Balance Sheet and Cash Flows
For the three months ended March 31, 2022, we reported $1.2 billion of net cash provided by operating activities and $1.2 billion of Free Cash Flow, our highest ever.7 The year over year increase in free cash flow was driven by revenue growth and margin expansion, as well as bookings growth driving increased unearned fees.
Due to seasonality, Q1 2022 cash flow typically benefits from unearned fees that are generated by bookings in the quarter, but not recognized as revenue until future periods. Unearned fees totaled $1.7 billion at the end of Q1 2022, our highest ever, compared to $904 million at the end of Q4 2021.
As of March 31, 2022, we had $9.3 billion of cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, and restricted cash. We also had $6.1 billion of funds held on behalf of guests at the end of Q1 2022.
Outlook
Nights and Experiences Booked and GBV
One month into the second quarter of 2022, we are excited about the continuing strong demand coming out of North America, EMEA and Latin America. Specifically, in Europe and Latin America, we saw the number of nights stayed for the Easter holiday in April eclipse 2019 levels. Heading into peak travel season in Q3 2022, we are seeing substantial demand for summer travel months in EMEA and North America. We are also seeing higher than historical demand for Q4, which indicates that consumer confidence to travel remains strong beyond the summer months.
As we lap the beginning of the travel rebound that started last year, we are particularly encouraged by the compounding growth we are seeing in North America. U.S. domestic demand this year has so far outpaced our internal expectations and we are encouraged by U.S. international bookings exceeding 2019 levels.
Consistent with our outlook last quarter, we recommend indexing quarterly nights booked growth in 2022 to 2019 rather than 2021, as the seasonality in 2021 was different than normal. In 2021, guests delayed booking for summer travel from Q1 to Q2, resulting in muted growth in Q1 followed by significant acceleration in Q2. In 2022, we have seen lead times for bookings normalize with a substantial number of bookings in Q1 2022 already made for peak travel season. As a result, we anticipate that the Nights and Experiences Booked growth rate in Q2 2022 (compared to Q2 2019) will approximate the growth rate in Q1 2022 (compared to Q1 2019).
Opportunities for acceleration in nights booked include further improvement in EMEA, meaningful recovery in Asia Pacific, a normalization of cancellations, and incremental growth from cross-border travel. Risks to nights booked in Q2 2022 and the remainder of the year include additional COVID outbreaks, any impact to travel from the conflict in Ukraine, and consumer price sensitivity.
We expect ADR to be flat in Q2 2022 on a year-over-year basis. Stable ADR in Q2 2022 suggests that Nights and Experiences Booked growth in Q2 will be a good indicator of GBV growth in Q2, both on a year-over-year basis.
7 A reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to the most comparable GAAP measures is provided at the end of this letter.
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