K-W Santiago 424B5Prospectus supplement for primary offering

Filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5)
File No. 333-235473

The information in this preliminary prospectus supplement is not complete and may be changed. This preliminary prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus are not an offer to sell these securities and they are not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

Subject to Completion

Preliminary Prospectus Supplement dated January 27, 2021

PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT

(To prospectus dated December 12, 2019)

$1,000,000,000

Kennedy-Wilson, Inc.

$                     % Senior Notes due 2029

$                     % Senior Notes due 2031

The Company

Kennedy Wilson is a global real estate investment company. We own, operate and develop real estate with the objective of maximizing earnings over the long run for ourselves and our equity partners. We focus on multifamily and office properties located in the Western United States, the United Kingdom and Ireland. As of September 30, 2020, we have over 190 employees in 12 offices. We have an ownership interest in approximately 42 million square feet of property globally, including 29,990 multifamily rental units and 22 million square feet of commercial property. In addition to our core income producing real estate, we engage in development and value-add initiatives through which we enhance cash flows or reposition assets to increase sale value.

The Notes

Use of Proceeds

We intend to use the net proceeds from the issuance and sale of the notes, together with cash on hand, to repurchase or redeem up to $1,000.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 5.875% Senior Notes due 2024, which we refer to as our 2024 notes, in the tender offer described in this prospectus supplement or pursuant to the indenture governing the 2024 notes, as applicable, and pay related transaction expenses.

Investing in the notes involves a high degree of risk. Before buying any notes, you should read the material risks of investing in the notes included or referred to under the heading “Risk Factors” beginning on page S-18 of this prospectus supplement. The notes are expected to be rated below investment grade and are subject to the risks associated with non-investment grade securities.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The underwriters expect to deliver the notes to the purchasers in book-entry only form through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company on or about                 , 2021.

Book-Running Managers

Co-Manager

BBVA

The date of this prospectus supplement is                 , 2021.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Prospectus Supplement

Prospectus

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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT

This document consists of two parts. The first part is this prospectus supplement, which describes certain matters relating to us and the specific terms of this offering of notes and also adds to and updates information contained in the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. The second part is the accompanying prospectus, which gives more general information about securities we may offer from time to time.

We have not, and the underwriters have not, authorized anyone to provide you with information other than that contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus or any free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you. Neither we nor the underwriters take any responsibility for, or provide any assurances as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. The information contained in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus or any free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you is accurate as of their respective dates. The information in documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus is accurate as of the respective dates of those documents. To the extent the information contained in this prospectus supplement differs or varies from the information contained in the accompanying prospectus, the information in this prospectus supplement will control. To the extent the information contained in this prospectus supplement differs or varies from the information contained in a document we have incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus, you should rely on the information in the more recent document.

Before you decide to invest in the notes, you should carefully read this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus, the registration statement described in the accompanying prospectus (including the exhibits thereto) and the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. The incorporated documents are described in this prospectus supplement under the caption “Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference.”

We are not making offers to sell the notes or soliciting offers to purchase the notes in any jurisdiction in which such an offer or solicitation is not authorized or in which the person making such offer or solicitation is not qualified to do so or to anyone to whom it is unlawful to make an offer or solicitation.

Unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise requires, as used in this prospectus supplement, the words “we,” “us,” “our” or the “company” refer to Kennedy-Wilson Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

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RISK FACTORS

Unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise requires, the term “notes” refers to the 2029 notes and the 2031 notes we are offering pursuant to this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. Kennedy Wilson will be the primary obligor under the notes and is the primary obligor under the 2024 Notes, and the guarantors described in this prospectus supplement are guarantors of the 2024 Notes and will be the initial guarantors of the notes. In this section of this prospectus supplement, the words “we,” “us,” “our” and “Kennedy Wilson” refer to Kennedy-Wilson, Inc. and not to any of its subsidiaries, unless the context requires otherwise.

An investment in the notes involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below and all of the information contained or incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus before deciding whether to purchase the notes, including the risks under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, as supplemented by the risks described under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, as well as the other reports we file from time to time with the SEC that are incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. The risks and uncertainties described below and in the incorporated documents are not the only risks and uncertainties that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business operations. If any of these risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition and results of operations would suffer. The risks discussed below also include forward-looking statements, and our actual results may differ substantially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements. See “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in this prospectus supplement. In addition to the risk factors incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement, you should consider the additional risk factors below.

Risks Related to the Notes

Ratings of the notes may affect the market price and marketability of the notes.

Although the notes have not been rated yet, we have sought to obtain a rating for the notes. We currently expect the rating of the notes, if obtained, to be below investment grade, which could adversely impact the market price of the notes. Securities rated below investment grade are generally subject to a higher risk of payment default and price volatility than similar, higher-rated securities. Furthermore, increases in leverage or deteriorating outlooks for an issuer, or volatile markets, could lead to continued significant deterioration in market prices of securities rated below investment grade.

Ratings only reflect the views of the issuing rating agency or agencies, and ratings could at any time be revised downward or withdrawn entirely at the discretion of the issuing rating agency. Furthermore, a rating is not a recommendation to purchase, sell or hold any particular security, including the notes. In addition, ratings do not reflect market prices or the suitability of a security for a particular investor, and any rating of the notes may not reflect all risks related to us and our business or the structure or market value of the notes. An explanation of the significance of ratings may be obtained from the applicable rating agency.

A credit rating may not be issued and may not remain in effect for any given period of time, and the applicable rating agency may lower, suspend or withdraw entirely any rating that it has issued if, in that rating agency’s judgment, the circumstances so warrant. It is also possible that any rating assigned to the notes may be lowered in connection with the application of the proceeds of this offering or in connection with future events, such as future acquisitions. Holders of the notes will have no recourse against us or any other parties in the event of the issuance of a lower-than-expected rating or a change in or suspension or withdrawal of such a rating. Any lower-than-expected rating, and any lowering, suspension or withdrawal of an issued rating, may adversely affect the market price or marketability of the notes.

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Our significant indebtedness could adversely affect our financial condition and prevent us from fulfilling our obligations under the notes.

As of September 30, 2020:

In addition, as of such date, we and the initial subsidiary guarantors had approximately $22.5 million aggregate principal amount of guarantees that we and those guarantors provided in connection with loans secured by consolidated assets that have recourse to us and our guarantors. Our non-guarantor subsidiaries had approximately $1,217.6 million of secured, non-recourse mortgage indebtedness (excluding debt premium and discount) as of September 30, 2020, and the notes we hereby are offering will be structurally subordinated to such indebtedness. We will incur an additional $1,000.0 million principal amount of indebtedness in connection with this offering, and we intend to use the net proceeds from this offering, together with cash on hand, to repurchase up to $1,000.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 2024 Notes in the Tender Offer. However, the Tender Offer is subject to several conditions, which may not be satisfied or waived by us, and we may not receive tenders of a significant amount of our outstanding 2024 Notes for purchase in the Tender Offer. Accordingly, the Tender Offer may not be consummated in accordance with its terms, or at all, and all or a significant portion of our 2024 Notes may remain outstanding.

Our substantial indebtedness could have important consequences for you including:

In addition, the indentures governing the notes will contain, and the indenture governing the 2024 Notes and our unsecured revolving line of credit contain, financial and restrictive covenants that limit our ability to engage in activities that may be in our long-term best interest. Our failure to comply with those covenants could result in an event of default that, if not cured or waived, could result in the acceleration of all of our debt.

Despite our substantial indebtedness, we may still incur significantly more debt, which could exacerbate the risks described above.

The indentures governing the notes will permit, and the indenture governing the 2024 Notes and our unsecured revolving line of credit permit, us and our subsidiaries to incur significant additional indebtedness in

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the future. As of September 30, 2020, we had approximately $300.0 million of availability under our unsecured revolving line of credit facility.

We have in the past incurred and may continue in the future to incur significant amounts of debt to finance acquisitions, which could negatively affect our cash flows and subject our properties or other assets to the risk of foreclosure.

We have historically financed new acquisitions with cash derived from secured and unsecured loans and lines of credit. For instance, we typically purchase real property with loans secured by a mortgage on the property acquired. We anticipate continuing this trend. We do not have a policy limiting the amount of debt that we may incur. Accordingly, our management and board of directors have discretion to increase the amount of our outstanding debt at any time. We could become more highly leveraged, resulting in an increase in debt service costs that could adversely affect our results of operations and increase the risk of default on debt. We may incur additional debt from time to time to finance strategic acquisitions, investments, joint ventures or for other purposes, subject to the restrictions contained in the documents governing our indebtedness. If we incur additional debt, the risks associated with our leverage, including our ability to service our debt, would increase. If we are required to seek an amendment to our credit agreement, our debt service obligations may be substantially increased.

Some of our debt bears interest at variable rates. As a result, we are subject to fluctuating interest rates that may impact, adversely or otherwise, results of operations and cash flows. We may be subject to risks normally associated with debt financing, including the risks that:

If we are unable to satisfy the obligations owed to any lender with a lien on one of our properties, the lender could foreclose on the real property or other assets securing the loan and we would lose that property or asset. The loss of any property or asset to foreclosure could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

From time to time, Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. and Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., rate our significant outstanding debt. These ratings and any downgrades thereof may impact our ability to borrow under any new agreements in the future, and could increase the interest rates of, and require more onerous terms for, any future borrowings, and could also cause a decline in the market price of our common stock. Our earnings may not be sufficient to allow us to pay principal and interest on our debt and meet our other obligations. If we do not have sufficient earnings, we may be required to seek to refinance all or part of our existing debt, sell assets at terms that are not attractive, borrow more money or sell more securities, which we may be unable to do, and our stock price may be adversely affected.

We may not have the ability to raise the funds necessary to finance a fundamental change offer.

Upon the occurrence of a fundamental change (as defined in the respective indentures governing the notes and the 2024 Notes), we will be required to offer to repurchase all of the notes or the 2024 Notes, as

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applicable. The definition of Fundamental Change under the notes and the 2024 Notes includes both change of control events and also “termination of trading” events upon a delisting of Kennedy-Wilson Holdings’ common stock. However, for purposes of the notes we are offering, a Fundamental Change will not include a termination of trading event if the Series A Preferred Stock is no longer outstanding and there is no other outstanding Capital Stock of Kennedy-Wilson Holdings (as defined in the indentures governing the notes) that contains a “termination of trading” provision. We may have insufficient funds available to make any required repurchases of the notes and the 2024 Notes. In addition, our unsecured credit facility provides that the occurrence of a change of control constitutes a default. Our failure to purchase tendered notes and 2024 Notes would constitute a default under the relevant indenture governing the same, which, in turn, would constitute a default under our credit facility. See “Description of the Notes—Fundamental Change.”

A subsidiary guarantee could be voided if it constitutes a fraudulent transfer under U.S. bankruptcy or similar state law, which would prevent the holders of the notes from relying on that subsidiary to satisfy claims.

Under U.S. bankruptcy law and comparable provisions of state fraudulent transfer laws, a subsidiary guarantee can be voided, or claims under the subsidiary guarantee may be subordinated to all other debts of that subsidiary guarantor, if, among other things, the subsidiary guarantor, at the time it incurred the indebtedness evidenced by its subsidiary guarantee or, in some states, when payments become due under the subsidiary guarantee, received less than reasonably equivalent value or fair consideration for the incurrence of the subsidiary guarantee and:

A subsidiary guarantee may also be voided, without regard to the above factors, if a court finds that the subsidiary guarantor entered into the subsidiary guarantee with the actual intent to hinder, delay or defraud its creditors.

A court would likely find that a subsidiary guarantor did not receive reasonably equivalent value or fair consideration for its subsidiary guarantee if the subsidiary guarantor did not substantially benefit directly or indirectly from the issuance of the notes. If a court were to void a subsidiary guarantee, you would no longer have a claim against the subsidiary guarantor. Sufficient funds to repay the notes may not be available from other sources, including the remaining guarantors, if any. In addition, the court might direct you to repay any amounts that you already received from the subsidiary guarantor.

The measures of insolvency for purposes of fraudulent transfer laws vary depending on the governing law. Generally, a subsidiary guarantor would be considered insolvent if:

Each subsidiary guarantee will contain a provision intended to limit the subsidiary guarantor’s liability to the maximum amount that it could incur without causing the incurrence of its obligations under its subsidiary

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guarantee to be a fraudulent transfer. This provision may not be effective to protect the subsidiary guarantees from being voided under fraudulent transfer law.

The notes will not be guaranteed by all of our subsidiaries.

The notes will not be guaranteed by a number of our subsidiaries. To the extent that any of our subsidiaries do not guarantee the notes, the notes will be structurally subordinated to all existing and future obligations, including indebtedness, of those non-guarantor subsidiaries. The claims of creditors of the non-guarantor subsidiaries, including trade creditors, will have priority as to the assets of those subsidiaries. As a result, if we default on our obligations under the notes, you will not have any claims against any of our subsidiaries that do not guarantee the notes. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and year ended December 31, 2019, the revenues of our non-guarantor subsidiaries constituted approximately 52% and 63%, respectively, of Kennedy-Wilson Holdings’ consolidated revenues, and the net income of our non-guarantor subsidiaries for such year was approximately $59.7 million and $385.4 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2020, the total assets of those subsidiaries constituted approximately 60% of Kennedy-Wilson Holdings’ consolidated total assets, and those subsidiaries had approximately $1,217.6 million of secured non-recourse mortgage indebtedness (excluding debt premium and discount and capitalized loan fees) and approximately $1,290.2 million of unsecured bonds, of which none has recourse to us. However, these figures are as of September 30, 2020 and do not reflect transactions that we have entered into after that date, or future transactions that we may enter into. Depending on the particular terms of any acquisition or other transaction that one or more of our subsidiaries may enter into, those subsidiaries may not be required by the terms of the indentures to guarantee the notes we are offering. Accordingly, these figures may fluctuate from time to time, and these figures may increase or decrease materially in future periods. For example, the instruments governing our acquisitions (such as the relevant loan agreement, or the terms of the relevant partnership agreement, limited liability company operating agreement or other governing document of the borrower, or any related joint venture agreement or the terms of any relevant co-investment vehicle or separate account or investment program) may prohibit the relevant subsidiary from guaranteeing the notes we are offering. In many of these cases, the indentures will not require our subsidiaries, including those described above, to guarantee the notes we are offering. In addition, the indentures will not require certain non-material and non-wholly owned subsidiaries to guarantee the notes we are offering.

We may not have access to the cash flow and other assets of our subsidiaries and our joint ventures that may be needed to make payment on the notes.

Although our operations are conducted through our subsidiaries and joint ventures, our subsidiaries and joint ventures are not obligated to make funds available to us for payment on the notes. Accordingly, our ability to make payments on the notes depends on the earnings of, and the distribution of funds from, our subsidiaries and joint ventures. Furthermore, our subsidiaries will be permitted under the terms of the indentures governing the notes and the 2024 Notes, our unsecured revolving line of credit and the instruments governing other indebtedness to incur additional indebtedness that may severely restrict or prohibit the making of distributions, the payment of dividends or the making of loans by those subsidiaries to us. The agreements governing the future indebtedness of our subsidiaries may not permit our subsidiaries to provide us with sufficient dividends, distributions or loans to fund scheduled interest and principal payments on the notes when due. See “Description of Other Indebtedness.”

To service our indebtedness, including the notes, we will require a significant amount of cash. Our ability to generate cash depends on many factors that are beyond our control.

Our ability to make payments on and to refinance our indebtedness, including the notes, and to fund planned capital expenditures will depend on our ability to generate cash in the future. This, to a certain extent, is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control.

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However, our business may not generate sufficient cash flow from operations, current capital spending projects may require significant additional funds to complete or be successful and future borrowings may not be available to us in an amount sufficient to enable us to pay our indebtedness, including the notes, or to fund our other liquidity needs. If we consummate an acquisition, our debt service requirements could increase. We may need to refinance all or a portion of our indebtedness, including the notes, on or before maturity. We may be unable to refinance any of our indebtedness, including our unsecured revolving line of credit, the notes and the 2024 Notes, on commercially reasonable terms or at all.

An active trading market for the notes may not develop.

The notes we are offering are a new class of securities, and, prior to this offering, there was no public market for the notes. We have been informed by certain of the underwriters that they intend to make a market in the notes after this offering is completed. However, the underwriters may cease their market-making activities at any time. In addition, the liquidity of the trading market in the notes and the market price quoted for the notes may be adversely affected by changes in the overall market for high yield securities and by changes in our financial performance or prospects or in the financial performance or prospects of companies in our industry generally. As a result, an active trading market may not develop or be maintained for the notes. If an active market does not develop or is not maintained, the market price of the notes may decline and the liquidity of the notes may be limited.

Our debt agreements contain restrictions that will limit our flexibility in operating our business.

The indentures governing the notes will contain, and the indenture governing the 2024 Notes and the agreement governing our unsecured revolving line of credit contain, various covenants that limit our ability to engage in specified types of transactions. These covenants limit Kennedy Wilson’s and its restricted subsidiaries’ ability to, among other things:

Additionally, the agreement governing our unsecured credit facility requires us to maintain certain financial ratios. A breach of any of these covenants could result in a default under the indentures governing the notes, the indenture governing the 2024 Notes and the agreement governing our unsecured credit facility. We may also be unable to take advantage of business opportunities that arise because of the limitations imposed on us by the restrictive covenants under our indebtedness. See “Description of Other Indebtedness.”

Many of the restrictive covenants contained in the indentures will not apply if the notes are rated investment grade by any two or more of Moody’s, S&P and Fitch and no event of default has occurred and is continuing.

Many of the covenants in the indentures governing the notes will not apply if the notes are rated investment grade (as defined in the indentures) by any two or more of Moody’s, S&P and Fitch provided that at

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such time no event of default with respect to the notes has occurred and is continuing. There can be no assurance that the notes will ever be rated investment grade or, if they are rated investment grade, that the notes will maintain such ratings. Termination of these covenants would allow us to engage in certain transactions that would not be permitted while these covenants were in force. See “Description of the Notes—Certain Covenants—Suspension of Certain Covenants.”

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Statements included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus or in other reports and statements released by us that are not historical facts constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These forward-looking statements are necessarily estimates reflecting the judgment of our senior management based on our current estimates, expectations, forecasts and projections and include comments that express our current opinions about trends and factors that may impact future operating results. Disclosures that use words such as “believe,” “may,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “could,” “plan,” “expect,” “project” or the negative of these, as well as similar expressions, are intended to identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of any of these words does not necessarily mean that a statement is not forward-looking.

Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, rely on a number of assumptions concerning future events, many of which are outside of our control, and involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results, performance or achievements, or industry results, to differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements, expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Although we believe that our plans, intentions, expectations, strategies and prospects as reflected in or suggested by those forward-looking statements are reasonable, we do not guarantee that the transactions and events described will happen as described (or that they will happen at all). In evaluating these statements, you should specifically consider the risks described and referred to under the heading “Risk Factors” on page S-18 of this prospectus supplement, including, but not limited to, the following factors:

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Any such forward-looking statements should be considered in the context of the various disclosures made by us about our businesses including, without limitation, the factors discussed above. Except as required under the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, we do not have any intention or obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, changes in assumptions, or otherwise.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We estimate that the net proceeds from the issuance and sale of the notes we are offering will be approximately $     million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. We intend to use the net proceeds from the issuance and sale of the notes, together with cash on hand, to repurchase or redeem up to $1,000.0 aggregate principal amount of the 2024 Notes in the Tender Offer or pursuant to the indenture governing the 2024 Notes, as applicable, and pay related transaction expenses. However, the Tender Offer is subject to several conditions, which may not be satisfied or waived by us, and we may not receive tenders of a significant amount of our outstanding 2024 Notes for purchase in the Tender Offer. If this offering is completed and less than $1,000.0 million principal amount of our 2024 Notes is duly tendered and accepted for purchase, and is purchased, in the Tender Offer, then we intend to redeem an aggregate principal amount of 2024 Notes that will cause the total principal amount of 2024 Notes purchased in the Tender Offer or redeemed to be at least $1,000.0 million.

The Tender Offer is being made solely pursuant to, and is governed by, the Offer to Purchase. This prospectus supplement is not an offer to purchase any of our 2024 Notes. See “Prospectus Supplement Summary—Recent Developments—Announced Tender Offer for 5.875% Senior Notes due 2024” and “Capitalization.”

As of the date of this prospectus supplement, $1,150.0 million principal amount of the 2024 Notes were outstanding. Interest on the 2024 Notes accrues at a rate of 5.875% per annum and is payable semi-annually in arrears on April 1 and October 1 of each year. The 2024 Notes will mature on April 1, 2024, unless earlier redeemed or repurchased in the Tender Offer.

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CAPITALIZATION

The following table sets forth the cash and cash equivalents and capitalization of Kennedy-Wilson Holdings and its consolidated subsidiaries as of September 30, 2020:

The Tender Offer is subject to several conditions, which may not be satisfied or waived by us, and we may not receive tenders of a significant amount of our outstanding 2024 Notes for purchase in the Tender Offer. Accordingly, the Tender Offer may not be consummated in accordance with its terms, or at all, and all or a significant portion of our 2024 Notes may remain outstanding. Consequently, our actual capitalization following the completion of this offering and the expiration of the Tender Offer may be significantly different from that reflected in the pro forma as adjusted column in the table below.

Except as described above and in the footnotes below, we have made no adjustments to reflect normal course operations by us or other developments with our business after September 30, 2020. As a result, the as adjusted and pro forma as adjusted information provided below is not indicative of our actual cash and cash equivalents position or consolidated capitalization as of any date. You should read this table in conjunction with “Use of Proceeds” and the disclosures in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K that are incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement.

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DESCRIPTION OF OTHER INDEBTEDNESS

Unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise requires, as used in this section, the words “we,” “us,” “our” or the “company” refer to Kennedy-Wilson, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

Unsecured Credit Facility

We have a $500.0 million unsecured credit facility with a syndicate of lenders, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent and BofA Securities, Inc., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., and U.S. Bank National Association, as joint lead arrangers. The borrower under the unsecured credit facility is Kennedy-Wilson, Inc., and the guarantors are Kennedy-Wilson Holdings, Inc. and the subsidiaries of Kennedy-Wilson Holdings, Inc. that are guarantors under the 2024 Notes and will be the initial guarantors of the notes offered hereby.

The unsecured credit facility is comprised of a $500.0 million revolving line of credit (the “Second A&R Facility”). Loans under the revolving line of credit bear interest at a rate equal to LIBOR plus between 1.75% and 2.50%, depending on the consolidated leverage ratio as of the applicable measurement date. The Second A&R Facility has a maturity date of March 25, 2024. Subject to certain conditions precedent and at our option, (i) the maturity date of the Second A&R Facility may be extended up to two times, in six-month increments and (ii) the aggregate amount of revolving line of credit may be increased to an amount not exceeding $1.0 billion.

During the nine-months ended September 30, 2020, the average outstanding borrowings under the unsecured revolving credit facility were $128.5 million. As of the date of this prospectus supplement, the total outstanding amount under this unsecured revolving credit facility is $200.0 million.

The unsecured credit facility contains customary financial covenants. The financial covenants under the unsecured credit facility require us to maintain:

In addition to customary reporting and compliance requirements, the principal negative and affirmative covenants under the unsecured credit facility require us, among other things:

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The credit agreement also provides that we must cause each of our subsidiaries that becomes a guarantor of the notes and the initial notes to become a guarantor under this credit facility.

As of September 30, 2020, we were in compliance with such covenants. We pay customary fees to the administrative agent and the lenders under our unsecured credit facility.

5.875% Senior Notes due 2024

We issued $300.0 million principal amount of 5.875% Senior Notes due 2024 on March 25, 2014, an additional $350.0 million aggregate principal amount on November 18, 2014, an additional $250.0 million aggregate principal amount on August 12, 2016 and an additional $250.0 million aggregate principal amount on March 2, 2018, which we refer to collectively in this prospectus supplement as the 2024 Notes. The 2024 Notes are guaranteed by Kennedy-Wilson Holdings and the initial subsidiaries that will guarantee the notes we are offering.

At any time and from time to time on or after April 1, 2019, we may redeem the 2024 Notes, in whole or in part, at the redemption price specified in the indenture governing the 2024 Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date. Interest on the 2024 Notes accrues at a rate of 5.875% per annum and is payable semi-annually in arrears on April 1 and October 1 of each year. The 2024 Notes will mature on April 1, 2024, unless earlier redeemed.

The indenture governing the 2024 Notes contain covenants that restrict, among other things, the ability of Kennedy Wilson and certain of its subsidiaries’ to incur additional indebtedness, pay dividends or make distributions to stockholders, repurchase capital stock or debt, make investments, sell assets or subsidiary stock, create or permit liens on assets, engage in transactions with affiliates, enter into sale/leaseback transactions and enter into certain business combination transactions.

KWE Senior Notes Payable

KWE issued £300 million principal amount of its 3.95% fixed-rate senior unsecured bonds due 2022 in June 2015 and additional £200 million principal amount of such bonds in September 2016, which we collectively refer to as the KWE bonds. The KWE bonds bear interest at a rate of 3.95% per annum, payable annually in arrears on June 30 of each year. KWE effectively reduced the interest rate of the KWE bonds to 3.35% per annum as a result of it entering into swap arrangements to convert 50% of the proceeds into Euros. The KWE bonds mature on June 30, 2022. In October 2020, KWE completed a tender offer pursuant to which it repurchased approximately £130.2 million in aggregate nominal amount of the KWE bonds for an aggregate of approximately £133.1 million in cash, including accrued and unpaid interest.

In 2015, KWE established a £2.0 billion Euro Medium Term Note Programme, or EMTN, pursuant to which KWE may issue, from time to time, up to £2.0 billion of various types of debt securities in certain markets

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and currencies. During the fourth quarter of 2015 and the second quarter of 2016, KWE drew down under its EMTN Programme, with the issuances of senior unsecured notes for an aggregate principal amount of €550 million, which we refer to as the KWE notes. The KWE notes accrue interest at an annual fixed rate of 3.25%, and mature in 2025.

The trust deeds that govern the KWE bonds and the KWE notes contains various restrictive covenants, including, among others, limitations on KWE’s and its material subsidiaries’ ability to provide certain negative pledges. The trust deeds limit the ability of KWE and its subsidiaries to incur additional indebtedness if, on the date of such incurrence and after giving effect to the incurrence of the new indebtedness, (1) KWE’s consolidated net indebtedness (as defined in the trust deeds) would exceed 60% of KWE’s total assets (as calculated pursuant to the terms of the trust deeds); and (2) KWE’s consolidated secured indebtedness (as defined in the trust deeds) would exceed 50% of KWE’s total assets (as calculated pursuant to the terms of the trust deeds). The trust deeds also requires KWE, as of each reporting date, to maintain an interest coverage ratio (as defined in the trust deeds) of at least 1.50 to 1.00 and have unencumbered assets of no less than 125% of its unsecured indebtedness (as defined in the trust deeds). The covenants associated with the KWE Bonds and the KWE notes are not obligations of Kennedy-Wilson Holdings, Inc., and these obligations are presented as a component of our investment debt as they are unsecured obligations relating to an underlying investment of ours. As of September 30, 2020, KWE was in compliance with these covenants.

Other Consolidated Debt

In addition to the indebtedness described above, we also carry non-recourse, asset-level indebtedness on our consolidated balance sheet. As of September 30, 2020, the outstanding principal amount under these loans was approximately $2,529.0 million (excluding debt discount), with a weighted average interest rate of approximately 3.92% per annum and a weighted average remaining maturity of approximately 4.2 years. As of September 30, 2020, approximately $1,311.4 million (excluding debt discount) of this indebtedness was indebtedness of our guarantor subsidiaries and approximately $1,217.6 million (excluding debt premium and discount and capitalized loan fees) was indebtedness of our non-guarantor subsidiaries.

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DESCRIPTION OF THE NOTES

In this description, the words “we,” “us,” “our” and “Issuer” refer to Kennedy-Wilson, Inc. and not to any of its subsidiaries. Certain terms used in this description are defined under the subheading “—Certain Definitions.”

We will issue each series of the Notes under an indenture (the “Base Indenture”), dated as of March 25, 2014, between us and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”), as supplemented by a supplemental indenture thereto (each, a “Supplemental Indenture,” and, together with the Base Indenture, the “Indenture” with respect to the applicable series of Notes), to be dated as of the date we first issue the Notes, among us, the Trustee and the initial Guarantors. Each of the 2029 Notes and the 2031 Notes will be a series of debt securities under the Base Indenture the terms of which will be established by the applicable Supplemental Indenture.

The following description of the particular terms of the Notes and the Guarantees supplements and, to the extent inconsistent therewith, replaces the description of the general terms and provisions of the debt securities and the guarantees set forth in the accompanying prospectus, to which reference is hereby made. The terms of the Notes include those stated in the applicable Indenture and those that will be made part of such Indenture by reference to the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (the “Trust Indenture Act”). The following description is only a summary of the material provisions of the Indentures. We urge you to read the applicable Indenture because it, not this description, defines your rights as holders of the applicable series of Notes. You may request copies of the Indentures at our address set forth under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information.”

Brief Description of the Notes

The Notes will be:

Principal, Maturity and Interest

The Issuer will initially issue $     million aggregate principal amount of 2029 Notes and $     million aggregate principal amount of 2031 Notes. The Notes will be issued only in minimum denominations of $2,000 and in denominations of integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof. The Notes will mature on March 1, 2029 (in the case of the 2029 Notes) and March 1, 2031 (in the case of the 2031 Notes). Subject to our compliance with the covenant described under the subheading “—Certain Covenants—Limitation on Indebtedness,” we are permitted to issue more Notes of either series under the applicable Indenture in an unlimited aggregate principal amount (the “Additional Notes”), provided that if the Additional Notes of either series are not fungible with the Notes of such series for United States federal income tax purposes, the Additional Notes will have a separate CUSIP number. Each series of Notes offered hereby and any Additional Notes of such series subsequently issued under the applicable Indenture will be treated as a single series of Notes for all purposes under the Indenture, including, without limitation, waivers, amendments, redemptions and offers to purchase. Holders of each series of Notes offered hereby and any Additional Notes of such series subsequently issued under the applicable Indenture will vote as one class under such Indenture. Unless the context otherwise requires, for all purposes of the applicable Indenture and this “Description of the Notes,” references to any series of Notes include any Additional Notes of such series actually issued.

Interest on the Notes offered hereby will accrue at the rate of     % (in the case of the 2029 Notes) and     % (in the case of the 2031 Notes) per annum from, and including,                 , 2021 and will be payable semi-

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annually in arrears on March 1 and September 1 of each year, commencing on September 1, 2021. We will make each interest payment to the holders of record of the Notes on the immediately preceding February 15 and August 15, respectively.

Interest on the Notes will accrue from the date of original issuance or, if interest has already been paid, from the date it was most recently paid. Interest will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year comprised of twelve 30-day months.

Optional Redemption

Except as set forth below, we will not be entitled to redeem the Notes at our option.

On and after March 1, 2024 (in the case of the 2029 Notes) and March 1, 2026 (in the case of the 2031 Notes), we will be entitled at our option to redeem all or a portion of the Notes upon not less than 30 nor more than 60 days’ notice, at the redemption prices (expressed in percentages of principal amount on the redemption date), plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the applicable redemption date (subject to the right of holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the related interest payment date), if redeemed during the 12-month period commencing on March 1 of the years set forth in the table below corresponding to the applicable series of Notes:

In addition, before March 1, 2024, we will be entitled at our option on one or more occasions to redeem Notes of the applicable series (which includes Additional Notes of such series, if any) in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes of such series (which includes Additional Notes of such series, if any) originally issued at a redemption price (expressed as a percentage of principal amount) of     % (in the case of the 2029 Notes) or     % (in the case of the 2031 Notes), plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date, with an amount not to exceed the net cash proceeds from one or more Equity Offerings (provided that if the Equity Offering is an offering by the Parent, a portion of the Net Cash Proceeds thereof equal to the amount required to redeem any such Notes is contributed to the equity capital of the Issuer), provided that:

Notice of any redemption upon any Equity Offering may be given prior to the completion of such Equity Offering, and such redemption or notice, may, at the Issuer’s discretion, be subject to the completion of such Equity Offering.

Prior to March 1, 2024, we will be entitled, at our option, to redeem all or a portion of the Notes of either series at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed plus the Applicable Premium as of, and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, the applicable redemption date (subject to the right of holders on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date). Notice of such redemption must be delivered electronically if held at DTC or mailed by first-class mail to each holder’s registered address, not less than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the redemption date.

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“Applicable Premium” means with respect to a Note at any redemption date, as provided by the Issuer, the greater of (1) 1.00% of the principal amount of such Note on such redemption date and (2) the excess of (A) the present value at such redemption date of (i) the redemption price of such Note on March 1, 2024 (in the case of the 2029 Notes) or March 1, 2026 (in the case of the 2031 Notes) (such redemption price being described in the second paragraph in this “—Optional Redemption” section, exclusive of any accrued and unpaid interest) plus (ii) all required remaining scheduled interest payments due on such Note through March 1, 2024 (in the case of the 2029 Notes) or March 1, 2026 (in the case of the 2031 Notes) (but excluding accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date), computed using a discount rate equal to the Adjusted Treasury Rate, over (B) the principal amount of such Note on such redemption date.

“Adjusted Treasury Rate” means, with respect to any redemption date and as provided by the Issuer for any Notes of either series, (1) the yield, under the heading which represents the average for the immediately preceding week, appearing in the most recently published statistical release designated “H. 15(519)” or any successor publication which is published weekly by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and which establishes yields on actively traded United States Treasury securities adjusted to constant maturity under the caption “Treasury Constant Maturities,” for the maturity corresponding to the Comparable Treasury Issue (if no maturity is within three months before or after March 1, 2024 (in the case of the 2029 Notes) or March 1, 2026 (in the case of the 2031 Notes), yields for the two published maturities most closely corresponding to the Comparable Treasury Issue shall be determined and the Adjusted Treasury Rate shall be interpolated or extrapolated from such yields on a straight line basis, rounding to the nearest month) or (2) if such release (or any successor release) is not published during the week preceding the calculation date or does not contain such yields, the rate per year equal to the semi-annual equivalent yield to maturity of the Comparable Treasury Issue (expressed as a percentage of its principal amount) equal to the Comparable Treasury Price for such redemption date, in each case calculated on the third Business Day immediately preceding the date that the applicable redemption notice is first mailed or delivered electronically if held at DTC, in each case, plus 0.50%.

“Comparable Treasury Issue” means, with respect to either series of Notes, the United States Treasury security selected by the Quotation Agent as having a maturity comparable to the remaining term of the Notes of such series from the redemption date to March 1, 2024 (in the case of the 2029 Notes) or March 1, 2026 (in the case of the 2031 Notes), that would be utilized, at the time of selection and in accordance with customary financial practice, in pricing new issues of corporate debt securities of a maturity most nearly equal to March 1, 2024 (in the case of the 2029 Notes) or March 1, 2026 (in the case of the 2031 Notes).

“Comparable Treasury Price” means, with respect to any redemption date, if clause (2) of the Adjusted Treasury Rate definition is applicable, the average of three, or such lesser number as is obtained by the Issuer, Reference Treasury Dealer Quotations for such redemption date.

“Quotation Agent” means the Reference Treasury Dealer selected by the Issuer.

“Reference Treasury Dealer” means each of (1) BofA Securities, Inc., J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. and U.S. Bancorp Investments, Inc.; and (2) a primary U.S. Government securities dealer in the United States selected by BofA Securities, Inc., and in each case the respective successors and assigns of the foregoing.

“Reference Treasury Dealer Quotations” means with respect to each Reference Treasury Dealer and any redemption date, the average, as determined by the Issuer, of the bid and asked prices for the Comparable Treasury Issue, expressed in each case as a percentage of its principal amount, quoted in writing to the Issuer by such Reference Treasury Dealer at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the third Business Day immediately preceding date that the applicable redemption notice is first mailed or delivered electronically if held at DTC.

Selection and Notice of Redemption

If we are redeeming less than all the Notes of any series at any time, the Trustee will select Notes of such series on a pro rata basis, by lot or by such other method in accordance with the procedures of DTC.

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We will redeem Notes with principal amounts of $2,000 or less in whole and not in part. We will cause notices of redemption to be delivered electronically if held at DTC or mailed by first-class mail at least 30 but not more than 60 days before the redemption date to each holder of Notes to be redeemed at its registered address.

If any Note is to be redeemed in part only, the notice of redemption that relates to that Note will state the portion of the principal amount thereof to be redeemed. We will issue a new Note in a principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion of the original Note in the name of the holder thereof upon cancellation of the original Note. Notes called for redemption become due on the date fixed for redemption. On and after the redemption date, interest ceases to accrue on Notes or portions of them called for redemption.

Notice of any redemption upon any corporate transaction or other event (including any Equity Offering, incurrence of indebtedness, Change of Control or other transaction) may be given prior to the completion of such transaction or event. In addition, any redemption described above or notice thereof may, at the Issuer’s discretion, be subject to one or more conditions precedent, including, but not limited to, completion of a corporate transaction or other event. If any redemption is so subject to the satisfaction of one or more conditions precedent, the notice thereof shall describe each such condition and, if applicable, shall state that, in the Issuer’s discretion, the redemption date may be delayed until such time as any or all such conditions shall be satisfied (or waived by the Issuer in its sole discretion), and/or such redemption may not occur and such notice may be rescinded in the event that any or all such conditions shall not have been satisfied (or waived by the Issuer in its sole discretion) by the redemption date, or by the redemption date as so delayed, and/or that such notice may be rescinded at any time by the Issuer if the Issuer determines in its sole discretion that any or all of such conditions will not be satisfied (or waived). In addition, the Issuer may provide in such notice that payment of the redemption price and performance of the Issuer’s obligations with respect to such redemption may be performed by another Person.

No Sinking Fund; Open Market Purchases

We are not required to make any sinking fund payments with respect to the Notes. However, under certain circumstances, we may be required to offer to purchase Notes as described under the captions “—Fundamental Change” and “—Certain Covenants—Limitation on Sales of Assets and Subsidiary Stock.” We may at any time and from time to time purchase Notes in the open market or otherwise.

Guaranties

The Parent and each Subsidiary Guarantor of the Issuer will jointly and severally guarantee, on a senior unsecured basis, our obligations under the Indentures and the Notes. The obligations of each Subsidiary Guarantor under its Subsidiary Guaranty are designed to be limited as necessary to prevent such Subsidiary Guaranty from constituting a fraudulent conveyance under applicable law and, therefore, will be expressly limited to the maximum amount that such Subsidiary Guaranty could guarantee without such Subsidiary Guaranty constituting a fraudulent conveyance. This limitation, however, may not be effective to prevent such Subsidiary Guaranty from constituting a fraudulent conveyance. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to the Notes—A subsidiary guarantee could be voided if it constitutes a fraudulent transfer under U.S. bankruptcy or similar state law, which would prevent the holders of the notes from relying on that subsidiary to satisfy claims.”

If a Subsidiary Guaranty were rendered voidable, it could be subordinated by a court to all other indebtedness (including guarantees and other contingent liabilities) of the applicable Subsidiary Guarantor, and, depending on the amount of such indebtedness, a Subsidiary Guarantor’s liability on its Subsidiary Guaranty could be reduced to zero. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to the Notes—A subsidiary guarantee could be voided if it constitutes a fraudulent transfer under U.S. bankruptcy or similar state law, which would prevent the holders of the notes from relying on that subsidiary to satisfy claims.”

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The Subsidiary Guaranty of a Subsidiary Guarantor will be deemed to be automatically and unconditionally released and discharged, without the need of any action on the part of such Subsidiary Guarantor or the Trustee or otherwise:

(1)        upon the sale or other disposition (including by way of consolidation or merger) of such Subsidiary Guarantor (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any transaction pursuant to which such Subsidiary Guarantor ceases to be a Subsidiary of the Issuer);

(2)        upon the sale or disposition of all or substantially all the assets of such Subsidiary Guarantor;

(3)        upon the designation of such Subsidiary Guarantor as an Unrestricted Subsidiary or a Non-Material Subsidiary pursuant to the terms of the applicable Indenture;

(4)        upon a legal defeasance or satisfaction and discharge of the Notes of the applicable series, as provided under “—Defeasance and Satisfaction and Discharge”;

(5)        as described under “—Amendments and Waivers”; or

(6)        as described under “—Certain Covenants—Suspension of Certain Covenants,”

in the case of clause (1) or (2), other than to the Issuer or a Restricted Subsidiary and as permitted by the applicable Indenture.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the applicable Indenture, the applicable series Notes or the Guaranties of such series of Notes, if the Issuer, due to an error made in good faith, causes any Person to execute the applicable Supplemental Indenture or any other supplement to such Indenture, or any other instrument, purporting to cause such Person to guarantee such series of Notes and become a Subsidiary Guarantor and, at the time of such execution, either (x) such Person is not a domestic Subsidiary of the Issuer; or (y) such Person is neither a Rule 3-10-Eligible Subsidiary nor required to guarantee such series of Notes pursuant to such Indenture, then, notwithstanding such Supplemental Indenture or other supplement or instrument, the Subsidiary Guaranty of such Person shall automatically, and without the need for any action on the part of the Issuer, such Person or the Trustee or otherwise, be null and void, with the same force and effect as if such execution had never occurred. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Issuer and such Person may nonetheless thereafter execute and deliver to the Trustee such instruments or other documents that shall memorialize the nullification of such Subsidiary Guaranty.

“Rule 3-10-Eligible Subsidiary” means, as of any time, a subsidiary of the Rule 3-10 Reporting Entity as of such time, which subsidiary satisfies the ownership requirements set forth in Rule 3-10 of Regulation S-X under Exchange Act (as such rule is in effect as of such time) necessary to permit such subsidiary to omit filing, with the SEC, its financial statements in reliance upon such Rule 3-10 (as in effect as of such time).

“Rule 3-10 Reporting Entity” means, as of any time, the Parent or any subsidiary thereof that, as of such time, has, on file with the SEC, the financial and other disclosures necessary, pursuant to Rule 3-10 of Regulation S-X under Exchange Act (as such rule is in effect as of such time), to permit the Subsidiary Guarantors to omit filing, with the SEC, their respective financial statements in reliance upon such Rule 3-10 (as in effect as of such time). The Parent will be the Rule 3-10 Reporting Entity as of the Original Issue Date.

Not all of our Subsidiaries will guarantee the Notes. Also, the joint venture and fund entities in which we have investments and their respective subsidiaries (which are not Subsidiaries of the Issuer as of the date of the Indentures) are not guarantors and are not subject to any of the obligations and covenants described hereunder. In the event of a bankruptcy, liquidation or reorganization of any of these non-guarantor Subsidiaries, the non-guarantor Subsidiaries will pay the holders of their debt and their trade creditors before they will be able to distribute any of their assets to us. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and the year ended December 31, 2019, the revenues of our non-guarantor subsidiaries constituted approximately 52% and 63%,

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respectively, of the Parent’s consolidated revenues, and the net income of our non-guarantor subsidiaries for such year was approximately $59.7 million and $385.4 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2020, the total assets of those subsidiaries constituted approximately 60% of the Parent’s consolidated total assets, and those subsidiaries had approximately $1,217.6 million of secured non-recourse mortgage indebtedness (excluding debt premium and discount and capitalized loan fees) and $1,290.2 million of unsecured bonds, of which none has recourse to us. However, these figures are as of September 30, 2020 and do not reflect transactions that we have entered into after that date, or future transactions that we may enter into. Depending on the particular terms of any acquisition or other transaction that one or more of our subsidiaries may enter into, those subsidiaries may not be required by the terms of the Indentures to guarantee the Notes. Accordingly, these figures may fluctuate from time to time, and these figures may increase or decrease materially in future periods. For example, the instruments governing our acquisitions (such as the relevant loan agreement, or the terms of the relevant partnership agreement, limited liability company operating agreement or other governing document of the borrower, or any related joint venture agreement or the terms of any relevant Co-Investment Vehicle or separate account or investment program) may prohibit the relevant subsidiary from guaranteeing the Notes. In many of these cases, the Indentures will not require our subsidiaries, including those described above, to guarantee the Notes. In addition, the Indentures will not require Excluded Subsidiaries to guarantee the Notes.

Ranking

The indebtedness evidenced by the Notes and the Guaranties will be senior unsecured obligations and will rank pari passu in right of payment with all other unsecured Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer or the applicable Guarantor, as the case may be.

As of September 30, 2020,

In addition, as of such date, the Issuer and the Subsidiary Guarantors had approximately $22.5 million aggregate principal amount of Guarantees that the Issuer and the Guarantors provided in connection with loans secured by consolidated assets and that are recourse to the Issuer and the Guarantors.

The Issuer and the Guarantors will incur an additional $1,000.0 million principal amount of Indebtedness in connection with this offering.

The Notes and the Guaranties are unsecured obligations of the Issuer and the Guarantors, as the case may be. Secured debt and other secured obligations of the Issuer and the Guarantors will be effectively senior to the Notes and the Guaranties to the extent of the value of the assets securing such debt or other obligations. In addition, all Indebtedness and trade payables of non-guarantor Subsidiaries will be effectively senior to the Notes and the Guaranties.

Not all of our subsidiaries will guarantee the notes. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to the Notes—The notes will not be guaranteed by all of our subsidiaries.”

Although the Indentures contain limitations on the amount of additional Indebtedness that the Issuer and the Restricted Subsidiaries may incur, under certain circumstances, the amount of such Indebtedness could be substantial, and, subject to the limitations set forth in the covenants described under “—Certain Covenants—Limitation on Liens,” such Indebtedness may be secured Indebtedness. See “—Certain Covenants—Limitation on Indebtedness” and “—Limitation on Liens.”

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Fundamental Change

Upon the occurrence of a Fundamental Change, each noteholder shall have the right to require that the Issuer purchase such noteholder’s Notes at a purchase price in cash equal to 101% of the principal amount thereof on the date of purchase plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of purchase (subject to the right of holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date).

Within 30 days following any Fundamental Change, unless we have exercised our option to redeem all the Notes as described under “—Optional Redemption,” we will mail (or deliver electronically, if held at DTC) a notice to each noteholder with a copy to the Trustee (the “Fundamental Change Offer”) stating:

We will not be required to make a Fundamental Change Offer with respect to any series of Notes following a Fundamental Change if (a) a third party makes the Fundamental Change Offer for such series of Notes in the manner, at the times and otherwise in compliance with the requirements set forth in the applicable Indenture applicable to a Fundamental Change Offer made by us and purchases all Notes of such series validly tendered and not withdrawn under such Fundamental Change Offer; or (b) we have exercised our option to redeem all the Notes of such series pursuant to the provisions described under “—Optional Redemption.”

We will comply, to the extent applicable, with the requirements of Section 14(e) of the Exchange Act and any other securities laws or regulations in connection with the purchase of Notes as a result of a Fundamental Change. To the extent that the provisions of any securities laws or regulations conflict with the provisions of the covenant described hereunder, we will comply with the applicable securities laws and regulations and shall not be deemed to have breached our obligations under the covenant described hereunder by virtue of our compliance with such securities laws or regulations.

The Fundamental Change purchase feature of the Notes may in certain circumstances make more difficult or discourage a sale or takeover of the Issuer and, thus, the removal of incumbent management. The Fundamental Change purchase feature is a result of negotiations between the Issuer and the underwriters of the Notes. We have no present intention to engage in a transaction that would result in a Fundamental Change, although it is possible that, in the future, we could decide to engage in a transaction that would result in a Fundamental Change. Subject to the limitations discussed below, we could, in the future, enter into certain transactions, including acquisitions, refinancings or other recapitalizations, that would not constitute a Change of Control or result in a Termination of Trading under the Indentures, but that could increase the amount of indebtedness outstanding at such time or otherwise affect our capital structure or credit ratings. Restrictions on our ability to Incur additional Indebtedness are contained in the covenants described under “—Certain Covenants—Limitation on Indebtedness,” and “—Limitation on Liens,” which limitations may terminate as described under “—Defeasance and Satisfaction and Discharge” below. Such restrictions can only be waived

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with the consent of the holders of a majority in principal amount of the Notes then outstanding. Except for the limitations contained in such covenant, however, the Indentures will not contain any covenants or provisions that may afford holders of the Notes protection in the event of a highly leveraged transaction.

Holders may not be entitled to require us to purchase their Notes in certain circumstances involving a significant change in the composition of our Board of Directors, including in connection with a proxy contest where our Board of Directors does not approve a dissident slate of directors but approves them as continuing directors, even if our Board of Directors initially opposed the directors.

The Credit Agreement provides that the occurrence of certain change of control events with respect to the Issuer would constitute a default thereunder. Future indebtedness that we may incur may contain prohibitions on the occurrence of certain events that would constitute a Fundamental Change or require the purchase of such indebtedness upon a Fundamental Change. Moreover, the exercise by the holders of their right to require us to purchase the Notes could cause a default under such indebtedness, even if the Fundamental Change itself does not, due to the financial effect of such purchase on us. Our ability to pay cash to the holders of Notes following the occurrence of a Fundamental Change may be limited by our then existing financial resources. There can be no assurance that sufficient funds will be available when necessary to make any required purchases. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to the Notes—We may not have the ability to raise the funds necessary to finance a fundamental change offer.”

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, a Fundamental Change Offer may be made in advance of a Change of Control, or conditional upon such Change of Control, if a definitive agreement is in place for the Change of Control at the time of making of such Fundamental Change Offer.

The phrase “all or substantially all,” as used with respect to the assets of the Issuer in the definition of “Change of Control,” is subject to interpretation under applicable state law, and its applicability in a given instance would depend upon the facts and circumstances. As a result, there may be a degree of uncertainty in ascertaining whether a sale or transfer of “all or substantially all” the assets of the Issuer has occurred in a particular instance, in which case a holder’s ability to obtain the benefit of these provisions could be unclear.

The provisions under the Indentures relative to our obligation to make an offer to purchase the Notes of any series as a result of a Fundamental Change may be waived or modified with the written consent of the holders of a majority in principal amount of the Notes of such series.

For purposes of this discussion of a repurchase of the Notes following a Fundamental Change, “Change of Control” means the occurrence of any of the following:

(1)         any “person” or “group” (as such term is used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act) is or becomes the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rules 13d-3 and 13d-5 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of more than 35% (or, in the case of any Permitted Holder, 50%) of the total voting power of the Voting Stock of the Parent;

(2)         individuals who on the Original Issue Date constituted the Board of Directors (together with any new directors whose election by such Board of Directors or whose nomination for election by the shareholders of the Parent was approved by a vote of a majority of the directors of the Parent then still in office who were either directors on the Original Issue Date or whose election or nomination for election was previously so approved) cease for any reason to constitute a majority of the Board of Directors of the Parent then in office;

(3)         the adoption of a plan relating to the liquidation or dissolution of the Parent;

(4)         the merger or consolidation of the Parent with or into another Person or the merger of another Person with or into the Parent, or the sale of all or substantially all the consolidated assets of the Parent, to another Person, other than a transaction following which (A) in the case of a merger or consolidation transaction,

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holders of securities that represented 100% of the Voting Stock of the Parent immediately prior to such transaction (or other securities into which such securities are converted as part of such merger or consolidation transaction) own, directly or indirectly, at least a majority of the voting power of the Voting Stock of the surviving Person in such merger or consolidation transaction immediately after such transaction and (B) in the case of a sale of assets transaction, the transferee Person becomes the obligor in respect of the Notes of the applicable series and a Subsidiary of the transferor of such assets; or

(5)     (i) the Parent ceases to beneficially own, directly or indirectly, at least 90% of the Capital Stock of the Issuer; or (ii) any “person” or “group” (as such term is used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act) is or becomes the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rules 13d-3 and 13d-5 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of more than 35% (or, in the case of any Permitted Holder, 50%) of the total voting power of the Voting Stock of the Issuer.

For purposes of determining beneficial ownership under clause (1) above, no Permitted Holder shall be deemed to be a “person” or “group” (as such term is used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act) with Fairfax.

Certain Covenants

Each of the Indentures contains, among others, the covenants described below.

Suspension of Certain Covenants

If on any date following the Original Issue Date:

then, beginning on that day and subject to the provisions of the following paragraph:

(a)         the covenants under such Indenture described below under the captions “—Limitation on Indebtedness,” “—Limitation on Restricted Payments,” “—Limitation on Restrictions on Distributions from Restricted Subsidiaries,” and “—Limitation on Sales of Assets and Subsidiary Stock” will be suspended;

(b)         the Subsidiary Guaranty of each Subsidiary Guarantor under such Indenture will be automatically and unconditionally released and discharged, without the need of any action on the part of such Subsidiary Guarantor, the Parent or the Trustee or otherwise (subject to reinstatement as described below), provided that at the time the conditions described in the bullet points below the caption “—Certain Covenants—Suspension of Certain Covenants” are satisfied, there is no outstanding Indebtedness of the Parent, the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary that is Guaranteed by such Subsidiary Guarantor (other than pursuant to (x) a Guarantee that would constitute a Permitted Non-Recourse Carve-Out Guarantee or (y) Guarantees that, together with all other Guarantees relying on the exception described in this clause (y), do not in the aggregate exceed the greater of (1) $350.0 million and (2) 5.0% of Total Assets); and

(c)         the provisions of such Indenture described under the caption “—Future Guarantors” will be suspended with respect to the requirement to issue any Subsidiary Guaranty under such Indenture that would qualify to be suspended pursuant to the provisions described in clause (b) above; and

(d)         clause (3) of the covenant under such Indenture described below under the caption “—Merger and Consolidation” will be suspended.

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For the avoidance of doubt, if the condition set forth in the proviso to of clause (b) above ceases to be satisfied with respect to a Subsidiary whose Subsidiary Guaranty is suspended in accordance with the provisions described in such clause, then such suspension will automatically lapse and the Issuer will cause such Subsidiary to become a Guarantor under the applicable Indenture in accordance with the covenant described under “—Future Guarantors” to the extent required by the terms of such covenant.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if, after such a suspension has commenced with respect to either Indenture, the condition described in the first bullet point below the caption “—Suspension of Certain Covenants” above ceases to be satisfied, then (1) the foregoing covenants and provisions will be reinstituted under such Indenture as of and from the date of such rating decline; and (2) the suspension of each Subsidiary Guaranty under such Indenture pursuant to clause (b) above will terminate, without the need for any action by the Issuer, any Subsidiary Guarantor, the Parent or the Trustee or otherwise, and such Subsidiary Guaranty shall be automatically reinstated and the Issuer shall cause such Subsidiary Guarantor to take all actions the Trustee deems necessary or appropriate to evidence such Subsidiary Guaranty. For the avoidance of doubt, calculations under the reinstated “Limitation on Restricted Payments” covenant under such Indenture will be made as if such covenant had been in effect since April 1, 2011, except that no default will be deemed to have occurred under such Indenture solely by reason of a Restricted Payment made prior to the date of the applicable Supplemental Indenture or during the time such that covenant was suspended.

There can be no assurance that the Notes of either series will ever achieve an investment grade rating or that any such rating will be maintained.

Limitation on Indebtedness

(a)        The Issuer will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, Incur, directly or indirectly, any Indebtedness; provided, however, that the Issuer and the Restricted Subsidiaries will be entitled to Incur Indebtedness (including revolving credit Indebtedness) if, on the date of such Incurrence and after giving effect thereto (and the use of proceeds, if any, therefrom, in accordance with the definition of Maximum Balance Sheet Leverage Ratio), no Default has occurred and is continuing and the Maximum Balance Sheet Leverage Ratio is no greater than 1.5 to 1.0.

(b)        Notwithstanding the foregoing paragraph (a), the Issuer and the Restricted Subsidiaries will be entitled to Incur any or all of the following Indebtedness:

(1)        Indebtedness Incurred by the Issuer pursuant to any Credit Facility (including the Credit Agreement); provided, however, that, immediately after giving effect to any such Incurrence, the aggregate principal amount of all Indebtedness Incurred under this clause (1) and then outstanding does not exceed the greater of (x) $700.0 million and (y) 10.0% of Total Assets;

(2)        Indebtedness owed to and held by the Issuer or a Restricted Subsidiary; provided, however, that (A) any subsequent issuance or transfer of any Capital Stock which results in any such Restricted Subsidiary ceasing to be a Restricted Subsidiary or any subsequent transfer of such Indebtedness (other than to the Issuer or a Restricted Subsidiary) shall be deemed, in each case, to constitute the Incurrence of such Indebtedness by the obligor thereon and (B) if the Issuer is the obligor on such Indebtedness, such Indebtedness is expressly subordinated to the prior payment in full in cash of all obligations with respect to the Notes;

(3)        the Notes (other than any Additional Notes);

(4)        Indebtedness of the Issuer and its Subsidiaries outstanding on the Original Issue Date (other than Indebtedness described in clause (1), (2) or (3) of this covenant);

(5)        Indebtedness of a Restricted Subsidiary Incurred and outstanding on or prior to the date on which such Subsidiary was acquired by the Issuer (other than Indebtedness Incurred in connection

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with, or to provide all or any portion of the funds or credit support utilized to consummate, the transaction or series of related transactions pursuant to which such Subsidiary became a Subsidiary or was acquired by the Issuer); provided, however, at the time of such acquisition and after giving effect thereto, the aggregate principal amount of all Indebtedness Incurred pursuant to this clause (5) and then outstanding does not exceed $25.0 million;

(6)        Refinancing Indebtedness in respect of Indebtedness Incurred pursuant to paragraph (a) or pursuant to clause (3), (4), (5), (15) or this clause (6); provided, however, that to the extent such Refinancing Indebtedness directly or indirectly Refinances Indebtedness of a Subsidiary Incurred pursuant to clause (5), such Refinancing Indebtedness shall be Incurred only by such Subsidiary;

(7)        Hedging Obligations of the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary entered into in the ordinary course of business and not for the purpose of speculation;

(8)        obligations in respect of letters of credit, performance, bid and surety bonds, completion guarantees, budget guarantees, payment obligations in connection with self-insurance or similar requirements provided by the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary in the ordinary course of business;

(9)        Indebtedness arising from the honoring by a bank or other financial institution of a check, draft or similar instrument drawn against insufficient funds in the ordinary course of business; provided, however, that such Indebtedness is extinguished within five Business Days of its Incurrence;

(10)        Indebtedness with respect to workers’ compensation claims or representing deferred compensation to employees incurred in the ordinary course of business;

(11)        any Guarantee (including the Subsidiary Guaranties) by the Issuer or a Restricted Subsidiary of Indebtedness or other obligations of the Issuer or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries so long as the Incurrence of such Indebtedness by the Issuer or such Restricted Subsidiary is permitted under the terms of the applicable Indenture;

(12)        Indebtedness arising from agreements providing for indemnification, deposits, adjustment of purchase price or similar obligations, in each case, Incurred or assumed in connection with the acquisition or disposition of any business, assets or a Subsidiary; provided, however, that (A) such Indebtedness is not reflected on the balance sheet of the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary (contingent obligations referred to in a footnote or footnotes to financial statements and not otherwise reflected on the balance sheet will not be deemed to be reflected on such balance sheet for purposes of this clause (A)) and (B) in the case of a disposition, the maximum liability in respect of such Indebtedness shall at no time exceed the gross proceeds including noncash proceeds (the fair market value of such noncash proceeds being determined at the time received and without giving effect to any subsequent changes in value) actually received by the Issuer or such Restricted Subsidiary in connection with such disposition;

(13)        Non-Recourse Indebtedness, Permitted Non-Recourse Carve-Out Guarantees and Permitted Co-investments;

(14)    Indebtedness of the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary (together with any refinancing thereof) in an aggregate principal amount which, when taken together with all other Indebtedness of the Issuer and the Restricted Subsidiaries outstanding on the date of such Incurrence (other than Indebtedness permitted by clauses (1) through (13) above or paragraph (a)), does not exceed the greater of (x) $350.0 million and (y) 5.0% of Total Assets; and

(15)        Indebtedness, other than in respect of borrowed money, incurred in the ordinary course of business consisting of (A) customer deposits and advance payments received; (B) take-or-pay obligations contained in supply arrangements; and (C) open accounts extended by suppliers on normal trade terms in connection with purchases of goods and services that are not overdue for a period of more than 90 days or, if overdue for more than 90 days, as to which a dispute exists and adequate reserves in conformity with GAAP have been established.

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(c)        Notwithstanding the foregoing, none of the Issuer or any Subsidiary Guarantor will Incur any Indebtedness pursuant to the foregoing paragraph (b) if the proceeds thereof are used, directly or indirectly, to Refinance any Subordinated Obligations of the Issuer or any Subsidiary Guarantor unless such Indebtedness shall be subordinated to the Notes or the applicable Subsidiary Guaranty to at least the same extent as such Subordinated Obligations.

(d)        For purposes of determining compliance with this covenant: (1) in the event that an item of Indebtedness meets the criteria of more than one of the types of Indebtedness described above, the Issuer, in its sole discretion, will be permitted to classify all or a portion of such item of Indebtedness at the time of Incurrence, or later reclassify all or a portion of such item of Indebtedness, in one of the above clauses in any manner that complies with the covenant; and (2) the Issuer will be entitled to divide and classify or reclassify an item of Indebtedness in more than one of the types of Indebtedness described above. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Indebtedness incurred under the Credit Agreement will be deemed to have been incurred under clause (1) of paragraph (b) above and the Issuer shall not be permitted to reclassify all or any portion of such Indebtedness. Indebtedness permitted by this covenant need not be permitted solely by reference to one provision permitting such Indebtedness, but may be permitted in part by one such provision and in part by one or more other provisions of this covenant permitting such Indebtedness. For the avoidance of doubt, the outstanding principal amount of any particular Indebtedness shall be counted only once and any obligations arising under any Guarantee, Lien, letter of credit or similar instrument supporting such Indebtedness shall not be double counted.

(e)        For purposes of determining compliance with any U.S. dollar restriction on the Incurrence of Indebtedness where the Indebtedness Incurred is denominated in a different currency, the amount of such Indebtedness will be the U.S. Dollar Equivalent determined on the date of the Incurrence of such Indebtedness, provided, however, that if any such Indebtedness denominated in a different currency is subject to a Currency Agreement with respect to U.S. dollars covering all principal, premium, if any, and interest payable on such Indebtedness, the amount of such Indebtedness expressed in U.S. dollars will be as provided in such Currency Agreement. The principal amount of any Refinancing Indebtedness Incurred in the same currency as the Indebtedness being Refinanced will be the U.S. Dollar Equivalent of the Indebtedness Refinanced, except to the extent that (1) such U.S. Dollar Equivalent was determined based on a Currency Agreement, in which case the Refinancing Indebtedness will be determined in accordance with the preceding sentence; and (2) the principal amount of the Refinancing Indebtedness exceeds the principal amount of the Indebtedness being Refinanced, in which case the U.S. Dollar Equivalent of such excess will be determined on the date such Refinancing Indebtedness is Incurred.

(f)        In no event shall an Incurrence of Indebtedness made on the basis of consolidated financial statements prepared in good faith to be in accordance with GAAP be subject to rescission or constitute a Default by reason of any requisite subsequent restatement of such financial statements that would have made such Incurrence prohibited at the time that it was made.

(g)        Notwithstanding anything to the contrary described above, if any Indebtedness for money borrowed in the form of notes (including, without limitation, Additional Notes), or any guarantees thereof, are originally issued by the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary in a private placement transaction and are thereafter exchanged for substantially identical notes or guarantees of the same principal amount in an exchange offer pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-4 under the Securities Act, pursuant to a customary “A/B exchange,” then, for purposes of the covenant described under this “—Limitation on Indebtedness” section, (x) the notes and guarantees issued in such exchange will be deemed to represent the same notes and guarantees surrendered in exchange therefor in such exchange; and (y) the issuance of such notes and guarantees in such exchange will be deemed not to be a new Incurrence of Indebtedness, provided that the Incurrence of the Indebtedness represented by such notes and guarantees in such private placement did not violate the provisions of the covenant described under this “—Limitation on Indebtedness” section.

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Limitation on Restricted Payments

(a)        The Issuer will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary, directly or indirectly, to make a Restricted Payment if at the time the Issuer or such Restricted Subsidiary makes such Restricted Payment:

(1)        a Default shall have occurred and be continuing (or would result therefrom);

(2)        the Issuer is not entitled to Incur an additional $1.00 of Indebtedness pursuant to paragraph (a) of the covenant described under “—Limitation on Indebtedness”; or

(3)        the aggregate amount of such Restricted Payment and all other Restricted Payments made on or after the Original Issue Date would exceed the sum of (without duplication):

(A)        50% of the Consolidated Net Income accrued during the period (treated as one accounting period) from April 1, 2011 to the end of the most recent fiscal quarter ended for which internal financial statements are available prior to the date of such Restricted Payment (or, in case such Consolidated Net Income shall be a deficit, minus 100% of such deficit); plus

(B)        100% of the aggregate Net Cash Proceeds received by the Issuer from the issuance or sale of its Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock) subsequent to April 5, 2011 (other than an issuance or sale to a Subsidiary of the Issuer and other than an issuance or sale to an employee stock ownership plan or to a trust established by the Issuer or any of its Subsidiaries for the benefit of their employees) and 100% of any cash capital contribution received by the Issuer from its shareholders subsequent to the April 5, 2011; plus

(C)        the amount by which Indebtedness of the Issuer is reduced on the Issuer’s balance sheet upon the conversion or exchange (other than by a Subsidiary of the Issuer) subsequent to April 5, 2011 of any Indebtedness of the Issuer convertible or exchangeable for Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock) of the Issuer or the Parent (less the amount of any cash, or the fair value of any other property, distributed by the Issuer upon such conversion or exchange); plus

(D)        an amount equal to the sum of the following since April 5, 2011: (x) the net reduction in the Investments (other than Permitted Investments) made by the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary in any Person resulting from repurchases, repayments or redemptions of such Investments by such Person, payments of interest on Indebtedness, dividends, repayments of loans or advances, or proceeds realized on the sale of such Investment and proceeds representing the return of capital, in each case received by the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary since the Original Issue Date; and (y) to the extent such Person is an Unrestricted Subsidiary, the portion (proportionate to the Issuer’s or its Restricted Subsidiary’s equity interest in such Subsidiary) of the fair market value of the net assets of such Unrestricted Subsidiary at the time such Unrestricted Subsidiary is designated a Restricted Subsidiary; provided, however, that the foregoing sum in this clause (D) shall not exceed, in the case of any such Person or Unrestricted Subsidiary, the amount of Investments (excluding Permitted Investments) previously made (and treated as a Restricted Payment) by the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary in such Person or Unrestricted Subsidiary.

(b)        The preceding provisions will not prohibit:

(1)        (A) any Restricted Payment made out of the Net Cash Proceeds of the substantially concurrent sale of, or made by exchange for, Capital Stock of the Issuer (other than Disqualified Stock and other than Capital Stock issued or sold to a Subsidiary of the Issuer or an employee stock ownership plan or to a trust established by the Issuer or any of its Subsidiaries for the benefit of their employees) subsequent to the Original Issue Date; or (B) any Restricted Payment made out of a substantially concurrent cash capital contribution received by the Issuer from its shareholders subsequent to the Original Issue Date; provided, however, that (i) such Restricted Payment shall be excluded in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments; and (ii) the Net Cash Proceeds from such sale or such

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cash capital contribution (to the extent so used for such Restricted Payment) shall be excluded from the calculation of amounts under clause (3)(B) of paragraph (a) above;

(2)        any purchase, repurchase, redemption, defeasance or other acquisition or retirement for value of Subordinated Obligations of the Issuer or a Subsidiary Guarantor made by exchange for, or out of the proceeds of the substantially concurrent sale of, Subordinated Obligations which is permitted to be Incurred pursuant to the covenant described under “—Limitation on Indebtedness”; provided, however, that such purchase, repurchase, redemption, defeasance or other acquisition or retirement for value shall be excluded in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments;

(3)        dividends paid within 60 days after the date of declaration thereof if at such date of declaration such dividend would have complied with this covenant; provided, however, that such dividend shall be included in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments;

(4)        (A) payments or distributions to employees of the Parent, the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary pursuant to incentive plans or other compensation arrangements approved by the Board of Directors (including, without limitation, dividends or other distributions on Capital Stock held by such employees) or (B) payments or distributions to employees of the Parent, the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary of “co-investment return,” “carried interest” or other form of incentive compensation or performance fees or any distribution of an equity interest in respect thereof, or any other incentive distributions from Investment Subsidiaries or Co-investment Vehicles; provided, however, that such payments or distributions under this clause (4) shall be excluded in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments;

(5)        so long as no Default has occurred and is continuing, the repurchase or other acquisition (including, without limitation, by means of withholding shares upon vesting) of shares of Capital Stock of the Parent or the Issuer or any of the Issuer’s Subsidiaries from employees (including substantially full-time independent contractors), former employees, directors, former directors or consultants of the Issuer or any of its Subsidiaries (or permitted transferees of such employees, former employees, directors, former directors or consultants), pursuant to the terms of the agreements (including employment agreements) or plans (or amendments thereto) approved by the Board of Directors of the Parent or its Subsidiaries under which such individuals purchase or sell or are granted (or are granted the option to purchase or sell) shares of such Capital Stock (including pursuant to any net exercise or net settlement provisions); provided, however, that the aggregate amount of such repurchases and other acquisitions for cash (excluding any withholding of shares upon vesting for the purpose of paying any related taxes in connection with such vesting) shall not exceed the sum of (A) $15.0 million; (B) the Net Cash Proceeds from the sale of Capital Stock to members of management, consultants or directors of the Issuer and its Subsidiaries that occurred or occurs after April 5, 2011 (to the extent the Net Cash Proceeds from the sale of such Capital Stock have not otherwise been applied to the payment of Restricted Payments by virtue of clause (3)(B) of paragraph (a) above); and (C) the cash proceeds of any “key man” life insurance policies that are used to make such repurchases; provided further, however, that (x) such repurchases and other acquisitions shall be excluded in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments; and (y) the Net Cash Proceeds from such sale shall be excluded from the calculation of amounts under clause (3)(B) of paragraph (a) above;

(6)        dividends to the Parent to be used by the Parent solely to pay its franchise taxes and other fees required to maintain its corporate existence and to pay for general corporate and overhead expenses (including salaries, insurance and other compensation of the employees) incurred by the Parent in the ordinary course of its business; provided, however, that such dividends shall not exceed $5.0 million in any calendar year; provided further, however, that such dividends shall be excluded in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments;

(7)        so long as no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, dividends or other payments to Parent to be used by Parent to pay dividends to the holders of the Parent’s Series A Preferred Stock issued and outstanding as of the Original Issue Date, provided, however, that the

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aggregate amount of such dividends or other payments shall not exceed $17,250,000 per year (provided that any unused amounts in any year continue to carry forward and increase such limit in each subsequent year); provided further, however, that such dividends or other payments shall be excluded in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments;

(8)        payments to the Parent in respect of federal, state and local taxes directly attributable to (or arising as a result of) the operations of the Issuer and its consolidated Subsidiaries; provided, however, that the amount of such payments in any fiscal year shall not exceed the amount that the Issuer and its consolidated Subsidiaries would be required to pay in respect of federal, state and local taxes for such fiscal year were the Issuer to pay such taxes as a stand-alone taxpayer (whether or not all such amounts are actually used by the Parent for such purposes); provided further, however, that such payments shall be excluded in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments;

(9)        Investments made pursuant to commitments to Invest if at the date such commitment was made, such Investment would have complied with this covenant; provided, however, that such Investment shall be excluded in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments;

(10)        upon the occurrence of a Change of Control (or similarly defined term in other Indebtedness) and within 90 days after completion of the Fundamental Change Offer (including the purchase of all Notes tendered), any repayment, repurchase, redemption, defeasance or other acquisition or retirement for value of any Indebtedness of the Issuer or the Subsidiary Guarantors that is contractually subordinated to the Notes or to any Subsidiary Guaranty that is required to be repurchased or redeemed pursuant to the terms thereof as a result of such Change of Control (or similarly defined term in other Indebtedness), at a purchase price not greater than 101% of the outstanding principal amount or liquidation preference thereof (plus accrued and unpaid interest and liquidated damages, if any);

(11)        upon the occurrence of a Fundamental Change (or similarly defined term in the certificate of designation of the Parent’s Series A Preferred Stock) and within 90 days after completion of the Fundamental Change Offer (including the purchase of all Notes tendered), any repayment, repurchase, redemption, defeasance or other acquisition or retirement for value of Parent’s Series A Preferred Stock (or any dividend or other payment to Parent for such purpose) that is required to be repurchased or redeemed pursuant to the terms thereof as a result of such Fundamental Change (or similarly defined term in the certificate of designation of Parent’s Series A Preferred Stock), at a purchase price not greater than the purchase prices specified in the certificate of designation of Parent’s Series A Preferred Stock as in effect on the Original Issue Date;

(12)        within 90 days after completion of any offer to repurchase Notes pursuant to “—Limitation on Sales of Assets and Subsidiary Stock” (including the purchase of all Notes tendered), any repayment, repurchase, redemption, defeasance or other acquisition or retirement for value of any Indebtedness of the Issuer or the Subsidiary Guarantors that is contractually subordinated to the Notes or to any Subsidiary Guaranty that is required to be repurchased or redeemed pursuant to the terms thereof as a result of such Asset Disposition (or similarly defined term in other Indebtedness), at a purchase price not greater than 100% of the outstanding principal amount or liquidation preference thereof (plus accrued and unpaid interest and liquidated damages, if any);

(13)        the payment of any amounts in respect of Capital Stock by any Restricted Subsidiary organized as a partnership or a limited liability company or other pass-through entity: (a) to the extent of capital contributions made to such Restricted Subsidiary (other than capital contributions made to such Restricted Subsidiary by the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary); or (b) to the extent necessary for holders thereof to pay taxes with respect to the net income of such Restricted Subsidiary; provided, however, that except in the case of clause (b), no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing at the time of such Restricted Payment or would result therefrom; provided, further, however, such amounts shall be excluded in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments;

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(14)        the payment of any dividend or distributions by a Restricted Subsidiary of the Issuer to the holders of its Capital Stock pursuant to the terms of the relevant partnership agreement, limited liability company operating agreement or other governing document of the Restricted Subsidiary; provided, however, that such amounts shall be excluded in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments;

(15)        dividends or other distributions on Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock) of the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary, which Capital Stock was issued, sold or transferred as consideration in connection with the direct or indirect acquisition of real property (including any back-to-back issuance, sale or transfer to the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary), which dividends or distributions shall not exceed $25.0 million; and

(16)        Restricted Payments in an aggregate amount which, when taken together with all Restricted Payments made pursuant to this clause (16) which have not been repaid, does not exceed the greater of (x) $200.0 million; and (y) 3.0% of Total Assets; provided, however, that (A) at the time of such Restricted Payments, no Default shall have occurred and be continuing (or result therefrom) and (B) such Restricted Payments shall be excluded in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments.

In no event shall a Restricted Payment made on the basis of consolidated financial statements prepared in good faith to be in accordance with GAAP be subject to rescission or constitute a Default by reason of any requisite subsequent restatement of such financial statements that would have made such Restricted Payment prohibited at the time that it was made.

For purposes of determining compliance with this covenant: (1) in the event that a Restricted Payment meets the criteria of more than one of the types of Restricted Payments described in the sub-clauses to clause (b) above, the Issuer, in its sole discretion, will be permitted to classify all or a portion of such Restricted Payment at the time it is made, or later reclassify all or a portion of such Restricted Payment, in one of the above sub-clauses in any manner that complies with the covenant; and (2) the Issuer will be entitled to divide and classify a Restricted Payment in more than one of the types of Restricted Payments described in the sub-clauses to clause (b) above.

For purposes of the above, the sum of the amounts referred to in paragraphs (A), (B), (C) and (D) of clause (a)(3) above as of September 30, 2020 was approximately $1.76 billion.

Limitation on Restrictions on Distributions from Restricted Subsidiaries

The Issuer will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, create or otherwise cause or permit to exist or become effective any consensual encumbrance or restriction on the ability of any Restricted Subsidiary to (a) pay dividends or make any other distributions on its Capital Stock to the Issuer or a Restricted Subsidiary or pay any Indebtedness owed to the Issuer; (b) make any loans or advances to the Issuer; or (c) transfer any of its property or assets to the Issuer, except:

(1)        with respect to clauses (a), (b) and (c),

(A)        any encumbrance or restriction pursuant to an agreement of the Issuer or any of its Subsidiaries in effect at or entered into on the Original Issue Date;

(B)        any encumbrance or restriction contained in the terms of any agreement pursuant to which Indebtedness was issued if (x) either (i) the encumbrance or restriction applies only in the event of and during the continuance of a payment default or a covenant default contained in such Indebtedness or agreement; or (ii) the Issuer determines at the time such Indebtedness is Incurred (and at the time of any modification of the terms of any such encumbrance or restriction) that any such encumbrance or restriction will not materially affect the Issuer’s ability to make principal or interest payments on the Notes; and (y) the encumbrance or restriction is not materially more disadvantageous to the holders of the Notes than is customary in comparable financings or agreements (as determined by the Issuer in good faith);

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(C)        any encumbrance or restriction with respect to a Restricted Subsidiary pursuant to an agreement relating to any Indebtedness Incurred by such Restricted Subsidiary on or prior to the date on which such Restricted Subsidiary was acquired by the Issuer (other than Indebtedness Incurred as consideration in, or to provide all or any portion of the funds or credit support utilized to consummate, the transaction or series of related transactions pursuant to which such Restricted Subsidiary became a Restricted Subsidiary or was acquired by the Issuer) and outstanding on such date;

(D)        any encumbrance or restriction pursuant to an agreement effecting a Refinancing of Indebtedness Incurred pursuant to an agreement referred to in clause (A), (B) or (C) of clause (1) of this covenant or this clause (D) or contained in any amendment to an agreement referred to in clause (A), (B) or (C) of clause (1) of this covenant or this clause (D); provided, however, that the encumbrances and restrictions with respect to such Restricted Subsidiary contained in any such refinancing agreement or amendment are not materially less favorable, taken as a whole, to the noteholders than encumbrances and restrictions with respect to such Restricted Subsidiary contained in such predecessor agreements;

(E)        any encumbrance or restriction pursuant to customary restrictions on, or customary conditions to the payment of dividends or other distributions on, equity interests owned by the Issuer or any Subsidiary in any joint venture or similar enterprise contained in the constitutive documents, including shareholders’ or similar agreements, of such joint venture or enterprise, to the extent encumbrances or restrictions apply solely to the income of such joint venture or similar enterprise;

(F)        any encumbrance or restriction pursuant to customary restrictions contained in (i) agreements governing any Non-Recourse Indebtedness or Permitted Co-investments; or (ii) the terms of the relevant partnership agreement, limited liability company operating agreement or other governing document of the entity that is the borrower (or the direct parent of the borrower) under any Non-Recourse Indebtedness or of any Co-investment Vehicle;

(G)        any encumbrance or restriction contained in the terms of any agreement governing Indebtedness directly or indirectly secured by real property or other related assets that are customary for real property financing transactions, such as cash collateral accounts or impounds or reserves required for payment of taxes, insurance, security deposits, capital expenditures and repairs, interest and tenant improvements and leasing commissions; and

(H)        any encumbrance or restriction pursuant to applicable law; and

(2)        with respect to clause (c) only,

(A)        any such encumbrance or restriction consisting of customary non-assignment provisions in leases governing leasehold interests or licenses of intellectual property to the extent such provisions restrict the transfer of the lease or the property leased or licensed thereunder;

(B)        restrictions contained in security agreements, mortgages or other agreements securing Indebtedness of a Restricted Subsidiary or any agreement governing Non-Recourse Indebtedness to the extent such restrictions restrict the transfer of the property subject to such security agreements, mortgages or Non-Recourse Indebtedness;

(C)        restrictions on the transfer of assets subject to any Lien permitted under the applicable Indenture imposed by the holder of such Lien;

(D)        any restriction with respect to a Restricted Subsidiary or its assets imposed pursuant to an agreement entered into for the sale or disposition of all or substantially all of the Capital Stock or assets of such Restricted Subsidiary pending the closing of such sale or disposition; and

(E)        arising or agreed to in the ordinary course of business, not relating to any Indebtedness, and that do not, individually or in the aggregate, detract from the value of the property or assets of the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary in a manner material to the Issuer and its Restricted Subsidiaries, taken as a whole.

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Limitation on Sales of Assets and Subsidiary Stock

(a)        The Issuer will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, consummate any Asset Disposition unless:

(1)        the Issuer or such Restricted Subsidiary receives consideration at the time of such Asset Disposition at least equal to the fair market value (including as to the value of all noncash consideration), as determined in good faith by members of the Issuer’s senior management, of the shares and assets subject to such Asset Disposition;

(2)        at least 75% of the consideration thereof received by the Issuer or such Restricted Subsidiary is in the form of cash or cash equivalents, Temporary Cash Investments or Replacement Assets or a combination of cash and cash equivalents, Temporary Cash Investments, and Replacement Assets; provided, however, that with respect to the sale of one or more real estate properties or related property, plant and equipment, or loans secured by real estate, up to 75% of the consideration may consist of Indebtedness of the purchaser of such real estate properties or related property, plant and equipment, or loans secured by real estate, so long as such Indebtedness is secured by a first or second priority Lien on the real estate property or properties or related property, plant and equipment, or loans secured by real estate, sold;

(3)        an amount equal to 100% of the Net Available Cash from such Asset Disposition is applied by the Issuer (or such Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be):

(A)        first, to the extent the Issuer elects (or is required by the terms of any Indebtedness), to prepay, repay, redeem or purchase secured Indebtedness of the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary or Indebtedness (other than Disqualified Stock) of any other Wholly Owned Subsidiary (in each case other than Indebtedness owed to the Issuer or an Affiliate of the Issuer) within one year from the later of the date of such Asset Disposition or the receipt of such Net Available Cash;

(B)        second, to the extent of the balance of such Net Available Cash after application in accordance with clause (A), to the extent the Issuer elects, to make a capital expenditure or to acquire Replacement Assets within one year from the later of the date of such Asset Disposition or the receipt of such Net Available Cash; and

(C)        third, to the extent of the Excess Proceeds (as defined below), to make an offer to the holders of the Notes (and to holders of other Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer designated by the Issuer) to purchase Notes (and such other Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer) pursuant to and subject to the conditions contained in the applicable Indenture;

provided, however, that in connection with any prepayment, repayment or purchase of Indebtedness pursuant to clause (A) or (C) above (excluding temporary reductions of revolving credit indebtedness made pursuant to the covenant described in the last sentence of the next paragraph), the Issuer or such Restricted Subsidiary shall permanently retire such Indebtedness and shall cause the related loan commitment (if any) to be permanently reduced in an amount equal to the principal amount so prepaid, repaid or purchased; provided further, however, the Issuer will be deemed to have complied with clause (B) above if and to the extent that, within 365 days after the later of the Asset Disposition or the receipt of Net Available Cash, the Issuer or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries has entered into and not abandoned or rejected a binding agreement to make a capital expenditure or to acquire Replacement Assets, and that such capital expenditure or acquisition is thereafter completed within 180 days after the end of such 365-day period.

The Net Available Cash of an Asset Disposition not applied pursuant to clauses (3)(A) and (B) above constitute “Excess Proceeds.” Excess Proceeds of less than $50.0 million will be carried forward and accumulated. When accumulated Excess Proceeds equal or exceed such amount, the Issuer must, within 30 days, make an offer to purchase the Notes, in accordance with clause (3)(C) above. Pending application of Net

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Available Cash pursuant to this covenant, such Net Available Cash shall be invested in Temporary Cash Investments or applied to temporarily reduce revolving credit indebtedness.

For the purposes of this covenant, the following are deemed to be cash or cash equivalents:

(1)        the assumption of Indebtedness of the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary and the release of the Issuer or such Restricted Subsidiary from all liability on such Indebtedness in connection with such Asset Disposition; and

(2)        securities received by the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary from the transferee that are converted by the Issuer or such Restricted Subsidiary into cash within 180 days of receipt.

(b)        In the event of an Asset Disposition that requires the purchase of Notes (and other Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer) pursuant to clause (a)(3)(C) above, the Issuer will purchase Notes tendered pursuant to an offer by the Issuer for the Notes (and such other Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer) at a purchase price of 100% of their principal amount (or, in the event such other Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer was issued with significant original issue discount, 100% of the accreted value thereof), without premium, plus accrued but unpaid interest, if any, (or, in respect of such other Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer, such lesser price, if any, as may be provided for by the terms of such Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer) in accordance with the procedures (including prorating in the event of oversubscription) set forth in the applicable Indenture. If the aggregate purchase price of the securities tendered exceeds the Net Available Cash allotted to their purchase, the Issuer will select the securities to be purchased on a pro rata basis but in round denominations, which in the case of the Notes will be denominations of $2,000 principal amount or integral multiples of $1,000 greater thereof. The Issuer shall not be required to make such an offer to purchase Notes (and other Senior Indebtedness of the Issuer) pursuant to this covenant if the Excess Proceeds are less than $5.0 million (which lesser amount shall be carried forward for purposes of determining whether such an offer is required with respect to the Net Available Cash from any subsequent Asset Disposition).

(c)        The Issuer will comply, to the extent applicable, with the requirements of Section 14(e) of the Exchange Act and any other securities laws or regulations in connection with the purchase of Notes pursuant to this covenant. To the extent that the provisions of any securities laws or regulations conflict with provisions of this covenant, the Issuer will comply with the applicable securities laws and regulations and will not be deemed to have breached its obligations under this clause by virtue of its compliance with such securities laws or regulations.

Limitation on Affiliate Transactions

(a)        The Issuer will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, enter into or permit to exist any transaction (including the purchase, sale, lease or exchange of any property, employee compensation arrangements or the rendering of any service) with, or for the benefit of, any Affiliate of the Issuer (an “Affiliate Transaction”) unless:

(1)        the terms of the Affiliate Transaction are no less favorable to the Issuer or such Restricted Subsidiary than those that could be obtained at the time of the Affiliate Transaction in arm’s-length dealings with a Person who is not an Affiliate;

(2)        if such Affiliate Transaction involves an amount in excess of the greater of $25.0 million and 1% of Total Assets, the terms of the Affiliate Transaction are set forth in writing and a majority of the directors of the Issuer disinterested with respect to such Affiliate Transaction have determined in good faith that the criteria set forth in clause (1) are satisfied and have approved such Affiliate Transaction as evidenced by a resolution of the Board of Directors; and

(3)        if such Affiliate Transaction involves an amount in excess of $100.0 million, the Board of Directors shall also have received a written opinion from an Independent Qualified Party to the effect that such Affiliate Transaction is fair, from a financial standpoint, to the Issuer or the applicable

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Restricted Subsidiary or is not less favorable to the Issuer or the applicable Restricted Subsidiary than could reasonably be expected to be obtained at the time in an arm’s-length transaction with a Person who was not an Affiliate.

(b)        The provisions of the preceding paragraph (a) will not prohibit:

(1)        any Investment or other Restricted Payment, in each case not prohibited pursuant to the covenant described under “—Limitation on Restricted Payments”;

(2)        any issuance of securities, or other payments, awards or grants in cash, securities or otherwise pursuant to, or the funding of, employment or compensation arrangements, stock options and stock ownership plans approved by the Board of Directors (for the avoidance of doubt, including, without limitation, securities of, and stock options and stock ownership plans relating to, the Parent, the Issuer or any of their respective Subsidiaries);

(3)        loans or advances to employees or consultants in the ordinary course of business of the Issuer or its Restricted Subsidiaries;

(4)        the payment of reasonable fees and compensation to, or the provision of employee benefit arrangements and indemnity for the benefit of, directors, officers, employees and consultants of the Issuer and its Restricted Subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business;

(5)        any transaction between or among the Issuer, any Restricted Subsidiary, any Co-investment Vehicle or joint venture or similar entity (including any separate account or investment program managed, operated or sponsored by an Investment Subsidiary) which would constitute an Affiliate Transaction solely because the Issuer or a Restricted Subsidiary owns an equity interest in or otherwise controls such Restricted Subsidiary, Co-investment Vehicle, joint venture or similar entity (including any separate account or investment program managed, operated or sponsored by an Investment Subsidiary);

(6)        (i) the issuance or sale of any Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock) of the Issuer or the Parent; (ii) or the issuance, sale or transfer of Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock) of any Restricted Subsidiary as consideration (at the time of such issuance, sale or transfer pursuant to this clause (ii) at least equal to fair market value (as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors of the Issuer)) in connection with the direct or indirect acquisition of real property; or (iii) the purchase of any securities of the Issuer or the Parent by an Affiliate of the Issuer pursuant to a public offering (or pursuant to a private offering under Rule 144A under the Securities Act (or any similar transaction) on customary terms whereby such securities are purchased by one or more broker-dealers and resold to qualified institutional buyers), which purchase by such Affiliate under this clause (iii) is on the same terms as other investors in such offering (other than any waiver or non-applicability of underwriters’ (or initial purchasers’) discounts or commissions);

(7)        the existence of, or the performance by the Issuer or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries of its obligations under the terms of any stockholders agreement (including any registration rights agreement or purchase agreement related thereto) or warrant agreement to which it is a party as of the Original Issue Date and any similar agreements which it may enter into thereafter; provided, however, that the existence of, or the performance by the Issuer or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries of obligations under any future amendment to any such existing agreement or under any similar agreement entered into after the Original Issue Date shall only be permitted by this clause (7) to the extent that the terms of any such amendment or new agreement are not otherwise disadvantageous to the noteholders in any material respect;

(8)        any agreement as in effect on the Original Issue Date and described or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus, or any renewals, extensions or amendments of any such agreement (so long as such renewals, extensions or amendments are not less favorable to the Issuer or the Restricted Subsidiaries) and the transactions evidenced thereby; and

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(9)        transactions with customers, clients, suppliers or purchasers or sellers of goods or services in each case in the ordinary course of business and otherwise in compliance with the terms of the applicable Indenture which are fair to the Issuer or its Restricted Subsidiaries, in the reasonable determination of the Board of Directors of the Issuer or the senior management thereof, or are on terms at least as favorable as might reasonably have been obtained at such time from an unaffiliated party.

Limitation on Liens

The Issuer will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, Incur or permit to exist any Lien (the “Initial Lien”) of any nature whatsoever on any of its properties (including Capital Stock of a Restricted Subsidiary), whether owned at the Original Issue Date or thereafter acquired, securing any Obligations, other than Permitted Liens, without effectively providing that the Notes (or a Subsidiary Guaranty in the case of an Initial Lien of a Subsidiary Guarantor) shall be secured equally and ratably with (or, in the event the Lien related to Subordinated Obligations, prior to) the Obligations so secured for so long as such Obligations are so secured. Any Lien created for the benefit of the holders of the Notes pursuant to the preceding sentence shall provide by its terms that such Lien shall be automatically and unconditionally released and discharged upon the release and discharge of the Initial Lien.

Limitation on Sale/Leaseback Transactions

The Issuer will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, enter into any Sale/Leaseback Transaction with respect to any property unless:

(1)        the Issuer or such Restricted Subsidiary would be entitled to (A) Incur Indebtedness in an amount equal to the Attributable Debt with respect to such Sale/Leaseback Transaction pursuant to the covenant described under “—Limitation on Indebtedness”; and (B) create a Lien on such property securing such Attributable Debt without equally and ratably securing the Notes pursuant to the covenant described under “—Limitation on Liens”;

(2)        the net proceeds received by the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary in connection with such Sale/ Leaseback Transaction are at least equal to the fair value (as determined by the Board of Directors of the Issuer) of such property; and

(3)        the Issuer applies the proceeds of such transaction in compliance with the covenant described under “—Limitation on Sales of Assets and Subsidiary Stock.”

Merger and Consolidation

The provisions described below apply to the Notes and the Guaranties in lieu of the provisions described in the accompanying prospectus under the heading “Description of Debt Securities—Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets.” The provisions described below apply only to the Notes and the Guaranties and not to any other series of debt securities or related guaranties issued pursuant to the Base Indenture.

The Issuer will not consolidate with or merge with or into, or convey, transfer or lease, in one transaction or a series of transactions, directly or indirectly, all or substantially all its assets to, any Person, unless:

(1)        the resulting, surviving or transferee Person (the “Successor Company”) shall be a Person organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof or the District of Columbia and the Successor Company (if not the Issuer) shall expressly assume, by an indenture supplemental thereto, executed and delivered to the Trustee, all the obligations of the Issuer under the applicable series of Notes and the Indenture governing such series of Notes;

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(2)        immediately after giving pro forma effect to such transaction (and treating any Indebtedness which becomes an obligation of the Successor Company or any Subsidiary as a result of such transaction as having been Incurred by such Successor Company or such Subsidiary at the time of such transaction), no Default shall have occurred and be continuing under such Indenture;

(3)        immediately after giving pro forma effect to such transaction, the Successor Company would be able to Incur an additional $1.00 of Indebtedness pursuant to paragraph (a) of the covenant under such Indenture described under “—Limitation on Indebtedness”; and

(4)        the Issuer shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation, merger or transfer and such supplemental indenture (if any) comply with such Indenture;

provided, however, that clause (3) will not be applicable to (A) a Restricted Subsidiary consolidating with, merging into or transferring all or part of its properties and assets to the Issuer or (B) the Issuer merging with an Affiliate of the Issuer solely for the purpose and with the sole effect of reincorporating the Issuer in another jurisdiction.

The Successor Company will be the successor to the Issuer and shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Issuer under the applicable Indenture, and the predecessor Issuer, except in the case of a lease, shall be released from the obligation to pay the principal of and interest on the applicable series of Notes.

The Issuer will not permit any Subsidiary Guarantor to consolidate with or merge with or into, or convey, transfer or lease, in one transaction or a series of transactions, all or substantially all of its assets to any Person unless:

(1)        except in the case of a Subsidiary Guarantor that has been disposed of in its entirety to another Person (other than to the Issuer or an Affiliate of the Issuer), whether through a merger, consolidation or sale of Capital Stock or assets, if in connection therewith the Issuer provides an Officer’s Certificate to the Trustee stating that the Issuer will comply with its obligations under the covenant under the applicable Indenture described under “—Limitation on Sales of Assets and Subsidiary Stock” in respect of such disposition, the resulting, surviving or transferee Person (if not such Subsidiary) shall be a Person organized and existing under the laws of the jurisdiction under which such Subsidiary was organized or under the laws of the United States of America, or any State thereof or the District of Columbia, and such Person shall expressly assume, by a Guaranty Agreement, all the obligations of such Subsidiary, if any, under its Subsidiary Guaranty under such Indenture;

(2)        immediately after giving effect to such transaction or transactions on a pro forma basis (and treating any Indebtedness which becomes an obligation of the resulting, surviving or transferee Person as a result of such transaction as having been issued by such Person at the time of such transaction), no Default shall have occurred and be continuing under such Indenture; and

(3)        the Issuer delivers to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation, merger or transfer and such Guaranty Agreement, if any, complies with such Indenture.

The Parent will not consolidate with or merge with or into, or convey, transfer or lease, in one transaction or a series of transactions, all or substantially all of its assets to any Person unless:

(1)        the resulting, surviving or transferee Person (if not the Parent) shall be a Person organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof or the District of Columbia, and such Person shall expressly assume, by a Guaranty Agreement, all the obligations of the Parent, if any, under its Guaranty under the applicable Indenture;

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(2)        immediately after giving effect to such transaction or transactions on a pro forma basis (and treating any Indebtedness which becomes an obligation of the resulting, surviving or transferee Person as a result of such transaction as having been issued by such Person at the time of such transaction), no Default shall have occurred and be continuing under such Indenture; and

(3)        the Issuer delivers to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate stating that such consolidation, merger or transfer and such Guaranty Agreement, if any, complies with such Indenture.

Future Guarantors

On the Original Issue Date, the Parent and the initial Subsidiary Guarantors will execute and deliver each Supplemental Indenture agreeing to fully and unconditionally Guarantee the applicable series of Notes (including any Additional Notes of such series) on an unsecured, senior basis. The Issuer will covenant that, after the Original Issue Date, it will cause each domestic Restricted Subsidiary (other than (i) any Excluded Subsidiary and (ii) Restricted Subsidiary prohibited from providing a Guarantee by any agreement governing Non-Recourse Indebtedness (or the terms of the relevant partnership agreement, limited liability company operating agreement or other governing document of the entity that is the borrower (or the direct parent of the borrower) under any Non-Recourse Indebtedness), any joint venture agreement or the terms of any Co-investment Vehicle or any separate account or investment program managed, operated or sponsored by an Investment Subsidiary) to execute and deliver to the Trustee a Guaranty Agreement under the applicable Indenture pursuant to which such domestic Restricted Subsidiary will Guarantee payment of the Notes of the applicable series on the same terms and conditions as those set forth in such Indenture. For the avoidance of doubt, the Issuer may, in its sole discretion, but is not required to, cause any Excluded Subsidiary to execute and deliver to the Trustee such a Guaranty Agreement.

Not all of our subsidiaries that acquire properties or other assets in the future will become guarantors of the Notes. For example, the terms of the Non-Recourse Indebtedness agreements, partnership agreements, limited liability company operating agreements, other governing documents, joint venture agreements, Co-investment Vehicles, separate accounts and investment programs referred to above may prohibit the relevant subsidiary from guaranteeing the Notes. In many cases, the Indentures do not require these subsidiaries to guarantee the Notes. Accordingly, noteholders will not have a direct claim against these subsidiaries for payments on the Notes. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to the Notes—The notes will not be guaranteed by all of our subsidiaries.”

SEC Reports

Notwithstanding that the Issuer may not be subject to the reporting requirements of Sections 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, the Issuer will file with the SEC and make available to the noteholders and deliver a copy to the Trustee within 15 days after it files them with the SEC such annual reports and such information, documents and other reports as are specified in Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Exchange Act and applicable to a U.S. corporation subject to such Sections, such information, documents and other reports to be so filed with the SEC at the times specified for the filings of such information, documents and reports under such Sections; provided, however, that the Issuer shall not be so obligated to file such reports with the SEC if the SEC does not permit such filing, in which event the Issuer will make available such information to noteholders and deliver a copy to the Trustee within 15 days after the time the Issuer would be required to file such information with the SEC if it were subject to Sections 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act; provided further, however, that (a) so long as the Parent is the Guarantor of the Notes, the reports, information and other documents required to be filed and provided as described hereunder may, at the Issuer’s option, be filed by and be those of the Parent rather than the Issuer; and (b) in the event that the Parent conducts any business or holds any significant assets other than the capital stock of the Issuer at the time of filing and providing any such report, information or other document containing financial statements of the Parent, the Parent shall include in such report, information or other document summarized financial information (as defined in Rule 1-02(bb) of Regulation S-X promulgated by the SEC) with respect to the Issuer; provided further, however, that in no event shall the Issuer or the Parent be required to make available to the Trustee or noteholders any material for which the Issuer or the Parent is seeking, or has received, confidential treatment by the SEC, or any correspondence with the SEC or its staff. For

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purposes of this covenant, reports, information and documents publicly available on the SEC’s EDGAR system (or any successor thereto) shall be deemed to be available to the Trustee and noteholders. Delivery of reports to the Trustee is for information purposes only, and the Trustee’s receipt thereof shall not constitute actual or constructive notice of any information contained therein including compliance with any covenants under the Indentures (as to which the Trustee is entitled to rely upon officer’s certificates).

Defaults

The provisions described below apply to the Notes and the Guaranties in lieu of the provisions described in the accompanying prospectus under the heading “Description of Debt Securities—Events of Default.” The provisions described below apply only to the Notes and the Guaranties and not to any other series of debt securities or related guaranties issued pursuant to the Base Indenture.

Each of the following is an Event of Default with respect to each series of Notes under the applicable Indenture:

(1)        a default in the payment of interest on the Notes of such series when due, continued for 30 days;

(2)        a default in the payment of principal of any Note of such series when due at its Stated Maturity, upon redemption, upon required purchase, upon declaration of acceleration or otherwise;

(3)        the failure by the Issuer, the Parent or any Subsidiary Guarantor to comply with its obligations under such Indenture described under “—Certain Covenants—Merger and Consolidation”;

(4)        the failure by the Issuer, the Parent or any Subsidiary Guarantor, as the case may be, to comply for 60 days after receipt of written notice with any of its agreements contained in such Indenture (other than any other agreement specifically referred to in any of the other clauses of this definition of Event of Default), including its obligations in the covenants under such Indenture described above under “—Fundamental Change” (other than a failure to purchase Notes), “—Certain Covenants—Limitation on Indebtedness,” “—Certain Covenants—Limitation on Restricted Payments,” “—Certain Covenants—Limitation on Restrictions on Distributions from Restricted Subsidiaries,” “—Certain Covenants—Limitation on Sales of Assets and Subsidiary Stock” (other than a failure to purchase Notes), “—Certain Covenants—Limitation on Affiliate Transactions,” “—Certain Covenants—Limitation on Liens,” “—Certain Covenants—Limitation on Sale/Leaseback Transactions” or “—Certain Covenants—Future Guarantors”;

(5)        the failure by the Issuer or the Parent, as the case may be, to comply for 180 days after receipt of written notice with any of its obligations in the covenant under such Indenture described above under “—Certain Covenants—SEC Reports” (provided that, if applicable, failure by the Issuer or the Parent to comply with the provisions of Section 314(a) of the Trust Indenture Act will not in itself be deemed a Default or an Event of Default under such Indenture);

(6)        Indebtedness (other than Non-Recourse Indebtedness) of the Issuer, any Subsidiary Guarantor or any Significant Subsidiary is not paid within any applicable grace period after final maturity or is accelerated by the holders thereof because of a default and the total amount of such Indebtedness unpaid or accelerated exceeds $75.0 million (this clause (6), the “cross acceleration provision”);

(7)        certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of the Issuer, any Subsidiary Guarantor or any Significant Subsidiary (the “bankruptcy provisions”);

(8)        any final judgment or decree for the payment of money (other than judgments which are covered by enforceable insurance policies issued by solvent carriers) in excess of $50.0 million is entered against the Issuer, any Subsidiary Guarantor or any Significant Subsidiary, remains outstanding for a period of 60 consecutive days following such judgment becoming final and is not discharged, waived or stayed within 10 days after notice (the “judgment default provision”); or

(9)        the Parent Guaranty or a Subsidiary Guaranty of such series of Notes ceases to be in full force and effect (other than in accordance with the terms of such Guaranty) or a Guarantor denies or disaffirms its obligations under its Guaranty of such series of Notes.

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However, a default under clause (4), (5) or (8) will not constitute an Event of Default until the Trustee notifies the Issuer or the holders of 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Notes of the applicable series notify the Issuer with a copy to the Trustee of the default in writing and the Issuer does not cure such default within the time specified after receipt of such notice. In the event of any Event of Default specified under clause (6), such Event of Default and all consequences thereof (excluding any resulting payment default, other than as a result of acceleration of Notes) shall be annulled, waived and rescinded, automatically and without any action by the Trustee or the holders, if within 30 days after such Event of Default arose: (a) holders of the applicable series of Notes have rescinded or waived the acceleration, notice or action (as the case may be) giving rise to such Event of Default; or (b) the default that is the basis for such Event of Default has been cured.

No Event of Default with respect to a particular series of debt securities under the Base Indenture (except as to certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization) necessarily constitutes an event of default with respect to any other series of debt securities under the Base Indenture. The occurrence of certain Events of Default or an acceleration under the Indentures may constitute an event of default under certain other indebtedness of the Issuer or its subsidiaries outstanding from time to time.

If an Event of Default occurs and is continuing under either Indenture, then the Trustee or the Holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Notes of the applicable series may, by written notice to the Issuer (and to the Trustee if the notice is given by the Holders of such series of Notes), declare the principal of and accrued but unpaid interest, if any, on all the Notes of such series to be due and payable. Upon such declaration, such principal and interest on such series of Notes shall be due and payable immediately. However, if an Event of Default relating to certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of the Issuer occurs and is continuing, the principal of and interest on all the Notes will ipso facto become and be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any holders of the Notes. Under certain circumstances, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Notes of either series may rescind any such acceleration with respect to the Notes of such series and its consequences.

In case an Event of Default occurs under either Indenture and is continuing, the Trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers under such Indenture at the request or direction of any of the holders of the Notes of the applicable series unless such holders have offered to the Trustee indemnity or security satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense. Except to enforce the right to receive payment of principal, premium (if any) or interest when due, no holder of a Note of either series may pursue any remedy with respect to the applicable Indenture or the Notes of such series unless:

(1)        such holder has previously given the Trustee written notice that an Event of Default is continuing;

(2)        holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Notes of such series have requested the Trustee to pursue the remedy;

(3)        such holders have offered the Trustee security or indemnity satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense;

(4)        the Trustee has not complied with such request within 60 days after the receipt thereof and the offer of security or indemnity; and

(5)        holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Notes of such series have not given the Trustee a direction inconsistent with such request within such 60-day period.

Subject to certain restrictions, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Notes of either series are given the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee or of exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee. The Trustee, however, may refuse to follow any direction that conflicts with law or applicable Indenture or that the Trustee determines is unduly prejudicial to the rights of any other holder of a Note of such series or that would involve the Trustee in personal liability.

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Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Indenture, holders of the Notes will have an absolute and unconditional right to receive payment of the principal of, and interest on, the Notes on or after the due dates expressed in applicable Indenture and the Notes and to institute suit for the enforcement of payment.

If a Default or Event of Default occurs and is continuing under either Indenture, Trustee shall mail to each Holder of the Notes of the applicable series notice of such Default or Event of Default within 90 days after it occurs or, if later, after a responsible officer of the Trustee has knowledge of such Default or Event of Default. Except in the case of a Default in the payment of principal of or interest on any Note, the Trustee may withhold notice if and so long as a committee of its trust officers determines that withholding notice is not opposed to the interest of the holders of the Notes of the applicable series. In addition, we are required to deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year, a certificate indicating whether the signers thereof know of any Default that occurred under the applicable Indenture during the previous year. We are required to deliver to the Trustee, within 30 days after the occurrence thereof, written notice of any event which would constitute certain Defaults under the applicable Indenture, their status and what action we are taking or propose to take in respect thereof.

As to the waiver of defaults, see “—Amendments and Waivers.”

Amendments and Waivers

The Base Indenture or any debt security (other than the Notes) of a series established pursuant to the Base Indenture may be amended in the manner set forth in the accompanying prospectus under the heading “Description of Debt Securities—Modification and Waiver.” However, an amendment to the Base Indenture, the Supplemental Indenture relating to any series of Notes, the Notes of such series or the Guaranties of such series of Notes that amends, supplements or modifies the terms of such Supplemental Indenture, the Notes of such series or the Guaranties of the Notes of such series must satisfy the provisions described in this “—Amendments and Waivers” section in lieu of the provisions described in the accompanying prospectus under the heading “Description of Debt Securities—Modification and Waiver.” The provisions described below apply only to the Notes and the Guaranties and not to any other series of debt securities or related guaranties issued pursuant to the Base Indenture.

Subject to certain exceptions, the Indenture governing either series of Notes may be amended with the consent of the holders of a majority in principal amount of the Notes of such series then outstanding (including consents obtained in connection with a tender offer or exchange for the Notes of such series) and any past default or compliance with any provisions may also be waived with the consent of the holders of a majority in principal amount of the Notes of such series then outstanding. However, without the consent of each holder of an outstanding Note of such series affected thereby, an amendment or waiver may not, among other things:

(1)        reduce the amount of Notes of such series whose holders must consent to an amendment;

(2)        reduce the rate of or extend the time for payment of interest on any Note of such series;

(3)        reduce the principal of or extend the Stated Maturity of any Note of such series;

(4)        reduce the amount payable upon the redemption of any Note of such series or change the time at which any Note of such series may be redeemed as described under “—Optional Redemption”;

(5)        make any Note of such series payable in money other than that stated in the Notes of such series;

(6)        impair the right of any holder of the Notes of such series to receive payment of principal of and interest on such holder’s Notes of such series on or after the due dates therefor or to institute suit for the enforcement of any payment on or with respect to such holder’s Notes of such series;

(7)        make any change in the amendment provisions which require the consent of each holder of such series or in the waiver provisions of such Indenture;

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(8)        make any change in the ranking or priority of any Note of such series or any Guaranty of any Note of such series that would adversely affect the holders of such series of Notes; or

(9)        voluntarily release a Subsidiary Guarantor under such Indenture other than in accordance with such Indenture.

Notwithstanding the preceding, without the consent of any holder of Notes of either series, the Issuer, the Parent, the Subsidiary Guarantors and Trustee may amend the Indenture governing such series of Notes to:

(1)        cure any ambiguity, omission, defect or inconsistency;

(2)        provide for the assumption by a successor corporation of the obligations of the Issuer, the Parent or any Subsidiary Guarantor under such Indenture;

(3)        provide for uncertificated Notes of such series in addition to or in place of certificated Notes of such series (provided that the uncertificated Notes of such series are issued in registered form for purposes of Section 163(f) of the Code);

(4)        add guarantees or co-issuers with respect to the Notes of such series, including any Subsidiary Guaranties of Notes of such series, or to secure the Notes of such series;

(5)        add to the covenants of the Issuer, the Parent or any Subsidiary Guarantor for the benefit of the holders of the Notes of such series or to surrender any right or power conferred upon the Issuer, the Parent or any Subsidiary Guarantor;

(6)        make any change that does not materially adversely affect the rights of any holder of the Notes of such series;

(7)        comply with any requirement of the SEC in connection with any required qualification of such Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act;

(8)        conform the text of such Indenture, the Notes of such series or the Guaranties of such series of Notes to any provision of this “Description of the Notes” section;

(9)        amend the provisions of such Indenture relating to the transfer and legending of Notes of such series; provided, however, that (i) compliance with such Indenture as so amended would not result in Notes of such series being transferred in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable securities law and (ii) such amendment does not materially and adversely affect the rights of holders to transfer Notes of such series, except as required by law; or

(10)      provide for any transfer restrictions that apply to any Notes of such series issued under such Indenture (other than the Notes of such series issued in this offering, and any Notes of such series issued in exchange therefor or in substitution thereof) that, at the time of their original issuance, constitute “restricted securities” within the meaning of Rule 144 under the Securities Act or that are originally issued in reliance upon Regulation S under the Securities Act.

The consent of the Holders of the Notes of either series is not necessary under the Indenture governing such series of Notes to approve the particular form of any proposed amendment or waiver. It is sufficient if such consent approves the substance of the proposed amendment or waiver. After an amendment, supplement or waiver pursuant to the provisions described above becomes effective, the Issuer shall deliver electronically, with respect to any Notes that are held in the form of one or more Global Notes (as defined below under the caption “—Book-Entry, Delivery and Form”), or mail to Holders of the Notes of the applicable series, a notice briefly describing such amendment, supplement or waiver. However, the failure to give such notice to all Holders of the Notes of such series, or any defect therein, will not impair or affect the validity of the amendment, supplement or waiver.

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In connection with any amendment, supplement, or waiver, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent to such amendment, supplement or waiver have been satisfied, that such amendment, supplement or waiver is authorized or permitted by the applicable Indenture, and, with respect to such Opinion of Counsel, that such amendment, supplement or waiver is the legal, valid and binding obligation of the parties thereto, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms.

Neither the Issuer nor any Affiliate of the Issuer may, directly or indirectly, pay or cause to be paid any consideration, whether by way of interest, fee or otherwise, to any holder of either series of Notes for or as an inducement to any consent, waiver or amendment of any of the terms or provisions of the Indenture governing such series of Notes, or such series of Notes, unless such consideration is offered to all holders of such series of Notes and is paid to all holders of such series of Notes that so consent, waive or agree to amend in the time frame set forth in solicitation documents relating to such consent, waiver or agreement.

Transfer

The Notes will be issued in registered form and will be transferable only upon the surrender of the Notes being transferred for registration of transfer. We may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax, assessment or other governmental charge payable in connection with certain transfers and exchanges.

Defeasance and Satisfaction and Discharge

The provisions described below apply to the Notes and the Guaranties in lieu of the provisions described in the accompanying prospectus under the heading “Description of Debt Securities—Defeasance of Debt Securities and Certain Covenants in Certain Circumstances.” The provisions described below apply only to the Notes and the Guaranties and not to any other series of debt securities or related guaranties issued pursuant to the Base Indenture.

At any time, we may terminate all our and each Guarantor’s obligations with respect to the Notes of either series or the Guaranties of such series of Notes under such Notes and Guaranties and the applicable Indenture (“legal defeasance”), except for certain obligations, including those respecting the defeasance trust and obligations to register the transfer or exchange of the Notes of such series, to replace mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Notes of such series and to maintain a registrar and paying agent in respect of the Notes of such series.

In addition, under each Indenture, we may, at any time, terminate our obligations under such Indenture described under “—Fundamental Change” and the covenants under such Indenture described under “—Certain Covenants” (other than the covenant described under “—Merger and Consolidation”), the operation of the cross acceleration provision of such Indenture, the bankruptcy provisions of such Indenture with respect to Significant Subsidiaries and the judgment default provision of such Indenture described under “—Defaults” above and the limitations of such Indenture described in clause (3) of the first paragraph under “—Certain Covenants—Merger and Consolidation” above and our Guarantor’s obligations under the Guaranties of the Notes of the applicable series and such Indenture (“covenant defeasance”).

We may exercise our legal defeasance option notwithstanding our prior exercise of our covenant defeasance option. If we exercise our legal defeasance option, payment of the Notes of the applicable series may not be accelerated because of an Event of Default with respect thereto. If we exercise our covenant defeasance option, payment of the Notes of the applicable series may not be accelerated because of an Event of Default specified in clause (4), (5), (7), (8) (with respect only to Significant Subsidiaries) or (9) under “—Defaults” above with respect to such series of Notes or because of the failure of the Issuer to comply with the provision of the applicable Indenture described in clause (3) of the first paragraph under “—Certain Covenants—Merger and Consolidation” above. If we exercise our legal defeasance option or our covenant defeasance option, each Guarantor under the applicable Indenture will be released from all of its obligations with respect to its Guaranty under such Indenture.

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In order to exercise either of our defeasance options, we must irrevocably deposit in trust (the “defeasance trust”) with the Trustee money or U.S. Government Obligations for the payment of principal and interest on the Notes of the applicable series to redemption or maturity, as the case may be, and must comply with certain other conditions, including delivery to the Trustee of an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that the beneficial owners of the Notes of such series will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit and defeasance and will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the same amounts and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit and defeasance had not occurred (and, in the case of legal defeasance only, such Opinion of Counsel must be based on a ruling of the Internal Revenue Service or other change in applicable federal income tax law).

In addition, the Issuer’s obligations under the Notes of either series and with respect to the Notes of such series under the applicable Indenture, and each Guarantor’s obligations under its Guaranty with respect to such series of Notes, will terminate (a “satisfaction and discharge”), subject to certain limitations set forth in such Indenture, if:

(1)        all Notes of such series previously authenticated and delivered (other than (i) destroyed, lost or stolen Notes of such series that have been replaced; (ii) Notes of such series that are paid; or (iii) Notes of such series for whose payment money or U.S. Government Obligations have been held in trust and then repaid to the Issuer in accordance with such Indenture) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation and the Issuer has paid all sums payable by it under such Indenture; or

(2)        (A)        the Notes of such series mature within 60 days, or all of them are to be called for redemption within 60 days under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for giving the notice of redemption;

(B)        the Issuer irrevocably deposits in trust with the Trustee, as trust funds solely for the benefit of the holders of such series of Notes, money or U.S. Government Obligations or a combination thereof sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized investment bank, appraisal firm or firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certificate delivered to the Trustee, without consideration of any reinvestment, to pay principal of and interest on the Notes of such series to maturity or redemption, as the case may be, and to pay all other sums payable by it under such Indenture;

(C)        no Default under such Indenture has occurred and is continuing on the date of the deposit;

(D)        the deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, such Indenture or any other agreement or instrument to which the Issuer is a party or by which it is bound; and

(E)        the Issuer delivers to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate stating that all conditions precedent provided for in such Indenture relating to the satisfaction and discharge of such Indenture have been complied with.

Concerning the Trustee

Wilmington Trust, National Association is to be the Trustee under each Indenture. We have appointed Wilmington Trust, National Association as Registrar and Paying Agent with regard to the Notes.

The Indentures contain certain limitations on the rights of the Trustee, should it become a creditor of the Issuer, to obtain payment of claims in certain cases, or to realize on certain property received in respect of any such claim as security or otherwise. The Trustee will be permitted to engage in other transactions; provided, however, if it acquires any conflicting interest under either Indenture and the Notes of the related series are in default, it must either eliminate such conflict within 90 days, apply to the SEC for permission to continue or resign under such Indenture.

Subject to certain rights of the Trustee, holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Notes of either series will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for

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exercising any remedy available to the Trustee with respect to such series of Notes, subject to certain exceptions. If an Event of Default occurs and is not cured, the Trustee will be required, in the exercise of its power, to use the degree of care of a prudent person in similar circumstances in the conduct of such person’s own affairs. Except during the continual of an Event of Default, the duties of the Trustee shall be determined solely by the express provisions of the applicable Indenture and the Trustee need perform only those duties that are specifically set forth in such Indenture, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into such Indenture against the Trustee. No provision of either Indenture shall require the Trustee to risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if adequate indemnity against such risk is not assured to the Trustee in its satisfaction. The Trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers under either Indenture at the request of any Holder, unless such holder has offered to the Trustee security and indemnity satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense.

No Personal Liability of Directors, Officers, Employees and Stockholders

No director, officer, employee, incorporator, member or stockholder or control person of the Issuer, the Parent or any Subsidiary Guarantor will have any liability for any obligations of the Issuer, the Parent or any Subsidiary Guarantor under the Notes, any Guaranty or the Indentures or for any claim based on, in respect of, or by reason of such obligations or their creation. Each holder of the Notes by accepting a Note waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for issuance of the Notes. Such waiver and release may not be effective to waive liabilities under the U.S. federal securities laws, and it is the view of the SEC that such a waiver is against public policy.

Governing Law

The Indentures, the Notes and the Guaranties, including any claim or controversy arising out of or relating to the Indentures, the Notes or the Guaranties, will be governed by the laws of the State of New York (without regard to the conflicts of laws provisions thereof, other than Section 5-1401 of the General Obligations Law).

Certain Definitions

“2029 Notes” means the Issuer’s     % Senior Notes due 2029.

“2031 Notes” means the Issuer’s     % Senior Notes due 2031.

“Affiliate” of any specified Person means any other Person, directly or indirectly, controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition, “control” when used with respect to any Person means the power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms “controlling” and “controlled” have meanings correlative to the foregoing. For purposes of the covenants described under “—Certain Covenants—Limitation on Restricted Payments,” “—Certain Covenants—Limitation on Affiliate Transactions” and “—Certain Covenants—Limitation on Sales of Assets and Subsidiary Stock” only, “Affiliate” shall also mean any beneficial owner of Capital Stock representing 10% or more of the total voting power of the Voting Stock (on a fully diluted basis) of the Issuer or of rights or warrants to purchase such Capital Stock (whether or not currently exercisable) and any Person who would be an Affiliate of any such beneficial owner pursuant to the first sentence hereof. Solely for purposes of the covenant described under “—Certain Covenants—Limitation on Affiliate Transactions” the term “Affiliate” shall be deemed to exclude Fairfax Financial Holdings Limited, a corporation organized under the laws of Canada, or any subsidiary or affiliate thereof (collectively, “Fairfax”).

“Asset Disposition” means any sale, lease, transfer or other disposition (or series of related sales, leases, transfers or dispositions) by the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary, including any disposition by means of a

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merger, consolidation or similar transaction (each referred to for the purposes of this definition as a “disposition”), of:

(1)        any shares of Capital Stock of a Restricted Subsidiary (other than directors’ qualifying shares or shares required by applicable law to be held by a Person other than the Issuer or a Restricted Subsidiary);

(2)        all or substantially all the assets of any division or line of business of the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary; or

(3)        any other assets of the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary outside of the ordinary course of business of the Issuer or such Restricted Subsidiary (excluding, for the avoidance of doubt, Capital Stock of the Issuer),

other than, in the case of clauses (1), (2) and (3) above,

(A)        a disposition by a Restricted Subsidiary to the Issuer or by the Issuer or a Restricted Subsidiary to a Restricted Subsidiary;

(B)        for purposes of the covenant described under “—Certain Covenants—Limitation on Sales of Assets and Subsidiary Stock” only, a disposition that constitutes a Restricted Payment permitted by the provisions described under “—Certain Covenants—Limitation on Restricted Payments” or a Permitted Investment;

(C)        any sale of Capital Stock in, or Indebtedness or other securities of, an Unrestricted Subsidiary;

(D)        a disposition of Temporary Cash Investments in the ordinary course of business;

(E)        the disposition of property or assets that are obsolete, damaged or worn out;

(F)        the lease or sublease of office space in the ordinary course of business;

(G)        the sale of interests or investments in real estate or related assets and related personal property, or loans secured by real estate, in each case by an Investment Subsidiary or Co-investment Vehicle;

(H)        the issuance, sale or transfer of Capital Stock of any Restricted Subsidiary to employees of the Parent, the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary pursuant to incentive plans or other compensation arrangements approved by the Board of Directors; and

(I)        a disposition of assets with a fair market value of less than $25.0 million;

provided, however, that a disposition of all or substantially all the assets of the Issuer and its Restricted Subsidiaries taken as a whole will be governed by the provisions of the Indentures described above under the caption “—Fundamental Change” and/or the provisions described above under the caption “—Certain Covenants—Merger and Consolidation” and not by the provisions described above under the caption “—Certain Covenants—Limitation on Sales of Assets and Subsidiary Stock” covenant.

“Attributable Debt” in respect of a Sale/Leaseback Transaction means, as at the time of determination, the present value (discounted at the interest rate borne by the Notes of the applicable series, compounded annually) of the total obligations of the lessee for rental payments during the remaining term of the lease included in such Sale/ Leaseback Transaction (including any period for which such lease has been extended); provided, however, that if such Sale/Leaseback Transaction results in a Capital Lease Obligation, the amount of Indebtedness represented thereby will be determined in accordance with the definition of “Capital Lease Obligation.”

“Audit Committee” means the Audit Committee of the Issuer or any committee thereof duly authorized to act on behalf of such Committee.

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“Average Life” means, as of the date of determination, with respect to any Indebtedness, the quotient obtained by dividing:

(1)        the sum of the products of the number of years from the date of determination to the dates of each successive scheduled principal payment of or redemption or similar payment with respect to such Indebtedness multiplied by the amount of such payment, by

(2)        the sum of all such payments.

“Bank Indebtedness” means all Obligations pursuant to the Credit Agreement.

“Board of Directors” means the Board of Directors of the Issuer or any committee thereof duly authorized to act on behalf of such Board.

“Business Day” means each day other than a Saturday, Sunday or a day on which commercial banking institutions are authorized or required by law to close in New York City or the place of payment.

“Capital Lease Obligation” means an obligation that is required to be classified and accounted for as a capital lease for financial reporting purposes in accordance with GAAP, and the amount of Indebtedness represented by such obligation shall be the capitalized amount of such obligation determined in accordance with GAAP; and the Stated Maturity thereof shall be the date of the last payment of rent or any other amount due under such lease prior to the first date upon which such lease may be terminated by the lessee without payment of a penalty. For purposes of the covenant described under “—Certain Covenants—Limitation on Liens,” a Capital Lease Obligation will be deemed to be secured by a Lien on the property being leased. For the avoidance of doubt, Capital Lease Obligations will not include ground leases of real property entered into in the ordinary course of business of the Issuer or its Restricted Subsidiaries.

“Capital Stock” of any Person means any and all shares, interests, rights to purchase, warrants, options, participations or other equivalents of or interests in (however designated) equity of such Person, whether outstanding at the Original Issue Date or issued thereafter, including any Preferred Stock, but excluding any debt securities convertible into such equity (or convertible into any combination of cash and such equity based on the value of such equity).

“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

“Co-investment Vehicle” shall mean an entity (other than a Restricted Subsidiary) formed for the purpose of investing principally, directly or indirectly, in (i) real estate related assets (including Indebtedness (or participations therein) primarily secured by real estate or equity interests in entities, directly or indirectly, primarily owning real estate or related assets) or (ii) unsecured loans (or participations therein) that are part of a loan pool, more than 90% of the aggregate principal balance of which falls within the preceding clause (i).

“Common Stock” shall mean the common stock of the Parent.

“Consolidated Net Income” means, for any period, the net income or loss of the Issuer and its consolidated Subsidiaries for such period determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP after net income or loss attributable to the non-controlling interests and before preferred stock dividends and accretion of issuance costs, plus depreciation and amortization of any real property (including furniture and equipment and other real estate assets); provided, however, that there shall be excluded:

(a)        the income of any such consolidated subsidiary to the extent that the declaration or payment of dividends or similar distributions by such consolidated subsidiary of that income is not at the time permitted by operation of the terms of its charter or any agreement, instrument, judgment, decree, statute, rule or governmental regulation applicable to such consolidated subsidiary;

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(b)        the net income or net loss of any Person, other than the Issuer or a Restricted Subsidiary, except that, subject to the exclusion contained in clause (h) below, the aggregate amount of cash actually distributed by such Person to the Issuer or a Restricted Subsidiary as a dividend or other distribution (subject, in the case of a dividend or other distribution paid to another Restricted Subsidiary, to the limitation contained in clause (a) above) shall be included in determining Consolidated Net Income;

(c)        the income or loss of any person accrued prior to the date it becomes a consolidated subsidiary of the Issuer or is merged into or consolidated with the Issuer or any of its consolidated subsidiaries or the date that such person’s assets are acquired by the Issuer or any of its consolidated subsidiaries;

(d)        any reduction for charges made in accordance with Financial Accounting Standard No. 141, 141R, 142 or 144 or any amendments or successors thereto;

(e)        all extraordinary gains and extraordinary losses and any gains or losses attributable to sales of assets out of the ordinary course of business (for the avoidance of doubt, the sale of real estate and real estate related assets shall always be deemed to be in the ordinary course of business);

(f)        any noncash compensation expense attributable to grants of stock options, restricted stock or similar rights to officers, directors and employees of the Parent, the Issuer or any of its consolidated Subsidiaries;

(g)        any net noncash gain or loss resulting in such period from Hedging Obligations incurred in the ordinary course of business and made in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Codification Topic No. 815; and

(h)        all gain or loss realized as a result of the cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles;

provided further, however, that Consolidated Net Income for any period shall be increased (i) by cash received during such period by the Issuer or any of its consolidated subsidiaries in respect of commissions receivable (net of related commissions payable to brokers) on transactions that were completed by any acquired business prior to the acquisition of such business and which purchase accounting rules under GAAP would require to be recognized as an intangible asset purchased, (ii) increased, to the extent otherwise deducted in determining Consolidated Net Income for such period, by the amortization of intangibles relating to purchase accounting in connection with any acquisition permitted by the applicable Indenture and (iii) increased (or decreased, as the case may be), in connection with the sale of real estate during such period, to eliminate the effect of purchase price allocations to such real estate resulting from the consummation of any acquisition permitted by such Indenture.

“Credit Agreement” means the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement among the Issuer, as borrower, the Parent and certain Subsidiaries of the Parent, as guarantors, Bank of America, N.A., as the administrative agent, Bank of America, N.A. and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as letter of credit issuers and the lenders from time to time party thereto, together with the related documents thereto (including the loans thereunder, any guarantees and security documents), as amended, extended, renewed, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified (in whole or in part, and without limitation as to amount, terms, conditions, covenants and other provisions) from time to time, and any agreement (and related document) governing Indebtedness, including an indenture, incurred to Refinance, in whole or in part, the borrowings and commitments then outstanding or permitted to be outstanding under such Credit Agreement or a successor Credit Agreement.

“Credit Facility” or “Credit Facilities” means one or more debt facilities (including the Credit Agreement), commercial paper facilities, securities purchase agreement, indenture or similar agreement, in each case, with banks or other institutional lenders or investors providing for revolving loans, term loans, receivables financing (including through the sale of receivables to lenders or to special purpose entities formed to borrow from lenders against such receivables), letters of credit or the issuance of securities, including any related notes, guarantees, collateral documents, instruments and agreement executed in connection therewith, and, in each case, as amended, restated, replaced (whether upon or after termination or otherwise), refinanced, supplemented, modified or otherwise changed (in whole or in part, and without limitation as to amount, terms, conditions, covenants and other provisions) from time to time.

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“Currency Agreement” means in respect of a Person any foreign exchange contract, currency swap agreement or other similar agreement designed to protect such Person against fluctuations in currency values.

“Default” means any event which is, or after notice or passage of time or both would be, an Event of Default.

“Disqualified Stock” means, with respect to any Person, any Capital Stock of such Person that by its terms (or by the terms of any security into which it is convertible or for which it is exchangeable at the option of the holder) or upon the happening of any event:

(1)        matures (excluding any maturities as a result of an optional redemption by the issuer thereof) or is mandatorily redeemable pursuant to a sinking fund obligation or otherwise;

(2)        is convertible or exchangeable at the option of the holder for Indebtedness or Disqualified Stock; provided, however, that any security redeemable for cash by the holder that can, at the option of the Parent or its Subsidiaries, instead be redeemed or exchanged for Capital Stock of the Parent or its Subsidiaries that is not Disqualified Stock, shall not be Disqualified Stock); or

(3)        is mandatorily redeemable or must be purchased upon the occurrence of certain events or otherwise, in whole or in part (other than for Capital Stock that is not Disqualified Stock),

in each case on or prior to the first anniversary of the Stated Maturity of the Notes of the applicable series; provided, however, that if such Capital Stock is issued to any employee or to any plan for the benefit of employees of the Parent or its Subsidiaries or by any such plan to such employees, such Capital Stock shall not constitute Disqualified Stock solely because it may be required to be repurchased by the Parent or its Subsidiaries in order to satisfy obligations as a result of such employee’s death or disability; provided further, however, that any Capital Stock that would not constitute Disqualified Stock but for provisions thereof giving holders thereof the right to require such Person to purchase or redeem such Capital Stock upon the occurrence of an “asset sale,” “change of control” or “termination of trading” occurring prior to the first anniversary of the Stated Maturity of the Notes of such series shall not constitute Disqualified Stock if:

(1)        the “asset sale,” “change of control” or “termination of trading” provisions applicable to such Capital Stock are not more favorable to the holders of such Capital Stock than the terms applicable to the Notes of such series and described under “—Certain Covenants—Limitation on Sales of Assets and Subsidiary Stock” and “—Fundamental Change”; and

(2)        any such requirement only becomes operative after compliance with such terms applicable to the Notes of such series, including the purchase of any Notes of such series tendered pursuant thereto.

For the avoidance of doubt, the following shall not constitute Disqualified Stock:

(x)        the Series A Preferred Stock outstanding on the Original Issue Date; and

(y)        future issuances of Capital Stock having terms substantially similar to those of the Series A Preferred Stock, provided that, the “change of control” or “termination of trading” provisions applicable to such Capital Stock are not more favorable to the holders of such Capital Stock than the terms applicable to the Series A Preferred Stock outstanding on the Original Issue Date.

The amount of any Disqualified Stock that does not have a fixed redemption, repayment or repurchase price will be calculated in accordance with the terms of such Disqualified Stock as if such Disqualified Stock were redeemed, repaid or repurchased on any date on which the amount of such Disqualified Stock is to be determined pursuant to the applicable Indenture; provided, however, that if such Disqualified Stock could not be required to be redeemed, repaid or repurchased at the time of such determination, the redemption, repayment or repurchase price will be the book value of such Disqualified Stock as reflected in the most recent financial statements of such Person.

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“Effective Tangible Net Worth” means as of any date of determination, stockholders’ equity of the Issuer and its Restricted Subsidiaries (excluding any amounts attributable to Disqualified Stock), less Intangible Assets.

“Equity Offering” means any primary offering of Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock) of the Parent or the Issuer to Persons who are not (immediately before such offering) Affiliates of the Parent or the Issuer other than (1) public offerings with respect to the Parent’s Common Stock registered on Form S-8 and (2) issuances upon exercise of options by employees of the Parent or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries.

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

“Excluded Subsidiary” means (i) any Non-Material Subsidiary and (ii) any Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Wholly Owned Subsidiary, provided that all such non-Wholly Owned Subsidiaries in this clause (ii) that are not Subsidiary Guarantors may not, in the aggregate at any time, have assets (attributable to the Issuer’s and its domestic Restricted Subsidiaries’ equity interest in such entities) constituting more than 7.5% of the Issuer’s total assets on a consolidated basis based on the Issuer’s most recent internal financial statements.

“Fitch” means Fitch Ratings, Inc.

“Fundamental Change” means the occurrence of a (i) Change of Control or (ii) a Termination of Trading; provided, however, that a Termination of Trading will not constitute a Fundamental Change at any time when (x) no Series A Preferred Stock is outstanding; and (y) there is no other outstanding Capital Stock of the Parent that contains a “termination of trading” provision substantially similar to that contained in the Series A Preferred Stock.

“GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America as in effect from time to time; provided, however, that GAAP shall mean the generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America as in effect as of April 5, 2011 in the event of a change in GAAP after April 5, 2011 that would have a material adverse (including, without limitation, the treatment of an operating lease as Indebtedness) or positive effect on the Issuer, including those set forth in:

(1)        the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants;

(2)        statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board;

(3)        such other statements by such other entity as approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession; and

(4)        the rules and regulations of the SEC governing the inclusion of financial statements (including pro forma financial statements) in periodic reports required to be filed pursuant to Section 13 of the Exchange Act, including opinions and pronouncements in staff accounting bulletins and similar written statements from the accounting staff of the SEC.

“Guarantee” means any obligation, contingent or otherwise, of any Person directly or indirectly guaranteeing any Indebtedness of any Person and any obligation, direct or indirect, contingent or otherwise, of such Person:

(1)        to purchase or pay (or advance or supply funds for the purchase or payment of) such Indebtedness of such Person (whether arising by virtue of partnership or other ownership arrangements, or by agreements to keep-well, to purchase assets, goods, securities or services, to take-or-pay or to maintain financial statement conditions or otherwise); or

(2)        entered into for the purpose of assuring in any other manner the obligee of such Indebtedness of the payment thereof or to protect such obligee against loss in respect thereof (in whole or in part);

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provided, however, that the term “Guarantee” shall not include (i) endorsements for collection or deposit in the ordinary course of business, (ii) customary environmental indemnities and non-recourse carve-out guarantees (including Permitted Non-Recourse Carve-Out Guarantees) requested by lenders in financing transactions secured by real property or loans secured by real estate, or (iii) completion and budget guarantees. The term “Guarantee” used as a verb has a corresponding meaning.

“Guarantor” means the Parent and/or a Subsidiary Guarantor.

“Guaranty” means the Parent Guaranty and/or a Subsidiary Guaranty.

“Guaranty Agreement” means the applicable Indenture as of the Original Issue Date or any supplemental indenture, in a form satisfactory to the Trustee, pursuant to which a Guarantor guarantees the Issuer’s obligations with respect to the Notes of the applicable series on the terms provided for in such Indenture.

“Hedging Obligations” of any Person means the obligations of such Person pursuant to any Interest Rate Agreement, Currency Agreement, commodity price protection or hedging agreement or other similar agreements.

The term “holder” or “noteholder” means the Person in whose name a Note of the applicable series is registered on the Registrar’s books.

“Incur” means issue, assume, Guarantee, incur or otherwise become liable for; provided, however, that any Indebtedness or Capital Stock of a Person existing at the time such Person becomes a Restricted Subsidiary (whether by merger, consolidation, acquisition or otherwise) shall be deemed to be Incurred by such Person at the time it becomes a Restricted Subsidiary. The term “Incurrence” when used as a noun shall have a correlative meaning. Solely for purposes of determining compliance with “—Certain Covenants—Limitation on Indebtedness,” (1) amortization of debt discount or the accretion of principal with respect to a noninterest bearing or other discount security and (2) the payment of regularly scheduled interest in the form of additional Indebtedness of the same instrument or the payment of regularly scheduled dividends on Capital Stock in the form of additional Capital Stock of the same class and with the same terms will not be deemed to be the Incurrence of Indebtedness.

“Indebtedness” means, with respect to any Person on any date of determination (without duplication):

(1)        the principal in respect of (A) indebtedness of such Person for money borrowed and (B) indebtedness evidenced by notes, debentures, bonds or other similar instruments for the payment of which such Person is responsible or liable, including, in each case, any premium on such indebtedness to the extent such premium has become due and payable;

(2)        all Capital Lease Obligations of such Person and all Attributable Debt in respect of Sale/Leaseback Transactions entered into by such Person;

(3)        all obligations of such Person issued or assumed as the deferred purchase price of property, all conditional sale obligations of such Person and all obligations of such Person under any title retention agreement (but excluding trade accounts payable arising in the ordinary course of business);

(4)        all obligations of such Person for the reimbursement of any obligor on any letter of credit, banker’s acceptance or similar credit transaction (other than obligations with respect to letters of credit securing obligations (other than obligations described in clauses (1) through (3) above) entered into in the ordinary course of business of such Person to the extent such letters of credit are not drawn upon or, if and to the extent drawn upon, such drawing is reimbursed no later than the 20th Business Day following payment on the letter of credit);

(5)        the amount of all obligations of such Person with respect to the redemption, repayment or other repurchase of any Disqualified Stock of such Person or, with respect to any Preferred Stock of any Subsidiary of

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such Person, the principal amount of such Preferred Stock to be determined in accordance with the applicable Indenture (but excluding, in each case, any accrued dividends), provided that, provisions relating to waterfall priority returns, carried interest and tax allocations included in partnership agreements, shareholder agreements, limited liability company operating agreements or other constitutive documents entered into in the ordinary course of business shall not constitute Preferred Stock of any Subsidiary of such Person;

(6)        all obligations of the type referred to in clauses (1) through (5) of other Persons and all dividends of other Persons for the payment of which, in either case, such Person is responsible or liable, directly or indirectly, as obligor, guarantor or otherwise, including by means of any Guarantee;

(7)        all obligations of the type referred to in clauses (1) through (6) of other Persons secured by any Lien on any property or asset of such Person (whether or not such obligation is assumed by such Person), the amount of such obligation being deemed to be the lesser of the value of such property or assets and the amount of the obligation so secured; and

(8)        to the extent not otherwise included in this definition, Hedging Obligations of such Person. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in connection with the purchase by the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary of any business or real property, the term “Indebtedness” will exclude post-closing payment adjustments to which the seller may become entitled to the extent such payment is determined by a final closing balance sheet or post-closing prorations or such payment depends on the performance of such business after the closing; provided, however, that, at the time of closing, the amount of any such payment is not determinable and, to the extent such payment thereafter becomes fixed and determined, the amount is paid within 60 days thereafter. Indebtedness of any Person shall include all Indebtedness of any partnership or other entity in which such Person is a general partner or other equity holder with unlimited liability other than (x) Indebtedness which is non-recourse to such Person and its assets (other than pursuant to Permitted Non-Recourse Carve-Out Guarantees) and (y) if such Person is an Investment Subsidiary, the indebtedness of a related Co-investment Vehicle.

The amount of Indebtedness of any Person at any date shall be the outstanding balance at such date of all unconditional obligations as described above and, with respect to contingent obligations, the maximum liability upon the occurrence of the related contingency at such date; provided, however, that the principal amount of any noninterest bearing or other discount security at any date will be the principal amount thereof that would be shown on a balance sheet of such Person dated such date prepared in accordance with GAAP.

For purposes of calculating the Maximum Balance Sheet Leverage Ratio under paragraph (a) of the covenant described under “—Certain Covenants—Limitation on Indebtedness,” the term Indebtedness shall exclude Hedging Obligations of the Issuer and its Restricted Subsidiaries.

“Independent Qualified Party” means an investment banking firm, accounting firm or appraisal firm of national standing; provided, however, that such firm is not an Affiliate of the Issuer.

“Intangible Assets” means, as of any date of determination, intangible assets of the Issuer and its Restricted Subsidiaries under GAAP.

“Interest Rate Agreement” means in respect of a Person any interest rate swap agreement, interest rate cap agreement or other financial agreement or arrangement designed to protect such Person against fluctuations in interest rates.

“Investment” in any Person means any direct or indirect advance, loan (other than advances to customers in the ordinary course of business that are recorded as accounts receivable on the balance sheet of the lender) or other extensions of credit (including by way of Guarantee or similar arrangement) or capital contribution to (by means of any transfer of cash or other property to others or any payment for property or services for the account or use of others), or any purchase or acquisition of Capital Stock, Indebtedness or other similar instruments issued by such Person. Except as otherwise provided for herein, the amount of an Investment

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shall be its fair market value at the time the Investment is made and without giving effect to subsequent changes in value. For the avoidance of doubt, leases to tenants in the ordinary course of business of the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary shall not be deemed to constitute “Investments.”

For purposes of the definition of “Unrestricted Subsidiary,” the definition of “Restricted Payment” and the covenant described under “—Certain Covenants—Limitation on Restricted Payments”:

(1)        “Investment” shall include the portion (proportionate to the Issuer’s equity interest in such Subsidiary) of the fair market value of the net assets of any Subsidiary of the Issuer at the time that such Subsidiary is designated an Unrestricted Subsidiary; provided, however, that upon a redesignation of such Subsidiary as a Restricted Subsidiary, the Issuer shall be deemed to continue to have a permanent “Investment” in an Unrestricted Subsidiary equal to an amount (if positive) equal to (A) the Issuer’s “Investment” in such Subsidiary at the time of such redesignation less (B) the portion (proportionate to the Issuer’s equity interest in such Subsidiary) of the fair market value of the net assets of such Subsidiary at the time of such redesignation; and

(2)        any property transferred to or from an Unrestricted Subsidiary shall be valued at its fair market value at the time of such transfer, in each case as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors.

“Investment Subsidiary” shall mean (1) any Subsidiary engaged principally in the business of directly or indirectly buying, holding, transferring or selling real estate related assets, including securities of companies engaged principally in such business (including, without limitation, Real Estate Companies and Qualified REITs) and Indebtedness secured by real estate or equity interests in entities directly or indirectly owning real estate or related assets, or (2) any Subsidiary engaged principally in the business of investment management, including investing in and/or managing Co-investment Vehicles. For the avoidance of doubt, an “Investment Subsidiary” may be a Restricted Subsidiary or an Unrestricted Subsidiary.

“Lien” means any mortgage, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, lien or charge of any kind (including any conditional sale or other title retention agreement or lease in the nature thereof). For the avoidance of doubt, the grant by any Person of a non-exclusive license to use intellectual property owned by, licensed to, or developed by such Person and such license activity shall not constitute a grant by such Person of a Lien on such intellectual property.

“Maximum Balance Sheet Leverage Ratio” means as of any date of determination with respect to the Issuer and its Restricted Subsidiaries, the ratio of total Indebtedness (excluding Non-Recourse Indebtedness) to Effective Tangible Net Worth, in each case as of the previous quarter end; provided, however, that:

(1)        if the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary has issued any Indebtedness (including if the proceeds of such Indebtedness have been deposited in an escrow account (as described in the definition of “Refinancing Indebtedness”)) since the previous quarter end that remains outstanding or if the transaction giving rise to the need to calculate the Maximum Balance Sheet Leverage Ratio is an issuance of Indebtedness, or both, the Maximum Balance Sheet Leverage Ratio shall be calculated after giving effect on a pro forma basis to such Indebtedness (including a pro forma application of the net proceeds therefrom) as if such Indebtedness had been issued (and the application of any net proceeds therefrom was made) on the last day of the previous quarter; and

(2)        if the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary has repaid, repurchased, defeased or otherwise discharged any Indebtedness (including any discharge of Indebtedness to occur upon release of such funds from any escrow account as referenced above) since the previous quarter end or if the transaction giving rise to the need to calculate Maximum Balance Sheet Leverage Ratio will include the repayment, repurchase, defeasance or discharge of Indebtedness, or both, the Maximum Balance Sheet Leverage Ratio shall be calculated after giving effect on a pro forma basis to the discharge of such Indebtedness, as if such discharge had occurred on the last day of the previous quarter.

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For purposes of this definition, whenever pro forma effect is to be given to an issuance of Indebtedness or the discharge of Indebtedness, the pro forma calculations shall be determined in good faith by a responsible financial or accounting Officer of the Issuer and in a manner that is consistent with Rule 11-02(b)(6) of Regulation S-X promulgated by the SEC.

Solely for purposes of calculating the Maximum Balance Sheet Leverage Ratio under paragraph (a) of the covenant described under “—Certain Covenants—Limitation on Indebtedness,” the term Indebtedness shall exclude (i) Guarantees of Indebtedness of a Co-investment Vehicle or separate account or investment program managed, operated, sponsored or owned wholly or in part by an Investment Subsidiary in an amount not to exceed $100.0 million in the aggregate at any time outstanding; and (ii) Permitted Non-Recourse Carve-Out Guarantees.

“Moody’s” means Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.

“Net Available Cash” from an Asset Disposition means cash payments received therefrom (including any cash payments received by way of deferred payment of principal pursuant to a note or installment receivable or otherwise and proceeds from the sale or other disposition of any securities received as consideration, but only as and when received, but excluding any other consideration received in the form of assumption by the acquiring Person of Indebtedness or other obligations relating to such properties or assets or received in any other noncash form), in each case net of:

(1)        all legal, accounting, investment banking and brokerage fees, title and recording tax expenses, commissions and other fees and expenses incurred, and all federal, state, provincial, foreign and local taxes required to be accrued as a liability under GAAP, as a consequence of such Asset Disposition;

(2)        all payments made on any Indebtedness which is secured by any assets subject to such Asset Disposition, in accordance with the terms of any Lien upon or other security agreement of any kind with respect to such assets, or which must, by applicable law, be repaid out of the proceeds from such Asset Disposition;

(3)        all distributions and other payments required to be made to minority interest holders in Restricted Subsidiaries as a result of such Asset Disposition; and

(4)        the deduction of appropriate amounts provided by the seller as a reserve, in accordance with GAAP, against any liabilities associated with the property or other assets disposed in such Asset Disposition and retained by the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary after such Asset Disposition.

“Net Cash Proceeds,” with respect to any issuance or sale of Capital Stock, means the cash proceeds of such issuance or sale net of attorneys’ fees, accountants’ fees, underwriters’ or placement agents’ fees, discounts or commissions and brokerage, consultant and other fees actually incurred in connection with such issuance or sale and net of taxes paid or payable as a result thereof.

“Non-Material Subsidiaries” means all domestic Restricted Subsidiaries designated as Non-Material Subsidiaries by the Issuer; provided that all such domestic Restricted Subsidiaries may not, in the aggregate at any time have assets (attributable to the Issuer’s and its domestic Restricted Subsidiaries’ equity interest in such entities) constituting more than 5.0% of the Issuer’s total assets on a consolidated basis based on the Issuer’s most recent internal financial statements.

“Non-Recourse Indebtedness” means Indebtedness (including any and all refinancings thereof that would meet the criteria set forth below) of an Investment Subsidiary or Investment Subsidiaries; provided, however, that (1) such Indebtedness is incurred solely in relation to the permitted investment activities (including investments in Permitted Real-Estate Related Asset Investments) or real estate related activities of such Investment Subsidiary or Investment Subsidiaries or any Co-investment Vehicles or separate accounts or investment programs managed, operated or sponsored by an Investment Subsidiary or Investment Subsidiaries,

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and (2) such Indebtedness is not Guaranteed by, or otherwise recourse to the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary (other than pursuant to a Permitted Non-Recourse Carve-Out Guarantee) other than the Investment Subsidiary or Investment Subsidiaries that is or are the borrower(s) or co-borrowers; provided, further, that, if any such Indebtedness is partially Guaranteed by or otherwise recourse to the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary (other than pursuant to a Permitted Non-Recourse Carve-Out Guarantee and other than with respect to the Investment Subsidiary or Investment Subsidiaries that is or are the borrower(s)) and therefore does not meet the criteria set forth above, the portion of such Indebtedness that does meet the criteria set forth above shall be “Non-Recourse Indebtedness” hereunder.

“Notes” means the 2029 Notes and the 2031 Notes.

“Obligations” means with respect to any Indebtedness all obligations for principal, premium, interest, penalties, fees, indemnifications, reimbursements and other amounts payable pursuant to the documentation governing such Indebtedness.

“Officer” means the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Chief Financial Officer, any Executive Vice President, Senior Vice President or Vice President, the Treasurer or any Assistant Treasurer or the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary of the Parent or the Issuer.

“Officer’s Certificate” means a certificate signed on behalf of the Parent or the Issuer, as the case may be, by an Officer of the Parent or the Issuer, respectively.

“Opinion of Counsel” means a written opinion signed by legal counsel, who may be an employee of or counsel to the Parent or the Issuer, satisfactory to the Trustee.

“Original Issue Date” means the date of the applicable Supplemental Indenture, which will be the date that the Notes offered hereby are first issued.

“Parent” means Kennedy-Wilson Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its successors.

“Parent Guaranty” means the Guarantee by the Parent of the Issuer’s obligations with respect to the Notes of the applicable series contained in the Indenture governing such series of Notes.

“Permitted Co-investment” means any Investment by the Issuer or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries in, or any Guarantee by the Issuer or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries of the Indebtedness of, a Co-investment Vehicle or separate account or investment program managed, operated or sponsored by one or more Investment Subsidiaries; provided, however, that if, and only if such Investment or Guarantee (other than a Permitted Non-Recourse Carve-Out Guarantee), as applicable, is in an amount greater than $100.0 million, then (i) such Investment shall not be greater than 75% of the aggregate commitment (including both committed equity and Indebtedness) of such Co-investment Vehicle or separate account or investment program and (ii) such Guarantee (other than a Permitted Non-Recourse Carve-Out Guarantee) shall not be greater than 75% of the aggregate committed Indebtedness of such Co-investment Vehicle or separate account or investment program; provided further, however, that the total amount of such Guarantees (other than Permitted Non-Recourse Carve-Out Guarantees) shall not exceed $100.0 million in the aggregate at any time outstanding. For the avoidance of doubt, in determining committed equity and Indebtedness of a Co-investment Vehicle, or separate account or investment program managed, operated or sponsored by one or more Investment Subsidiaries, the committed equity and Indebtedness of such Co-investment Vehicle and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or such separate account or investment program, shall be counted.

“Permitted Holders” means (1) William J. McMorrow, (2) any Person both the Capital Stock and Voting Stock of which (or in the case of a trust, the beneficial interests of which) are majority owned by William J. McMorrow or a family member of William J. McMorrow, and (3) any family member of William J. McMorrow, or the estate or heirs of William J. McMorrow or any of his family members.

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“Permitted Investment” means an Investment by the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary in:

(1)        the Issuer, a Restricted Subsidiary or a Person that will, upon the making of such Investment, become a Restricted Subsidiary; provided, however, that (A) the primary business of such Restricted Subsidiary is a Related Business and (B) such Restricted Subsidiary is not restricted from making dividends or similar distributions by contract, operation of law or otherwise, other than restrictions on dividends or distributions permitted pursuant to the covenant described under “—Certain Covenants—Limitation on Restrictions on Distributions from Restricted Subsidiaries”;

(2)        another Person if as a result of such Investment such other Person is merged or consolidated with or into, or transfers or conveys all or substantially all its assets to, the Issuer or a Restricted Subsidiary (including any Investments acquired as a result of such merger, consolidation, transfer or conveyance to the extent that such Investments were not made in contemplation of, and were in existence on the date of, such merger, consolidation, transfer or conveyance); provided, however, that such Person’s primary business is a Related Business;

(3)        Investments made by the Parent, the Issuer or its Restricted Subsidiaries as a result of consideration received in connection with an Asset Disposition made in compliance with the covenant described above under “—Certain Covenants—Limitation on Sales of Assets and Subsidiary Stock” or from any other disposition or transfer of assets not constituting an Asset Disposition;

(4)        Investments represented by guarantees that are otherwise permitted by the applicable Indenture;

(5)        cash and Temporary Cash Investments;

(6)        receivables owing to the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary if created or acquired in the ordinary course of business and payable or dischargeable in accordance with customary trade terms; provided, however, that such trade terms may include such concessionary trade terms as the Issuer or any such Restricted Subsidiary deems reasonable under the circumstances;

(7)        payroll, travel, moving and similar advances to cover matters that are expected at the time of such advances ultimately to be treated as expenses for accounting purposes and that are made in the ordinary course of business;

(8)        loans or advances to employees or independent contractors made in the ordinary course of business of the Issuer or such Restricted Subsidiary;

(9)        stock, obligations or securities received in settlement of debts created in the ordinary course of business and owing to the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary or in satisfaction of judgments;

(10)      any Person where such Investment was acquired by the Issuer or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries (a) in exchange for any other Investment or accounts receivable held by the Issuer or any such Restricted Subsidiary in connection with or as a result of a bankruptcy, workout, reorganization or recapitalization of the issuer of such other Investment or accounts receivable or (b) as a result of a foreclosure by the Issuer or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries with respect to any secured Investment or other transfer of title with respect to any secured Investment in default;

(11)      Hedging Obligations entered into in the ordinary course of the Issuer’s or any Restricted Subsidiary’s business and not for the purpose of speculation;

(12)      any Person to the extent such Investment exists on the Original Issue Date or replaces or refinances an Investment in such Person existing on the Original Issue Date in an amount not exceeding the amount of the Investment being replaced or refinanced; provided, however, that the new Investment is on terms and conditions no less favorable than the Investment being renewed or replaced;

(13)      Investments in insurance on the life of any participant in any deferred compensation plan of the Issuer made in the ordinary course of business;

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(14)      Permitted Co-investments; Permitted Non-Recourse Carve-Out Guarantees; Permitted Real-Estate Related Asset Investments, Capital Stock of any Qualified REIT and Qualified Real Estate Securities;

(15)      so long as no Default shall have occurred and be continuing (or result therefrom), any Person in an aggregate amount which, when added together with the amount of all the Investments made pursuant to this clause (15) which at such time have not been repaid through repayments of loans or advances or other transfers of assets, does not exceed the greater of (x) $200.0 million and (y) 3.0% of Total Assets, at any time outstanding (with the fair market value of each Investment being measured at the time made and without giving effect to subsequent changes in value); and

(16)      marketable securities of a Related Business or marketable securities where the primary purpose of such Investment is to facilitate Related Business, provided that such marketable securities shall not, in the aggregate at any time, have a fair market (measured at the time made and without giving effect to subsequent changes in value) that exceeds the greater of (x) $200.0 million and (y) 3.0% of Total Assets.

“Permitted Liens” means, with respect to any Person:

(1)        pledges or deposits by such Person under worker’s compensation laws, unemployment insurance laws or similar legislation, or good faith deposits in connection with bids, tenders, contracts, including deposits under agreements that provide that such deposit constitutes liquidated damages upon breach of such agreement (other than for the payment of Indebtedness) or leases to which such Person is a party, or deposits to secure public or statutory obligations of such Person or deposits of cash or United States government bonds to secure surety or appeal bonds to which such Person is a party, or deposits as security for contested taxes or import duties or for the payment of rent, in each case Incurred in the ordinary course of business;

(2)        Liens imposed by law, such as carriers’, warehousemen’s, landlord’s, mechanics’, materialmen’s and repairmen’s Liens and other similar Liens, in each case for sums not yet due and payable or being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings or other Liens arising out of judgments or awards against such Person with respect to which such Person shall then be proceeding with an appeal or other proceedings for review and Liens arising solely by virtue of any statutory or common law provision relating to banker’s Liens, rights of setoff or similar rights and remedies as to deposit accounts or other funds maintained with a creditor depository institution; provided, however, that (A) such deposit account is not a dedicated cash collateral account and is not subject to restrictions against access by the Issuer in excess of those set forth by regulations promulgated by the Federal Reserve Board and (B) such deposit account is not intended by the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary to provide collateral to the depository institution;

(3)        Liens for taxes, fees, assessments or other governmental charges not yet subject to penalties for nonpayment or which are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings;

(4)        Liens in favor of issuers of surety bonds or letters of credit issued pursuant to the request of and for the account of such Person in the ordinary course of its business; provided, however, that such letters of credit do not constitute Indebtedness;

(5)        Liens to secure the performance of bids, trade contracts (other than for Indebtedness), leases (other than Capital Lease Obligations and Attributable Debt), statutory obligations, appeal bonds, performance bonds, mechanic’s lien release bonds and other obligations of a like nature, in each case in the ordinary course of business;

(6)        survey exceptions, encumbrances, easements or reservations of, or rights of others for, licenses, rights-of-way, sewers, electric lines, telegraph and telephone lines and other similar purposes, or conditions, covenants and restrictions, deed restrictions, zoning or other restrictions as to the use of real property or Liens incidental to the conduct of the business of such Person or to the ownership of its properties which were not Incurred in connection with Indebtedness and which do not in the aggregate materially adversely affect the value of said properties or materially impair their use in the operation of the business of such Person;

(7)        Liens securing Indebtedness (including Capital Lease Obligations and Attributable Debt) Incurred to finance the construction, purchase or lease of, or repairs, improvements or additions to, property (real

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or personal, tangible or intangible), plant or equipment of such Person or a direct or indirect Subsidiary of such Person or an Investment of such Person; provided, however, that the Lien may not extend to any other property (other than the relevant property, plant or equipment) owned by such Person or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries at the time the Lien is Incurred (other than assets and property affixed or appurtenant thereto), and the Indebtedness (other than any interest thereon) secured by the Lien may not be Incurred more than 180 days after the later of the acquisition, completion of construction, repair, improvement, addition or commencement of full operation of the property subject to the Lien;

(8)        Liens arising out of judgments or awards in respect of which the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary shall in good faith be prosecuting an appeal or proceedings for review in respect of which there shall be secured a subsisting stay of execution pending such appeal or proceedings; provided that the aggregate amount of all such judgments or awards (and any cash and the fair market value of any property subject to such Liens) does not exceed $25.0 million at any time outstanding;

(9)        Liens existing on the Original Issue Date (other than the Liens securing Indebtedness pursuant to any Credit Facility);

(10)      Liens on property (real or personal, tangible or intangible) or shares of Capital Stock of another Person at the time such other Person becomes a Subsidiary of such Person; provided, however, that the Liens may not extend to any other property owned by such Person or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries (other than assets and property affixed or appurtenant thereto);

(11)      Liens on property at the time such Person or any of its Subsidiaries acquires such property, including any acquisition by means of a merger or consolidation with or into such Person or a Subsidiary of such Person; provided, however, that the Liens may not extend to any other property owned by such Person or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries (other than assets and property affixed or appurtenant thereto);

(12)      Liens securing Indebtedness or other obligations of a Subsidiary of such Person owing to such Person or a Subsidiary of such Person;

(13)      Liens securing Hedging Obligations so long as such Hedging Obligations relate to Indebtedness that is, and is permitted to be under the applicable Indenture, secured by a Lien on the same properly securing such Hedging Obligations;

(14)      (A) Liens securing Senior Indebtedness Incurred in compliance with the covenant described under “—Certain Covenants—Limitation on Indebtedness” in an aggregate amount not to exceed the amount of Indebtedness Incurred under clause (b)(1) of such covenant and then outstanding, and (B) Liens on Senior Indebtedness securing any Refinancing (or successive Refinancings) as a whole, or in part, of any Indebtedness secured by Liens permitted by this clause (14);

(15)      Liens on specific items of inventory or other goods of such Person securing such Person’s obligations in respect of bankers’ acceptances issued or created for the account of such Person solely to facilitate the purchase, shipment or storage of such inventory or other goods;

(16)      Liens arising solely by virtue of any statutory or common law provision relating to bankers’ liens, rights of set-off or similar rights and remedies as to deposit accounts or other funds maintained with a creditor depository institution; provided, however, that (A) such deposit account is not a dedicated cash collateral account and is not subject to restrictions against access by the Issuer or any Subsidiary of the Issuer in excess of those set forth by regulations promulgated by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System of the United States; and (B) such deposit account is not intended by the Issuer or any Subsidiary to provide collateral to such depository institution;

(17)      Liens securing Non-Recourse Indebtedness or guarantees (including Permitted Non-Recourse Carve-Out Guarantees) thereof (and Refinancings of any of the foregoing) on assets or Capital Stock of Restricted Subsidiaries formed solely for the purpose of, and which engage in no business other than, any Related Business;

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(18)      Liens encumbering the assets of or secured by Permitted Real-Estate Related Asset Investments or Co-investment Vehicles;

(19)      Liens securing Indebtedness which, taken together with all other Indebtedness secured by Liens (excluding Liens permitted by clauses (1) through (18), inclusive, above or clause (20) below) at the time of determination, does not exceed the greater of (x) $200.0 million and (y) 3.0% of Total Assets; and

(20)      Liens to secure any Refinancing (or successive Refinancings) as a whole, or in part, of any Indebtedness secured by any Lien referred to in the foregoing clause (7), (9), (10) or (11); provided, however, that:

(A)        such new Lien shall be limited to all or part of the same property and assets that secured or, under the written agreements pursuant to which the original Lien arose, could secure the original Lien (plus improvements and accessions to, such properly or proceeds or distributions thereof); and

(B)        the Indebtedness secured by such Lien at such time is not increased to any amount greater than the sum of (x) the outstanding principal amount or, if greater, committed amount of the Indebtedness described under clause (7), (9), (10) or (11) at the time the original Lien became a Permitted Lien and (y) an amount necessary to pay any fees and expenses, including premiums, related to such refinancing, refunding, extension, renewal or replacement.

“Permitted Non-Recourse Carve-Out Guarantees” means customary completion or budget guarantees, indemnities or other customary guarantees provided to lenders (including by means of separate indemnification agreements, carve-out guarantees or pledges of the equity interests in the borrower(s) or the parent of the borrower(s) under Non-Recourse Indebtedness by the direct parent of the borrower(s) (or the indirect parent of the borrower(s), provided that the pledgor’s only assets are direct or indirect equity interests of the borrower(s)) under such Non-Recourse Indebtedness in order to secure such Non-Recourse Indebtedness) provided in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practice by the Issuer or a Restricted Subsidiary or Restricted Subsidiaries in financing transactions that are directly or indirectly secured by real property or other related assets (including Capital Stock) of a Restricted Subsidiary or Restricted Subsidiaries (including an Investment Subsidiary), Co-Investment Vehicle, joint venture, Unrestricted Subsidiary or a separate account or investment program managed, operated or sponsored by an Investment Subsidiary or Investment Subsidiaries and that may be full or partial recourse or non-recourse to the Restricted Subsidiary or Restricted Subsidiaries (including an Investment Subsidiary), Co-Investment Vehicle, joint venture, Unrestricted Subsidiary or separate account or investment program managed, operated or sponsored by an Investment Subsidiary, in each case that is the borrower or are the borrowers or co-borrowers (or the direct or indirect parent of the borrower(s) or co-borrowers) in such financing, but is non-recourse to Issuer or any other Restricted Subsidiary that is not a borrower or co-borrower, except for such customary completion or budget guarantees, indemnities or other customary guarantees (including by means of separate indemnification agreements or carve-out guarantees) and except for pledges of the equity interests in the borrower(s) or co-borrowers or the parent of the borrower(s) or co-borrowers under Non-Recourse Indebtedness by the direct parent of the borrower(s) or co-borrowers (or the indirect parent of the borrower(s) or co-borrowers provided that the pledgor’s only assets are direct or indirect equity interests of the borrower(s)) or co-borrowers under such Non-Recourse Indebtedness in order to secure such Non-Recourse Indebtedness.

“Permitted Real-Estate Related Asset Investment” means any Investment in secured notes, mortgages, deeds of trust, collateralized mortgage obligations, commercial mortgage-backed securities, other secured debt securities, secured debt derivatives or other secured debt instruments (including any (x) Investment in Indebtedness secured by real estate or equity interests in entities directly or indirectly owning real estate or related assets; and (y) participation interests in any of the aforementioned Investments), so long as such Investment relates directly or indirectly to real property that constitutes or is used as land, office, multifamily, residential, industrial, retail, hotel or mixed-use property or other commercial property types.

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“Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization, government or any agency or political subdivision thereof or any other entity.

“Preferred Stock” as applied to the Capital Stock of any Person, means Capital Stock of any class or classes (however designated) of such Person that is preferred as to the payment of dividends or distributions, or as to the distribution of assets upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation or dissolution of such Person, over shares of Capital Stock of any other class of such Person.

The “principal” of a Note means the principal of the Note plus the premium, if any, payable on the Note which is due or overdue or is to become due at the relevant time.

“Qualified Real Estate Company” means any (1) Real Estate Company that is controlled, managed, operated or sponsored by the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary; (2) Real Estate Company into which the Parent, the Issuer, or its Restricted Subsidiaries contributes or has contributed direct or indirect interests in real estate and related assets in exchange for the Capital Stock of such Real Estate Company; and (3) Real Estate Company in which the Parent, the Issuer or its Restricted Subsidiaries acquires a majority equity interest in the Capital Stock of such Real Estate Company in exchange for Capital Stock of the Issuer or its Restricted Subsidiaries that is not Disqualified Stock.

“Qualified Real Estate Securities” means any securities issued by a Qualified Real Estate Company.

“Qualified REIT” means a domestic or foreign REIT or its operating partnership subsidiary into which the Parent, the Issuer or its Restricted Subsidiaries contribute direct or indirect interests in real estate and related assets in exchange for the Capital Stock of the REIT or its operating partnership subsidiary.

“Rating Agencies” means each of S&P and Moody’s or any successor to the respective rating agency business thereof; provided that if either of S&P or Moody’s ceases to provide rating services to issuers or investors, the Issuer may select (as certified by a resolution of the Board of Directors) a “nationally recognized statistical rating organization” (as defined in Section 3(a)(62) of the Exchange Act) as a replacement agency for either S&P or Moody’s, as the case may be.

“Real Estate Company” means any corporation, limited liability company, limited partnership or other entity, including REITs, whether foreign or domestic, the primary object and purpose of which is the ownership, acquisition, disposition, management, development, promotion, sale, lease of, or investment in, real estate-related assets, including indebtedness secured by real estate-related assets.

“Refinance” means, in respect of any Indebtedness, to refinance, extend, renew, refund, repay, prepay, redeem, defease or retire, or to issue other Indebtedness in exchange or replacement for, such indebtedness. “Refinanced” and “Refinancing” shall have correlative meanings.

“Refinancing Indebtedness” means Indebtedness that Refinances any Indebtedness of the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary existing on the Original Issue Date or Incurred in compliance with the applicable Indenture, including Indebtedness that Refinances Refinancing Indebtedness; provided, however, that:

(1)        such Refinancing Indebtedness has a Stated Maturity no earlier than the earlier of (x) the Stated Maturity of the Indebtedness being Refinanced; and (y) the 91st day after the maturity date of the Notes of the applicable series;

(2)        such Refinancing Indebtedness has an Average Life at the time such Refinancing Indebtedness is Incurred that is equal to or greater than the Average Life of the Indebtedness being Refinanced;

(3)        such Refinancing Indebtedness has an aggregate principal amount (or if Incurred with original issue discount, an aggregate issue price) that is equal to or less than the aggregate principal amount (or if

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Incurred with original issue discount, the aggregate accreted value) then outstanding or committed (plus fees and expenses, including any premium and defeasance costs) under the Indebtedness being Refinanced; and

(4)        if the Indebtedness being Refinanced is subordinated in right of payment to the Notes of such series, such Refinancing Indebtedness is subordinated in right of payment to the Notes of such series at least to the same extent as the Indebtedness being Refinanced;

provided further, however, that Refinancing Indebtedness shall not include (A) Indebtedness of a Restricted Subsidiary that Refinances Indebtedness of the Issuer or (B) Indebtedness of the Issuer or a Restricted Subsidiary that Refinances Indebtedness of an Unrestricted Subsidiary; and provided further, however, that to the extent any new Indebtedness to be applied to Refinance any Indebtedness of the Issuer or its Restricted Subsidiaries:

(x)        is incurred in compliance with clauses (1), (2), (3) and (4) above and with the covenant described under “—Certain Covenants—Limitation on Indebtedness”;

(y)        the net proceeds of which are deposited into an escrow account at a bank or trust company which is organized under the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof or any foreign country recognized by the United States of America, and which bank or trust company has capital, surplus and undivided profits aggregating in excess of $50.0 million (or the foreign currency equivalent thereof) and has outstanding debt which is rated “A” (or such similar equivalent rating) or higher by at least one “nationally recognized statistical rating organization” (as defined in Section 3(a)(62) of the Exchange Act) to be held in escrow for a period of not more than 90 days from the date of receipt of such net proceeds; and

(z)        are to be held in such escrow account (together with any additional necessary funds) for the satisfaction and discharge, defeasance or other extinguishment of the Indebtedness to be Refinanced in connection with its Stated Maturity or in connection with an irrevocable notice of redemption, then such new Indebtedness shall be deemed to be “Refinancing Indebtedness” for the purposes of this definition, notwithstanding that such old Indebtedness remains outstanding pending release of such funds from escrow.

“Related Business” means any business in which the Issuer was engaged on the Original Issue Date and any business related, ancillary or complementary to any business of the Issuer in which the Issuer was engaged on the Original Issue Date.

“Replacement Assets” means (1) any property or other assets (other than Indebtedness and Capital Stock) used or useful in a Related Business, (2) substantially all the assets of a Related Business or a majority of the Voting Stock of any Person engaged in a Related Business that will become on the date of acquisition thereof a Restricted Subsidiary, (3) Capital Stock constituting a minority interest in any Person that at such time is a Restricted Subsidiary that is engaged in a Related Business, (4) any Permitted Co-investment, (5) Capital Stock of any Qualified REIT, or (6) Capital Stock of any Qualified Real Estate Company.

“Restricted Payment” with respect to any Person means:

(1)        the declaration or payment of any dividends or any other distributions of any sort in respect of its Capital Stock (including any payment in connection with any merger or consolidation involving such Person) or similar payment to the direct or indirect holders of its Capital Stock (other than dividends or distributions payable solely in its Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock) and dividends or distributions payable solely to the Issuer or a Restricted Subsidiary, and other than dividends or other distributions made by a Subsidiary that is not a Wholly Owned Subsidiary in accordance with its organizational documents to minority stockholders (or owners of an equivalent interest in the case of a Subsidiary that is an entity other than a corporation));

(2)        the purchase, redemption or other acquisition or retirement for value of any Capital Stock of the Issuer held by any Person or of any Capital Stock of a Restricted Subsidiary held by any Affiliate of the Issuer (other than a Restricted Subsidiary), including in connection with the exercise of any option to exchange any such Capital Stock (in each case, other than into or for Capital Stock of the Parent or the Issuer that is not Disqualified Stock);

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(3)        the purchase, repurchase, redemption, defeasance or other acquisition or retirement for value, prior to scheduled maturity, scheduled repayment or scheduled sinking fund payment of any Subordinated Obligations of such Person, if such Person is the Issuer or a Subsidiary Guarantor (other than the purchase, repurchase or other acquisition of Subordinated Obligations purchased in anticipation of satisfying a sinking fund obligation, principal installment or final maturity, in each case due within one year of the date of such purchase, repurchase or other acquisition); or

(4)        the making of any Investment (other than a Permitted Investment) in any Person.

“Restricted Subsidiary” means any Subsidiary of the Issuer that is not an Unrestricted Subsidiary.

“S&P” means Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group.

“Sale/Leaseback Transaction” means an arrangement relating to property owned by the Issuer or a Restricted Subsidiary on the Original Issue Date or thereafter acquired by the Issuer or a Restricted Subsidiary whereby the Issuer or a Restricted Subsidiary transfers such property to a Person and the Issuer of a Restricted Subsidiary leases it from such Person.

“SEC” means the Securities and Exchange Commission.

“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

“Senior Indebtedness” means with respect to any Person:

(1)        Indebtedness of such Person, whether outstanding on the Original Issue Date or thereafter Incurred; and

(2)        accrued and unpaid interest (including interest accruing on or after the filing of any petition in bankruptcy or for reorganization relating to such Person whether or not post-filing interest is allowed in such proceeding) in respect of (A) indebtedness of such Person for money borrowed and (B) indebtedness evidenced by notes, debentures, bonds or other similar instruments for the payment of which such Person is responsible or liable,

unless, in the case of clauses (1) and (2), in the instrument creating or evidencing the same or pursuant to which the same is outstanding, it is provided that such obligations are subordinate in right of payment to the Notes of the applicable series or the Guaranty of such Person relating to such series of Notes, as the case may be; provided, however, that Senior Indebtedness shall not include:

(1)        any obligation of such Person to any Subsidiary;

(2)        any liability for federal, state, local or other taxes owed or owing by such Person;

(3)        any accounts payable or other liability to trade creditors arising in the ordinary course of business (including guarantees thereof or instruments evidencing such liabilities);

(4)        any Indebtedness of such Person (and any accrued and unpaid interest in respect thereof) which is subordinate or junior in any respect to any other Indebtedness or other obligation of such Person;

(5)        any Capital Stock; or

(6)        that portion of any Indebtedness which at the time of Incurrence is Incurred in violation of the applicable Indenture; provided, however, that such Indebtedness shall be deemed not to have been Incurred in violation of such Indenture for purposes of this clause (6) if (x) the holders of such Indebtedness or their representative or the Issuer shall have furnished to the Trustee an opinion of recognized independent legal counsel, unqualified in all material respects, addressed to the Trustee (which legal counsel may, as to matters of

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fact, rely upon an Officer’s Certificate) to the effect that the Incurrence of such Indebtedness does not violate the provisions of such Indenture or (y) such Indebtedness consists of Bank Indebtedness, and the holders of such Indebtedness or their agent or representative (1) had no actual knowledge at the time of the Incurrence that the Incurrence of such Indebtedness violated such Indenture and (2) shall have received an Officer’s Certificate to the effect that the Incurrence of such Indebtedness does not violate the provisions of such Indenture.

“Series A Preferred Stock” means the Parent’s 5.75% Series A Cumulative Perpetual Convertible Preferred Stock.

“Significant Subsidiary” means any Restricted Subsidiary that would be a “Significant Subsidiary” of the Issuer within the meaning of Rule 1-02 under Regulation S-X promulgated by the SEC.

“Stated Maturity” means, with respect to any security, the date specified in such security as the fixed date on which the final payment of principal of such security is due and payable, including pursuant to any mandatory redemption provision (but excluding any provision providing for the repurchase of such security at the option of the holder thereof upon the happening of any contingency unless such contingency has occurred).

“Subordinated Obligation” means, with respect to a Person, any Indebtedness of such Person (whether outstanding on the Original Issue Date or thereafter Incurred) which is subordinate or junior in right of payment to the Notes of the applicable series or a Guaranty of such Person relating to such series of Notes, as the case may be, pursuant to a written agreement to that effect.

“Subsidiary” means, with respect to any Person, any corporation, association, partnership or other business entity of which more than 50% of the total voting power of shares of Voting Stock is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by:

(1)        such Person;

(2)        such Person and one or more Subsidiaries of such Person; or

(3)        one or more Subsidiaries of such Person,

and the accounts of which would be consolidated with those of such Person in its consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP, if such statements were prepared as of such date.

“Subsidiary Guarantor” means each Subsidiary of the Issuer that executes the applicable Supplemental Indenture as a guarantor on the Original Issue Date and each other Subsidiary of the Issuer that thereafter guarantees the Notes of the relevant series pursuant to the terms of the applicable Indenture. The following Subsidiaries of the Issuer will execute the Supplemental Indentures as Guarantors on the Original Issue Date: K-W Properties, a California corporation; KW BASGF II Manager, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KWF Investors I, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; Kennedy Wilson Overseas Investments, Inc., a Delaware corporation; SG KW Venture I Manager LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Summer House Manager, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Montclair, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Serenade Manager, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; K-W Santiago Inc., a California corporation; KW Redmond Manager, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; Dillingham Ranch Aina LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; 68-540 Farrington, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Dillingham Aina LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; Kennedy Wilson Fund Management Group, LLC, a California limited liability company; Kennedy-Wilson International, a California corporation; Kennedy-Wilson Tech Ltd., a California corporation; KWP Financial I, a California corporation; Kennedy Wilson Auction Group Inc., a California corporation; KWF Manager IV, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Ireland, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; Kennedy Wilson Real Estate Sales & Marketing, a California corporation; KWF Investors IV, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; Santa Maria Land Partners Manager, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Investment Adviser, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company;

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Kennedy-Wilson Capital, a California corporation; KWF Investors VII, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KWF Manager VII, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Residential Capital, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Boise Plaza, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW EU Loan Partners II, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Harrington LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW 5200 Lankershim Manager, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KWF Manager X, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KWF Manager XI, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KWF Manager XII, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Real Estate Venture XIII, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KWF Manager XIII, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW EU Loan Partners III, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW EU Investors I, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Richfield Plaza, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Currier Square Shopping Center, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Creekview Shopping Center, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Securities, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Victory Land Loan, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Victory Plaza Loan, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; Country Ridge IX, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW EU Investors VIII, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Park Santa Fe, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Cypress, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Tacoma Condos, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Desert Ramrod Sponsor, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW 9350 Civic Center Drive, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Taylor Yard 55, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Red Cliff Shopping Center, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Holiday Village Shopping Center, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Hilltop Manager II, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Bozeman Investors, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW One Baxter Way GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Riverdale and 36, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW 400 California Member, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW CIG Management Services, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Terra West Sponsor, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Hanover Quay, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; Kennedy Wilson Property Equity VI, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; Kennedy Wilson Property Services VI, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW LV 3 Sponsor, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW NB LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Camarillo Land, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW 2013EE LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW EU PRS Investor, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Rosewood Premiere, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW River Pointe Premier, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Kawana Springs, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Quebec Participant, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Quebec Asset Manager, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Real Estate II Equity, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Real Estate II Carry, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Real Estate II GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Sunset CP Participant, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Sunset CP Asset Manager, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW CP West Hills Participant, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW CP West Hills Asset Manager, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Linder Road, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Seattle Office Portfolio GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW CDO Investor, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Hamilton Landing—Land, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Rancho Mirage Loan, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Sunset North LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Heights Investor, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Burlingame Point Loan, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Pacifica, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW Riverwalk, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW ABQ, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company; KW F5 Tower, LLC (formerly KW 2016F LLC), a Delaware limited liability company; KW Manhattan Beach Studio Loan, LLC (formerly KW 2016G LLC), a Delaware limited liability company; KW Golden State Tower Loan, LLC (formerly KW 2016H LLC), a Delaware limited liability company; KW RockVue, LLC (formerly KW 2016I LLC), a Delaware limited liability company; KW South Main Station, LLC (formerly KW 2016J LLC), a Delaware limited liability company; KWF Manager, LLC (formerly KW 2016K LLC), a Delaware limited liability company; KW Residences at Harvard, LLC (formerly KW 2016L LLC), a Delaware limited liability company; KW Moffett Place, LLC (formerly KW 2016M LLC), a Delaware limited liability company; KW The Press, LLC (formerly KW 2016N LLC), a Delaware limited liability company; KW Orchard-Trimble Campus, LLC (formerly KW 2016Q LLC), a Delaware limited liability company; KW 50 West, LLC (formerly

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KW 2016R LLC), a Delaware limited liability company; KW Kohanaiki, LLC (formerly KW 2016T LLC), a Delaware limited liability company; KW EU Capital 2, LLC (formerly KW 2016U LLC), a Delaware limited liability company; KW EU Capital 3, LLC (formerly KW 2016V LLC), a Delaware limited liability company; KW 134th Street Lofts, LLC (formerly KW 2016W LLC), a Delaware limited liability company; and KW Ashton Parc Villagio, LLC (formerly KW 2016X LLC), a Delaware limited liability company.

“Subsidiary Guaranty” means a Guarantee by a Subsidiary Guarantor of the Issuer’s obligations with respect to the Notes of the applicable series.

“Temporary Cash Investments” means any of the following:

(1)        any investment in direct obligations of the United States of America or any agency thereof or obligations guaranteed by the United States of America or any agency thereof;

(2)        investments in time deposit accounts, bankers’ acceptances, certificates of deposit and money market deposits maturing within one year of the date of acquisition thereof issued by a bank or trust company which is organized under the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof or any foreign country recognized by the United States of America, and which bank or trust company has capital, surplus and undivided profits aggregating in excess of $50.0 million (or the foreign currency equivalent thereof) and has outstanding debt which is rated “A” (or such similar equivalent rating) or higher by at least one nationally recognized statistical rating organization (as defined in Section 3(a)(62) of the Exchange Act) or any money-market fund sponsored by a registered broker-dealer or mutual fund distributor;

(3)        repurchase obligations with a term of not more than 30 days for underlying securities of the types described in clause (1) above and clauses (4) and (5) below entered into with a bank meeting the qualifications described in clause (2) above;

(4)        investments in commercial paper, maturing not more than one year from the date of creation thereof, issued by a corporation (other than an Affiliate of the Issuer) organized and in existence under the laws of the United States of America or any foreign country recognized by the United States of America with a rating at the time as of which any investment therein is made of “P-1” (or higher) according to Moody’s or “A-1” (or higher) according to S&P; and

(5)        investments in securities with maturities of one year or less from the date of acquisition issued or fully guaranteed by any state, commonwealth or territory of the United States of America, or by any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof, and rated at least “A” by S&P or “A” by Moody’s.

“Termination of Trading” means the termination (but not the temporary suspension) of trading of the Common Stock of Parent, which will be deemed to have occurred if the Common Stock or other securities into which the Parent’s Series A Preferred Stock are then convertible are not, or are not permitted to be, listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange or any other U.S. national securities exchange.

“Total Assets” means, as of any date of determination, the total consolidated assets of the Issuer and its Restricted Subsidiaries under GAAP, as of the end of the most recent completed fiscal quarter for which internal financial statements are available, calculated on a pro forma basis to give effect to any acquisition or disposition of assets, companies, divisions, lines of businesses or operations by the Issuer and its Restricted Subsidiaries subsequent to the end of such fiscal quarter and on or prior to the date of determination.

“Unrestricted Subsidiary” means:

(1)        any Subsidiary of the Issuer that at the time of determination shall be designated an Unrestricted Subsidiary by the Board of Directors or the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors or the Parent’s management (which designation, if not by the Board of Directors or the Audit Committee of the Board of

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Directors, will be evidenced in an Officer’s Certificate that is delivered to the Trustee) in the manner provided below; and

(2)        any Subsidiary of an Unrestricted Subsidiary.

The Board of Directors or the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors or the Parent’s management may designate any Subsidiary of the Issuer (including any newly acquired or newly formed Subsidiary) to be an Unrestricted Subsidiary unless such Subsidiary or any of its Subsidiaries owns any Capital Stock or Indebtedness of, or holds any Lien on any property of, the Issuer or any other Subsidiary of the Issuer that is not a Subsidiary of the Subsidiary to be so designated; provided, however, that either (A) the Subsidiary to be so designated has total assets of $1,000 or less or (B) if such Subsidiary has assets greater than $1,000, such designation would be permitted under the covenant described under “—Certain Covenants—Limitation on Restricted Payments.”

The Board of Directors or the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors or the Parent’s management may designate any Unrestricted Subsidiary to be a Restricted Subsidiary (which designation, if not by the Board of Directors or the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors, will be evidenced in an Officer’s Certificate that is delivered to the Trustee); provided, however, that immediately after giving effect to such designation (A) the Issuer could Incur $1.00 of additional Indebtedness under paragraph (a) of the covenant described under “—Certain Covenants—Limitation on Indebtedness” (irrespective of whether that covenant remains in effect) and (B) no Default shall have occurred and be continuing. Any such designation by the Board of Directors shall be evidenced to the Trustee by promptly filing with the Trustee a copy of the resolution of the Board of Directors giving effect to such designation and an Officer’s Certificate certifying that such designation complied with the foregoing provisions.

“U.S. Dollar Equivalent” means with respect to any monetary amount in a currency other than U.S. dollars, at any time for determination thereof, the amount of U.S. dollars obtained by converting such foreign currency involved in such computation into U.S. dollars at the spot rate for the purchase of U.S. dollars with the applicable foreign currency as published in The Wall Street Journal in the “Exchange Rates” column under the heading “Currency Trading” on the date two Business Days prior to such determination.

Except as described under “—Certain Covenants—Limitation on Indebtedness,” whenever it is necessary to determine whether the Issuer has complied with any covenant in the applicable Indenture or a Default has occurred and an amount is expressed in a currency other than U.S. dollars, such amount will be treated as the U.S. Dollar Equivalent determined as of the date such amount is initially determined in such currency.

“U.S. Government Obligations” means direct obligations (or certificates representing an ownership interest in such obligations) of the United States of America (including any agency or instrumentality thereof) for the payment of which the full faith and credit of the United States of America is pledged and which are not callable at the issuer’s option.

“Voting Stock” of a Person means all classes of Capital Stock or other interests (including partnership interests) of such Person then outstanding and normally entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers or trustees thereof. For the avoidance of doubt, if the capital structure of such Person includes both (x) capital or similar interests; and (y) profit, “promote” or similar interests, then Voting Stock shall be deemed to refer only to such capital or similar interests and not to such profit, “promote” or similar interests.

“Wholly Owned Subsidiary” means a Restricted Subsidiary all the Capital Stock of which (other than directors’ qualifying shares) is owned by the Issuer or one or more Wholly Owned Subsidiaries.

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Book-Entry, Delivery and Form

Except as set forth below, Notes will be issued in registered, global form in minimum denominations of $2,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof. Notes will be issued at the closing of this offering only against payment in immediately available funds.

The Notes will initially be represented by one or more global notes in registered form without interest coupons (collectively, the “Global Notes”). The Global Notes will be deposited upon issuance with the Trustee as custodian for The Depository Trust Company ( “DTC”), and registered in the name of DTC or its nominee, in each case for credit to an account of a direct or indirect participant in DTC as described below.

Except as set forth below, the Global Notes may be transferred, in whole and not in part, only to another nominee of DTC or to a successor of DTC or its nominee. Beneficial interests in the Global Notes may not be exchanged for Notes in certificated form except in the limited circumstances described below. See “—Book-Entry, Delivery and Form—Exchange of Global Notes for Certificated Notes.” Except in the limited circumstances described below, owners of beneficial interests in the Global Notes will not be entitled to receive physical delivery of Notes in certificated form.

Transfers of beneficial interests in the Global Notes will be subject to the applicable rules and procedures of DTC and its direct or indirect participants, which may change from time to time.

Depository Procedures

The following description of the operations and procedures of DTC are provided solely as a matter of convenience. These operations and procedures are solely within the control of the respective settlement systems and are subject to changes by them. We take no responsibility for these operations and procedures and urge investors to contact the system or their participants directly to discuss these matters.

DTC has advised us that DTC is a limited-purpose trust company created to hold securities for its participating organizations (collectively, the “Participants”) and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of transactions in those securities between Participants through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of its Participants. The Participants include securities brokers and dealers (including the underwriters of the Notes), banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations. Access to DTC’s system is also available to other entities such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a Participant, either directly or indirectly (collectively, the “Indirect Participants”). Persons who are not Participants may beneficially own securities held by or on behalf of DTC only through the Participants or the Indirect Participants. The ownership interests in, and transfers of ownership interests in, each security held by or on behalf of DTC are recorded on the records of the Participants and Indirect Participants.

DTC has also advised us that, pursuant to procedures established by it:

Investors in the Global Notes who are Participants in DTC’s system may hold their interests therein directly through DTC. Investors in the Global Notes who are not Participants may hold their interests therein indirectly through organizations that are Participants in such system. All interests in a Global Note may be

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subject to the procedures and requirements of DTC. The laws of some states require that certain Persons take physical delivery in definitive form of securities that they own. Consequently, the ability to transfer beneficial interests in a Global Note to such Persons will be limited to that extent. Because DTC can act only on behalf of Participants, which in turn act on behalf of Indirect Participants, the ability of a Person having beneficial interests in a Global Note to pledge such interests to Persons that do not participate in the DTC system, or otherwise take actions in respect of such interests, may be affected by the lack of a physical certificate evidencing such interests.

Except as described below, owners of an interest in the Global Notes will not have Notes registered in their names, will not receive physical delivery of Notes in certificated form and will not be considered the registered owners or holders thereof under the Indentures for any purpose.

Payments in respect of the principal of, and interest, if any, on a Global Note registered in the name of DTC or its nominee will be payable to DTC in its capacity as the registered holder under the Indentures. Under the terms of the Indentures, the Issuer and the Trustee will treat the Persons in whose names the Notes, including the Global Notes, are registered as the owners of the Notes for the purpose of receiving payments and for all other purposes. Consequently, none of the Issuer, the Trustee nor any agent of the Issuer or the Trustee has or will have any responsibility or liability for:

DTC has advised us that its current practice, upon receipt of any payment in respect of securities such as the Notes (including principal and interest), is to credit the accounts of the relevant Participants with the payment on the payment date unless DTC has reason to believe it will not receive payment on such payment date. Each relevant Participant is credited with an amount proportionate to its beneficial ownership of an interest in the principal amount of the relevant security as shown on the records of DTC. Payments by the Participants and the Indirect Participants to the beneficial owners of Notes will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices and will be the responsibility of the Participants or the Indirect Participants and will not be the responsibility of DTC, the Trustee or the Issuer. Neither the Issuer nor the Trustee will be liable for any delay by DTC or any of its Participants in identifying the beneficial owners of the Notes, and the Issuer and the Trustee may conclusively rely on and will be protected in relying on instructions from DTC or its nominee for all purposes.

Transfers between Participants in DTC will be effected in accordance with DTC’s procedures, and will be settled in same-day funds.

DTC has advised the Issuer that it will take any action permitted to be taken by a holder of Notes only at the direction of one or more Participants to whose account DTC has credited the interests in the Global Notes and only in respect of such portion of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes as to which such Participant or Participants has or have given such direction. However, if there is an Event of Default under the Notes, DTC reserves the right to exchange the Global Notes for legended Notes in certificated form, and to distribute such Notes to its Participants.

Although DTC has agreed to the foregoing procedures to facilitate transfers of interests in the Global Notes among participants in DTC, DTC is under no obligation to perform or to continue to perform such procedures, and may discontinue such procedures at any time. None of the Issuer, the Guarantors, the Trustee or any of their respective agents will have any responsibility for the performance by DTC or its direct or indirect participants of their respective obligations under the rules and procedures governing their operations.

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Exchange of Global Notes for Certificated Notes

A Global Note is exchangeable for Certificated Notes if:

In addition, beneficial interests in a Global Note may be exchanged for Certificated Notes under prior written notice given to the Trustee by or on behalf of DTC in accordance with the applicable Indenture. In all cases, Certificated Notes delivered in exchange for any Global Note or beneficial interests in Global Notes will be registered in the names, and issued in any approved denominations, requested by or on behalf of the depositary (in accordance with its customary procedures).

Same Day Settlement and Payment

The Issuer will make payments in respect of the Notes represented by the Global Notes (including principal and interest, if any) by wire transfer of immediately available funds to the accounts specified by the Global Note holder. The Issuer will make all payments of principal and interest, if any, with respect to Certificated Notes by wire transfer of immediately available funds to the accounts specified by the holders of the Certificated Notes or, if no such account is specified, by mailing a check to each such holder’s registered address. The Notes represented by the Global Notes are expected to trade in DTC’s Same-Day Funds Settlement System, and any permitted secondary market trading activity in such Notes will, therefore, be required by DTC to be settled in immediately available funds. The Issuer expects that secondary trading in any Certificated Notes will also be settled in immediately available funds.

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MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

The following discussion is a summary of the material U.S. federal income tax considerations relevant to the purchase, ownership and disposition of the notes issued pursuant to this offering, but does not purport to be a complete analysis of all potential tax effects. The effects of other U.S. federal tax laws, such as estate and gift tax laws, and any applicable state, local or non-U.S. tax laws are not discussed. This discussion is based on the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial decisions, and published rulings and administrative pronouncements of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”), in each case in effect as of the date hereof. These authorities may change or be subject to differing interpretations. Any such change or differing interpretation may be applied retroactively in a manner that could adversely affect an owner of the notes. We have not sought and will not seek any rulings from the IRS regarding the matters discussed below. There can be no assurance the IRS or a court will not take a contrary position to that discussed below regarding the tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of the notes.

This discussion is limited to beneficial owners who hold the notes as “capital assets” within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code (generally, property held for investment). In addition, this discussion is limited to persons purchasing the notes for cash at original issue and at their original “issue price” within the meaning of Section 1273 of the Code (i.e., the first price at which a substantial amount of the notes is sold to the public for cash). This discussion does not address all U.S. federal income tax consequences relevant to an owner’s particular circumstances, including alternative minimum tax consequences, the application of Section 451 of the Code with respect to conforming the timing of income accruals to financial statements, and the impact of the Medicare contribution tax on net investment income. In addition, it does not address consequences relevant to persons subject to special rules, including, without limitation:

If an entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds the notes, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will depend on the status of the partner, the activities of the partnership and certain determinations made at the partner level. Accordingly, partnerships holding the notes and the partners in such partnerships should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences to them.

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THIS DISCUSSION IS FOR INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY AND IS NOT TAX ADVICE. INVESTORS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS WITH RESPECT TO THE APPLICATION OF THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS ANY TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF THE NOTES ARISING UNDER OTHER U.S. FEDERAL TAX LAWS (INCLUDING ESTATE AND GIFT TAX LAWS), UNDER THE LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCAL OR NON-U.S. TAXING JURISDICTION OR UNDER ANY APPLICABLE TAX TREATY.

Tax Considerations Applicable to U.S. Holders

Definition of a U.S. Holder

For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of a note that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is or is treated as:

Payments of Interest

Interest on a note generally will be taxable to a U.S. Holder as ordinary income at the time such interest is received or accrued, in accordance with such U.S. Holder’s method of tax accounting for U.S. federal income tax purposes. It is expected, and this discussion assumes, that the notes will be issued without original issue discount for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Certain Additional Payments

In certain circumstances (see “Description of the Notes—Optional Redemption” and “Description of the Notes—Fundamental Change”), we may be obligated to make payments in excess of stated interest and the principal amount of the notes. We intend to take the position that the notes should not be treated as contingent payment debt instruments because of these additional payments. This position is based in part on assumptions regarding the likelihood, as of the date of issuance of the notes, that such additional payments will have to be made. Assuming this position is respected, any amounts paid to a U.S. Holder pursuant to any such redemption or repurchase, as applicable, would be taxable as described below in “—Tax Considerations Applicable to U.S. Holders—Sale or Other Taxable Disposition.” Our position is binding on a U.S. Holder unless such holder discloses its contrary position in the manner required by applicable Treasury Regulations. The IRS, however, may take a position contrary to our position, which could affect the timing and character of a U.S. Holder’s income with respect to the notes. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the potential application of the contingent payment debt instrument rules to the notes and the consequences thereof. The remainder of this discussion assumes that the notes are not treated as contingent payment debt instruments.

Sale or Other Taxable Disposition

A U.S. Holder will recognize gain or loss on the sale, exchange, redemption, retirement or other taxable disposition of a note. The amount of such gain or loss will generally equal the difference between the amount received for the note in cash or other property valued at fair market value (less amounts attributable to any accrued but unpaid interest, which will be treated as a payment of interest) and the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax

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basis in the note. A U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in a note generally will be equal to the amount the U.S. Holder paid for the note. Any gain or loss will be capital gain or loss, and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder has held the note for more than one year at the time of sale or other taxable disposition. Otherwise, such gain or loss will be short-term capital gain or loss. Long-term capital gains recognized by certain non-corporate U.S. Holders, including individuals, generally are eligible for taxation at reduced rates. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

A U.S. Holder may be subject to information reporting and backup withholding when such holder receives payments on a note or proceeds from the sale or other taxable disposition of a note (including a redemption or retirement of a note). Certain U.S. Holders are exempt from backup withholding, including corporations and certain tax-exempt organizations. A U.S. Holder will be subject to backup withholding if such holder is not otherwise exempt and:

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be allowed as a refund or a credit against a U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding their qualification for an exemption from backup withholding and the procedures for obtaining such an exemption.

Tax Considerations Applicable to Non-U.S. Holders

Definition of a Non-U.S. Holder

For purposes of this discussion, a “Non-U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of a note that is neither a U.S. Holder nor an entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Payments of Interest

Interest paid on a note to a Non-U.S. Holder that is not effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, or withholding tax of 30% (or such lower rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty), provided that:

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If a Non-U.S. Holder does not satisfy the requirements above, such Non-U.S. Holder may be entitled to a reduction in or an exemption from withholding on such interest as a result of an applicable tax treaty. To claim such entitlement, the Non-U.S. Holder must provide the applicable withholding agent with a properly executed IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E (or other applicable documentation) claiming a reduction in or exemption from withholding tax under the benefit of an income tax treaty between the United States and the country in which the Non-U.S. Holder resides or is established.

If interest paid to a Non-U.S. Holder is effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, the Non-U.S. Holder maintains a permanent establishment in the United States to which such interest is attributable), the Non-U.S. Holder will be exempt from the U.S. federal withholding tax described above. To claim the exemption, the Non-U.S. Holder must furnish to the applicable withholding agent a valid IRS Form W-8ECI, certifying that interest paid on a note is not subject to withholding tax because it is effectively connected with the conduct by the Non-U.S. Holder of a trade or business within the United States.

Any such effectively connected interest generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the regular rates applicable to United States persons. A Non-U.S. Holder that is a corporation also may be subject to a branch profits tax at a rate of 30% (or such lower rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty) on such effectively connected interest, as adjusted for certain items.

The certifications described above must be provided to the applicable withholding agent prior to the payment of interest and must be updated periodically. Non-U.S. Holders that do not timely provide the applicable withholding agent with the required certification, but that qualify for a reduced rate under an applicable income tax treaty, may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld by timely filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS. Non-U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding their entitlement to benefits under any applicable income tax treaty.

Sale or Other Taxable Disposition

A Non-U.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain realized upon the sale, exchange, redemption, retirement or other taxable disposition of a note (such amount excludes any amount allocable to accrued and unpaid interest, which generally will be treated as discussed above in “—Tax Considerations Applicable to Non-U.S. Holders—Payments of Interest”) unless:

Gain described in the first bullet point above generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net-income basis at the regular rates applicable to United States persons. A Non-U.S. Holder that is a foreign corporation also may be subject to a branch profits tax at a rate of 30% (or such lower rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty) on such effectively connected gain, as adjusted for certain items.

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A Non-U.S. Holder described in the second bullet point above will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at a rate of 30% (or such lower rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty) on gain realized upon the sale, exchange, redemption, retirement or other taxable disposition of a note, which may be offset by U.S.-source capital losses of the Non-U.S. Holder (even though the individual is not considered a resident of the United States), provided the Non-U.S. Holder has timely filed U.S. federal income tax returns with respect to such losses.

Non-U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding any applicable income tax treaties that may provide for different rules.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

Payments of interest generally will not be subject to backup withholding, provided the applicable withholding agent does not have actual knowledge or reason to know the Non-U.S. Holder is a United States person and the Non-U.S. Holder certifies its non-U.S. status as described above under “—Tax Considerations Applicable to Non-U.S. Holders—Payments of Interest.” However, information returns are required to be filed with the IRS in connection with any interest paid to the Non-U.S. Holder, regardless of whether any tax was actually withheld. In addition, proceeds of the sale or other taxable disposition of a note (including a retirement or redemption of the note) within the United States or conducted through certain U.S.-related brokers generally will not be subject to backup withholding or information reporting if the applicable withholding agent receives the statement described above and does not have actual knowledge or reason to know that the Non-U.S. Holder is a United States person or the Non-U.S. Holder otherwise establishes an exemption. Proceeds of a disposition of a note paid outside the United States and conducted through a non-U.S. office of a non-U.S. broker generally will not be subject to backup withholding or information reporting, unless the broker has certain connections to the United States.

Copies of information returns that are filed with the IRS may also be made available under the provisions of an applicable treaty or agreement to the tax authorities of the country in which the Non-U.S. Holder resides or is established.

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be allowed as a refund or a credit against a Non-U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

Additional Withholding Tax on Payments Made to Foreign Accounts

Withholding tax may be imposed under Sections 1471 to 1474 of the Code (such Sections commonly referred to as the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act, or “FATCA”) on certain types of payments made to non-U.S. financial institutions and certain other non-U.S. entities. Specifically, a 30% withholding tax may be imposed on payments of interest on, or (subject to the proposed Treasury Regulations discussed below) gross proceeds from the sale or other disposition of, a note paid to a “foreign financial institution” or a “non-financial foreign entity” (each as defined in the Code), unless (1) the foreign financial institution undertakes certain diligence and reporting obligations, (2) the non-financial foreign entity either certifies that it does not have any “substantial United States owners” (as defined in the Code) or furnishes identifying information regarding each substantial United States owner, or (3) the foreign financial institution or non-financial foreign entity otherwise qualifies for an exemption from these rules. If the payee is a foreign financial institution and is subject to the diligence and reporting requirements in clause (1) above, it must enter into an agreement with the U.S. Department of the Treasury requiring, among other things, that it undertake to identify accounts held by certain “specified United States persons” or “United States owned foreign entities” (each as defined in the Code), annually report certain information about such accounts, and withhold 30% on certain payments to non-compliant foreign financial institutions and certain other account holders. Foreign financial institutions located in jurisdictions that have an intergovernmental agreement with the United States governing FATCA may be subject to different rules.

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Under the applicable Treasury Regulations and administrative guidance, withholding under FATCA generally applies to payments of interest on our debt obligations. While withholding under FATCA would have applied also to payments of gross proceeds from the sale or other disposition of debt obligations occurring on or after January 1, 2019, proposed Treasury Regulations eliminate FATCA withholding on payments of gross proceeds entirely. Taxpayers generally may rely on these proposed Treasury Regulations until final Treasury Regulations are issued. Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors regarding the possible impact of these rules on their investment in the notes, and on the entities through which they hold the notes.

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