Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial information includes only adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations, financial position, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022, are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year or the results for any future periods. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021 has been derived from audited financial statements at that date. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements, and related notes for the year ended December 31, 2021 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 25, 2022. Liquidity Matters The Company has incurred net losses since its inception and anticipates net losses and negative operating cash flows for the near future. The Company had a net loss of $138.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and an accumulated deficit of $1.5 billion as of March 31, 2022. As of March 31, 2022, the Company had $158.5 million in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, $593.7 million in marketable securities, $50.1 million of outstanding balance of the Credit Line (as defined in Note 10, Debt The Company continues to develop and commercialize future products and invest in the growth of its business and, consequently, it will need to generate additional revenues to achieve future profitability and will need to raise additional equity or debt financing. If the Company raises additional funds by issuing equity securities, its stockholders will experience dilution. Additional debt financing, if available, may involve covenants restricting its operations or its ability to incur additional debt. Any additional debt financing or additional equity that the Company raises may contain terms that are not favorable to it or its stockholders and requires significant debt service payments, which diverts resources from other activities. Additional financing may not be available at all, or in amounts or on terms acceptable to the Company. If the Company is unable to obtain additional financing, it may be required to delay the development and commercialization of its products and significantly scale back its business and operations. On September 10, 2021, the Company entered into an agreement with a third party for an asset acquisition where the acquired asset was in-process research and development primarily in exchange for an equity consideration payment. In addition, pursuant to the agreement, certain employees of the third party became employees of the Company. The third party was a biotechnology company focused on oncology. The total upfront acquisition consideration amounts to $35.6 million composed of the issuance of 276,346 shares of the Company's common stock with a fair value of $30.9 million, approximately $3.9 million of cash consideration, assumed net liabilities of $0.2 million, as well as $0.6 million of acquisition related legal and accounting costs directly attributable to the acquisition of the asset. The Company accounted for the transaction as an asset acquisition as substantially all of the estimated fair value of the gross assets acquired was concentrated in a single identified in-process research and development asset (“IPR&D”) thus satisfying the requirements of the screen test in ASU 2017-01. The estimated fair value of the acquired workforce was not significant. The Company concluded the acquired IPR&D has no alternative-future use and accordingly expensed approximately $35.6 million, on the day the transaction closed as research and development expense, which is reflected in its consolidated statement of operations. Further, additional consideration aggregating up to approximately $35.0 million may be paid in an estimated 269,547 of additional shares, consistent with the registration statement filed with the SEC on September 10, 2021, that are potentially issuable to legacy shareholders of this third party upon the achievement of defined milestones relating to product development, commercial launch and continued employment of certain selling shareholders, each of which will be revalued at each reporting date and amount of compensation expense will be adjusted accordingly. The Company assessed these milestones as probable as of March 31, 2022. As achievement of all milestones is contingent upon the continued employment of certain selling shareholders, the Company accounted for the consideration related to all of the milestones as compensation expenses and recognized these expenses ratably over the estimated performance period of 24 months, to approximately August 2023. In July 2021, the Company completed an underwritten equity offering and sold 5,175,000 shares of its common stock at a price of $113 per share to the public. Before offering expenses of $0.4 million, the Company received proceeds of $551.2 million net of the underwriting discount. Based on the Company’s current business plan, the Company believes that its existing cash and marketable securities will be sufficient to meet its anticipated cash requirements for at least 12 months after May 6, 2022. Principles of Consolidation Use of Estimates Revenue The total consideration which the Company expects to be entitled to from patients and insurance carriers in exchange for the Company's products is a significant estimate determined by calculating the average selling price based on the contractual pricing agreed to with each insurance carrier for each test (CPT code) performed adjusted for variable consideration related to historical percent of cases allowed, historical percent of patient responsibility collected, and historical percent of contract price collected from insurance carriers. The Company uses the expected-value approach of estimating variable consideration. The Company also considers recent trends, past events not expected to recur, and future known changes such as anticipated contractual pricing changes or insurance coverages. For insurance carriers with similar reimbursement characteristics, the Company uses a portfolio approach to estimate the effects of variable consideration. The Company also applies a constraint to the estimated variable consideration when it assesses it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue may occur in future periods. When assessing the total consideration for insurance carriers and patients, a certain percentage of revenues is further constrained for estimated refunds. Stock-based compensation The Company’s stock-based compensation relates to stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance-based awards, market-based awards, and stock purchase rights under an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). Stock based compensation granted to the Company’s employees is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award. The fair value is recognized as expense over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period or estimated performance period of the respective awards. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options issued to employees and non-employees. Stock-based compensation expense for stock-based awards is based on their grant date fair value. The fair value of stock option awards is recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period in which the awards are expected to vest and forfeitures are estimated based on historical trends at the time of grant and revised as necessary. Stock option awards that include a service condition and a performance condition are considered expected to vest when the performance condition is probable of being met. The Black-Scholes model considers several variables and assumptions in estimating the fair value of stock-based awards. These variables include the per share fair value of the underlying common stock, exercise price, expected term, risk-free interest rate, expected annual dividend yield and the expected stock price volatility over the expected term. For all stock options granted, we calculate the expected term using the simplified method for “plain vanilla” stock option awards. The Company determines expected volatility using the historical volatility of the stock price of similar publicly traded peer companies. The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues similar in duration to the expected term of the equity-settled award. The Company determines the fair value of RSUs based on the closing price of our stock price, which is listed on Nasdaq, at the date of the grant. For stock options and performance-based awards that vest upon meeting performance conditions or market conditions in combination with performance conditions, the Company derives the requisite service period from the grant date to the date it is probable that the vesting conditions will be met. The requisite service period is considered to be a significant accounting estimate. For stock options with market conditions, the Company derives the requisite service period using the Monte Carlo simulation model. The Monte Carlo simulation model is used to estimate the fair value of market-based condition awards. The model requires the input of the Company's expected stock price and peer stock price volatility, the expected term of the awards, and a risk-free interest rate. Determining these assumptions requires significant judgment. See further discussion on the valuation assumptions used under Note 9, Stock Based Compensation Income Taxes Income taxes are recorded in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes Income Taxes Allowance for doubtful accounts The allowance for doubtful accounts for trade accounts receivable and other receivables is based on the Company’s assessment of the collectability of customer accounts. The Company regularly reviews the allowance by considering factors such as historical experience, credit quality, the age of the accounts receivable balances, and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. Inventory Inventory is recorded at the lower of cost or net realizable value, determined on a first-in, first-out basis. The Company uses judgment to analyze and determine if the composition of its inventory is obsolete, slow-moving or unsalable and frequently reviews such determinations. A write down of specifically identified unusable, obsolete, slow-moving or known unsalable inventory in the period is first recognized by using a number of factors including product expiration dates and scrapped inventory. Any write-down of inventory to net realizable value establishes a new cost basis and will be maintained even if certain circumstances suggest the inventory is recoverable in subsequent periods. Costs associated with the write-down of inventory are recorded to cost of revenue on our consolidated statements of operations. The Company makes assumptions about future demand, market conditions and the release of new products that may supersede older products. However, if actual market conditions are less favorable than anticipated, additional inventory write-downs may be required. Investments and financial instruments The Company classifies its investments as Level 1 or 2 within the fair value hierarchy. Fair values determined by Level 1 inputs utilize quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets that the Company has the ability to access. Fair values determined by Level 2 inputs utilize data points that are observable such as quoted prices, interest rates and yield curves. The Company holds Level 2 securities which are initially valued at the transaction price and subsequently valued by a third-party service provider using inputs other than quoted prices that are observable either directly or indirectly, such as yield curve, volatility factors, credit spreads, default rates, loss severity, current market and contractual prices for the underlying instruments or debt, broker and dealer quotes, as well as other relevant economic measures. The Company performs certain procedures to corroborate the fair value of these holdings. Right-of-use assets The incremental borrowing rate is used to determine the present value of the minimum future lease payments. The Company estimates the incremental borrowing rate of its leases based on the weighted-average annual percentage yield of corporate bonds with a similar credit rating as the Company and a similar bond term as the lease term as of the approximate lease commencement date. Property and equipment Property and equipment, including purchased and internally developed software, are stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which are generally three to five years determined by the classification of the property and equipment class in accordance with the Company’s fixed asset policy. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets or the remaining term of the lease, whichever is shorter. The Company periodically reviews the useful lives assigned to property and equipment placed in service in accordance with the Company’s fixed asset policy and changes the estimates of useful lives to reflect the results of such reviews. The Company amortizes its internal-use software over the estimated useful lives of three years. Other accrued liabilities The Company's uses estimates, judgments, and assumptions in several areas including, but not limited to, estimates of progress to date for certain contracts with vendors, liabilities related to clinical trials, payroll and related expenses, marketing liabilities, reserves associated with insurance and general overpayments, tax-related liabilities, and other operating expenses. Estimates consist of historical trends, analytical procedures, review of supporting documentation, inquiries with supply partners and vendors, and other relevant assumptions. Although the Company believe its estimates, assumptions, and judgment are reasonable, it is based upon information presently available and are subject to change. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and money market deposits with financial institutions. Restricted Cash Restricted cash is currently presented as a separate line item in the Company’s balance sheet. In the statements of cash flows, it is included together with cash and cash equivalents and considered as part of the total ending cash balance. Credit Losses Appropriate provision has been made for lifetime expected credit losses in accordance with ASC Topic 326-20, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses The following is a roll-forward of the allowances for credit losses related to trade accounts receivable and other receivables for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021: Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 2021 (in thousands) Beginning balance $ 2,429 $ 4,220 Provision for credit losses 331 - Write-offs (368) (110) Total $ 2,392 $ 4,110 Available-for-sale debt securities. Investments Investments consist primarily of debt securities such as U.S. Treasuries, U.S. agency and municipal bonds. Management determines the appropriate classification of securities at the time of purchase and re-evaluates such determination at each balance sheet date. The Company generally classifies its entire investment portfolio as available-for-sale. The Company views its available-for-sale portfolio as available for use in current operations. Accordingly, the Company classifies all investments as short-term, irrespective of maturity date. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), which is a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Related Party On December 6, 2021, the Company participated along with certain other investors in the series B financing of MyOme, Inc. (“MyOme”), and purchased preferred shares and warrants in exchange for a cash payment of approximately $4.0 million. The Company’s investment in MyOme is recorded at cost and no impairment was identified as of March 31, 2022. The following are the Company’s related persons and the basis of each such related person’s relationship with MyOme: ● Matthew Rabinowitz, the Company’s executive chairman and co-founder, is the chairman of the board and founder of MyOme, and a beneficial holder of approximately 35.5% of the outstanding shares of MyOme; ● Jonathan Sheena, the Company’s co-founder and a member of the Company’s board of directors, is stockholder and a member of the board of directors of Myome; ● Daniel Rabinowitz, the Company’s Secretary and Chief Legal Officer, is a stockholder of Myome; and ● Roelof Botha, the Company’s Lead Independent Director, is a managing member of Sequoia Capital Operations, LLC. Two funds affiliated with Sequoia Capital Operations, LLC also participated in MyOme’s series B financing, and purchased MyOme series B preferred shares for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $1.7 million. Fair Value The Company discloses the fair value of financial instruments for financial assets and liabilities for which the value is practicable to estimate. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received upon the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). Risk and Uncertainties The Company is subject to risks and uncertainties as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company's business is highly uncertain and difficult to predict, and the full extent and duration of the impact of the COVID 19 pandemic on our business, our operations, and the global economy as a whole is not yet known. While the Company’s test volumes and overall average selling prices increased in the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company cannot predict the potential nature, magnitude and duration of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the macroeconomic environment. Further, in our operations as a public company, prolonged government disruptions, global pandemics and other natural disasters or geopolitical actions, for example the geopolitical instability due to the ongoing military conflict between Russia and Ukraine, have resulted in significant economic uncertainty. These macroeconomic conditions could affect our ability to access the public markets and obtain necessary capital in order to properly capitalize and continue our operations. Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist of cash, accounts receivable and investments. The Company limits its exposure to credit loss by placing its cash in financial institutions with high credit ratings. The Company's cash may consist of deposits held with banks that may at times exceed federally insured limits of $250,000 per customer. The Company performs evaluations of the relative credit standing of these financial institutions and limits the amount of credit exposure with any one institution. The Company performs evaluations of financial conditions for insurance carriers, patients, clinics and laboratory partners and generally does not require collateral to support credit sales. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, and 2021, there were no customers exceeding 10% of total revenues on an individual basis. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were no customers with an outstanding balance exceeding 10% of net accounts receivable. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Comprehensive loss and its components encompass all changes in equity other than those with stockholders, and include net loss, unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale marketable securities and foreign currency translation adjustments. Three months ended March 31, 2022 2021 (in thousands) Beginning balance $ (2,287) $ 4,259 Net unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities, net of tax and foreign currency translation adjustment (11,617) (1,062) Ending balance $ (13,904) $ 3,197 The increase in net unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities is due to increased market volatility. The Company has assessed the unrealized loss position for available-for-sale securities and determined that an allowance for credit losses was not necessary. Recent Accounting Pronouncements From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) under its accounting standard codifications or other standard setting bodies and adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed below, the Company believes that the impact of accounting standards updates recently issued that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations upon adoption. New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In March 2020, ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) |