Shopify (SHOP) F-10Registration of securities (Canada)

We have not authorized anyone to provide readers with information different from that contained in this Prospectus (or incorporated by reference herein) or in any free writing prospectus prepared by us. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to, the reliability of any other information that others may give readers of this Prospectus. We are not making an offer of Securities in any jurisdiction where the offer is not permitted.

Readers should not assume that the information contained or incorporated by reference in this Prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date of this Prospectus or the respective dates of the documents incorporated by reference herein, unless otherwise noted herein or as required by law. It should be assumed that the information appearing in this Prospectus, any Prospectus Supplement and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein are accurate only as of their respective dates. The business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects of the Company may have changed since those dates.

This Prospectus shall not be used by anyone for any purpose other than in connection with an offering of Securities as described in one or more Prospectus Supplements. We do not undertake to update the information contained or incorporated by reference herein, including any Prospectus Supplement, except as required by applicable securities laws. Information contained on, or otherwise accessed through, our website shall not be deemed to be a part of this Prospectus and such information is not incorporated by reference herein.

The following documents, filed by the Company with securities commissions or similar regulatory authorities in Canada, are specifically incorporated by reference into, and form an integral part of, this Prospectus:

Any document of the type required by National Instrument 44-101 – Short Form Prospectus Distributions to be incorporated by reference into a short form prospectus, including any annual information forms, material change reports (except confidential material change reports), business acquisition reports, interim financial statements, annual financial statements (in each case, including exhibits containing updated earnings coverage information) and the report of independent registered public accounting firm thereon, management’s discussion and analysis and information circulars of the Company filed by the Company with securities commissions or similar authorities in Canada after the date of this Prospectus and prior to the completion or withdrawal of any offering under this Prospectus shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this Prospectus. In addition, all documents filed on Form 6-K or Form 40-F by the Company with the SEC on or after the date of this Prospectus shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into the registration statement on Form F-10 (the “Registration Statement”) of which this Prospectus forms a part, if and to the extent, in the case of any Report on Form 6-K, expressly provided in such document. The documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein contain meaningful and material information relating to the Company and readers should review all information contained in this Prospectus, the applicable Prospectus Supplement and the documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein and therein.

Upon the filing of a new annual information form and new annual consolidated financial statements by the Company with the applicable Canadian securities commissions or similar regulatory authorities in Canada during the period that this Prospectus is effective, the previous annual information form, the previous annual consolidated

References to our website in any documents that are incorporated by reference into this Prospectus do not incorporate by reference the information on such website into this Prospectus, and we disclaim any such incorporation by reference.

Any “template version” of “marketing materials” (as those terms are defined in National Instrument 41-101 — General Prospectus Requirements) pertaining to a distribution of Securities filed after the date of a Prospectus Supplement and before termination of the distribution of Securities offered pursuant to such Prospectus Supplement will be deemed to be incorporated by reference into the Prospectus Supplement for the purposes of the distribution of the Securities to which the Prospectus Supplement pertains.

A Prospectus Supplement containing the specific terms of an offering of Securities and other information in relation to the Securities will be delivered to prospective purchasers of such Securities together with this Prospectus and shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this Prospectus as of the date of such Prospectus Supplement but only for the purposes of the offering of the Securities covered by that Prospectus Supplement.

This Prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein contain forward-looking statements about Shopify’s business outlook, objectives, strategies, plans, strategic priorities and results of operations as well as other statements that are not historical facts. A statement Shopify makes is forward-looking when it uses what Shopify knows and expects today to make a statement about the future. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by words such as “may”, “might”, “will”, “should”, “could”, “expects”, “intends”, “plans”, “anticipates”, “believes”, “estimates”, “predicts”, “projects”, “potential”, “continue”, or the negative of these terms or other similar words. In addition, any statements or information that refer to expectations, beliefs, plans, projections, objectives, performance or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking. All such forward-looking statements are made under the provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and constitute forward-looking information within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities legislation.

Specifically, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, all statements included in this Prospectus, including the documents incorporated by reference herein, that address activities, events or developments that Shopify expects or anticipates will or may occur in the future, and other statements that are not historical facts, are forward-looking statements. These statements are based upon our management’s perception of historic trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors management believes are appropriate in the circumstances. Although we believe that the plans, intentions, expectations, assumptions and strategies reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, these statements relate to future events or our future financial performance, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, including but not limited to the risks described in detail in the section entitled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in documents incorporated by reference herein, that may cause our actual results to be materially different from any future results expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Accordingly, prospective purchasers should not place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements contained in this Prospectus or in the documents incorporated by reference herein.

Forward-looking statements made in this Prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference herein are based on a number of assumptions that Shopify believed were reasonable on the day it made the forward-looking statements. Refer to the documents incorporated by reference herein for certain assumptions that Shopify has made in preparing forward-looking statements. If our assumptions turn out to be inaccurate, our actual results could be materially different from what we expect.

The forward-looking statements in this Prospectus represent our views as of the date of this Prospectus and forward-looking statements contained in the documents incorporated by reference herein represent our views as of the date of such documents, unless otherwise indicated in such documents. We anticipate that subsequent events and developments may cause our views to change. However, while we may elect to update these forward-looking statements at some point in the future, we have no current intention of doing so except to the extent required by applicable law.

Prospective purchasers are cautioned that the risks referred to above are not the only ones that could affect Shopify. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to Shopify or that Shopify currently deems to be immaterial may also have a material adverse effect on Shopify’s financial position, financial performance, cash flows, business or reputation.

We are a corporation incorporated under and governed by the Canada Business Corporations Act (the “CBCA”). Certain our directors and officers reside principally in Canada, and the majority of our assets and all or a substantial portion of the assets of these persons is located outside the United States. The Company has appointed an agent for service of process in the United States; however it may nevertheless be difficult for investors who reside in the United States to effect service of process in the United States upon the Company or any such persons, or to enforce a U.S. court judgment predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against the Company or any such persons. There is substantial doubt whether an action could be brought in Canada in the first instance predicated solely upon U.S. federal securities laws.

We express all amounts in this Prospectus in U.S. dollars, except where otherwise indicated. References to “$” and “US$” are to U.S. dollars and references to “C$” are to Canadian dollars. On November 8, 2024 the Bank of Canada rate of exchange was US$1.00 = C$1.3913 or C$1.00 = US$0.7188.

Shopify files certain reports with, and furnishes other information to, each of the SEC and certain securities regulatory authorities of Canada. Under a multijurisdictional disclosure system adopted by the United States and Canada, such reports and other information may be prepared in accordance with the disclosure requirements of the provincial and territorial securities regulatory authorities of Canada, which requirements are different from those of the United States. As a foreign private issuer, Shopify is exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and Shopify’s officers and directors are exempt from the reporting and short swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. Shopify’s reports and other information filed or furnished with or to the SEC are available, from EDGAR at www.sec.gov, as well as from commercial document retrieval services. Shopify’s Canadian filings are available on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca.

Shopify has filed with the SEC under the Securities Act the Registration Statement relating to the Securities being offered hereunder, of which this Prospectus forms a part. This Prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the Registration Statement, certain items of which are contained in the exhibits to the Registration Statement as permitted or required by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Items of information omitted from this Prospectus but contained in the Registration Statement will be available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

Shopify is a leading global commerce company that provides essential internet infrastructure for commerce, offering trusted tools to start, scale, market, and run a retail business of any size. Shopify makes commerce better for everyone with a platform and services that are engineered for speed, customization, reliability and security, while delivering a better shopping experience for consumers everywhere.

The Shopify platform is engineered to enterprise-level standards and functionality and designed for simplicity and ease of use. We also design our platform with a robust technical infrastructure able to manage large spikes in traffic that accompany events such as new product releases, holiday shopping seasons and flash sales. We are constantly innovating and enhancing our platform, with our continuously deployed, multi-tenant architecture ensuring all of our merchants are always using the latest technology.

While we consider the Company’s location to be the internet, our registered office is located at 151 O’Connor Street, Ground Floor, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K2P 2L8. Additional information about our business is included in the documents incorporated by reference into this Prospectus.

The net proceeds to the Company from any offering of Securities and the proposed use of those proceeds will be set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement relating to that offering of Securities. The Company will not receive any proceeds from any sales of Securities offered by a selling securityholder.

Our authorized share capital consists of an unlimited number of Class A Subordinate Voting Shares, an unlimited number of Class B Restricted Voting Shares, one Founder Share, and an unlimited number of preferred shares, issuable in series.

The Class B Restricted Voting Shares carry a greater number of votes per share relative to the Class A Subordinate Voting Shares, and the Founder Share has a variable number of votes. The Class A Subordinate Voting Shares are therefore, and the Class B Restricted Voting Shares may be considered to be, “restricted securities” within the meaning of such term under applicable Canadian securities laws.

As of November 11, 2024, 1,212,833,365 Class A Subordinate Voting Shares, 79,267,906 Class B Restricted Voting Shares, one Founder Share and no preferred shares were issued and outstanding, and the Class A Subordinate Voting Shares represent 93.87% of the total issued and outstanding shares and 59.83% of the aggregate voting power attached to all of the Company’s outstanding voting shares, the Class B Restricted Voting Shares represent 6.13% of the total issued and outstanding shares and 39.10% of the aggregate voting power attached to all of the Company’s outstanding voting shares and the Founder Share represents a de minimis percentage of the total issued and outstanding shares and 1.07% of the aggregate voting power attached to all of the Company’s outstanding voting shares.

Except as described in this Prospectus, the Class A Subordinate Voting Shares and the Class B Restricted Voting Shares have the same rights, are equal in all respects and are treated by the Company as if they were one class of shares.

The Class A Subordinate Voting Shares and Class B Restricted Voting Shares rank pari passu with respect to the payment of dividends, distribution of property and assets in the event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company. In the event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, whether voluntarily or involuntarily, or any other distribution of its assets among its shareholders for the purpose of winding-up its affairs, the holders of Class A Subordinate Voting Shares and the holders of Class B Restricted Voting Shares are entitled to participate equally in the remaining property and assets of the Company available for distribution to the holders of shares, without preference or distinction among or between the Class A Subordinate Voting Shares and the Class B Restricted Voting Shares, subject to the rights of the holders of any preferred shares.

The holders of outstanding Class A Subordinate Voting Shares and Class B Restricted Voting Shares are entitled to receive dividends on a share for share basis at such times and in such amounts and form as our Board of Directors may from time to time determine, but subject to the rights of the holders of any preferred shares, without preference or distinction among or between the Class A Subordinate Voting Shares and the Class B Restricted Voting Shares. In the event of a payment of a dividend in the form of shares, Class A Subordinate Voting Shares shall be distributed with respect to outstanding Class A Subordinate Voting Shares and Class B Restricted Voting Shares shall be distributed with respect to outstanding Class B Restricted Voting Shares, unless otherwise determined by our board.

Holders of Class A Subordinate Voting Shares and Class B Restricted Voting Shares are entitled to receive notice of and to attend meetings of shareholders, except meetings at which only holders of another particular class or series have the right to vote. Each Class A Subordinate Voting Share is entitled to one vote per share and each Class B Restricted Voting Share is entitled to 10 votes per share.

The Class A Subordinate Voting Shares are not convertible into any other class of shares. Each outstanding Class B Restricted Voting Share may at any time, at the option of the holder, be converted into one Class A Subordinate Voting Share. Upon the first date that a Class B Restricted Voting Share is Transferred (as defined below) by a holder of Class B Restricted Voting Shares, other than to a Permitted Holder (as defined below) or from any such Permitted Holder back to such holder of Class B Restricted Voting Shares and/or any other Permitted Holder of such

In addition, all Class B Restricted Voting Shares will convert automatically into Class A Subordinate Voting Shares on the date on which the outstanding Class B Restricted Voting Shares represent less than 5% of the aggregate number of outstanding Class A Subordinate Voting Shares and Class B Restricted Voting Shares as a group.

“Affiliate” means, with respect to any specified Person, any other Person which directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with such specified Person;

“Members of the Immediate Family” means with respect to any individual, each parent (whether by birth or adoption), spouse, or child or other descendants (whether by birth or adoption) of such individual, each spouse of any of the aforementioned Persons, each trust created solely for the benefit of such individual and/or one or more of the aforementioned Persons, and each legal representative of such individual or of any aforementioned Persons (including without limitation a tutor, curator, mandatary due to incapacity, custodian, guardian or testamentary executor), acting in such capacity under the authority of the law, an order from a competent tribunal, a will or a mandate in case of incapacity or similar instrument. For the purposes of this definition, a Person shall be considered the spouse of an individual if such Person is legally married to such individual, lives in a civil union with such individual or is the common law partner (as defined in the Income Tax Act (Canada) as amended from time to time) of such individual. A Person who was the spouse of an individual within the meaning of this paragraph immediately before the death of such individual shall continue to be considered a spouse of such individual after the death of such individual;

“Permitted Holders” means, in respect of a holder of Class B Restricted Voting Shares that is an individual, the Members of the Immediate Family of such individual and any Person controlled, directly or indirectly, by any such holder, and in respect of a holder of Class B Restricted Voting Shares that is not an individual, an Affiliate of that holder;

“Person” means any individual, partnership, corporation, company, association, trust, joint venture or limited liability company;

“Transfer” of a Class B Restricted Voting Share shall mean any sale, assignment, transfer, conveyance, hypothecation or other transfer or disposition of such share or any legal or beneficial interest in such share, whether or not for value and whether voluntary or involuntary or by operation of law. A “Transfer” shall also include, without limitation, (1) a transfer of a Class B Restricted Voting Share to a broker or other nominee (regardless of whether or not there is a corresponding change in beneficial ownership) or (2) the transfer of, or entering into a binding agreement with respect to, Voting Control over a Class B Restricted Voting Share by proxy or otherwise, provided, however, that the following shall not be considered a “Transfer”: (a) the grant of a proxy to our officers or directors at the request of our Board of Directors in connection with actions to be taken at an annual or special meeting of shareholders; or (b) the pledge of a Class B Restricted Voting Share that creates a mere security interest in such share pursuant to a bona fide loan or indebtedness transaction so long as the holder of the Class B Restricted Voting Share continues to exercise Voting Control over such pledged shares; provided, however, that a foreclosure on such Class B Restricted Voting Share or other similar action by the pledgee shall constitute a “Transfer”;

“Voting Control” with respect to a Class B Restricted Voting Share means the exclusive power (whether directly or indirectly) to vote or direct the voting of such Class B Restricted Voting Share by proxy, voting agreement or otherwise; and

A Person is “controlled” by another Person or other Persons if: (1) in the case of a company or other body corporate wherever or however incorporated: (A) securities entitled to vote in the election of directors carrying in the aggregate at least a majority of the votes for the election of directors and representing in the aggregate at least a majority of the participating (equity) securities are held, other than by way of security only, directly or indirectly, by or solely for the benefit of the other Person or Persons; and (B) the votes carried in the aggregate by such securities are entitled, if exercised, to elect a majority of the board of directors of such company or other body corporate; or

No subdivision or consolidation of the Class A Subordinate Voting Shares or the Class B Restricted Voting Shares may be carried out unless, at the same time, the Class B Restricted Voting Shares or the Class A Subordinate Voting Shares, as the case may be, are subdivided or consolidated in the same manner and on the same basis.

Except as required by the CBCA, applicable securities laws or the Company’s restated articles of incorporation, holders of Class A Subordinate Voting shares and Class B Restricted Voting Shares will vote together on all matters subject to a vote of holders of both those classes of shares as if they were one class of shares.

Neither the holders of the Class A Subordinate Voting Shares nor the holders of the Class B Restricted Voting Shares shall be entitled to vote separately as a class upon a proposal to amend the Company’s restated articles of incorporation in the case of an amendment to (1) increase or decrease any maximum number of authorized shares of such class, or increase any maximum number of authorized shares of a class having rights or privileges equal or superior to the shares of such class; or (2) create a new class of shares equal or superior to the shares of such class, which rights are otherwise provided for in paragraphs (a) and (e) of subsection 176(1) of the CBCA, respectively. Pursuant to the Company’s restated articles of incorporation, neither holders of Class A Subordinate Voting Shares nor holders of Class B Restricted Voting Shares will be entitled to vote separately as a class on a proposal to amend the Company’s restated articles of incorporation to effect an exchange, reclassification or cancellation of all or part of the shares of such class pursuant to Section 176(1)(b) of the CBCA unless such exchange, reclassification or cancellation: (a) affects only the holders of that class; or (b) affects the holders of Class A Subordinate Voting Shares and Class B Restricted Voting Shares differently, on a per share basis, and such holders are not already otherwise entitled to vote separately as a class under applicable law or the Company’s restated articles of incorporation in respect of such exchange, reclassification or cancellation.

Pursuant to the Company’s restated articles of incorporation, holders of Class A Subordinate Voting Shares and Class B Restricted Voting Shares will be treated equally and identically, on a per share basis, in certain change of control transactions that require approval of shareholders under the CBCA, unless different treatment of the shares of each such class is approved by a majority of the votes cast by the holders of Class A Subordinate Voting Shares and Class B Restricted Voting Shares, each voting separately as a class.

Under applicable Canadian law, an offer to purchase Class B Restricted Voting Shares would not necessarily require that an offer be made to purchase Class A Subordinate Voting Shares. In accordance with the rules of the TSX designed to ensure that, in the event of a take-over bid, the holders of Class A Subordinate Voting Shares will be entitled to participate on an equal footing with holders of Class B Restricted Voting Shares, upon the completion of our initial public offering the holders of over 80% of the then outstanding Class B Restricted Voting Shares entered into a customary coattail agreement with Shopify and a trustee (the “Coattail Agreement”). The Coattail Agreement contains provisions customary for dual class, TSX listed corporations designed to prevent transactions that otherwise would deprive the holders of Class A Subordinate Voting Shares of rights under the take-over bid provisions of applicable Canadian securities laws to which they would have been entitled if the Class B Restricted Voting Shares had been Class A Subordinate Voting Shares.

The undertakings in the Coattail Agreement will not apply to prevent a sale of Class B Restricted Voting Shares by a holder of Class B Restricted Voting Shares party to the Coattail Agreement if concurrently an offer is made to purchase Class A Subordinate Voting Shares that:

In addition, the Coattail Agreement will not prevent the sale of Class B Restricted Voting Shares by a holder thereof to a Permitted Holder, provided such sale does not or would not constitute a take-over bid or, if so, is exempt or would be exempt from the formal bid requirements (as defined in applicable securities laws). The conversion of Class B Restricted Voting Shares into Class A Subordinate Voting Shares, shall not, in and of itself, constitute a sale of Class B Restricted Voting Shares for the purposes of the Coattail Agreement.

Under the Coattail Agreement, any sale of Class B Restricted Voting Shares (including a transfer to a pledgee as security) by a holder of Class B Restricted Voting Shares party to the Coattail Agreement will be conditional upon the transferee or pledgee becoming a party to the Coattail Agreement, to the extent such transferred Class B Restricted Voting Shares are not automatically converted into Class A Subordinate Voting Shares in accordance with our restated articles of incorporation.

The Coattail Agreement contains provisions for authorizing action by the trustee to enforce the rights under the Coattail Agreement on behalf of the holders of the Class A Subordinate Voting Shares. The obligation of the trustee to take such action will be conditional on Shopify or holders of the Class A Subordinate Voting Shares providing such funds and indemnity as the trustee may require. No holder of Class A Subordinate Voting Shares will have the right, other than through the trustee, to institute any action or proceeding or to exercise any other remedy to enforce any rights arising under the Coattail Agreement unless the trustee fails to act on a request authorized by holders of not less than 10% of the outstanding Class A Subordinate Voting Shares and reasonable funds and indemnity have been provided to the trustee.

The Coattail Agreement provides that it may not be amended, and no provision thereof may be waived, unless, prior to giving effect to such amendment or waiver, the following have been obtained: (a) the consent of the TSX and any other applicable securities regulatory authority in Canada and (b) the approval of at least 66 2/3% of the votes cast by holders of Class A Subordinate Voting Shares represented at a meeting duly called for the purpose of considering such amendment or waiver, excluding votes attached to Class A Subordinate Voting Shares held directly or indirectly by holders of Class B Restricted Voting Shares, their affiliates and related parties and any persons who have an agreement to purchase Class B Restricted Voting Shares on terms which would constitute a sale for purposes of the Coattail Agreement other than as permitted thereby.

No provision of the Coattail Agreement limits the rights of any holders of Class A Subordinate Voting Shares under applicable law.

The holder of the Founder Share is not entitled to receive any property or assets of the Company on the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company whether voluntarily or involuntarily, or any other distribution of assets of the Company among its shareholders for the purposes of winding up its affairs.

The holder of the Founder Share is entitled to receive notice of and to attend all meetings of shareholders of the Company, except meetings at which only holders of another particular class or series shall have the right to vote.

Subject to the limitations set forth below, at each meeting of shareholders of the Company, the Founder Share shall entitle the holder thereof to the Specified Number of votes.

The number of votes carried by the Founder Share shall be automatically and permanently reduced to one vote on the Sunset Date.

“Founder Group” means the Members of the Immediate Family of the Founder and any Person (other than the Company and its subsidiaries) controlled, directly or indirectly, by the Founder;

“Founder Group MVS/SVS Percentage” means the Founder Group MVS/SVS Votes divided by the Total Votes, expressed as a percentage;

“Founder Group MVS/SVS Votes” means, as of the applicable record date, the number of votes that may be exercised with respect to all Voting Shares that the holder of the Founder Share or the Founder Group beneficially owns or exercises Voting Control over (except by way of any proxy or power of attorney granted pursuant to a general solicitation of proxies in connection with actions to be taken at an annual or special meeting of shareholders, or otherwise at the direction of the Board of Directors, in respect of Voting Shares over which Voting Control would otherwise be exercised by Persons other than the Founder and the Founder Group), excluding the number of votes attached to the Founder Share;

“Founder MVS Percentage” means the Founder MVS Votes divided by the Total Votes, expressed as a percentage;

“Founder MVS Votes” means, as of the applicable record date, the number of votes that may be exercised with respect to: (a) all Class B Restricted Voting Shares that the holder of the Founder Share or the Founder Group beneficially owns or exercises Voting Control over (except by way of any proxy or power of attorney granted pursuant to a general solicitation of proxies in connection with actions to be taken at an annual or special meeting of shareholders, or otherwise at the direction of the Board of Directors, in respect of Class B Restricted Voting Shares over which Voting Control would otherwise be exercised by Persons other than the Founder and the Founder Group), (b) all Class A Subordinate Voting Shares that the holder of the Founder Share or the Founder Group beneficially owns or exercises Voting Control over (except by way of any proxy or power of attorney granted pursuant to a general solicitation of proxies in connection with actions to be taken at an annual or special meeting of shareholders, or otherwise at the direction of the Board of Directors, in respect of Class A Subordinate Voting Shares over which Voting Control would otherwise be exercised by Persons other than the Founder and the Founder Group) which resulted from the conversion of Class B Restricted Voting Shares in accordance with subsection 1.4 and/or subsection 1.5 from and after the Effective Date (such shares, the “MVS Conversion Shares”), and (c) if any MVS Conversion Shares have been transferred, sold or otherwise disposed of by the Founder or the Founder Group, the number of Class A Subordinate Voting Shares equal to the lesser of (i) the number of Class A Subordinate Voting Shares acquired by the Founder or the Founder Group from and after the Effective Date (excluding, for the avoidance of doubt, the MVS Conversion Shares), and (ii) the number of MVS Conversion Shares that have been transferred, sold or otherwise disposed of by the Founder or the Founder Group (and, for certainty, if the number of Class A Subordinate Voting Shares in (i) and (ii) are equal, that number);

“Members of the Immediate Family” means with respect to any individual, each parent (whether by birth or adoption), spouse, child or other descendants (whether by birth or adoption) of such individual, each spouse of any of the aforementioned Persons, each trust created solely for the benefit of such individual and/or one or more of the aforementioned Persons, and each legal representative of such individual or of any aforementioned Persons (including without limitation a tutor, curator, mandatary due to incapacity, custodian, guardian or testamentary

“Person” means any individual, partnership, corporation, company, association, trust, joint venture or limited liability company;

“Specified Number” means, as of the applicable record date, the lesser of: (a) the Variable Number, and (b) the Variable Difference;

“Sunset Date” means the date determined by the Board of Directors that is not less than 9 months and not more than 18 months following the occurrence of a Sunset Event and, if no such date is determined by the Board of Directors, the date that is 9 months following the occurrence of a Sunset Event;

“Sunset Event” means the earliest to occur of: (a) the date that both (i) the Founder is no longer providing services to the Company as (A) an executive officer (as such term is defined in the Company’s articles); of the Company or (B) a consultant whose primary engagement is with the Company, and (ii) the Founder is no longer serving as a member of the Board of Directors; (b) the date of the Founder’s death or Disability (as such term is defined in the Company’s articles); or (c) the date that the number of Class B Restricted Voting Shares and Class A Subordinate Voting Shares beneficially owned by the Founder and the Founder Group, in the aggregate, is less than 30% of the aggregate number of Class B Restricted Voting Shares beneficially owned by the Founder and the Founder’s affiliates as of April 11, 2022, as adjusted to appropriately reflect any share split, consolidation, stock dividend, reorganization, recapitalization, or similar event approved by the Board of Directors and effected after the Effective Date affecting the number of outstanding Class B Restricted Voting Shares and/or Class A Subordinate Voting Shares;

“Total Votes” means, as of the applicable record date, the number of votes that may be exercised by holders of all of the issued and outstanding Voting Shares (excluding the number of votes attached to the Founder Share);

“Variable Difference” means, as of the applicable record date, the number of votes which, when added together with the Founder Group MVS/SVS Votes, is equal to 49.9% of the number of votes that may be exercised by holders of all of the issued and outstanding Voting Shares (including the number of votes attached to the Founder Share);

“Variable Number” means, as of the applicable record date, the number of votes which, when added together with the Founder MVS Votes, is equal to 40% of the number of votes that may be exercised by holders of all of the issued and outstanding Voting Shares (including the number of votes attached to the Founder Share);

“Voting Control” with respect to a Voting Share means the exclusive power (whether directly or indirectly) to vote or direct the voting of such Voting Share by proxy, voting agreement or otherwise;

“Voting Shares” means any outstanding shares of the Company carrying a voting right either under all circumstances or under some circumstances that have occurred and are continuing; and

A Person is “controlled” by another Person or other Persons if: (a) in the case of a company or other body corporate wherever or however incorporated: (i) securities entitled to vote in the election of directors carrying in the aggregate at least a majority of the votes for the election of directors and representing in the aggregate at least a majority of the participating (equity) securities are held, other than by way of security only, directly or indirectly, by or solely for the benefit of the other Person or Persons; and (ii) the votes carried in the aggregate by such securities are entitled, if exercised, to elect a majority of the board of directors of such company or other body corporate; or (b) in the case of a Person that is not a company or other body corporate, at least a majority of the participating (equity) and voting interests of such Person are held, directly or indirectly, by or solely for the benefit of the other Person or Persons; and “controls”, “controlling” and “under common control with” shall be interpreted accordingly.

The Founder Share will vote together with the Class B Restricted Voting Shares and the Class A Subordinate Voting Shares as a single class except as otherwise expressly provided in the Company’s restated articles of incorporation or as provided by law.

Subject to the CBCA, the Company may, at any time on or after the Sunset Date, redeem the Founder Share by payment of C$10 to the holder of the Founder Share, and the holder of the Founder Share will be entitled, at such holder’s option, to require the Company to redeem the Founder Share at any time upon payment by the Company of C$10 to the holder of the Founder Share. From and after redemption, the holder of the Founder Share shall not be entitled to exercise any rights with respect to the Founder Share.

In addition to the rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions attaching to the Founder Share, the Company entered into a founder agreement with the Founder and 7910240 Canada Inc., his affiliate, on the Effective Date (the “Founder Agreement”). Pursuant to the Founder Agreement, Mr. Lütke agreed not to Transfer (as such term is defined in the Founder Agreement), directly or indirectly, the Founder Share. Mr. Lütke and 7910240 Canada Inc. (and any additional affiliate who becomes a party to the Founder Agreement pursuant to its terms) also agreed not to Transfer any Class B Restricted Voting Shares if such Transfer would result in Mr. Lütke not retaining Voting Control over such shares, in which case such transferred Class B Restricted Voting Shares shall be caused to be converted into Class A Subordinate Voting Shares. The Founder Agreement also provides that Mr. Lütke and 7910240 Canada Inc. (and any additional affiliate who becomes a party to the Founder Agreement pursuant to its terms) are not entitled to receive, directly or indirectly, any economic premium, additional payment or collateral benefit in connection with certain transactions involving the elimination, consolidation or collapse of the Class B Restricted Voting Shares or the Founder Share.

Pursuant to the Founder Agreement, Mr. Lütke and 7910240 Canada Inc. (and any additional affiliate who becomes a party to the Founder Agreement pursuant to its terms) also agreed following the occurrence of a Sunset Event to convert or cause to be converted all outstanding Class B Restricted Voting Shares held by them into Class A Subordinate Voting Shares on or before the Sunset Date. As a result, in addition to the automatic and permanent reduction of the Founder Share to one vote on the Sunset Date, following a transition period after the occurrence of a Sunset Event, Mr. Lütke and 7910240 Canada Inc. (and any additional affiliate who becomes a party to the Founder Agreement pursuant to its terms) will, pursuant to the Founder Agreement, be required to convert any Class B Restricted Voting Shares held by them following a Sunset Event into Class A Subordinate Voting Shares on or before the Sunset Date.

We are authorized to issue an unlimited number of preferred shares issuable in series. Each series of preferred shares shall consist of such number of shares and having such rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions as may be determined by our Board of Directors prior to the issuance thereof. Holders of preferred shares, except as otherwise provided in the terms specific to a series of preferred shares or as required by law, will not be entitled to receive notice of, or attend (and vote) at meetings of holders of shares, and will not be entitled to vote separately as a class upon a proposal to amend our restated articles of incorporation in the case of an amendment of the kind referred to in paragraph (a), (b) or (e) of subsection 176(1) of the CBCA. With respect to the payment of dividends and distribution of assets in the event of liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, or any other distribution of its assets among its shareholders for the purpose of winding-up its affairs, the preferred shares are entitled to preference over the Class A Subordinate Voting Shares, Class B Restricted Voting Shares and any other shares ranking junior to the preferred shares and may also be given such other preferences over Class A Subordinate Voting Shares, Class B Restricted Voting Shares and any other shares ranking junior to the preferred shares as may be determined at the time of creation of such series.

As of the date of this Prospectus, the Company has no Debt Securities outstanding, other than 0.125% convertible senior notes due 2025. The Company may issue Debt Securities, separately or together, with Class A Subordinate Voting Shares, Preferred Shares, Warrants, Subscription Receipts or Units or any combination thereof, as the case may be. The Debt Securities will be issued under an indenture, dated as of September 18, 2020, as amended or supplemented (the “Indenture”), by and among the Company and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., as trustee, and Computershare Trust Company of Canada, as co-trustee. The Indenture is subject to and governed by the U.S. Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended. A copy of the Indenture has been filed with the SEC and with the security commissions or similar authorities in Canada. The description of certain provisions of the Indenture in this section do not purport to be complete and are subject to, and are qualified in their entirety by reference to, the provisions of the Indenture. Terms used in this summary that are not otherwise defined herein have the meaning ascribed to them in the Indenture. The particular terms relating to Debt Securities offered by a Prospectus Supplement will be described in the related Prospectus Supplement. This description may include, but may not be limited to, any of the following, if applicable:

If we denominate the purchase price of any of the Debt Securities in a currency or currencies other than U.S. dollars or a non-U.S. dollar unit or units, or if the principal of and any premium and interest on any Debt Securities is payable in a currency or currencies other than U.S. dollars or a non-U.S. dollar unit or units, we will provide investors with information on the restrictions, elections, general tax considerations, specific terms and other information with respect to that issue of Debt Securities and such non-U.S. dollar currency or currencies or non-U.S. dollar unit or units in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.

The terms on which a series of Debt Securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for Class A Subordinate Voting Shares or other securities of the Company will be described in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. These terms may include provisions as to whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder or at the option of the Company, and may include provisions pursuant to which the number of Class A Subordinate Voting Shares or other securities to be received by the holders of such series of Debt Securities would be subject to adjustment.

To the extent any Debt Securities are convertible into Class A Subordinate Voting Shares or other securities of the Company, prior to such conversion the holders of such Debt Securities will not have any of the rights of holders of the securities into which the Debt Securities are convertible, including the right to receive payments of dividends or the right to vote such underlying securities.

As of the date of this Prospectus, the Company has no Warrants outstanding. The Company may issue Warrants, separately or together, with Class A Subordinate Voting Shares, Preferred Shares, Debt Securities, Subscription Receipts or Units or any combination thereof, as the case may be. The Warrants would be issued under a separate Warrant agreement or indenture. The specific terms and provisions that will apply to any Warrants that may be offered by us pursuant to this Prospectus will be set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. This description will include, where applicable:

The terms and provisions of any Warrants offered under a Prospectus Supplement may differ from the terms described above and may not be subject to or contain any or all of the terms described above.

Prior to the exercise of any Warrants, holders of such Warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the securities purchasable upon such exercise, including the right to receive payments of dividends or the right to vote such underlying securities.

As of the date of this Prospectus, the Company has no Subscription Receipts outstanding. The Company may issue Subscription Receipts, separately or together, with Class A Subordinate Voting Shares, Preferred Shares, Debt Securities, Warrants, or Units or any combination thereof, as the case may be. The Subscription Receipts would be issued under an agreement or indenture. The specific terms and provisions that will apply to any Subscription Receipts that may be offered by us pursuant to this Prospectus will be set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. This description will include, where applicable:

The terms and provisions of any Subscription Receipts offered under a Prospectus Supplement may differ from the terms described above and may not be subject to or contain any or all of the terms described above.

Prior to the exchange of any Subscription Receipts, holders of such Subscription Receipts will not have any of the rights of holders of the securities for which the Subscription Receipts may be exchanged, including the right to receive payments of dividends or the right to vote such underlying securities.

As of the date of this Prospectus, the Company has no Units outstanding. The Company may issue Units, separately or together, with Class A Subordinate Voting Shares, Preferred Shares, Debt Securities, Warrants, or Subscription Receipts or any combination thereof, as the case may be. Each Unit would be issued so that the holder of the Unit is also the holder of each Security comprising the Unit. Thus, the holder of a Unit will have the rights and obligations of a holder of each applicable Security. The specific terms and provisions that will apply to any Units that may be offered by us pursuant to this Prospectus will be set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. This description will include, where applicable:

The terms and provisions of any Units offered under a Prospectus Supplement may differ from the terms described above and may not be subject to or contain any or all of the terms described above.

The applicable Prospectus Supplement will describe any material change, and the effect of such material change, on the share and loan capitalization of the Company since the date of the Company’s most recently filed financial statements, including, as required, any material change, and the effect of such material change, that will result from the issuance of Securities pursuant to such Prospectus Supplement.

The applicable Prospectus Supplement will provide, as required, the earnings coverage ratios with respect to the issuance of Securities pursuant to such Prospectus Supplement.

Prior sales of our Securities will be provided, as required, in a Prospectus Supplement with respect to the issuance of Securities pursuant to such Prospectus Supplement.

Trading price and volume of our Securities will be provided, as required, in each Prospectus Supplement to this Prospectus.

We may offer and sell Securities directly to one or more purchasers, through agents, or through underwriters or dealers designated by us from time to time. We may distribute the Securities from time to time in one or more transactions at a fixed price or prices (which may be changed from time to time), at market prices prevailing at the times of sale, at prices related to prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices. A description of such pricing will be disclosed in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. We may offer Securities in the same offering, or we may offer Securities in separate offerings.

This Prospectus may also, from time to time, relate to the offering of our Securities by certain selling securityholders. The selling securityholders may sell all or a portion of our Securities beneficially owned by them and offered thereby from time to time directly or through one or more underwriters, broker-dealers or agents. Our Securities may be sold by the selling securityholders in one or more transactions at fixed prices, at prevailing market prices at the time of the sale, at varying prices determined at the time of sale, or at negotiated prices.

A Prospectus Supplement will describe the terms of each specific offering of Securities, including (i) the terms of the Securities to which the Prospectus Supplement relates, including the type of Security being offered; (ii) the name or names of any agents, underwriters or dealers involved in such offering of Securities; (iii) the name or names of any selling securityholders; (iv) the purchase price of the Securities offered thereby and the proceeds to, and the portion of expenses borne by, the Company from the sale of such Securities; (v) any agents’ commission, underwriting discounts and other items constituting compensation payable to agents, underwriters or dealers; and (vi) any discounts or concessions allowed or re-allowed or paid to agents, underwriters or dealers.

If underwriters are used in an offering, the Securities offered thereby will be acquired by the underwriters for their own account and may be resold from time to time in one or more transactions at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. Securities may be either offered to the public through underwriting syndicates represented by managing underwriters or by underwriters without a syndicate. Only underwriters named in a Prospectus Supplement are deemed to be underwriters in connection with the Securities offered thereby. The obligations of the underwriters to purchase Securities will be subject to the conditions precedent agreed upon by the parties and the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all Securities under that offering if any are purchased. Any public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or re-allowed or paid to agents, underwriters or dealers may be changed from time to time.

The Securities may also be sold: (i) directly by the Company or the selling securityholders at such prices and upon such terms as agreed to; or (ii) through agents designated by the Company or the selling securityholders from time to time. Any agent involved in the offering and sale of the Securities in respect of which this Prospectus is delivered will be named, and any commissions payable by the Company and/or selling securityholder to such agent will be set forth, in the Prospectus Supplement. Unless otherwise indicated in the Prospectus Supplement, any agent is acting on a “best efforts” basis for the period of its appointment.

We and/or the selling securityholders may agree to pay the underwriters a commission for various services relating to the issue and sale of any Securities offered under any Prospectus Supplement. Agents, underwriters or dealers who participate in the distribution of the Securities may be entitled under agreements to be entered into with the Company and/or the selling securityholders to indemnification by the Company and/or the selling securityholders against certain liabilities, including liabilities under securities legislation, or to contribution with respect to payments which such underwriters, dealers or agents may be required to make in respect thereof.

Agents, underwriters or dealers may make sales of Securities in privately negotiated transactions and/or any other method permitted by law, including sales deemed to be an “at-the-market” offering as defined in and subject to limitations imposed by applicable Canadian securities laws which includes sales made directly on an existing trading market for the Class A Subordinate Voting Shares, or sales made to or through a market maker other than on an exchange. In connection with any offering of Securities, except with respect to “at-the-market” offerings, underwriters may over-allot or effect transactions which stabilize or maintain the market price of the offered Securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market. Such transactions may be commenced, interrupted or discontinued at any time. No underwriter or dealer involved in an “at-the-market” offering, as defined under applicable Canadian securities laws, no affiliate of such an underwriter or dealer and no person or company acting jointly or in concert with such an underwriter or dealer may enter into any transaction that

We may authorize agents or underwriters to solicit offers by eligible institutions to purchase Securities from us at the public offering price set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement under delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. The conditions to these contracts and the commissions payable for solicitation of these contracts will be set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.

Each class or series of Securities, other than the Class A Subordinate Voting Shares, that is not a secondary offering will be a new issue of Securities with no established trading market. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, the Preferred Shares, Debt Securities, Warrants, Subscription Receipts or Units will not be listed on any securities exchange. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, there is no market through which the Preferred Shares, Debt Securities, Warrants, Subscription Receipts or Units may be sold and purchasers may not be able to resell Preferred Shares, Debt Securities, Warrants, Subscription Receipts or Units purchased under this Prospectus or any Prospectus Supplement. This may affect the pricing of the Preferred Shares, Debt Securities, Warrants, Subscription Receipts or Units in the secondary market, the transparency and availability of trading prices, the liquidity of the securities, and the extent of issuer regulation. Subject to applicable laws, certain dealers may make a market in the Preferred Shares, Debt Securities, Warrants, Subscription Receipts or Units, as applicable, but will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. No assurance can be given that any dealer will make a market in the Preferred Shares, Debt Securities, Warrants, Subscription Receipts or Units or as to the liquidity of the trading market, if any, for the Preferred Shares, Debt Securities, Warrants, Subscription Receipts or Units.

The applicable Prospectus Supplement may describe certain Canadian federal income tax consequences to an investor acquiring any Securities offered thereunder. Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors prior to deciding to purchase any of the Securities.

The applicable Prospectus Supplement may describe certain U.S. federal income tax consequences to an investor acquiring any Securities offered thereunder. Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors prior to deciding to purchase any of the Securities.

Before making an investment decision, prospective purchasers of Securities should carefully consider the information described in this Prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein, including the applicable Prospectus Supplement. Additional risk factors relating to a specific offering of Securities will be described in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. Some of the risk factors described in the documents incorporated by reference herein and/or the applicable Prospectus Supplement are interrelated and, consequently, investors should treat such risk factors as a whole. If any event arising from these risks occurs, our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows, or your investment in the Securities could be materially adversely affected. Additional risks and uncertainties of which we currently are unaware or that are unknown or that we currently deem to be immaterial could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operation. We cannot assure you that we will successfully address any or all of these risks.

Unless otherwise specified in the Prospectus Supplement relating to the Securities, the issue and sale of the Securities will be passed upon on our behalf by Stikeman Elliott LLP as to legal matters relating to Canadian law and by Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP as to legal matters relating to U.S. law. The partners, counsel and associates of Stikeman Elliott LLP, as a group, beneficially own, directly or indirectly, less than one percent of any class of our securities.

The independent registered public accounting firm of the Company is PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Chartered Professional Accountants, Licensed Public Accountants, at its office in Ottawa, Ontario.

The transfer agent and registrar of our Class A Subordinate Voting Shares in the United States is Computershare Trust Company, N.A. at its principal office in Canton, Massachusetts, and in Canada is Computershare Investor Services Inc. at its principal office in Toronto, Ontario.

The following documents have been filed or furnished with the SEC as part of the Registration Statement of which this Prospectus forms a part: (i) the documents listed under the heading “Documents Incorporated by Reference”; (ii) powers of attorney from our directors and officers, as applicable; (iii) the consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP; (iv) the Indenture and (v) the statement of eligibility of Computershare Trust Company, N.A. on Form T-1. A copy of the form of warrant agreement or subscription receipt agreement, as applicable, will be filed by post-effective amendment or by incorporation by reference to documents filed or furnished with the SEC under the Exchange Act.

On December 6, 2021, the securities regulatory authorities in each of the provinces and territories of Canada each independently adopted a series of substantively harmonized blanket orders, including Ontario Instrument 44-501 – Exemption from Certain Prospectus Requirements for Well-known Seasoned Issuers (Interim Class Order) (together with the equivalent local blanket orders in each of the other provinces and territories of Canada, collectively, the “WKSI Blanket Orders”). The WKSI Blanket Orders were adopted to reduce regulatory burden for certain large, established reporting issuers with strong disclosure records associated with certain prospectus requirements under National Instrument 44-101 – Short Form Prospectus Distributions and National Instrument 44-102 – Shelf Distributions. The WKSI Blanket Orders came into force on January 4, 2022 and allow “well-known seasoned issuers”, or “WKSIs”, to file a final short form base shelf prospectus as the first public step in an offering, and exempt qualifying issuers from certain disclosure requirements relating to such final short form base shelf prospectus. As of the date hereof, the Company has determined that it qualifies as a “well-known seasoned issuer” under the WKSI Blanket Orders.

Under the Canada Business Corporations Act (the “CBCA”), we may indemnify our current or former directors or officers or another individual who acts or acted at our request as a director or officer, or an individual acting in a similar capacity, of another entity, against all costs, charges and expenses, including an amount paid to settle an action or satisfy a judgment, reasonably incurred by the individual in respect of any civil, criminal, administrative, investigative or other proceeding in which the individual is involved because of his or her association with us or another entity. The CBCA also provides that we may advance moneys to a director, officer or other individual for costs, charges and expenses reasonably incurred in connection with such a proceeding; provided that such individual shall repay the moneys if the individual does not fulfill the conditions described below.

Our by-laws require us to indemnify to the fullest extent permitted by the CBCA each of our current or former directors or officers and each individual who acts or acted at our request as a director or officer, or an individual acting in a similar capacity, of another entity, against all costs, charges and expenses, including, without limitation, an amount paid to settle an action or satisfy a judgment, reasonably incurred by the individual in respect of any civil, criminal, administrative, investigative or other proceeding in which the individual is involved because of his or her association with us or another entity.

Our by-laws authorize us to purchase and maintain insurance for the benefit of each of our current or former directors or officers and each person who acts or acted at our request as a director or officer, or an individual acting in a similar capacity, of another entity.

We have entered into indemnity agreements with our directors and certain officers which provide, among other things, that we will indemnify him or her to the fullest extent permitted by law from and against all liabilities, costs, charges and expenses incurred as a result of his or her actions in the exercise of his or her duties as a director or officer.

The Registrant undertakes to make available, in person or by telephone, representatives to respond to inquiries made by the Commission staff, and to furnish promptly, when requested to do so by the Commission staff, information relating to the securities registered pursuant to this Form F-10 or to transactions in such securities.

(a) Concurrently with the filing of this Registration Statement, the Registrant is filing with the Commission a written irrevocable consent and power of attorney on Form F-X.

(b) Any change to the name or address of the Registrant’s agent for service shall be communicated promptly to the Commission by amendment to Form F-X referencing the file number of this Registration Statement.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-10 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Ottawa, Province of Ontario, Canada, on November 12, 2024.

KNOW ALL MEN AND WOMEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each officer or director of Shopify Inc. whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Tobias Lütke, Jeff Hoffmeister, Jessica Hertz and Michael L. Johnson, and each of them, with full power to act without the other, his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full and several power of substitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments, including post effective amendments, and supplements to this Registration Statement on Form F-10, and registration statements filed pursuant to Rule 429 under the Securities Act, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as they or he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents or his or her or their substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this Registration Statement has been signed below by or on behalf of the following persons in the capacities indicated on November 12, 2024.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the undersigned certifies that it is the duly authorized United States representative of the Registrant and has duly caused this Registration Statement on Form F-10 to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Ottawa, Province of Ontario, Canada, on November 12, 2024.