company’s influence and depend on the actions of third parties (i.e., the subsequent premiums paid by individual policyholders), and the uncertainty can be extended for many years. Considering the high uncertainties, the contingent commissions for subsequent years, the bonus based on persistency ratio, and service allowances will be recognized as revenue upon notice of actual amounts from the insurance companies after the uncertain event is resolved. For property and casualty insurance products, the Company recognizes the revenue when the individuals’ policies are effective. The revenue from property and casualty insurance products was 6.3% and 7.2% of the Company’s total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company is obligated to pay commissions to its sales professionals when an insurance policy becomes effective. Other than that, there are also bonuses rewarded to sales professionals based on their position and sales performance. The Company recognizes commission revenue granted from insurance companies on a gross basis, and the commissions and bonuses paid to its sales professionals are recognized as cost of revenue. The Company enters into service agreements with insurance companies, which may give rise to contract assets and contract liabilities. When the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of payments made by insurance companies, the Company recognizes either contract assets (its performance precedes the billing date) or contract liabilities (customer payment is received in advance of performance). Contract assets represent unbilled amounts resulting from the insurance agency and brokerage services provided by the Company to the insurance companies when the Company has a conditional right to payment once the individuals’ insurance policies are effective. Contract assets are classified as current and the full balance is reclassified to accounts receivables when the right to payment becomes unconditional. The balance of contract assets was insignificant as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. Contract liabilities represents the commissions received upfront from the insurance companies related to services that has not yet been recognized as revenue. The Company classifies contract liabilities as current/noncurrent based on the timing of when the Company expects to recognize revenue. Please refer to Note 19 for contract liabilities in AIATW. The Company generally expenses sales commissions to its sales professionals when incurred because such expenses would be settled within one year or less. These costs are recorded within sales expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive income, as the expenses are settled less than one year and the Company has elected the practical expedient included in ASC 606. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded revenue of $131,930,218 and $131,363,175, respectively. Disaggregation information of revenue is disclosed in Note 25. Share Based Payment The Company accounts for share-based payment in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation. Under the Company’s 2017 Long Term Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”), up to 10,000,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock may be granted (the “Share Pool”) provided that 2,000,000 shares of the Share Pool is reserved for issuance to eligible participants such as officers, directors and employees of, and other individuals (including sales agents who are exclusive agents of the Company or its subsidiaries or derive more than 50% of their income from those entities) who provide bona fide services to or for, the Company or any of subsidiaries. There are no awards granted under the 2017 Plan as of and for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. Retirement Plan and Net Periodic Pension Cost Under the Company defined benefit pension plan, net periodic pension cost, which includes service cost, interest cost, expected return on plan assets, amortization of unrecognized net transition obligation and gains or losses on plan assets, is recognized based on an actuarial valuation report. The Company recognizes the funded status of pension plan as an asset or a liability in the consolidated balance sheets. Each overfunded plan is recognized as an asset and each underfunded plan is recognized as a liability. The recognition of prior service costs or credits and net actuarial gains or losses, as well as subsequent changes in the funded status, are recognized as components of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss, net of tax, in shareholders’ equity, until they are amortized as a component of net periodic benefit cost. Income Taxes The Company records income tax expense using the asset-and-liability method of accounting for deferred income taxes. Under this method, deferred taxes are recognized for the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each year-end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on available evidence, it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company has elected to recognize a tax on global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”), which was imposed by the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “2017 Tax Act”), as tax expense in the period the tax is incurred. When tax returns are filed, it is likely that some positions taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the amount of the position that would be ultimately sustained. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. Tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above is reflected as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying balance sheets along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination. Interest associated with unrecognized tax benefits are classified as interest expense and penalties are classified in selling, general and administrative expenses in the statements of operations and other comprehensive income (loss). Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per common share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income attributable to the common shareholders of the Company by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted EPS is computed in the same manner as basic EPS, except the number of shares includes additional common shares that would have been outstanding if potential common shares with a dilutive effect had been issued. As the holders of preferred stock of the Company are entitled to share equally with the holders of common stock, on a per share basis, in such dividends and other distributions of cash, property or shares of stock of the Company as may be declared by the board of directors, the preferred stock is treated as a participating security. When calculating the basic earnings per common share, the two-class method is used to allocate earnings to common stock and participating security as required by FASB ASC Topic 260, “Earnings Per Share.” As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company does not have any potentially dilutive instrument. The following is a reconciliation of the income and share data used in the basic and diluted EPS computations for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 under the two-class method. December 31, 2022 2021 Numerator: Common stock Preferred stock Common stock Preferred stock Allocation of net income attributable to the Company $ 10,746,337 $ 354,826 $ 6,026,550 $ 203,571 Denominator: Weighted average shares of the Company’s common/preferred stock outstanding - basic & diluted 30,286,199 1,000,000 29,604,102 1,000,000 Basic and diluted earnings per share $ 0.355 $ 0.355 $ 0.204 $ 0.204 The participating rights (liquidation and dividend rights) of the holders of the Company’s common stock and preferred stock are identical, except with respect to voting right (Note 16). As a result, and in accordance with ASC 260, the undistributed earnings for each year are allocated based on the contractual participation rights of the common stock and preferred stock as if the earnings for the year had been distributed. As the liquidation and dividend rights are identical, the undistributed earnings are allocated on a proportionate basis. Concentration of Credit Risk The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents with banks in the USA, the PRC, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Should any bank holding the Company’s cash become insolvent, or if the Company is otherwise unable to withdraw funds, the Company would lose all or part of its cash deposit with that bank; however, the Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant risks on its cash in bank accounts. In Taiwan, a depositor has up to NTD 3,000,000 insured by Central Deposit Insurance Corporation (“CDIC”). In China, a depositor has up to RMB 500,000 insured by the People’s Bank of China Financial Stability Bureau (“FSD”). In Hong Kong, a depositor has up to HKD 500,000 insured by Hong Kong Deposit Protection Board (“DPB”). In the United States, the standard insurance amount is $250,000 per depositor in a bank insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, time deposits, restricted cash, register capital deposits and accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2022, and 2021, approximately $2,356,000 and $2,712,000 of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, time deposits, restricted cash, and register capital deposits held by financial institutions, was insured, and the remaining balance of approximately $93,337,000 and $83,446,000, was not insured. With respect to accounts receivable, the Company generally does not require collateral and does not have collectability concern. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company earns commission revenues from an insurance company individually more than 10% of the total revenue of the Company were: Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 % of Total % of Total Amount Revenue Amount Revenue TransGlobe Life Insurance Inc. $ 38,397,745 29 % $ 33,579,165 26 % Taiwan Life Insurance Co., Ltd. 18,363,419 14 % 24,626,829 19 % Farglory Life Insurance Co., Ltd. 15,972,048 12 % 16,676,479 13 % As of December 31, 2022, and 2021, the Company’s accounts receivable due from an insurance company individually accounted more than 10% of the total accounts and notes receivable were: December 31, 2022 2021 % of Total % of Total Accounts Accounts Amount Receivable Amount Receivable TransGlobe Life Insurance Inc. $ 8,770,151 32 % $ 8,569,590 32 % Taiwan Life Insurance Co., Ltd. 3,588,639 13 % 4,483,343 17 % Farglory Life Insurance Co., Ltd. 3,266,442 12 % 2,729,673 10 % The Company’s operations are in Taiwan, the PRC, and Hong Kong. Accordingly, the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations may be influenced by the political, economic, foreign cu |