Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2022 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Principles of Consolidation | PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION – These consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and include the accounts of Murphy USA Inc. and its subsidiaries for all periods presented. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions within the consolidated financial statements have been eliminated. |
Revenue Recognition, Shipping and Handling Costs and Vendor Allowances and Rebates | REVENUE RECOGNITION – Revenue is recognized when obligations under the terms of a contract with our customers are satisfied; generally, this occurs with the transfer of control of our petroleum products, convenience merchandise, Renewable Identification Numbers ("RINs") and other assets to our third-party customers. Revenue is measured as the amounts of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. Excise and sales tax that we collect where we have determined we are the principal in the transaction have been recorded as revenue on a jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction basis. The Company enters into buy/sell and similar arrangements when petroleum products are held at one location but are needed at a different location. The Company often pays or receives funds related to the buy/sell arrangement based on location or quality differences. The Company accounts for such transactions as non-monetary exchanges under existing accounting guidance and typically reports these on a net basis in its Consolidated Income Statements. See Note 3 "Revenues" for additional information. SHIPPING AND HANDLING COSTS – Costs incurred for the shipping and handling of motor fuel are included in Petroleum product cost of goods sold in the Consolidated Income Statements. Costs incurred for the shipping and handling of convenience store merchandise are included in Merchandise cost of goods sold in the Consolidated Income Statements. Petroleum product sales (at retail). For our retail store locations, the revenue related to petroleum product sales is recognized as the fuel is pumped to our customers. The transaction price at the pump typically includes some portion of sales or excise taxes as levied in the respective jurisdictions. Those taxes that are collected for remittance to governmental entities on a pass through basis are not recognized as revenue and they are recorded to a liability account until they are paid. Our customers typically use a mixture of cash, checks, credit cards and debit cards to pay for our products as they are received. We have accounts receivable from the various credit/debit card providers at any point in time related to product sales made on credit cards and debit cards. These receivables are typically collected in two Petroleum product sales (at wholesale). Our sales of petroleum products at wholesale are generally recorded as revenue when the deliveries have occurred and legal ownership of the product has transferred to the customer. Title transfer for bulk refined product sales typically occurs at pipeline custody points and upon trucks loading at product terminals. For bulk pipeline sales, we record receivables from customers that are generally collected within a week from custody transfer date. For our rack product sales, the majority of our customers' accounts are drafted by us within 10 days from product transfer. Merchandise sales. For our retail store locations, the revenue related to merchandise sales is recognized as the customer completes their purchase at our locations. The transaction price typically includes some portion of sales tax as levied in the respective jurisdictions. Those taxes that are collected for remittance to governmental entities on a pass through basis are not recognized as revenue and they are recorded to a liability account until they are paid. As noted above, a mixture of payment types are used for these revenues and the same terms for credit/debit card receivables are realized. The most significant judgment with respect to merchandise sales revenue is determining whether we are the principal or agent for some categories of merchandise such as lottery tickets, lotto tickets, newspapers and other small categories of merchandise. For scratch-off lottery tickets, we have determined we are the principal in the majority of the jurisdictions and therefore we record those sales on a gross basis. We have some categories of merchandise (such as lotto tickets) where we are the agent and the revenues recorded for those transactions are our net commission only. The Company offers loyalty programs through its Murphy USA, Murphy Express, and QuickChek branded retail locations. The customers earn rewards based on their spending or other promotional activities. These programs create a performance obligation which requires us to defer a portion of sales revenue to the loyalty program participants until they redeem their rewards. The rewards may be redeemed for free or discounted merchandise or cash discounts at all stores and on fuel purchases at Murphy USA and Murphy Express stores. Earned rewards expire after an account is inactive for a period of 90 days at Murphy USA and Murphy Express, while certain QuickChek rewards require use within the month. We recognize loyalty revenue when a customer redeems an earned reward. Deferred revenue associated with both rewards programs are included in Trade accounts payable and accrued liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheet. The deferred revenue balances at December 31, 2022 and 2021 were immaterial. RINs sales. For the sale of RINs, we recognize revenue when the RIN is transferred to the counter-party and the sale is completed. Receivables from our counter-parties related to the RIN sales are typically collected within five days of the sale. Other revenues. Items reported as other operating revenues include collection allowances for excise and sales tax and other miscellaneous items and are recognized as revenue when the transaction is completed. |
Taxes Collected from Customers and Remitted to Government Authorities | TAXES COLLECTED FROM CUSTOMERS AND REMITTED TO GOVERNMENT AUTHORITIES – Excise and other taxes collected on sales of refined products and remitted to governmental agencies are included in operating revenues and operating expenses in the Consolidated Income Statements. |
Cash Equivalents | CASH EQUIVALENTS – Short-term investments, which include government securities, money market funds and other instruments with government securities as collateral, that have a maturity of three months or less from the date of purchase are classified as cash equivalents. |
Marketable Securities | MARKETABLE SECURITIES – The Company considers highly liquid treasury notes, corporate debt securities, and other funds with original maturities of more than three months to be marketable securities. Securities with less than one year to maturity are included in short-term marketable securities, and all other securities are classified as long-term marketable securities. Marketable securities are classified as held-to-maturity when the Company has both the positive intent and ability to hold the securities to maturity and are carried at amortized cost. Marketable securities are classified as available-for-sale when the Company does not have the intent to hold securities to maturity to allow flexibility in response to liquidity needs and are carried at fair value. The Company records securities at fair value on its consolidated balance sheets, with unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). See Note 5 "Marketable Securities" and Note 18 "Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value" for additional information on our policy and the fair value measurement of the Company's marketable securities. |
Accounts Receivable | ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE – The Company’s accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The accounts receivable primarily consists of amounts owed to the Company from credit card companies and by customers for wholesale sales of refined petroleum products. The allowance for doubtful accounts is the Company’s best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses on these receivables. The Company reviews this allowance for adequacy at least quarterly and bases its assessment on a combination of current information about its customers and historical write-off experience. Any trade accounts receivable balances written off are charged against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company has not experienced any significant credit-related losses in the past three years. |
Inventories | INVENTORIES – Inventories of petroleum products located at Murphy branded stores are valued at the lower of cost, generally applied on a last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) basis, or market, while petroleum products located at QuickChek branded stores are valued at weighted average cost. Any increments to LIFO inventory volumes are valued based on the first purchase price for these volumes during the year. Merchandise inventories held for resale at Murphy branded stores are carried at average cost. Certain merchandise inventories at QuickChek stores are on a LIFO basis while all other items are valued on average cost. Materials and supplies are valued at the lower of average cost or net realizable value. |
Business Combinations | BUSINESS COMBINATIONS – |
Property, Plant and Equipment | PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT – Additions to property, plant and equipment, including renewals and betterments, are capitalized and recorded at cost. Certain marketing facilities are primarily depreciated using the composite straight-line method with depreciable lives ranging from 16 to 25 years. Gasoline stores, improvements to gasoline stores and other assets are depreciated over 3 to 50 years by individual unit on the straight-line method. The Company capitalizes interest costs as a component of construction in progress on individually significant projects based on the weighted average interest rates incurred on its long-term borrowings. Total interest cost capitalized was $1.1 million in 2022, $2.1 million in 2021 and $1.4 million in 2020. The Company has undertaken like-kind exchange ("LKE") transactions under the Federal tax code in an effort to acquire and sell real property in a tax efficient manner. The Company generally enters into forward transactions, in which property is sold and the proceeds are reinvested by acquiring similar property; and reverse transactions, in which property is acquired and similar property is subsequently sold. A qualified LKE intermediary is used to facilitate these LKE transactions. Proceeds from forward LKE transactions are held by the intermediary and are classified as restricted cash on the Company's balance sheet because the funds must be reinvested in similar properties. If the acquisition of suitable LKE properties is not completed within 180 days of the sale of the Company-owned property, the proceeds are distributed to the Company by the intermediary and are reclassified as available cash and applicable income taxes are determined. An exchange accommodation titleholder, a type of variable interest entity, is used to facilitate reverse like-kind exchanges. The acquired assets are held by the exchange accommodation titleholder until the exchange transactions are complete. If the Company determines that it is the primary beneficiary of the exchange accommodation titleholder, the replacements assets held by the exchange accommodation titleholder are consolidated and recorded in Property, Plant and Equipment on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The unspent proceeds that are held in trust with the intermediary are recorded as noncurrent assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as the cash was restricted for the acquisition of similar properties. |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets | GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS – |
Impairment of Assets | IMPAIRMENT OF ASSETS – Long-lived assets, which include property and equipment and finite-lived assets, are tested for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested annually. A long-lived asset is not recoverable if its carrying amount exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from its use and eventual disposition. If a long-lived asset is not recoverable, an impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the long-lived asset exceeds its fair value, with fair value determined based on discounted estimated net cash flows or other appropriate methods. |
Asset Retirement Obligations | ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATIONS – The Company records a liability for asset retirement obligations (“ARO”) equal to the fair value of the estimated cost to retire an asset. The ARO liability is initially recorded in the period in which the obligation meets the definition of a liability, which is generally when the asset is placed in service. The ARO liability is estimated using existing regulatory requirements and anticipated future inflation rates. When the liability is initially recorded, the Company increases the carrying amount of the related long-lived asset by an amount equal to the original liability. The liability is increased over time to reflect the change in its present value, and the capitalized cost is depreciated over the useful life of the related long-lived asset. The Company reevaluates the adequacy of its recorded ARO liability at least annually. Actual costs of asset retirements such as dismantling service stores and site restoration are charged against the related liability. Any difference between costs incurred upon settlement of an asset retirement obligation and the recorded liability is recognized as a gain or loss in the Company’s Consolidated Income Statements. |
Environmental Liabilities | ENVIRONMENTAL LIABILITIES – A liability for environmental matters is established when it is probable that an environmental obligation exists and the cost can be reasonably estimated. If there is a range of reasonably estimated costs, the most likely amount will be recorded, or if no amount is most likely, the minimum of the range is used. Related expenditures are charged against the liability. Environmental remediation liabilities have not been discounted for the time value of future expected payments. Environmental expenditures that have future economic benefit are capitalized. |
Income Taxes | INCOME TAXES – The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, income taxes are provided for amounts currently payable and for amounts deferred as tax assets and liabilities based on differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of existing assets and liabilities. Deferred income taxes are measured using the enacted tax rates that are assumed will be in effect when the differences reverse. The Company routinely assesses the realizability of deferred tax assets based on available positive and negative evidence including assumptions of future taxable income, tax planning strategies and other pertinent factors. A deferred tax asset valuation allowance is recorded when evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that all or a portion of these deferred tax assets will not be realized in a future period. The accounting principles for income tax uncertainties permit recognition of income tax benefits only when they are more likely than not to be realized. The Company has elected to classify any interest expense and penalties related to the underpayment of income taxes in Income tax expense in the Consolidated Income Statements. |
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities | DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES – The fair value of a derivative instrument is recognized as an asset or liability in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Upon entering into a derivative contract, the Company may designate the derivative as either a fair value hedge or a cash flow hedge, or decide that the contract is not a hedge, and therefore, recognize changes in the fair value of the contract in earnings. The Company documents the relationship between the derivative instrument designated as a hedge and the hedged items as well as its objective for risk management and strategy for use of the hedging instrument to manage the risk. Derivative instruments designated as fair value or cash flow hedges are linked to specific assets and liabilities or to specific firm commitments or forecasted transactions. The Company assesses at inception and on an ongoing basis whether a derivative instrument accounted for as a hedge is highly effective in offsetting changes in the fair value or cash flows of the hedged item. A derivative that is not a highly effective hedge does not qualify for hedge accounting. The change in the fair value of a qualifying fair value hedge is recorded in earnings along with the gain or loss on the hedged item. The effective portion of the change in the fair value of a qualifying cash flow hedge is recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) in the consolidated Balance Sheets until the hedged item is recognized currently in earnings. If a derivative instrument no longer qualifies as a cash flow hedge and the underlying forecasted transaction is no longer probable of occurring, hedge accounting is discontinued and the gain or loss recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income is recognized immediately in earnings. If a hedge is de-designated, hedge accounting will no longer apply and from that time the gain and losses will be recognized in earnings and any accumulated amounts in other comprehensive income will be amortized to earnings over the remaining life of the underlying instrument. See Note 15 "Financial Instruments and Risk Management" and Note 18 "Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value" for further information about the Company’s derivatives.DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS — The Company makes limited use of derivative instruments to manage certain risks related to commodity prices and interest rates. The use of derivative instruments for risk management is covered by operating policies and is closely monitored by the Company’s senior management. The Company does not hold any derivatives for speculative purposes and it does not use derivatives with leveraged or complex features. Derivative instruments are traded primarily with creditworthy major financial institutions or over national exchanges such as the New York Mercantile Exchange (“NYMEX”). For accounting purposes, the Company has not designated commodity derivative contracts as hedges, and therefore, it recognizes all gains and losses on these derivative contracts in its Consolidated Statement of Income. Certain interest rate derivative contracts were accounted for as hedges and gain or loss associated with recording the fair value of these contracts was deferred in AOCI until the anticipated transactions occur. |
Stock-Based Compensation | STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION – The fair value of awarded stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance stock units is determined based on a combination of management assumptions for awards issued. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model for computing the fair value of stock options. The primary assumptions made by management included the expected life of the stock option award and the expected volatility of the Company’s common stock prices. The Company uses both historical data and current information to support its assumptions. Stock option expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of three years. The Company uses a Monte Carlo valuation model to determine the fair value of performance-based stock units that are based on performance compared against a peer group and the related expense is recognized over the three-year requisite service period. Management estimates the number of all awards that will not vest and adjusts its compensation expense accordingly. Differences between estimated and actual vested amounts are accounted for as an adjustment to expense when known. See Note 13 "Incentive Plans" for a discussion of the basis of allocation of such costs. |
Use of Estimates | USE OF ESTIMATES – In preparing the financial statements of the Company in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management has made a number of estimates and assumptions related to the reporting of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from the estimates. On an ongoing basis, we review our estimates based on currently available information. Changes in facts and circumstances may result in revised estimates. |
Leases | The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease or contains a lease at inception. Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company's leases have remaining lease terms of approximately 1 year to 38 years, which may include the option to extend the lease when it is reasonably certain the Company will exercise the option. Most leases include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term from 5 to 20 years or more. The exercise of lease renewal options is at the Company's sole discretion. Due to the uncertainties of future markets, economic factors, technology changes, demographic shifts and behavior, environmental regulatory requirements and other information that impacts decisions as to store location, management has determined that it was not reasonably certain to exercise contract options and they are not included in the lease term. Additionally, short-term leases and leases with variable lease costs are immaterial. The Company reviews all options to extend, terminate, or otherwise modify its lease agreements to determine if changes are required to the right of use assets and liabilities.As the implicit interest rate is not readily determinable in most of the Company's lease agreements, the Company uses its estimated secured incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. |
Recent Accounting and Reporting Rules | Recent Accounting and Reporting Rules In August 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, "Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers," which requires an acquirer in a business combination to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities (deferred revenue) from acquired contracts using the revenue recognition guidance in Topic 606. Under Topic 606, the acquirer applies the revenue model as if it had originated the contracts. This is a departure from the current requirement to measure contract assets and contract liabilities at fair value. This ASU is effective for the Company for the year beginning January 1, 2023, with early adoption permitted. The Company has determined this will not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848." The amendments in this Update defer the sunset date of Topic 848 from December 31, 2022, to December 31, 2024. These amendments apply to all entities and are effective upon issuance of the Update. The Company has determined this standard has not had a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. |