JRSIS Health Care (JRSS) 10-K2023 FY Annual report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____________to____________

Commission file number: 0-56013

JRSIS HEALTH CARE CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Building 2, Youth Innovation and Entrepreneurship Park

Xiaoxiang Science and Technology Innovation Center

Yongzhou Economic and Technology Development Zone

Hunan Province 425000 P.R. China

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: +86-760-88963658

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Title of Each Class

Common Stock, $0.0001 par value

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐  No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐  No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule12 b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of the registrant’s voting common stock held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the closing price as of the last business day of the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023 was $5,629,521. 

(APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE REGISTRANTS)

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

As of the date of filing of this report, there were 82,594,105 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

None

NOTE REGARDING REVERSE STOCK SPLIT

On June 29, 2023, JRSIS Health Care Corporation implemented a one-for-ten reverse split of its common stock. To facilitate comparative analysis, all statements in this Report regarding numbers of shares of common stock and all references to prices of a share of common stock, if referencing events or circumstances occurring prior to June 29, 2023, have been modified to reflect the effect of the reverse stock split on a pro forma basis.

Table of Contents

PART I

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward Looking Statements

The discussion contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Any statements about our expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, assumptions or future events or performance are not historical facts and may be forward-looking. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases like “anticipate,” “estimate,” “plans,” “projects,” “continuing,” “ongoing,” “target,” “expects,” “management believes,” “we believe,” “we intend,” “we may,” “we will,” “we should,” “we seek,” “we plan,” the negative of those terms, and similar words or phrases. We base these forward-looking statements on our expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections about our business and the industry in which we operate as of the date of this Form 10-K. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that cannot be predicted, quantified or controlled and that could cause actual results to differ materially from those set forth in, contemplated by, or underlying the forward-looking statements. Statements in this Form 10-K describe factors, among others, that could contribute to or cause these differences. Actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, estimated, projected or expected should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect. Because the factors discussed in this Form 10-K could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statement made by us or on our behalf, you should not place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statement. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict which will arise. In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to publicly revise our forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that arise after the date of this Form 10-K.

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Identification of Consolidated Entities

JRSIS Health Care Corporation is a Florida corporation. The business reflected in the financial statements of JRSIS, however, are carried out in the People’s Republic of China (“China” or the “PRC”) by Yongzhou Jumi Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., an independent company, under the direction of Laidian Technology (Zhongshan) Co., Ltd. JRSIS Health Care Corporation owns 100% of the equity in Laidian Technology (Zhongshan) Co., Ltd. through two wholly owned subsidiaries: JRSIS Health Care Limited and Runteng Medical Group Company Limited.

In this Report, JRSIS Health Care Corporation, its subsidiaries and its consolidated entity are identified as follows:

Corporate Structure; Related Risks

Our present corporate structure is as follows:

Contractual Arrangements

Due in part to limitations under PRC law on foreign investment in value-added telecommunications services, we conduct substantially all of the operations in China reflected in our financial statements through contractual arrangements with Yongzhou Jumi, our consolidated variable interest entity (“VIE”), and its shareholders. We do not hold any equity interest in Yongzhou Jumi. We depend on Yongzhou Jumi to operate substantially all of the business reflected in our financial statements. We have entered into contractual arrangements with Yongzhou Jumi and its shareholders to implement the VIE structure. Among other things, the VIE contracts enable us to:

Set forth below is a summary of those contractual arrangements. This summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the relevant agreements, which have been incorporated by reference as exhibits to this Report.

Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement. Under the Exclusive Business Consulting Agreement between Laidian and Yongzhou Jumi, Laidian has the exclusive right to provide to Yongzhou Jumi marketing, management, consulting and other services related to its business operations. To fulfill its obligations, Laidian will provide to Yongzhou Jumi the management and marketing services of Zhuowei Zhong, who is the Chairman of Laidian. In compensation for the services provided by Laidian, Yongzhou Jumi will pay Laidian an annual fee equal to 85.53% of any net income that Yongzhou Jumi earns from its business while being managed by Zhuowei Zhong less any losses carried forward from prior years. The remaining 14.47% of the net income earned by Yongzhou Jumi will be distributed to Guangzhou Jumi for further distribution to an entity that owns 14.47% of Guangzhou Jumi and has not agreed to participate in the VIE arrangement (the “14.47% Unpledged Interest”). The Exclusive Business Consulting Agreement will remain in effect until terminated by the parties.

Equity Interest Pledge Agreement. Guangzhou Jumi which owns all of the registered equity in Yongzhou Jumi, has entered into an Equity Interest Pledge Agreement with Laidian. Pursuant to this agreement, Guangzhou JIE pledged all of its equity interest in Yongzhou Jumi, including the right to receive dividends, to Laidian to secure the performance of Yongzhou Jumi’s obligations under the Exclusive Business Consulting Agreement described above. If Yongzhou Jumi breaches relevant contractual obligations under this agreement, Laidian, as pledgee, will be entitled to certain rights, including the right to sell the pledged equity interests. Guangzhou Jumi has agreed not to transfer or create any new encumbrance on its equity interests without the prior written consent of Laidian. The Equity Interest Pledge Agreement shall terminate when Yongzhou Jumi has fully performed its obligations under the Exclusive Business Consulting Agreement.

Exclusive Option Agreement. Under the Exclusive Option Agreement among Laidian, Yongzhou Jumi and Guangzhou Jumi, Guangzhou Jumi irrevocably granted Laidian or its designated person(s) an exclusive option to purchase, when and to the extent permitted under PRC law, all or part of its equity interest in Yongzhou Jumi. The purchase price for the equity interest in Yongzhou Jumi shall be determined through consultation according to the appraisal value approved by the relevant authorities and shall be the minimum amount permissible under PRC law. The Exclusive Option Agreement will be valid until all of the equity interest in Yongzhou Jumi has been transferred to Laidian. The Exclusive Option Agreement provides, among other things, that without Laidian’s prior written consent:

Power of Attorney. Under the Power of Attorney, Guangzhou Jumi grants to Laidian the authority to exercise all of the powers given to Guangzhou Jumi as a shareholder of Yongzhou Jumi.

RISKS ARISING FROM THE VIE STRUCTURE.

JRSIS is a holding company organized in the State of Florida. It is not a Chinese operating company. The business described in this report is not carried out by JRSIS or by any of its subsidiaries but is carried out by a variable interest entity (“VIE”) located in China. It is likely that investors in JRSIS will never hold equity interests in the entity that conducts the business operations reflected in our financial statements. This structure imposes unique risks on investors in JRSIS. Greatest among the risks is the significant possibility that the Chinese government or its judiciary could decide that the VIE structure violates Chinese laws and policies and is, therefore, unenforceable. Such a decision would remove most of the value of JRSIS common stock. In particular, because China’s laws prevent foreign ownership of companies providing value-added telecommunications services in China, JRSIS could not assume direct ownership of Yongzhou Jumi and would be forced to either enter into a different business activity or dissolve. The likely result of a determination by the Chinese government that the VIE relationship between JRSIS and Yongzhou Jumi is illegal would be that JRSIS would have no source of revenue and would become, effectively, worthless.

We have no direct control over the VIE that conducts the business described in this report; our indirect control is based on a series of contracts. The enforceability of such contracts has not been tested in the courts of China. We adopted the VIE arrangement because Chinese law restricts foreign ownership of companies engaged in providing value-added telecommunications services, as is the VIE. For this reason, there is doubt as to whether Chinese regulatory authorities would consider our contracts with the VIE to be enforceable, and there is doubt as to whether Chinese courts would enforce our contracts with the VIE. If they did not, that refusal could cause the value of our common stock to significantly decline or be eliminated. See the discussion of the risks of the VIE arrangement in “Risk Factors: Risks Relating to the VIE Structure”.

RISKS ARISING FROM OUR HOLDING COMPANY STRUCTURE

We face various legal and operational risks and uncertainties related to having our operations in China. the PRC government has significant authority to regulate companies such as Laidian and Yongzhou Jumi that are organized in China. For example, we face risks associated with anti-monopoly regulatory actions, as well as oversight on cybersecurity and data privacy. In addition, the PRC government has significant oversight and discretion over the conduct of Yongzhou Jumi’s business and may intervene with or influence the operations of our business as the government deems appropriate to further regulatory, political and societal goals. The PRC government has recently published new policies that significantly affected certain industries such as the education and internet industries, and we cannot rule out the possibility that it will in the future release regulations or policies regarding Yongzhou Jumi’s industry that could adversely affect its business, financial condition and results of operations.

Moreover, the PRC government, by its authority over Laidian, has the ability to exert influence on the ability of JRSIS, to accept foreign investments or list on U.S. or other foreign exchanges. Such risks could result in a material change in our operations and/or the value of JRSIS common stock or could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer, or continue to offer, our common stock and/or other securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless. For example, on February 17, 2023, the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or CSRC, issued the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies, or the “Trial Measures”, which became effective on March 31, 2023. Pursuant to the Trial Measures, companies organized in China that seek to offer or list securities overseas, both directly or indirectly through a parent company or a VIE relationship, must fulfill a filing procedure and report relevant information to the CSRS. To date, we have not received any inquiry, notice, warning or sanctions from the CSRS or any other PRC governmental authorities relating to the listing of JRSIS common stock on the OTC Pink Market. As the Trial Measures are newly published and there is uncertainty with respect to the filing requirements and the implementation, if we are required to submit to the CSRS and complete the filing procedures in connection with any future securities offering by JRSIS, we cannot be sure that we will be able to complete such filings in a timely manner. Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with such filing requirements under the Trial Measures may result in forced corrections, warnings and fines against us and could materially hinder our ability to offer JRSIS securities.

In addition, changes in the legal, political and economic policies of the Chinese government, the relations between China and the United States, or Chinese or U.S. regulations may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Any such changes could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer JRSIS securities to investors and could cause the value of our securities to significantly decline or become worthless. For example, on December 28, 2021, the Cyberspace Administration of China (the “CAC”) jointly with the relevant authorities formally published Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2021) which took effect on February 15, 2022 and replaced the former Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2020). Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2021) stipulates that operators of critical information infrastructure purchasing network products and services and any online platform operator who controls more than one million users’ personal information must go through a cybersecurity review by the cybersecurity review office if it seeks to have its securities listed in a foreign country. Given that: (i) we do not possess personal information on more than one million users in our business operations; and (ii) data processed in our business does not have a bearing on national security and thus may not be classified as core or important data by the authorities, we do not believe an offering of securities by JRSIS would necessitate an application for a cybersecurity review under the Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2021). We have not, however, engaged PRC legal counsel to provide any opinion or assurance as to our understanding of the implications of the CSRS or CAC regulations for our future operations. Our statements in this report are based solely on our review of the regulations and publicly available analyses.

However, since these statements and regulatory actions by the PRC government authorities are newly published and the official guidance and related implementation rules have not been issued, it is highly uncertain what the potential impact such modified or new laws and regulations will have on operations of Laidian, its ability to accept foreign investments and the ability of JRSIS to maintain a listing in the U.S. without recrimination by the PRC authorities. If the CSRS, CAC or other regulatory agencies in the future promulgate laws, regulations or implementing rules requiring that we obtain their approvals for a security offering, there is no assurance that we can obtain the approval, authorizations, or complete required procedures or other requirements in a timely manner, or at all. in the event that Yongzhou Jumi (i) does not receive or maintain any requisite permissions or approvals, (ii) inadvertently concludes that such permissions or approvals are not required, or (iii) applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations change and Yongzhou Jumi is required to obtain such permissions or approvals in the future, Laidian or Yongzhou Jumi may be subject to sanctions imposed by the relevant PRC regulatory authority, including fines and penalties, revocation of the licenses and suspension of its business, restrictions or limitations on the ability of JRSIS to pay dividends outside of China, regulatory orders, including injunctions requiring Laidian or Yongzhou Jumi to cease business operation, litigation or adverse publicity, and other forms of sanctions, which may result in a material change in the operations of the affected company, significantly limit or completely hinder the ability of JRSIS to offer securities to investors, and the market price of JRSIS common stock may substantially decline or become worthless.

Prior Business Operations

JRSIS was incorporated on November 20, 2013 under the laws of the State of Florida. In December 2013, JRSIS acquired 100% of the equity in JRSIS-BVI, which is a privately held Limited Liability Company registered in “BVI on February 25, 2013. JRSIS-BVI owns 100% of the equity in Runteng Medical Group Co., Ltd (“Runteng”), a limited liability company registered in Hong Kong on September 17, 2012. Until March 31, 2022, Runteng owned 70% of the equity in Harbin Jiarun Hospital Co., Ltd (“Jiarun”). a for-profit hospital incorporated in Harbin City of Heilongjiang, China in February 2006. The remaining 30% equity in Jiarun was owned by Junsheng Zhang, who was the Chairman of the Board of JRSIS until April 28, 2022. Jiarun operates a private hospital serving patients on a municipal and county level and providing both Western and Chinese medical practices to the residents of Harbin.

On April 12, 2022, Runteng organized and acquired 100% of the equity in Laidian, a wholly foreign-owned enterprise (“WFOE”) subsidiary. JRSIS established Laidian to engage in the business of providing charging services to electric vehicles with its headquarters in Zhongshan City of Guangdong, China.

On April 28, 2022 JRSIS completed the spin-off of its subsidiary Jiarun. as Runteng transferred its 70% equity interest in Jiarun to Zhang Junsheng (the “Spin-Off”). In exchange for the 70% equity interest in Jiarun, Zhang Junsheng transferred 539,200 shares of JRSIS’ common stock to Runteng, which surrendered the shares to the JRSIS treasury.

On April 28, 2022 JRSIS completed the spin-off of its subsidiary Jiarun. On April 12, 2022, Runteng organized and acquired 100% of the equity in Laidian Technology (Zhongshan) Co., Ltd (“Laidian”), a wholly foreign-owned enterprise (“WFOE”) subsidiary. JRSIS established Laidian to engage in the business of providing charging services to electric vehicles with the headquarter in Zhongshan City of Guangdong, China.

On November 30, 2023 a closing was held with respect to the Agreement to Contract dated October 18, 2023 (the “Jumi Agreement”) among JRSIS, Laidian, Zhuowei Zhong, Yongzhou Jumi, Guangzhou Jumi, Linhai Zhu, Yulin Investment (Guangzhou) Partnership L.P., Jumi Intelligent Information Technology (Guangzhou) Partnership L.P. and Jumi Group Company, Ltd. (“Jumi GCL”). Pursuant to the Jumi Agreement, Laidian entered into the four VIE Agreements with Yongzhou Jumi and Guangzhou Jumi described above. In consideration of the agreement by the beneficial owners of Yongzhou Jumi other than the holder of the 14.47% Unpledged Interest to the adoption of the VIE Agreements by Yongzhou Jumi and Guangzhou Jumi, JRSIS issued to Jumi GCL 76,757,439 shares of its common stock. Jumi GCL is a holding company owned by Linhai Zhu, Yulin IGP and Jumi IIP, who are the beneficial owners of 85.53% of Guangzhou JIE.

In recognition of the significant prospects for growth of Yongzhou Jumi, if properly managed, Laidian terminated its involvement in the charging station industry at the end of 2023.

The Current Business

Yongzhou Jumi was organized in 2018 in Yongzhou City in the Hunan Province of China and is a subsidiary of Guangzhou Jumi. Yongzhou Jumi is engaged in the business of developing medical technology and producing equipment based on its technology. Yongzhou Jumi is best known for developing the first digital medicine vending machine. At present the Yongzhou Jumi factory has an annual production capacity of 20,000 intelligent terminals.

The core business of Yongzhou Jumi is the development and marketing of a multi-faceted smart environment for the retail distribution of pharmaceutical products by pharmacies, hospitals and online distributors. After extensive research and development activity, the technicians at Yongzhou Jumi have incorporated advanced IoT automation technology into a software platform that integrates with distribution equipment suitable for the retail environment to provide a state-of-the-art retail experience. The products are now focused on the pharmaceutical market but are promising for a broad range of applications.

The goal of our multi-year R&D program was to develop a smart pharmacy environment for hospitals and retail distributors alike, which would reduce patient waiting time, improve the accuracy of pharmaceutical dispensing, and provide automatic data analysis. The core product that emerged from that program, now marketed as the JM-YF-2000 Automatic Medicine Dispenser, offers intelligent prompts for high-speed but intuitively facile human-computer interaction to yield prompt dispensing of medications and batch refilling in an environment designed to assure user safety. The enterprise management software loaded on a JM-YF-2000 Dispenser provides practical solutions for any number of the endemic problems of pharmaceutical distribution:

Although the intuitive interface facilitates complete user control over the process of distributing pharmaceuticals via the JM-YF-2000, the extent of automation built into its processes assures a range of error-free services that encompass the entire distribution process. 24-hours per day the JM-YF-2000 is available to process requests for pharmaceuticals and distribute direct from the integrated dispensary over 90% of all approved pharmaceuticals. As medicine is delivered by a pharmacy employee to the machine, sensors identify each box, and a fully automatic inventory system refills medicines as needed. Inventory is automatically loaded in FIFO order, which aids in preserving the quality of the medicines. As orders are placed (by the customer or by the pharmacy employee), the Dispenser fills the orders at an outlet whose integrity is preserved by ultraviolet disinfection technology. As each sale is completed, a video record is created for quality control and future reference.

One popular application of the Yongzhou Jumi smart pharmacy is a stand-alone fully-automated pharmacy marketed by Yongzhou Jumi as the “Digital Solution”. A Digital Solution is an independent structure that is integrated into an existing building, such as a hospital emergency department or a transportation hub or office building. The Digital Solution has a drug storage capacity of 300 SKU per square meter of floor space, which provides customers 24 hour self-service access to both over-the-counter medicine and prescription medicine. A single employee delivers inventory to the Digital Solution, which is sorted by bar code, recorded, and restocked through a robotics network. AI analysis assures the safety of the chosen medicine for the individual patient, avoiding conflicting effects. Customer access is available on both an online and an in-person basis throughout the 24 hour day. The median time consumed from order through payment to delivery is approximately 30 seconds.

A full service medical solution can be achieved by locating a fully-automated Dispenser in combination with a JUMI AI Health Check-up Room 2.0 designed by Guangzhou Jumi, the parent company of Yongzhou Jumi. The Check-up Room uses facial recognition software to allow the patient access to the secure diagnosis room and draws on the patient’s insurance coverage by displaying a code loaded on the patient’s mobile phone. Within the Check-up Room, the patient has a choice of an automated video diagnosis or an online consultation in real-time with a physician. In either case, the physician or the automated service reviews the inventory in the associated automated pharmacy, and provides the patient a prescription. The software stored in the Check-Up Room checks the prescription against the patient’s medical records for contra-indications. If the prescription is determined safe, the patient then accesses the associated automated pharmacy to purchase the prescribed medicine.

The JUMI AI Health Check-up Room 2.0 (with the associated Yongzhou Jumi smart pharmacy) can be expanded into a Health Lodge, which are particularly useful in rural areas and communities where medical resources are limited. In addition to the remote diagnosis made available in a Check-up Room, a Health Lodge offers long-term health monitoring, including online diagnosis of cardiac function and blood pressure, remote monitoring, and the availability of second opinions.

Ultimately, the function of each of our products is to enable the pharmacist’s business to operate more efficiently and effectively. Toward that end, we incorporate in our Pharmacy Dispensers a breadth of management functions. The SaaS software sold by Yongzhou Jumi allows the pharmacist to define its inventory, determine appropriate shelf life, develop sales strategies, configure employee management accounts and configure the company’s collection accounts. The software extends to the pharmacist’s mobile phone, allowing remote management of the Dispenser, including alarms and diagnostic tools to enable remote handling of malfunctions.

Healthy Cities

During 2023, approximately one-third of the revenue realized by Yongzhou Jumi was derived from Yongzhou Jumi’s sales of hardware and software to various “Healthy City” projects underway throughout China. The goal of a Healthy City is to develop interfaces and protocols that will render medical information, drug information and other information significant to the functions of the medical institutions in the city to be transparent and interconnected. A Healthy City optimizes the health of its residents by reducing interference with the flow of medical information, individual or group, to enable fully-informed decisions to be made concerning the health of an individual patient or the overall health of a community.

Yongzhou Jumi participates in the Healthy Cities movement by developing software and hardware to facilitate digital transformation of medical information into a common language accessible to all participants in the City’s medical community.

Intellectual Property

Yongzhou Jumi owns a patent issued by the PRC on a coin-fed apparatus for dispensing discrete articles from non-movable magazines in which the articles are stored vertically above each other. The patented technology enables Dispensers manufactured by Yongzhou Jumi to maintain real time communication between the customer interface and the warehouse function on matters of inventory and customer input.

The design of Yongzhou Jumi products incorporates many of the principles and techniques associated with CAN Bus mobile communications technology. This enables the development process to be modular and cumulative. For example, if a module or cargo lane breaks, the affected function can be automatically shielded and will not affect the normal operation of other cargo lanes while the damaged component is repaired or replaced. We believe that the CAN Bus technology incorporated into our products is either our own intellectual property or is public access.

Marketing

To date, all sales by Yongzhou Jumi have been made in the PRC. Yongzhou Jumi hopes to expand its market through Southeast Asia during 2024 and 2025, then expand outward.

Yongzhou Jumi markets its products through a direct sales force and through sales agents. Each of the following sales agents was responsible for ten percent or more of Yongzhou Jumi’s revenue during 2023: Shanghai Yuhua, Guangzhou Yuandi, Ningbo Ningfan and Zhejiang Shiqi.

Intra-Company Transfer of Funds

The Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement between Laidian and Yongzhou Jumi provides that on a quarterly basis Yongzhou Jumi will pay to Laidian a fee equal to 85.54% of the net income of Yongzhou Jumi for the preceding quarter. However, the same agreement also says that the quarterly fee payable may be reduced to assure that Yongzhou Jumi has sufficient capital to implement its business plan. In reliance on that latter provision, Yongzhou Jumi has, to date, paid nothing to Laidian. The business plan of Yongzhou Jumi aims for a leading position in the Chinese market for smart Dispensers. Accomplishment of that goal will depend, in large part, on the availability of capital to finance growth. Our expectation, therefore, is that for the foreseeable future the net income generated by the operations of Yongzhou Jumi will be needed to fund the expansion of those operations. Payments of the fee mandated by the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement are, therefore, unlikely to occur during the next several years, as the fee obligation will be accrued as a debt from Yongzhou Jumi to Laidian. Only when the market for smart Dispensers has matured and only if Yongzhou Jumi is then enjoying cash reserves in excess of that useful for growth, will Yongzhou Jumi be likely to distribute earnings by settling its account payable to Laidian.

To date, no funds have been transferred from Yongzhou Jumi to Laidian or from Laidian to JRSIS or its subsidiary or its shareholders, nor has any attempt been made to affect such a transfer of funds. Because we and Yongzhou Jumi both expect that for the foreseeable future all funds available to Yongzhou Jumi will be used to fund the expansion of operations of Yongzhou Jumi, neither Yongzhou Jumi nor any of JRSIS or its subsidiaries has implemented any policies regarding transfer of funds between the VIE and JRSIS or its subsidiaries, including Laidian, its PRC subsidiary.

Even when circumstances would make it reasonable for Laidian to make distributions to JRSIS (via its subsidiaries), it is not certain that government regulations will permit Laidian to make such distributions. In general, the People’s Bank of China and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE, implement capital control measures that severely restrict the flow of cash into and out of China. The primary measures restricting inflow and outflow of cash are the restrictions on conversion of Renminbi into foreign currencies, such as the U.S. Dollar. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, payments of current account items, such as distributions of profits, interest payments, and trade and service-related transactions, can be made by a Chinese enterprise in foreign currencies without approval by SAFE, provided certain registration procedures are completed. Therefore, under current regulations, profits generated by the operations of Laidian could be distributed upstream to JRSIS, subject to the following limitations:

These and any other limitations on the ability of our PRC operating subsidiary to distribute dividends or other payments to its shareholder for transfer to JRSIS could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends or otherwise fund and conduct any business other than that carried on by Laidian.

JRSIS will be permitted under PRC laws and regulations to provide funding to Laidian only through loans or capital contributions, and only if it satisfies the applicable government registration and approval requirements. Any loans to Laidian will be subject to PRC regulations and foreign exchange loan registrations. For example, loans by JRSIS to Laidian cannot exceed statutory limits and must be registered with the local counterpart of the State Administration on Foreign Exchange (“SAFE”), or filed with SAFE in its information system. According to the Notice of the People’s Bank of China and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Adjustments to Comprehensive Macro-prudential Regulation Parameters for Cross-border Financing issued by the People’s Bank of China and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in March 2020, the limit for the total amount of foreign debt is 2.5 times its net assets. Moreover, any medium or long-term loan to be provided by us to Laidian must also be filed and registered with the NDRC. We may also decide to finance our PRC subsidiary by means of capital contributions. These capital contributions must be reported to the Ministry of Commerce, or MOFCOM, or its local counterpart. In addition, a foreign invested enterprise is required to use its capital pursuant to the principle of authenticity and self-use within its business scope.

PRC Laws and Regulations Requiring Laidian to Secure Government Approval

Each aspect of the business operations of Laidian and each aspect of the relationship of JRSIS and its subsidiary holding companies with Laidian is the subject of one or more regulations imposed by the government of the PRC or the PRC Provincial governments. The risks of non-compliance are several: we could be denied a necessary license or permission; we could inadvertently overlook the requirement to obtain a license or permission; we could obtain the necessary license or permission but fail to comply with the regulations governing the regulated activity; or the regulations could change in a way that interferes with our ability to carry out our business plan. Any of these situations could prevent us from carrying out our business plan and result in loss to our investors.

The consequences of failure or inability to conform our conduct to government policy will vary: the significance of the consequence will tend to reflect the level of concern that the government holds for the subject of the regulation. If we fail to comply with regulations regarding financial matters (securities offerings, cash flows, the corporate structure itself), the penalties could range from significant civil penalties (e.g. revocation of business licensee) to criminal penalties. Our business plan contemplates that we will use our access to U.S. capital markets to secure the capital we will need in order to expand Yongzhou Jumi’s position in the Chinese market for smart dispensers. If the CSRC or the CAC or any other government entity were to restrict our ability to finance Laidian or Yongzhou Jumi from the proceeds of security sales in the U.S., we would be forced to either secure an alternative source of funds (which could result in significant dilution of our existing shareholders) or to severely reduce the pace of our growth (which could doom our efforts at competitive strength).

We have tried to be scrupulous in ascertaining the obligations that Chinese government regulations impose on us. We have not, however, engaged PRC legal counsel to provide any opinion or assurance as to our understanding of the implications of the CRSC or CAC regulations for our future operations. Our statements in this report are based solely on our review of the regulations and publicly available analyses.

The following paragraphs classify the principal regulations with which we must comply by reference to the aspect of our business to which they apply:

Securities Offering by JRSIS. JRSIS has no immediate plan to make a security offering. In the future, however, JRSIS anticipates that it will offer its securities to the public in order to raise capital and fund the operations of Laidian and Yongzhou Jumi. At that time, Laidian will be required to comply with the permission requirements of the China Securities Regulatory Commission (the “CSRC”) and the Cyberspace Administration of China (the “CAC”) in order for JRSIS to sell securities in the U.S. or elsewhere.

On February 17, 2023, the CSRC promulgated the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies (the “Trial Administrative Measures”), which took effect on March 31, 2023. The Trial Administrative Measures mandate that an issuer will be required to go through the filing procedures under the Trial Administrative Measures if 50% or more of the issuer’s operating revenue, total profit, total assets or net assets as documented in its audited consolidated financial statements for the most recent accounting year is accounted for by PRC domestic companies and the main parts of the issuer’s business activities are conducted in mainland China, or its main places of business are located in mainland China, or the senior managers in charge of its business operation and management are mostly Chinese citizens or domiciled in mainland China. Accordingly, if and when JRSIS undertakes to make a public offering of its securities, Laidian will be required to file with CRSC such information as CRSC shall require. Since the filing processes are currently being developed, we cannot predict the difficulty of compliance or the extent to which compliance with CRSC regulations may hinder the ability of JRSIS to raise money in the capital markets.

Securities Listing by JRSIS. The common stock of JRSIS is currently quoted on the OTC Pink Market. JRSIS plans, at an undetermined future date when it is eligible, to apply for an “uplist” to the OTCQB, NASDAQ or an exchange.

On December 28, 2021 the CAC and 12 other Chinese government departments issued “New Measures for Cybersecurity Review.” According to Article 7 of the New Measures, network platform operators holding personal information of more than one million users are required to apply to the Network Security Review Office for a cybersecurity review before listing their securities in a foreign country. The cybersecurity reviewers will have broad discretion to determine whether the offshore listing may affect China’s national security. In the event that Yongzhou Jumi, in the course of implementing its plan to distribute SaaS software services to companies using its dispensary machines, accumulates personal information from more than one million users of its charging stations, it will be necessary for it to undergo the mandated security review before uplisting to an exchange. We cannot predict whether, at that time, a listing of JRSIS common stock on a U.S. exchange will be considered to pose a threat to China’s national security.

We have not engaged PRC legal counsel to provide any opinion or assurance as to our understanding of the implications of the CRSC or CAC regulations for our future operations. Our statements in this report are based solely on our review of the regulations and publicly available analyses.

Enforceability of Civil Liabilities

At present, JRSIS has only two members of its management team: Linhai Zhu and Zhuowei Zhong, each of whom is a member of the JRSIS Board of Directors and an executive officer of JRSIS. As our operations expand, we expect to increase the numbers of our managers, both directors and officers. It is likely, however, that all or most of our executives will also be residents of the PRC.

Shareholder claims that are common in the United States, including securities law class actions and fraud claims, generally are difficult to pursue as a matter of law or practicality in China. For example, in China, there are significant legal and other obstacles to obtaining information needed for shareholder investigations or litigation outside China or otherwise with respect to foreign entities. Although the local authorities in China may establish a regulatory cooperation mechanism with the securities regulatory authorities of another country or region to implement cross-border supervision and administration, such regulatory cooperation with the securities regulatory authorities in the Unities States has not been efficient in the absence of a mutual and practical cooperation mechanism.

Efforts by shareholders of JRSIS to obtain recourse against the management of JRSIS in U.S. courts will likely also be unavailing. It will be difficult for the shareholders of JRSIS to effect service of process upon members of our management who reside in China – in general, Chinese authorities will not assist in performing the service. In addition, China does not have treaties providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments of courts with the United States. In addition, according to the PRC Civil Procedures Law, courts in China will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violates the basic principles of PRC law or national sovereignty, security or public interest. Therefore, even if a shareholder were successful in obtaining judgment against an officer or director of JRSIS in a U.S. court, recognition and enforcement in China of judgments of a court in the U.S. in relation to any matter not subject to a binding arbitration provision may be difficult or impossible.

Taxes

Enterprise income tax is defined under the Provisional Regulations of PRC Concerning Income Tax on Enterprises promulgated by the PRC. Income tax is payable by enterprises at a rate of 25% of their taxable income.

Employees

The Company has 36 employees. All except Zhuowei Zhong are employed directly by Yongzhou Jumi; Mr. Zhong is employed by Laidian. Three of the employees are involved in administration, ten are technicians focused on research and development, five perform marketing services, and the remainder are factory personnel. None of our employees are represented by a labor union or similar collective bargaining organization.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.

An investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the following risk factors and other information in this 10K before deciding to invest in our Company. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be seriously harmed. As a result, the trading price of our common stock could decline and you could lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Related to Doing Business in China

The Company (i.e. JRSIS and its subsidiaries and VIE on a consolidated financial basis) has a single source of revenue: Yongzhou Jumi, a limited company organized and operating in the PRC. This arrangement imposes specific risks on investors in JRSIS:

Changes in China’s economic, political or social conditions or government policies could have a material adverse effect on our business and operations. The PRC government has recently indicated an intent to exert more oversight and control over overseas securities offerings and other capital markets activities and foreign investment in China-based companies like us. Any such action, once taken by the PRC government, could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or, in extreme cases, become worthless.

All of our assets and operations are located in China. Accordingly, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may be influenced to a significant degree by political, economic, and social conditions in China. The Chinese economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including the level of government involvement, level of development, growth rate, control of foreign exchange and allocation of resources. Although the Chinese government has implemented measures emphasizing the utilization of market forces for economic reform, the reduction of state ownership of productive assets, and the establishment of improved corporate governance in business enterprises, a substantial portion of productive assets in China is still owned by the government. In addition, the Chinese government continues to play a significant role in regulating the development of industry by imposing industrial policies.

The PRC government has significant authority to exert influence on the ability of a China-based company, such as Yongzhou Jumi, to conduct its business and accept foreign investments. Through exercise of its control over the China-based affiliate, the PRC government can also exercise significant control over the decision of an offshore holding company, such as JRSIS, to list its securities on an U.S. or other foreign exchanges. For example, JRSIS faces risks associated with regulatory approvals of securities offerings outside of China as well as oversight on cybersecurity and data privacy. Such risks or any actions by the PRC government to exert more oversight and control over offerings that are conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers could result in a material change in our operations and/or the value of our common stock or could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer our common stock and/or other securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.

The PRC government has significant authority, oversight and discretion over the conduct of our business and may intervene with or influence our operations as the government deems appropriate to further regulatory, political and societal goals. The PRC government has recently published new policies that significantly affected certain industries such as the education and internet industries, and we cannot rule out the possibility that it will in the future release regulations or policies regarding our industry that could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, the PRC government has recently indicated an intent to exert more oversight and control over overseas securities offerings and other capital markets activities and foreign investment in China-based companies like us. Any such action, once taken by the PRC government, could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or in extreme cases, become worthless.

Recently, the PRC government initiated a series of regulatory actions and statements to regulate business operations in China with little advance notice, including cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, enhancing supervision over China-based companies listed overseas using variable interest entity structure, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding the efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement. Currently, we believe that these statements and regulatory actions have had no impact on Yongzhou Jumi’s daily business operations, the ability of Yongzhou Jumi to accept foreign investments or the ability of JRSIS to list its securities on an U.S. or other foreign exchange. Nevertheless, since these statements and regulatory actions are new, it is highly uncertain how soon legislative or administrative regulation making bodies will respond and what existing or new laws or regulations or detailed implementations and interpretations will be modified or promulgated, if any, and the potential impact of such modified or new laws and regulations.

Because all of our operations are in China, our business is subject to the complex and rapidly evolving laws and regulations there. The Chinese government may exercise significant oversight and discretion over the conduct of our business and may intervene in or influence our operations at any time, which could result in a material change in Yongzhou Jumi’s operations and/or the value of JRSIS’ common stock.

As a business operating in China, Yongzhou Jumi is subject to the laws and regulations of the PRC, which can be complex and which evolve rapidly. The PRC government has the power to exercise significant oversight and discretion over the conduct of Yongzhou Jumi’s business, and the regulations to which Laidian and Yongzhou Jumi are subject may change rapidly and with little notice to JRSIS or its shareholders. As a result, the application, interpretation, and enforcement of new and existing laws and regulations in the PRC are often uncertain. In addition, these laws and regulations may be interpreted and applied inconsistently by different agencies or authorities, and inconsistently with Yongzhou Jumi’s current policies and practices. New laws, regulations, and other government directives in the PRC may also be costly to comply with, and such compliance or any associated inquiries or investigations or any other government actions may:

The promulgation of new laws or regulations, or the new interpretation of existing laws and regulations, that restrict or otherwise unfavorably impact the ability or manner in which Yongzhou Jumi conducts its business could require Yongzhou Jumi to change certain aspects of its business to ensure compliance, could decrease demand for Yongzhou Jumi’s products, reduce revenues, increase costs, require Yongzhou Jumi to obtain more licenses, permits, approvals or certificates, or subject Yongzhou Jumi to additional liabilities. To the extent any new or more stringent measures are required to be implemented, Yongzhou Jumi’s business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected, which could materially decrease the value of JRSIS common stock. 

We will require the approval of the CSRS before our common stock may become listed on the OTCQB, Nasdaq or any U.S. securities exchange. If we are unable to obtain CSRC’s approval, our ability to raise capital will be limited, which would likely limit the growth of our company.

We intend to fund the growth of our business in large part by raising capital in JRSIS through its sale of securities outside of the PRC. The capital markets in the U.S. that we might access for financing will depend in large part on our ability to secure a listing on Nasdaq, OTCQX or one of the registered securities exchanges. The Trial Administrative Measures adopted on March 31, 2023 require that at the time we apply to an exchange (which for this purpose will include Nasdaq, OTCQB or OTCQX), we must file an extensive application with the CSRC and await approval by CSRC of the listing. The CSRC has indicated an intent to use these applications in order to protect the PRC from foreign control of (or significant influence over) important Chinese businesses. We cannot determine what criteria the CSRC will apply for this purpose. The regulations, therefore, create for our investors a risk that our efforts to finance Yongzhou Jumi by selling JRSIS securities abroad will be restricted, delayed or eliminated by CSRC’s implementation of the listing requirements in the Trial Administrative Measures. That risk, if realized, could prevent us from expanding Yonzhou Jumi’s business, which could reduce or eliminate the value of JRSIS common stock purchased in this or subsequent offerings.

If JRSIS common stock becomes listed on the OTCQB or an exchange, we will be required to obtain the approval of the PRC government for a business combination, the issuance of our common stock, or maintaining our status as a publicly listed company outside China.

On February 17, 2023, the CSRC promulgated the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies (the “Trial Administrative Measures”), which took effect on March 31, 2023. On the same date, the CSRC published on CSRC’s official website Supporting Guidance Rules No. 1 through No. 5, Notes on the Trial Administrative Measures, Notice on Administration Arrangements for the Filing of Overseas Listings by Domestic Enterprises and relevant CSRC Answers to Reporter Questions or, collectively, the “Guidance Rules and Notice.” The Trial Administrative Measures, together with the Guidance Rules and Notice, mandate that issuers whose principal business activities occur in the PRC must, within three business days after filing with the offshore regulator an application for an offshore offering or listing of securities on an exchange, submit to CSRC an application for review. The Trial Administrative Measures apply to overseas securities offerings and/or listings conducted by companies incorporated in the PRC, PRC domestic companies, and companies incorporated overseas with operations primarily in the PRC, indirect offerings. The Trial Administrative Measures require (1) the filing of the overseas offering and listing plan by the PRC domestic companies with the CSRC under certain conditions, (2) the filing by the underwriter with the CSRC under certain conditions and (3) the submission of an annual report to the CSRC within the required timeline. The Trial Administrative Measures include: (1) criteria to determine whether an issuer will be required to go through the filing procedures under the Trial Administrative Measures; (2) exemptions from immediate filing requirements for issuers that have already been listed in foreign securities markets, including U.S. markets, prior to the effective date of the Trial Administrative Measures; (3) a negative list of types of issuers banned from listing or offering overseas, such as issuers whose affiliates have been recently convicted of bribery and corruption; (4) issuers’ compliance with web security, data security, and other national security laws and regulations; (5) issuers’ filing and reporting obligations, such as obligation to file with the CSRC after it submits an application for initial public offering to overseas regulators, and obligation after offering or listing overseas to file with the CSRC after it completes subsequent offerings and to report to the CSRC material events including change of control or voluntary or forced delisting of the issuer; and (6) the CSRC’s authority to fine both issuers and their relevant shareholders for failure to comply with the Trial Administrative Measures, including failure to comply with filing obligations or committing fraud and misrepresentation. Fines of up to 10 million RMB (approximately US$1.4 million) for non-compliance are authorized.

We plan to apply for listing on the OTCQB as soon as we are eligible; if accepted, we would then be subject to the requirements of the Trial Administrative Measures with respect to any future securities offerings made outside of China. As the Trial Administrative Measures are newly issued, there remain uncertainties regarding its interpretation and implementation. Therefore, we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete the filings for our future offerings and fully comply with the relevant new rules on a timely basis, if at all. In addition, we face uncertainty regarding the criteria that CSRS will apply when reviewing filings for approval, and cannot assure that the process will not cause a substantial reduction in our ability to raise capital in the U.S.

Regulations proposed by the Cyberspace Administration of China may require Laidian to apply for cybersecurity approval before JRSIS can list its securities on a U.S. exchange.

On July 10, 2021, the Cyberspace Administration of China (“CAC”) issued a revised draft of the Measures for Cybersecurity Review for public comments (“Draft Measures”), which required that, in addition to “operator of critical information infrastructure,” any “data processor” carrying out data processing activities that affect or may affect national security should also be subject to cybersecurity review, and further elaborated the factors to be considered when assessing the national security risks of the relevant activities, including, among others, (i) the risk of core data, important data or a large amount of personal information being stolen, leaked, destroyed, and illegally used or exited the country; and (ii) the risk of critical information infrastructure, core data, important data or a large amount of personal information being affected, controlled, or maliciously used by foreign governments after listing abroad. The Cyberspace Administration of China has said that, under the proposed rules, companies holding data on more than 1,000,000 users must now apply for cybersecurity approval when seeking listings in other nations because of the risk that such data and personal information could be “affected, controlled, and maliciously exploited by foreign governments,” The cybersecurity review will also investigate the potential national security risks from overseas IPOs. We do not know what regulations will be adopted or how such regulations will affect us and the quotation of our securities on the OTC Markets. In the event that the Cyberspace Administration of China determines that we are subject to these regulations, quotation of our securities on the OTC Markets may be prohibited and we may be subject to fines and penalties.

We believe that we will not be subject to the cybersecurity review by the CAC for this offering, given that: (i) we are not an “operator of critical information infrastructure” or a “data processor” carrying out data processing activities that affect or may affect national security; (ii) we do not possess a large amount of personal information in our business operations; and (iii) data processed in our business does not have a bearing on national security and thus may not be classified as core or important data by the authorities. However, there remains uncertainty as to how the 2021 Measures will be interpreted or implemented and whether the PRC regulatory agencies, including the CAC, may adopt new laws, regulations, rules, or detailed implementation and interpretation related to the 2021 Measures. If any such new laws, regulations, rules, or implementation and interpretation comes into effect, we will take all reasonable measures and actions to comply and to minimize the adverse effect of such laws on us.

SAFE regulations relating to offshore investment activities by PRC residents may increase our administrative burdens and restrict our overseas and cross-border investment activity. If our shareholders and beneficial owners who are PRC residents fail to make any required applications, registrations, and filings under such regulations, we may be unable to distribute profits and may become subject to liability under PRC laws.

China’s State Administration of Foreign Exchange (“SAFE”) has promulgated several regulations, including Notice on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Administration for PRC Residents to Engage in Financing and Inbound Investment via Oversea Special Purpose Vehicles, or “Circular No. 75,” issued on October 21, 2005 and effective as of November 1, 2005 and certain implementation rules issued in subsequent years, requiring registrations with, and approvals from, PRC government authorities in connection with direct or indirect offshore investment activities by PRC residents and PRC corporate entities. These regulations apply to our shareholders and beneficial owners who are PRC residents, and may affect any offshore acquisitions that we make in the future.

SAFE Circular No. 75 requires PRC residents, including both PRC legal person residents and/or natural person residents to register with the local SAFE branch before establishing or controlling any company outside of China for the purpose of equity financing with assets or equities of PRC companies, referred to in the notice as an “offshore special purpose company.” In addition, any PRC resident who is a direct or indirect shareholder of an offshore company is required to update his registration with the relevant SAFE branches, with respect to that offshore company, in connection with any material change involving an increase or decrease of capital, transfer or swap of shares, merger, division, equity or debt investment or creation of any security interest. Moreover, the PRC subsidiaries of that offshore company are required to coordinate and supervise the filing of SAFE registrations by the offshore company’s shareholders who are PRC residents in a timely manner. If a PRC shareholder with a direct or indirect stake in an offshore parent company fails to make the required SAFE registration, the PRC subsidiaries of such offshore parent company may be prohibited from making distributions of profit to the offshore parent and from paying the offshore parent proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation in respect of the PRC subsidiaries, and the offshore parent company may also be prohibited from injecting additional capital into its PRC subsidiaries. Furthermore, failure to comply with the various SAFE registration requirements described above may result in liability for the PRC shareholders and the PRC subsidiaries under PRC law for foreign exchange registration evasion.

Although we have requested our PRC shareholders to complete the SAFE Circular No. 75 registration, we cannot be certain that all of our PRC resident beneficial owners will comply with the SAFE regulations. The failure or inability of our PRC shareholders to receive any required approvals or make any required registrations may subject us to fines and legal sanctions, restrict our overseas or cross-border investment activities, prevent us from making capital injection into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make distributions or pay dividends or affect our ownership structure, as a result of which our acquisition strategy and business operations and our ability to distribute profits to you could be materially and adversely affected.

Changes in current policies of the PRC government could have a significant impact upon the business we conduct in the PRC and the profitability of our operations.

Current policies adopted by the PRC government indicate that it seeks to encourage a market-oriented economy. We believe that the PRC government will continue to develop policies that strengthen its economic and trading relationships with foreign countries and as a consequence, business development in the PRC will follow current market forces. While we believe that this trend will continue, we cannot assure you that such beneficial policies will not change in the future. A change in the current policies of the PRC government could result in confiscatory taxation, restrictions on currency conversion, or the expropriation or nationalization of private enterprises, all of which would have a negative impact on our current corporate structure and our operations. The PRC laws and regulations governing our current business operations are sometimes vague and uncertain. Any changes in such PRC laws and regulations may have a material and adverse effect on our business.

There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, those laws and regulations governing our business and those relating to the enforcement and operation of our contractual arrangements. At this time, we believe that the relevant PRC laws and regulations validate our current contractual arrangements and that our corporate structure is in keeping with such laws. However, no assurance can be given that PRC court rulings to be decided in the future will be consistent with our current interpretations. Further, new laws or regulations may be enacted which could have a negative impact on foreign investors. We cannot predict what effect the interpretation of existing or new PRC laws or regulations may have on our business and no assurance can be given that our operations will not be affected by such laws and/or regulations.

Although the audit report included in this Report was issued by U.S. auditors who are currently inspected by the PCAOB, if it is later determined that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate our auditor completely, investors would be deprived of the benefits of such inspection and our common stock may be delisted or prohibited from trading.

The audit report included in this Report was issued by HHC, a U.S.-based accounting firm that is registered with the PCAOB and can be inspected by the PCAOB. We have no present intention of dismissing HHC in the future or of engaging any auditor not based in the U.S. and not subject to regular inspection by the PCAOB. As an auditor of companies that are registered with the SEC and publicly traded in the United States and a firm registered with the PCAOB, our auditor is required under the laws of the United States to undergo regular inspections by the PCAOB to assess its compliance with the laws of the United States and professional standards.

There have been recent deliberations within the U.S. government regarding limiting or restricting China-based companies from accessing U.S. capital markets. On December 18, 2020, the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (the “HFCAA”) was signed into law. The HFCAA includes requirements for the SEC to identify issuers whose audit work is performed by auditors that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of a restriction imposed by a non-U.S. authority in the auditor’s local jurisdiction. Additionally, in July 2020, the U.S. President’s Working Group on Financial Markets issued recommendations for actions that can be taken by the executive branch, the SEC, the PCAOB or other federal agencies and department with respect to Chinese companies listed on U.S. stock exchanges and their audit firms, in an effort to protect investors in the United States. In response, on November 23, 2020, the SEC issued guidance highlighting certain risks (and their implications to U.S. investors) associated with investments in China-based issuers and summarizing enhanced disclosures the SEC recommends China-based issuers make regarding such risks. On December 2, 2021, the SEC adopted final rules relating to the implementation of certain disclosure and documentation requirements of the HFCAA. The SEC is assessing how to implement the requirements of the HFCAA, including the listing and trading prohibition requirements described above. Under the HFCAA, our securities may be prohibited from trading on Nasdaq or U.S. stock exchanges if our auditor is not inspected by the PCAOB for three consecutive years, and this ultimately could result in our common stock being delisted. Furthermore, on June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (“AHFCAA”), which amends the HFCAA and requires the SEC to prohibit an issuer’s securities from trading on any U.S. stock exchanges if its auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspections for two consecutive years instead of three. On September 22, 2021, the PCAOB adopted a final rule implementing the HFCAA, which provides a framework for the PCAOB to use when determining, as contemplated under the HFCAA, whether the Board is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms located in a foreign jurisdiction because of a position taken by one or more authorities in that jurisdiction. On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued a Determination Report which found that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in: (1) mainland China of the People’s Republic of China, because of a position taken by one or more authorities in mainland China; and (2) Hong Kong, a Special Administrative Region and dependency of the PRC, because of a position taken by one or more authorities in Hong Kong.

Should the PCAOB be unable to conduct an inspection of our auditor’s work papers in China, it will make it difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of our auditor’s audit procedures or equity control procedures. Investors may consequently lose confidence in our reported financial information and procedures or quality of the financial statements, which would adversely affect us and our securities. In addition, by reason of the regulations described above, our common stock could be delisted or excluded from trading on any U.S. platform.

We may be restricted from freely converting the Renminbi to other currencies in a timely manner.

At the present time, the RMB is not a freely convertible currency. We receive all of our revenue in RMB, which may need to be converted to other currencies, primarily U.S. dollars, in order to be remitted outside of the PRC. Foreign currency “current account” transactions by foreign investment enterprises require a ministerial review, according to the Administration of the Settlement, Sale and Payment of Foreign Exchange Provisions promulgated in 1996 (the “FX regulations”). “Current account” items include international commercial transactions, which occur on a regular basis, such as those relating to trade and provision of services. Distributions to joint venture parties also are considered “current account transactions.” Other non-current account items, known as “capital account” items, remain subject to SAFE approval. Under current regulations, we can obtain foreign currency in exchange for RMB from swap centers authorized by the government. We do not anticipate problems in obtaining foreign currency to satisfy our requirements; however, no assurance can be given that foreign currency shortages or changes in currency exchange laws and regulations by the PRC government will not restrict us from freely converting RMB in a timely manner.

Fluctuations in the exchange rate could have an adverse effect upon our business and reported financial results.

We conduct our business in Renminbi (“RMB”), thus our functional currency is the RMB, while our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, the political situation as well as economic policies and conditions. There remains significant international pressure on the significant appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar. Since our future revenues will be denominated in currencies other than the United States dollar, we will be subject to increased risks relating to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results since operating results are reported in United States dollars and significant changes in the exchange rate could materially impact our reported earnings.

Risks Related to the VIE Structure

We rely on contractual arrangements with Yongzhou Jumi and Guangzhou Jumi to exercise control over the operations of Yongzhou Jumi, which may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing operational control.

We have relied and expect to continue to rely on contractual arrangements with Yongzhou Jumi and Guangzhou Jumi to conduct operations through the VIE in China. These contractual arrangements, however, may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing us with control over Yongzhou Jumi. For example, Yongzhou Jumi and Guangzhou Jumi could breach their contractual arrangements with us by, among other things, failing to conduct the operations of Yongzhou Jumi in an acceptable manner or taking other actions that are detrimental to our interests.

If we had direct ownership of Yongzhou Jumi, we would be able to exercise our rights as a shareholder to effect changes in the board of directors of Yongzhou Jumi, which in turn could implement changes, subject to any applicable fiduciary obligations, at the management and operational level. However, under the current contractual arrangements, we rely on the performance by Yongzhou Jumi and Guangzhou Jumi of their obligations under the contracts to exercise control over Yongzhou Jumi. If any dispute relating to these contracts remains unresolved, we will have to enforce our rights under these contracts through the operations of PRC law and arbitration, litigation and other legal proceedings and therefore will be subject to uncertainties in the PRC legal system.

Neither the Government of the PRC nor the Chinese legal system has ever formally acknowledged the legality of using a VIE-type contractual arrangement where direct ownership of a Chinese entity is forbidden. If the government determines that the VIE contracts are illegal or unenforceable, our Common stock may become worthless.

Foreign ownership of value-added telecommunications services, such as those provided by Yongzhou Jumi, is restricted by the laws of the PRC. Primarily for this reason, our Company does not directly engage in the business of providing SaaS services for pharmacies, but instead has entered into a series of contracts with Yongzhou Jumi that are intended to provide our Company with control over the operations of Yongzhou Jumi and the right to receive the net profits realized by Yongzhou Jumi. These contracts are customarily identified as “VIE Agreements”, as they are designed to cause the operating company to be treated under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles as a “variable interest entity”, whose profits and losses can be consolidated with those of its contractual counterpart.

One significant risk of this structure is that the Chinese government has never expressly acknowledged it as a way to legally navigate the country’s investment restrictions.  The Chinese government could determine at any time and without notice that the underlying contractual arrangements on which our control of Yongzhou Jumi is based do not comply with PRC regulations, or PRC regulations could change or be interpreted differently in the future so as to render the VIE agreements unenforceable.  Any such determination from the Chinese government would cancel our legal entitlement to control the operations of Yongzhou Jumi. Because our right to consolidate the financial results of Yongzhou Jumi in our financial reports depends on our contractual control over Yongzhou Jumi, the elimination of that control would force us to deconsolidate, leaving JRSIS with no reportable operating results and limited equity. In that event, it would be likely that all or most of the value of your investment in JRSIS would be eliminated.

All or most of the value of an investment in JRSIS depends on the enforceability of the VIE Agreements between Laidian and Yongzhou Jumi. A breach of any of the VIE Agreements between Laidian and Yongzhou Jumi (or its officers, directors, or Chinese equity owners) will be subject to Chinese law and jurisdiction.  We cannot assume that the Chinese legal system would enforce the VIE Agreements. If judicial or regulatory determinations are made in China that contractual relationships such as ours with the VIE are unenforceable under Chinese law, we would be unable to assert contractual control over Yongzhou Jumi and/or, perhaps, Laidian, the entities that carry on all of the operations described in this Report. In that event, it will be likely that the value of any Common stock of JRSIS that you may own will significantly diminish or be eliminated.

Although we cannot predict with certainty the results that would occur if the Chinese government or its judiciary determined that VIE relationships such as ours are illegal, it does appear likely that the relationship between JRSIS and Yongzhou Jumi would end. Because foreign ownership of companies providing value-added telecommunications services in China is barred by Chinese regulations, we would not be able to replace the VIE relationship with direct ownership of Yongzhou Jumi by JRSIS. JRSIS would, therefore, be left with the choice of entering into a different business activity or terminating its business operations and dissolving. Dissolution under those circumstances would likely cause investors in JRSIS to lose most or all of their investment.

Substantial uncertainties exist with respect to the interpretation and implementation of the newly enacted Foreign Investment Law and how it may impact the viability of our current corporate structure, corporate governance and operations.

The value-added telecommunications services that the VIE conducts are subject to foreign investment restrictions set forth in the Special Management Measures (Negative List) for the Access of Foreign Investment issued by the MOFCOM, and the National Development and Reform Commission, or the NDRC, effective July 2020.

On March 15, 2019, the National People’s Congress promulgated the Foreign Investment Law, or the Foreign Investment Law (2019), which became effective on January 1, 2020 and replaced the Sino-Foreign Equity Joint Venture Enterprise Law, the Sino-Foreign Cooperative Joint Venture Enterprise Law and the Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprise Law to become the legal foundation for foreign investment in the PRC. Since it is relatively new, uncertainties still exist in relation to its interpretation and implementation. For instance, under the Foreign Investment Law (2019), “foreign investment” refers to the investment activities directly or indirectly conducted by foreign individuals, enterprises or other entities in China. Though it does not explicitly classify contractual arrangements as a form of foreign investment, there is no assurance that foreign investment via contractual arrangements would not be interpreted as a type of indirect foreign investment activity in the future. In addition, the definition of foreign investment contains a catch-all provision which includes investments made by foreign investors through means stipulated in laws, administrative regulations or provisions of the State Council. Therefore, it still leaves leeway for future laws, administrative regulations or provisions promulgated by the State Council to provide for contractual arrangements as a form of foreign investment. In any of these cases, it will be uncertain whether our contractual arrangements will be deemed to be in violation of the market access requirements for foreign investment under the PRC laws and regulations. If further actions must be taken under future laws, administrative regulations or provisions of the State Council, we may face substantial uncertainties as to whether we can complete such actions. Failure to do so could materially and adversely affect our current corporate structure, corporate governance and operations.

The contractual arrangements we have entered into with Yongzhou Jumi may be subject to scrutiny by the PRC tax authorities. A finding that we owe additional taxes could negatively affect our financial condition and the value of your investment.

Under applicable PRC laws and regulations, arrangements and transactions among related parties may be subject to audit or challenge by the PRC tax authorities. We could face material and adverse tax consequences if the PRC tax authorities determine that the contractual arrangements in relation to Yongzhou Jumi were not entered into on an arm’s-length basis in such a way as to result in an impermissible reduction in taxes under applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations, and therefore adjust the income of Yongzhou Jumi in the form of a transfer pricing adjustment. A transfer pricing adjustment could, among other things, result in a reduction of expense deductions recorded by Yongzhou Jumi for PRC tax purposes, which could in turn increase its tax liabilities without reducing the PRC tax expenses of Laidian. In addition, the PRC tax authorities may impose late payment fees and other administrative sanctions on Yongzhou Jumi for the adjusted but unpaid taxes according to the applicable regulations. Our financial position could be materially and adversely affected if Yongzhou Jumi’s tax liabilities increase or if they are required to pay late payment fees and other penalties.

Risks Related to Our Business

If we are unable to hire, retain or motivate qualified personnel, consultants, and advisors, we may not be able to grow effectively.

At the present time, we have only two individuals responsible for management of our public company. Our ability to grow as a public company will be largely dependent on our ability to recruit highly skilled individuals. Future success depends on our continuing ability to identify, hire, develop, motivate and retain highly qualified personnel for all areas of our organization. Competition for such qualified employees is intense. If we do not succeed in attracting excellent personnel or in retaining or motivating them, we may be unable to grow effectively. In addition, all future success depends largely on our ability to retain key consultants and advisors. We cannot assure that any skilled individuals will agree to become an employee or consultant for Laidian or Yongzhou Jumi. Our inability to retain their services could negatively impact our business and our ability to execute our business strategy.

We may not be able to obtain additional funding to meet our requirements.

Our ability to expand the market for our smart dispensers depends upon our ability to obtain financing through equity financing, debt financing (including credit facilities) or the sale or syndication of some or all of our interests in certain projects or other assets. If our access to existing credit facilities is not available, and if other funding does not become available, there could be a material adverse effect on our business.

Our success depends on our personnel. Loss of key personnel may adversely affect our business.

Our success depends to a significant extent on the performance of our management personnel. In particular, we will depend on the services of Linhai Zhu, Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. The loss of the services of Linhai Zhu could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, operating results and financial condition.

Risks Relating to Our Common Stock

Because we are subject to “penny stock” rules, the level of trading activity in our stock may be reduced.

Broker-dealer practices in connection with transactions in “penny stocks” are regulated by penny stock rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Penny stocks generally are equity securities with a price of less than $5.00 (other than securities registered on some national securities exchanges). The penny stock rules require a broker-dealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document that provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks in the penny stock market. The broker-dealer also must provide the customer with current bid and offer quotations for the penny stock, the compensation of the broker-dealer and its salesperson in the transaction, and, if the broker-dealer is the sole market maker, the broker-dealer must disclose this fact and the broker-dealer’s presumed control over the market, and monthly account statements showing the market value of each penny stock held in the customer’s account. In addition, broker-dealers who sell these securities to persons other than established customers and “accredited investors” must make a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and receive the purchaser’s written agreement to the transaction. Consequently, these requirements may have the effect of reducing the level of trading activity, if any, in the secondary market for a security subject to the penny stock rules. If a trading market does develop for our common stock, these regulations will likely be applicable, and investors in our common stock may find it difficult to sell their shares.

FINRA sales practice requirements may limit a stockholder’s ability to buy and sell our stock.

FINRA has adopted rules that require that in recommending an investment to a customer, a broker-dealer must have reasonable grounds for believing that the investment is suitable for that customer. Prior to recommending speculative low-priced securities to their non-institutional customers, broker-dealers must make reasonable efforts to obtain information about the customer’s financial status, tax status, investment objectives and other information. Under interpretations of these rules, FINRA believes that there is a high probability that speculative low-priced securities will not be suitable for at least some customers. FINRA requirements make it more difficult for broker-dealers to recommend that their customers buy our common stock, which may have the effect of reducing the level of trading activity in our common stock. As a result, fewer broker-dealers may be willing to make a market in our common stock, reducing a stockholder’s ability to resell shares of our common stock.

Our insiders beneficially own a significant portion of our stock, and accordingly, may have control over stockholder matters, the Company’s business and management.

As of the date on which this Report is being filed, Jumi Group Company, Ltd., which is controlled by our Chairman, Linhai Zhu, owns 92.9% of JRSIS’s outstanding common stock. As a result, Mr. Zhu will have the power to:

Moreover, because of the significant ownership position held by our insiders, new investors will not be able to effect a change in the Company’s business or management, and therefore, shareholders would be subject to decisions made by management and the majority shareholder.

In addition, sales of significant amounts of shares held by our directors and executive officers, or the prospect of these sales, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock. Management’s stock ownership may discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us, which in turn could reduce our stock price or prevent our stockholders from realizing a premium over our stock price.

The sale of securities by us in any equity or debt financing could result in dilution to our existing stockholders and have a material adverse effect on our earnings.

Our Board of Directors is authorized to issue up to 100,000,000 shares of common stock, of which 82,594,098 shares are issued and outstanding. Our Board of Directors has the authority to cause us to issue additional shares of common stock without consent of any of our stockholders. Any sale of common stock by us in a future private placement offering could result in dilution to the existing stockholders as a direct result of our issuance of additional shares of our capital stock. In addition, our business strategy may include expansion through internal growth by acquiring complementary businesses, acquiring, or licensing additional brands, or establishing strategic relationships with targeted customers and suppliers. In order to do so, or to finance the cost of our other activities, we may issue additional equity securities that could dilute our stockholders’ stock ownership. We may also assume additional debt and incur impairment losses related to goodwill and other tangible assets, and this could negatively impact our earnings and results of operations.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or if they downgrade their recommendations regarding our common stock, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our common stock may be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us or our business. If any of the analysts who cover us downgrade our common stock, our common stock price would likely decline. If analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our common stock price or trading volume to decline.

If we continue to fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, we might not be able to report our financial results accurately or prevent fraud; in that case, our stockholders could lose confidence in our financial reporting, which could negatively impact the price of our stock.

Effective internal controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and prevent fraud. In addition, Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, requires us to evaluate and report on our internal control over financial reporting for all our current operations. The process of implementing our internal controls and complying with Section 404 will be expensive and time - consuming and will require significant attention of management. We cannot be certain that these measures will ensure that we implement and maintain adequate controls over our financial processes and reporting in the future. Even if we conclude, and our independent registered public accounting firm concurs, that our internal control over financial reporting provides reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect fraud or misstatements. Failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation, could harm our operating results or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations. If we or our independent registered public accounting firm discover a material weakness or a significant deficiency in our internal control, the disclosure of that fact, even if quickly remedied, could reduce the market’s confidence in our financial statements and harm our stock price. In addition, a delay in compliance with Section 404 could subject us to a variety of administrative sanctions, including ineligibility for short form resale registration, action by the Securities and Exchange Commission, and the inability of registered broker-dealers to make a market in our common stock, which could further reduce our stock price and harm our business.

Because we do not intend to pay any dividends on our common stock in the near future, holders of our common stock must rely on stock appreciation for any return on their investment.

There are no restrictions in our Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws that prevent us from declaring dividends. The Florida Revised Statutes, however, do prohibit us from declaring dividends where, after giving effect to the distribution of the dividend we would not be able to pay our debts as they become due in the usual course of business; or our total assets would be less than the sum of our total liabilities plus the amount that would be needed to satisfy the rights of shareholders who have preferential rights superior to those receiving the distribution. We do not anticipate paying dividends for the foreseeable future, but will invest our cash resources in the growth of Laidian. Accordingly, holders of our common stock will have to rely on capital appreciation, if any, to earn a return on their investment in our common stock.

As a result of these and other factors, our operating results may not meet the expectations of investors or public market analysts who choose to follow our company. Our failure to meet market expectations would likely result in decreases in the trading price of our common stock.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

Not applicable.

Item 2. Properties.

Yongzhou Jumi is located in a combined office and factory space located in the Xiaoxiang Science and Technology Innovation Center in Hunan Province, PRC. Yongzhou Jumi leases the space for RMB 46,323 ($6,434) per month, under a renewable one year lease. The location provides 45,000 square meters of factory space and 3,285 square meters of office space. The factory is adequate to produce 20,000 vending machines per year. Since Yongzhou Jumi sold approximately 1,000 machines during 2023 (as well as software with or without machines), Management believes the location will be adequate for the operations of Yongzhou Jumi for the next several years.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

We are currently not involved in any litigation that we believe could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. There is no action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation before or by any court, public board, government agency, self-regulatory organization or body pending or, to the knowledge of the executive officers of our company or any of our subsidiaries, threatened against or affecting our company, our common stock, any of our subsidiaries or of our companies or our subsidiaries’ officers or directors in their capacities as such, in which an adverse decision could have a material adverse effect.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosure

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Market Information

JRSIS’s common stock is quoted on the OTC Pink Market under the symbol “JRSS”. The quotations reported on the OTC Pink Market reflect inter-dealer prices without retail markup, markdown or commissions, and may not necessarily represent actual transactions.

JRSIS’s common stock is thinly traded. The quoted bid and asked prices for the Common Stock vary significantly from week to week. An investor holding shares of JRSIS’s Common Stock may find it difficult to sell the shares and may find it impossible to sell more than a small number of shares at the quoted bid price.

Holders of Securities

As of the date of filing of this report, we had 114 shareholders of record and 82,594,098 outstanding shares of common stock, par value $0.0001.

Dividends

We have not declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock since our inception, and our board of directors currently intends to retain all earnings for use in the business for the foreseeable future. Any future payment of dividends will depend upon our results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. There are currently no restrictions that limit our ability to declare cash dividends on its common stock.

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

We have no equity compensation plans.

Sales of Unregistered Securities

JRSIS did not make any sale of unregistered securities during the quarter ended December 31, 2023 except for the following transaction:

On November 30, 2023, in consideration of the agreement by the owners of Yongzhou Jumi other than the holder of the 14.47% Unpledged Interest (i.e. Guangzhou JIE, Linhai Zhu, Yulin IGP and Jumi IIP) to the adoption of the Management Agreements by Yongzhou Jumi and Guangzhou JIE, JRSIS issued to Jumi GCL 76,757,439 shares of its common stock. The issuance was made pursuant to the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933 and Regulation S promulgated thereunder. The shares issued to Jumi GCL represent 92.9% of the outstanding shares of common stock of JRSIS. There was no underwriter.

Repurchase of Equity Securities

JRSIS did not repurchase any shares of its common stock during the fiscal year 2023 except for the following transaction:

Item 6. [Reserved]

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this annual report on Form 10-K.

In addition to historical information, the discussion in this section of this Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed herein. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in this section, those discussed in “Risk Factors” and those discussed elsewhere in this Report on Form 10-K.

We caution readers not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements made by us, which speak only as of the date they are made. We disclaim any obligation, except as specifically required by law and the rules of the SEC, to publicly update or revise any such statements to reflect any change in our expectations or in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statements may be based, or that may affect the likelihood that actual results will differ from those set forth in the forward-looking statements.

OVERVIEW

Company Structure

JRSIS Health Care Corporation (the “Company” or “JRSIS”) was incorporated on November 20, 2013 under the laws of the State of Florida. Through its 100% held subsidiary JRSIS Health Care Limited (“JRSIS-BVI”), a limited liability company registered in British Virgin Island (“BVI”), it holds 100% shares of Runteng Medical Group Co., Ltd (“Runteng”), a limited liability company registered in Hong Kong. On April 12, 2022, Runteng organized and owned 100% of the equity in Laidian Technology (Zhongshan) Co., Ltd (“Laidian”), a wholly foreign-owned enterprise (“WFOE”) subsidiary registered under the law of the People’s Republic of China (“the PRC”) in Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province.

Until March 31, 2022, Runteng also owned 70% of the equity in Harbin Jiarun Hospital Co., Ltd (“Jiarun”), a for-profit hospital incorporated in Harbin City of Heilongjiang, the People’s Republic of China (“the PRC”) and was fully disposed of on April 1, 2022.

On November 30, 2023, the Company, through its subsidiary Laidian, completed an acquisition transaction that resulted the Company obtained 85.53% variable interest in Yongzhou Jumi Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd. (“Yongzhou JIT”). For a detail description of our corporate structure and contractual arrangements and its related risks, see “ITEM 1 Business” in PART I elsewhere in this annual report. The transaction represents a “Reverse Acquisition” rather than a business combination that Yongzhou JIT is deemed to be the accounting acquirer in the transaction and is being accounted for as a reverse acquisition and recapitalization.

Management’s discussion and analysis in this section was based on the historic financial information of Yongzhou JIT as accounting acquirer. Those financial statements represent that the assets and liabilities and the operations that reflected the historical financial statements for periods prior to the Reverse Acquisition of Yongzhou JIT and will be recorded at the carrying amount basis of Yongzhou JIT, and the consolidated financial statements after the Reverse Acquisition included the assets and liabilities of the Company and Yongzhou JIT, and the historical operations of Yongzhou JIT and operations of the Combined Company from the date of Reverse Acquisition.

Technology and Innovation

We, through Yongzhou JIT, commitment to technological advancement and delivering cutting-edge intelligent machine and system solutions, especially for One-stop smart medicine distribution program and new retail intelligent terminal solution to meet the evolving needs of its customers. Yongzhou JIT masters intelligent algorithms and techniques, intelligent terminal technologies and moving communication related technology.

As of the date of this report, Yongzhou JIT owns 2 patents for invention, 16 patents for utility models, 6 design patents and 21 software copyrights in the PRC. In addition, there several invention patents under the processing of substantive examination stage of authorities. All the core patented technologies and models of patents and copyright have been applied into the Company’s products and services. The Company had established a research and development team of experts consisting of about 10 more persons, which accounted for about 25% total employee of Yongzhou JIT. After years of efforts, the Company holds an outstanding position in the field of intelligent medicine products areas around PRC. In addition, to promote research and innovation in intelligent medicine areas, the Company actively collaborates with several prominent research institutions and universities, such as Hunan Institute Technology, to keep our intelligent techniques being updated in advanced.

Products and Services, Customers

Based on techniques we owned and our plants and equipment we operated in China, we can provide our customers with services to customize cloud-based hardware and the relevant system/software, open platform of software as a service, cloud-based vending equipment, one-stop cloud-based medicine equipment (including automated drug sales, remote consultations, unmanned pharmacies) and a series of remote intelligent terminal products. We, currently, are engaging in the business of developing intelligent technology related to medical and producing and sales equipment based on its technology. We also provide services to design, develop, install, and maintain the cloud-based systems for our customers.

Currently, all our operations are conducted in the People’s Republic of China (“the PRC”). Our customers of our products and service included: a) governmental projects: such as local government’s healthcare project to up-grate its smart medical insurance, intelligent epidemic prevention measures, intelligent service on remote physical examination, health testing, remote consultation, prescription, payments and medicine delivery etc.; b) Hospital projects: such as a smart application system in hospital for collecting the drug information from each out-patient and direct the pharmacies in the hospital to prepare the dug for the out-patient and guide the put-patient to the right window to take his/her medicine; c) pharmacies outside the hospital and e) entities in health industry, such as the internet service platform; f) other intelligent service providers. Our products and services might be applied in more and more areas along with the development of technology and manufacturing.

GOING CONCERN UNCERTAINTIES

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the discharge of liabilities in the normal course of business for the foreseeable future.

As reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company incurred a significant net loss of $94,588 and $673,260, the recurring operating loss result in an accumulated deficit of $3,442,898 as of December 31, 2023. The Company generated cash inflows form its operation for the year ended December 31, 2023 of $516,724 and had a working capital deficit of $446,337. Management believes these factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the next twelve months.

The continuation of the Company as a going concern through the next twelve months is dependent upon (1) the continued financial support from its external financing, including bank loans and issuance of its shares to potential shareholders. Management believes that it can obtain additional bank loans and the issuance of common shares of the Company is available if the Company effort to do so, and (2) further implement management’s business plan to extend its operations and generate sufficient revenues and cash flows to meet its obligations. The Company’s operation is on the upward trend, and management believes that the Company’s operation can generate enough revenues and cash to meet its obligation in the normal course of business. While the Company believes in the viability of its strategy to increase sales volume and in its ability to raise additional funds, there can be neither any assurances to that effect, nor any assurance that the Company will be successful in securing sufficient funds to sustain the operations.

These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. The Company is working to devote more efforts to improve its operation and generate more profits and cash flow.

Management believes that the actions presently being taken to obtain additional funding and implement its strategic plan provide the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition, receivable, inventory, leases, and accrued expenses. We base our estimates on historical experience, known trends and events and various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known.

Please refer to our significant accounting policies in Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report. We believe those accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

Revenues

Total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023 were $3,461,933, increased $1,742,803, or approximately 101%, as compared to total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2022 of $1,719,130. The increase of revenues due to the increase volumes of goods sold and services provided. In addition to our marketing and promotion efforts, the termination of prevention and control measures of epidemic of COVID-19 all over the PRC since the beginning of 2023 also result in the increase of the revenues in year of 2023. The demand for intelligent products and services in the market is expected to rapid growth. We commit to iterate and update continuously our products and services with our developing intelligent technology and we expected that our revenues will continue to grow along with our marketing effort and upgrading of our product in the foreseeable future.

Currently, the Company’s revenues generate from two sources, including 1) sales of intelligent terminal, such as medicine vending machine, that the Company self-manufactured and assembled in its plant, and 2) services rendered, such as installment and maintenance terminal system, designing and development of intelligent system to its customers. Goods and services that the Company transferred to its customers deriving its revenues are all based on the Company’s intelligent technology.

The Company derived its revenues from both third-party customers and related party. Guangzhou JIE, the legal parent of Yongzhou JIT in the PRC and both under the common control of Linhai Zhu, the CEO of the Company, generally purchases certain machine from Yongzhou JIT and resales to its customers, and also had Yongzhou JIT to provided instalment and maintenance service for its customers from time to time and pays case by case under a negotiated range of charge rate to Yongzhou JIT. Ending customers of the Company’s goods and services mainly includes medicine service organization, business entities and local government.

Cost of revenues

Cost of revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $2,978,882, increased $1,285,963, approximately 76%, as comparable to the same period of 2022 of $1,692,919. The increase of the cost of revenues mainly due to the increase volume of products sold and services rendered. Cost of revenues consists primarily of the cost of the machine sold and incremental cost to fulfil the contracts with customers.

Gross profit

Gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $483,051, increased $456,840, approximately 1743%, as comparable to the same period as of December 31, 2022 of $26,211. The gross margin was 14% for the year ended December 31, 2023 increased from 2% for the year ended December 31, 2022. The implement of prevention and control measures of epidemic of COVID-19 all over the PRC since it was break out in the ended of 2019 until the beginning of 2023 lead to strict shot down of the Company’s operation, the Company has to sales products in discount during that time. This situation made the gross margin extremely low during the fiscal year of 2022.

Operating expenses

Operation expenses consist mainly of research and development, marketing and advertising, logistics, auditing and legal service, other professional service and listing support fees, employee salary, depreciation and amortization, office rental fee and utilities of underlying not associated with production that otherwise recorded as cost of inventories.

Operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2023 were $671,649, as compared to $710,987 for the year ended December 31, 2022, a decrease of $39,338, or decrease approximately 6%. During the year ended December 31, 2023, research and development expense decreased approximated $93,777 which off-set by an increase of other general and administrative expense approximated $52,756 and an increase of selling expense approximated $1,683. As compared to 2022, the Company reduced its research and development expenditures in the fiscal year of 2023 because the Company re-organized and simplified its research team to save cost without reducing efficiency of research and development. The Company insisted in an on-going reorganization to optimize its expenditures to respond its deficiency of working capital and make profits. The Company expects to invest more capital in its research and development activities as its the financial condition gets better. The increase of the general and administrative expense in 2023 mainly resulted from the increasing of the professional services and related listing fees. Marketing and advertising fee increased in 2023 result in the increase of selling expense for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Other income, net

Other income mainly consists of: 1) non-capitalized interest expense accrued form bank loans used for working capital; 2) gain or loss on disposal of inventories, equipment and other assets; and 3) government subsidy on tax exemption. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company reported other income of $102,985, as compared to $11,516 for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $91,469, or approximately 794%. The increase in other income for the year ended December 31, 2023 mainly resulted of: 1) non-capitalized interest expense for bank loan decreased of approximated $8,266 due to the reduction of bank loans; in the meantime, 2) the Company recognized governmental subsidy increase of $80,145 for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Net loss

We reported net loss of $94,588 for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to $673,260 for the year ended December 31, 2022, decrease of $578,672, or 86%.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Liquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on an ongoing basis. At December 31, 2023, we had cash of $118,114 and a working capital deficit of $446,337 as compared to cash of $158,813 and a working capital deficit of $443,788 at December 31, 2022.

To date, the Company has financed our operating and investing activities mainly through cash generated from our business and borrowings from financial institutions and contributions from shareholders. We did not identify any material capital expenditures requirements at the date of this report, but we were not sure that our cash on hand will be sufficient to meet our current and anticipated needs for general corporate purposes for at least the next 12 months. As management measures and financing policies, we will continue to delay payment and accelerate collection in our operations, optimization and reducing expenses to overcome cash deficit in our normal course of business in the foreseeable future. Even though, we may, however, need additional cash resources in the future if we experience changes in business conditions or other developments. We may also need additional cash resources in the future if we find and wish to pursue opportunities for investment, acquisition, capital expenditure or similar actions. If we determine that our cash requirements exceed the amount of cash we have on hand, we may seek to issue equity or equity-linked securities or obtain debt financing including additional bank loans. The issuance and sale of additional equity would result in further dilution to our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased fixed obligations and could result in operating covenants that would restrict our operations. We cannot assure you that financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.

The following is a summary of cash provided by or used in each of the indicated types of activities during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by our operating activities for the year ended December 2023 was $516,724, as compared to net cash used in operating activities of $1,764,729 for the year ended December 31, 2022. This was attributable to net loss of $94,588 in 2023 and was primarily adjusted by non-cash items such as (1) an aggregate total of $4,426 from right-of used assets amortization expenses and interest expenses accrual of lease liabilities of operating leases in 2023, (2) depreciation and amortization expenses of long-lived assets of $53,815 in 2023, (3) an aggregate gain of $42,266 from impaired inventories and loss from equipment disposal, and (4) an allowance of deferred taxes assets. Net operating inflows for the year ended December 31, 2023 resulted primarily from the following factors: 1) accounts receivable collected from related parties amount to $61,511; 2) decrease of inventories $128,663 due to increase of goods sold, 3) accounts payable to both third parties and related parties increased by $538,257 due to delay payments, 4) advance from customers increase of $209,031 due to cash collected in according with the term of certain service contacts which services without completely delivery as of December 31 2023; 5) accrued expenses and other payables increased by $114,021 mainly due to the Company delayed the payments of professional fees. Cash inflow was offset by the following outflows factors: 1) accounts receivable increased by $50,854 due to the payments were delayed by customers in 2023, 2) advances to suppliers increased by $301,154 and prepaid expenses and other receivables increased by $50,557 due to the Company made more payments to its suppliers and for utilities at the end of 2023.

Net cash used in our operating activities for the year ended December 2022 was $1,764,729. This was attributable to net loss of $673,260 for the year ended December 31, 2022 and was primarily adjusted by non-cash items such as (1) an aggregate total of $10,463 from right-of used assets amortization expenses and interest expenses accrual of lease liabilities of operating leases in 2022, (2) depreciation and amortization expenses of long-lived assets of $ 34,903 in 2022, and (3) deferred income tax increase of $909 in 2022. Net operating inflows for the year ended December 31, 2022 resulted primarily from the following factors: 1) inventories decreased by $57,324 due to goods sold; 2) accounts receivable – related parties decreased of $666,190 due to cash collected from related parties, 3) accounts payable increased by $11,257, 4) accrued expenses and other payables increased by $11,002 and taxes payables increased by $347, mainly due to the Company delay the payment schedule. Cash inflow was offset by the following outflows factors: 1) accounts receivable increased by $679,905 and advances from customers decreased by $1,167,459 due to the payment was delayed from customers in 2022, 2) advances to suppliers increased by $32,497 and prepaid expenses and other receivables increased by $2,185 due to the Company make more payments at the end of 2022.

Investing Activities

Net cash provided by investing activities was $18,885 for the years ended December 31, 2023, which included $20,369 provided by reverse acquisition during 2023 and $1,484 used in purchase of equipment in 2023.

There was no cash provided or used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Financing Activities

Net Cash used in our financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $568,365. During the year of 2023, we received proceeds from bank loans of $467,455 and repaid bank loans by $1,021,349, we also had net amount of 14,471 used in financing purpose between the Company its related parties.

Net cash provided by our financing activities from the year ended December 31, 2022 was $1,858,287. During the year of 2022, we received cash contribution from shareholder of $927,591 and cash proceeds from bank loans of $893,539 and financing lease of $37,157.

Inflation

We believe that the relatively moderate rate of inflation over the past few years has not had a significant impact on our results of operations.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

We do not have any material off-balance sheet arrangements.

IMPACT OF RECENTLY ISSUED NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

We do not expect the adoption of recently issued accounting pronouncements to have a significant impact on our results of operations, financial position or cash flow.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

Smaller reporting companies are not required to provide information required under this item.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of

JRSIS Health Care Corporation and Subsidiaries

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of JRSIS Health Care Corporation and Subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2023, and the related statements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2023, and related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Substantial Doubt about the Company’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the financial statements, the Company has suffered recurring significant losses which resulted significant accumulated deficiency in stockholders’ equity and has a net capital deficiency. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to this matter are also discussed in Note 2. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Evaluation of the Identification of Related Parties and Related Party Transactions – Refer to Note 12

Critical Audit Matter Description

As disclosed in Notes 12 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company had significant transactions with related parties, including sales of goods and services, purchases of goods and services, and loans guaranteed by related parties. We identified the evaluation of the identification of related parties and relate party transactions and its disclosures in the financial statements as a critical audit matter due to the complexity and the inherent risk of omission or incomplete disclosure of related parties and their transactions.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures relating to the related parties and related party transactions identified by management included the following, among others:

/s/ HHC

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2023.

Forest Hills, New York

April 26, 2024

PCAOB ID #5867

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To: the Board of Directors and Stockholders of

JRSIS Health Care Corporation

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Yongzhou Jumi Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd. (“the Company”) as of December 31, 2022, and the related statements of income and comprehensive income, change in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the year then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Yongzhou Jumi Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd. as of December 31, 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the financial statements, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations, and has a significant accumulated deficits and negative working capital. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with standards of the PCAOB.  Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatements of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

Critical audit matters are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the Board of Directors (Those Charged with Governance) that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgements. We determined that there are no critical matters.

Hong Kong, China

December 1, 2023

JRSIS HEALTH CARE CORPORATION AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements

JRSIS HEALTH CARE CORPORATION AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements

JRSIS HEALTH CARE CORPORATION AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements

JRSIS HEALTH CARE CORPORATION AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements

JRSIS HEALTH CARE CORPORATION.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

JRSIS Health Care Corporation (the “Company” or “JRSIS”) was incorporated on November 20, 2013 under the laws of the State of Florida. In December 2013 JRSIS acquired 100% of the equity in JRSIS Health Care Limited (“JRSIS-BVI”), which is a limited liability company registered in British Virgin Island (“BVI”) on February 25, 2013. JRSIS-BVI owns 100% of the equity in Runteng Medical Group Co., Ltd. (“Runteng”), a limited liability company registered in Hong Kong on September 17, 2012.

Until March 31, 2022, Runteng owned 70% of the equity in Harbin Jiarun Hospital Co., Ltd. (“Jiarun”), a for-profit hospital incorporated in Harbin City of Heilongjiang, the People’s Republic of China in February 2006. The remaining 30% of the equity in Jiarun was owned by Junsheng Zhang, who is the Chairman of the Board of JRSIS Health Care Corporation until March 2022. On April 28, 2022, the Company completed a spin-off of its subsidiary Harbin Jiarun Hospital Co., Ltd. As JRSIS’s subsidiary Runteng transferred its 70% equity interest in Jiarun to Zhang Junsheng (the “Spin-Off”). In exchange for the 70% interest in Jiarun, Zhang Junsheng transferred to Runteng 5,392,000 shares of JRSIS common stock. After the Spin-Off, JRSIS does not beneficially own any equity interest in Jiarun and will no longer consolidate Jiarun financial results with the financial results of JRSIS as on April 1, 2022.

On April 12, 2022, Runteng organized and owned 100% of the equity in Laidian Technology (Zhongshan) Co., Ltd. (“Laidian”), a wholly foreign-owned enterprise (“WFOE”) subsidiary registered under the law of the People’s Republic of China (“the PRC”) in Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province. Laidian initially engage in the business of providing charging services to electric vehicles operating in Zhongshan City, until the Company obtained the majority variable interest in Yongzhou Jumi Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd. (“Yongzhou JIT”) on November 30, 2023.

On November 30, 2023, the Company through Laidian, a wholly-owned subsidiary of JRSIS, completed an acquisition transaction by entering into and executing four agreements with Yongzhou Jumi Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd. (“Yongzhou JIT”) and Guangzhou Jumi Intelligent Equipment Co., Ltd. (“Guangzhou JIE”) (the “Management Agreements”). After execution of the Management Agreements, the Company obtained 85.53% variable interest in Yongzhou JIT. Following the transaction, we have abandoned our prior business plan and we are now pursuing Yongzhou JIT’s historical businesses and its proposed businesses.

Each of the Management Agreements is summarized as below:

Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement.

Under the Exclusive Business Consulting Agreement between Laidian and Yongzhou JIT, Laidian has the exclusive right to provide to Yongzhou JIT marketing, management, consulting and other services related to its business operations. To fulfill its obligations, Laidian will provide to Yongzhou JIT the management and marketing services of Zhuowei Zhong, who is the Chairman of Laidian. In compensation for the services provided by Laidian, Yongzhou JIT will pay Laidian a quarterly fee equal to 85.53% of any net income that Yongzhou JIT earns from its business while being managed by Zhuowei Zhong less any losses carried forward from prior quarters. The remaining 14.47% of the net income earned by Yongzhou JIT will be distributed to Guangzhou JIE for further distribution to an entity that owns 14.47% of Guangzhou JIE and has not agreed to participate in the Management Arrangement (the “14.47% Unpledged Interest”). The Exclusive Business Consulting Agreement will remain in effect until terminated by the parties.

JRSIS HEALTH CARE CORPORATION.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Equity Interest Pledge Agreement.

Guangzhou JIE, which owns all of the registered equity in Yongzhou JIT, has entered into an Equity Interest Pledge Agreement with Laidian. Pursuant to this agreement, Guangzhou JIE pledged 85.53% of its equity interest in Yongzhou JIT, including the right to receive dividends, to Laidian to secure the performance of Yongzhou JIT’s obligations under the Exclusive Business Consulting Agreement described above. If Yongzhou JIT breaches relevant contractual obligations under this agreement, Laidian, as pledgee, will be entitled to certain rights, including the right to sell the pledged equity interests. Guangzhou JIE has agreed not to transfer or create any new encumbrance on its equity interests without the prior written consent of Laidian. The Equity Interest Pledge Agreement shall terminate when Yongzhou JIT has fully performed its obligations under the Exclusive Business Consulting Agreement.

Exclusive Option Agreement.

Under the Exclusive Option Agreement among Laidian, Yongzhou JIT and Guangzhou JIE, Guangzhou JIE irrevocably granted Laidian or its designated person(s) an exclusive option to purchase, when and to the extent permitted under PRC law, all or part of its equity interest in Yongzhou JIT. The purchase price for the equity interest in Yongzhou JIT shall be determined through consultation according to the appraisal value approved by the relevant authorities and shall be the minimum amount permissible under PRC law. The Exclusive Option Agreement will be valid until all of the equity interest in Yongzhou JIT has been transferred to Laidian. The Exclusive Option Agreement provides, among other things, that without Laidian’s prior written consent:

Power of Attorney.

Under the Power of Attorney, Guangzhou JIE grants to Laidian the authority to exercise all of the powers given to Guangzhou JIE as a shareholder of Yongzhou JIT.

Yongzhou JIT was organized in 2018 in Yongzhou City in the Hunan Province of the PRC and is legally a wholly owned subsidiary of Guangzhou JIE. Yongzhou JIT is engaged in the business of developing medical technology and producing equipment based on its technology. Yongzhou JIT is best known for developing the first intelligence medicine vending machine.

JRSIS HEALTH CARE CORPORATION.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In consideration of the agreements by the owners of Yongzhou JIT other than the holder of the 14.47% Unpledged Interest to the adoption of the Management Agreements, JRSIS issued to Jumi Group Company, Ltd. (“Jumi GCL”). 76,757,439 shares of its common stock. Jumi GCL is a holding company owned by Linhai Zhu, the director, chairman and the Chief Executive Officer of the Company, Yulin Investment (Guangzhou) Partnership L.P. (“Yulin IGP”), Jumi Intelligent Information Technology (Guangzhou)Partnership L.P. (“Jumi IIP”), who are the beneficial owners of 85.53% of Guangzhou JIE. The shares issued to Jumi GCL represent 92.9% of the outstanding shares of common stock of JRSIS.

For financial reporting purposes, the execution of the Management Agreements represents a “Reverse Acquisition” rather than a business combination and Yongzhou JIT is deemed to be the accounting acquirer in the transaction. The execution of the Management Agreements is being accounted for as a reverse acquisition and recapitalization. Yongzhou JIT is the acquirer for financial reporting purposes and JRSIS is the acquired company. Consequently, the assets and liabilities and the operations that will be reflected in the historical financial statements for periods prior to the execution of the Management Agreements will be those of Yongzhou JIT and will be recorded at the carrying amount basis of Yongzhou JIT, and the consolidated financial statements after execution of the Management Agreements will include the assets and liabilities of the Company and Yongzhou JIT, and the historical operations of Yongzhou JIT and operations of the Combined Company from the date of execution of the Management Agreements. No gain and loss recognized as a reverse acquisition and recapitalization.

Description of subsidiaries and VIEs

JRSIS HEALTH CARE CORPORATION.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the discharge of liabilities in the normal course of business for the foreseeable future.

As reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company incurred a significant net loss of $94,588 and $673,260, the recurring operating loss result in an accumulated deficit of $3,442,898 as of December 31, 2023. The Company generated cash inflow form its operation for the year ended December 31, 2023 of $516,724 but had a working capital deficit of $446,337. Management believes these factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the next twelve months.

The continuation of the Company as a going concern through the next twelve months is dependent upon (1) the continued financial support from its external financing, including bank loans and issuance of its shares to potential shareholders. Management believes that it can obtained additional bank loans and the issuance of common shares of the Company is available if the Company effort to do so, and (2) further implement management’s business plan to extend its operations and generate sufficient revenues and cash flows to meet its obligations. The Company’s operation is on the upward trend, and management believes that the Company’s operation can generate enough revenues and cash to meet its obligation in the normal course of business. While the Company believes in the viability of its strategy to increase sales volume and in its ability to raise additional funds, there can be neither any assurances to that effect, nor any assurance that the Company will be successful in securing sufficient funds to sustain the operations.

These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. The Company is working to devote more efforts to improve its operation and generate more profits and cash flow. Management believes that the actions presently being taken to obtain additional funding and implement its strategic plan provide the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”).

The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiaries and VIE. All significant inter-company transactions and balances among the Company and its subsidiaries and VIE are eliminated upon consolidation. Non-controlling interests represent the equity interest in Yongzhou JIT that is not attributable to the Company. Non-controlling interest is reported in the consolidated financial position within equity, separate from the Company’s equity. Net income or loss and comprehensive income or loss are attributed to the Company’s and the non-controlling interest.

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities on the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.

The Company bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other assumptions and information that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Estimates and assumptions of future events and their effects cannot be perceived with certainty and, accordingly, these estimates may change as new events occur, as more experience is acquired, as additional information is obtained and as our operating environment changes. Estimates and assumptions are periodically reviewed and the effects of revisions are reflected in the consolidated financial statements in the period they are determined to be necessary.

JRSIS HEALTH CARE CORPORATION.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Significant estimates and assumptions made by management include, among others, useful lives and impairment of long-lived assets, collectability of accounts receivable, discount rate of leases and its impairment assessment, allowance for inventory, revenues recognition, deferred tax and uncertain tax positions. While the Company believes that the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements are appropriate, actual results could differ from those estimates.

Certain prior year balances were reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation with consideration of reflecting the acquisition transaction by entering into and executing four agreements with Yongzhou Jumi Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd. (“Yongzhou JIT”) and Guangzhou Jumi Intelligent Equipment Co., Ltd. (“Guangzhou JIE”). None of these reclassifications had an impact on reported financial position or cash flows for any of the periods presented.

Cash consists of cash on hand and deposits in financial institutions which is readily available in checking and saving accounts. The Company maintains cash with various financial institutions in the PRC and are uninsured. The Company has not experienced any losses in bank account and believes it is not exposed to any risk on its cash held in bank accounts.

Accounts receivable is arisen from revenues from contracts with customers and reported at its original amount less an allowance for expected credit losses. Accounts receivables original amount recorded at the invoiced amount with no interest bearing, due various in contractual payment terms, generally 30 to 90 days from delivery. Credit is granted based on management’s evaluation of a customer's financial condition, the customer credit-worthiness and their payment history. Accounts receivable outstanding longer than the contractual payment terms are considered past due. Past due balances over 90 days and over a specified amount are reviewed individually for collectability. At the end of each period, the Company specifically evaluates individual customer’s financial condition, credit history, and the current economic conditions to monitor the progress of the collection of accounts receivables. The Company will consider the allowance for any estimated credit losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments. Account balances are charged off against the allowance for credit losses after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote.

Advances to suppliers consist of prepayments to our vendors, such as outsource service, marketing promotion, parties. We typically receive products from vendors within three to nine months after making prepayments. We continuously monitor delivery from, and payments to, our vendors while maintaining a provision for estimated credit losses based upon historical experience and any specific supplier issues, such as discontinuing of inventory supply, that have been identified. If we have difficulty receiving products from a vendor, we take the following steps: cease purchasing products from such vendor, ask for return of our prepayment promptly, and if necessary, take legal action. If all of these steps are unsuccessful, management then determines whether the prepayments should be reserved or written off. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the balance allowance for doubtful accounts was $0 and $0, respectively.

Inventories consist of raw material and parts, work-in-progressing, and finished goods of the Company’s product, such as intelligence medicine or goods vending machine, health micro-consulting room. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined using weighted average method. Net realizable value equal to the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The Company carries out physical inventory counts from time to time and at least once within a fiscal year. The Company reviews historical sales activity quarterly to determine excessive, slow moving items, and items that damage, physical deterioration, obsolescence to determine if evidence exists that the net realizable value of inventory is lower than its cost, if any, the difference shall be recognized as a loss in earnings in the period in which it occurs.

JRSIS HEALTH CARE CORPORATION.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Equipment and vehicles are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment, if any. Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line basis over the following expected useful lives from the date on which they become fully operational and after taking into account their estimated residual values:

Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. When assets have been retired or sold, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is recognized in the results of operations.

Intangible assets consist primarily of patent of patents of utility model and copyrights of software. Intangible assets are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and impairment, if any. Intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method with the following estimated useful lives:

In accordance with the provisions of Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC “) Topic 360, “Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets”, all long-lived assets such as property, plant and equipment held and used by the Company are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is evaluated by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to its estimated future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amounts of the assets exceed the fair value of the assets.

The Company stated lease transactions in accordance with the FASB ASC Topic 842 Leases.

Identify a lease

At inception of a contract, the Company assesses whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is or contains a lease if it conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange of a consideration. To assess whether a contract is or contains a lease, the Company assess whether the contract involves the use of an identified asset, whether it has the right to obtain substantially all the economic benefits from the use of the asset and whether it has the right to control the use of the asset.

Lease classification

Lease classification for leases under which the Company is a lessor is evaluated at lease commencement and leases not classified as sales-type leases or direct financing leases are classified as operating leases. Leases qualify as sales-type leases if the contract includes either transfer of ownership clauses, certain purchase options, a lease term representing a major part of the economic life of the asset, or the present value of the lease payments and residual guarantees provided by the lessee exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the asset. Additionally, leasing an asset so specialized that it is not deemed to have any value to the Company at the end of the lease term may also result in classification as a sales-type lease. Leases qualify as direct financing leases when the present value of the lease payments and residual value guarantees provided by the lessee and unrelated third parties exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the asset and collection of the payments is probable. There are not leases under which the Company is a lessor during the fiscal years of the accompanying financial statements.

JRSIS HEALTH CARE CORPORATION.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Lease classification for leases under which the Company is a lessee is evaluated at lease commencement as finance or operating leases. Leases qualify as finance leases if the lease transfers ownership of the asset at the end of the lease term, the lease grants an option to purchase the asset that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise, the lease term is for a major part of the remaining economic life of the asset, or the present value of the lease payments exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the asset. Leases that do not qualify as finance leases are deemed to be operating leases.

In accordance with the FASB ASC Topic 842, the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the commencement date of the of the lease and recognizes in profit or loss the lease cost or expense during the lease term. As an accounting policy, the Company elect not to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability to a short-term lease which with a term of 12 months or less, instead, recognizes the lease payments in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease payments recorded in earnings in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred. The Company generally uses an incremental borrowing rate as discount rate to measure its lease liabilities, as the rate implicit in the lease is typically not readily determinable. Certain lease agreements include renewal options that are under the Company’s control. The Company includes optional renewal periods in the lease term only when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise its option.

Right-of-use assets

The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and less any lease incentive received.

Lease liabilities

Lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the outstanding lease payments at the commencement date, discounted using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise fixed lease payments, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, amounts expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee and any exercise price under a purchase option that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise. Lease liability is measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method. It is re-measured when there is a change in future lease payments, if there is a change in the estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, or if there is any change in the Company assessment of option purchases, contract extensions or termination options.

The Company adopted ASC Topic 606, Revenues from Contract with Customers (“ASC 606”) for all periods presented. Under ASC 606, revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods and services is transferred to the Company’s customers and the performance obligation was satisfied, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods and services transferred. The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps:

JRSIS HEALTH CARE CORPORATION.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price basis. The transaction price allocated to each performance obligation is recognized as revenues when that performance obligation is satisfied by the control of the promised goods and services is transferred to the customers, which at a point in time or over time as appropriate.

The Company’s revenues consist primary of sales of machine, design and development software systems for customers base on the Company’s intelligent and communication technology, system installation and maintenances services.

The Company determined for each performance obligation identified at contract inception whether it satisfies the performance obligation over time or satisfies the performance obligation at a point in time. If an entity does not satisfy a performance obligation over time, the performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time.

The Company recognizes revenues from sales of machine at the point in time when the Company has transferred physical possession of the goods to the customer and the customer has accepted the goods, therefore, indicating as control of the goods has been transferred to the customer.

The Company determined each performance obligation identified from contract with customer of design and development software systems and contracts from system installment and maintenance at the inception of each contract whether it satisfied over time of at point in time. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, all the performance obligation identified from the contracts are satisfied at point in time and its related revenues are recognized at point in time.

When a contract with customers has performed, the Company presents the contract in the consolidated balance sheet as a contract asset or a contract liability, depending on the relationship between the Company’s performance and the customer’s payment.

Contract assets or accounts receivable

A contract asset is the Company’s right to consideration in exchange for goods or services that the Company has transferred to a customer. A receivable is recorded when the Company has an unconditional right to consideration. A right to consideration is unconditional if only the passage of time is required before payment of that consideration is due. The Company does not have material contract assets.

Contract liabilities

The contract liability represents the billings or cash received for goods or services in advance of revenue recognition which is recognized as revenue when all of the Company’s revenue recognition criteria are met. The Company presents contract liabilities in its financial statements as advances from customers.

Cost of revenue consists primarily of material costs, direct labor, depreciation, and manufacturing overhead, which are directly attributable to the manufacture of products and other costs directly related to rendering of services or projects performance.

The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred and includes it in selling expenses. The Company recorded $82,318 and $583 of advertising and promotional expenses for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Research and development expenses consist primarily of salary and welfare for research and development department personnel and materials used for research. The Company stated $189,266 and $283,043 as research and development expenses for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

JRSIS HEALTH CARE CORPORATION.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

ASC Topic 220, “Comprehensive Income”, establishes standards for reporting and display of comprehensive income, its components and accumulated balances. Comprehensive income as defined includes all changes in equity during a period from non-owner sources. Accumulated other comprehensive income, as presented in the accompanying consolidated statement of stockholders’ equity, consists of changes in unrealized gains and losses on foreign currency translation. This comprehensive income is not included in the computation of income tax expense or benefit.

Income taxes are determined in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”). Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted income tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Any effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

ASC 740 prescribes a comprehensive model for how companies should recognize, measure, present, and disclose in their financial statements uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. Under ASC 740, tax positions must initially be recognized in the financial statements when it is more likely than not the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Such tax positions must initially and subsequently be measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authority assuming full knowledge of the position and relevant facts.

For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not have any interest and penalties associated with tax positions. As of December 31, 2023, the Company did not have any significant unrecognized uncertain tax positions.

The Company conducts the majority of its businesses in the PRC and is subject to tax in this jurisdiction. As a result of its business activities, the Company files tax returns that are subject to examination by a foreign tax authority.

Sales revenue represents the invoiced value of goods, net of Value-Added Tax (“VAT”). All of the Company’s goods or services are sold in the PRC and are subject to a VAT on the gross sales price. The VAT rates range from 6% to 13%, depending on the type of goods or services sold. The VAT may be offset by qualified VAT paid by the Company on raw materials and other materials included in the cost of producing or acquiring its finished products. The Company’s subsidiaries in PRC were required to file VAT tax return each month. The Company recorded a VAT payable net of payments if VAT payable on the gross sales is larger than VAT paid by the Company on purchase of materials or finished goods, on the contrary, the Company recorded VAT deductible, VAT deductible can be used to deducted VAT payable in the future.

The Company calculates income (loss) per share in accordance with ASC Topic 260, “Earnings per Share.” Basic income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to the holders of common shares by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted income (loss) per share is computed similar to basic income (loss) per share except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential common stock equivalents had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive.

The reporting currency of the Company is the United States Dollar (“US$”). The Company’s subsidiaries in the PRC maintain their books and records in their local currency, the Renminbi Yuan (“RMB”), which is the functional currency as being the primary currency of the economic environment in which these entities operate.

JRSIS HEALTH CARE CORPORATION.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency using the applicable exchange rates at the balance sheet dates. The resulting exchange differences are recorded in the statement of operations.

In general, for consolidation and reporting purposes, assets and liabilities of its subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the US$ are translated into US$, in accordance with ASC Topic 830-30, “Translation of Financial Statement”, using the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, equity accounts are translated at its historical rates; Revenues and expenses are translated at average rates prevailing during the period. The gains and losses resulting from translation of financial statements of foreign subsidiaries are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income within the statement of stockholders’ equity.

Translation of amounts from RMB into US$ has been made at the following exchange rates for the respective years:

The Company adopted ASC 850, Related Party Disclosures, for the identification of related parties and disclosure of related party transactions. Related parties include: (a) Affiliates of the entity, who directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with an entity; (b) Entities for which investments in their equity securities would be required to be accounted for by the equity method by the investing entity; (c) Trusts for the benefit of employees, such as pension and profit-sharing trusts that are managed by or under the trusteeship of management; (d) Principal owners, who record or known beneficial owners of more than 10 percent of the voting interests, of the entity and members of their immediate families; (e) Management of the entity and members of their immediate families; (f) Other parties with which the entity may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests; (g) Other parties that can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the transacting parties or that have an ownership interest in one of the transacting parties and can significantly influence the other to an extent that one or more of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. The Company disclose all material related party transactions.

ASC Topic 280, “Segment Reporting” establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments on a basis consistent with the Company’s internal organization structure as well as information about geographical areas, business segments and major customers in financial statements. The Company’s chief operating decision maker has been identified as the CEO who reviews consolidated results of the Company when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance. The Company is domiciled in the United States while its mainly business operation is within the PRC and earns majority of the revenues from external customers attributed from the PRC. As a whole and hence, the Company has only one operating segment for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The Company follows the guidance of the FASB ASC Topic 820-10, “Fair Value Measurements” (“ASC 820”), to address fair value measurement with respect to financial assets and liabilities. ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.

JRSIS HEALTH CARE CORPORATION.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels of inputs are:

ASC 820 describes three main approaches to measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities: (1) market approach; (2) income approach; and (3) cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount. The measurement is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that would currently be required to replace an asset.

The Company’s financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, advance to suppliers, prepaid expenses and other current assets, bank loans, accounts payable, amount due from/to related parties, and accrued expenses and other current liabilities. The carrying values of these financial instruments approximate their fair values due to their short-term maturities. The carrying amount of the long-term borrowing approximates its fair values since it bears an interest rate which approximates market interest rate.

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued a new standard to improve reportable segment disclosures. The guidance expands the disclosures required for reportable segments in our annual and interim consolidated financial statements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The standard will be effective for us beginning with our annual reporting for fiscal year 2025 and interim periods thereafter, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our segment disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued a new standard to improve income tax disclosures. The guidance requires disclosure of disaggregated income taxes paid, prescribes standardized categories for the components of the effective tax rate reconciliation, and modifies other income tax-related disclosures. The standard will be effective for us beginning with our annual reporting for fiscal year 2026, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our income tax disclosures.

The Company does not believe other recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of income and consolidated statements of cashflows.

JRSIS HEALTH CARE CORPORATION.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

On November 30, 2023, the Company and Yongzhou JIT closed a reverse acquisition and then, Laidian, an indirectly wholly-owned subsidiary of JRSIS, entered into four agreements with Yongzhou JIT and Guangzhou JIE (the “Management Agreements”). The key terms of these Management Agreements are summarized in Note 1 - Organization and Business Background of previous notes to these financial statements.

In accordance with FASB ASC 810, Variable Interest Entity (“VIE”) is an entity that has either a total equity investment that is insufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, or whose equity investors lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest, such as through voting rights, right to receive the expected residual returns of the entity or obligation to absorb the expected losses of the entity. The variable interest holder, if any, that has a controlling financial interest in a VIE is deemed to be the primary beneficiary and must consolidate the VIE. Laidian is deemed to have a controlling financial interest and be the primary beneficiary of Yongzhou JIT under the term of Management Agreements, because it has both of the following characteristics:

In addition, as all of these Management Agreements are governed by PRC law and provide for the resolution of disputes through arbitration in the PRC, they would be interpreted in accordance with PRC law and any disputes would be resolved in accordance with PRC legal procedures. The legal environment in the PRC is not as developed as in other jurisdictions, such as the United States. As a result, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could further limit the Company’s ability to enforce these Management Agreements. Furthermore, these contracts may not be enforceable in China if PRC government authorities or courts take a view that such contracts contravene PRC laws and regulations or are otherwise not enforceable for public policy reasons. In the event the Company is unable to enforce these Management Agreements, it may not be able to exert effective control over Yongzhou JIT and its ability to conduct its business may be materially and adversely affected.

All of the Company’s main current operations are conducted through Yongzhou JIT. Current regulations in China permit Yongzhou JIT to pay dividends to the Company only out of its accumulated distributable profits, if any, determined in accordance with their articles of association and PRC accounting standards and regulations. The ability of Yongzhou JIT to make dividends and other payments to the Company may be restricted by factors including changes in applicable foreign exchange and other laws and regulations.

In the opinion of management, (i) the corporate structure of the Company is in compliance with existing PRC laws and regulations; (ii) the Management Arrangements are valid and binding, and do not result in any violation of PRC laws or regulations currently in effect; and (iii) the business operations of Laidian and the VIE are in compliance with existing PRC laws and regulations in all material respects.

However, there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current and future PRC laws and regulations. Accordingly, the Company cannot be assured that PRC regulatory authorities will not ultimately take a contrary view to the foregoing opinion of its management. If the current corporate structure of the Company or the Management Arrangements is found to be in violation of any existing or future PRC laws and regulations, the Company may be required to restructure its corporate structure and operations in the PRC to comply with changing and new PRC laws and regulations. In the opinion of management, the likelihood of loss in respect of the Company’s current corporate structure or the Management Arrangements is remote based on current facts and circumstances.

JRSIS HEALTH CARE CORPORATION.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The carrying amount of the major classes of assets and liabilities of VIE in the PRC are included in the consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 consist of the following: