• Commodity Sector Risks
The daily performance of the spot price of certain commodities has a direct impact on Fund performance. To the extent the Fund has significant exposure to a particular commodity sector, the Fund may be more susceptible to loss due to adverse occurrences affecting that sector, including a decline in the price of commodities in such sector.
Agricultural Sector Investment Risk. The daily performance of the spot price of certain agricultural commodities has a direct impact on Fund performance. Investments in the agriculture sector may be highly volatile and the market values of such commodities can change quickly and unpredictably due to a number of factors, such as the supply of, and demand for, each commodity, the strength of the domestic and global economy, legislative or regulatory developments relating to food safety, as well as other significant events, including public health, political, legal, financial, accounting and tax matters that are beyond the Fund’s control. In addition, increased competition caused by economic recession, labor difficulties and changing consumer tastes and spending can impact the demand for agricultural products and, in turn, the value of such investments.
Energy Sector Investment Risk. The daily performance of the spot price of certain energy-related commodities has a direct impact on Fund performance. Energy commodities’ market values are significantly impacted by a number of factors, such as the supply of, and demand for, each commodity, the strength of the domestic and global economy, significant world events, capital expenditures on exploration and production, energy conservation efforts, government regulation and subsidization and technological advances. Investments in the energy sector may be cyclical and/or highly volatile and subject to swift price fluctuations. In addition, significant declines in the price of oil may contribute to significant market volatility, which may adversely affect the Fund’s performance.
Metals Sector Investment Risk. The daily performance of the spot price of certain industrial and precious metals has a direct impact on Fund performance. Investments in metals may be highly volatile and the market values of such commodities can change quickly and unpredictably due to a number of factors, such as the supply of, and demand for, each metal, the strength of the domestic and global economy, international monetary policy, environmental or labor costs, as well as other significant events, including public health, political, legal, financial, accounting and tax matters that are beyond the Fund’s control. The United States or foreign governments may pass laws or regulations limiting metal investments for strategic or other policy reasons. Further, the principal supplies of metal industries may be concentrated in a small number of countries and regions.
• Cybersecurity Risk
Cybersecurity incidents may allow an unauthorized party to gain access to Fund assets, customer data (including private shareholder information), or proprietary information, or cause the Fund, the Advisor and/or its service providers (including, but not limited to, Fund accountants, custodians, sub-custodians, transfer agents and financial intermediaries) to suffer data breaches, data corruption or lose operational functionality.
• Fixed-Income Securities and Money Market Instruments
A decline in an issuer’s credit rating or a rise in interest rates could cause the value of a fixed-income security or money market instrument to decrease. Interest rate risk is generally lower for shorter-term investments and higher for longer-term investments. The Funds may be subject to a heightened risk of rising interest rates due to the current historically low interest rate environment and the likely impact on market conditions of any potential government fiscal policy initiatives that respond to these low rates. In addition, a Fund’s income may decline due to falling interest rates or other factors.
• Futures Contracts, Options and Options on Futures Contracts
Through its holdings of derivative instruments including futures, options and options on futures contracts, the Fund may be exposed to (i) losses from margin deposits in the case of bankruptcy of the relevant broker, and (ii) a risk that the relevant position cannot be closed out when required at its fundamental value.