SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of Presentation These consolidated financial statements and related notes are presented in accordance with GAAP, expressed in U.S. dollars. The accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments including normal recurring adjustments, which, in the opinion of management, are necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the periods presented in accordance with GAAP. The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingencies at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Such estimates include, but are not limited to, allowance for credit losses, valuation of share-based compensation and warrants, accounting for warrants, useful lives of internally developed software and property and equipment, fair value of convertible notes, impairment of long lived assets, whether an arrangement is or contains a lease, income tax accruals, the valuation allowance for deferred income taxes, and contingent liabilities. The Company bases these estimates on historical and anticipated results, trends, and various other assumptions that it believes are reasonable under the circumstances, including assumptions as to future events. Actual results could differ from those estimates. FREIGHT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash consists of funds held in bank accounts. Cash equivalents consist of short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less at the time of purchase and generally include money market accounts. Concentrations of Credit Risk The Company maintains cash accounts with various financial institutions. At times, balances in these accounts may exceed federally insured limits. Accounts at each institution within the United States (“US”) are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) up to $ 250,000 . Additionally, a portion of the Company’s cash is deposited in non-US accounts. The funds are held with financial institutions that offer deposit insurance and bear specific country and regional risks. The amounts over the insured limits as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $ 1,186,214 449,991 The financial assets that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk is accounts receivable and unbilled receivables. At December 31, 2023, one customer accounted for 66 42 and 16 of the Company’s accounts receivable, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2023, one customer accounted for 33 17 and 11 of the Company’s revenues, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2021, one customer accounted for 37% of the Company’s revenues. Fair Value Measurements The Company is required to disclose information on all assets and liabilities reported at fair value that enables an assessment of the inputs used in determining the reported fair values. Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”), establishes a hierarchy of inputs used when available. Observable inputs are what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are those that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below: Level 1— Inputs based on unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2— Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. Level 3— Inputs reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. The inputs are both unobservable for the asset and liability in the market and significant to the overall fair value measurement. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments, which include trade accounts receivable, unbilled receivables, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and debt at variable interest rates, approximate their fair values at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, principally due to the short-term nature, maturities, or nature of interest rates of the above listed items. FREIGHT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses Accounts receivable are recorded at the net invoiced amount, net of allowances for credit losses, and do not bear interest. Unbilled receivables, which are reflected separately on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, include unbilled amounts for services rendered in the respective period but not yet billed to the customer until a future date, which typically occurs within one month. The allowance for credit losses is the Company’s best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in existing accounts receivable. In accordance with ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”, the Company also considers reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions and their expected impact on customer collections in determining the allowance for credit losses. The Company determines expected credit losses based on historical write-off experience, an analysis of the aging of outstanding receivables, customer payment patterns, and our expectations of changes in macro-economic conditions, that may impact the collectability of outstanding receivables. 282,058 171,009 Long-Lived Assets The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or circumstances exist that indicate the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets is measured by comparing the carrying amounts of the assets to the future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the assets. If the asset or asset group is considered to be impaired, an impairment loss would be recorded to adjust the carrying amounts to the estimated fair value. Management has determined that no impairment of long-lived assets exists, and accordingly, no adjustments to the carrying amounts of the Company’s long-lived assets have been made for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 Property and Equipment Property and equipment consisting of office and computer equipment, furniture and leasehold improvements are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives, ranging between three to seven years. SCHEDULE OF ESTIMATED USEFUL LIVES OF PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT Useful Lives Equipment 3 Furniture 7 Leasehold improvements Shorter of useful life of asset or lease term Capitalized Software The Company complies with the guidance of ASC Topic 350-40, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal Use Software FREIGHT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) Warrants The Company accounts for warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant’s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in FASB ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity Derivatives and Hedging Warrants classified as liabilities are recorded at fair value and are remeasured at each reporting date until settlement. Changes in fair value are recognized as a component of change in fair value of warrant liability in the consolidated statements of operations. The fair value of the warrant liabilities is estimated using a Black-Scholes option pricing formula. The warrant volatility assumption within the Black-Scholes model represents a Level 3 measurement within the fair value measurement hierarchy. Warrants classified as equity instruments are initially recognized at fair value and are not subsequently remeasured. The proceeds received from the sale of equity classified warrants and convertible note in a bundled transaction are allocated based on the relative fair values of warrants and convertible notes with no changes in fair value of warrants recognized after the issuance date and were recorded at the issuance date using a relative fair value allocation method. Equity classified warrants, which are issued as an inducement to the holder of convertible note to covert the note, are recognized as an expense equal to the fair value of the warrant in accordance with ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options. When equity classified warrants are issued to the convertible note holder as an additional consideration for the holder to provide additional funding under the existing convertible note agreement, the additional funding is allocated based on the residual fair value allocation method in which the fair value of the additional funding is first allocated to the convertible note and the remaining proceeds are allocated to the equity classified warrant. Advertising Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising costs amounted to $ 46,726 43,299 421 Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes using an asset and liability approach that requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for future tax consequences attributable to differences between financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis, net operating losses, tax credit and other carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates when the assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. The Company regularly reviews deferred tax assets for realizability and establishes valuation allowances based on available evidence including historical operating losses, projected future taxable income, expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences, and appropriate tax planning strategies. If the Company’s assessment of the realizability of a deferred tax asset changes, an increase to a valuation allowance will result in a reduction of net earnings at that time, while the reduction of a valuation allowance will result in an increase of net earnings at that time. The Company follows ASC Topic 740-10-65-1 in accounting for uncertainty in income taxes by prescribing rules for recognition, measurement and classification in financial statements of tax positions taken or expected to be in a tax return. This prescribes a two-step process for the financial statement measurement and recognition of a tax position. The first step involves the determination of whether it is more likely than not (greater than 50 percent likelihood) that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, based on the technical merits of the position. The second step requires that any tax position that meets the more likely than not recognition threshold be measured and recognized in the financial statements at the largest amount of benefit that is a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. This topic also provides guidance on the accounting for related interest and penalties, financial statement classification and disclosure. The Company’s policy is that any interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions are recognized in income tax expense when incurred. The Company has no uncertain tax positions or related interest or penalties requiring accrual at December 31, 2023 and 2022. FREIGHT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) Foreign Currency Translation The financial statements of the Company’s subsidiary operating in Mexico are prepared to conform to U.S. GAAP and translated into U.S. Dollars by applying a current exchange rate. The local currency has been determined to be the functional currency. Assets and liabilities of non-U.S. operations are translated at period-end exchange rates. Items appearing in the consolidated statements of operations are translated using average exchange rates during each period. Translation gains and losses are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as a component of stockholders’ equity (deficit). Intangible Assets Intangible assets include the Company’s domain name and are accounted for based on ASC Topic 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other Foreign Operations Operations outside the United States include a wholly-owned subsidiary in Mexico. Foreign operations are subject to risks inherent in operating under different legal systems and various political and economic environments. Among the risks are changes in existing tax laws, possible limitations on foreign investment and income repatriation, government price or foreign exchange controls, and restrictions on currency exchange. Revenue Recognition The Company’s revenues are accounted for under FASB ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers Freight Transportation Brokerage Services The Company’s freight transportation brokerage services include Fr8App Full Truckload (“FTL”), providing a single customer the use of an entire truckload, and Fr8Now Less Than Truckload (“LTL), providing multiple customers the use of a partial truckload in each truck. Shippers contract with the Company to utilize the Company’s network of independent freight carriers to transport freight. Those shipments are the Company’s single performance obligations, arising under contracts the Company has entered into with customers that define the price for performance obligation and payment terms. The Company’s acceptance of the shipment request establishes enforceable rights and obligations for each contract. By accepting the shipper’s order, the Company has responsibility for transportation of the shipment from origin to destination. Under such contracts, revenue is recognized when performance obligations are satisfied, which generally represents the transit period from origin to destination by a third-party carrier which can vary based on origin and destination, or the capacity used. This is appropriate as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits as the Company performs its obligation. The Company determines revenue in-transit using the output method based on shipping milestones. Measure of revenue in-transit requires the application of judgment. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for providing services. Accessorial charges for fuel surcharge, loading and unloading, stop charges, and other immaterial charges are part of the consideration received for the single performance obligation of delivering shipments. FREIGHT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) Dedicated Capacity Services The Company provides customers with dedicated shipment capacity for a specific period of time under Fr8Fleet. The current arrangements under Fr8Fleet include an obligation to provide weekly shipping capacity. The Company’s performance obligation in this arrangement is to provide the shipping capacity and the transaction price is fixed. Under such contracts, revenue is recognized when performance obligations are satisfied, which generally represents when trucks are provided to the shipper over the term of the agreement. The Company utilizes the output method for revenue recognition based on direct measurements of the value transferred to the customer, which is the number of trucks provided to the customer per day. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for providing services. Payment for the Company’s services is generally due within 30 to 45 days upon delivery of the shipment. Contracts entered into with customers do not contain material financing components. Through the Company’s freight brokerage services and dedicated capacity, the Company is responsible for identifying and directing independent freight carriers to transport the shipper’s goods. The transportation of the loads is outsourced to third-party carriers. The Company is a principal in these arrangements, and therefore records revenue associated with these contracts on a gross basis. The Company controls the service and has primary responsibility to meet the customer’s requirements. The Company invoices and collects from its customers, maintains discretion over pricing and is responsible for resolving customer claims. Additionally, the Company is responsible for selection of third-party transportation providers to the extent used to satisfy customer freight requirements. At times, billing occurs subsequent to revenue recognition, resulting in an unbilled receivable which represents a contract asset. This contract asset is recorded as an unbilled receivable and presented on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company receives the unconditional right to bill when shipments are delivered to their destination. A summary of the Company’s revenue by major service lines is as follows: SUMMARY OF COMPANY REVENUE BY MAJOR SERVICE LINE $’000 2023 2022 2021 Years Ended December 31, $’000 2023 2022 2021 Freight Transportation Brokerage 13,474,282 23,467,806 21,411,450 Dedicated Capacity 3,586,471 2,420,630 62,701 Total Revenue 17,060,753 25,888,436 21,474,151 Convertible Debt The Company elected the fair value option (“FVO”) of accounting under ASC 825-10, Financial Instruments (“ASC 825”), to record its convertible note issued in 2023 at fair value at issuance and subsequently remeasures to fair value each reporting period. The primary reason for electing the fair value option was for simplification and cost-benefit considerations of accounting for the convertible notes at fair value versus bifurcation of the embedded derivatives. The convertible note accounted for under the FVO represents a financial instrument containing embedded features which would otherwise be required to be bifurcated from the debt-host and recognized as separate derivative liabilities subject to initial and subsequent periodic estimated fair value measurements under ASC 815. The Company has elected to present interest expenses separately from changes in fair value and therefore interest associated with the convertible note is presented as interest expense in the consolidated statement of operations. All costs associated with the issuance of the convertible note accounted for using the FVO were expensed upon issuance. The fair value of the convertible note is determined using a binomial lattice model and classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. Share-Based Compensation The Company accounts for share-based awards, including stock options and restricted stock awards, issued to employees in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based payment Accounting For modification of stock compensation awards, the Company records the incremental fair value of the modified award as share-based compensation on the date of modification for vested awards or over the remaining vesting period for unvested awards. The incremental compensation is the excess of the fair value of the modified award on the date of modification over the fair value of the original award immediately before the modification. In addition, the Company records the remaining unrecognized compensation cost for the original cost for the original award on the modification date over the remaining vesting period for unvested awards. FREIGHT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) The Company estimates the expected term of stock options granted to employees using the simplified method, whereby the expected term equals the average of the vesting term and the original contractual term of the option. The Company utilizes this method as the Company does not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate the expected term. For stock options granted to non-employees, the contractual term of the option is utilized as the basis for the expected term assumption. All other assumptions used to calculate the grant date fair value are generally consistent with the assumptions used for options granted to employees. For purposes of calculating share-based compensation, the Company estimates the fair value of stock options using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The determination of the fair value of share-based payment awards utilizing the Black-Scholes model is affected by the Company’s stock price and a number of assumptions, including expected volatility, expected life, risk-free interest rate and expected dividends. The expected volatility is primarily based on the historical volatility of peer company data while the expected life of the stock options is based on historical and other economic data trended into the future. The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for periods corresponding to the expected option term. The dividend yield assumption is based on the Company’s history and expectation of no dividend payouts. If factors change and the Company employs different assumptions, share-based compensation expense may differ significantly from what has been recorded in the past. If there is a difference between the assumptions used in determining share-based compensation expense and the actual factors which become known over time, specifically with respect to anticipated forfeitures, the Company may change the input factors used in determining share-based compensation costs for future grants. These changes, if any, may materially impact the Company’s results of operations in the period such changes are made. Incremental compensation costs arising from subsequent modifications of awards after the grant date are recognized when incurred. In addition, the Company accounts for forfeitures of awards as they occur. For share-based awards that vest based on performance conditions, expense is recognized when it is probable that the conditions will be met. Earnings Per Share Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of outstanding ordinary shares for the period, considering the effect of the securities series A and B preferred stock and series seed preferred stock. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net earnings (loss) by the weighted average number of ordinary shares and dilutive ordinary shares equivalents outstanding. During the periods when they are anti-dilutive, ordinary share equivalents including those from warrants and convertible notes, if any, are not considered in the computation. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were 1,246,687 63,671 Segments Operating segments are defined as components of an entity for which separate financial information is available. The Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for the purposes of making operating decisions, allocating resources, and evaluating financial performance. As such, the Company has determined that it operates in one operating and one reportable segment. The Company presents financial information about its operating segment and geographical areas in Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, “Reference rate reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the effects of reference rate reform on financial reporting.” The ASU provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions affected by reference rate reform. The amendments apply only to contracts and hedging relationships that reference London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued due to reference rate reform. The amendments are elective and are effective upon issuance. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, “Reference rate reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the sunset date of Topic 848” which defers the expiration date for Topic 848 from December 31, 2022 until December 31, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting this new accounting guidance, but does not expect the adoption of the standard to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. FREIGHT TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) In September 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-04, “Liabilities—Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50): Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations,” which is intended to enhance the transparency surrounding the use of supplier finance programs. The guidance requires companies that use supplier finance programs to make annual disclosures about the program’s key terms, the balance sheet presentation of related amounts, the confirmed amount outstanding at the end of the period and associated rollforward information. Only the amount outstanding at the end of the period must be disclosed in interim periods. The guidance does not affect the recognition, measurement or financial statement presentation of supplier finance program obligations. The guidance becomes effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years, except for the rollforward information, which is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023. The Company does not have any supplier finance programs and does not believe the impact of adopting this accounting standard update will be material to the consolidated financial statements. In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to reportable Segment Disclosures (ASU 2023-07), which is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses and by extending the disclosure requirements to entities with a single reportable segment. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 2023-07 is to be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. Upon transition, the segment expense categories and amounts disclosed in the prior periods should be based on the significant segment expense categories identified and disclosed in the period of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting this accounting standard update on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The amendments require (i) enhanced disclosures in connection with an entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation and (ii) income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. The standard is intended to benefit investors by providing more detailed income tax disclosures that would be useful in making capital allocation decisions. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this accounting standard update on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures. |