Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses | Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses The Company’s loan portfolio is segmented to enable management to monitor risk and performance. Real estate loans are further segregated into three classes. Residential mortgages include those secured by residential properties and include home equity loans, while commercial mortgages consist of loans to commercial borrowers secured by commercial real estate. Construction loans typically consist of loans to build commercial buildings and acquire and develop residential real estate. The commercial and industrial segment consists of loans to finance the activities of commercial customers. The consumer segment consists primarily of indirect auto loans as well as personal installment loans and personal or overdraft lines of credit. Residential mortgage loans are typically longer-term loans and, therefore, generally present greater interest rate risk than the consumer and commercial loans. Under certain economic conditions, housing values may decline, which may increase the risk that the collateral values are not sufficient. Commercial real estate loans generally present a higher level of credit risk than loans secured by residences. This greater risk is due to several factors, including the concentration of principal in a limited number of loans and borrowers, the effect of general economic conditions on income-producing properties, and the increased difficulty in evaluating and monitoring these types of loans. Furthermore, the repayment of commercial real estate loans is typically dependent upon the successful operation of the related real estate project. If the cash flow from the project is reduced (for example, if leases are not obtained or renewed, a bankruptcy court modifies a lease term, or a major tenant is unable to fulfill its lease obligations), the borrower’s ability to repay the loan may be impaired. Construction loans are originated to individuals to finance the construction of residential dwellings and are also originated for the construction of commercial properties, including hotels, apartment buildings, housing developments, and owner-occupied properties used for businesses. Construction loans generally provide for the payment of interest only during the construction phase, which is usually 12 to 18 months. At the end of the construction phase, the loan generally converts to a permanent residential or commercial mortgage loan. Construction loan risks include overfunding in comparison to the plans, untimely completion of work, and leasing and stabilization after project completion. Commercial and industrial loans are generally secured by inventories, accounts receivable, and other business assets, which present collateral risk. Consumer loans generally have higher interest rates and shorter terms than residential mortgage loans; however, they have additional credit risk due to the type of collateral securing the loan. The following table presents the classifications of loans as of the dates indicated: March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 (Dollars in thousands) Real Estate: Residential $ 346,938 $ 347,808 Commercial 470,430 467,154 Construction 44,323 43,116 Commercial and Industrial 103,313 111,278 Consumer 100,576 111,643 Other 30,763 29,397 Total Loans 1,096,343 1,110,396 Allowance for Credit Losses (9,582) (9,707) Loans, Net $ 1,086,761 $ 1,100,689 Total unamortized net deferred loan fees were $897,000 and $1.0 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company uses an eight-point internal risk rating system to monitor the credit quality of the overall loan portfolio. The first four categories are not considered criticized and are aggregated as “pass” rated. The criticized rating categories used by management generally follow bank regulatory definitions. The special mention category includes assets that are currently protected but are below average quality, resulting in an undue credit risk, but not to the point of justifying a substandard classification. Loans in the substandard category have well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt and have a distinct possibility that some loss will be sustained if the weaknesses are not corrected. Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in loans classified as substandard with the added characteristic that collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of current conditions and facts, is highly improbable. Loans classified as loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that continuance as an asset is not warranted. The following tables present the Company’s loans by year of origination, loan segmentation and risk indicator summarized by the aggregate Pass and the criticized categories of Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful within the internal risk rating system as of the dates indicated. There were no loans in the criticized category of Loss. Classified Loans by Origination Year (as of March 31, 2024) (dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Total Real Estate: Residential Pass $ 5,648 $ 33,704 $ 49,806 $ 43,592 $ 57,999 $ 138,224 $ 14,420 $ 343,393 Special Mention — — 1,026 500 — 99 — 1,625 Substandard — — — 97 — 1,823 — 1,920 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — Total 5,648 33,704 50,832 44,189 57,999 140,146 14,420 346,938 Commercial Pass 11,925 56,222 69,494 88,743 47,613 158,728 2,073 434,798 Special Mention — 1,193 5,443 5,670 2,416 12,776 — 27,498 Substandard — — — — — 8,134 — 8,134 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — Total 11,925 57,415 74,937 94,413 50,029 179,638 2,073 470,430 Construction Pass 146 15,895 13,047 731 — — — 29,819 Special Mention — 4,988 2,283 663 6,570 — — 14,504 Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — Total 146 20,883 15,330 1,394 6,570 — — 44,323 Commercial and Industrial Pass 14,359 25,647 15,406 8,359 5,260 5,573 18,141 92,745 Special Mention — — — — 9 3,435 3,250 6,694 Substandard — — — — — 3,874 — 3,874 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — Total 14,359 25,647 15,406 8,359 5,269 12,882 21,391 103,313 Consumer Pass 232 11,857 44,691 22,508 8,777 6,836 5,557 100,458 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — 24 — 23 71 — 118 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — Total 232 11,857 44,715 22,508 8,800 6,907 5,557 100,576 Other Pass — 4,045 18,752 37 633 4,884 851 29,202 Special Mention — — 1,561 — — — — 1,561 Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — Total — 4,045 20,313 37 633 4,884 851 30,763 Total Loans $ 32,310 $ 153,551 $ 221,533 $ 170,900 $ 129,300 $ 344,457 $ 44,292 $ 1,096,343 Gross Charge Offs $ — $ — $ 26 $ 1 $ 6 $ 13 $ 17 $ 63 Classified Loans by Origination Year (as of December 31, 2023) (dollars in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Total Real Estate: Residential Pass $ 33,579 $ 49,903 $ 44,749 $ 58,344 $ 38,008 $ 104,931 $ 14,932 $ 344,446 Special Mention — 1,034 507 — — 345 — 1,886 Substandard — — — — — 1,476 — 1,476 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — Total 33,579 50,937 45,256 58,344 38,008 106,752 14,932 347,808 Commercial Pass 56,466 72,006 85,285 49,356 49,442 112,749 2,017 427,321 Special Mention 1,206 5,485 9,030 2,445 2,730 10,281 — 31,177 Substandard — — — — 2,717 5,939 — 8,656 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — Total 57,672 77,491 94,315 51,801 54,889 128,969 2,017 467,154 Construction Pass 13,322 12,469 2,932 540 — — — 29,263 Special Mention 4,489 2,153 663 6,548 — — — 13,853 Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — Total 17,811 14,622 3,595 7,088 — — — 43,116 Commercial and Industrial Pass 31,609 16,334 8,652 5,556 3,366 2,875 32,172 100,564 Special Mention — — — 12 — 3,215 3,250 6,477 Substandard — — — — — 4,237 — 4,237 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — Total 31,609 16,334 8,652 5,568 3,366 10,327 35,422 111,278 Consumer Pass 12,726 49,027 25,528 10,365 3,786 4,715 5,408 111,555 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — 24 — 64 — 88 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — Total 12,726 49,027 25,528 10,389 3,786 4,779 5,408 111,643 Other Pass 4,047 17,248 41 646 1,278 3,701 851 27,812 Special Mention — 1,585 — — — — — 1,585 Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — Total 4,047 18,833 41 646 1,278 3,701 851 29,397 Total Loans $ 157,444 $ 227,244 $ 177,387 $ 133,836 $ 101,327 $ 254,528 $ 58,630 $ 1,110,396 Gross Charge Offs $ — $ 163 $ 44 $ 18 $ 2 $ 314 $ 48 $ 589 The following tables present the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the aging categories of performing loans and nonaccrual loans as of the dates indicated: March 31, 2024 Loans Current 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days Or More Past Due Total Past Due Non- Accrual Total Loans (Dollars in Thousands) Real Estate: Residential $ 342,521 $ 2,347 $ 343 $ — $ 2,690 $ 1,727 $ 346,938 Commercial 468,920 863 303 — 1,166 344 470,430 Construction 44,323 — — — — — 44,323 Commercial and Industrial 103,313 — — — — — 103,313 Consumer 99,578 810 70 — 880 118 100,576 Other 30,763 — — — — — 30,763 Total Loans $ 1,089,418 $ 4,020 $ 716 $ — $ 4,736 $ 2,189 $ 1,096,343 December 31, 2023 Loans Current 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days Or More Past Due Total Past Due Non- Accrual Total Loans (Dollars in Thousands) Real Estate: Residential $ 342,852 $ 3,339 $ 141 $ — $ 3,480 $ 1,476 $ 347,808 Commercial 466,794 — — — — 360 467,154 Construction 43,116 — — — — — 43,116 Commercial and Industrial 110,905 57 — — 57 316 111,278 Consumer 110,459 1,010 86 — 1,096 88 111,643 Other 29,397 — — — — — 29,397 Total Loans $ 1,103,523 $ 4,406 $ 227 $ — $ 4,633 $ 2,240 $ 1,110,396 Additional interest income that would have been recorded if the loans that were nonaccrual at March 31, 2024 were current was $20,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and $33,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The following table sets forth the amounts for amortized cost basis of loans on nonaccrual status, loans past due 90 days still accruing, and categories of nonperforming assets at the date indicated. March 31, 2024 Nonaccrual With No ACL Nonaccrual With ACL Loans Past Due 90 Days Still Accruing Total Nonperforming Assets (Dollars in Thousands) Nonaccrual Loans: Real Estate: Residential $ 1,727 $ — $ — $ 1,727 Commercial 344 — — 344 Construction — — — — Commercial and Industrial — — — — Consumer 118 — — 118 Total Nonaccrual Loans $ 2,189 $ — $ — 2,189 Other Real Estate Owned: Residential — Commercial — Total Other Real Estate Owned — Total Nonperforming Assets $ 2,189 December 31, 2023 Nonaccrual With No ACL Nonaccrual With ACL Loans Past Due 90 Days Still Accruing Total Nonperforming Assets (Dollars in Thousands) Nonaccrual Loans: Real Estate: Residential $ 1,476 $ — $ — $ 1,476 Commercial 360 — — 360 Commercial and Industrial 316 — — 316 Consumer 88 — — 88 Total Nonaccrual Loans $ 2,240 $ — $ — 2,240 Other Real Estate Owned: Residential 162 Commercial — Total Other Real Estate Owned 162 Total Nonperforming Assets $ 2,402 No interest income on nonaccrual loans was recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023. All modifications and refinancing, including those with borrowers that are experiencing financial difficulty are subject to the modification guidance in ASC 310-20. Loan modifications could meet the definition of a new loan if certain terms of the loan are modified to the benefit of the lender and the modification to the terms of the loan are more than minor. Both of these criteria have to be met to define the modification as a new loan. If a loan modification meets the criteria of new loan, then the new loan should include the remaining net investment in the original loan, additional funds advanced, fees received, and direct loan origination costs with the refinancing or restructuring. Additionally, the effective interest rate should be recalculated based on the amortized cost basis of the new loan and a reassessment of contractual cash flow. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, there were no new loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The recorded investment of residential real estate loans for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process according to applicable requirements of the local jurisdiction was $1.4 million and $907,000 at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The activity in the ACL - Loans is summarized below by primary segments for the periods indicated: Real Estate Residential Real Estate Commercial Real Estate Construction Commercial and Industrial Consumer Other Total (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2023 $ 3,129 $ 2,630 $ 639 $ 1,693 $ 1,367 $ 249 $ 9,707 Charge-offs (1) — — (12) (50) — (63) Recoveries 11 — — 43 27 — 81 Provision (Recovery) for Credit Losses - Loans (307) 318 231 (137) (260) 12 (143) March 31, 2024 $ 2,832 $ 2,948 $ 870 $ 1,587 $ 1,084 $ 261 $ 9,582 Real Real Real Commercial Consumer Other Unallocated Total (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2022 $ 2,074 $ 5,810 $ 502 $ 2,313 $ 1,517 $ — $ 603 $ 12,819 Impact of ASC 326 137 (3,244) 488 (1,057) 774 120 (603) (3,385) Charge-offs — — — — (53) — — (53) Recoveries 13 — — 758 38 — — 809 Provision (Recovery) for Credit Losses - Loans (68) 490 (185) (17) (178) 38 — 80 March 31, 2023 $ 2,156 $ 3,056 $ 805 $ 1,997 $ 2,098 $ 158 $ — $ 10,270 The Company’s allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments is recognized as a liability (accrued interest payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition), with adjustments to the reserve recognized in provision for credit losses - unfunded commitments on the Consolidated Statement of Income. The Company’s activity in the allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments for the periods ended was as follows: (in thousands) Allowance for Credit Losses Balance at December 31, 2023 $ 500 Provision for Credit Losses - Unfunded Commitments 106 Balance at March 31, 2024 $ 606 (in thousands) Allowance for Credit Losses Balance at December 31, 2022 $ — Impact of CECL Adoption 718 Provision for Credit Losses - Unfunded Commitments — Balance at March 31, 2023 $ 718 |