Ondas (ONDS) S-1/AIPO registration (amended)

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 17, 2020

Registration No. 333-249658

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Amendment No. 1 to

FORM S-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

165 Gibraltar Court

Sunnyvale, California 94089

(888) 350-9994

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including

area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

Eric A. Brock

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Ondas Holdings Inc.

165 Gibraltar Court Sunnyvale, CA 94089

(888) 350-9994

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone

number, including area code, of agent for service)

With copies to:

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. ☐

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐

Calculation of Registration Fee

The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act, or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

Subject to completion, dated November 17, 2020

The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

$      

Common Stock

We are offering           shares of our common stock of Ondas Holdings Inc. at an assumed offering price of $            per share (based on the last reported sale price of our common stock on OTCQB (as defined below) on            , 2020).

Our common stock is quoted on the OTCQB of OTC Markets Group, Inc. (the “OTCQB”), under the symbol “ONDS,” and, to date, has traded on a limited basis. As of November 16, 2020, the last reported sale price of our common stock on OTCQB Market was $14.00. We have applied to list our common stock on The Nasdaq Stock Market (the “Nasdaq”) under the symbol “ONDS.” 

We are an “emerging growth company” under applicable Securities and Exchange Commission rules and will be subject to reduced public company reporting requirements.

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors,” beginning on page 13.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The underwriters expect to deliver the shares of common stock to investors on or about            , 2020.

 Sole Book-Running Manager

Oppenheimer & Co.

Lead Manager

National Securities Corporation 

Co-Managers

The date of this prospectus is , 2020

TABLE OF CONTENTS

We have not authorized anyone to provide any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectuses we have prepared. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the shares offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. The information contained in this prospectus is current only as of its date.

For investors outside the United States: We have not, and the underwriters have not, done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than the United States. Persons outside of the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of the shares of common stock and the distribution of this prospectus outside of the United States.

Market and Other Industry Data

Unless otherwise indicated, market data and certain industry forecasts used throughout this prospectus were obtained from various sources, including internal surveys, market research, consultant surveys, publicly available information and industry publications and surveys. Industry surveys, publications, consultant surveys and forecasts generally state that the information contained therein has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but that the accuracy and completeness of such information is not guaranteed. We have not independently verified any of the data from third-party sources nor have we ascertained the underlying economic assumptions relied upon therein. Similarly, internal surveys, industry forecasts and market research, which we believe to be reliable based upon our management’s knowledge of the industry, have not been independently verified. The future performance of the industry and markets in which we operate and intend to operate is necessarily subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described in the sections titled “Risk Factors” and “Special Note Regarding Forward-looking Statements” and elsewhere in this prospectus. These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in these publications and reports.

RISK FACTORS

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Before you invest in our common stock, you should carefully consider the following risks, as well as general economic and business risks, and all of the other information contained in this registration statement. Any of the following risks could harm our business, operating results and financial condition and cause the trading price of our common stock to decline, which would cause you to lose all or part of your investment. When determining whether to invest, you should also refer to the other information contained in this prospectus, including our financial statements and the related notes thereto.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

We have incurred significant operating losses since inception and cannot assure you that we will ever achieve or sustain profitability.

Since our inception, we have incurred significant net losses. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $61 million and $52 million, respectively. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through sales of our equity securities and debt financings.

We have never been profitable and do not expect to be profitable in the foreseeable future. We expect our expenses to increase significantly as we pursue our growth strategy. The extent of our future operating losses and the timing of profitability are highly uncertain, and we expect to continue incurring significant expenses and operating losses over the next several years. Any additional operating losses may have an adverse effect on our stockholders’ equity and the price of our common stock, and we cannot assure you that we will ever be able to achieve profitability.

Even if we achieve profitability, we may not be able to sustain or increase such profitability. Additionally, our costs may increase in future periods and we may expend substantial financial and other resources on, among things, sales and marketing, the hiring of additional officers, employees, contractors and other service providers, and general administration, which may include a significant increase in legal and accounting expenses related to public company compliance, continued compliance and various regulations applicable to our business or arising from the growth and maturity of our company. Our failure to become and remain profitable would depress the value of our company and could impair our ability to raise capital, expand our business, maintain our development efforts, obtain regulatory approvals, diversify our product and service offerings or continue our operations, and may cause the price of our common stock to decline.

The IEEE 802.16s wireless broadband standard is newly published and adoption of this standard by customers in our target critical infrastructure sectors is uncertain.

The IEEE 802.16s wireless broadband standard was published in October 2017. In addition, we are currently the only manufacturer of IEEE 802.16s compliant equipment. The benefit of the standard to buyers of our equipment are greater when there exists a large, deep market in terms of the number of customers. A large market benefits from the scale provided such that many vendors can compete on service, price and quality of solution driving improved value for customers. If a large end market doesn’t develop and customers don’t see the related benefits from the standard, we may not be able to grow our business.

Our growth depends in part on the success of our strategic partnerships with third parties such as Siemens Mobility as well as on our ability to establish a broad range of additional ecosystem relationships with leading global industrial vendors.

In order to grow our business, we depend on partnerships with market leading technology and industrial companies such as Siemens Mobility to accelerate the adoption of our wireless technology. If we are unsuccessful in maintaining our partnerships with third parties, including Siemens Mobility, or if our partnerships do not provide us the anticipated benefits, our ability to compete in the marketplace or to grow our revenue could be impaired and our operating results may suffer. In addition, adoption of our FullMAX wireless platform requires us to establish additional ecosystem relationships with leading global industrial vendors. Even if we are successful in executing these partnerships and integrating with additional ecosystem vendors, we cannot assure you that these partnerships and relationships will result in increased adoption of our technology or increased revenue.

While we have historically worked with electrical utilities, we are currently expanding into new vertical end markets such as water utilities, oil and gas and transportation, in which we have limited prior operating history. Failure to establish ourselves in these new markets can have a material adverse effect on our business prospects.

We have historically worked with and geared our product offerings to the requirements of the electrical utilities and other suppliers of electrical power. We have in the past few years expanded our product design and development efforts to address the needs of other mission critical infrastructures, such as water utilities, oil and gas production and transportation. Achieving market acceptance in these new markets, of which no assurance can be provided, is critical to our success, and accordingly, failure to establish ourselves in these new markets may materially adversely affect our business or operating results.

Failure to manage our planned growth could place a significant strain on our resources.

Our ability to successfully implement our business plan requires an effective plan for managing our future growth. We plan to increase the scope of our operations. Current and future expansion efforts will be expensive and may significantly strain our managerial and other resources and ability to manage working capital. To manage future growth effectively, we must manage expanded operations, integrate new personnel and maintain and enhance our financial and accounting systems and controls. If we do not manage growth properly, it could harm our business, financial condition or results of operations and make it difficult for us to satisfy our debt obligations.

We may be unsuccessful in achieving our organic growth strategies, which could limit our revenue growth or financial performance. Our ability to generate organic growth will be affected by our ability to, among other things:

Many of the factors affecting our ability to generate organic growth may be beyond our control, and we cannot be certain that our strategies for achieving internal growth will be attempted, realized or successful.

If we fail to retain our existing customers or do not acquire new customers in a cost-effective manner, our revenue may decrease and our business, financial condition or results of operations may be harmed.

We believe that our success is dependent on our ability to continue identifying and anticipating the needs of our customers, to retain our existing customers and to add new customers. For example, we launched a business expansion plan in 2018 to leverage our FullMAX platform and penetrate the large, critical infrastructure end markets we target and grew our dedicated sales resources to broaden our marketing efforts into new industries and sectors. As a result, we have significantly increased customer engagement in the transportation, oil and gas, security and UAS end markets, and we expect that our qualified customer pipeline will increase throughout 2020 and beyond. However, as we become larger through organic growth, the growth rates for customer engagement, project volume and average spend per customer may slow, even if we continue to add customers on an absolute basis. In addition, the costs associated with customer retention may be substantially lower than costs associated with the acquisition of new customers. Therefore, our failure to retain existing customers, even if such losses are offset by an increase in revenue resulting from the acquisition of new customers, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Additionally, while a key part of our business strategy is to add customers in our existing geographic markets, we may expand our operations into new geographic markets. In doing so, we may incur losses or otherwise fail to enter new markets successfully. Our expansion into new markets may place us in unfamiliar and competitive environments and involve various risks, including the need to invest significant resources and the possibility that returns on such investments will not be achieved for several years or at all.

Any outbreak or worsening of an outbreak of contagious diseases, or other adverse public health developments, could have a material and adverse effect on our business operations, financial condition and results of operations.

Any outbreak or worsening of an outbreak of contagious diseases, or other adverse public health developments, could have a material and adverse effect on our business operations, financial condition and results of operations. For example, in December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”) was identified in Wuhan, China, and has subsequently spread to other regions of the world, and has resulted in increased travel restrictions, business disruptions and emergency quarantine measures across the world including the United States. The Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations were impacted from the COVID-19 pandemic during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 as follows:

In the first quarter of 2020, we reduced our business activity to critical operations only, and furloughed 80% of our workforce. Per orders issued by the Health Officer of the County of Santa Clara, our corporate headquarters were closed, except for functions related to the support of remote workers and product support related to the essential transportation sector. On May 13, 2020, we reopened our corporate headquarters and as of September 30, 2020 we have no employees remaining on furlough. Of the 18 employees previously furloughed, 14 are currently employed by us.

Additionally, on March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) was enacted. The CARES Act is an approximately $2 trillion emergency economic stimulus package in response to the COVID-19 outbreak, which among other things contains numerous income tax provisions. Some of these tax provisions are expected to be effective retroactively for years ending before the date of enactment. The Company applied for, and received, funds under the Paycheck Protection Program after the period end in the approximate amount of $666,000. The application for these funds requires the Company to, in good faith, certify that the current economic uncertainty made the loan request necessary to support operations of the Company.

The Company expects its business, financial condition and results of operations will be impacted from the COVID-19 pandemic for the remainder of 2020 primarily due to the deferral of customer activity from the first half of the year. Further, the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing and remains an unknown risk for the foreseeable future. The extent to which the coronavirus may impact our business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of the coronavirus.  As a result, the Company is unable to reasonably estimate the full extent of the impact from the COVID-19 pandemic on its future business, financial condition and results of operations. The Company may also be unable to comply with the financial and other material covenants under its debt agreements and may not be able to negotiate waivers or amendments to such debt agreements in order to maintain ongoing compliance. In addition, if the Company were to experience any new impact to its operations, or incur additional unanticipated costs and expenses as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, such operational delays and unanticipated costs and expenses there could be a further adverse impact on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations in 2020 and 2021.

We have significant dependence on a small number of customers, and the loss of such customers or a decrease in business conducted with such customers could materially harm our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Because we have only recently invested in our customer service and support organization, a small number of customers have accounted for a substantial amount of our revenue. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, two customers accounted for approximately $993,000 and $866,000 of our revenue, or approximately 98%. During the year ended December 31, 2019, three customers accounted for approximately $144,000, $115,000 and $56,000 of our revenue, or approximately 45%, 36% and 18%, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2018, two customers accounted for approximately $145,000 and $32,000 of our revenue or 76% and 17%, respectively. No other customers provided more than 10% of our revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, or the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. The loss of these customers or a decrease in the business conducted with such customers could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations. 

Project performance delays or difficulties, including those caused by third parties, or certain contractual obligations may result in additional costs to us, reductions in revenues or the payment of liquidated damages.

Many projects involve challenging engineering, construction or installation phases that may occur over extended time periods. We may encounter difficulties as a result of delays or changes in designs, engineering information or materials provided by our customer or a third party, delays or difficulties in equipment and material delivery, schedule changes, delays from our customer’s failure to timely obtain permits or meet other regulatory requirements, weather-related delays and other factors, many of which are beyond our control, that impact our ability to complete the project in accordance with the original delivery schedule. In addition, we contract with third-party subcontractors to assist us with the completion of contracts. Any delay or failure by suppliers or by subcontractors in the completion of their portion of the project may be beyond our control and may result in delays in the overall progress of the project or may cause us to incur additional costs, or both. Delays and additional costs may be substantial and, in some cases, we may be required to compensate the customer for such delays. Delays may also disrupt the final completion of our contracts as well as the corresponding recognition of revenues and expenses therefrom. In certain circumstances, we guarantee project completion by a scheduled acceptance date or achievement of certain acceptance and performance testing levels; failure to meet any of our guarantees, schedules or performance requirements could also result in additional costs or penalties to us, including obligations to pay liquidated damages, and such amounts could exceed expected project profit. In extreme cases, the above-mentioned factors could cause project cancellations, and we may be unable to replace such projects with similar projects or at all. Such delays or cancellations may impact our reputation, brand or relationships with customers, adversely affecting our ability to secure new contracts.

Our contractors may fail to satisfy their obligations to us or other parties, or we may be unable to maintain these relationships, either of which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We depend on third party contractors to complete manufacturing, certain research and development and deployment functions. There is a risk that we may have disputes with contractors arising from, among other things, the quality and timeliness of work performed by the contractor, customer concerns about the contractor or our failure to extend existing task orders or issue new task orders. In addition, if any of our contractors fail to deliver on a timely basis the agreed-upon supplies and/or perform the agreed-upon services, then our ability to fulfill our obligations may be jeopardized. In addition, the absence of qualified contractors with whom we have a satisfactory relationship could adversely affect the quality of our service and our ability to perform under some of our contracts. Any of these factors may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Material delays or defaults in customer payments could leave us unable to cover expenditures related to such customer’s projects, including the payment of our subcontractors.

Because of the nature of most of our contracts, we commit resources to projects prior to receiving payments from our customers in amounts sufficient to cover expenditures as they are incurred. In certain cases, these expenditures include paying our contractors and purchasing parts. If a customer defaults in making its payments on a project or projects to which we have devoted significant resources, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Certain of our officers, employees, contractors and other service providers may work on projects that are inherently dangerous, and a failure to maintain a safe worksite could result in significant losses.

Certain of our project sites can place our officers, employees, contractors and other service providers and others, including third parties, in difficult or dangerous environments, and may involve difficult and hard to reach terrain, high elevation, or locations near large or complex equipment, moving vehicles, high voltage or other safety hazards or dangerous processes. Safety is a primary focus of our business and maintaining a good reputation for safety is critical to our business. Many of our customers require that we meet certain safety criteria to be eligible to bid on contracts. We maintain programs with the primary purpose of implementing effective health, safety and environmental procedures throughout our company. Maintaining such programs involves variable costs which may increase as governmental, regulatory and industry safety standards evolve, and any increase in such costs may materially affect or business, financial condition or results of operations. Further, if we fail to implement appropriate safety procedures or if our procedures fail, our officers, employees, contractors and other service providers, including third parties, may suffer injuries. Failure to comply with such procedures, client contracts or applicable regulations, or the occurrence of such injuries, could subject us to material losses and liability and may adversely impact our ability to obtain projects in the future or to hire and retain talented officers, employees, contractors and other services providers, therefore materially adversely affecting our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Warranty claims resulting from our services could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We generally warrant our manufactured products, including hardware and software, for a period of one year from the date of receipt of the product by the customer. After the first year, the customer can pay for extended hardware warranty and software maintenance and upgrades on an annual basis in advance. While costs that we have incurred historically under our warranty obligations have not been material, the costs associated with such warranties, including any warranty related legal proceedings, are variable and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We rely on our management team and need additional personnel to grow our business, and the loss of one or more key officers, employees, contractors and other service providers or our inability to attract and retain qualified personnel could harm our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We depend, in part, on the performance of Eric Brock, our Chief Executive Officer, Stewart Kantor, our Chief Financial Officer, Thomas Bushey, our President, and Menashe Shahar, the Chief Technology Officer of Ondas Networks, to operate and grow our business. The loss of any of Messrs. Brock, Kantor, Bushey or Shahar could negatively impact our ability to execute our business strategies. Although we have entered into employment agreements with Messrs. Brock, Kantor, Bushey and Shahar, we may be unable to retain them or replace any of them if we lose their services for any reason.

Our future success will also depend on our ability to attract, retain and motivate highly skilled management, product development, operations, sales, technical and other personnel in the United States and abroad. Even in today’s economic climate, competition for these types of personnel is intense, particularly in the Silicon Valley, where our headquarters are located. All of our employees, contractors and other service providers in the United States work for us on an at-will basis. Given the lengthy sales cycles with utilities and deployment periods of our networking platform and solutions, the loss of key personnel at any time could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Our products are subject to a lengthy sales cycle and our customers may cancel or change their product plans after we have expended substantial time and resources in the design of their products.

Many of our customers are conservative in their decision-making process. Sales cycles for new customers can vary from one to three years depending on the complexity of the customer’s network, whether the customer is subject to state regulations, and annual budget cycles. During this lengthy sales cycle, our potential customers may cancel or change their product plans. Customers may also discontinue products incorporating our devices at any time or they may choose to replace our products with lower cost semiconductors. In addition, we are working with leading customers in our target markets to define our future products. If customers cancel, reduce or delay product orders from us, or choose not to release products that incorporate our devices after we have spent substantial time and resources developing products or assisting customers with their product design, our revenue levels may be less than anticipated and our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially adversely affected.

Our ability to provide bid bonds, performance bonds or letters of credit is limited and could negatively affect our ability to bid on or enter into significant long-term agreements.

We have in the past been, and may in the future be, required to provide bid bonds or performance bonds to secure our performance under customer contracts or, in some cases, as a pre-requisite to submit a bid on a potential project. Our ability to obtain such bonds primarily depends upon our capitalization, working capital, past performance, management expertise, reputation, brand and external factors beyond our control, including the overall capacity of the surety market and general and regional economic and regulatory conditions. Surety companies consider those factors in relation to the amount of our tangible net worth and other underwriting standards that may change from time to time. Surety companies may require that we collateralize a percentage of the bond with our cash or other form of credit enhancement. Events that affect surety markets generally may result in bonding becoming more difficult to obtain in the future, or being available only at a significantly greater cost. In addition, some of our utility customers also require collateral guarantees in the form of letters of credit to secure performance or to fund possible damages as the result of an event of default under our contracts with them. If we enter into significant long-term agreements that require the issuance of letters of credit, our liquidity could be negatively impacted. Our inability to obtain adequate bonding or letters of credit and, as a result, to bid or enter into significant long-term agreements, could have a material adverse effect on our future revenues and business prospects.

Substantially all our current products depend on the availability and are subject to the use of licensed radio frequencies regulated by the FCC in the United States.

Substantially all of our current hardware products are designed to communicate wirelessly via licensed radio frequencies and therefore depend on the availability of adequate radio spectrum in order to operate. It is possible that the FCC or the U.S. Congress could adopt additional regulations or policies which are, or may change or modify current regulations or policies so that they are, harmful to our business or incompatible with our current or future product offerings, as well as products currently installed in the field. Additional regulations or policies or changes or modifications to current regulations or policies may require modification or replacement of our products, including products currently installed in the field, at significant, or even prohibitive, cost to us, and may require changes or modifications to, or termination of, ongoing or planned projects. Any of these developments could materially and adversely impact our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Our marketing efforts depend significantly on our ability to receive positive references from our existing customers.

Our marketing efforts depend significantly on our ability to call on our current and past customers to provide positive references to new, potential customers. A material portion of our current pipeline activity is concentrated in the transportation and aviation sectors. Given our limited number of customers, the loss or dissatisfaction of any customer could substantially harm our brand and reputation, inhibit the market acceptance of our products and services, and impair our ability to attract new customers and maintain existing customers. Further, as we expand into new vertical and geographic end markets, references from existing customers could be similarly important. Any of these consequences could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If our products contain defects or otherwise fail to perform as expected, we could be liable for damages and incur unanticipated warranty, recall and other related expenses, our reputation could be damaged, we could lose market share and, as a result, our financial condition or results of operations could suffer.

Our products are complex and may contain defects or experience failures due to any number of issues in design, materials, manufacture, deployment and/or use. If any of our products contain a defect, compatibility or interoperability issue or other error, we may have to devote significant time and resources to find and correct the issue. Such efforts could divert the attention of our management team and other relevant personnel from other important tasks. A product recall or a significant number of product returns could: be expensive; damage our reputation and relationships with utilities and other third-party vendors; result in the loss of business to competitors; and result in litigation against us. Costs associated with field replacement labor, hardware replacement, re-integration with third-party products, handling charges, correcting defects, errors and bugs, or other issues could be significant and could materially harm our financial results.

Estimated future product warranty claims are based on the expected number of field failures over the warranty commitment period, the term of the product warranty period, and the costs for repair, replacement and other associated costs. Our warranty obligations are affected by product failure rates, claims levels, material usage and product re-integration and handling costs.

Because our products are relatively new and we do not yet have the benefit of long-term experience observing products’ performance in the field, our estimates of a product’s lifespan and incidence of claims may be inaccurate. Should actual product failure rates, claims levels, material usage, product re-integration and handling costs, defects, errors, bugs or other issues differ from the original estimates, we could end up incurring materially higher warranty or recall expenses than we anticipate.

To date we have eliminated or limited the extent of liquidated damages and/or consequential losses from our agreements with customers. It is possible that we may not be able to achieve this in the future which could expose us to significant liabilities.

Our technology, products and services have only been developed in the last several years and we have had only limited opportunities to deploy and assess their performance in the field at full scale.

The current generation of our radio hardware and software has only been developed in the last several years and is continuing to evolve. Deploying and operating our technology is a complex endeavor and, until recently, had been done primarily by a small number of customers and primarily in the electric utility industry. As the size, complexity and scope of our deployments grow we have been able to test product performance at a greater scale and in a variety of new geographic settings and environmental conditions. As the number, size and complexity of our deployments grow and we deploy FullMAX systems for new applications in new critical infrastructure industries, we may encounter unforeseen operational, technical and other challenges, some of which could cause significant delays, trigger contractual penalties, result in unanticipated expenses, and/or damage to our reputation, each of which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we fail to respond to evolving technological changes, our products and services could become obsolete or less competitive.

Our industry is highly competitive and characterized by new and rapidly evolving technologies, standards, regulations, customer requirements, as well as frequent product introductions and revisions. Accordingly, our operating results depend upon our ability to develop and introduce new products and services, our ability to reduce production costs of our existing products. The process of developing new technologies and products is complex, and if we are unable to develop enhancements to, and new features for, our existing products and services or acceptable new products and services that keep pace with technological developments or industry standards, our products may become obsolete, less marketable and less competitive and our business, financial condition or results of operations could be significantly harmed.

We depend on our ability to develop new products and to enhance and sustain the quality of existing products.

Our growth and future success will depend, in part, on our ability to continue to design and manufacture new competitive products and to enhance and sustain the quality and marketability of our existing products. As such, we have made, and expect to continue to make, substantial investments in technology development. In the future, we may not have the necessary capital, or access to capital on acceptable terms, to fund necessary levels of research and development. Even with adequate capital resources, we may nonetheless experience unforeseen problems in the development or performance of our technologies or products. In addition, we may not meet our product development schedules and, even if we do, we may not develop new products fast enough to provide sufficient differentiation from our competitors’ products, which may be more successful.

We and our customers operate in a highly regulated business environment and changes in regulation could impose costs on us or make our products less economical.

Our products and services and our utility customers are subject to federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations. Laws and regulations applicable to us and our products govern, among other things, the manner in which our products communicate, and the environmental impact and electrical reliability of our products. Additionally, our critical infrastructure customers are often regulated by national, state and/or local bodies, including public utility commissions, the Department of Energy, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, the FCC, Federal Rail Association and other bodies. Prospective customers may be required to gain approval from any or all of these organizations prior to implementing our products and services, including specific permissions related to the cost recovery of these systems. Regulatory agencies may impose special requirements for implementation and operation of our products. We may incur material costs or liabilities in complying with government regulations applicable to us or our utility customers. In addition, potentially significant expenditures could be required in order to comply with evolving regulations and requirements that may be adopted or imposed on us or our utility customers in the future. Such costs could make our products less economical and could impact our utility customers’ willingness to adopt our products, which could materially and adversely affect our revenue, results of operations and financial condition.

Furthermore, changes in the underlying regulatory conditions that affect critical infrastructure industries could have a potentially adverse effect on our customers’ interest or ability to implement our technologies. Many regulatory jurisdictions have implemented rules that provide financial incentives for the implementation of energy efficiency and demand response technologies, often by providing rebates or through the restructuring of utility rates. If these programs were to cease, or if they were restructured in a manner inconsistent with the capabilities enabled by our products and services, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be significantly harmed.

If our products do not interoperate with our customers’ other systems, the purchase or deployment of our products and services may be delayed or cancelled.

Our products are designed to interface with our customers’ other systems, each of which may have different specifications and utilize multiple protocol standards and products from other vendors. Our products will be required to interoperate with many or all of these products as well as future products in order to meet our customers’ requirements. If we find errors in the existing software or defects in the hardware used in our customers’ systems, we may need to modify our products or services to fix or overcome these errors so that our products will interoperate with the existing software and hardware, which could be costly and negatively affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. In addition, if our products and services do not interoperate with our customers’ systems, customers may seek to hold us liable, demand for our products could be adversely affected or orders for our products could be delayed or cancelled. This could hurt our operating results, damage our reputation or brand, and seriously harm our prospects, business, financial condition or results of operations.

Cyberattacks through security vulnerabilities could lead to disruption of business, reduced revenue, increased costs, liability claims, or harm to our reputation or competitive position.

Security vulnerabilities may arise from our hardware, software, employees, contractors or policies we have deployed, which may result in external parties gaining access to our networks, datacenters, cloud datacenters, corporate computers, manufacturing systems, and or access to accounts we have at our suppliers, vendors, and customers. They may gain access to our data or our users’ or customers’ data, or attack the networks causing denial of service or attempt to hold our data or systems in ransom. The vulnerability could be caused by inadequate account security practices such as failure to timely remove employee access when terminated. To mitigate these security issues, we have implemented measures throughout our organization, including firewalls, backups, encryption, employee information technology policies and user account policies. However, there can be no assurance these measures will be sufficient to avoid cyberattacks. If any of these types of security breaches were to occur and we were unable to protect sensitive data, our relationships with our business partners and customers could be materially damaged, our reputation could be materially harmed, and we could be exposed to a risk of litigation and possible significant liability.

Further, if we fail to adequately maintain our infrastructure, we may have outages and data loss. Excessive outages may affect our ability to timely and efficiently deliver products to customers or develop new products and solutions. Such disruptions and data loss may adversely impact our ability to fulfill orders, patent our intellectual property or protect our source code, and interrupt other processes. Delayed sales or lost customers resulting from these disruptions could adversely affect our financial results, stock price and reputation.

Unauthorized use or disclosure of, or access to, any personal information maintained by us or on our behalf, whether through breach of our systems, breach of the systems of our suppliers or vendors by an unauthorized party, or through employee or contractor error, theft or misuse, or otherwise, could harm our business. If any such unauthorized use or disclosure of, or access to, such personal information was to occur, our operations could be seriously disrupted, and we could be subject to demands, claims and litigation by private parties, and investigations, related actions, and penalties by regulatory authorities. In addition, we could incur significant costs in notifying affected persons and entities and otherwise complying with the multitude of foreign, federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the unauthorized access to, or use or disclosure of, personal information. Finally, any perceived or actual unauthorized access to, or use or disclosure of, such information could harm our reputation, substantially impair our ability to attract and retain customers and have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We do not control certain aspects of the manufacture of our product, including the supply of key components used to build our products and we also depend on a limited number of manufacturers.

Our future success will depend significantly on the availability of key components, and our ability to manufacture our products timely and cost-effectively, in sufficient volumes, and in accordance with quality standards. Our reliance on a small number of manufacturers reduces our control over the manufacturing process, exposing us to risks, including reduced control over quality assurance, product costs and product supply including delays in transportation and delivery. Any manufacturing disruption by our usual manufacturers could impair our ability to fulfill orders. We may be unable to manage our relationships with our usual manufacturers effectively as they may experience delays, disruptions, capacity constraints or quality control problems in their manufacturing operations or otherwise fail to meet our future requirements for timely delivery. Similarly, to the extent that our usual manufacturers procure materials on our behalf, we may not benefit from any warranties received by our usual manufacturers from the suppliers or otherwise have recourse against the original supplier of the materials or even the manufacturer. In such circumstances, if the original supplier were to provide us or our usual manufacturers with faulty materials, we might not be able to recover the costs of such materials or be compensated for any damages that arise as a result of the inclusion of the faulty components in our products.

One or more of our usual manufacturers may suffer an interruption in its business, or experience delays, disruptions or quality control problems in its manufacturing operations, or seek to terminate its relationship with us, or we may choose to change or add additional manufacturers for other reasons. Additionally, we do not have long-term supply agreements with our usual manufacturers. As a result, we may be unable to renew or extend our agreement on terms favorable to us, if at all. Although the manufacturing services required to manufacture and assemble our products may be readily available from a number of established manufacturers, it may be risky, time consuming and costly to qualify and implement new manufacturer relationships.

Any of these risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may seek to grow our business through acquisitions of complementary companies, products, services or technologies, and the failure to manage acquisitions, or the failure to integrate them with our existing business, could harm our business, financial condition and operating results.

From time to time, we may consider opportunities to acquire other companies, products, services or technologies that may enhance our product platform or technology, expand the breadth of our markets or customer base, or advance our business strategies. Potential acquisitions involve numerous risks, including:

We have no current commitments with respect to any acquisition. We do not know if we will be able to identify acquisitions we deem suitable, whether we will be able to successfully complete any such acquisitions on favorable terms or at all, or whether we will be able to successfully integrate any acquired companies, products, services or technologies. Our potential inability to identify and complete such acquisitions or integrate any acquired products or technologies effectively may adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Litigation may adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

From time to time in the normal course of our business operations, we may become subject to litigation that may result in liability material to our financial condition as a whole or may negatively affect our operating results if changes to our business operations are required. The cost to defend such litigation may be significant and may require a significant diversion of our resources, and there is no guarantee that we will be able to successfully defend against any such litigation regardless of particular merits. There also may be adverse publicity associated with litigation that could negatively affect customer perception of our business, regardless of whether the allegations are valid or whether we are ultimately found liable. Insurance may not be available on favorable terms, at all, or in sufficient amounts to cover any liabilities with respect to these or other matters. A judgment or other liability in excess of our insurance coverage for any claims could adversely affect our business, financial condition and the results of our operations.

Risks Related to our Intellectual Property

Our ability to protect our intellectual property and proprietary technology is uncertain.

We rely primarily on patent, trademark and trade secret laws, as well as confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements, to protect our proprietary technologies and intellectual property. As of this filing, we held a total of six issued patents in the U.S., seven patent pending applications in the U.S., and one international pending patent application. Our patents expire between 2030 and 2037, subject to any patent extensions that may be available for such patents.

We have applied for patent protection relating to certain existing and proposed products and processes. Currently, several of our issued U.S. patents as well as various pending U.S. and foreign patent applications relate to our FullMAX systems, and are therefore important to the functionality of our products. If we fail to timely file a patent application in any jurisdiction, we may be precluded from doing so at a later date. Furthermore, we cannot assure you that any of our patent applications will be approved in a timely manner or at all. The rights granted to us under our patents, and the rights we are seeking to have granted in our pending patent applications, may not be meaningful or provide us with any commercial advantage. In addition, those rights could be opposed, contested or circumvented by our competitors, or be declared invalid or unenforceable in judicial or administrative proceedings. The failure of our patents to adequately protect our technology might make it easier or cheaper for our competitors to offer the same or similar products or technologies. Even if we are successful in receiving patent protection for certain products and processes, our competitors may be able to design around our patents or develop products that provide outcomes which are comparable or superior to ours without infringing on our intellectual property rights. Due to differences between foreign and U.S. patent laws, our patented intellectual property rights may not receive the same degree of protection in foreign countries as they would in the United States. Even if patents are granted outside the U.S., effective enforcement in those countries may not be available without significant cost and time expense or at all.

We rely on our trademarks and trade names to distinguish our products from the products of our competitors. Third-parties may challenge our use of the trademarks. In the event that our trademarks are successfully challenged, we could be forced to rebrand our products, which could result in loss of brand recognition, and could require us to devote additional resources to marketing new brands. Further, we cannot assure you that competitors will not infringe upon our trademarks, or that we will have adequate resources to enforce our trademarks.

We also rely on trade secrets, know-how and technology, which are not protectable by patents, to maintain our competitive position. We try to protect this information by entering into confidentiality agreements and intellectual property assignment agreements with our officers, employees, contractors and other service providers regarding our intellectual property and proprietary technology. In the event of unauthorized use or disclosure or other breaches of those agreements, we may not be provided with meaningful protection for our trade secrets or other proprietary information. In addition, our trade secrets may otherwise become known or be independently discovered by competitors. To the extent that our commercial partners, collaborators, officers, employees, contractors and other service providers use intellectual property owned by others in their work for us, disputes may arise as to the rights in the related or resulting know-how and inventions. If any of our trade secrets, know-how or other technologies not protected by a patent were to be disclosed to or independently developed by a competitor, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

If a competitor infringes upon one of our patents, trademarks or other intellectual property rights, enforcing those patents, trademarks and other rights may be costly, difficult and time consuming. Patent law relating to the scope of claims in the industry in which we operate is subject to rapid change and constant evolution and, consequently, patent positions in our industry can be uncertain. Even if successful, litigation to defend our patents and trademarks against challenges or to enforce our intellectual property rights could be expensive and time consuming and could divert management’s attention from managing our business. Moreover, we may not have sufficient resources or desire to defend our patents or trademarks against challenges or to enforce our intellectual property rights. Litigation also puts our patents at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly and our patent applications at risk of not issuing. Additionally, we may provoke third-parties to assert claims against us. We may not prevail in any lawsuits that we initiate and the damages or other remedies awarded, if any, may not be commercially valuable. The occurrence of any of these events may harm our business, financial condition and operating results.

Our business may suffer if it is alleged or found that our products infringe the intellectual property rights of others.

Our industry is characterized by the existence of a large number of patents and by litigation based on allegations of infringement or other violations of intellectual property rights. Moreover, in recent years, individuals and groups have purchased patents and other intellectual property assets for the purpose of making claims of infringement in order to extract settlements from companies like ours. To date we have received no claims with respect to our infringement of intellectual property or patents but, in the future, third parties may claim that we are infringing upon their patents or other intellectual property rights. In addition, we may be or may become contractually obligated to indemnify our utility customers or other third parties that use or resell our products in the event our products are alleged to infringe a third-party’s intellectual property rights. Responding to such claims, regardless of their merit, can be time consuming, costly to defend in litigation, divert management’s attention and resources, damage our reputation and brand, and cause us to incur significant expenses. Even if we are indemnified against such costs, the indemnifying party may be unable to uphold its contractual obligations. Further, claims of intellectual property infringement might require us to redesign affected products, delay affected product offerings, enter into costly settlement or license agreements or pay costly damage awards or face a temporary or permanent injunction prohibiting us from marketing, selling or distributing the affected products. If we cannot or do not license the alleged infringed technology on reasonable terms or at all, or substitute similar technology from another source, our revenue and earnings could be adversely impacted. Additionally, our utility customers may not purchase our products if they are concerned that our products infringe third-party intellectual property rights. This could reduce the market opportunity for the sale of our products and services. The occurrence of any of these events may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we are unable to protect the confidentiality of our proprietary information, the value of our technology and products could be adversely affected.

In addition to patented technology, we rely on our unpatented technology, trade secrets and know-how. We generally seek to protect this information by confidentiality, non-disclosure and assignment of invention agreements with our officers, employees, contractors and other service providers and with parties with which we do business. These agreements may be breached, which breach may result in the misappropriation of such information, and we may not have adequate remedies for any such breach. We cannot be certain that the steps we have taken will prevent unauthorized use or reverse engineering of our technology.

Moreover, our trade secrets may be disclosed to or otherwise become known or be independently developed by competitors. To the extent that our officers, employees, contractors, other service providers, or other third parties with whom we do business use intellectual property owned by others in their work for us, disputes may arise as to the rights in related or resulting know-how and inventions. If, for any of the above reasons, our intellectual property is disclosed or misappropriated, it would harm our ability to protect our rights and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We use open source software in our products and services that may subject our products and services to general release or require us to re-engineer our products and services, which may cause harm to our business.

We use open source software in connection with our products and services. From time to time, companies that incorporate open source software into their products have faced claims challenging the ownership of open source software and/or compliance with open source license terms. Therefore, we could be subject to suits by parties claiming ownership of what we believe to be open source software or noncompliance with open source licensing terms. Some open source software licenses require users who distribute open source software as part of their software to publicly disclose all or part of the source code to such software and/or make available any derivative works of the open source code on unfavorable terms or at no cost. While we monitor the use of open source software in our products and services and try to ensure that none is used in a manner that would require us to disclose the source code to the related product or that would otherwise breach the terms of an open source agreement, such use could inadvertently occur and we may be required to release our proprietary source code, pay damages for breach of contract, re-engineer our products, discontinue the sale of our products in the event re-engineering cannot be accomplished on a timely basis or take other remedial action that may divert resources away from our development efforts, any of which could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

Intellectual property rights do not necessarily address all potential threats to our competitive advantage.

The degree of future protection afforded by our intellectual property rights is uncertain because intellectual property rights have limitations, and may not adequately protect our business, or permit us to maintain our competitive advantage. The following examples are illustrative:

Risks Related to our Financial Results and Need for Financing

We will need to generate significant sales to achieve profitable operations.

We intend to increase our operating expenses substantially in connection with the planned expansion of our business, establishment of our sales and marketing infrastructure, our ongoing research and development activities, and the commensurate development of our management and administrative functions, but there is no guarantee that we will succeed in these endeavors. We will need to generate significant sales to achieve profitability, and we might not be able to do so. Even if we do generate significant sales, we might not be able to achieve, sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis in the future. If our sales grow more slowly than we expect, or if our operating expenses exceed our expectations, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.

We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service our indebtedness, which currently consists of the secured loans with Steward Capital.

We currently have issued secured notes to Steward Capital in the aggregate principal amount of approximately $11.3 million, pursuant to term loans under a Loan and Security Agreement, as amended, that mature September 9, 2021, or the Steward Capital Loan and Security Agreement. At September 30, 2020, the accrued interest on the secured loans was approximately $73,000. In addition, we must pay $550,000 to Steward Capital at maturity for end-of-loan and loan extension fees. Our obligations under the Steward Capital Loan and Security Agreement are secured by a first priority security interest in substantially all of our assets. The Steward Capital Loan and Security Agreement also contains certain restrictive covenants that limit our ability to incur additional indebtedness and liens, merge with other companies or consummate certain changes of control, acquire other companies, engage in new lines of business, make certain investments, pay dividends, transfer or dispose of assets, amend certain material agreements or enter into various specified transactions, as well as financial reporting requirements. We were in compliance with the affirmative and restrictive covenants as of December 31, 2019, September 30, 2020, and as of the date of this filing. We may also enter into other debt agreements in the future which may contain similar or more restrictive terms.

Our ability to make the scheduled payment to Steward Capital depends on numerous factors, including the amount of our cash reserves and our actual and projected financial and operating performance. These amounts and our performance are subject to certain financial and business factors, as well as prevailing economic and competitive conditions, some of which may be beyond our control. We cannot assure you that we will maintain a level of cash reserves or cash flows from operating activities sufficient to permit us to pay the Steward Capital secured loans when due. If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligation to Steward Capital, we may be forced sell assets or operations, seek additional capital or restructure or refinance our indebtedness. We cannot assure you that we would be able to take any of these actions, or that these actions would permit us to meet our scheduled obligation to Steward Capital. Failure to comply with the conditions of the Steward Capital Loan and Security Agreement could result in an event of default, which could result in an acceleration of amounts due under the Steward Capital Loan and Security Agreement. We may not have sufficient funds or may be unable to arrange for additional financing to repay our indebtedness and Steward Capital could seek to enforce security interests in the collateral securing such indebtedness, which would have a material adverse effect on our business.

If we do not obtain additional capital to fund our growth, operations, and obligations, our growth may be limited.

We will require additional capital to fund our growth, operations, and obligations. As our business has grown, we have managed periods of tight liquidity by accessing capital from our stockholders and their affiliates. Our capital requirements will depend on several factors, including:

We may seek additional funds through equity or debt offerings and/or borrowings under additional notes payable, lines of credit or other sources. We do not know whether additional financing will be available on commercially acceptable terms or at all, when needed. If adequate funds are not available or are not available on commercially acceptable terms, our ability to fund our operations, support the growth of our business or otherwise respond to competitive pressures could be significantly delayed or limited, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Our revenue is not predictable and recognition of a significant portion of it will be deferred into future periods.

Once a customer decides to move forward with a large-scale deployment of our products and services, the timing of and our ability to recognize related revenue will depend on several factors, some of which may not be under our control. These factors include shipment schedules that may be delayed or subject to modification, the rate at which our utility customers choose to deploy our products in their network, customer acceptance of all or any part of our products and services, our contractual commitments to provide new or enhanced functionality at some point in the future, other contractual provisions such as liquidated damages, our suppliers’ ability to provide an adequate supply of components, the requirement to obtain regulatory approval, and our ability to deliver quality products according to expected schedules. In light of these factors, the application of complex revenue recognition rules to our products and services has required us to defer, and in the future will likely continue to require us to defer, a significant amount of revenue until undetermined future periods. It may be difficult to predict the amount of revenue that we will recognize in any given period and amounts recognized may fluctuate significantly from one period to the next.

Risks Related to our Common Stock

Our ability to continue our operations requires that we raise additional capital and our operations could be curtailed if we are unable to obtain the additional funding as or when needed on terms acceptable to us or at all. As a result, our registered public accounting firm has included an explanatory paragraph relating to our ability to continue as a going concern in its report on our audited financial statements included for the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

Our ability to generate revenue and achieve profitability requires us to successfully market and secure purchase orders for our products from customers currently identified in our sales pipeline and to new customers as well. We also will be required to efficiently manufacturer and deliver equipment on those purchase orders. These activities, including our planned research and development efforts, will require significant uses of working capital through the end of 2020 and beyond. Based on our current operating plans, we believe that our existing cash at the time of this filing will only be sufficient to meet our anticipated operating needs through December 2020. Additionally, we currently do not have sufficient funds to repay our debt to Steward Capital due at maturity on September 9, 2021 and must secure additional equity or debt capital in order to repay this obligation. At the present time we have no commitments for any such funding and no assurance can be provided that we will be able to raise the needed funds on commercially acceptable terms or at all. These factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern through October 23, 2021. The financial information contained in the financial statements included in this registration statement have been prepared on a basis that assumes that we will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. This financial information and these financial statements included in this registration statement do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

We will need to raise additional financing to continue operations beyond December 2020. We will require additional funding to continue operations and realize our business objectives in the future. If we are unable to continue as a going concern in the future, we may be unable to meet our obligations under the Steward Capital secured loans, which could result in an acceleration of our obligations to repay all amounts owed thereunder, and we may be forced to liquidate our assets. In such a scenario, the values we receive for our assets in liquidation or dissolution could be significantly lower than the values reflected in our financial statements.

We identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. If we are not able to remediate the material weakness and otherwise maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, the reliability of our financial reporting, investor confidence in us and the value of our common stock could be adversely affected.

As a public company, we are required to maintain internal control over financial reporting and to report any material weaknesses in such internal controls. A material weakness is defined as a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected and corrected on a timely basis.

In connection with the annual report for the year ended December 31, 2019, we identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting related to lack of segregation of duties and accounting resources. Accordingly, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have certified that, based on their knowledge, the consolidated financial statements, and other financial information included in this registration statement, fairly present in all material respects our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows as of, and for, the periods presented in this this registration statement.

If our steps are insufficient to successfully remediate the material weakness and otherwise establish and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, the reliability of our financial reporting, investor confidence in us and the value of our common stock could be materially and adversely affected. Effective internal control over financial reporting is necessary for us to provide reliable and timely financial reports and, together with adequate disclosure controls and procedures, are designed to reasonably detect and prevent fraud. Any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations.

We have limited trading activity and a result, the price of our common stock might fluctuate significantly and you could lose all or part of your investment.

To date, our common stock has not been listed on any security exchanges, but rather has been quoted on the OTCQB. The limited trading activity and resulting volatility in the market price of our common stock may prevent you from being able to sell your shares of our common stock at or above the price you paid for your shares. The trading price of our common stock may be volatile and subject to wide price fluctuations in response to various factors, including, but not limited to:

These and other factors might cause the market price of our common stock to fluctuate unpredictably and substantially, which may negatively affect the liquidity of our common stock. In addition, in recent years, the stock market has experienced significant price and volume fluctuations. This volatility has had a significant impact on the market price of securities issued by many companies across many industries, including our industry. The changes frequently appear to occur without regard to the operating performance of the affected companies. Accordingly, the price of our common stock could fluctuate based upon factors that have little or nothing to do with our company, and these fluctuations could materially reduce our stock price.

Securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies following periods of volatility in the overall market and in the market price of a company’s securities. This litigation, if instituted against us, could result in substantial costs, divert our management’s attention and resources, and harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

We are an “emerging growth company” and, as a result of the reduced disclosure and governance requirements applicable to emerging growth companies, our common stock may be less attractive to investors.

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act and we intend to take advantage of some of the exemptions from reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including:

We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we will rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile. We may take advantage of these reporting exemptions until we are no longer an emerging growth company. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of (1) December 31, 2021, (2) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.07 billion, (3) the last day of the fiscal year in which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, which would occur if the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates exceeded $700.0 million as of the last business day of the second fiscal quarter of such fiscal year or (4) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three-year period.

Under Section 107(b) of the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We have irrevocably elected not to avail ourselves of this exemption from new or revised accounting standards and, therefore, we will be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as other public companies that are not emerging growth companies.

The Reverse Stock Split may not result in a proportional increase in the per share price of our common stock.

The effect of the Reverse Stock Split on the market price for our common stock cannot be accurately predicted. In particular, we cannot assure you that the prices for shares of the common stock after the Reverse Stock Split will increase proportionately to prices for shares of our common stock immediately before the Reverse Stock Split. The market price of our common stock may also be affected by other factors which may be unrelated to the Reverse Stock Split or the number of shares outstanding.

Furthermore, even if the market price of our common stock does rise following the Reverse Stock Split, we cannot assure you that the market price of our common stock immediately after the proposed Reverse Stock Split will be maintained for any period of time. Moreover, because some investors may view the Reverse Stock Split negatively, we cannot assure you that the Reverse Stock Split will not adversely impact the market price of our common stock. Accordingly, our total market capitalization after the Reverse Stock Split may be lower than the market capitalization before the Reverse Stock Split.

Concentration of ownership of our common stock among our existing executive officers, directors and principal stockholders may prevent new investors from influencing significant corporate decisions.

Our executive officers, directors and current beneficial owners of 5% or more of our common stock and their respective affiliates, in the aggregate, beneficially own approximately 43% of our outstanding common stock as of November 16, 2020, and as of the date of this filing. As a result, these persons, acting together, would be able to significantly influence all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election and removal of directors, any merger, consolidation, sale of all or substantially all of our assets, or other significant corporate transactions.

Some of these persons or entities may have interests different than yours. For example, they may be more interested in selling our company to an acquirer than other investors, or they may want us to pursue strategies that deviate from the interests of other stockholders.

You may experience future dilution as a result of future equity offerings.

Our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation authorize the issuance of a maximum of 116,666,667 shares of common stock. Any additional financings effected by us may result in the issuance of additional securities without stockholder approval and the substantial dilution in the percentage of common stock held by our then existing stockholders. In order to raise additional capital, we may in the future offer additional shares of our common stock or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock at prices that may be higher or lower than the price per share in this offering, and investors purchasing shares or other securities in the future could have rights superior to purchases in this offering or other existing stockholders. Also, we have reserved 3,333,334 shares of common stock for issuance pursuant to future awards under the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan. The issuance of such additional shares of common stock, or securities convertible or exchangeable into common stock, may cause the price of our common stock to decline. Additionally, if all or a substantial portion of these shares are resold into the public markets then the trading price of our common stock may decline.

Our Board may issue and fix the terms of shares of our preferred stock without stockholder approval, which could adversely affect the voting power of holders of our common stock or any change in control of our Company.

Our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation authorize the issuance of up to 10,000,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share, with such designation rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by our Board. Our Board is empowered, without the need to obtain stockholder approval, to issue shares of preferred stock with dividend, liquidation, conversion, voting or other rights which could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders of our common stock. In the event of such issuances, the preferred stock could be used, under certain circumstances, as a method of discouraging, delaying or preventing a change in control of our company.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our common stock will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business, which research and reports are not and would not be subject to our control. We currently do not have and may never obtain research coverage by securities analysts, and industry analysts that currently cover us may cease to do so. If no securities analysts commence coverage of our company, or if industry analysts cease coverage of our company, the trading price for our stock could be materially and adversely impacted. In the event we obtain securities analyst coverage, if one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our stock or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price may be materially and adversely impacted. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our stock could decrease, which might cause our stock price and trading volume to decline.

We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.

We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our capital stock nor are we under any obligation to declare or pay such cash dividends. We currently intend to retain any future earnings to fund our operations and the development and growth of our business, and we do not expect to declare or pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. Our future ability to pay cash dividends on our capital stock may be limited by any future debt instruments or preferred securities. As a result, you may only receive a return on your investment in our common stock if the market price of our common stock increases to a price above the price you paid for them and you sell such shares.

A significant portion of our total outstanding shares are restricted from immediate resale but may be sold into the market in the future. This could cause the market price of our common stock to drop significantly, even if our business is doing well.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market could occur at any time. If our stockholders sell, or the market perceives that our stockholders intend to sell, substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, the market price of our common stock could decline significantly.

Of the 19,796,154 shares of our common stock issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2020, 2,986,176 shares are freely tradable without restriction by stockholders who are not our affiliates and 16,809,978 shares are “restricted securities” as defined in Rule 144. Also, 15,188,181 restricted shares are subject to the terms of a lock up agreement entered into in connection with the Acquisition by each of the former Ondas stockholders, which lock up agreement was subsequently amended, under which these restricted shares cannot be sold until March 28, 2021.

In addition, we filed a registration statement on Form S-3, which was declared effective by the SEC on December 12, 2019, covering the resale of 2,894,862 shares of common stock and 1,447,431 shares of common stock underlying warrants held by selling stockholders (“Investor Warrants”) who participated in a private equity offering during the third and fourth quarter 2019. Pursuant to the registration statement on Form S-3, these selling stockholders may resell all or a portion of the 2,894,862 shares of common stock, and all or a portion of the 11,447,431 shares of common stock underlying the Investor Warrants after the Investor Warrants are exercised by the holders.

In addition, we filed a registration statement on Form S-8 registering the issuance of 3,333,334 shares of common stock reserved for issuance under our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan. Shares registered under this registration statement on Form S-8 are available for sale in the public market subject to vesting arrangements and exercise of options and the restrictions of Rule 144 in the case of our affiliates.

Our shares of common stock are subject to the penny stock rules.

The SEC has adopted rules that regulate broker-dealer practices in connection with transactions in penny stocks. Penny stocks are generally equity securities with a price of less than $5.00, other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or authorized for quotation on certain automated quotation systems, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system. If the price per share of our common stock continues to be is less than $5.00, our common stock will continue to be deemed a penny stock. The penny stock rules require a broker-dealer, before a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from those rules, to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document containing specified information. In addition, the penny stock rules require that before effecting any transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from those rules, a broker-dealer must make a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and receive (i) the purchaser’s written acknowledgment of the receipt of a risk disclosure statement; (ii) a written agreement to transactions involving penny stocks; and (iii) a signed and dated copy of a written suitability statement. These disclosure requirements may have the effect of reducing the trading activity in the secondary market for our common stock, and therefore stockholders may have difficulty selling their shares.

Certain provisions of our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws and Nevada law make it more difficult for a third-party to acquire us and make a takeover more difficult to complete, even if such a transaction were in the stockholders’ best interest.

Certain provisions of our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws and Nevada law make it more difficult for a third-party to acquire us and make a takeover more difficult to complete, even if such a transaction were in the stockholders’ interest. For example, Nevada law provides that approval of two-thirds of the stockholders is required to remove a director, which may make it more difficult for a third-party to gain control of the Company. This concentration of ownership limits the power to exercise control by our minority stockholders.

Our bylaws designate the Eighth Judicial District Court of Clark County of the State of Nevada as the sole and exclusive forum for certain actions, which could limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with the Company and its directors, officers, or other employees and may discourage lawsuits with respect to such claims.

Unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Eighth Judicial District Court of Clark County of the State of Nevada (the “Court”) shall be the sole and exclusive forum for any stockholder (including a beneficial owner) to bring (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any Director, officer or other employee of the Company to the Company or the Company’s stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim against the Company, any director or the Company’s officers or employees arising pursuant to any provision of the NRS, Chapters 78 or 92A of the NRS or our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation or our Bylaws, or (iv) any action asserting a claim against the Company, any director or the Company’s officers or employees governed by the internal affairs doctrine. However, each of these clauses (i) through (iv) will not apply to any claim (x) as to which the Court determines that there is an indispensable party not subject to the jurisdiction of the Court (and the indispensable party does not consent to the personal jurisdiction of the Court within ten (10) days following such determination), (y) for which the Court does not have subject matter jurisdiction, or (z) which is vested in the exclusive jurisdiction of a court or forum other than the Court, including pursuant to Section 27 of the Exchange Act, which provides for exclusive federal jurisdiction over suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. Furthermore, Section 22 of the Securities Act provides for concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder, and as such the exclusive jurisdiction clauses set forth above would not apply to such suits.

Risks Related to This Offering

Since we have broad discretion in how we use the proceeds from this offering, we may use the proceeds in ways with which you disagree.

We have not allocated the net proceeds from this offering for any specific purpose, except, subject to us receiving gross proceeds of not less than $20 million in the offering, $5 million to repay principal and accrued interests under the Steward Capital Loan and Security Agreement, that matures on September 9, 2021. Accordingly, our management will have significant flexibility in applying the net proceeds of this offering, including for any of the purposes described in the section titled “Use of Proceeds.” You will be relying on the judgment of our management with regard to the use of these net proceeds, and you will not have the opportunity, as part of your investment decision, to assess whether the proceeds are being used in ways you would agree with or ways which are likely to increase the value of your investment. Because of the number and variability of factors that will determine our use of our net proceeds from this offering, their ultimate use may vary substantially from their currently intended use. It is possible that the net proceeds will be invested in a way that does not yield a favorable, or any, return for our company or your investment. The failure of our management to use such funds effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flow.

There is a limited market for our securities, which may make it more difficult to dispose of our securities and we may fail to sustain trading on Nasdaq, which could make it more difficult for investors to sell their shares.

Our common stock is quoted on OTCQB, under the symbol “ONDS,” and, to date, has traded on a limited basis. We have applied to list our common stock on Nasdaq under the symbol “ONDS.” In the event our common stock begins trading on the Nasdaq, there can be no assurance that trading of our common stock on such market will be sustained. In the event that our common stock is not listed on Nasdaq or if we do not sustain such listing, our common stock could be quoted only on the OTC Markets. Under such circumstances, you may find it significantly more difficult to trade, or to obtain accurate quotations for our common stock and our common stock may become substantially less attractive to certain purchasers, such as financial institutions, hedge funds, and other similar investors.

A more active market for our common stock may never develop, and we are under no obligation to seek out a more active market for our common stock.

If you purchase our securities in this offering, you may incur immediate and substantial dilution in the book value of your shares. You will experience further dilution if we issue additional equity or equity-linked securities in the future.

The public offering price per share of our common stock may be substantially higher than the net tangible book value per share of our common stock immediately prior to the offering. After giving effect to the sale of              shares of our common stock in this offering, at the public offering price of $              per share, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, purchasers of our common stock in this offering will incur immediate dilution of $              per share in the net tangible book value of the common stock they acquire. For a further description of the dilution that investors in this offering may experience, see “Dilution.”

If we issue additional shares of common stock (including pursuant to the exercise of outstanding stock options or warrants), or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for shares of common stock, our stockholders, including investors who purchase shares of common stock in this offering, will experience additional dilution, and any such issuances may result in downward pressure on the price of our common stock. We also cannot assure you that we will be able to sell shares or other securities in any other offering at a price per share that is equal to or greater than the price per share paid by investors in this offering, and investors purchasing shares or other securities in the future could have rights superior to existing stockholders.

Sales of a significant number of shares of our common stock in the public markets, or the perception that such sales could occur, could depress the market price of our common stock.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public markets could depress the market price of our common stock and impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We, our directors and our executive officers have agreed not to sell, dispose of or hedge any common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of common stock during the period from the date of this prospectus continuing through and including the date 90 days after the date of this prospectus, subject to certain exceptions. The underwriters may, in their discretion, release the restrictions on any such shares at any time without notice. See “Underwriting.” We cannot predict the effect that future sales of our common stock would have on the market price of our common stock.

If the price of our common stock fluctuates significantly, your investment could lose value.

Our common stock is quoted on the OTCQB, under the symbol “ONDS,” and, to date, has traded on a limited basis. We have applied to list our common stock on Nasdaq under the symbol “ONDS.” We cannot assure you that an active public market will continue for our common stock. If an active public market for our common stock does not continue, the trading price and liquidity of our common stock will be materially and adversely affected. If there is a thin trading market or “float” for our stock, the market price for our common stock may fluctuate significantly more than the stock market as a whole. Without a large float, our common stock would be less liquid than the stock of companies with broader public ownership and, as a result, the trading prices of our common stock may be more volatile. In addition, in the absence of an active public trading market, investors may be unable to liquidate their investment in us. Furthermore, the stock market is subject to significant price and volume fluctuations, and the price of our common stock could fluctuate widely in response to several factors, including, but not limited to:

The stock market has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations in recent years that have significantly affected the quoted prices of the securities of many companies, including companies in our industry. The changes may not be possible to predict and often appear to occur without regard to specific operating performance. The price of our common stock could fluctuate based upon factors that have little or nothing to do with our company and these fluctuations could materially reduce our stock price.

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, which we refer to as the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which we refer to as the Exchange Act, that relate to future events or to our future operations or financial performance. Any forward-looking statement involves known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statement. Forward-looking statements include statements, other than statements of historical fact, about:

Words such as, but not limited to, “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “forecast,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “targets,” “likely,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “should,” “continue,” “scheduled” and similar expressions or phrases, or the negative of those expressions or phrases, are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. Although we believe that we have a reasonable basis for each forward-looking statement contained in this registration statement, we caution you that these statements are based on our estimates or projections of the future that are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, level of activity, performance, experience or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by any forward-looking statement. Actual results, level of activity, performance, experience or achievements may differ materially from those expressed or implied by any forward-looking statement as a result of various important factors, including our critical accounting policies and risks and uncertainties relating, to:

USE OF PROCEEDS

We estimate that our net proceeds from the sale of            shares of common stock in this offering will be approximately $             million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, assuming a public offering price of $             per share. If the option to purchase additional shares is exercised in full, we estimate that our net proceeds will be approximately $             million.

Each $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed public offering price of $             per share would increase or decrease the net proceeds to us from this offering by $             million, assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions. We may also increase or decrease the number of shares we are offering. Each increase (decrease) of             in the number of shares we are offering would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by $             million, assuming no change in the assumed public offering price and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions.

As of September 30, 2020, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $2.1 million. We currently expect that we will use the net proceeds from this offering, together with our existing cash and cash equivalents, as follows: (1) to continue research and development of future configurations of our FullMAX platform; (2) to build product inventory to support expected increased levels of customer sales activity; (3) subject to us receiving gross proceeds of not less than $20 million in the offering, repay approximately $5 million of principal and accrued interests under the Steward Capital Loan and Security Agreement, that matures on September 9, 2021, and (4) for other general corporate purposes. See Note 7 in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information on the Steward Capital Loan and Security Agreement.

We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, along with the net proceeds from this offering, together with interest on cash balances, will be sufficient to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements through at least the next twelve months. The amount and timing of our actual expenditures will depend upon numerous factors, including the progress of our continuing product research, development, the timing and results of our product launch, as well as any collaborations that we may enter into with third parties, and any unforeseen delays or cash needs.

Our expected use of the net proceeds from this offering represents our current intentions based upon our present plans and business conditions. The amounts and timing of our actual use of net proceeds will vary depending on numerous factors, including the progress of our continuing product research, development, the timing and results of our product launch, as well as any collaborations that we may enter into with third parties, and any unforeseen delays or cash needs. As a result, our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds, and investors will be relying on our judgment regarding the application of the net proceeds of this offering. In addition, we might decide to postpone or not pursue these certain of these activities if the net proceeds from this offering and the other sources of cash are less than, or do not last as long as, expected. We have no current understandings, agreements or commitments for any material acquisitions or licenses of any products, businesses or technologies.

Pending their use, we plan to invest the net proceeds from this offering in short- and intermediate-term, interest-bearing obligations, investment-grade instruments, certificates of deposit or direct or guaranteed obligations of the U.S. government.

MARKET FOR COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Market Information

Our common stock originally traded on OTC Markets, the OTC Pink (Current Information) tier of OTC Markets Group, Inc. under the trading symbol “ZVVT” on a very limited basis. On October 5, 2018, the trading symbol changed to “ONDS.” On December 19, 2018, our common stock started being quoted on the OTCQB under the symbol “ONDS” where it continues to trade on a very limited basis. Any over-the-counter market quotations reflect inter-dealers prices, without retail mark-up, mark-down or commission and may not necessarily represent actual transactions. We have applied to list our common stock on Nasdaq under the symbol “ONDS.”

Stockholders

As of November 13, 2020, there were 281 stockholders of record with respect to our common stock.

DIVIDEND POLICY

We have never declared nor paid any cash dividends on our capital stock. We do not intend to pay cash dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future, and currently intend to retain any future earnings to fund our operations and the development and growth of our business. In addition, the terms of our indebtedness with Steward Capital Holdings, LP prohibit us from paying cash dividends. Any future determination to declare and pay dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on various factors, including applicable laws, our results of operations, our financial condition, our capital requirements, general business conditions, our future prospects and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. Investors should not purchase our common stock with the expectation of receiving cash dividends.

CAPITALIZATION

The following table sets forth our cash and cash equivalents and capitalization as of September 30, 2020.

Our capitalization following the closing of this offering will be adjusted based on the actual public offering price and other terms of this offering determined at pricing. You should read this information together with our financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus and the information set forth under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this prospectus.

Each $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering price of $         per share would increase (decrease) the as adjusted amount of cash and cash equivalents, additional paid-in capital, total stockholders’ equity (deficit) and total capitalization by approximately $         million, assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. We may also increase or decrease the number of shares we are offering. Each increase (decrease) of         shares in the number of shares we are offering would increase (decrease) the as adjusted amount of cash and cash equivalents, additional paid-in capital, total stockholders’ equity and total capitalization by approximately $         million, assuming that the assumed public offering price remains the same, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. The as adjusted information discussed above is illustrative only and will be adjusted based on the actual public offering price and other terms of this offering determined at pricing.

The number of shares of our common stock to be outstanding after this offering is based on 20,579,633 shares of our common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2020, after giving effect to the assumptions set forth below: 

DILUTION

If you invest in our common stock, your interest will be diluted immediately to the extent of the difference between the offering price per share of our common stock and the as adjusted net tangible book value per share of our common stock immediately after this offering.

As of September 30, 2020, our historical net tangible book value was $(14,454,445) or $(0.73) per share of common stock after giving effect to the Reverse Stock Split. Historical net tangible book value per share represents the amount of our total tangible assets less total liabilities, divided by 19,796,154, the number of shares of common stock outstanding on September 30, 2020.

After giving effect to (i) the Reverse Stock Split, (ii) the sale of           shares of our common stock in this offering at the assumed offering price of $         per share after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. (iii) the repayment of approximately $5 million of principal and accrued interests under the Steward Capital Loan and Security Agreement, subject to us receiving gross proceeds of not less than $20 million in this offering, and (iv) the mandatory conversion of the Series A Preferred, our net tangible book value as of September 30, 2020 would have been $         or $         per share. This amount represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $         per share to our existing stockholders and an immediate dilution in net tangible book value of approximately $         per share to new investors purchasing shares of our common stock in this offering. We determine dilution by subtracting the net tangible book value per share after the offering from the amount of cash that a new investor paid for a share of common stock.

The following table illustrates this dilution on a per share basis:

Each $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering price of $         per share would increase (decrease) our net tangible book value after this offering by approximately $         million, or approximately $         per share, and increase (decrease) the dilution per share to new investors by approximately $         per share, assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. We may also increase or decrease the number of shares we are offering. An increase (decrease) of           shares in the number of shares offered by us would increase (decrease) our net tangible book value after this offering by approximately $         million, or $         per share, and increase (decrease) the dilution per share to new investors by approximately $         per share, assuming that the assumed public offering price remains the same, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. The information discussed above is illustrative only and will adjust based on the actual public offering price and other terms of this offering determined at pricing.

If the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full, the net tangible book value per share after giving effect to the offering would be $         per share. This represents an immediate increase in as adjusted net tangible book value of $         per share to existing stockholders and an immediate dilution in net tangible book value of per share to new investors purchasing shares of our common stock in this offering.

The following table sets forth as of September 30, 2020, on the as adjusted basis described above, the differences between the number of shares of common stock purchased from us, the total consideration paid and the weighted average price per share paid by existing stockholders and by investors purchasing shares of our common stock in this offering, after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses, at an assumed public offering price of $         per share:

(1) Represents:

Each $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering price of $         per share would increase (decrease) the total consideration paid by new investors by approximately $         million, and increase (decrease) the percentage of total consideration paid by new investors by approximately             %, assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as listed on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same. Similarly, each increase (decrease) of             shares in the number of shares of common stock offered by us would increase (decrease) the total consideration paid by new investors by approximately $         million and increase (decrease) the percentage of total consideration paid by new investors by approximately % assuming that the assumed public offering price of $         per share remains the same.

The table above assumes no exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares in this offering. If the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares is exercised in full, the number of shares of our common stock held by existing stockholders would be reduced to             % of the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding after this offering, and the number of shares of common stock held by new investors participating in the offering would be increased to              % of the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding after this offering.

The number of shares of our common stock to be outstanding after this offering is based on 20,579,633 shares of our common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2020, after giving effect to the assumptions set forth below:

If the shares described above that are reserved for issuance under our 2018 Plan are issued, or we otherwise issue additional shares of common stock in the future, there could be further dilution to investors participating in this offering. In addition, we anticipate needing to raise additional capital before generating positive cash flows and we may choose to raise additional capital because of market conditions or strategic considerations, even if we believe that we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating plans. If we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the issuance of these securities could result in further dilution to our stockholders.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion and analysis in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes to those financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 and consolidated financial statements and notes to those financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2019 included elsewhere in this Report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. See “Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information.” Our actual results may differ materially from those contained in or implied by any forward-looking statements.

Overview

On September 28, 2018, we consummated a reverse acquisition transaction to acquire a privately-held company, Ondas Networks Inc., and changed our name from “Zev Ventures Incorporated” to “Ondas Holdings Inc.” As a result, Ondas Networks Inc. (“Ondas Networks”) became our wholly owned subsidiary. We refer to this transaction as the “Acquisition.” In connection with the closing of the Acquisition, we discontinued the prior business of Zev Ventures as a reseller of sporting and concert tickets and our sole business became that of Ondas Networks.

We design, develop, manufacture, sell and support FullMAX, our patented Software Defined Radio (“SDR”) platform for secure, licensed, private wide-area broadband networks. This radio network provides point-to-multipoint, non-line of sight connectivity for industrial wireless networks. Since its inception on February 26, 2006, Ondas Networks has devoted its efforts principally to research and development and the commercialization of our FullMAX wireless technology platform. We helped create the IEEE 802.16s wireless broadband standard, which was published in the fourth quarter of 2017. In 2018, we initiated a business expansion plan designed to invest in our sales and marketing and customer support capabilities in order to build our customer base.

We have incurred significant net losses since inception. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, our accumulated deficit was approximately $61, $52 and $32 million, respectively. We expect to continue incurring substantial losses for the next several years as we continue to develop, manufacture and market our technologies. Our operating expenses are comprised of research and development expenses, general and administrative expenses, and sales and marketing expenses.

Our future capital requirements will depend upon many factors, including progress with developing, manufacturing and marketing our technologies, the time and costs involved in preparing, filing, prosecuting, maintaining and enforcing patent claims and other proprietary rights, our ability to establish collaborative arrangements, marketing activities and competing technological and market developments, including regulatory changes and overall economic conditions in our target markets.

Our business consists of a single segment of products and services, all of which are sold and provided in the United States and certain international markets.

The Acquisition

On September 28, 2018, we entered into the Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization (the “Merger Agreement”) with Zev Merger Sub, Inc. and Ondas Networks to acquire Ondas Networks. The transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement were consummated on September 28, 2018 (the “Closing”), and pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, all outstanding shares of common stock of Ondas Networks, $0.00001 par value per share, (the “Ondas Networks Shares”), were exchanged for shares of our common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (the “Company Shares”). Accordingly, Ondas Networks became our wholly-owned subsidiary and its business became the business of the Company.

At the Closing, each Ondas Networks Share outstanding immediately prior to the Closing was exchanged for 1.274 Company Shares (the “Exchange Ratio”), with all fractional shares rounded down to the nearest whole share. Accordingly, we issued an aggregate of 8,487,911 Company Shares for all of the then-outstanding Ondas Networks Shares.

In connection with the Closing, we amended and restated our articles of incorporation, effective September 28, 2018 to (i) change our name to Ondas Holdings Inc., and (ii) increase our authorized capital to 360,000,000 shares, consisting of 350,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (representing 116,666,667 shares after the Reverse Stock Split), and 10,000,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share. In connection with the Acquisition, our trading symbol changed to “ONDS” effective at the opening of business on October 5, 2018.

Also in connection with the Closing, (i) our sole director appointed additional individuals, who previously sat on the board of Ondas Networks and its chief executive officer, to serve on our Board, and our Board subsequently appointed our executive officers; (ii) the former holders of the Ondas Networks Shares executed lock-up agreements (the “Lock-Up Agreements”), which provided for an initial twelve-month lock-up period followed by a subsequent 12-month limited sale period, commencing with the date of Closing; (iii) we entered into a Common Stock Repurchase Agreement with an entity pursuant to which the entity sold an aggregate of 10,866,657 Company Shares (the “Repurchase Shares”) to us at $0.0001 per share, for an aggregate consideration of $3,260 (the Repurchase Shares were canceled and returned to our authorized but unissued shares); (iv) our Board approved, and our stockholders adopted, the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”) pursuant to which 3,333,334 Company Shares have been reserved for issuance to employees, including officers, directors and consultants; and (v) we entered into a Loan and Security Agreement with Energy Capital, a stockholder of the Company, pursuant to which Energy Capital agreed to lend the Company an aggregate principal amount of up to $10 million, subject to specified conditions.

Subsequent to the Closing, (i) the Lock-Up Agreements were amended on August 30, 2019 to delete the 12-month limited sale period making all shares locked up until September 28, 2020, and (ii) Energy Capital loaned the Company the full $10 million available under the Loan and Security Agreement. On September 27, 2019, Energy Capital, LLC entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with other subscribers in which it converted an aggregate of approximately $10,563,000 principal and interest outstanding under the Loan and Security Agreement into an aggregate of 1,408,414 Units (wherein a unit consisted of one-third of a share of common stock and one-sixth of one warrant to purchase one share of Company common stock (the “Investor Warrant”)) of the Company. At the closing of the transaction, the debt owed Energy Capital under the Loan and Security Agreement was extinguished and the Loan terminated pursuant to its terms. See NOTE 8 in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 for additional details.

Key Components of Our Results of Operations and Financial Condition

Revenues

Our revenues are derived principally from the sale of our multi-patented FullMAX wireless radio system. We also provide a warranty/maintenance program through an annual contract. The warranty/maintenance contract requires payment in full at the time of execution of the contract. Revenue from the warranty/maintenance contract is initially recorded as deferred revenue and is subsequently recorded as income spread equitably over the term of the contract. Due to the ongoing development and commercialization process of our FullMAX solutions, our revenues have historically been generated by equipment trial and pilot programs and related services, in addition to a modest number of full network deployments. We have historically had limited sales and customer service resources to support higher sales volumes. In 2018 and 2019, we expanded our sales and marketing effort across multiple industries which dramatically increased our sales pipeline and the number of customers and projects we are targeting. We expect this increased customer engagement to lead to a larger number of sales opportunities and revenue in 2020.

Cost of Sales

Our cost of sales is comprised primarily of the cost of components included in our FullMAX system and other costs associated with the assembly and delivery thereto. We expect our investment in expanding our customer sales and service efforts to lead to increased volume of FullMAX equipment sales in future periods, which will lead to higher costs of sales. Cost of sales as a percentage of revenue has historically been volatile due to low levels of revenue and can be skewed higher or lower due to the mix of high margin base station units relative to remote units sold. Higher unit sales volume will provide scale manufacturing opportunities which could lead to a decline in the cost of sales as a percentage of revenue in future periods.

General and Administration

General and administration expenses primarily include salary and benefit expense, legal and accounting services, professional services, rent and facilities costs, general liability insurances, and travel expenses. We expect these expenses to increase as a result of continued growth in headcount and support of our business and operations.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expenses primarily include salary and benefit expense, trade shows, marketing programs and promotional material, travel expenses, and the allocation of certain facility costs. We expect these expenses to increase as a result of continued growth in headcount and support of our business and operations.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses primarily include salary and benefit expense and costs for contractors engaged in research, design and development activities including intellectual property, travel expenses, and the allocation of certain facility costs. We expect our research and development costs to increase as we continue making investments in developing new products in addition to new versions of FullMAX.

Other Income (Expense)

Other income (expense) primarily includes interest expense and impairment of deferred offering and financing costs.

Results of Operations

Three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to three months ended September 30, 2019

Revenues

Our revenues were $614,026 for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to $88,132 for the three months ended September 30, 2019. Revenues during the three months ended September 30, 2020 included $245,075 for products, $16,410 for maintenance/service contracts, $351,248 for development services and $1,293 for other revenues. Revenues during the same period in 2019 included $61,182 for products and $26,950 for maintenance/service contracts.

Cost of goods sold

Our cost of sales was $365,863 for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to $15,185 for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The increase in cost of sales was a result of costs related to products totaling approximately $72,000, development services totaling approximately $273,000 and maintenance/service contracts and other revenues totaling approximately $6,000.

Gross profit

Our gross profit increased by $175,216 for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 based on the changes in revenues and costs of sales as discussed above. Gross margin for the periods in 2020 and 2019 was 40% and 83%, respectively.

Operating Expenses

Our principal operating costs include the following items as a percentage of total expense.

Operating expenses decreased by approximately $480,000, or 14% as a result of the following items:

During the three months ended September 30, 2020, with our continued reduction in business development and the continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have reduced costs compared to the same period in 2019 as detailed in the table above. These efforts to reduce spending resulted in a reduction in the major components of our operating costs for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. The increase in stock-based compensation during the three months ended September 30, 2020 is primarily a result of the vesting of previously issued restricted stock units to Mr. Bushey.

Operating Loss

As a result of the foregoing, our operating loss decreased by $654,984, or 19%, to $2,733,111 for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared with $3,388,095 for the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily as a result of reduced operating expenses and the increase in gross profit as discussed above.

Other Income (Expense), net

Other income (expense), net decreased by $1,222,795, or 67%, to $(592,769) for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared with $(1,815,564) for the three months ended September 30, 2019. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the same period in 2019, we reported a decrease in interest expense of approximately $454,000, primarily a result of certain debt instruments converted into common stock of the Company during the three months ended September 30, 2019, and a decrease in the write-off of financing costs of approximately $910,000, while interest and other income, net increased by approximately $6,000. The Company also recorded a loss on the change of fair value of a derivative liability of approximately $136,000 during the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Net Loss

As a result of the net effects of the foregoing, net loss decreased by $1,877,779, or 36%, to $3,325,880 for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared with $5,203,659 for the three months ended September 30, 2019. Net loss per share of common stock, basic and diluted, was $(0.17) for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared with approximately $(0.31) for the three months ended September 30, 2019.

Nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to nine months ended September 30, 2019

Revenues

Our revenues were $1,969,598 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to $313,583 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Revenues during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 included $1,043,585 for products, $53,500 for maintenance/service contracts, $866,119 for development services and $6,394 for other revenues. Revenues during the same period in 2019 included $212,905 for products and $100,678 for maintenance/service contracts.

Cost of goods sold

Our cost of sales was $1,087,540 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to $71,133 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase in cost of sales was primarily a result of costs related to products totaling approximately $259,000, development services totaling approximately $735,000 and maintenance/service contracts and other revenues totaling approximately $22,000.

Gross profit

Our gross profit increased by $639,608 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 based on the changes in revenues and costs of sales as discussed above. Gross margin for the periods in 2020 and 2019 was 45% and 77%, respectively.

Operating Expenses

Our principal operating costs include the following items as a percentage of total expense.

Operating expenses decreased by approximately $4,302,000, or 33% as a result of the following items:

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, with our continued reduction in business development and the continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have reduced costs compared to the same period in 2019 as detailed in the table above. These efforts to reduce spending resulted in a reduction in the major components of our operating costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. The increase in stock-based compensation during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 is primarily a result of the vesting of previously issued restricted stock units to Mr. Bushey.

Operating Loss

As a result of the foregoing, our operating loss decreased by $4,941,214, or 39%, to $7,830,293 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared with $12,771,507 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily as a result of reduced operating expenses and the increase in gross profit as discussed above.

Other Income (Expense), net

Other income (expense), net decreased by $1,833,092, or 55%, to $(1,523,413) for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared with $(3,356,505) for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the same period in 2019, we reported a decrease in interest expense of approximately $975,000, primarily a result of certain debt instruments converted into common stock of the Company during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, a decrease in the write-off of financing costs of approximately $997,000, while interest and other income, net increased by approximately $3,000. The Company also recorded a loss on the change of fair value of a derivative liability of approximately $136,000 during the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Net Loss

As a result of the net effects of the foregoing, net loss decreased by $6,774,306, or 42%, to $9,353,706 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared with $16,128,012 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Net loss per share of common stock, basic and diluted, was $(0.47) for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared with approximately $(0.96) for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Year ended December 31, 2019 compared to year ended December 31, 2018

Revenue

Revenue increased to approximately $320,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019 from approximately $190,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018. Revenues in both years were primarily generated via pilot programs and small customer deployments which increased year over year in 2019.

Cost of sales

Cost of sales increased to approximately $79,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019 from approximately $39,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018. This increase in cost of sales is a direct result of the increase in revenue during 2019.

Gross profit

Our gross profit increased to approximately $241,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019 from approximately $151,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018 based on the changes in revenue and cost of sales as discussed above. Gross margins for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were 75% and 79%, respectively.

Operating Expenses

Our principal operating costs include the following items as a percentage of total expense.

As a direct result of (i) the aforementioned Acquisition and (ii) the two $10 million dollars loan and security agreements discussed herein and in NOTE 8 in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company was able to launch its business expansion effort to open new markets for FullMAX and invest in product development programs, through significant increases in human resources costs and professional and consulting costs.

Operating expenses changed by approximately $7,027,000 (82%) as a result of the following items:

Operating Loss

As a result of the foregoing, our operating loss increased approximately $6,936,000, or 82%, to approximately $15,372,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared with approximately $8,436,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily as a result of increases associated with administrative support and increased spending as we ramp up our sales and marketing and research and development efforts.

Other Income (Expense)

Other expense increased by approximately $357,000, or 10%, to approximately $4,018,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared with approximately $3,661,000 for the comparable period in 2018.

Net Loss

Because of the net effects of the foregoing, net loss increased approximately $7,293,000, or 60%, to approximately $19,390,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared with approximately $12,097,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018. Net loss per share of common stock, basic and diluted, was ($0.37) for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared with ($0.42) per share of common stock for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Summary of (Uses) and Sources of Cash

The principal use of cash in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was to fund the Company’s current expenses primarily related to sales and marketing and research and development activities necessary to allow us to service and support customers. The decrease in cash flows used in operating activities of approximately $6,400,000 is primarily a result of a reduced headcount, reduced travel and entertainment expense and lower product development spending. Cash flows used in investing activities decreased by approximately $400,000 primarily due to a reduction in capital spending. The decrease in cash provided by financing activities of approximately $10,300,000 is a result of a reduction in funding activities partially offset by funds provided by the Payroll Protection Program of $666,091 and the sale of Preferred Stock, net of costs of $4,217,969, as described below.

In August 2020, the Company entered into securities purchase agreements with certain purchasers, which provided for the sale of an aggregate of $4.435 million of the Company’s Series A Preferred at a cash purchase price of $2.00 per share (the “Purchase Price”) (the “2020 Offering”). Pursuant to the purchase agreements, the Company issued an aggregate of 2,217,500 shares of Series A Preferred to the investors, which Series A Preferred will mandatorily convert into common stock in connection with this offering. In connection with the 2020 Offering, Eric Brock, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer purchased 157,500 shares of Series A Preferred. The aggregate gross proceeds to the Company from the 2020 Closing was $4.435 million. After payment of offering expenses, the net proceeds to the Company from the 2020 Closing was approximately $4.22 million.

For a summary of our outstanding short-term and long-term loans, see NOTES 7 and 8 in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.

The principal use of cash in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2019 was to fund the Company’s current expenses primarily related to sales and marketing and research and development activities necessary to allow us to service and support a higher level of business activity as we expanded into new industry and geographic markets. The increase in cash flows used in operating activities of approximately $6,148,000 is primarily a result of the addition of personnel, both employees and third-party consulting services. The decrease in cash flows used in investing activities of approximately $275,000 is primarily a result of a decrease in the purchase of equipment partially offset by the purchase of wireless spectrum licenses. The increase in cash provided by financing activities is primarily a result of the Company’s private placement of its common stock totaling $6,110,000, net of closing fees (see NOTE 9 in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 for further details).

For a summary of our outstanding Notes Payable and Other Financing Agreements and Secured Promissory Note, see NOTES 7 and 8 in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have incurred losses since inception and have funded our operations primarily through debt and the sale of capital stock. As of September 30, 2020, we had a stockholders’ deficit of approximately $13,700,000. As of September 30, 2020, we had net short and long-term borrowings outstanding of approximately $11,800,000 and $600,000, respectively. As of September 30, 2020, we had cash of approximately $2,100,000 and a working capital deficit of approximately $14,100,000.

Our future capital requirements will depend upon many factors, including progress with developing, manufacturing and marketing our technologies, the time and costs involved in preparing, filing, prosecuting, maintaining and enforcing patent claims and other proprietary rights, our ability to establish collaborative arrangements, marketing activities and competing technological and market developments, including regulatory changes and overall economic conditions in our target markets. Our ability to generate revenue and achieve profitability requires us to successfully market and secure purchase orders for our products from customers currently identified in our sales pipeline, as well as new customers. We also will be required to efficiently manufacturer and deliver equipment on those purchase orders. These activities, including our planned research and development efforts, will require significant uses of working capital through the end of 2020 and beyond. Based on our current operating plans, we believe that our existing cash at the time of this filing, and cash received under the Paycheck Protection Program (see NOTE 8 in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 for further details) will only be sufficient to meet our anticipated operating needs through December 2020.

As of September 30, 2020, excluding operating lease liabilities, the outstanding amount, including principal, accrued interest, accredited costs, net of debt discount, of indebtedness was $12,527,453, summarized in the table below. See NOTES 7 and 8 in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for further details.

In August 2020, the Company entered into securities purchase agreements with certain purchasers, which provided for the sale of an aggregate of $4.435 million of the Company’s Series A Preferred at a cash purchase price of $2.00 per share (the “Purchase Price”) (the “2020 Offering”). Pursuant to the purchase agreements, the Company issued an aggregate of 2,217,500 shares of Series A Preferred to the investors. In connection with the 2020 Offering, Eric Brock, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer purchased 157,500 shares of Series A Preferred. The aggregate gross proceeds to the Company from the 2020 Closing was $4.435 million. After payment of offering expenses, the net proceeds to the Company from the 2020 Closing was approximately $4.21 million.

Accounting standards require management to evaluate the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of one year subsequent to the date of the filing of this Registration Statement (“evaluation period”). As such, we have evaluated if cash on hand and cash generated through operating activities would be sufficient to sustain projected operating activities through October 23, 2021. We anticipate that our current resources will be insufficient to meet our cash requirements throughout the evaluation period, including funding anticipated losses and scheduled debt maturities. We expect to seek additional funds from a combination of dilutive and/or nondilutive financings in the future. Because such transactions have not been finalized, receipt of additional funding is not considered probable under current accounting standards. If we do not generate sufficient cash flows from operations and obtain sufficient funds when needed, we expect that we would scale back our operating plan by deferring or limiting some, or all, of our capital spending and/or eliminating planned headcount additions, as well as other cost reductions to be determined. Because such contingency plans have not been finalized (the specifics would depend on the situation at the time), such actions are also not considered probable for purposes of current accounting standards. Because, under current accounting standards, neither future cash generated from operating activities, nor management’s contingency plans to mitigate the risk and extend cash resources through the evaluation period, are considered probable, substantial doubt is deemed to exist about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. As we continue to incur losses, our transition to profitability is dependent upon achieving a level of revenues adequate to support our cost structure. We may never achieve profitability, and unless and until doing so, we intend to fund future operations through additional dilutive or non-dilutive financings. There can be no assurances; however, that additional funding will be available on terms acceptable to us, if at all.

The financial information contained in these financial statements have been prepared on a basis that assumes that we will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. This financial information and these financial statements do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

From inception to September 30, 2020, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements.

Contractual Obligations

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 229.10(f)(1) and are not required to provide information under this item.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts and related disclosures in the financial statements. Management considers an accounting estimate to be critical if:

We base our estimates and judgments on our experience, our current knowledge, our beliefs of what could occur in the future, our observation of trends in the industry, information provided by our customers and information available from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We have identified the following accounting policies and estimates as those that we believe are most critical to our financial condition and results of operations and that require management’s most subjective and complex judgments in estimating the effect of inherent uncertainties: share-based compensation expense, income taxes, and impairment of long-lived assets.

Share-Based Compensation Expense. We calculate share-based compensation expense for option awards and certain warrant issuances (“Share-based Awards”) based on the estimated grant/issue date fair value using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model (“Black-Sholes Model”) and recognize the expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, net of estimated forfeitures. We have not included an estimate for forfeitures due to our limited history and we revise based on actual forfeitures each period. The Black-Scholes Model requires the use of a number of assumptions including volatility of the stock price, the weighted average risk-free interest rate, and the vesting period of the Share-based Award in determining the fair value of Share-based Awards. Although we believe our assumptions used to calculate share-based compensation expense are reasonable, these assumptions can involve complex judgments about future events, which are open to interpretation and inherent uncertainty. In addition, significant changes to our assumptions could significantly impact the amount of expense recorded in a given period.

Income Taxes. As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. Our provision for income taxes is determined using the asset and liability approach to account for income taxes. A current liability is recorded for the estimated taxes payable for the current year. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the timing differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of changes in tax rates or tax laws are recognized in the provision for income taxes in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount more-likely-than-not to be realized. Changes in valuation allowances will flow through the statement of operations unless related to deferred tax assets that expire unutilized or are modified through translation, in which case both the deferred tax asset and related valuation allowance are similarly adjusted.

The determination of our provision for income taxes requires significant judgment, the use of estimates, and the interpretation and application of complex tax laws. In the ordinary course of our business, there are transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. In spite of our belief that we have appropriate support for all the positions taken on our tax returns, we acknowledge that certain positions may be successfully challenged by the taxing authorities. We determine the tax benefits more likely than not to be recognized with respect to uncertain tax positions. Although we believe our recorded tax assets and liabilities are reasonable, tax laws and regulations are subject to interpretation and inherent uncertainty; therefore, our assessments can involve both a series of complex judgments about future events and rely on estimates and assumptions. Although we believe these estimates and assumptions are reasonable, the final determination could be materially different than that which is reflected in our provision for income taxes and recorded tax assets and liabilities.

Complex Derivative Financial Instruments. From time to time we sell common stock and we issue convertible debt, both with common stock purchase warrants, which may include terms requiring conversion price or exercise price adjustments based on subsequent issuance of securities at prices lower than those in the agreements of such securities. Due to the complexity of the agreement, we use an outside expert to assist in providing the mark to market fair valuation of the liabilities over the reporting periods in which the original agreement was in effect. It was determined that a Binomial Lattice option pricing model using a Monte Carlo simulation would provide the most accuracy given all the potential variables encompassing a future dilutive event. This model incorporated transaction assumptions such as our stock price, contractual terms, maturity, risk free rates, as well as estimates about future financings, volatility, and holder behavior. Although we believe our estimates and assumptions used to calculate the fair valuation liabilities and related expense were reasonable, these assumptions involved complex judgments about future events, which are open to interpretation and inherent uncertainty. In addition, significant changes to our assumptions could significantly impact the amount of expense recorded in a given period.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets. Carrying values of property and equipment and finite-lived intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying values may not be recoverable. If impairment indicators are present, we determine whether an impairment loss should be recognized by testing the applicable asset or asset group’s carrying value for recoverability. This assessment requires the exercise of judgment in assessing the future use of and projected value to be derived from the eventual disposal of the assets to be held and used. Assessments also consider changes in asset utilization, including the temporary idling of capacity and the expected timing for placing this capacity back into production. If the carrying value of the assets is not recoverable, then a loss is recorded for the difference between the assets’ fair value and respective carrying value. The fair value of the assets is determined using an “income approach” based upon a forecast of all the expected discounted future net cash flows associated with the subject assets. Some of the more significant estimates and assumptions include: market size and growth, market share, projected selling prices, manufacturing cost and discount rate. Our estimates are based upon historical experience, commercial relationships, market conditions and available external information about future trends.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2018-07”). The amendments in ASU 2018-07 expand the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. ASU 2018-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company has elected to early adopt ASU 2018-07. The adoption of this pronouncement had no impact on our accompanying consolidated financial statements.

In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11 (“ASU 2017-11”), Earnings Per Share (“Topic 260”), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“Topic 480”), and Derivatives and Hedging (“Topic 815”). ASU 2017-11 is intended to simplify the accounting for financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. Among the issues addressed are: (i) determining whether an instrument (or embedded feature) is indexed to an entity’s own stock; (ii) distinguishing liabilities from equity for mandatorily redeemable financial instruments of certain nonpublic entities; and (iii) identifying mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interests. ASU 2017-11 was effective for the Company on January 1, 2019. There was no material effect on the 2019 financial statements upon adoption.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) (“ASU 2016-15”). ASU 2016-15 is intended to reduce the diversity in practice regarding how certain transactions are classified within the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 is effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. There was no material effect on the 2019 and 2018 financial statements upon adoption.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases. This guidance requires lessees to record most leases on their balance sheet while recognizing expenses on their income statements in a manner similar to current accounting. The guidance also eliminates current real estate-specific provisions for all entities. For lessors, the guidance modifies the classification criteria and the accounting for sales-type and direct financing leases. The standard is effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted for all entities. In July 2018, the FASB amended the new leases standard and issued ASU 2018-11, Leases, (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements to give entities another option for transition and to provide lessors with practical expedient. We adopted ASU 2016-02 on January 1, 2019 utilizing the alternative transition method allowed for under ASU 2018-11. Comparative financial information was not adjusted and will continue to be reported under ASC 840. We also elected the transition relief package of practical expedients and as a result we did not assess (1) whether existing or expired contracts contain leases, (2) lease classification for any existing or expired leases, and (3) whether lease origination costs qualified as initial direct costs. We elected the short-term lease practical expedient by establishing an accounting policy to exclude leases with a term of 12 month or less. We elected not to separate lease components from non-lease components for our specified asset classes. Additionally, the adoption of the new standard resulted in increased disclosure requirements in our quarterly and annual filings.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The standard’s core principle is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In doing so, companies will need to use more judgment and make more estimates than under previous guidance. These may include identifying performance obligations in the contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price and allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation. In July 2015, the FASB approved the proposal to defer the effective date of ASU 2014-09 standard by one year. In 2016, the FASB issued final amendments to clarify the implementation guidance for principal versus agent considerations (ASU 2016-08), accounting for licenses of intellectual property and identifying performance obligations (ASU 2016-10), narrow-scope improvements and practical expedients (ASU 2016-12) and technical corrections and improvements to Topic 606 (ASU 2016-20) in its new revenue standard. The guidance is effective for public entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods therein. Our services are performed over the term of our contracts and customers are billed for those services as they are performed on a monthly basis. Revenue is recognized each month for the services that have been provided to our customers. Additionally, we do not have significant exposure related to uncollectible accounts. We have performed a review of the requirements of the new revenue standard and have performed our analysis of our customer contracts on a portfolio basis (by each hospital group) utilizing the five-step model of the new standard. We have compared the results of our analysis to our current accounting practices. We adopted Topic 606 on January 1, 2018 using the full retrospective transition method for recognizing revenue. The adoption of Topic 606 represents a change in accounting principle that will more closely align revenue recognition with the delivery of our services to our customers and will provide financial statement readers with enhanced disclosures. The adoption of this standard did not have a material effect on the timing and recognition of revenue for the services provided to our customers.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity (“ASU 2020-06”), which simplifies an issuer’s accounting for convertible instruments by reducing the number of accounting models that require separate accounting for embedded conversion features. ASU 2020-06 also simplifies the settlement assessment that entities are required to perform to determine whether a contract qualifies for equity classification and makes targeted improvements to the disclosures for convertible instruments and earnings-per-share (EPS) guidance. This update will be effective for the Company’s fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Entities can elect to adopt the new guidance through either a modified retrospective method of transition or a fully retrospective method of transition. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the pending adoption of the new standard on its financial statements and intends to adopt the standard as of January 1, 2022.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which removes certain exceptions for recognizing deferred taxes for investments, performing intraperiod tax allocation and calculating income taxes in interim periods. ASU 2019-12 is applicable to all entities subject to income taxes. ASU 2019-12 provides guidance to minimize complexity in certain areas by introducing a policy election to not allocate consolidated income taxes when a member of a consolidated tax return is not subject to income tax and guides whether to relate a step-up tax basis to a business combination or separate transaction. ASU 2019-12 changes the current guidance of making an intraperiod allocation, determining when a tax liability is recognized after a foreign entity investor transitions to or from equity method of accounting, accounting for tax law changes and year-to-date losses in interim periods, and determining how to apply income tax guidance to franchise taxes. The amendments ASU 2019-12 are effective for all public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020 and include interim periods. The guidance is effective for all other entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021 and for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2022. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating impact on our accompanying consolidated financial statements.

In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-11, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, which amends certain aspects of the Board’s new credit loss standard (ASC 326). ASU 2019-11 is applicable to companies that hold financial assets in the scope of the credit losses standard. FASB permits to include the following in estimate if expected credit losses: expected recoveries of financial assets previously written off and expected recoveries of financial assets with credit deterioration. The scope of guidance related to expected recoveries includes purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. ASU 2019-11 permits entities to record negative allowance when measuring expected credit losses for a purchased credit deteriorated financial asset and expected recoveries cannot exceed the aggregate amount previously written off or expected to be written off. When discounted cash flow method is not being used to estimate expected credit losses, expected recoveries cannot include any amounts in an acceleration of the noncredit discount. An entity may include increases in expected cash flows after acquisition. Early adoption is not permitted. The Company is evaluating impact on our accompanying consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU, 2018-13 that eliminates certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements for all entities, requires public entities to disclose certain new information and modifies some disclosure requirements. The FASB developed the amendments to ASC 820 as part of its broader disclosure framework project, which aims to improve the effectiveness of disclosures in the notes to financial statements by focusing on requirements that clearly communicate the most important information to users of the financial statements. The new guidance is effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and for interim periods within those fiscal years. An entity is permitted to early adopt either the entire standard or only the provisions that eliminate or modify requirements. We are currently evaluating the effect of this guidance on our disclosures.

BUSINESS

Corporate Overview of Ondas Holdings Inc.

Ondas Holdings Inc. was originally incorporated in Nevada on December 22, 2014 under the name Zev Ventures Incorporated. On September 28, 2018, we consummated a reverse acquisition transaction to acquire a privately-held company, Ondas Networks Inc., and changed our name from “Zev Ventures Incorporated” to “Ondas Holdings Inc.” As a result, Ondas Networks Inc. became our wholly-owned subsidiary. We refer to this transaction as the “Acquisition.” In connection with the closing of the Acquisition, we discontinued the prior business of Zev Ventures as a reseller of sporting and concert tickets and our sole business became that of Ondas Networks. The use of the words “we,” “our,” the “Company” and “Ondas Holdings” means Ondas Holdings Inc. and its subsidiaries. Where necessary for clarification purposes, Ondas Holdings, Ondas Networks or Zev Ventures may be used independently.

Corporate Overview of Ondas Networks Inc.

Ondas Networks provides wireless connectivity solutions enabling mission-critical Industrial Internet applications and services. We refer to these applications as the Mission-Critical Internet of Things (“MC-IoT”). The Company’s wireless networking products are applicable to a wide range of MC-IoT applications which are most often located at the very edge of large industrial networks. These applications require secure, real time connectivity with the ability to process large amounts of data at the edge. Such applications are required in all of the major critical infrastructure markets including rail, electric grids, drones, oil and gas, and public safety and government, where secure, reliable and fast operational decisions are required in order to improve efficiency and ensure a high degree of safety and security. We design, develop, manufacture, sell and support FullMAX, our patented, Software Defined Radio (“SDR”) platform for secure, licensed, private, wide-area broadband networks. Our customers install FullMAX systems in order to upgrade and expand their legacy wide-area network (“WAN”) infrastructure. Our MC-IoT intellectual property has been adopted by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (“IEEE”), the leading worldwide standards body in data networking protocols, and forms the core of the IEEE 802.16s standard. Ondas has taken a leadership position in IEEE as it relates to wireless networking for industrial markets given that standards-based communications solutions are preferred by our mission-critical customers and ecosystem partners. As such, management believes this standards-based approach supports the adoption of the Company’s technology across a burgeoning ecosystem of partners and end markets.

Our FullMAX SDR platform is an important and timely upgrade solution for privately-owned and operated wireless WANs, leveraging Internet Protocol-based communications to provide more reliability and data capacity for our mission-critical infrastructure customers. Critical infrastructure markets throughout the globe have reached an inflection point where legacy serial and analog based protocols and network transport systems no longer meet industry needs. In addition to offering enhanced data throughput, FullMAX is an intelligent networking platform enabling the adoption of sophisticated operating systems and equipment supporting next-generation MC-IoT applications over wide field areas. These new MC-IoT applications and related equipment require more processing power at the edge and the efficient utilization of network capacity and scarce bandwidth resources which can be supported by the “Fog-computing” capability integrated in our end-to-end network platform. Fog-computing utilizes management software to enable edge compute processing and data and application prioritization in the field enabling our customers more reliable, real-time operating control of these new, intelligent MC-IoT equipment and applications at the Edge. 

We sell our products and services globally through a direct sales force and value-added sales partners to critical infrastructure providers including major rail operators, commercial and industrial drone operators, electric and gas utilities, water and wastewater utilities, oil and gas producers and pipeline operators, and for other critical infrastructure applications in areas such as homeland security and defense, and transportation. We continue to develop our value-added reseller relationships which today include a major strategic partnership with Siemens Mobility for the development of new types of wireless connectivity for the North American Rail. In addition, Ondas and JVCKenwood, a global supplier of Land Mobile Radio (LMR) systems, have jointly responded to a request from the rail industry for the design and delivery of a next generation data and voice platform.  We believe our Siemens’ partnership and our joint effort with JVCKenwood are indicative of the potential for additional Tier 1 partnerships in our other vertical markets including securing reseller relationships with major suppliers to the worldwide government and homeland security markets. These partnerships are being driven by the flexibility of our FullMAX software to support legacy industrial protocols (e.g. Push to Talk Voice, Dial-up Serial Data Communications, and Advanced Train Control System – ATCS) while simultaneously operating our state of the art MC-IoT protocols. This dual and multi-mode software capability provides major industrial customers with a seamless migration path to advanced internet-protocol-based networks. Over time, these legacy functions, like Push to Talk Voice and ATCS, are transformed into just several of many new data applications we can support.

Background

The Internet of Things (“IoT”) is transforming the way businesses and industries function with a massive shift from on-premise locally executed software to cloud computing. IoT is applicable across all global consumer, enterprise, industrial and government markets. By storing and processing data using cloud technology, there is now an ability to access, analyze and utilize vast amounts of information and liberate operators from accessing data in limited amounts. Cloud computing has enabled the access of additional features on IoT devices such as smartphones, computers and laptops without the need for investing in additional computing power or memory.

However, specific areas of IoT, particularly the mission-critical industrial markets, have additional requirements when compared to enterprise and consumer markets. With industrial markets, the bulk of the critical assets are dispersed over vast field area operations and varying geographical locations. This wide dispersion of assets shifts the emphasis from the centralized private Cloud to the network edge and Fog which requires reliance on edge computing and the processing of data in the field, closer to the source of the data generation. The primary benefit of Fog networks is to enable the execution of mission-critical functions and manage and operate intelligent field equipment and systems many of which require real-time decision-making. Edge computing is required for low-latency applications where real-time performance is critical for safety and efficient systems performance. In addition, processing data closer to the source improves reliability and offers security benefits. The Fog and edge computing advantages enabled by our FullMAX technology are now driving the adoption of our connectivity solutions by some of the largest industrial companies worldwide including the major North American freight rail operators.

In a MC-IoT wide-area network, a Fog-computing architecture requires an intelligent communications system able to manage all network resources, including edge remotes, smart equipment and machinery and other network elements such as sensor networks. Importantly, advanced MC-IoT applications require highly reliable network performance over the air with customized Quality of Service (“QoS”) standards which are not available in legacy narrowband wireless networks. The intelligent communications system is coordinated via base stations which contain network management software algorithms designed to control critical operations and distribute bandwidth across multiple edge computing applications required by customers. The Fog-computing environment can be further enhanced by high-power edge remote radios with embedded computing power and software providing the ability to host MC-IoT software applications or to reliably interface with intelligent equipment and sensor networks deployed across the field of operations. The interplay between base stations and remote edge radios requires a robust software communications layer to ensure that network performance and operating data is properly communicated to the corporate cloud located in the network operations center.

For example, the North American freight rail operators are seeking to deploy new, on-locomotive and wayside MC-IoT technologies along the track in order to reliably enhance safety and improve efficiency and profitability of train operations. These rail operators currently operate antiquated legacy communications systems utilizing serial based narrowband wireless technologies for voice and data communications. These legacy wireless networks have limited data capacity and are unable to support the adoption of new, intelligent train control and management systems. In addition to data capacity challenges, rail operators need to reliably cover the vast and often remotely located rail track and related infrastructure which extends nationwide over 140,000 miles. The rail operators require a next-generation, robust broadband system with significantly increased data throughput capacity and Fog networking capability. A transition to integrated Fog-computing communications wireless systems will enable the rail operators to drive more intelligence to the edge of their operating environments enabling real time automation and better operator control of many critical operating systems related to train control, crossing safety, train and track integrity and drone operations. This upgrade cycle is being driven by a recent key event which occurred in May 2020 in which the Class 1 rail systems in the U.S. were awarded new nationwide “greenfield” wideband radio spectrum by the Federal Communications Committee (“FCC”). As part of the award, the rail operators are required, over the next three years, to vacate a series of legacy narrowband channels. The completion of this multiyear negotiation between the FCC and other licensed users is projected to generate a major network upgrade cycle for the rail industry.

There are many other mission-critical industries across the globe operating private networks that are similarly constrained by their legacy narrowband wireless communications systems. The lack of bandwidth, appropriate software and integrated edge computing and Fog capability are a bottleneck for the adoption of next-generation MC-IoT applications and intelligent equipment that can serve to create more efficient, profitable, and safer operations. This can be seen in Land Mobile Radio (“LMR”) markets where legacy critical voice networks lack increasingly valuable data capacity and next generation networks such as FullMAX can provide voice over IP as a data application. Similarly, the adoption of smart grid technologies by electric utilities, well pump automation systems by oil producers and new navigation systems for commercial and industrial drones require new, robust wireless network platforms such as FullMAX that can also offer the capability of Fog-computing architectures.

COVID-19

In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”) was identified in Wuhan, China, and has subsequently spread to other regions of the world, and has resulted in increased travel restrictions, business disruptions and emergency quarantine measures across the world including the United States.

The Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations were impacted from the COVID-19 pandemic during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 as follows:

In the first quarter of 2020, we reduced our business activity to critical operations only, and furloughed 80% of our workforce. Per orders issued by the Health Officer of the County of Santa Clara, our corporate headquarters were closed, except for functions related to the support of remote workers and product support related to the essential transportation sector. On May 13, 2020, we reopened our corporate headquarters and as of September 30, 2020 we have no employees remaining on furlough. Of the 18 employees previously furloughed, 14 are currently employed by us.

Additionally, on March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) was enacted. The CARES Act is an approximately $2 trillion emergency economic stimulus package in response to the COVID-19 outbreak, which among other things contains numerous income tax provisions. Some of these tax provisions are expected to be effective retroactively for years ending before the date of enactment. The Company applied for, and received, funds under the Paycheck Protection Program after the period end in the approximate amount of $666,000. The application for these funds requires the Company to, in good faith, certify that the current economic uncertainty made the loan request necessary to support operations of the Company.

The Company expects its business, financial condition and results of operations will be impacted from the COVID-19 pandemic for the remainder of 2020 primarily due to the deferral of customer activity from the first half of the year. Further, the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing and remains an unknown risk for the foreseeable future. The extent to which the coronavirus may impact our business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of the coronavirus.  As a result, the Company is unable to reasonably estimate the full extent of the impact from the COVID-19 pandemic on its future business, financial condition and results of operations. The Company may also be unable to comply with the financial and other material covenants under its debt agreements and may not be able to negotiate waivers or amendments to such debt agreements in order to maintain ongoing compliance. In addition, if the Company were to experience any new impact to its operations, or incur additional unanticipated costs and expenses as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, such operational delays and unanticipated costs and expenses there could be a further adverse impact on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations in 2020 and 2021.

On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) was enacted. The CARES Act is an approximately $2 trillion emergency economic stimulus package in response to the Coronavirus outbreak, which among other things contains numerous income tax provisions. Some of these tax provisions are expected to be effective retroactively for years ending before the date of enactment. The Company applied for, and received, funds under the Paycheck Protection Program after the period end in the approximate amount of $666,000. The application for these funds requires the Company to, in good faith, certify that the current economic uncertainty made the loan request necessary to support operations of the Company. This certification further requires the Company to consider its current business activity and ability to access other sources of liquidity sufficient to support ongoing operations in a manner that is not significantly detrimental to the business. The receipt of these funds, and the forgiveness of the loan related to these funds, is dependent on the Company having initially qualified for the loan and qualifying for the forgiveness of such loan based on our future adherence to the forgiveness criteria.

Although COVID-19 has had an immediate near-term impact on our business operations, we also believe the one outcome of the pandemic will be to reinforce the need for more reliable private commercial and industrial communications. This can be seen specifically in the need for new Unmanned Aerial Systems solutions including the safe command and control of drones as remote delivery method. In a recent filling at the FCC, the Drone Responders Public Safety Alliance stated, (the) “current COVID-19 pandemic only emphasizes this need, as remote methods of commercial delivery will only become more essential to serve the public good. In light of the current COVID-19 crisis, UAS have the potential to deliver payloads of medical equipment and supplies.”

Our Strategy

Our goal is to be a global leader in providing secure wireless connectivity solutions enabling high-bandwidth, mission-critical Industrial Internet applications and services. We intend to leverage our patented FullMAX technology and the IEEE 802.16s standard to achieve this goal. We have adopted a “Deep and Wide” marketing strategy designed to drive adoption of our mission-critical connectivity solutions into global critical infrastructure end markets. Our strategy is to deeply penetrate the Class 1 Freight Rail, government and aviation markets while continuing the expansion of our distribution and support capabilities alongside ecosystem partners such as Siemens into adjacent vertical end markets such as oil and gas, electric, gas and water utilities and military sectors.

The key elements of our growth strategy include the following:

In executing our go-to-market strategy, we intend to monetize our software-based intellectual property and grow revenue and cash flow with embedded FullMAX software sales, Software-as-a-Service (“SaaS”) arrangements, IP royalties based on Ondas software and through additional services provided to customers and ecosystem partners. Customers deploy our connectivity and Fog-computing platform in private networks that are designed for lifetimes of 10 – 15 years or even longer. Our FullMAX platform is software-defined and offers customers flexibility to expand capacity and evolve network utilization. Similarly, our ecosystem partners often integrate our FullMAX software and wireless capability into their own equipment and systems which their customers purchase and deploy are also designed for long lifetimes. As such, we believe our software solutions provide ongoing revenue opportunities and sales models both related to both connectivity value and edge computing capability. Customers and ecosystem partners will require ongoing FullMAX system and security enhancements and for us to design additional features which create opportunities for additional, recurring revenue and profit streams. Our monetization strategies include:

Systems sales: Our FullMAX deployments are typically large, mission-critical wide-area networks deployed and privately operated by our industrial and government customers. These end-to-end system deployments involve sales consisting of both base stations and edge radio end points with embedded FullMAX software and network management software and tools.

Software and hardware maintenance agreements: Our customers contract for extended software and hardware maintenance which provide them with critical ongoing support for their installed network. These SaaS contracts provide revenue to Ondas in the year following an initial installation. Software maintenance licenses entitle the customer to ongoing software and security upgrades as well as enabling the provision of additional system features. Similarly, hardware maintenance programs provide customers extended equipment warranty terms for an installed network. These SaaS maintenance arrangements allow our customers to continue to maintain a modern, flexible and upgradeable network over a long period of time. These agreements may extend for multiple years given the long average life of the installed and growing network.

Licensing / Royalties: In certain system deployments, our ecosystem partners will chose to embed FullMAX software into their own hardware and software platforms providing Ondas with an ongoing per device multi-year revenue stream. Licensing is an effective way for an ecosystem partner to jumpstart customer activity. Alternatively, a partner may choose to develop software based on our intellectual property generating royalty revenue.

Other Services: We provide ancillary services directly related to the sale of our wireless communications products which include wireless network design, systems engineering, radio frequency planning, software configuration, product training, installation, and onsite support. Furthermore, we also provide engineering and product development services to ecosystem partners who are interested in integrating their intelligent equipment with our FullMAX SDR platform and need our expertise to do so.

The Siemens Partnership

In April 2020, we entered into a strategic partnership with Siemens Mobility, a separately managed company of Siemens AG (“Siemens”), to jointly develop wireless communications products for the North American Rail Industry based on Siemens’ Advanced Train Control System (“ATCS”) protocol and our MC-IoT platform, for availability in the second half of 2020. These dual-mode ATCS/MC-IoT radio systems will support Siemens’ extensive installed base of ATCS radios as well as offer Siemens’ customers the ability to support a host of new advanced rail applications utilizing our MC-IoT wireless system. These new applications, including Advanced Grade Crossing Activation and Monitoring, Wayside Inspection, Railcar Monitoring, and support for next generation signaling and train control systems, are designed to increase railroad productivity, reduce costs and improve safety. The new ATCS-compatible products will be introduced in two phases, including a field-selectable ATCS or MC-IoT remote radio available in the fourth quarter of 2020. Furthermore, Siemens has begun to market and sell Siemens-branded MC-IoT wireless systems based on our technology platforms.

The North American Rail Network is vast in scale, consisting of 140,000 miles of track, 25,000 locomotives, and 1.6 million railcars. Within this large footprint, we believe there are 200,000 highway crossings, with at least 65,000 of the crossings equipped with electronic systems today, a number which is expected to increase in the coming years. A significant portion of the communications infrastructure has been in operation for more than 20 years and now requires a technological upgrade to support new applications and increased capacity requirements. Our MC-IoT platform offers an excellent migration path for these applications. The Class I Railroads value the ability of the Ondas’ frequency-agnostic SDR architecture to enable a substantial capacity increase utilizing the railroad’s existing wireless infrastructure and dedicated Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) licensed radio frequencies, as well as the flexibility to adapt to and take advantage of future changes in spectrum availability.

We believe the Siemens partnership validates our wireless connectivity solutions and will accelerate the adoption of our wireless technology in the North American Class I Railroad market. We believe Siemens has both the sales and marketing reach and support to drive our technology to wide scale acceptance. Siemens also brings Ondas access to the North American transit market where our technology has broad potential. In addition to our strategic partnership with Siemens Mobility, we expect to establish additional formal sales and marketing partnerships and OEM relationships with other leading Tier 1 vendors of industrial equipment in 2020.

The Market for our Products

Our FullMAX system of Software Defined Radios, base stations, fixed and mobile edge radios and supporting technology is designed to enable highly secure and reliable Industrial-grade connectivity for truly mission-critical applications. We offer a range of products with different options for narrowband and broadband applications. Our SDR platforms offer unmatched flexibility with respect to the radio frequencies in which they operate (ranging from 70 MHz to 6 GHz) and channel size configurations (ranging from 12.5 kHz to 10 MHz).

The global end markets for our MC-IoT solutions are established, large, and we believe, poised to grow rapidly given the key role connectivity will play in next generation IoT-type applications. Firms like Cisco Systems, Inc. and Gartner, Inc. forecast that there will be billions of connected IoT devices installed by year end 2020; many of which will be deployed for industrial applications. Dell’Oro Group, Inc. estimates that Wide Area IoT spending, including low power WAN deployments with which we compete, will reach $33.0 billion for carriers and infrastructure vendors by 2022, growing approximately 2.5Xs from 2017. In many of our industrial end markets, we believe the adoption of low-cost edge computing and increased penetration of “smart machinery” is driving demand for next-generation networks for IoT applications such as those powered by FullMAX. Demand for edge computing solutions is growing rapidly and adopting edge computing applications can help our customers run their businesses more efficiently, profitably, and safely. According to MarketsandMarkets the market for global edge computing solutions is expected to grow over 34% per year from $3.6 billion in 2020 to $15.7 billion by 2025. Ondas is leveraging its industry expertise and FullMAX connectivity and Fog-computing platform to develop an enhanced range of products to capitalize on this expanding opportunity with the goal of becoming the leading supplier of private industrial networks.

According to research firm MarketsandMarkets, worldwide spending on communications by the electric utility sector is estimated to grow over 15% per year and is expected to reach $15.4 billion annually by 2021. This growth is being driven by distributed and renewable power generation projects and regulatory requirements for secure and reliable power generation and distribution as the industry deals with aging infrastructure. Market forecasts for oil and gas producers, water and wastewater utilities, homeland security, transportation and other critical infrastructure segments are similarly large. According to Market Reports World, the global LMR market generates over $17 billion in revenue annually. In oil and gas, MarketsandMarkets forecasts that spending on oilfield communications will reach $4.5 billion by 2022, which would represent an annual growth of 7.9% from today. In addition, the U.S. Railroad sector is expected to spend over $10.0 billion in aggregate by 2020 to fully implement Positive Train Control (“PTC”) safety functions as required by Federal regulations according to the American Association of Railroads. We estimate the addressable market for our FullMAX solution with the North American Class 1 Railroads is over $1.5 billion. Our innovative, standards-based FullMAX system offers Unmanned Aircraft Systems (“UAS”) operators and users a high-performing, cost-effective solution for reliable command and control of drones. The end market opportunity for UAS network solutions is large and rapidly growing. According to analysts at Barclays Capital, spending on commercial drones will rise 10-fold over five years from $4 billion to nearly $40 billion in 2024. The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (“FAA”) raised its forecast in 2019 and now expects over 450,000 commercial drones flying in the U.S. by 2022, a four-fold increase from 2017. Improvements in drone navigation capability allowing for the safe command and control of industrial UAS beyond visual line of sight (“BVLOS”) will be a key enabler driving the growth of the UAS market. Industrial UAS applications offer significant value to our core critical infrastructure markets and the economy at large, which supports the growth outlook for this market. In addition to broad use by government agencies and agriculture markets, utilities, railroads, and oil and gas industries are actively evaluating, or are in the process of incorporating, the extensive use of drones into their business operations. These critical infrastructure sectors can realize substantial savings and improved reliability in operations from deploying drones to monitor and inspect their remote infrastructure and assets.

Our Products and Services

Ondas was founded in 2006 to develop a new type of radio platform specifically to meet the evolving data needs of large industrial and government customers and markets.  These markets are differentiated from consumer markets in that the customers assets are dispersed over very wide and remote geographies with specific challenges to installation, maintenance, and upgrades.  These challenges led us to design a new type of software-based radio platform capable of supporting a long useful life to the network hardware.  Instead of using low cost, off the shelf, dedicated communications chipsets (“ASICs”), we selected powerful programmable embedded general-purpose processors, DSPs, and FPGAs, all of which are software upgradable. Our software defined radio (“SDR”) architecture, with more than 12 years in development and supported by a team of 45 software engineers, allows us to customize almost any aspect of the air interface protocol, the key components of which are patented and have been incorporated into new IEEE wireless standards. The ability to constantly improve customer networks and hosted software applications with flexible, over-the-air software upgrade creates customer stickiness with high switching costs.

FullMAX Software: Our FullMAX SDR platform is designed to enable highly secure and reliable industrial-grade connectivity for truly mission-critical applications. An end-to-end FullMAX network consists of connected wireless base stations, fixed and mobile edge radios and supporting technology all enabled by critical software developed and owned by Ondas. The target customers for our products operate in critical infrastructure sectors of the global economy. Private wireless networks are typically the preferred choice of these large industrial customers with business operations spanning large field areas. Private networks provide enhanced protection against cyber terrorism, as well as natural and man-made disasters, and the ability for the operator to maintain and control their desired quality of service.

In many of our industrial end markets, the adoption of low-cost Edge computing and increased penetration of “smart machinery” and sensors is driving demand for higher bandwidth, next-generation networks for IoT applications such as those powered by FullMAX. These new technologies often require Fog-computing capabilities to maximize their utility to customers. The Fog-computing capability integrated in our end-to-end FullMAX SDR platform is valued by our customers and ecosystem partners as they seek to leverage the value of MC-IoT applications for improved safety, efficiency, and profitability. Our IEEE 802.16s compliant equipment is designed to optimize performance of unused or underutilized low frequency licensed radio spectrum and narrower channels. We do this through various patented software algorithms including via “spectrum harvesting” techniques which aggregate narrowband channels to create increased broadband network capacity. Our channel aggregation algorithms include the ability to aggregate hard to utilize, non-contiguous narrowband channels and are a hallmark feature of a FullMAX broadband system. Consequently, a FullMAX wireless network is significantly less expensive to build compared to traditional LTE and 5G networks given its ability to optimize the performance of lower cost, low frequency radio spectrum and provide much greater coverage and capacity.

The critical software algorithms powering our end-to-end FullMAX wireless SDR platform and related Fog-computing architecture have been developed by and are owned by Ondas. FullMAX is an intelligent networking system which integrates core network management systems with edge computing resources including computing hardware and MC-IoT software applications. In the MC-IoT Fog enabled by FullMAX, base stations are enabled with a highly configurable Quality of Service algorithms which coordinate the data traffic within the Fog for both the edge radio and the resident MC-IoT applications. The intelligent base stations control and manage all network resources including the Ondas edge remotes; dynamically allocating bandwidth, prioritizing data packets and managing edge applications. The intelligent software-managed base stations determine whether to process data at the edge, distribute data traffic across the Fog to other edge remote radios or to transport information to the corporate Cloud. Ondas’ Edge remotes have embedded compute capability and are able to host MC-IoT applications including those from third party vendors via virtualized software systems managed in docker / container architectures and can also manage data from intelligent equipment or sensor networks that interface with the edge remotes in the field. The Ondas software-managed edge remotes offer security via authentication, multi-layer encryption and virtual software firewalls which are requirements for mission-critical data networks.

Our FullMAX Software Defined Radio platform:

FullMAX System: FullMAX base stations and edge radios are deployed by our customers to create wide-area wireless communication networks. A FullMAX network provides end-to-end IP connectivity, allowing critical infrastructure providers to extend their secure corporate networks into the far reaches of their service territories. A FullMAX network also provides more data capacity allowing our customers to transition legacy applications such critical Push-to-Talk Voice operating in legacy LMR networks to Voice over IP data networks which provide network capacity for other data requirements alongside voice. We refer to these networks as Land Mobile Data Radio (LMDR) systems.

FullMAX radios can operate at high transmit power (up to 100 watts) at both the Base Station and Remote sites providing fixed and mobile data connectivity up to 30 miles from the tower site (see Figure 1 below). This results in up to 2,800 square miles of coverage from a single FullMAX tower compared with the 28 square miles typically supported by other 4G technologies and three-square miles by 5G technologies (see Figure 2 below). This dramatically reduces the infrastructure cost of building and operating a private cellular network. For example, to cover a territory of over 10,000 square miles may require only four FullMAX towers compared with more than 350 typical 4G towers, depending on the topography of the region.

Figure 1

Figure 2

We also provide a variety of services associated with the sale of our FullMAX products including network design, RF planning, product training and spectrum consulting. We provide customers with technical support, extended hardware warranties, and software.

TARGET MARKETS AND APPLICATIONS

We are dedicated to promoting standards-based wireless connectivity solutions for our customers. Our FullMAX platform is compliant with the mission critical wireless Industrial Internet IEEE 802.16s. The specifications in the IEEE 802.16s standard are primarily based on our FullMAX technology, and many of our customers and industrial partners actively supported our technology during the IEEE standards-making process. In January 2020, a new working group was launched by the IEEE to establish IEEE 802.16t, a further evolution of this wireless standard. The IEEE 802.16t working group includes industry-leading trade organizations such as the Utilities Technology Council (UTC) and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), as well as representation from world-leading transportation and oil and gas companies. We expect our technology to remain a prominent feature of this evolving standard. 

We believe that the current standard and its evolution have been instrumental in broadening the appeal of our FullMAX platform globally across all critical infrastructure markets. Since the publishing of IEEE 802.16s in November 2017, there has been a significant increase in interest from customers in end markets including oil and gas, water and wastewater, transportation and homeland security, as well as for the command and control of industrial drones. We believe we are currently the only supplier able to offer IEEE 802.16s compliant systems and are actively working with customers and industry partners to help develop and support a multi-vendor MC-IoT industry ecosystem for this standard.

Our FullMAX system of wireless base stations, fixed and mobile remote radios and supporting technology is designed to enable highly secure and reliable industrial-grade connectivity for truly mission-critical applications. The target customers for our products operate in critical infrastructure sectors of the global economy. Private wireless networks are typically the preferred choice of these large industrial customers with business operations spanning large field areas. Private networks provide enhanced protection against cyber terrorism, as well as natural and man-made disasters, and the ability for the operator to maintain and control their desired quality of service. Our IEEE 802.16s compliant equipment is designed to optimize performance of unused or underutilized low frequency licensed radio spectrum and narrower channels. A FullMAX wireless network is significantly less expensive to build compared to traditional LTE and 5G networks given its ability to optimize the performance of lower cost radio spectrum (non-traditional LTE and 5G bands) and provide much greater coverage and capacity. In many of our industrial end markets, the adoption of low-cost edge computing and increased penetration of “smart machinery” and sensors is driving demand for higher bandwidth, next-generation networks for IoT applications such as those powered by FullMAX.

Effective April 24, 2020, we entered into a strategic partnership with Siemens Mobility, Inc., a separately managed company of Siemens AG (“Siemens”), to jointly develop wireless communications products for the North American Rail Industry by integrating Siemens’ Advanced Train Control System (“ATCS”) protocol with our MC-IoT platform to create (i) a dual-mode 900 MHz over-the-air ATCS compatible, MC-IoT capable base station radio and (ii) a dual-purpose 900 MHz, over-the-air ATCS compatible, MC-IoT capable wayside ratio. These dual-mode ATCS/MC-IoT radio systems will support Siemens’ extensive installed base of ATCS radios and offer Siemens’ customers the ability to support a host of new advanced rail applications utilizing Ondas’ MC-IoT wireless system. These new applications, including Advanced Grade Crossing Activation and Monitoring, Wayside Inspection, Railcar Monitoring and support for next generation signaling and train control systems, are designed to increase railroad productivity, reduce costs and improve safety. The new ATCS-compatible products will be introduced in two phases, including a field-selectable ATCS or MC-IoT remote radio, which we expect to be available in the fourth quarter of 2020. Siemens began to market and sell Siemens-branded MC-IoT wireless systems based on our technology platforms to the North American Rail industry in the second quarter 2020. We expect to enter into the joint development of additional rail products with Siemens in the second half of 2020 and 2021.

Our FullMAX platform has been selected by a customer to be the connectivity backbone for the deployment of a nationwide wireless network for operators of UAS. Our technology was selected for its unique capabilities to operate with very high reliability and high throughput using narrowband licensed VHF frequencies. Our technology solves the need for robust command and control functionality which is required by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to operate commercial, industrial and governmental drones beyond visual line of site (BVLOS). The network, once fully deployed, will be capable of supporting the simultaneous operation of tens of thousands of drones throughout US Airspace. We are currently working with the network operator and expect to engage multiple Tier 1 ecosystem partners to fully commercialize the network over the next 12 months. Organizations that have publicly announced their support for this network include Aerospace Industries Association (AIA) AeroVironment, Inc., AiRXOS Inc. (GE Aviation), the Commercial Drone Alliance, Crown Castle International Corp., the Edison Electric Institute, General Atomics Aeronautical Systems, Inc., the National Public Safety Telecommunications Council (NPSTC) and Xcel Energy Services Inc.

Our FullMAX platform also addresses the increasing need for data capability in the private Land Mobile Radio (LMR) push-to-talk mission critical voice markets. Land mobile radio refers to the two-way mobile and handheld radio-based systems with the ability to offer seamless communication to field personnel working across industrial and governmental sectors. LMR systems have traditionally offered very limited data capacity (9.6 kbps) alongside voice-centric services. Our FullMAX platform offers the unique ability to utilize narrow and non-adjacent channels in traditional LMR radio spectrum bands with 300x or greater capacity creating a Land Mobile Data Radio (LMDR) platform. Our LMDR network platform simultaneously supports legacy voice services alongside the growing demand for data services. This advancement allows customers to deploy our FullMAX data platform where push-to-talk, critical voice services are provided as one of multiple data applications running on the network. LMR markets are seeing a growing demand for remote monitoring and control capabilities driven by the need for efficiencies (e.g. rail sensor bed networks) and new sensor-based networks to monitor climate conditions. We see the need to upgrade these networks across all industries and government users worldwide.

In addition to selling our FullMAX solutions for dedicated private wide area networks, we offer private mission-critical wireless services to industrial and governmental customers in select regions of the United States. In June 2019, we acquired 2 MHz of licensed spectrum in the 700 MHz band including the State of Alaska and four strategic industrial counties bordering the Gulf of Mexico.  These counties are gateways into the Gulf of Mexico for the industrial transport of goods (e.g. Liquid Natural Gas) and include the ports of Cameron Parish Port in Louisiana and Port Arthur and Port Lavaca in Texas.

Target Customers

The target customers for our products operate in critical infrastructure sectors of the global economy. Private wireless networks are typically the preferred choice of these large industrial customers with business operations spanning large field areas. Private networks provide enhanced protection against cyber terrorism, as well as natural and man-made disasters, and the ability for the operator to maintain and control their desired quality of service. The existing public carrier networks based on LTE and 5G technology are designed for mobile consumer usage and are not architected for MC-IoT applications. Wi-Fi-based IoT offerings have similar shortcomings related to security, availability, and reliability, which are likewise unacceptable for mission-critical functions.

Our FullMAX technology offers a next-generation upgrade path for existing private networks currently managed by our industrial customers. These networks will typically be deployed on the existing tower and backhaul infrastructure owned by our customers thereby reducing incremental infrastructure costs. We offer much faster data throughput and more efficient radio frequency utilization relative to existing private networks that are based largely on legacy, proprietary technologies. We believe the IEEE 802.16s standard, and its next iteration as 802.16t, are important catalysts for the MC-IoT upgrade cycle as our critical infrastructure customers increasingly prefer standards-based technology. Standards-based solutions offer a deeper ecosystem of suppliers resulting in more price and service competition and lower costs. The standard is relevant for all critical infrastructure providers with operations covering large field areas making the market potential sizeable enough to attract a deep ecosystem of hardware and software solutions providers along with ancillary service organizations to support our customers.

We believe our FullMAX powered WANs serve the high end of the value chain as compared to mass-market, low-powered, narrowband solutions such as LoRa, Sigfox and NB-IoT technologies which are being offered by public carriers. Our customers require wide-area coverage with broadband speeds and low latency performance for operating environments managed over large field areas, which we can provide cost effectively.

Customer Activity

We launched a business expansion plan in 2018 to leverage our world-class, standards based FullMAX platform and penetrate the large, fast-growing critical infrastructure end markets we target. We grew our dedicated sales resources to broaden our marketing efforts beyond the electric utility sector, which had historically been our primary end market. Since the second half of 2018, we have significantly increased customer engagement in the transportation, security, LMR and UAS end markets and our qualified pipeline has grown. A potential customer is included in our qualified pipeline after the potential customer expresses interest in our products and we have confirmed that the potential customer has an application for which our FullMAX platform would be well-suited.

We have multiple, ongoing testing and pilot programs with BNSF (Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway) and CSX Corporation, two North American Class I freight railroad operators in addition to lab testing with other rail operators. There are seven Class I freight railroad operators in North America, all of which run multiple, frequency-specific networks for different applications. Our FullMAX platform has the flexibility to operate in all these frequency bands and will allow these customers the opportunity to better utilize their radio spectrum and add more high-value, data-intensive applications to their operations. Our initial field work with these rail customers has been for applications related to train control systems in the 900 MHz frequency band where the FCC has recently awarded our railroad customers new radio spectrum in connection with the Anterix 900 Report and Order. We are working with Siemens to introduce our FullMAX platform and intelligent Fog-computing capability in the form of a shared network to the Class 1 railroads in the 900 MHz frequency band. We expect multiple rail customers to participate in extensive lab and field work in connection with the planning for a commercial rollout beginning in 2021. We expect a 900 MHz network upgrade cycle across all Class I railroad systems over the next few years in order to comply with FCC license requirements and meet business needs related to safety and profitability.

We are also currently lab testing with rail customers in the 160 MHz land mobile radio (LMR) network, which is where the Class I railroads run their legacy critical voice LMR applications. We believe the rails are exploring options to upgrade their legacy 160 MHz network to better utilize the frequency band and add additional network capacity for new data requirements related to MC-IoT applications. The Class 1 railroads would like this next-generation 160 MHz network to offer critical voice over IP in addition to carrying new data traffic. We believe our FullMAX platform meets these new, next-generation network requirements for a Land Mobile Data Radio (LMDR) system. We are also planning with Siemens to jointly develop an on-locomotive wireless system with FullMAX embedded in Siemens Head-of-Train (“HOT”) on-train systems. The HOT wireless system will utilize the Class 1 railroads existing 450 MHz band for on-train telemetry data applications. Our activity with the freight railroads has led to similar network opportunities amongst Class II railroad operators. We expect additional purchase orders from Class I and Class II railroads in the fourth quarter of 2020 and large commercial-scale orders in 2021.

We entered the aviation services market in late 2019 when we received a purchase order for base stations and remote radios from a customer planning to deploy a nationwide network for the command and control of commercial drones. We completed the fulfillment of that purchase order in July 2020 and the customer has completed the initial nationwide deployment to satisfy FCC license requirements. We are now working closely with the customer and ecosystem partners to fully commercialize an end-to-end system designed to develop an FAA-compliant industrial UAS navigation system. We expect additional purchase orders in 2020 for development work related to system commercialization and for testing equipment from end user customers.

We initiated field trials with large electric utility and oil and gas customers in 2019 and continue to target sales pipeline opportunities in these sectors as we work to secure significant reference customers in these important end markets. We continued to support customers in the government security sector, including through deployment of a network supporting a mobile maritime border security installation in the Caribbean for Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI), a leading Israeli defense systems supplier (This radar based security and intruder detection installation, integrated with a FullMAX network, can be replicated by sovereign nations globally.

In addition to selling our FullMAX solutions for dedicated private wide area networks, we intend to offer mission-critical wireless services to industrial customers and governmental users in the form of a Managed Private Network in Alaska and four strategic industrial counties bordering the Gulf of Mexico.  We are now offering mission-critical wireless connectivity and secured initial customers in these regions. In Alaska, we established mission-critical wireless service covering Anchorage and Fairbanks North Star, Alaska’s two most populated boroughs with more than half the State’s approximate 740,000 population. In the Gulf of Mexico region, we established service and coverage in coastal counties including Cameron Parish in Louisiana, and Victoria, Calhoun and Jefferson Counties in Texas.

In December 2018, we established a China-based subsidiary located in Chengdu, to market our products in China by targeting critical infrastructure industries. We explored the establishment of supply chain management and manufacturing operations for both local customers and for export. We expected to secure lower component costs via the further development of our supply chain in Asia for high volume production and planned to develop internal capabilities for product assembly and testing. However, in the fourth quarter of 2019, we revised our business strategy and withdrew our direct marketing and manufacturing efforts in China after determining that our customers, in particular those customers operating in the U.S., including electric utility and rail sectors, strongly preferred that our products be manufactured outside of China. Consequently, we have dissolved our China-affiliated subsidiary.

FullMAX Network Architecture

Sales and Marketing

We generate sales leads and new customers through direct sales efforts, third party resellers, customer referrals, consultant referrals, trade show attendance, general marketing efforts and public relations.

After basic qualification of the prospect, the typical sales process starts with the customer supplying us with key information regarding their network assets including the location of their existing radio tower sites and the remote locations where they require data connectivity. We use this information to generate radio frequency coverage maps based on our FullMAX technology. This information is formatted into a proposal which is then reviewed with the customer to determine the suitability of our solution. The next step typically involves a customer paid onsite lab evaluation of our products during which the customer tests for basic functionality, security and application compatibility. This is typically followed by a live, real world outdoor test in which the customer purchases additional equipment to communicate with a representative number of utility infrastructure control points.

Following the successful evaluation of the FullMAX product in a pilot network, the customer may choose, or be required, to complete a Request for Proposal (RFP) or Request for Quotation (RFQ) process to address the requirements of their entire network. We have participated in many such processes and have developed an extensive library of material and processes for responding effectively and efficiently in a timely manner.

If we are selected, we typically enter into contract negotiations with the customer based on our standard terms and condition of sale, software licensing agreement and warranty policy. The customer then generates a purchase order and we commence fulfillment of the order. Many purchase orders allow for or require phased delivery of products over several months or years.

Many of our customers are conservative in their decision-making process. Sales cycles for new customers can vary from one to three years depending on the complexity of the customer’s network, whether the customer is subject to state regulations, and annual budget cycles. We believe that the sales cycle will shorten as we build our market presence with successful FullMAX deployments which will serve as reference customers and as the IEEE 802.16s multi-vendor ecosystem develops.

Manufacturing, Availability and Dependence upon Suppliers

We design the printed circuit boards and enclosures for our radios and maintain the bill of materials for all of the products we manufacturer. A Bill of Materials (BOM) is a list of the raw materials, sub-assemblies, intermediate assemblies, sub-components, parts and the quantities of each needed to manufacture an end product. The physical manufacturing of FullMAX circuit boards is outsourced to best-in-class industrial contract manufacturers. The contract manufacturer is responsible for sourcing the majority of components in the BOM, assembling the components onto the printed circuit boards and then delivering the final boards to us. Once at our facility, the boards are tested, then placed into enclosures and programmed with the appropriate software. The radios are then configured according to the requirement of the network and run through system level tests before being packaged and shipped to the customer.

We have elected to outsource manufacturing in order to allow us to focus on designing, developing and selling our products. Furthermore, outsourced manufacturing allows us to leverage the economies of scale and expertise of specialized outsourced manufacturers, reduce manufacturing and supply chain risk and distribution costs. We maintain multiple contract manufacturers, both domestically and internationally, to ensure competitive pricing and to reduce the risk from a single manufacturer.

Customer Support

We supply our customers with installation manuals, user guides and system documentation as well as onsite training customized to their specific needs. We are also capable of supporting installation and commissioning services either internally or, for extensive projects, through subcontracted third-party specialists.

We provide remote support to our customers including radio configuration assistance, hardware and software troubleshooting, software updates and software enhancements. The original purchase price of all FullMAX radios includes a one-year hardware warranty and software maintenance plan. After one year, the customer may enter into an Annual Support Agreement with us in order to continue their hardware warranty and software maintenance.

Product Development

We retain a dedicated team of software and hardware engineers that are responsible for developing and maintaining various aspects of our FullMAX technology. The core technology is based on state-of-the-art digital signal processing (DSP) chipsets, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and general-purpose processors. In wireless nomenclature, this concept is referred to as software defined radio (SDR) technology.

We believe FullMAX is one of the most flexible SDRs for private WANs on the market today. It can be viewed in contrast to most other commercial wireless technologies (e.g. LTE, Wi-Fi, etc.) which are based on dedicated communications chipsets with very limited flexibility. We have purposely designed the technology with a wide range of flexibility given the current and evolving requirements of industrial field area data networks. Specifically, we capable of accommodate legacy protocols that predate Internet Protocol (IP) and Ethernet while also supporting some of the most advanced protocols in the world including multiprotocol label switching (MPLS). This flexibility offers industrial and governmental a smooth migration path to our advanced technology. Our flexible hardware and software radio architecture ensures we can support the entire range of protocols as our customers evolve their networks and applications.

Our SDR technology also provides our customers with unmatched flexibility with respect to radio spectrum frequency bands and channel sizes. Our FullMAX radios work in frequency bands ranging from 70 MHz to 6 GHz and in channel sizes from 12.5 kHz to 10 MHz. This flexibility allows our customers to repurpose their existing underutilized spectrum assets or access new licensed radio spectrum at a lower cost.

FullMAX radios have three major software components: (i) general embedded Linux-based software, (ii) DSP software, and (iii) FPGA software. FullMAX Base Stations and Remote radios have distinct software packages which combine these three components. Also, different computer software tools are used to develop the source code for each of the components. Hardware design and development is completed using standard computerized hardware design tools.

Our product design process begins with detailed requirements supplied from current and prospective customers. These inputs then flow into our development roadmap, which is divided into six, 12 and 36-month plans. A majority of our ongoing development is software related which includes the following development process: (i) requirements specification, (ii) high level design, (iii) detailed design, (iv) coding, (v) unit test, (vi) integration tests, (vii) lab verification tests, and (viii) outdoor deployment verification.

Our FullMAX technology is a single-tier (Tier 1) point-to-multi-point broadband wireless system. Our FullMAX platform is available via: (1) our Venus Base Station and Remote Radio hardware platform with transmit power up to four watts; (2) our Mars Base Station hardware platform with enhanced processing power and up to 100 watts of transmit power and (3) our Mercury Remote hardware platform for ubiquitous low cost, wide area sensor based networks and for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS).

Research & Development

Our ability to develop state-of-the-art and cost-effective solutions relative to our competitors can only be achieved through our continued research and development efforts. Our research and development activities are headed by Menashe Shahar, our Chief Technology Officer, based in our Sunnyvale, California headquarters. Mr. Shahar is a co-founder of the Company and has over 30 years of telecommunications system development experience, including the design and implementation of broadband wireless data systems for top tier system integrators and service providers including WorldCom, Nortel and ADC. Mr. Shahar has been awarded multiple patents in the data communications industry and has been an active participant in major wireless standardization activities including IEEE 802.16. In addition to internal research and development efforts, we also engage third party consultants to assist us in our research and development activities.

Our research and development team works closely with our customer support team, and incorporates feedback from our customers into our product development plans to improve our products and address emerging market requirements.

Our research and development expenses were approximately $2,555,000 and approximately $4,411,000 for the nine-months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively and approximately $5,416,000 and approximately $3,077,000 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Intellectual Property

We rely primarily on patent, trademark and trade secret laws to protect our proprietary technologies and intellectual property. As of this filing, we held a total of six issued patents in the U.S., seven pending patent applications in the U.S., and one international pending patent application. Our patents expire between 2030 and 2037, subject to any patent extensions that may be available for such patents. Our intellectual property centers around creating and maintaining robust, private, highly secure, broadband industrial wireless networks using our FullMAX radio technology for our mission critical customers’ networks. We view our patents as a key strategic advantage as the markets for industrial wireless connectivity grows and as these industries move to standardized solutions and will enable us to earn licensing fees and/or royalties for the use of our patents.

We have a policy of requiring our officers, employees, contractors and other service providers and parties with which we do business to enter into confidentiality, non-disclosure (“NDAs”) and assignment of invention agreements before disclosure of any of our confidential or proprietary information.

Seasonality

We do not believe that the industry in which we compete is subject to seasonal sales fluctuation; however, we do recognize that a typical sales cycle for new customers may take from one to three years depending on the complexity of their network and whether the customer is subject to state regulations and/or annual budget cycles.

Concentration of Customers

Because we have only recently invested in our customer service and support organization, a small number of customers have accounted for a substantial amount of our revenue. During the nine-months ended September 30. 2020, 2 customers accounted for approximately $993,000 and $866,000 of our revenue, or approximately 51% and 44%, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2019, three customers accounted for approximately $144,000, $115,000 and $56,000 of our revenue, or approximately 45%, 36% and 18%, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2018, two customers accounted for approximately $145,000 and $32,000 of our revenue, or approximately 76% and 17%, respectively. No other customers provided more than 10% of our revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

Competition

We compete with alternatives to wireless technology, public cellular data networks and private wireless networking products from other manufactures. We believe that each of these competing solutions has core weaknesses when compared to FullMAX, as described below.

Non-wireless technologies:

Alternate technologies:

Public cellular data networks:

Other private wireless products:

Governmental Regulations

Our operations are subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations including:

We believe we have all the licenses materially required to conduct our operations, and we are in substantial compliance with applicable regulatory requirements. The operation of our manufactured products by our customers (network providers and service providers) in the U.S. or in foreign jurisdictions in a manner not in compliance with local law could result in fines, business disruption, or harm to our reputation. The changes to regulatory and technological requirements may also alter our product offerings, impacting our market share and business.  Failure to comply with applicable regulations could result in substantial fines or revocation of our operating licenses, or could give rise to termination or cancellation rights under our contracts or disqualify us from future bidding opportunities.

Employees

As of September 30, 2020, we have 17 full-time employees, one part-time employee, and 8 consultants. Additionally, from time to time, we may hire temporary employees. We also utilize contractors to manufacture components, for certain research and development and for system deployment functions. None of our employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement and we are unaware of any union organizing efforts. We have never experienced a major work stoppage, strike or dispute. We consider our relationship with our employees to be good.

Subsidiaries

We have one wholly owned operating subsidiary, Ondas Networks Inc., a Delaware corporation. Also, we have one wholly-owned subsidiary, FS Partners (Cayman) Limited, a Cayman Islands limited liability company, and one majority owned subsidiaries, Full Spectrum Holding Limited, a Cayman Islands limited liability company. Both FS Partners (Cayman) Limited and Full Spectrum Holding Limited were formed for the purpose of beginning operations in China. As described above, we revised our business strategy and are in the process of dissolving our China-affiliated subsidiaries. Once this process is complete, we will have only one wholly owned subsidiary, Ondas Networks Inc.

Corporate Information

We are a Nevada corporation. Our corporate headquarters and operation facilities are located at 165 Gibraltar Court, Sunnyvale, CA 94089. Our telephone number is (888) 350-9994 and our fax number is (408) 300-5750. We maintain a website at http://www.ondas.com.

Available Information

Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to such reports filed or furnished pursuant to section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as well as section 16 reports on Form 3, 4, or 5, are available free of charge on our website at http://www.ondas.com as soon as it is reasonably practicable after they are filed or furnished with the SEC. Our Code of Business Conduct and the charters for the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of our Board of Directors (“Board”) are also available on our website. The Code of Business Conduct and charters are also available in print to any shareholder upon request without charge. Requests for such documents should be directed to Eric Brock, Chief Executive Officer, at 165 Gibraltar Court, Sunnyvale, CA 94089. Our Internet website and the information contained on it or connected to it are not part of, or incorporated by, reference into this Form S-1. Our filings with the SEC are also available on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

MANAGEMENT

The following table sets forth information on our executive officers and directors as of November 16, 2020. The terms of service for each of our directors expires at our next annual meeting of stockholders or until their successors are duly elected and qualified. We do not have any promoters or control persons.