SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNT POLICIES Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and our wholly owned subsidiaries Ondas Networks and FS Partners and our majority owned subsidiaries, Full Spectrum Holding and Ondas Network Limited. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions between these entities have been eliminated in these historical consolidated financial statements. Segment Information We operate in one business segment, which is the development, marketing and sale of wireless radio systems for secure, wide area mission-critical business-to-business networks. Use of Estimates The process of preparing financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Such management estimates include those relating to revenue recognition, inventory write-downs to reflect net realizable value, assumptions used in the valuation of stock-based awards and warrants, and valuation allowances against deferred tax assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Cash and Cash Equivalents We consider all highly liquid instruments with an original maturity of three months or less, as well as deposits in financial institutions, to be cash and cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, we had no cash equivalents. Trade Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable are stated at a gross invoice amount less an allowance for doubtful accounts. We estimate allowance for doubtful accounts by evaluating specific accounts where information indicates our customers may have an inability to meet financial obligations, such as customer payment history, credit worthiness and receivable amounts outstanding for an extended period beyond contractual terms. We use assumptions and judgment, based on the best available facts and circumstances, to record an allowance to reduce the receivable to the amount expected to be collected. These allowances are evaluated and adjusted as additional information is received. We had no allowance for doubtful accounts as of December 31, 2019 and 2018. Inventory Inventories, which consist solely of equipment components, are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or net realizable value, net of reserves for obsolete inventory. We continually analyze our slow-moving and excess inventories. Based on historical and projected sales volumes and anticipated selling prices, we established reserves. Inventory that is in excess of current and projected use is reduced by an allowance to a level that approximates its estimate of future demand. Products that are determined to be obsolete are written down to net realizable value. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, we determined that no such reserves were necessary. Inventory consists of the following: Years Ended December 31, 2019 2018 Raw material $ 372,101 $ 307,947 Finished goods 55,415 39,998 Total inventory $ 427,516 $ 347,945 Property and Equipment All additions, including improvements to existing facilities, are recorded at cost. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation of property and equipment is principally recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The estimated useful lives typically are (i) three years for equipment and software, and (ii) five years for vehicles and furniture and fixtures. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the asset. Upon the disposal of property, the asset and related accumulated depreciation accounts are relieved of the amounts recorded therein for such items, and any resulting gain or loss is recorded in operating expenses in the year of disposition. Software Costs incurred internally in researching and developing a software product are charged to expense until technological feasibility has been established for the product. Once technological feasibility is established, all software costs are capitalized until the product is available for general release to customers. Judgment is required in determining when technological feasibility of a product is established. We have determined that technological feasibility for our software products is reached after all high-risk development issues have been resolved through coding and testing. Generally, this occurs shortly before the products are released to production. There were no capitalized software costs at December 31, 2019 and 2018. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets are evaluated whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable or the useful life has changed. Such indicators include significant technological changes, adverse changes in market conditions and/or poor operating results. The carrying value of a long-lived asset group is considered impaired when the projected undiscounted future cash flows is less than its carrying value. The amount of impairment loss recognized is the difference between the estimated fair value and the carrying value of the asset or asset group. Fair market value is determined primarily using the projected future cash flows discounted at a rate commensurate with the risk involved. Based upon our evaluation, there were no impairments of long-lived assets required during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. Patents We have adopted the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other Research and Development Costs for research and development are expensed as incurred. Research and development expense consists primarily of salaries, salary related expenses and costs of contractors and materials. Fair Value of Financial Instruments Our financial instruments consist primarily of receivables, accounts payable, accrued expenses and short and long-term debt. The carrying amount of receivables, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximates our fair value because of the short-term maturity of such instruments. We have categorized our assets and liabilities that are valued at fair value on a recurring basis into a three-level fair value hierarchy in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities (Level 1) and lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). Assets and liabilities recorded in the balance sheets at fair value are categorized based on a hierarchy of inputs, as follows: Level 1 Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 -- Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. Level 3 -- Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, we had no instruments requiring a fair value determination. The following table provides a summary of changes in fair value associated with the Level 3 liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018: Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) December 31, 2019 2018 Balance, beginning of period $ - $ (166,093 ) Issuances of derivative liability - - Reclassification to additional paid in capital - 1,141,995 Change in fair value of derivative liability - (975,902 ) Balance, end of period $ - $ - The above table of Level 3 liabilities begins with the prior period balance and adjusts the balance for changes that occurred during the current period. The ending balance of the Level 3 financial instrument presented above represent our best estimates and may not be substantiated by comparisons to independent markets and, in many cases, could not be realized in immediate settlement of the instruments. Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which the related temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized when the rate change is enacted. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that will more likely than not be realized. In accordance with GAAP, we recognize the effect of uncertain income tax positions only if the positions are more likely than not of being sustained in an audit, based on the technical merits of the position. Recognized uncertain income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which those changes in judgment occur. We recognize both interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as part of the income tax provision. Shipping and Handling We expense all shipping and handling costs as incurred. These costs are included in cost of goods sold on the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Deferred Offering Costs The Company capitalizes certain legal, professional accounting and other third-party fees that are directly associated with in-process equity financings as deferred offering costs until such financings are consummated. After consummation of the equity financing, these costs are recorded in stockholders' deficit as a reduction of additional paid-in capital generated as a result of the offering. Should the planned equity financing be abandoned, the deferred offering costs will be expensed immediately as a charge to operating expenses in the consolidated statement of operations. In accordance with this policy, for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company expensed financing costs of $919,950 and $0, respectively. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements The Company has no off-balance sheet risk such as foreign exchange contracts, option contracts, or other hedging arrangements. ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASC 606 , Revenue from Contracts with Customers Revenue Recognition Under ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue when the customer obtains control of promised products or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which is expected to be received in exchange for those products or services. The Company recognizes revenue following the five-step model prescribed under ASC 606: (i) identify contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligation(s) in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligation(s) in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the entity will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the products or services it transfers to the customer. At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, the Company assesses the products or services promised within each contract and determines those that are performance obligations and assesses whether each promised product or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied. To the extent the transaction price includes variable consideration, we estimate the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the transaction price utilizing the expected value method. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if, in our judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur. Estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of our anticipated performance and all information (historical, current and forecasted) that is reasonably available. Sales, value add, and other taxes collected on behalf of third parties are excluded from revenue. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, none of our contracts with customers included variable consideration. Contracts that are modified to account for changes in contract specifications and requirements are assessed to determine if the modification either creates new or changes the existing enforceable rights and obligations. Generally, contract modifications are for products or services that are not distinct from the existing contract due to the inability to use, consume or sell the products or services on their own to generate economic benefits and are accounted for as if they were part of that existing contract. The effect of a contract modification on the transaction price and measure of progress for the performance obligation to which it relates, is recognized as an adjustment to revenue (either as an increase in or a reduction of revenue) on a cumulative catch-up basis. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, there were no modifications to contract specifications. The Company is engaged in the development, marketing and sale of wireless radio systems for secure, wide area mission-critical business-to-business networks. We generate revenue primarily from the sale of the FullMAX System and the delivery of related services. Product revenue is comprised of sales of the Company's software defined base station and remote radios, its network management and monitoring system, and accessories. The Company's software and hardware is sold with a limited one-year basic warranty included in the price. The limited one-year basic warranty is an assurance-type warranty, is not a separate performance obligation, and thus no transaction price is allocated to it. The nature of tasks under the limited one-year basic warranty only provide for remedying defective product(s) covered by the warranty. Product revenue is generally recognized when the customer obtains control of our product, which occurs at a point in time, and may be upon shipment or upon delivery based on the contractual shipping terms of a contract, or upon installation when the combined performance obligation is not distinct within the context of the contract. Service revenue is comprised of separately priced extended warranty sales, network support and maintenance, remote monitoring, as well as ancillary services directly related to the sale of the Company's wireless communications products including wireless network design, systems engineering, radio frequency planning, software configuration, product training, installation, and onsite support. The extended warranty sold by the Company provides a level of assurance beyond the coverage for defects that existed at the time of a sale or against certain types of covered damage. The extended warranty includes 1) factory hardware repair or replacement, at our election, of the base station and remote radios, 2) software upgrades, bug fixes and new features of the radio software and NMS, 3) deployment and network architecture support, and 4) technical support by phone and email. Extended warranty, network support and maintenance, and remote monitoring revenues are recognized ratably over the term of the service contract. Ancillary service revenues are recognized at the point in time when those services have been provided to the customer and the performance obligation has been satisfied. With respect to extended warranty sales and remote monitoring, the Company applies the input method using straight-line recognition. If the customer contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. We enter into certain contracts that have multiple performance obligations, one or more of which may be delivered subsequent to the delivery of other performance obligations. We allocate the transaction price based on the estimated relative standalone selling prices of the promised products or services underlying each performance obligation. We determine standalone selling prices based on the price at which the performance obligation is sold separately. If the standalone selling price is not observable through past transactions, we estimate the standalone selling price considering available information such as market conditions and internally approved pricing guidelines related to the performance obligations. Revenue is then allocated to the performance obligations using the relative selling prices of each of the performance obligations in the contract. Our payment terms vary and range from Net 15 to Net 30 days from the date of the invoices. Disaggregation of Revenue The following tables present our disaggregated revenues by Type of Revenue and Timing of Revenue. Years Ended December 31, 2019 2018 Type of Revenue Product revenue $ 212,905 $ 125,664 Service revenue 107,478 64,365 Total revenue $ 320,383 $ 190,029 Years Ended December 31, 2019 2018 Timing of Revenue Revenue recognized point in time $ 281,333 $ 147,863 Revenue recognized over time 39,050 42,166 Total revenue $ 320,383 $ 190,029 Contract Assets and Liabilities We recognize a receivable or contract asset when we perform a service or transfer a good in advance of receiving consideration. A receivable is recorded when our right to consideration is unconditional and only the passage of time is required before payment of that consideration is due. A contract asset is recorded when our right to consideration in exchange for good or services that we have transferred to a customer is conditional on something other than the passage of time. We did not have any contract assets recorded at December 31, 2019 and 2018. We recognize a contract liability when we receive consideration, or if we have the unconditional right to receive consideration, in advance of satisfying the performance obligation. A contract liability is our obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which we have received consideration, or an amount of consideration is due from the customer. The table below details the activity in our contract liabilities during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the balance at the end of each year is reported as deferred revenue in the Company's consolidated balance sheet. Years Ended December 31, 2019 2018 Balance, beginning of year $ 20,631 $ 30,690 Additions 20,826 32,106 Transfer to revenue (39,050 ) (42,166 ) Balance, end of year $ 2,467 $ 20,631 Warranty Reserve We provide a limited one-year assurance-type warranty on our software and hardware products. The assurance-type warranty covers defects in material and wordsmanship only. If a warranted software or hardware component is determined to be defective after being tested by the Company, the Company will repair, replace or refund the price of the covered hardware and/or software to the customer (not including any shipping, handling, delivery or installation charges). We estimate, based upon a review of historical warranty claim experience, the costs that may be incurred under our warranties and record a liability in the amount of such estimate at the time a product is sold. Factors that affect our warranty liability include the number of units sold, historical and anticipated rates of warranty claims, and cost per claim. We periodically assess the adequacy of our recorded warranty liability and adjust the accrual as claims data and historical experience warrants. The Company has assessed the costs of fulfilling its existing assurance-type warranties and has determined that the estimated outstanding warranty obligation at December 31, 2019 and 2018 is immaterial to the Company's financial statements. Accounting Standard Update 2016-02, Leases Under Topic 842, operating lease expense is generally recognized evenly over the term of the lease. During 2019, the Company had operating leases primarily consisting of two office space leases in Sunnyvale, CA and one in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China (the "Chengdu Lease"). Lease costs were approximately $475,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019. In December 2019, in conjunction with the closure of Ondas Networks Limited, the Chengdu Lease was terminated. Our remaining lease terms range from 12 to 14 months. There was no sublease rental income for the year ended December 31, 2019. In January 2020, the Company entered into a sublease rental agreement for one of its leases in Sunnyvale, CA. See NOTE 13 for further details. Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. For lease agreements entered into or reassessed after the adoption of Topic 842, we combine the lease and non-lease components in determining the lease liabilities and right of use ("ROU") assets. Our lease agreements generally do not provide an implicit borrowing rate; therefore, an internal incremental borrowing rate is determined based on information available at lease commencement date for purposes of determining the present value of lease payments. We used the incremental borrowing rate on December 31, 2018 for all leases that commenced prior to that date. Lease Costs Year ended Components of total lease costs: Operating lease expense $ 593,707 Short-term lease costs (1) 46,575 Total lease costs $ 640,282 (1) Represents short-term leases which are immaterial. Lease Positions as of December 31, 2019 ROU lease assets and lease liabilities for our operating leases were recorded in the consolidated balance sheet as follows: As of Assets: Operating lease assets $ 331,419 Total lease assets $ 331,419 Liabilities: Operating lease liabilities, current $ 489,406 Operating lease liabilities, net of current 52,449 Total lease liabilities $ 541,855 Lease Terms and Discount Rate Weighted average remaining lease term (in years) – operating lease 1.1 Weighted average discount rate – operating lease 14 % Cash Flows Year ended Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows for operating leases $ 570,568 Undiscounted Cash Flows Future lease payments included in the measurement of lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019, as follows: Years ending December 31, 2020 $ 531,166 2021 57,153 Thereafter - Total future minimum lease payments 588,319 Lease imputed interest (46,464 ) Total $ 541,855 In March 2019, one of our long-term operating leases was abandoned and the likelihood of entering into a sublease agreement for the property was minimal; therefore, the Right to Use Asset value of $259,962 was considered impaired and the amount was charged to asset impairment on the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. Net Loss Per Common Share Net loss per share for all periods presented is based on the equity structure of the legal acquirer, which assumes common stock is outstanding and is reflected on a retrospective basis for all periods presented. Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average shares of common stock outstanding for each period. Diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share since the Company has net losses for each period presented. The following potentially dilutive securities for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share because the effect of their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. Years Ended December 31, 2019 2018 Warrants to purchase common stock 4,771,417 - Options to purchase common stock 675,000 - Restricted stock purchase offers 383,478 - Convertible debt - 140,678 Total potentially dilutive securities 5,829,895 140,678 Debt Issuance Costs Debt issuance costs represent costs incurred for the issuance of debt. Once the associated debt instrument is issued, these costs would be recorded as a debt discount and amortized using the effective interest method over the term of the related debt instrument. Upon abandonment of a pending financing transaction, the related deferred financing costs are charged to interest expense. Concentrations of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash and accounts receivable. Cash is deposited with a limited number of financial institutions. The balances held at any one financial institution may be in excess of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insurance limits. Credit is extended to customers based on an evaluation of their financial condition and other factors. We generally do not require collateral or other security to support accounts receivable. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts and sales credits. Concentration of Customers Because we have only recently invested in our customer service and support organization, a small number of customers have accounted for a substantial amount of our revenue. The table below sets forth the Company's customers that accounted for greater than 10% of its revenues for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively: Years Ended December 31, Customer 2019 2018 A 45 % 17 % B 18 % 76 % C 36 % 0 % 100% of the Company's accounts receivable balance at December 31, 2019 was held by a customer with less than 5% of the Company's revenue for the year ended December 31, 2019. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In June 2018, the FASB Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11 ("ASU 2017-11"), Earnings Per Share ("Topic 260"), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity Derivatives and Hedging In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The standard's core principle is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In doing so, companies will need to use more judgment and make more estimates than under previous guidance. These may include identifying performance obligations in the contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price and allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation. In July 2015, the FASB approved the proposal to defer the effective date of ASU 2014-09 standard by one year. In 2016, the FASB issued final amendments to clarify the implementation guidance for principal versus agent considerations (ASU 2016-08), accounting for licenses of intellectual property and identifying performance obligations (ASU 2016-10), narrow-scope improvements and practical expedients (ASU 2016-12) and technical corrections and improvements to Topic 606 (ASU 2016-20) in its new revenue standard. The guidance is effective for public entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods therein. Our services are performed over the term of our contracts and customers are billed for those services as they are performed on a monthly basis. Revenue is recognized each month for the services that have been provided to our customers. Additionally, we do not have significant exposure related to uncollectible accounts. We have performed a review of the requirements of the new revenue standard and have performed our analysis of our customer contracts on a portfolio basis (by each hospital group) utilizing the five-step model of the new standard. We have compared the results of our analysis to our current accounting practices. We adopted Topic 606 on January 1, 2018 using the full retrospective transition method for recognizing revenue. The adoption of Topic 606 represents a change in accounting principle that will more closely align revenue recognition with the delivery of our services to our customers and will provide financial statement readers with enhanced disclosures. The adoption of this standard did not have a material effect on the timing and recognition of revenue for the services provided to our customers. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-11, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, In August 2018, the FASB, issued ASU, 2018-13 that eliminates certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements for all entities, requires public entities to disclose certain new information and modifies some disclosure requirements. The FASB developed the amendments to ASC 820 as part of its broader disclosure framework project, which aims to improve the effectiveness of disclosures in the notes to financial statements by focusing on requirements that clearly communicate the most important information to users of the financial statements. The new guidance is effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and for interim periods within those fiscal years. An entity is permitted to early adopt either the entire standard or only the provisions that eliminate or modify requirements. We are currently evaluating the effect of this guidance on our disclosures. |