SEACOR Marine (SMHI) 10-K2022 FY Annual report

United States

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

ANNUAL REPORT

PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022

For the transition period from to

Commission file number 1-37966

SEACOR Marine Holdings Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (346) 980-1700

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

(Title of Class)

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. ☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404 (b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No

The aggregate market value of the voting stock of the registrant held by non-affiliates as of June 30, 2022 was approximately $135.8 million based on the closing price on the New York Stock Exchange on such date. The total number of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of February 27, 2023 was 26,805,389.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

SEACOR MARINE HOLDINGS INC.

FORM 10-K

TABLE OF CONTENTS

i

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements discussed in Item 1. (Business), Item 1A. (Risk Factors), Item 3. (Legal Proceedings), Item 7. (Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations), Item 7A. (Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk) and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K as well as in other materials and oral statements that the Company releases from time to time to the public constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements concern management’s expectations, strategic objectives, business prospects, anticipated economic performance and financial condition and other similar matters and involve significant known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause the actual results, performance or achievements of results to differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements discussed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Certain of these risks, uncertainties and other important factors are discussed in Item 1A. (Risk Factors) and Item 7. (Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations). However, it should be understood that it is not possible to identify or predict all such risks, uncertainties and factors, and others may arise from time to time. All of these forward-looking statements constitute the Company’s cautionary statements under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The words “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,” “intend,” “believe,” “plan,” “target,” “forecast” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of the document in which they are made. The Company disclaims any obligation or undertaking to provide any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statement to reflect any change in the Company’s expectations or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which the forward-looking statement is based unless required by law. It is advisable, however, to consult any further disclosures the Company makes on related subjects in its Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

General

Unless the context indicates otherwise, the terms “we,” “our,” “ours,” “us,” “its” and the “Company” refer to SEACOR Marine Holdings Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. “SEACOR Marine” refers to SEACOR Marine Holdings Inc., incorporated in 2014 in Delaware, without its subsidiaries. “Common Stock” refers to the common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of SEACOR Marine. The Company’s fiscal year ends on December 31 of each year.

SEACOR Marine’s principal executive office is located at 12121 Wickchester Lane, Suite 500, Houston, Texas 77079, and its telephone number is (346) 980-1700. SEACOR Marine’s website address is www.seacormarine.com. Any reference to SEACOR Marine’s website is not intended to incorporate the information on the website into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The Company’s corporate governance documents, including SEACOR Marine’s Board of Directors’ Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee charters as well as the Company’s Corporate Governance Guidelines and Code of Ethics are available, free of charge, on SEACOR Marine’s website or in print for stockholders who request a copy.

All of the Company’s periodic and other reports filed with the SEC pursuant to Section 13(a), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), are available, free of charge, on SEACOR Marine’s website, including its Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, Proxy Statements and any amendments to those reports. These reports and amendments are available on SEACOR Marine’s website as soon as reasonably practicable after the Company electronically files the reports or amendments with the SEC. The SEC maintains a website (www.sec.gov) that contains these reports, proxy and information statements and other information.

Business

The Company provides global marine and support transportation services to offshore energy facilities worldwide. The Company operates and manages a diverse fleet of offshore support vessels that (i) deliver cargo and personnel to offshore installations, including offshore wind farms, (ii) assist offshore operations for production and storage facilities, (iii) provide construction, well work-over, offshore wind farm installation and decommissioning support, (iv) carry and launch equipment used underwater in drilling and well installation, maintenance, inspection and repair and (v) handle anchors and mooring equipment for offshore rigs and platforms. Additionally, the Company’s vessels provide emergency response services and accommodations for technicians and specialists.

On January 12, 2021, the Company completed the announced sale of Windcat Workboats Holdings Limited (“Windcat Workboats”), the Company’s indirect wholly owned subsidiary, and the crew transfer vessel (“CTV”) business of Windcat Workboats (the “Windcat Workboats CTV Business”), which was previously classified as assets held for sale as of the end of the fourth quarter 2020. Unless the context indicates otherwise, the results for all periods presented exclude the CTV operations of the Windcat Workboats CTV Business which are classified as CTV - Discontinued Operations.

1

For a discussion of risk and economic factors that may impact the Company’s financial position and its results of operations, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Equipment and Services

The following tables identify the types of vessels that comprise the Company’s fleet as of December 31 for the indicated years. “Owned” are majority owned and controlled by the Company. “Joint-Ventured” are owned or operated by entities in which the Company does not have a controlling interest. “Leased-in” may either be vessels contracted from leasing companies to which the Company may have sold and leased back such vessels or vessels chartered-in from other third party owners. “Managed” are owned by entities not affiliated with the Company but operated by the Company for a fee. A description of vessel classes follows this table.

Platform supply vessels (“PSVs”) generally range from 190 to more than 300 feet in length and are primarily used to deliver general cargo, drilling fluids, bulk products, methanol, diesel fuel and water to rigs and platforms where drilling and work-over activity is underway. These vessels can be modified for a wide variety of other uses and missions, including, but not limited to, construction support (typically when fitted with a crane), standby, security, firefighting, and accommodation. Relevant differentiating features of PSVs are total carrying capacity (expressed as deadweight: “dwt”), available area of clear deck space, below-deck capacity for storage of mud and bulk products used in the drilling process, tank storage for water and fuel oil, accommodation capacity and fuel efficiency. To improve fuel efficiency, reduce carbon and other emissions, and provide greater redundancy, PSVs are sometimes equipped with hybrid battery power systems. As of December 31, 2022, six of the 21 owned PSVs were equipped with hybrid battery power systems. Additional factors in the commercial marketability of PSVs are operating draft because certain markets are limited in the size of vessel that can work safely, local flag preference, cabotage requirements and regulations. To improve station keeping ability, many modern PSVs have DP systems capabilities. As of December 31, 2022, all 21 of the owned PSVs were equipped with DP-2.

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Fast support vessels (“FSVs”) are aluminum hull vessels used primarily to move cargo and personnel to and from offshore drilling rigs, platforms and other installations at greater speeds than traditional steel hull support vessels. FSVs can be catamaran or mono-hull vessels ranging from 145 to 205 feet in length and capable of speeds between 20 to 45 knots with capacities to carry special cargo, support both drilling operations and production services and transport passengers. The Company’s FSV fleet includes vessels that have a passenger capacity of 36 to 150 and, on certain newer FSVs, include reclining seating, ambient lighting and other features to enhance comfort and marketability for passenger transport. FSVs built within the last ten years are sometimes equipped with DP-2 systems, firefighting equipment, hospitals, walk to work and ride control systems for greater comfort and performance. As of December 31, 2022, 21 of the 23 owned and leased-in FSVs were equipped with DP-2 and two were equipped with DP-3. We have been a pioneer in improving the fuel efficiency of FSVs. For instance, our FSV fleet is comprised of vessels with semi-displacement hulls and many of our vessels include Ride Control Technology that optimizes vessel trim and dampens acceleration to reduce fuel consumption. We have also been exploring additional means to cut down on fuel consumption of FSVs, such as through the installation of whole hull ultrasonic antifouling systems. This antifouling technology is currently on 11 of our FSVs.

Liftboats provide a self-propelled, stable platform to perform offshore wind farm installation and maintenance, production platform construction, inspection, maintenance and removal, well intervention and work-over, well production enhancement, well plug and abandonment, pipeline installation and maintenance and diving operations. The length of jacking legs (235 feet to 335 feet for the Company’s liftboats) determines the water depth in which these vessels can work. Other differentiating features are crane lifting capacity and reach, clear deck area, helipad and electrical generating power and accommodation capacity. Liftboats are used in all of our operating areas. As of December 31, 2022, three of the nine owned liftboats were equipped with DP-2, one with DP-1 and the remaining liftboats were not equipped with DP. Liftboats can support projects while elevated out of the water, shutting down all main engines and relying on one generator during the project, realizing a significant reduction in fuel consumption over vessels that can perform similar missions but that would have to run all engines for the same performance.

Anchor handling towing supply vessels (“AHTS”) are used primarily to support offshore drilling activities by towing, positioning and mooring drilling rigs and other marine equipment. AHTS are also used to carry and launch equipment such as remote operated vehicles (“ROVs”) used underwater in drilling and well installation, maintenance, and repair and transport supplies and equipment from shore bases to offshore drilling rigs, platforms and other installations, including floating offshore wind farm installations. The defining characteristics of AHTS are: (i) horsepower (“bhp”); (ii) Bollard pull, which is the pulling capacity of the AHTS and is important for towing and positioning rigs; (iii) winch size in terms of “line pull” and brake holding capacity; and (iv) wire storage capacity. The Company’s fleet of AHTS has varying capabilities and supports offshore mooring activities in water depths ranging from 300 to 8,000 feet. Most modern AHTS are equipped with DP systems and can also carry drilling fluids and bulk products below-deck. As of December 31, 2022, all five of the Company’s owned and leased-in AHTS were equipped with DP-2.

Specialty vessels include anchor handling tugs, accommodation, line handling and other vessels. These vessels generally have specialized features adapting them to specific applications including offshore maintenance and construction services, freight hauling services and accommodation services. We no longer have specialty vessels in the active fleet.

In addition to its existing fleet, as of December 31, 2022, the Company has a construction project in progress for one U.S.-flag, DP-2 FSV with an uncertain delivery date as the Company, at its option, may defer its construction for an indefinite period of time.

Markets

The Company operates its fleet in four principal geographic regions: the United States (“U.S.”), primarily in the Gulf of Mexico; Africa and Europe; the Middle East and Asia; and Latin America, primarily in Mexico and Guyana. The Company’s vessels are highly mobile and regularly and routinely move between countries within a geographic region. In addition, the Company’s vessels are redeployed among its geographic regions, subject to flag restrictions, as changes in market conditions dictate.

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The table below sets forth vessel types by geographic market as of December 31 for the indicated years. The Company sometimes participates in joint venture arrangements in certain geographical locations in order to enhance marketing capabilities and facilitate operations in certain foreign markets allowing for the expansion of its fleet and operations while diversifying risks and reducing capital outlays associated with such expansion.

United States, primarily U.S. Gulf of Mexico. As of December 31, 2022, 16 vessels were located in this region, including 12 owned, two leased-in and two managed. The Company’s vessels in this market consist primarily of a fleet of FSVs, PSVs and liftboats that support oil and natural gas exploration and production activities, seasonal construction, decommissioning and diving support operations, as well as the construction and maintenance of offshore wind farms.

Africa and Europe, continuing operations. As of December 31, 2022, 19 vessels were located in this region, including 18 owned and one leased-in. The Company’s vessels in this market generally support projects for major oil companies primarily in Angola, Nigeria and the North Sea. On January 12, 2021, the Company completed the sale of its Windcat Workboats CTV Business, comprised of 46 CTVs (45 active vessels and one vessel previously removed from service) located in Europe providing crew transfer to offshore wind farms.

Middle East and Asia. As of December 31, 2022, 16 vessels were located in this region, all of which were owned. The Company’s vessels in this area generally support exploration, personnel transport and seasonal construction activities in Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Egypt and Israel.

Latin America. As of December 31, 2022, nine vessels were located in this region, all of which were owned. These vessels consist of a fleet of FSVs and PSVs that provide support for exploration and production activities primarily in Mexico and Guyana. From time to time, the Company’s vessels also work in Trinidad and Tobago, Brazil and Colombia. On September 29, 2022, the Company sold its equity interests in Mantenimiento Express Marítimo, S.A.P.I. de C.V. (“MexMar”), and Offshore Vessels Holding, S.A.P.I. de C.V. (“OVH”), and acquired 100% of the equity interest in SEACOR Marlin LLC. As a result, the Company no longer operates 19 of the joint-ventured vessels owned by MexMar and OVH, and acquired one previously joint-ventured vessel owned by SEACOR Marlin LLC.

4

Seasonality

The demand for the Company’s fleet can fluctuate with weather conditions because maintenance, construction and decommissioning activities are planned during times of the year with more favorable weather conditions. Seasonality is most pronounced for the liftboat fleet in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico and offshore support vessels in the Europe, Middle East and West Africa, with peak demand normally occurring during the summer months. As a consequence of this seasonality, the Company typically schedules drydockings or other repair and maintenance activity during the winter months.

Customers and Contractual Arrangements

The Company’s principal customers are major integrated national and international oil companies, independent oil and natural gas exploration and production companies, oil field service and construction companies, as well as offshore wind farm operators and offshore wind farm installation and maintenance companies. For oil and natural gas customers, the volatility of commodity prices and an increased focus on capital discipline (e.g., limiting spending to existing free cash flow and prioritizing returning money to shareholders) limit their field development and production activities which utilize the Company’s services, as these companies continue to focus on increasing or maintaining efficiency, controlling costs and delaying or abandoning exploration activity and facilities with less promise. However, some of our oil and natural gas customers are increasing their capital expenditures in response to higher post-pandemic demand for energy and are increasing their focus on reliable and secure energy sources while maintaining capital discipline. Additionally, increasing offshore wind farm development, particularly in the U.S., has provided opportunities for the Company to work with new customers.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, two customers, ExxonMobil and SEACOR Marine Arabia LLC (“SEACOR Marine Arabia”), a joint venture that is 45% owned by a subsidiary of SEACOR Marine, through which vessels are in service to Saudi Aramco, were each responsible for over 10% of the Company’s consolidated operating revenues from continuing operations. ExxonMobil and Saudi Aramco were responsible for 18% and 14%, respectively, of the Company’s consolidated revenues from continuing operations in 2022. The Company’s ten largest customers accounted for approximately 63% of the consolidated revenues from continuing operations in 2022. The loss of one or more of these customers could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

The Company earns revenue primarily from the time charter and bareboat charter of vessels to customers. Since the Company charges customers based upon daily rates of hire, vessel revenues are recognized on a daily basis throughout the contract period. Under a time charter, the Company provides a vessel to a customer and is responsible for all operating expenses, typically excluding fuel. Under a bareboat charter, the Company provides a vessel to a customer and the customer assumes responsibility for all operating expenses and assumes all risks of operation. In the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, time charter durations and rates are typically established in the context of master service agreements that govern the terms and conditions of the charter.

In the Company’s operating areas, contracts or charters vary in length from several days to multi-year periods. Many of the Company’s contracts and charters include cancellation clauses without early termination penalties. As a result of cancellations, options and frequent renewals, the stated duration of charters may not correlate with the length of time the vessel is contracted for to provide services to a particular customer.

Competitive Conditions

The market for offshore marine services is highly fragmented and competitive depending upon the region of operation. The most important competitive factors are pricing, availability and specifications of equipment to fit customer requirements. Other important factors include service, reputation, flag preference, local marine operating and regulatory conditions, the ability to provide and maintain logistical support given the complexity of a project and the cost of moving equipment from one geographic region to another.

The Company has numerous competitors in each of the geographic regions in which it operates, ranging from international companies that operate in many regions to smaller local companies that typically concentrate their activities in one specific country or region.

Risks of Foreign Operations

For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, 72%, 88%, and 89%, respectively, of the Company’s operating revenues from continuing operations and $7.0 million, $15.4 million and ($7.5) million, respectively, of the Company’s equity in earnings (losses) from 50% or less owned companies, net of tax, were derived from its foreign operations.

Foreign operations are subject to inherent risks, which, if they materialize, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows or prospects. See the risk factors regarding international operations in “Item 1A. Risk Factors.”

5

Government Regulation

The Company’s ownership, operation, construction and staffing of vessels is subject to significant regulation under various international, federal, state and local laws, regulations and conventions, including international conventions and ship registry laws of the nations under which the Company’s vessels are flagged, especially with respect to foreign ownership, health, safety, environmental protection and vessel and port security. The following summary is intended to highlight key regulations applicable to the Company’s operations and vessels, and is not intended to be comprehensive.

The Company does not expect that it will be required to make capital expenditures in the near future to comply with applicable laws and regulations that would have a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operations, cash flows or prospects. The Company is subject to extensive federal, state, local and international environmental and safety laws and regulations and to comprehensive international conventions, including laws and regulations related to the discharge of oil and pollutants into waters regulated thereunder. Violations of these laws may result in civil and criminal penalties, fines, injunctions, or other sanctions, any of which could be material. However, because such laws and regulations frequently change and may impose increasingly strict requirements, the Company cannot predict the ultimate cost of complying with these laws and regulations.

Regulatory Matters

Most of the vessels operated by the Company are registered in foreign jurisdictions, with the remainder registered in the U.S. Vessels are subject to the laws of the applicable jurisdiction as to ownership, registration, manning, environmental protection and safety. In addition, the Company’s vessels are subject to the requirements of a number of international conventions that are applicable to vessels depending on their jurisdiction of registration. Among the more significant of these conventions are: (i) the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (“MARPOL”); (ii) the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 and 1978 Protocols (“SOLAS”); (iii) the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (“STCW”); (iv) the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 (the “MLC”); and (v) the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (the “ISPS Code”).

Domestically registered vessels are subject to the jurisdiction of the U.S. Coast Guard (“USCG”), the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (“CBP”), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) and the U.S. Maritime Administration (“MARAD”), as well as in certain instances applicable state and local laws. The Company’s operations may be, from time to time, regulated by the U.S. Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (“BSEE”) and its Safety and Environmental Management System regulations, and the Company must also periodically certify that its maritime operations adhere to those regulations. These agencies and organizations establish safety requirements and standards and, together with the National Transportation Safety Board (“NTSB”), are authorized to investigate vessels and accidents and to recommend improved maritime safety standards. The Company is also subject to the requirements of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (“OSHA”), and comparable state laws and regulations that govern the protection of the health and safety of employees.

The Company is subject to regulation under the Jones Act and related U.S. cabotage laws, which restrict ownership and operation of vessels in the U.S. coastwise trade (defined as trade between points in the U.S.), including the transportation of cargo. Subject to limited exceptions, the Jones Act requires that vessels engaged in U.S. coastwise trade be built in the U.S., registered under the U.S.-flag, manned by predominantly U.S. crews, and be owned and operated by U.S. citizens within the meaning of the Jones Act. Violation of the Jones Act could prohibit operation of vessels in the U.S. coastwise trade during the period of such non-compliance, result in material fines and subject Company vessels to seizure and forfeiture.

To facilitate compliance with the Jones Act, SEACOR Marine’s Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Third Amended and Restated By-Laws: (i) limit the aggregate percentage ownership by non-U.S. citizens of any class of SEACOR Marine’s capital stock (including Common Stock) to 22.5% of the outstanding shares of each such class to ensure that ownership by non-U.S. citizens will not exceed the maximum percentage permitted by applicable maritime law (presently 25%) but authorize SEACOR Marine’s Board of Directors, under certain circumstances, to increase the foregoing percentage to 24%; (ii) permit the use of a dual stock certification system to help determine such ownership; (iii) provide that any issuance or transfer of shares in excess of such permitted percentage shall be ineffective as against SEACOR Marine and prohibit SEACOR Marine and its transfer agent from registering such purported issuance or transfer of shares or be required to recognize the purported transferee or owner as a stockholder of SEACOR Marine for any purpose whatsoever except to exercise its remedies; (iv) provide that any such excess shares shall not have any voting or dividend rights; (v) permit SEACOR Marine to redeem any such excess shares; and (vi) permit the Board of Directors of SEACOR Marine to make such reasonable determinations as may be necessary to ascertain such ownership and implement such limitations. In addition, SEACOR Marine’s Third Amended and Restated By-Laws limit the number of non-U.S. citizens that may serve as directors and restrict any non-U.S. citizen officer from acting in the absence or disability of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or the President of SEACOR Marine. For more information, see SEACOR Marine’s Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Third Amended and Restated By-Laws, which are filed as exhibits to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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The Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 (the “MLC”) establishes comprehensive minimum requirements for working conditions of seafarers including, among other things, conditions of employment, hours of work and rest, grievance and complaints procedures, accommodations, recreational facilities, food and catering, health protection, medical care, welfare, and social security protection. The MLC defines seafarer to include all persons engaged in work on a vessel in addition to the vessel’s crew. Under this MLC definition, the Company may be responsible for proving that customer and contractor personnel aboard its vessels have contracts of employment that comply with the MLC requirements. The Company could also be potentially responsible for salaries and/or benefits of third parties that may board one of its vessels. The MLC requires certain vessels that engage in international trade to maintain a valid Maritime Labour Certificate issued by their flag administration. Although the U.S. is not a party to the MLC, U.S.-flag vessels operating internationally must comply with the MLC when visiting a port in a country that is a party to the MLC. As part of its safety management system (“SMS”), the Company maintains a fleetwide plan designed to comply with the MLC to the extent applicable to its vessels.

The hull and machinery of most commercial vessels are classed by an international classification society authorized by its country of registry and subject to survey and inspection by shipping regulatory bodies. The international classification society certifies that a vessel is maintained in accordance with the applicable rules and regulations of the country of registry of the vessel and SOLAS. Certain of the Company's vessels are subject to the periodic inspection, survey, drydocking and maintenance requirements of the USCG, the American Bureau of Shipping (“ABS”) and other marine classification societies.

Under provisions of the Merchant Marine Act of 1936 and Chapter 563 of Title 46 of the U.S. Code, the Company’s U.S.-flag vessels are subject to requisition, charter or purchase by the U.S. government under certain terms and conditions during a national emergency declared by Presidential Proclamation as described further in the risk factor under the heading “Under certain circumstances, the Company’s vessels are subject to requisition for ownership or use by governmental agencies” under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Vessels registered under other flag states may also be subject to requisition or purchase in accordance with applicable local law.

A wide range of domestic governmental agencies, including the USCG, the EPA, the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Office of Pipeline Safety, the BSEE and certain individual states, regulate vessels and other structures in accordance with the requirements of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (“OPA 90”) or analogous state law. There is currently little uniformity among the regulations issued by these agencies, which increases the Company’s compliance costs and risk of non-compliance.

The International Safety Management Code (“ISM Code”), adopted by the International Maritime Organization (the “IMO”) as an amendment to SOLAS, provides international standards for the safe management and operation of ships and for the prevention of marine pollution from ships. The U.S. enforces the ISM Code for all U.S.-flag vessels and those foreign-flag vessels that call at U.S. ports. All of the Company’s vessels that are 500 or more gross tons are certified as required under the standards set forth in the ISM Code’s safety and pollution protocols. The Company also voluntarily complies with these protocols for some vessels that are under the mandatory 500-gross ton threshold and many of the Company’s customers contractually require compliance with these protocols regardless of the gross tonnage of the vessel. Under the ISM Code, vessel operators are required to develop an extensive SMS applicable to the vessel and shoreside personnel that includes, among other things, the adoption of a written system of safety and environmental protection policies setting forth instructions and procedures for operating their vessels subject to the ISM Code and describing procedures for responding to emergencies. The ISM Code also requires a Document of Compliance to be obtained for the vessel manager and a Safety Management Certificate to be obtained for each vessel subject to the ISM Code that it operates or manages. The Company believes that it has complied with these requirements in all material respects.

Noncompliance with the ISM Code and other IMO regulations may subject the shipowner or charterer to increased liability, may lead to decreases in available insurance coverage for affected vessels, may cause the loss of customers, and may result in the denial of access to, or detention in, some ports. For example, the USCG authorities have indicated that vessels not in compliance with the ISM Code will be prohibited from utilizing U.S. ports.

Regulatory Compliance

OPA 90 establishes a regulatory and liability regime for the protection of the environment from oil spills. OPA 90 applies to owners and operators of facilities operating near navigable waters of the U.S., and owners, operators and bareboat charterers of vessels operating in U.S. waters, which include the navigable waters of the U.S. and the 200-mile exclusive economic zone around the U.S. (the “EEZ”). For purposes of its liability limits and financial responsibility and response planning requirements, OPA 90 differentiates between tank vessels (such as chemical and petroleum product vessels and liquid tank barges) and “other vessels” (such as the Company’s offshore support vessels).

Under OPA 90, owners and operators of regulated facilities and owners and operators or bareboat charterers of vessels are “responsible parties” and may be jointly, severally and strictly liable for removal costs and damages arising from facility and vessel oil spills or threatened spills up to certain limits of liability as discussed below. Damages are defined broadly to include: (i) injury to natural resources and the costs of remediation thereof; (ii) injury to, or economic losses resulting from, the destruction of real and personal property; (iii) net loss by various governmental bodies of taxes, royalties, rents, fees or profits; (iv) lost profits or impairment of earning capacity due to property or natural resources damage; (v) net costs of providing increased or additional public services necessitated by a spill response, such as protection from fire or other hazards or taking additional safety precautions; and (vi) loss of subsistence use of available natural resources.

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OPA 90 limits liability for responsible parties for non-tank vessels, such as the Company’s, to the greater of $1,200 per gross ton or $997,100. These liability limits do not apply (a) if an incident is caused by the responsible party’s violation (or the violation of a person acting pursuant to a contract with the responsible party) of federal safety, construction or operating regulations or by the responsible party’s gross negligence or willful misconduct, (b) if the responsible party fails or refuses to report the incident or to provide reasonable cooperation and assistance in connection with oil removal activities as required by a responsible official or (c) if the responsible party fails or refuses to comply with an order issued under OPA 90.

OPA 90 requires vessel owners and operators to establish and maintain with the USCG evidence of insurance or qualification as a self-insurer or other evidence of financial responsibility sufficient to meet their potential liabilities under OPA 90. In recent years, the Company has satisfied USCG regulations by providing evidence of financial responsibility demonstrated by commercial insurance and self-insurance. OPA 90 regulations also implement the financial responsibility requirements of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (“CERCLA”), which imposes liability for any discharge of hazardous substances, similar to OPA 90, and provides compensation for cleanup, removal and natural resource damages. Liability per vessel under CERCLA is limited to the greater of $300 per gross ton or $5.0 million, unless the incident is caused by gross negligence, willful misconduct, or a violation of certain regulations, in which case liability is unlimited.

Under the Nontank Vessel Response Plan Final Rule issued by the USCG in 2013, owners and operators of nontank vessels are required to prepare Nontank Vessel Response Plans. The Company expects its current pollution liability insurance to cover spill removal costs and damage, subject to coverage deductibles and limitations, including a cap of $1.0 billion. The Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows or prospects could be material adversely affected if the Company incurs spill liability under circumstances in which the Company’s insurance does not provide coverage, the Company’s underwriters fail or refuse to pay a covered claim, or the loss exceeds the Company’s coverage limitations.

MARPOL is the main international convention covering prevention of pollution of the marine environment by vessels from operational or accidental discharges. It is implemented in the U.S. pursuant to the Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships. Since the 1990s, the Department of Justice (“DOJ”) has been aggressively enforcing U.S. criminal laws against vessel owners, operators, managers, crew members, shore side personnel, and corporate officers related to violations of MARPOL. Violations have related to pollution prevention devices, such as the oily-water separator, and include falsifying records, obstructing justice, and making false statements. In certain cases, responsible shipboard officers and shoreside officials have been sentenced to prison. In addition, the DOJ has required most defendants to implement a comprehensive environmental compliance plan (“ECP”) or risk losing the ability to operate in U.S. waters. If the Company is subjected to a DOJ prosecution, it could suffer material adverse effects, including substantial criminal penalties and defense costs, reputational damages and costs associated with the implementation of an ECP.

The Clean Water Act (“CWA”) prohibits the discharge of “pollutants” into the navigable waters of the U.S. The CWA also prohibits the discharge of oil or hazardous substances into navigable waters of the U.S. and the EEZ around the U.S. and imposes civil and criminal penalties for unauthorized discharges, thereby exposing the Company to potential liability that is in addition to its exposure arising under OPA 90 and CERCLA.

The CWA also established the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (“NPDES”) permitting program, which governs discharges of pollutants into navigable waters of the U.S. Pursuant to the NPDES permitting program, the EPA has issued Vessel General Permits covering discharges incidental to normal vessel operations. The EPA issued the 2013 Vessel General Permit (“2013 VGP”) with an initial five-year term. In light of the legislation described below, the 2013 VGP continues to apply to the Company’s U.S.-flag and foreign-flag commercial vessels that are at least 79 feet in length and operate within the three-mile territorial sea of the U.S. The 2013 VGP requires vessel owners and operators to adhere to “best management practices” to manage the covered discharges that occur normally in the operation of a vessel, including ballast water, and implements various training, inspection, monitoring, record keeping, and reporting requirements, as well as corrective actions upon identification of deficiencies. The Company has filed a Notice of Intent to be covered by the 2013 VGP for each of its ships that operate in U.S. waters.

On December 4, 2018, the U.S. Congress enacted the Vessel Incidental Discharge Act (“VIDA”), establishing a new framework for the regulation of discharges incidental to the normal operations of vessels. In October of 2020, the EPA published proposed performance standards for vessel incidental discharges and is in the process of promulgating final standards. VIDA requires the USCG to develop implementation, compliance, and enforcement regulations within two years of EPA’s promulgation of standards. VIDA extends the 2013 VGP’s provisions, leaving them in effect until new regulations are final and enforceable. Non-military, non-recreational vessels greater than 79 feet in length must continue to comply with the requirements of the 2013 VGP, including submission of annual reports. The Company can provide no assurance as to when the new regulations and performance standards will be issued, nor can it predict what additional costs it may incur to comply with any such new regulations and performance standards.

Many countries have ratified and apply the liability scheme adopted by the IMO and set out in the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage of 1969 (the “1969 Convention”). Some of these countries have also adopted the 1992 Protocol to the 1969 Convention (the “1992 Protocol”). Under both the 1969 Convention and the 1992 Protocol, a vessel’s registered owner is strictly liable for pollution damage caused in the territorial waters of a contracting state by discharge of persistent oil from ships carrying oil in bulk as cargo, subject to certain defenses. These conventions also limit the liability of the shipowner under certain circumstances, provided the discharge was not caused by the shipowner’s actual fault or intentional or reckless misconduct.

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Vessels trading to countries that are parties to these conventions must provide evidence of insurance covering the liability of the owner. The Company believes that its Protection and Indemnity insurance should cover any liability under these conventions, subject to applicable policy deductibles, exclusions and limitations.

The U.S. is not a party to the 1969 Convention or the 1992 Protocol, and thus OPA 90, CERCLA, CWA and other federal and state laws apply in the U.S. as discussed above. In other jurisdictions where the 1969 Convention has not been adopted, various local legislative and regulatory schemes or common law govern, and liability is imposed either on the basis of fault or in a manner similar to the 1969 Convention.

The International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage, 2001, was adopted to ensure that adequate, prompt and effective compensation is available to persons who suffer damage caused by spills of oil when used as fuel by vessels. The convention applies to damage caused to the territory, including the territorial sea, and in the EEZs, of the countries that are party to it. Although the U.S. has not ratified this convention, U.S.-flag vessels operating internationally are subject to it when they sail within the territorial waters of those countries that have implemented its provisions. The Company believes that its vessels comply with these requirements.

The National Invasive Species Act (“NISA”) was enacted in the U.S. in 1996 in response to growing reports of harmful organisms being released into U.S. waters through ballast water received in foreign ports. The USCG adopted regulations under NISA that impose mandatory ballast water management practices for all vessels equipped with ballast water tanks entering U.S. waters. All new vessels constructed on or after December 1, 2013, regardless of ballast water capacity, must comply with these requirements on delivery from the shipyard absent an extension from the USCG. For non-exempt vessels, ballast water treatment equipment may be required to be used on the vessel. Some U.S. states have enacted legislation or regulations to address the introduction of invasive species through ballast water and hull cleaning management, and permitting requirements, which in many cases have also become part of the state’s 2013 VGP certification. Other states may proceed with the enactment of similar requirements that could increase the Company’s costs of operating in state waters. The Company believes that all of its vessels maintain a ballast water management plan compliant with applicable regulations.

The IMO ratified the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments, otherwise known as the Ballast Water Management Convention (the “BWM Convention”), effective September 8, 2017. Under the BWM Convention, all ships engaged in international voyages are required to manage their ballast water and sediments under a ship-specific ballast water management plan. The U.S. is not a party to the BWM Convention, but U.S. flagged vessels that undertake international voyages may have to install a USCG/EPA approved ballast water treatment system (“BWTS”) or use one of the other management options under the USCG/EPA ballast water management rules and the BWM Convention to achieve compliance. The Company installs BWTS on its vessels as required by the USCG/EPA and BWM Convention.

The Endangered Species Act, related regulations and comparable state laws protect species threatened with possible extinction. Protection may include restrictions on the speed of vessels in certain ocean waters and may require the Company to change the routes of vessels during particular periods.

The Clean Air Act (as amended, the “CAA”) requires the EPA to promulgate standards applicable to emissions of various air contaminants. The CAA also requires states to submit State Implementation Plans (“SIPs”), which are designed to attain national health-based air quality standards throughout the U.S., including major metropolitan and industrial areas. Several SIPs regulate emissions resulting from vessel loading and unloading operations by requiring the installation of vapor control equipment. The EPA and some U.S. states have each proposed more stringent regulations of air emissions from propulsion and auxiliary engines on oceangoing vessels.

MARPOL also addresses air emissions, including emissions of sulfur and nitrous oxide (“NOx”), from vessels, including a requirement to use low sulfur fuels worldwide in both auxiliary and main propulsion diesel engines on vessels. Since January 1, 2020, vessels worldwide have been required to use fuel with a sulfur content no greater than 0.5%, which is a reduction from the prior limit of 3.5%. MARPOL also imposes NOx emissions standards on installed marine diesel engines of over 130 kW output power other than those used solely for emergency purposes irrespective of the tonnage of the vessel into which such an engine is installed. The actual NOx limit is determined by a variety of factors, including the vessel’s construction date, the rated speed of the vessel’s engine, and the area in which the vessel is operating.

More stringent sulfur and NOx requirements apply in certain designated Emission Control Areas (“ECAs”). There are currently four ECAs worldwide: the Baltic Sea ECA, North Sea ECA, North American ECA, and U.S. Caribbean ECA. As of January 1, 2015, vessels operating in an ECA must burn fuel with a sulfur content no greater than 0.1%. Further, marine diesel engines on vessels constructed on or after January 1, 2016 that are operated in an ECA must meet the stringent NOx standards described above.

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The Company’s operations occasionally generate and require the transportation, treatment and disposal of both hazardous and non-hazardous solid wastes that are subject in the U.S. to the requirements of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (“RCRA”) or comparable state, local or foreign requirements. From time to time the Company arranges for the disposal of hazardous waste or hazardous substances at offsite disposal facilities. As a general matter, with certain exceptions, vessel owners and operators are required to determine if their wastes are hazardous, obtain a generator identification number, comply with certain standards for the proper management of hazardous wastes, and use hazardous waste manifests for shipments to disposal facilities. Moreover, vessel owners and operators may be subject to more stringent state hazardous waste requirements. If such materials are improperly disposed of by third parties with which the Company contracts, the Company could potentially be held liable for cleanup costs under applicable laws.

MARPOL also governs the discharge of garbage from ships. MARPOL defines certain sea areas, such as the “wider Caribbean region” as “special areas” requiring a higher level of protection than other areas of the sea. Applicable MARPOL regulations provide for strict garbage management procedures and documentation requirements for all vessels and fixed and floating platforms. These regulations impose a general prohibition on the discharge of all garbage unless the discharge is expressly provided for under the regulations. The regulations have greatly reduced the amount of garbage that the Company’s vessels are allowed to dispose of at sea.

Various international conventions and federal, state and local laws and regulations have been considered or implemented to address the environmental effects of emissions of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane. The U.S. Congress has considered, but not adopted, legislation designed to reduce emission of greenhouse gases. At United Nations climate change conferences over the past few decades, various countries have agreed to specific international accords or protocols to establish limitations on greenhouse gas emissions. In December 1997, the Kyoto Protocol was adopted pursuant to which member parties agreed to implement national programs to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. At the 2015 United Nations climate change conference in Paris, various countries adopted the Paris Agreement, which seeks to reduce emissions in an effort to slow global warming. The U.S. signed the Paris Agreement in 2016 and, after withdrawing from it for a short period, remains a signatory thereto. The Paris Agreement does not specifically mention shipping.

The IMO has announced its intention to develop limits on greenhouse gases from international shipping and is working on proposed mandatory technical and operational measures to achieve these limits. The first step toward this goal occurred in October 2016, when the IMO adopted a system for collecting data on ships’ fuel-oil consumption, which will be mandatory and apply globally. In 2020, the IMO proposed amendments to MARPOL that would require vessels to combine a technical and an operational approach to reduce their carbon intensity. The measures are aimed at reducing carbon intensity of international shipping by 40% by 2030, compared to 2008.

For operation within the European Union (“E.U.”), the Company’s vessels need to meet the E.U. Ship Recycling Regulation (“E.U. SRR”) that requires survey and record of Inventory of Hazardous Materials (“IHM”). The Company’s fleet is being impacted by changes to MARPOL and the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (“IBC Code”) which sets out the international standards for the safe carriage, in bulk by sea, of dangerous chemicals and noxious liquid substances (“NLS”). These changes limit the number of dangerous chemicals and NLS cargoes that the Company’s vessels can carry and impose additional requirements that could, in certain instances, functionally preclude their carriage. Any future adoption of climate control treaties, legislation or other regulatory measures by the United Nations, IMO, the E.U., U.S. or other countries where the Company operates that restrict emissions of greenhouse gases could result in financial and operational impacts on the Company’s business (including potential capital expenditures to reduce such emissions).

The Company manages exposure to losses from the above-described treaties, laws and regulations through its development of appropriate risk management programs, including compliance programs, safety management systems and insurance programs. Although the Company believes these programs mitigate its legal risk, there can be no assurance that these programs will be able to prevent all infractions, nor can the Company provide assurances that future regulations or requirements or any discharge or emission of pollutants by the Company will not have a material adverse effect on its business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows or prospects.

In addition to the above description of U.S. and E.U. laws and international conventions, the Company’s foreign operations are subject from time to time to similar laws of other countries.

Security

The USCG, the IMO, states and local ports continue to adopt heightened security procedures related to ports and vessels.

To implement certain portions of the U.S. Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002 (“MTSA”), the USCG issued regulations in 2003 requiring the implementation of certain security requirements aboard vessels operating in waters subject to the jurisdiction of the U.S. Similarly, in December 2002, the IMO adopted amendments to SOLAS, known as the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (the “ISPS Code”), creating a new chapter dealing specifically with maritime security. The chapter imposes various detailed security obligations on vessels and port authorities. Included in the various requirements under MTSA and/or the ISPS Code are the following:

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The USCG regulations, which are intended to align with international maritime security standards, generally deem foreign-flag vessels to be in compliance with MTSA vessel security measures provided such vessels have onboard a valid International Ship Security Certificate that attests to the vessel’s compliance with SOLAS security requirements and the ISPS Code. However, U.S.-flag vessels that are engaged in international trade must comply with all of the security measures required by MTSA, as well as SOLAS and the ISPS Code.

In response to these security programs, the Company has implemented security plans and procedures designed to address applicable security standards.

Industry Hazards and Insurance

Vessel operations involve inherent risks associated with carrying large volumes of cargo and rendering services in a marine environment. Hazards include adverse weather conditions, collisions, fire and mechanical failures, which may result in death or injury to personnel, damage to equipment, loss of operating revenues, contamination of cargo, pollution and other environmental damages and increased costs. The Company maintains hull, liability and war risk, general liability, workers compensation and other customary insurance subject to various deductions, exclusions and coverage caps. The Company also conducts training, drills and safety awareness programs to promote a safe working environment and minimize and respond to hazards.

Employees and Human Capital Management

On September 17, 2020, the Company announced the formation of a sustainability council to oversee the Company’s enhanced environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) program (the “Sustainability Council”). In conjunction with this announcement, the Sustainability Council published an ESG presentation and launched a new section of the Company’s website to highlight both the Company’s track record of sustainable practices, as well as its future plans to further enhance its ESG efforts. On December 13, 2021, the Sustainability Council published its Inaugural Sustainability Report documenting the Company’s recent achievements in three areas: commitment to employees, environmental impact and responsibility as a global citizen.

The Sustainability Council is an internal committee that reports to the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of the Board of Directors and includes senior executives, operational heads, and safety and health, compliance, and human resources professionals, led by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. The Sustainability Council collaborates and drives initiatives on all matters related to sustainability, including, but not limited to environmental protection, clean energy technology, social responsibility, employee, contractor and community engagement, health and safety, and community empowerment. Together with the Board of Directors, the Sustainability Council helps establish sustainability goals and integrate them into strategic and tactical business activities across the Company to contribute to risk management and long-term value for all stakeholders.

As part of the Company’s ESG efforts and with the assistance of the Sustainability Council, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer has the primary responsibility for developing, managing, and executing the Company’s human capital strategy. As of December 31, 2022, the Company employed 1,286 individuals directly and indirectly (through crewing or manning agreements), none of whom are members of a union under the terms of an ongoing agreement. Management considers relations with its employees to be good. The Company believes that its success is driven by its employees, and its human capital strategy focuses on the following key areas:

Health and Safety: The Company’s health and safety programs, namely its SMS, are implemented to comply with applicable regulations and follow global standards, as well as address the specific hazards of the Company’s various work environments. The Company regularly conducts management reviews, audits, and inspections onboard its vessels and shore side locations to ensure compliance with applicable regulations, policies, and procedures. The Company is also audited annually by an independent classification society to confirm compliance with applicable regulations and standards. The Company utilizes several metrics to assess the performance of its health and safety policies, procedures, and initiatives, including pollution incidents, lost time incidents, medical incidents, and fatalities. In fiscal year 2022, the Company worked over 5.9 million man-hours across its global businesses, and recorded zero pollution incidents, five medical incidents, and a total recordable incident rate of 0.202.

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COVID-19 Health Measures: The health and safety of the Company’s employees is its highest priority. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company has conducted regular management meetings and implemented several changes to enhance COVID-19 safety and to mitigate related work environment health risks, as well as risks caused by different pathogens. For the Company’s offshore operations, these changes included providing personal protective equipment and implementing COVID-19 vessel response plans across its global fleet which included quarterly fleet-wide shoreside pandemic illness drills and additional onboard illness drills, as well as developed a health screening questionnaire and related guidelines. SEACOR Marine is also installing hydroxyl generators in vessel heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems primarily to destroy pathogens, viruses and bacteria on surfaces and in the air. For the Company’s onshore employees, the Company has enhanced remote working capabilities as well as other arrangements. In addition, the Company provided access to short-term counseling for any employees dealing with the stress of COVID-19 or other issues.

Diversity, Equity and Inclusion: The Company recognizes the value of diversity, equity and inclusion within its organization and strives to ensure that its workplace reflects the diverse communities in which it operates in order to promote collaboration, innovation, creativity and belonging. The Sustainability Council has been mandated by the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee to develop strategies to promote diversity, equity and inclusion in the workplace and oversees the Company’s Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Committee, which is responsible for developing policies and practices to recruit, support, promote and retain staff with diverse backgrounds, experiences and attributes.

The Company is proud of its diverse workforce and cross-cultural competences and, as of December 31, 2022, employed individuals from over 37 countries. The Company further recognizes that the maritime industry has traditionally been male dominated, and as a result, the Company is seeking to increase the representation of females by developing practical and innovative strategies. As of December 31, 2022, 30% of SEACOR Marine’s onshore workforce was female, while only a small fraction of its at sea workforce were female seafarers. SEACOR Marine is committed to continuing to recruit and employ qualified candidates regardless of their gender or cultural background or identity.

Training and Talent Development: The Company is committed to the education of its employees and has committed to provide its employees with a variety of learning opportunities, including, but not limited to, leadership training, technical skill development, soft skills development, workplace conduct guidance, and health, safety and security training. The Sustainability Council works collaboratively with SEACOR Marine’s Human Resources department to continually enhance and promote its training programs to attract new talent as well as develop and retain talent within the organization.

Employee Benefits: The Company believes in the importance of offering its employees competitive salaries and wages, together with comprehensive insurance options. The Company recognizes the importance of comprehensive benefits, including medical, prescription drug, vision, dental, life, disability and flexible spending, employees and their family members are provided with tools and resources to assist in adopting and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. The Company pays the cost of basic life insurance, accidental death and dismemberment insurance, short-term and long-term disability for its employees. Additionally, employees may purchase supplemental life, dependent life, and additional long-term disability insurance. Other valuable benefits provided by the Company include life and travel assistance programs, will preparation and a 401(k) plan.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Summary of Risk Factors

The Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects may be materially adversely affected by numerous risks. Carefully consider the risks described below, which represent the material risk factors that affect the Company and are known to the Company at this time, as well as the other information that has been provided in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Additional risks, not presently known to the Company or not perceived as material, may also materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects. Material risks that may affect the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects include, but are not necessarily limited to, those relating to:

Risk Factors Related to the Company’s Business and Industry

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Risk Factors Related to the Company’s Common Stock

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Risk Factors Related to the Company’s Business and Industry

The Company is exposed to fluctuating prices of oil and natural gas and decreased demand for oil and natural gas.

The market for the Company’s offshore support services is impacted by the comparative price for exploring, developing, and producing oil and natural gas and by the corresponding supply and demand for oil and natural gas, both globally and regionally. The prices of these commodities are subject to significant volatility. Among other factors, the increased supply of oil and natural gas from the development of unconventional oil and natural gas supply sources, particularly shale, and technologies to improve recovery from current sources have caused volatility in the price of oil and natural gas as well as a reduction of demand and prices charged for offshore support services globally. The increased use of electric cars and the development of alternative sources of energy to hydrocarbons, such as solar and wind power and other developing technology, as well as increasing regulations on greenhouse gas emissions and actions taken and expected to be taken by companies, governments and investors to reduce dependence on hydrocarbon-based fuels, are widely expected to further diminish the demand for oil and natural gas in the coming years. Other factors that influence the supply and demand and the relative price of oil and natural gas include operational issues, natural disasters, weather, political instability, conflicts, civil unrest, the worldwide economic, political and military environment, acts of terrorism, foreign exchange rates, economic conditions and actions by major hydrocarbon-producing countries, as well as sanctions on such countries that prohibit the sale of these commodities. The price of oil and natural gas and the relative cost to extract, proximity to market and political imperatives of countries with offshore deposits affect the willingness to commit investment for contract drilling rigs and offshore support vessels used for offshore exploration, field development and production activities, which in turn affects the Company’s results of operations. Prolonged periods of low oil and natural gas prices or rising costs result in lower demand for the Company’s services and can give rise to impairments of the Company’s assets.

The Company’s operations depend on the level of spending by oil and natural gas companies for exploration, development and production, maintenance and decommissioning activities. Both short-term and long-term trends in oil and natural gas prices affect these activity levels. Oil and natural gas prices, as well as the level of drilling, exploration and production activity, have been highly volatile over the past few years and are expected to continue to be volatile for the foreseeable future. The volatility of the energy markets generally makes it extremely difficult to predict future oil and natural gas price movements over the long term. For example, oil prices were as high as $107 per barrel during 2014, followed by a near ten-year low of $26 per barrel in February 2016, and then back to $76 per barrel in October 2018. The West Texas Intermediate (“WTI”) front month oil prices experienced unprecedented volatility during 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and the related impact on the global economy, including going negative for a short period of time. Oil prices have recovered since the lows hit at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and in June 2022 hit a multi-year high of $122 per barrel primarily as a result of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine as well as the related economic sanctions imposed on Russia by the U.S., Canada and European countries. By the end of 2022, oil prices decreased to the $80 per barrel range.

Declines in oil prices are primarily caused by, among other things, an excess of supply of crude oil in relation to demand. Since developing offshore oil fields, particularly in deep waters, is one of the most expensive sources of hydrocarbons and providing transportation and logistics services to these markets is the largest component of the Company’s business, the Company is particularly exposed to depressed oil and natural gas prices that last for some period of time. When the Company’s customers experience low commodity prices or come to believe that they will be low in the future, they generally reduce their capital spending for offshore drilling, exploration and field development. The significant decrease in oil and natural gas prices experienced in 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and the related effects of the pandemic on the global economy caused a reduction in many of the Company’s customers’ exploratory, drilling, completion and other production activities and, as a result, reduced related spending on the Company’s services. While spending on the Company’s services has steadily improved, the Company’s overall fleet utilization for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, was 75%, 66% and 55%, respectively. The prolonged reduction in the overall level of exploration and development activities has materially and adversely affected the Company by negatively impacting its fleet utilization, which in turn has negatively affected its revenues, cash flows, profitability and the fair market value of the Company’s vessels. It could also affect the collectability of the Company’s receivables and its ability to retain skilled personnel. Periods of low activity intensify price competition in the industry, which erodes operating margins, and can lead to the Company’s vessels being idle for long periods of time and, in turn, could lead to significant expenses upon reactivation.

Demand for many of the Company’s services is impacted by the level of activity in the offshore oil and natural gas exploration, development and production industry.

The level of offshore oil and natural gas exploration, development and production activity has historically been volatile. This volatility is likely to continue. The level of activity is subject to large fluctuations in response to relatively minor changes in a variety of factors that are beyond the Company’s control, including:

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The prolonged material downturn in oil and natural gas prices until the recent recovery experienced in 2021 caused a substantial decline in expenditures for exploration, development and production activity, which resulted in a decline in demand and lower rates for the Company’s offshore energy support services and, in turn, lower utilization levels over the last five years. Although activity levels and day rates have recovered somewhat in 2021 and 2022, continued under-investment by our customers or a new decrease in activity could once again reduce the Company’s day rates and its utilization, which would in turn have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects. In addition, increases in commodity demand and prices will not necessarily result in an immediate increase in offshore drilling activity since project development lead and planning times, reserve replacement needs, expectations of future commodity demand, energy transition, customer capital discipline, prices and supply of available competing vessels all combine to affect demand for the Company’s vessels.

The Company operates in four primary regions: the U.S., primarily the U.S. Gulf of Mexico; Africa and Europe; the Middle East and Asia; and Latin America, primarily in Mexico and Guyana. The volume of work contributed by each region changes periodically due to a number of factors including how active each region is, how many vessels are working in each region and the changing regulatory landscape of the applicable region. For instance, for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, approximately 28%, 12% and 11%, respectively, of the Company’s operating revenues were earned in the U.S. The Company has some ability to shift the location of its assets between regions depending upon local regulation and cost of doing business, among many other factors, and, while it has repositioned some assets from less active regions to other regions and may continue to do so in the future, such efforts may not be sufficient to counter any changes in demand in any particular region.

The Company’s operation and workforce faces risks related to the COVID-19 pandemic, epidemics and other outbreaks, which could significantly disrupt the Company’s operations.

While many countries, including the U.S., have relaxed COVID-19 related restrictions that impacted the ability of the Company’s employees to commute to work and travel, restrictions may vary in other regions of the world in which the Company has significant operations. In addition, in the event COVID-19 infection rates increase or there is another epidemic, restrictions may be reinstated and could be more severe than they were previously. Should any such restrictions be reinstated, the Company may experience reduced productivity and an inability to fully support its offshore operations. Particularly in 2020 and 2021, the Company’s operations and financial results were adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic as a result of decreased demand for the Company’s services and the increase in costs due to operational changes enacted to enhance crew and onshore employee safety.

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Additionally, an outbreak of COVID-19 or other contagious disease on any of the Company’s vessels may result in the vessel, or some or all of the vessel crew, being quarantined, which would hinder the vessel’s ability to generate revenue and the crew’s ability to man any substitute vessel. The Company may also experience challenges in connection with the Company’s offshore crew changes due to health and travel restrictions related to COVID-19 or another pandemic or epidemic. The risks posed by the COVID-19 pandemic or another epidemic could not only materially adversely affect the demand for the Company’s services but could also impact the Company’s ability to provide such services, either of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business. Adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic or another epidemic could exacerbate many of the other risks set forth in this “Risk Factors” section and the Company’s other SEC filings, such as those relating to the Company’s financial performance and debt obligations and ability to crew its vessels.

Any additional outbreak of COVID-19, other epidemic and other adverse public health developments, or the fear of such events, may cause similar issues or require the implementation of additional restrictions and precautionary measures. Any such restrictions or precautionary measures may curtail travel or impact the delivery or mobilization of vessels to and from certain countries, or geographic regions, or the ability to crew vessels appropriately. Any prolonged disruption of our delivery or mobilization schedule would likely impact our financial and operating results. A epidemic or other outbreak may impact certain of our crews, which may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, to the extent an outbreak of any such diseases cause a deterioration of the global economy it could impact oil and natural gas prices, which in turn could impact our business.

Restrictions imposed by the terms of the Company’s existing credit facilities or future indebtedness it may incur can limit the Company’s operating and financial flexibility. In addition, there can be no assurance that the Company will meet the requirements of its financial covenants on an ongoing basis or that if it should fail to meet such covenants in the future, the lender under the relevant credit agreement will agree to waivers or amendments with respect thereto.

Many of the Company’s existing credit facilities impose, and its future credit facilities may impose, restrictions, such as negative covenants and maintenance of financial ratio covenants, which may limit the Company’s operating and financial flexibility. Negative covenants such as limitations on the incurrence of additional indebtedness or liens may affect the Company’s ability to incur additional debt if needed, while asset sale covenants could affect its ability to sell assets to generate liquidity and properly manage its fleet size. Requirements to maintain a minimum level of liquidity could also affect cash available for working capital, capital expenditures, debt service and general corporate purposes. For instance, the SMFH Credit Facility (as defined below) requires the Company to maintain a minimum of Cash and Cash Equivalents (equal to the greater of (i) $35.0 million and (ii) 7.5% of Total Debt (as defined in the SMFH Credit Facility)) (see “Note 9. Long-Term Debt” in the audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K). The Company’s ability to maintain financial ratio covenants may be affected by general economic conditions or other events beyond the Company’s control and no assurance can be given that such ratios will be met in the future. If the Company is unable to meet such ratios or is otherwise unable to comply with covenants in these facilities, it may be unable to reach agreements with the lenders under such credit facilities for waivers and/or amendments to the applicable covenants. Failure to comply with these restrictions could result in the lenders accelerating all amounts due under the credit facility and potentially trigger a cross-default or acceleration of the Company’s other credit facilities.

There are risks associated with the Company’s debt structure.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company has $363.8 million of outstanding indebtedness, including $90.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the Company’s 8.0% / 9.5% Senior PIK Toggle Notes due 2026 (the “Guaranteed Notes”), $35.0 million in aggregate principal amount of SEACOR Marine’s 4.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 (the “New Convertible Notes”) and obligations under secured notes and credit facilities secured by mortgages on various vessels. These obligations include $67.9 million of outstanding indebtedness under the loan facility entered into by SEACOR Marine Foreign Holdings Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (“SMFH”), on September 26, 2018, and as amended from time to time (the “SMFH Credit Facility”).

The Company’s ability to meet its debt service obligations and refinance its current indebtedness, as well as any future debt that it may incur, will depend upon its ability to generate cash in the future from operations, financings or asset sales, which are subject to general economic conditions, the Company’s results of operations, industry cycles, seasonality, the interest rate environment, the general state of the capital markets at the time it seeks to refinance its debt, financial, business and other factors, some of which may be beyond the Company’s control. If the Company cannot repay or refinance its debt as it becomes due, the Company may be forced to sell assets or take other disadvantageous actions, including undertaking alternative financing plans, which may have onerous terms or may be unavailable, dedicating an unsustainable level of the Company’s cash flow from operations to the payment of principal and interest on its indebtedness and/or reducing the amount of liquidity available for working capital, capital expenditures and general corporate purposes. The Company’s failure to pay or refinance its current or future debt under a credit facility when it becomes due could lead to the acceleration of all amounts due under such facility and potentially trigger a cross-default or acceleration of the Company’s other credit facilities. The Company’s obligations to repay indebtedness and comply with restrictive and/or financial maintenance covenants could also impair its ability to rapidly respond to changes in its business or industry and withstand competitive pressures. See “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital

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Resources” for additional information. The Company’s overall debt level and/or market conditions could limit its ability to issue additional debt in amounts and/or on terms that it considers reasonable.

Replacement of the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) with an alternative reference rate may adversely affect interest expense related to outstanding debt.

Amounts drawn under certain of our debt instruments bear interest at rates based on LIBOR. On July 27, 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority in the United Kingdom (the “FCA”) announced that it would phase out LIBOR as a benchmark by the end of 2021. The FCA ceased publication of U.S. dollar LIBOR after December 31, 2021 in the case of one-week and two-month U.S. dollar LIBOR, and will cease publication after June 30, 2023 in the case of the remaining U.S. dollar LIBOR benchmarks. The Company has outstanding variable rate debt instruments (due 2023 through 2029) totaling $95.6 million that call for the Company to pay interest based on LIBOR plus applicable margins. The SEACOR 88/888 Term Loan and Tranche B under the SMFH Credit Facility transitioned from LIBOR to a Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) as of August 2, 2022, and September 29, 2022, respectively. The remaining facilities are expected to transition from LIBOR to SOFR over the course of 2023.

The U.S. Federal Reserve, in conjunction with the Alternative Reference Rates Committee, a steering committee comprised of, among other entities, large U.S. financial institutions, has recommended replacing U.S. dollar LIBOR with a new index and selected SOFR as the preferred alternate rate. The Company expects that the Company’s remaining loans with LIBOR denominated rates will transition to SOFR and contracts will be amended to accommodate the SOFR rate where required. The replacement of LIBOR with an alternative rate or benchmark, may adversely affect interest rates and could result in higher borrowing costs. As SOFR is a broad U.S. Treasury repo financing rate that represents overnight secured funding transactions, it differs fundamentally from LIBOR. A change from LIBOR to SOFR could result in interest obligations that are more than or that do not otherwise correlate over time with the payments that would have been made on our debt if LIBOR were available in its current form. This may have a negative effect on our financing costs. The impact of the transition from LIBOR to SOFR is uncertain at this time and the consequences of such developments cannot be entirely predicted, but could result in an increase in the cost of our borrowings under our existing credit facilities and any future borrowings. In addition, the overall financial markets may be disrupted as a result of the phase-out or replacement of LIBOR. Uncertainty as to the nature of such potential phase-out and alternative reference rates or disruption in the financial market could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Unconventional crude oil and natural gas sources and improved economics of producing natural gas and oil from such sources has and will likely continue to exert downward pricing pressures on the price of crude oil and natural gas.

The rise in production of crude oil and natural gas from shale in North America and the increased use of large Liquefied Natural Gas export facilities around the world are, at least to date, significant contributors of supply to the crude oil and natural gas market. Production of crude oil and natural gas from unconventional sources has benefited from improved drilling efficiencies that have lowered the costs of extraction from these sources. The rise in production of natural gas and oil from these sources not only affects the price of natural gas and oil but can also result in a reduction of capital invested in offshore oil and natural gas exploration. Because the Company provides vessels servicing offshore oil and natural gas exploration, a significant reduction in investments in offshore exploration and development in favor of investments in these unconventional resources could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

The Company may record additional losses or impairment charges related to sold or idle vessels.

While the Company did not recognize any impairment charges in 2021, during 2022 and 2020, the Company recognized impairment charges of $2.9 million and $18.8 million, respectively, related to tangible assets. Prolonged periods of low utilization or low day or charter rates, the sale of assets below their then carrying value or the decline in market value of the Company’s assets may cause the Company to record additional impairments. If there are indications that the carrying value of any of the Company’s vessels may not be recoverable or if the Company sells assets for less than their carrying value, the Company may recognize additional impairment charges on its fleet.

There is a high level of competition in the offshore marine service industry.

The Company operates in a highly fragmented and competitive industry, and the competitive nature of its industry could depress charter and utilization rates and adversely affect the Company’s financial performance. The Company competes for business on the basis of price, reputation for excellent service, quality, suitability and technical capabilities of its vessels, availability of vessels, safety and efficiency, cost of mobilizing vessels from one market to a different market, and national flag preference. In addition, the Company’s ability to compete in international markets may be adversely affected by regulations requiring, among other things, local construction, flagging, ownership or control of vessels, the awarding of contracts to local contractors, the employment of local citizens and/or the purchase of supplies from local vendors. Furthermore, the Company competes with companies that have undergone significant restructuring which has substantially reduced their debt levels thereby vastly improving their balance sheets.

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The process of obtaining new charter agreements is highly competitive and generally involves an intensive screening and a competitive bidding process, which, in certain cases, may extend for several months. The Company’s existing and potential competitors may have significantly greater financial resources than the Company. In addition, competitors with greater resources may have larger fleets, or could operate larger fleets through consolidations, acquisitions, new buildings or pooling of their vessels with other companies, and, therefore, may be able to offer a more competitive service than the Company, including better charter rates. The Company expects competition from a number of experienced companies providing contracts to potential customers, including state-sponsored entities and major energy companies affiliated with the projects requiring offshore vessel services. As a result, the Company may be unable to expand its relationships with existing customers or to obtain new customers on a profitable basis, if at all. If the Company is unable to successfully compete, it could have a materially adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

An oversupply of vessels or equipment that serve offshore oil and natural gas operations could have an adverse impact on the charter rates earned by the Company’s vessels and equipment.

The Company’s industry is highly competitive, with intense price competition and highly sensitive to the supply of vessel capacity. Expansion of the supply of vessels and equipment that serve offshore oil and natural gas operations in the decade prior to 2017 increased competition in the Company’s markets and affected prices charged by operators. Further, the refurbishment of disused or “mothballed” vessels, conversion of vessels from uses other than oil and natural gas exploration and production support and related activities or construction of new vessels and equipment could add vessel and equipment capacity to current worldwide levels. An oversupply of vessels and equipment capacity in the offshore marine market could lower charter rates and result in lower operating revenues, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

The Company relies on several customers for a significant share of its revenues, the loss of any of which could adversely affect the Company’s business and operating results.

The Company derives a significant portion of its revenues from a limited number of oil and natural gas exploration, development and production companies. During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, the Company’s ten largest customers accounted for approximately 63%, 76% and 76%, respectively, of its operating revenues. During the year ended December 31, 2022, two customers, ExxonMobil and SEACOR Marine Arabia, a joint venture through which vessels are chartered to Saudi Aramco, were together responsible for 32% or more of the Company’s operating revenues from continuing operations. In addition, one or more of the Company's joint ventures may rely primarily on a single customer for their revenues. The portion of the Company’s revenues or any of its joint ventures’ revenues attributable to any single customer may change over time, depending on the level of activity by any such customer, the Company’s ability to meet the customer’s needs and other factors, many of which are beyond the Company’s control. In addition, most of the Company’s contracts with its customers can be canceled on relatively short notice and do not commit its customers to acquire specific amounts of services or require the payment of significant liquidated damages upon cancellation. The loss of business from any of the Company’s significant customers could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects. Further, to the extent any of the Company’s customers experience an extended period of operating difficulty, it may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operation, cash flows and prospects.

Consolidation of the Company’s customer base could adversely affect demand for its services and reduce its revenues.

In recent years, oil and natural gas companies, energy companies, drilling contractors and other offshore service providers have undergone substantial consolidation and additional consolidation is possible. Consolidation results in fewer companies to charter or contract for the Company’s services. Also, merger activity among both major and independent oil and natural gas companies affects exploration, development and production activity as the consolidated companies integrate operations to increase efficiency and reduce costs. Less promising exploration and development projects of a combined company may be dropped or delayed. Such activity may result in an exploration and development budget for a combined company that is lower than the total budget of both companies before consolidation, which could adversely affect demand for the Company’s vessels thereby reducing its revenues. While increasing offshore wind farm development, particularly in the U.S., has provided opportunities to work with new customers, such opportunities may be insufficient to offset a decline in oil and natural gas customers.

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The Company may be unable to maintain or replace its vessels as they age.

As of December 31, 2022, the average age of the Company’s owned vessels was approximately nine years. The Company believes that after a vessel has been in service for approximately 20 years, the expense (which typically increases with age) necessary to satisfy required marine certification standards may not be economically justifiable. In addition, the Company must maintain its vessels to remain attractive to its customers and comply with regulations, including updating or replacing systems and equipment. However, the Company may be unable to carry out drydockings of its vessels, may be limited by insufficient shipyard capacity or its systems and equipment may become obsolete and unsupported by the manufacturer or other service providers, which could adversely affect its ability to maintain its vessels. In addition, market conditions may not justify these expenditures or enable the Company to operate its older vessels profitably during the remainder of their economic lives. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to maintain its fleet by extending the economic life of existing vessels, or that its financial resources will be sufficient to enable it to make expenditures necessary for these purposes or to acquire or build replacement vessels, all of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

The failure to successfully complete construction or conversion, repairs, maintenance or routine drydockings of the Company's vessels on schedule and on budget could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

From time to time, the Company may have a number of vessels under conversion and may plan to construct or convert other vessels in response to current and future market conditions. The Company also routinely engages shipyards to drydock vessels for regulatory compliance and to provide repair and maintenance. Construction and conversion projects, drydockings and other repair and maintenance are subject to risks of delay and cost overruns, resulting from shortages of equipment, supply chain disruptions, lack of shipyard availability, lack of sufficient skilled personnel at the shipyards, unforeseen engineering problems, work stoppages, weather interference, unanticipated cost increases arising from inflation or otherwise, inability to obtain necessary certifications and approvals and shortages of materials or skilled labor. A significant delay in construction, drydockings or other repair and maintenance could have a material adverse effect on contract commitments and revenues with respect to vessels under construction, conversion or undergoing drydockings or other repair and maintenance. Significant cost overruns or delays for such vessels could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

The Company’s inability to attract and retain qualified personnel and crew its vessels could have an adverse effect on its business.

Attracting and retaining skilled personnel is an important factor in the Company’s future success. In addition, the success of the Company is dependent upon its ability to adequately crew its vessels. The market for qualified personnel is highly competitive, particularly in the last year, and global and/or regional conflicts, such as the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, may further reduce or restrict the availability of qualified personnel, particularly with respect to certain technical and engineering positions, including marine officers.

The Company cannot be certain that it will be successful in attracting and retaining qualified personnel and crewing its vessels in the future. The Company has faced and may continue to face difficulties attracting, hiring and retaining highly-skilled personnel with appropriate qualifications and may not be able to fill open positions. To attract top talent, the Company has had to offer, and believes it will need to continue to offer, attractive compensation and benefits packages before the Company can validate the productivity of those employees. The Company has increased, and expects to continue to increase, its employee compensation levels in response to competition, as necessary. In addition, the pressures of inflation have increased its costs of labor over the past year or so and will likely continue to do so. Many of the companies with which the Company competes for personnel have greater financial and other resources than the Company does and may be able to absorb the increasing costs of labor easier than the Company can. If the Company fails to retain key personnel and hire, train and retain qualified employees, the Company may not be able to compete effectively and may have increased incident rates as well as regulatory and other compliance failures, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

As part of the Company’s ongoing management of its fleet and personnel, the Company may need to improve its operations and financial systems and recruit additional staff; if the Company cannot improve these systems or recruit suitable employees, the Company’s business and results of operations may be adversely affected.

The Company has and may continue to need to invest in upgrading its operating and financial systems. In addition, the Company may have to recruit additional well‑qualified shoreside administrative and management personnel. The Company may not be able to hire suitable employees. For example, the Company’s operations require technically skilled staff with specialized training. If the Company is unable to employ such technically skilled staff, the Company may not be able to adequately support the operations of the Company’s vessels. If the Company is unable to operate its financial and operations systems effectively or is unable to recruit suitable employees, the Company’s results of operation and its ability to manage and expand its fleet may be adversely affected.

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The operations of the Company’s fleet may be subject to seasonal factors.

Demand for the Company’s offshore support services is directly affected by the levels of offshore drilling and production activity of its oil and natural gas customers, and construction and maintenance activity for its wind farm customers. Budgets of many of the Company’s customers are based upon a calendar year, and demand for the Company’s services has historically been stronger in the second and third calendar quarters when allocated budgets are expended by its customers and weather conditions are more favorable for offshore activities in the northern hemisphere. In particular, the demand for the Company’s liftboat fleet in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico and offshore support vessels in Europe, the Middle East and West Africa, are seasonal with peak demand normally occurring during the summer months. Adverse events relating to the Company’s vessels or business operations during peak demand periods could have a significant adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects. In addition, seasonal volatility can create unpredictability in activity and utilization rates, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

The Company has high levels of fixed costs that will be incurred regardless of its level of business activity.

The Company’s business has high fixed costs. Maintenance downtime or low productivity due to reduced demand can have a significant negative effect on the Company’s operating results and financial condition. Some of the Company’s fixed costs will not decline during periods of reduced revenue or activity. During times of reduced utilization, the Company may not be able to reduce its costs immediately as it may incur additional costs associated with preparing vessels for cold stacking. Moreover, the Company may not be able to fully reduce the cost of its support operations in a particular geographic region due to the need to support the remaining vessels in that region. A decline in revenue due to lower day rates and/or utilization may not be offset by a corresponding decrease in the Company’s fixed costs and could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

The Company may be required to incur higher than expected costs to return previously cold-stacked vessels to class.

As of December 31, 2022, three of 58 owned and leased-in vessels were cold-stacked worldwide and, if the industry experiences another downturn, the Company may determine to cold-stack additional vessels in response to such downturn. No assurance can be given that the Company will be able to quickly bring these cold-stacked vessels back into service or that the cost of doing so would not be significant. Cold-stacked vessels do not receive the same level of maintenance as active vessels. As a result and depending on the length of time the vessels are cold-stacked, the Company could incur deferred drydocking costs for regulatory recertification to return these vessels to active service and may incur costs to hire and train mariners to operate such vessels. These costs are difficult to estimate and could be substantial. Delay in reactivating cold stacked vessels and the costs and other expenses related to the reactivation of cold-stacked vessels could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

The Company may not be able to renew or replace expiring contracts for its vessels.

The Company’s ability to renew or replace expiring contracts or obtain new contracts, and the terms of any such contracts, will depend on various factors, including market conditions and the specific needs of its customers. Given the highly competitive and historically cyclical nature of the industry, the Company may not be able to renew or replace expiring contracts or it may be required to renew or replace expiring contracts or obtain new contracts at rates that are below, and potentially substantially below, existing day rates, or that have terms that are less favorable to the Company than its existing contracts, or it may be unable to secure contracts for these vessels. This could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

The early termination of contracts on the Company’s vessels could have a material adverse effect on its operations.

Most of the long-term contracts for the Company’s vessels contain early termination options in favor of the customer. Although some of such contracts have early termination remedies or other provisions designed to discourage the customer from exercising such options, the Company cannot assure investors that its customers would not choose to exercise their termination rights in spite of such remedies or the threat of litigation with the Company. Often these remedies do not fully compensate the Company for loss of the contract. Until replacement of such business with other customers, any termination could adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. The Company might not be able to replace such business on economically equivalent terms. In addition, during prior downturns, the Company has experienced customers requesting contractual concessions even though such concessions were contrary to existing contractual terms. While the Company may not be legally required to give concessions, commercial considerations may dictate that it do so. If the Company is unable to collect amounts owed to it or long-term contracts for its vessels are terminated and its vessels are not sufficiently utilized, this could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

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The Company relies on information technology, and if it is unable to protect against service interruptions, data corruption, cyber-based attacks or network security breaches, its operations could be disrupted and its business could be negatively affected.

The Company relies on information technology networks and systems, including the Internet and cloud services, to process, transmit and store electronic and financial information, manage a variety of business processes and activities, and comply with regulatory, legal and tax requirements. The Company also depends on its information technology infrastructure to capture knowledge of its business including its vessel operation systems containing information about vessel positioning and scheduling; to monitor its vessel maintenance and engine systems; to coordinate its business across its bases of operation including cargo delivery and equipment tracking; and to communicate within its organization and with customers, suppliers, partners and other third parties. The Company’s ability to service customers and operate vessels is dependent on the continued operation of these systems. While the Company takes various precautions and has enhanced controls around its systems, like other technology systems, they are susceptible to damage, disruptions or shutdowns, hardware or software failures, power outages, computer viruses, telecommunication failures, user errors, catastrophic events, or cyber-attacks including malware, other malicious software, phishing email attacks, attempts to gain unauthorized access to its data, the unauthorized release, corruption or loss of its data, loss or damage to its data delivery systems, ransomware, and other electronic security breaches. Over time, these attacks have become increasingly sophisticated and, in some cases, have been conducted or sponsored by “nation state” operators.

The Company’s information technology systems are in some cases integrated, such that damage, disruption or shutdown to the system could result in a more widespread impact. If the Company’s information technology systems suffer severe damage, disruption or shutdown, and its business continuity plans do not effectively resolve the issues in a timely manner, the Company’s business could be negatively affected. In addition, cyber-attacks could lead to potential unauthorized access and disclosure of confidential information, data loss and corruption. While the Company is not currently aware of any material impact from cyber-attacks and the Company continues to devote time and resources to the remediation of such risks, there is the possibility of a material impact from such an attack in the future.

Recent action by the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee and U.S. agencies indicate that cybersecurity regulations for the maritime industry are likely to be further developed in the near future in an attempt to combat cybersecurity threats. The Company is unable to predict the impact of such regulations at this time. Further, as the threat of cyber-attacks continues to grow, the Company will be required to expend additional resources to continue to modify or enhance its protective measures or to investigate and remediate any vulnerabilities to cyber-attacks. The Company has adopted flag-state vessel security plans to comply with the IMO regulations that went into effect in 2021.

Further, data protection laws apply to the Company in certain countries in which the Company does business. Specifically, the E.U. General Data Protection Regulation (the “GDPR”), increased penalties up to a maximum of 4% of global annual turnover for breach of the regulation. The GDPR requires mandatory breach notification, the standard for which is also followed outside the E.U., particularly in Asia. Non-compliance with data protection laws could expose the Company to regulatory investigations, which could result in fines and penalties. In addition to imposing fines, regulators may also issue orders to stop processing personal data, which could disrupt operations. The Company could also be subject to litigation from persons or corporations allegedly affected by data protection violations. Violation of data protection laws is a criminal offence in some countries, and individuals can be imprisoned or fined. Any violation of these laws or harm to the Company’s reputation could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

Increased domestic and international laws and regulations may materially adversely impact the Company, and the Company may become subject to additional international laws and regulations in the event of high-profile incidents.

Regulation of the offshore marine industry has intensified over the past several decades, and the Company expects this trend to continue. Changes in laws or regulations regarding offshore oil and natural gas exploration and development activities and technical and operational measures, whether or not in connection with specific incidents, may increase the Company’s costs and the costs of its customers’ operations. For instance, in response to fatalities and environmental damages caused by a 2010 explosion on the Deepwater Horizon, a drilling rig operating in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, various regulatory agencies imposed temporary moratoria on drilling operations and enacted several permanent regulations designed to enhance the safety of operations in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. Compliance with these new regulations and new interpretations of existing regulations have materially increased the cost of drilling operations in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. New or additional government regulations or laws concerning drilling operations in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico and other regions have in the past and could in the future materially increase the cost of drilling operations in those markets or cause additional moratoria on drilling activities. These changes could decrease offshore operations or investments by the Company’s current or prospective customers, and thereby reduce the demand for the Company’s services. Moreover, continuing changes in regulation make it more difficult for the Company to implement long-term plans. For these reasons, further changes in regulation could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

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The Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act, as amended, provides the federal government with broad discretion in regulating the leasing of offshore resources for the production of oil and natural gas.

The Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act provides the federal government with broad discretion in regulating the release or continued use of offshore resources for oil and natural gas production. The current extent of permitted offshore leasing is uncertain. New offshore oil and natural gas drilling may be subject to continuing or newly enacted moratoriums. Because the Company’s operations rely on offshore oil and natural gas exploration and production, the government’s exercise of authority under the provisions of the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act to restrict the availability of offshore oil and natural gas leases (for example, due to a serious accident or release) could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

The Company is subject to complex laws and regulations, including environmental laws and regulations, that can adversely affect the cost, manner or feasibility of doing business.

Increasingly stringent federal, state, local and international laws and regulations governing worker safety and health and the staffing, construction and operation of vessels significantly affect the Company’s operations. Many aspects of the marine industry are subject to extensive governmental regulation and oversight, including by the USCG, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (“OSHA”), the NTSB, the IMO, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, MARAD, CBP, BSEE, the EPA and various other foreign, state or local environmental protection agencies for those jurisdictions in which the Company operates, and to regulation by various international bodies and classification societies (such as the American Bureau of Shipping). The Company is also subject to regulation under international treaties, such as (i) MARPOL, (ii) SOLAS, (iii) MLC, (iv) BWM Convention, (v) STCW and (vi) other port regulations. These agencies, organizations, regulations and treaties establish safety requirements and standards and are authorized to investigate vessels and accidents and to recommend improved safety standards. CBP and USCG are authorized to inspect vessels at will. The Company has and will continue to spend significant funds to comply with these regulations and treaties. Failure to comply with these regulations and treaties may cause the Company to incur significant liabilities or restrictions on its operations, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

The Company’s business and operations are subject to federal, state, local and international laws, regulations and treaties relating to environmental protection, including laws and regulations that govern the handling, storage and discharge of various hazardous substances. Violations of these laws may result in civil and criminal penalties, fines, injunctions, or other sanctions, or the suspension or termination of the Company’s operations. Compliance with such laws and regulations frequently requires installation of costly equipment, increased staffing, increased fuel costs, specific training, or operational changes. Some environmental laws impose strict and, under certain circumstances, joint and several liability for remediation of spills and releases of oil and hazardous materials and damage to natural resources, which could subject the Company to liability without regard to whether it is negligent or at fault. Under OPA 90, owners, operators and bareboat charterers are jointly and severally strictly liable for the removal costs and damages resulting from the discharge of oil within the navigable waters of the U.S. and the EEZ. In addition, an oil spill could result in significant liability, including fines, penalties, criminal liability and costs for natural resource and other damages under other federal and state laws and civil actions. Liability for a catastrophic spill could exceed the Company’s available insurance coverage and result in adverse impacts on the Company, including having to liquidate assets to pay claims. These laws and regulations may expose the Company to liability for the conduct of or conditions caused by others, including charterers. Because such laws and regulations frequently change and may impose increasingly strict requirements, the Company cannot predict the ongoing cost of complying with these laws and regulations. Additionally, reduced enforcement of existing safety and other laws or regulations may result in a decline in the demand for the Company’s offshore support services that are provided in connection with compliance with such laws or regulations. The Company cannot be certain that existing laws, regulations or standards (and the enforcement thereof), as currently interpreted or reinterpreted in the future, or future laws and regulations and standards will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects. Regulation of the offshore marine services industry will likely continue to become more stringent and more expensive for the Company. In addition, a serious marine incident that results in significant pollution or injury could result in additional regulation and lead to strict governmental enforcement or other legal challenges. The variability and uncertainty of current and future shipping regulations could hamper the ability of the Company and its customers to plan for the future or establish long-term strategies. Additional environmental and other requirements, as well as more stringent enforcement policies, may be adopted that could limit the Company’s ability to operate, require the Company to incur substantial additional costs or otherwise have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects. For more information, see “Item 1. Business—Governmental Regulations —Regulatory Compliance.”

The Company is required by various governmental and quasi-governmental agencies to obtain, maintain and periodically renew certain permits, licenses and certificates with respect to its operations or vessels. In certain instances, the failure to obtain, maintain or renew these authorizations could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

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There are risks associated with climate change, environmental regulations and evolving environmental expectations.

Governments, supranational groups and various other parties around the world, including some of the world’s largest investment managers and proxy advisors, have, in recent years, proposed or adopted new laws, regulations and/or policies pertaining to climate change, carbon emissions or energy use that could result in a reduction in demand for hydrocarbon-based fuel. In fact, many countries and organizations have adopted, or are considering the adoption of, regulatory frameworks to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. These regulatory measures, international treaties and policies may include, among others, adoption of cap and trade regimes, carbon taxes, increased efficiency standards, and incentives or mandates for renewable energy and could include specific restrictions on shipping emissions. In addition, recent regulations proposed by, among others the SEC, will require reporting of greenhouse gas emissions by U.S. public reporting companies annually (including us), which may result in an increased effort by such companies to reduce such emissions through energy transition initiatives.

Additionally, some institutional investors and other groups have focused on matters affecting the environment, which may result in reduced investment in, or financing available to, the hydrocarbon-based industry. Many of these groups have developed environmental, social and governance standards as benchmarks and are using those benchmarks to inform their investment criteria. Although the Company formed a new Sustainability Council in 2020 to oversee the Company’s enhanced environmental, social and governance program and published its Inaugural Sustainability Report, the Company may not meet these evolving standards or benchmarks and even if it does, these investors and groups may choose to forego investments in oil and natural gas related industries. The Company’s ability to achieve any of its stated sustainability commitments is subject to numerous factors and conditions, many of which are outside of the Company’s control. The Company’s efforts to research, establish, accomplish, and accurately report on these commitments expose it to numerous operational, reputational, financial, legal, and other risks, any of which could have a negative impact on the Company’s business takes and could negatively impact the Company’s business. Similarly, any actual or perceived failure to achieve the Company’s environmental, social or governance commitments, goals, initiatives or mandates could harm the Company’s reputation, expose it to potential claims or adversely impact its business, stock price or access to capital. Additionally, positions the Company takes or does not take on these issues could negatively impact the Company’s ability to attract or retain customers or employees.

Several governmental and non-governmental bodies continue to request further disclosures of information relating to environmental, social and governance matters. The Company will be exposed to higher costs and enhanced risks of the type described above to the extent it increases its required or voluntary disclosures regarding these matters. The Company’s processes and controls for reporting environmental, social and governance matters are evolving along with multiple disparate standards for identifying, measuring and reporting related metrics. The Company cannot assure you that its processes and controls will successfully permit it to report such data in a manner that complies with its standards or those of others, or is otherwise satisfactory to its various stakeholders and regulators.

Governments could also pass laws or regulations encouraging or mandating the use of alternative energy sources such as wind power and solar energy. These requirements could reduce demand for oil and natural gas and therefore the services provided by the Company. In addition, new environmental or emissions control laws or regulations may require an increase in the Company’s operating costs and/or in its capital spending for additional equipment or personnel to comply with such requirements and could also result in a reduction in revenues due to downtime required for the installation of such equipment. Moreover, various international conventions and federal, state or international laws have significantly increased their regulation of vessel fuel and emissions in recent years, and this trend is likely to continue. Any of these developments, requirements or initiatives could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

From time to time, extreme weather causes the Company or its customers to suspend business operations. Climate change may increase the frequency and severity of these extreme weather events and certain adverse weather patterns in the future, which could increase the Company’s exposure to suspended operations and/or put the Company’s properties at risk for weather related damage. Climate change may also affect our ability to procure insurance for the Company’s vessels as well as its facilities in areas with higher exposure to the effects of climate change or to repair and rebuild such facilities if needed in the future. Concern over climate change may also result in new or increased legal or regulatory requirements, which could accelerate the above-described trends towards enhanced regulation of the Company’s operations. In addition, there may be significant physical effects of climate change from such emissions that have the potential to negatively impact the Company’s customers, personnel, and physical assets, any of which could adversely impact cargo levels, the demand for the Company’s services, or the Company’s ability to recruit personnel and operate efficiently.

Climate change-related regulatory activity and developments may adversely affect the Company’s business and financial results by requiring the Company to make capital investments in new equipment or technologies, pay for carbon emissions, purchase carbon offset credits, or otherwise incur additional costs or take additional actions related to its emissions. Such activity may also impact the Company indirectly by increasing our operating costs, including fuel costs. Regulatory developments may also result in the inability to operate ships that do not meet certain standards, the acceleration of the removal of less fuel-efficient ships from the Company’s fleet and impact the resale value of its vessels in the future. In addition, regulatory developments may restrict or limit the Company’s access to certain countries or curtail the Company’s services.

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The Company has significant international operations, which subjects it to risks. Unstable political, military and economic conditions in foreign countries where a significant proportion of the Company’s operations is conducted could materially adversely impact its business.

The Company operates vessels and transacts other business worldwide. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, 72%, 88% and 89%, respectively, of the Company’s operating revenues and $7.0 million, $15.4 million and ($7.5 million), respectively, of its equity in earnings (losses) from 50% or less owned companies, net of tax, were derived from foreign operations. These operations are subject to risks, including potential vessel seizure, terrorist acts, piracy, kidnapping, nationalization of assets, currency restrictions, import or export quotas, tariffs and other forms of public and government regulation, all of which are beyond the Company’s control. Economic sanctions or an oil embargo, for example, could have significant impact on activity in the oil and natural gas industry and, correspondingly, on the Company should it operate in an area subject to any sanctions or embargo, or in the surrounding region to the extent any sanctions or embargo disrupts its operations.

In addition, the Company’s ability to compete in international markets may be adversely affected by foreign government regulations that favor or require the awarding of contracts to local competitors, or that require foreign persons to employ citizens of, or purchase supplies from, a particular jurisdiction. Further, the Company’s foreign subsidiaries may face governmentally imposed restrictions on their ability to transfer funds to their parent company.

Activity outside the U.S. involves additional risks, including the possibility of:

Some of the Company’s customers are located in emerging markets, which can further exacerbate the foregoing risks.

As a result of “Brexit,” there are still a number of areas of uncertainty in connection with the future of the U.K. and its relationship with the E.U. and the application and interpretation of the Trade and Cooperation Agreement, and Brexit-related matters may take several years to be clarified and resolved. Brexit may create global economic uncertainty, which may cause the Company’s customers and potential customers to monitor their costs and reduce their budgets for the Company’s services. The Company provides

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global marine and support transportation services to offshore energy facilities worldwide and our fleet operates globally across multiple locations. Based on our global operating model and the versatility and marketability of our fleet, to date the Company has not seen the impact of Brexit to be significant to the Company. Any of these effects, and others the Company cannot anticipate, could materially adversely affect its business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, and its resulting impacts, including supply chain disruptions, increased fuel prices, international sanctions and other measures that have been imposed, have adversely affected, and may continue to adversely affect, the Company’s business and services, including our employees from or located in Ukraine. These factors may also have the effect of heightening many other risks to the Company’s business, any of which could materially and adversely affect the business and results of operations.

The Company is subject to hazards inherent in the operation of offshore support and related vessels and has experienced accidents that have resulted in the loss of life, disrupted operations and caused reputational harm.

The operation of offshore support and related vessels is highly dangerous and is inherently subject to various risks including, but not limited to, adverse and sea conditions, catastrophic disaster, mechanical failure, navigation errors, capsizing, grounding, hazardous substance spills, and collision, each of which could result in the loss of life, injury to personnel, and damage to equipment and the environment. For instance, the Company’s operations in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico may be adversely affected by weather. The Atlantic hurricane season typically runs from June through November. Tropical storms and hurricanes may limit the Company’s ability to operate vessels in the proximity of storms, reduce oil and natural gas exploration, development and production activity, and could result in the Company incurring additional expenses to secure equipment and facilities. They may also require the Company to evacuate its vessels, personnel and equipment out of the path of a storm. If any of these events were to occur, the Company could be held liable for resulting damages, including loss of revenues from or termination of charter contracts, higher insurance rates, increased operating costs, increased governmental regulation and reporting and damage to the Company’s reputation and customer relationships. Any such events would likely result in negative publicity for the Company and adversely affect its safety record, which would affect demand for its services in a competitive industry. In addition, the affected vessels could be removed from service and would then not be available to generate revenues. Our vessels have been involved in accidents in the past, some of which included loss of life, personal injury and property damage, and we, or third parties operating our vessels, may experience accidents in the future.

On April 13, 2021, the SEACOR Power, a liftboat owned by a subsidiary of the Company with nineteen individuals on board, capsized off the coast of Port Fourchon, Louisiana. The incident resulted in the death of several crew members, including the captain of the vessel and five other employees of the Company. The incident also resulted in the constructive total loss of the SEACOR Power. The Company is responsible for the salvage operations related to the vessel in coordination with the USCG. The salvage operations are substantially complete and the Company expects salvage costs to be covered by insurance proceeds.

The capsizing of the SEACOR Power garnered significant attention from the media as well as local, state, and federal stakeholders. The NTSB and the USCG have each conducted an investigation to determine the cause of the incident. The Company has and will continue to fully cooperate with the investigations in all respects. On November 3, 2022, the NTSB publicly released its final report, as adopted on October 18, 2022, which determined that the probable cause of the capsizing of the SEACOR Power was a loss of stability that occurred when the vessel was struck by severe thunderstorm winds, which exceeded the vessel’s operation wind speed limits. The NTSB further determined that contributing to the loss of life on the vessel were the speed at which the vessel capsized and the angle at which it came to rest, which made egress difficult, and the high winds and seas in the aftermath of the capsizing, which hampered rescue efforts. The USCG is also expected to release a report on its investigation although the timing of such release is uncertain. The findings of these investigations could harm the Company’s reputation and, in turn, the Company’s competitiveness, or impact the Company’s ability to market and operate liftboats.

Numerous civil lawsuits have been filed against the Company and other third parties by the family members of deceased crew members and the surviving crew members employed by the Company or by the third parties. On June 2, 2021, the Company filed a Limitation of Liability Act complaint in federal court in the Eastern District of Louisiana (“Limitation Action”), which had the effect of enjoining all existing civil lawsuits and requiring the plaintiffs to file their claims relating to the capsizing of the SEACOR Power in the Limitation Action. Nearly all injury and death claims in the Limitation Action for which the Company has financial exposure have been resolved, and the remaining claims are those for which the Company is owed contractual defense and indemnity or will be covered by insurance. There is significant uncertainty regarding the impact the incident will have on the Company’s reputation and the resulting possible impact on the Company’s business.

These uncertainties are likely to continue for a significant period. In addition, while the Company believes its existing insurance policies will adequately cover most losses, the ultimate amount of losses, potential fines and penalties, and insurance proceeds cannot be determined at this time and may depend on the outcome of any investigation. See “Risk Factors –The Company’s insurance coverage may be inadequate to protect it from the liabilities that could arise in its business” included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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As a result of the foregoing factors, the SEACOR Power incident has had, and could continue to have, a material adverse impact on the Company’s business, competitive position, financial performance, cash flows, prospects and liquidity. The risks associated with the incident could also heighten the impact of the other risks to which the group is exposed as further described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Failure to maintain an acceptable safety record may have an adverse impact on the Company’s ability to retain customers.

The Company’s customers consider safety and reliability a primary concern in selecting a service provider. The Company must maintain a record of safety and reliability that is acceptable to its customers. Should this not be achieved, the ability to retain current customers and attract new customers may be adversely affected, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

The Company’s insurance coverage may be inadequate to protect it from the liabilities that could arise in its business.

Although the Company maintains insurance coverage against the risks related to its business, risks may arise for which it may not be insured. Claims covered by insurance are subject to deductibles, the aggregate amount of which could be material, and certain policies impose caps on coverage. Insurance policies are also subject to compliance with certain conditions, the failure of which could lead to a denial of coverage as to a particular claim or the voiding of a particular insurance policy. There also can be no assurance that existing insurance coverage can be renewed at commercially reasonable rates or that available coverage will be adequate to cover future claims. If a loss occurs that is partially or completely uninsured, or the carrier is unable or unwilling to cover the claim, the Company could be exposed to substantial liability. Further, to the extent the proceeds from insurance are not sufficient to repair or replace a damaged asset, the Company would be required to expend funds to supplement the insurance and in certain circumstances may decide that such expenditures are not justified, which, in either case, could adversely affect the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

The Company may not be fully indemnified by its customers for damage to their property or the property of their other contractors.

The Company’s contracts are individually negotiated, and the levels of indemnity and allocation of liabilities in them can vary from contract to contract depending on market conditions, particular customer requirements and other factors existing at the time a contract is negotiated. Additionally, the enforceability of indemnification provisions in the Company’s contracts may be limited or prohibited by applicable law or may not be enforced by courts having jurisdiction, and the Company could be held liable for substantial losses or damages and for fines and penalties imposed by regulatory authorities. The indemnification provisions of the Company’s contracts may be subject to differing interpretations, and the laws or courts of certain jurisdictions may enforce such provisions while other laws or courts may find them to be unenforceable, void or limited by public policy considerations, including when the cause of the underlying loss or damage is the Company’s gross negligence or willful misconduct, when punitive damages are attributable to the Company or when fines or penalties are imposed directly against the Company. The law with respect to the enforceability of indemnities varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Current or future litigation in particular jurisdictions, whether or not the Company is a party, may impact the interpretation and enforceability of indemnification provisions in the Company’s contracts. There can be no assurance that the Company’s contracts with its customers, suppliers and subcontractors will fully protect the Company against all hazards and risks inherent in its operations. There can also be no assurance that those parties with contractual obligations to indemnify the Company will be financially able to do so or will otherwise honor their contractual obligations.

The Company may undertake one or more significant corporate transactions that may not achieve their intended results, may adversely affect its financial condition and its results of operations, and may result in additional risks to its business.

The Company continuously evaluates the acquisition and disposition of assets relevant to participants in the offshore energy industry and may in the future undertake significant transactions. Any such transaction could be material to the Company’s business and could take any number of forms, including mergers, joint ventures, investments in new lines of business and the purchase of equity interests or other assets. The form of consideration associated with such transactions may include, among other things, cash, Common Stock, securities convertible into Common Stock or other securities (privately or through a public offering), equity interests in the Company’s subsidiaries, or other assets of the Company. The Company also evaluates the disposition of its assets, in whole or in part, which could take the form of asset sales, mergers or sales of equity interests in its subsidiaries (privately or through a public offering).

These types of significant transactions may present material risks and uncertainties, including distraction of management from current operations, insufficient revenue to offset liabilities assumed, potential loss of significant revenue and income streams, unexpected expenses, inadequate return of capital, potential acceleration of taxes currently deferred, regulatory or compliance issues, the triggering of certain covenants in the Company’s debt instruments (including accelerated repayment) and other unidentified issues not discovered in due diligence. If the Company was to complete such an acquisition, disposition, investment or other strategic transaction, it may require additional debt or equity financing that could result in a significant increase in the amount of debt the Company has or the number of outstanding shares of its Common Stock. As a result of the risks inherent in such transactions, the Company cannot guarantee that any such transaction will ultimately result in the realization of the anticipated benefits of the transaction or that significant transactions will not have a material adverse impact on the Company’s business, financial positions, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

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If the Company does not restrict the amount of ownership of its Common Stock by non-U.S. citizens, it could be prohibited from operating offshore support vessels in the U.S., which would adversely impact the Company’s business and operating results.

The Company is subject to the Jones Act, which governs, among other things, the ownership and operation of vessels used to carry passengers and cargo between points in the U.S. Subject to limited exceptions, the Jones Act requires that vessels engaged in the U.S. coastwise trade be built in the U.S., registered under the U.S. flag, manned by predominantly U.S. crews and be owned and operated by “U.S. citizens” within the meaning of the Jones Act. Compliance with the Jones Act requires that non-U.S. citizens own no more than 25% in the entities that directly or indirectly own or operate the vessels that the Company operates in U.S. coastwise trade. Although SEACOR Marine’s Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Third Amended and Restated By-Laws contain provisions intended to assure compliance with these provisions of the Jones Act, a failure to maintain compliance could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects by, among other things (i) temporarily or permanently prohibiting the Company from operating vessels in the U.S. coastwise trade, (ii) subjecting the Company to fines and (iii) subjecting the Company’s vessels to seizure and forfeiture.

Repeal, amendment, suspension or non-enforcement of the Jones Act would result in additional competition for the Company and could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business.

Substantial portions of the Company’s operations are conducted in the U.S. coastwise trade and thus subject to the provisions of the Jones Act (discussed above). For years, there have been attempts to repeal or amend such provisions, and such attempts are expected to continue in the future.

Repeal, substantial amendment, waiver or substantial reinterpretation of provisions of the Jones Act could significantly adversely affect the Company by, among other things, resulting in additional competition from competitors with lower operating costs, because of their ability to use vessels built in lower-cost foreign shipyards, owned and manned by foreign nationals with promotional foreign tax incentives and with lower wages and benefits than U.S. citizens. In addition, the Company’s advantage as a U.S.-citizen operator of Jones Act vessels could be eroded by periodic efforts and attempts by foreign interests to circumvent certain aspects of the Jones Act. If maritime cabotage services were included in the General Agreement on Trade in Services or other international trade agreements, or if the restrictions contained in the Jones Act were otherwise altered, the shipping of maritime cargo between covered U.S. points could be opened to foreign-flag or foreign-built vessels. Because foreign vessels may have lower construction costs and operate at significantly lower costs than companies operating in the U.S. coastwise trade, such a change could significantly increase competition in the U.S. coastwise trade, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

Restrictions on non-U.S. citizen ownership of the Company’s vessels could limit its ability to sell off any portion of its business or result in the forfeiture of its vessels.

As noted above, compliance with the Jones Act requires that non-U.S. citizens own no more than 25% in the entities that directly or indirectly own or operate the vessels that the Company operates in the U.S. coastwise trade. If the Company were to seek to sell any portion of its business that owns any of these vessels, it may have fewer potential purchasers, since some potential purchasers might be unable or unwilling to satisfy the U.S. citizenship restrictions described above. As a result, the sales price for that portion of the Company’s business may not attain the amount that could be obtained through unconstrained bidding. Furthermore, if at any point the Company or any of the entities that directly or indirectly own its vessels cease to satisfy the requirements to be a U.S. citizen within the meaning of the Jones Act, the Company would become ineligible to operate in the U.S. coastwise trade and may become subject to penalties and risk forfeiture of its vessels.

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SEACOR Marine’s Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and its Third Amended and Restated By-laws limit the ownership of Common Stock by individuals and entities that are not U.S. citizens within the meaning of the Jones Act. These restrictions may affect the liquidity of SEACOR Marine’s Common Stock and may result in non-U.S. citizens being required to sell their shares at a loss or relinquish their voting, dividend and distribution rights.

Under the Jones Act, at least 75% of the outstanding shares of each class or series of SEACOR Marine’s capital stock must be owned and controlled by U.S. citizens within the meaning of the Jones Act. Certain provisions of SEACOR Marine’s Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and its Third Amended and Restated By-Laws are intended to facilitate compliance with this requirement and may have an adverse effect on holders of shares of SEACOR Marine’s Common Stock. These restrictions may affect the liquidity of SEACOR Marine’s Common Stock.

Under the provisions of SEACOR Marine’s Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, the aggregate percentage of ownership by non-U.S. citizens of any class or series of SEACOR Marine’s capital stock is limited to 22.5% of the outstanding shares of each such class or series to ensure that such ownership by non-U.S. citizens will not exceed the maximum percentage permitted by the Jones Act, which is presently 25%. SEACOR Marine’s Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation also restricts ownership of shares of any class or series of its capital stock by a single non-U.S. citizen (and any other non-U.S. citizen whose ownership position would be aggregated with such non-U.S. citizen for purposes of the Jones Act) to not more than 4.9% of the outstanding shares of each such class or series. SEACOR Marine refers to such percentage limitations on ownership by persons who are not U.S. citizens within the meaning of the Jones Act as the “applicable permitted percentage.”

SEACOR Marine’s Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation provides that any transfer or purported transfer of any shares of any class or series of its capital stock that would otherwise result in ownership (of record or beneficially) by non-U.S. citizens of shares of such class or series in excess of the applicable permitted percentage will be void and ineffective, and neither SEACOR Marine nor its transfer agent will register any such transfer or purported transfer in the Company records or recognize any such transferee or purported transferee as a stockholder of SEACOR Marine for any purpose (including for purposes of voting and dividends) except to the extent necessary to effect the remedies available to SEACOR Marine under its Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.

In the event such transfer restriction would be ineffective for any reason, SEACOR Marine’s Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation provides that if any transfer would otherwise result in ownership (of record or beneficially) by non-U.S. citizens of shares of such class or series in excess of the applicable permitted percentage, such transfer will cause such excess shares to be automatically transferred to a trust for the exclusive benefit of one or more charitable beneficiaries that are U.S. citizens within the meaning of the Jones Act. The proposed transferee will have no rights in the shares transferred to the trust, and the trustee, who will be a U.S. citizen chosen by SEACOR Marine and unaffiliated with SEACOR Marine or the proposed transferee, will have all voting, dividend and distribution rights associated with the shares held in the trust. The trustee will sell such excess shares to a U.S. citizen within 20 days of receiving notice from SEACOR Marine (or as soon thereafter as a sale may be effected in compliance with all applicable securities laws) and distribute to the proposed transferee the lesser of the price that the proposed transferee paid for such shares and the amount received from the sale, and any gain from the sale will be paid to the charitable beneficiary of the trust.

These trust transfer provisions also apply to situations where ownership of a class or series of SEACOR Marine’s capital stock by non-U.S. citizens in excess of the applicable permitted percentage would result from a change in the status of a record or beneficial owner thereof from a U.S. citizen to a non-U.S. citizen or from a repurchase or redemption by SEACOR Marine of shares of its capital stock, in which case such person will receive the lesser of the market price of the shares on the date of such status change or such share repurchase or redemption and the amount received from the sale. As part of the foregoing trust transfer provisions, the trustee will be deemed to have offered the excess shares in the trust to the Company at a price per share equal to the lesser of (i) the market price on the date SEACOR Marine accepts the offer and (ii) the price per share in the purported transfer or original issuance of shares, as described in the preceding paragraph, or the market price per share on the date of the status change or share repurchase or redemption, that resulted in the transfer to the trust.

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As a result of the above trust transfer provisions, a proposed transferee that is a non-U.S. citizen, or a record or beneficial owner whose citizenship status change results in excess shares, or whose shares become excess shares as a result of a repurchase or redemption by SEACOR Marine of its capital stock may not receive any return on its investment in shares it purportedly purchases or owns, as the case may be, and it may sustain a loss.

To the extent that the above trust transfer provisions would be ineffective for any reason to prevent ownership (of record or beneficially) by non-U.S. citizens of the shares of any class or series of SEACOR Marine’s capital stock in excess of the applicable permitted percentage, SEACOR Marine’s Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation provides that SEACOR Marine, in its sole discretion, shall be entitled to redeem all or any portion of such excess shares most recently acquired (as determined by SEACOR Marine in accordance with guidelines that are set forth in its Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation), by non-U.S. citizens, or owned (of record or beneficially) by non-U.S. citizens as a result of a change in citizenship status or a repurchase or redemption by SEACOR Marine of shares of its capital stock, at a redemption price based on a fair market value formula that is set forth in SEACOR Marine’s Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. The per share redemption price may be paid, as determined by SEACOR Marine’s Board of Directors, by cash, promissory notes, warrants or a combination thereof. Such excess shares shall not be accorded any voting, dividend or distribution rights until they have ceased to be excess shares, provided that they have not been already redeemed by SEACOR Marine. As a result of the above provisions, a proposed transferee or owner of SEACOR Marine’s Common Stock that is a non-U.S. citizen may not receive any return on its investment in shares it purportedly purchases or owns, as the case may be, and it may sustain a loss. Further, SEACOR Marine may have to incur additional indebtedness, or use available cash (if any), to fund all or a portion of such redemption, in which case its financial condition may be materially weakened.

So that SEACOR Marine may ensure its compliance with the Jones Act, its Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation permits SEACOR Marine to require that any record or beneficial owner of any shares of its capital stock provide SEACOR Marine with certain documentation concerning such owner’s citizenship. These provisions include a requirement that every person acquiring, directly or indirectly, five percent (5%) or more of the shares of any class or series of SEACOR Marine’s capital stock must provide SEACOR Marine with specified citizenship documentation. In the event that any person does not submit such requested or required documentation to SEACOR Marine, SEACOR Marine’s Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation provides it with certain remedies, including the suspension of the voting rights of such person's shares of SEACOR Marine’s capital stock and the payment of dividends and distributions with respect to those shares into an escrow account. As a result of non-compliance with these provisions, a record or beneficial owner of the shares of Common Stock may lose significant rights associated with those shares.

In addition to the risks described above, the foregoing restrictions on ownership by non-U.S. citizens could delay, defer or prevent a transaction or change in control that might involve a premium price for SEACOR Marine’s Common Stock or otherwise be in the best interest of its stockholders.

If non-U.S. citizens own more than 22.5% of SEACOR Marine’s Common Stock, SEACOR Marine may not have the funds or the ability to redeem any excess shares and it could be forced to suspend its operations in the U.S. coastwise trade.

SEACOR Marine’s Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and its Third Amended and Restated By-Laws contain provisions prohibiting ownership of its Common Stock by persons who are not U.S. citizens within the meaning of the Jones Act, in the aggregate, in excess of 22.5% of such shares, in order to ensure that such ownership by non-U.S. citizens will not exceed the maximum percentage permitted by the Jones Act, which is presently 25%. SEACOR Marine’s Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and its Third Amended and Restated By-Laws permit SEACOR Marine to redeem such excess shares in the event that the transfer of such excess shares to a trust for sale would be ineffective. The per share redemption price may be paid, as determined by SEACOR Marine’s Board of Directors, by cash, promissory notes or warrants. However, SEACOR Marine may not be able to redeem such excess shares for cash because its operations may not have generated sufficient excess cash flow to fund such redemption. If, for any reason, SEACOR Marine is unable to effect such a redemption when such ownership of shares by non-U.S. citizens is in excess of 25% of the Common Stock, or otherwise prevent non-U.S. citizens in the aggregate from owning shares in excess of 25% of any such class or series of its capital stock, or fail to exercise its redemption rights because it is unaware that such ownership exceeds such percentage, SEACOR Marine will likely be unable to comply with the Jones Act and will likely be required by the applicable governmental authorities to suspend its operations in the U.S. coastwise trade. Any such actions by governmental authorities would likely have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

Under certain circumstances, the Company’s vessels are subject to requisition for ownership or use by governmental agencies.

The Merchant Marine Act of 1936 provides that, during a national emergency declared by presidential proclamation or a period for which the U.S. President has proclaimed that the security of the national defense makes it advisable, the Secretary of Transportation may requisition the ownership or use of any vessel owned by U.S. citizens (which includes the Company) and any vessel under construction in the U.S. If any of the Company’s vessels were purchased or chartered by the federal government under this law, the Company would be entitled to just compensation, which is generally the fair market value of the vessel in the case of a purchase or, in the case of a charter, the fair market value of charter hire, but the Company would not be entitled to compensation for any consequential damages it may suffer. The purchase or charter for an extended period of time by the federal government of one or more of the Company’s vessels under this law could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects. Vessels registered under other flag states may also be subject to requisition or purchase in accordance with applicable local law.

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The Company may not be able to sell vessels to improve its liquidity because it may be unable to locate buyers with access to financing or to complete any sales on acceptable terms or within a reasonable time frame.

The Company may seek to sell some of its vessels to provide liquidity. However, given the volatility in the oil and natural gas industry in general, and the offshore oil and natural gas industry in particular, there may not be sufficient activity in the market to sell the Company’s vessels and the Company may not be able to identify buyers with access to financing or to complete any such sales. Even if the Company is able to locate appropriate buyers for its vessels, any sales may occur on less favorable terms than the terms that might be available in a more liquid market or at other times in the business cycle. In addition, the terms of the Company’s current and future indebtedness may limit its ability to sell assets, including vessels, or require that it use the proceeds from any such sale in a specified manner.

The Company may be unable to collect amounts owed to it by its customers.

The Company typically grants its customers credit on a short-term basis. Related credit risks are inherent as the Company does not typically collateralize receivables due from customers and the Company’s ten largest customers accounted for approximately 63% of the consolidated revenues from continuing operations in 2022. In addition, many of its international customers are state-controlled and, as a result, the Company’s receivables may be subject to local political priorities, which are out of the Company’s control. The Company provides estimates for uncollectible accounts based primarily on its judgment using historical losses, current economic conditions and individual evaluations of each customer as evidence supporting the receivables valuations stated on the Company’s financial statements. However, the Company’s receivables valuation estimates may not be accurate and receivables due from customers reflected in its financial statements may not be paid in a timely manner or collectible. The Company’s inability to perform under its contractual obligations, or its customers’ inability or unwillingness to fulfill their contractual commitments to the Company, may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

The Company participates in joint ventures, and its investments in joint ventures could be adversely affected by its lack of sole decision-making authority and disputes between its partners and itself.

The Company participates in domestic and international joint ventures to further expand its capabilities, share risks and gain access to local markets. Due to the nature of joint venture arrangements, the Company does not unilaterally control the operating, strategic and financial policies of these business ventures. Decisions are often made on a collective basis, including the purchase and sale of assets, charter arrangements with customers and management of cash, including cash distributions to partners. In addition, joint ventures can often require unanimous approval of the parties to the joint venture or their representatives for certain fundamental decisions, which could lead to deadlock in the operations or strategy with respect to the joint venture or partnership. Decisions made by the managers or the governing bodies of these entities may not always be the decision that is most beneficial to the Company as one of the equity holders of the entity, may be contrary to the Company’s objectives, and may limit the Company’s ability to transfer its interests. Investments in joint ventures involve risks that would not be present were a third party not involved, including the possibility that the Company’s co-ventures might become bankrupt or fail to fund their share of required capital contributions. Any failure of such other companies to meet their obligations to the Company or to third parties, or any disputes with respect to the parties’ respective rights and obligations, could have a material adverse effect on the joint ventures or their properties and, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

The Company’s participation in industry-wide, multi-employer, defined benefit pension plans expose it to potential future losses.

Certain of the Company’s subsidiaries are participating employers in two industry-wide, multi-employer defined benefit pension plans in the U.K., namely, the U.K. Merchant Navy Officers Pension Fund (“MNOPF”) and the U.K. Merchant Navy Ratings Pension Fund (“MNRPF”). Among other risks associated with multi-employer plans, contributions and unfunded obligations of the multi-employer plan are shared by the plan participants. As a result, the Company may inherit unfunded obligations if other plan participants withdraw from the plan or cease to participate, and in the event that the Company withdraws from participation in one or both of these plans, it may be required to pay the plan an amount based on its allocable share of the underfunded status of the plan. Depending on the results of future actuarial valuations, it is possible that the plans could experience further deficits that will require funding from the Company, which would negatively impact its financial position, results of operations and cash flows. For example, on October 19, 2021, the Company was informed by the MNRPF that two issues had been identified during a review of the MNRPF by the applicable trustee that would potentially give rise to material additional liabilities for the MNRPF. The MNRPF has indicated that the investigations into these issues remain ongoing, and that further updates will be provided as significant developments arise. Should such additional liabilities require the MNRPF to collect additional funds from participating employers, it is possible that the Company will be invoiced for a portion of such funds and recognize payroll related operating expenses in the periods invoices are received.

The Company’s employees are covered by federal laws that may subject it to job-related claims in addition to those provided by state laws.

Some of the Company’s employees are covered by provisions of the Jones Act, the Death on the High Seas Act and general maritime law. These laws preempt state workers’ compensation laws and permit these employees and their representatives to pursue actions against employers for job-related incidents in federal courts based on tort theories. Because the Company is not generally protected by the damage limits imposed by state workers’ compensation statutes for these types of claims, it may have greater exposure for any claims made by these employees.

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Risk Factors Related to the Company’s Common Stock

The Company’s stock price may fluctuate significantly, and investors may not be able to sell their shares at an attractive price.

The trading price of the Company’s Common Stock may be volatile and subject to wide price fluctuations in response to various factors including:

These and other factors may cause the market price and demand for the Company’s Common Stock to fluctuate substantially, which may limit or prevent investors from readily selling their shares of the Company’s Common Stock and may otherwise negatively affect the liquidity of the Company’s Common Stock. In addition, in the past, when the market price of a stock has been volatile, holders of that stock have sometimes instituted securities class action litigation against the company that issued the stock. If any of the Company’s stockholders were to bring a lawsuit against it, the Company could incur substantial costs defending the lawsuit. Such a lawsuit could also divert the time and attention of the Company’s management from its business.

An investor’s percentage of ownership in the Company may be diluted in the future.

As with any publicly traded company, an investor’s percentage ownership in the Company may be diluted in the future because of equity issuances for acquisitions, capital market transactions or otherwise, including equity awards that the Company has and will continue to grant to its directors, officers and employees. For instance, among other prior issuances of the Company’s Common Stock, in December 2021, the Company issued 1,567,935 shares of Common Stock as merger and related consideration to purchase the remaining equity and subordinated debt interests in SEACOR OSV Partners I LP that the Company did not already own. In addition, an investor’s percentage ownership in the Company will be diluted if any of the holders of the New Convertible Notes exercise their right to convert the principal amount of their outstanding notes, in whole or in part, into shares of Common Stock. Holders of the New Convertible Notes are entitled to convert the principal amount of their outstanding notes into shares of Common Stock (or, if required to maintain Jones Act compliance, warrants to purchase such stock for $0.01) at a conversion rate of 85.1064 shares of Common Stock per $1,000 principal amount of the New Convertible Notes through July 1, 2026. The Company has granted the holders of the New Convertible Notes certain registration rights to assist them with the sale of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of such notes. Any substantial issuance of Common Stock, including Common Stock issuable upon the conversion of the New Convertible Notes, could significantly affect the trading price of the Company’s Common Stock.

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If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about the Company’s business, if they adversely change their recommendations regarding the Company’s stock or if the Company’s results of operations do not meet their expectations, the Company’s stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for the Company’s Common Stock is influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about the Company or its business. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of the Company or fail to publish reports on the Company regularly, the Company could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause its stock price or trading volume to decline. Moreover, if one or more of the analysts who cover the Company downgrade recommendations regarding the Company’s stock, or if the Company’s results of operations do not meet their expectations, the Company’s stock price could decline and such decline could be material.

The Company is obligated to develop and maintain proper and effective internal control over financial reporting and is subject to other requirements that will be burdensome and costly.

The Company is subject to other reporting and corporate governance requirements, including the requirements of the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), and certain provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder, which impose significant compliance obligations upon the Company. As a public company, the Company is required to:

These changes require a significant commitment of additional resources, including increased auditing and legal fees and costs associated with hiring additional accounting and administrative staff. The Company may not be successful in fully and efficiently implementing these requirements and implementing them could materially adversely affect its business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

Failure to achieve and maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 could have a material adverse effect on the Company.

The Company’s internal controls were initially developed when it was a subsidiary of SEACOR Holdings Inc. (“SEACOR Holdings”). However, section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (“Section 404”) requires the Company to establish effective internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Section 404 and to assess the effectiveness of such controls beginning with the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

If the Company is unable to maintain adequate internal control over financial reporting, it may be unable to report its financial information on a timely basis, may violate applicable stock exchange listing rules or suffer other adverse regulatory consequences and may breach the covenants under its credit facilities. There could also be a negative reaction in the price of the Company’s Common Stock due to a loss of investor confidence in the Company and the reliability of its financial statements. It cannot be assumed that the Company will not have another material weakness in its internal controls over financial reporting in the future.

Moreover, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements because of its inherent limitations, including the possibility of human error, the circumvention or overriding of controls or fraud. Even effective internal controls can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements. The existence of a material weakness could result in errors in the Company’s financial statements that could result in a restatement of financial statements, which could cause the Company to fail to meet its reporting obligations, lead to a loss of investor confidence and have a negative impact on the trading price of the Company’s Common Stock.

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Provisions in SEACOR Marine’s Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Third Amended and Restated By-Laws, and Delaware law may discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of SEACOR Marine or changes in SEACOR Marine’s management and, therefore, may depress the trading price of its Common Stock.

SEACOR Marine’s Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Third Amended and Restated By-Laws include certain provisions that could have the effect of discouraging, delaying or preventing a change of control of SEACOR Marine or changes in its management, including, among other things:

These provisions in SEACOR Marine’s Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Third Amended and Restated By-Laws may discourage, delay or prevent a transaction involving a change in control of SEACOR Marine that is in the best interest of its stockholders. Even in the absence of a takeover attempt, the existence of these provisions may adversely affect the prevailing market price of SEACOR Marine’s Common Stock if they are viewed as discouraging future takeover attempts.

SEACOR Marine’s Third Amended and Restated By-Laws include a forum selection clause, which could limit SEACOR Marine’s stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with SEACOR Marine.

SEACOR Marine’s Third Amended and Restated By-Laws require that, unless SEACOR Marine consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall be the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of SEACOR Marine, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of SEACOR Marine to SEACOR Marine or SEACOR Marine’s stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or (iv) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine.

This exclusive forum provision will not apply to claims under the Exchange Act, but will apply to other state and federal law claims including actions arising under the Securities Act of 1933 (although SEACOR Marine’s stockholders will not be deemed to have waived SEACOR Marine’s compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder). Section 22 of the Securities Act of 1933, however, creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act of 1933 or the rules and regulations thereunder. Accordingly, there is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce such a forum selection provision as written in connection with claims arising under the Securities Act of 1933. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of SEACOR Marine’s capital stock is deemed to have notice of and consented to the foregoing provisions. This forum selection provision in SEACOR Marine’s Third Amended and Restated By-Laws may limit SEACOR Marine’s stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with SEACOR Marine. It is also possible that, notwithstanding the forum selection clause included in SEACOR Marine’s Third Amended and Restated By-Laws, a court could rule that such a provision is inapplicable or unenforceable.

SEACOR Marine does not expect to pay dividends to holders of its Common Stock.

SEACOR Marine currently intends to retain its future earnings, if any, for the foreseeable future, to repay indebtedness and to fund the development and growth of its business. SEACOR Marine does not intend to pay any dividends to holders of its Common Stock. As a result, capital appreciation in the price of SEACOR Marine’s Common Stock, if any, will be investor's only source of gain or income on an investment in SEACOR Marine’s Common Stock.

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General Risk Factors

Difficult economic conditions and volatility in the capital markets could materially adversely affect the Company.

The success of the Company’s business is both directly and indirectly dependent upon conditions in the global financial markets and economic conditions in the U.S. and throughout the world that are outside the Company’s control and are difficult to predict. Factors such as global and/or regional conflicts, such as the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, pandemic responses, commodity prices and demand for commodities, interest rates, availability of credit, inflation rates, changes in laws (including laws relating to taxation, such as amendments to provisions of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) that permit us to carryback NOLs not permitted prior to adoption of the act), trade barriers, currency exchange rates and controls, significant economic downturns or recessions and national and international political circumstances (including wars, terrorist acts, security operations or pandemics) can have a material negative impact on the Company’s business and investments, which could reduce its revenues and profitability. Uncertainty about global economic conditions may cause or require businesses to postpone capital spending in response to tighter credit and reductions in income or asset values and to cancel or renegotiate existing contracts because their access to capital is impeded. This would in turn affect the Company’s profitability or results of operations. These factors may also adversely affect the Company’s liquidity and financial condition and the liquidity and financial conditions of its customers. Volatility in the conditions of the global economic markets can also affect the Company’s ability to raise capital at attractive prices. The Company’s ongoing exposure to credit risks on its accounts receivable balances are heightened during periods when economic conditions worsen. The Company has procedures that are designed to monitor and limit exposure to credit risk on its receivables, however, there can be no assurance that such procedures will effectively limit the Company’s credit risk and avoid losses that could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects. Unstable economic conditions, including an economic downturn or recession may also increase the volatility of the Company’s stock price. An economic downturn and related economic uncertainty may have a negative impact on the Company’s business.

The Company’s operations are subject to certain foreign currency, interest rate, fixed-income, equity and commodity price risks.

The Company is exposed to certain foreign currency, interest rate, fixed-income, equity and commodity price risks and, although some of these risks may be hedged, fluctuations could impact its financial position and its results of operations. The Company has, and anticipates that it will continue to have, contracts denominated in foreign currencies. It is often not practicable for the Company to effectively hedge the entire risk of significant changes in currency rates during a contract period. The Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows have been negatively impacted for certain periods and positively impacted for other periods, and may continue to be affected to a material extent by the impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. For example, strengthening of the U.S. dollar could give rise to reduced prices from shipyards and incentivize additional investment in new equipment notwithstanding the current state of such market. The Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows may also be affected by the cost of hedging activities that it undertakes. Volatility in the financial markets and overall economic uncertainty also increase the risk that the actual amounts realized in the future on the Company’s debt and equity instruments could differ significantly from the fair values currently assigned to them. In addition, changes in interest rates may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects. Specifically, rising interest rates, including a potential rapid rise in interest rates, could increase the Company’s cost of capital. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to access the capital markets to provide funding for future operations that would require additional capital beyond the Company’s current existing available capital on terms acceptable or favorable to the Company.

The Company engages in hedging activities which exposes it to risks.

For corporate purposes, the Company has in the past and may in the future use futures and swaps to hedge risks, such as escalation in fuel costs and movements in foreign exchange rates and interest rates. Such activities can themselves result in losses when a position is purchased in a declining market or a position is sold in a rising market. The Company may also purchase inventory in larger than usual levels to lock in costs when it believes there may be large increases in the price of raw materials or other material used in its business. Such purchases expose the Company to risks of meeting margin calls and drawing on its capital, counter-party risk due to failure of an exchange or institution with which it has entered into a swap, incurring higher costs than competitors or similar businesses that do not engage in such strategies, and losses on its investment portfolio. Such strategies can also cause earnings to be volatile. If the Company fails to offset such volatility, this could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

The Company’s results could be impacted by U.S. social, political, regulatory and economic conditions as well as by changes in tariffs, trade agreements or other trade restrictions imposed by the U.S. government.

Changes in U.S. political, regulatory and economic conditions or in laws and policies governing foreign trade (including the U.S. trade agreements and U.S. tariff policies), travel to and from the U.S., immigration, manufacturing, development and investment in the territories and countries in which the Company operates, and any negative sentiments or retaliatory actions towards the U.S. as a result of such changes, could adversely affect the global marine and support transportation services industry. Recent changes in U.S. foreign policy have created significant uncertainty about the future relationship between the U.S. and China, as well as with other countries, including with respect to the trade policies, treaties, government regulations and tariffs that could apply to trade between the U.S. and other nations. Changes in these policies may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

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A violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 (“FCPA”) or similar worldwide anti-bribery laws may adversely affect the Company’s business and operations.

In order to effectively compete in certain foreign jurisdictions, the Company seeks to establish joint ventures with local operators or strategic partners. As a U.S. corporation, the Company is subject to the regulations imposed by the FCPA, which generally prohibits U.S. companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or maintaining business. The Company has stringent policies and procedures in place to enforce compliance with the FCPA. Nevertheless, the Company does business and may do additional business in the future in countries and regions where strict compliance with anti-bribery laws may not be customary and the Company may be held liable for actions taken by its strategic or local partners even though these partners may not be subject to the FCPA. The Company’s personnel and intermediaries, including its local operators and strategic partners, may face, directly or indirectly, corrupt demands by government officials, political parties and officials, tribal or insurgent organizations, or private entities in the countries in which it operates or may operate in the future. As a result, the Company faces the risk that an unauthorized payment or offer of payment could be made by one of its employees or intermediaries, even if such parties are not always subject to the Company’s control or are not themselves subject to the FCPA or other similar laws to which the Company may be subject. Any allegation or determination that the Company has violated the FCPA (or any other applicable anti-bribery laws in countries in which the Company does business, including the U.K. Bribery Act 2010) could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

Adverse results of legal proceedings could materially adversely affect the Company.

The Company is subject to and may in the future be subject to a variety of legal proceedings and claims that arise out of the ordinary conduct of its business. Results of legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty. Irrespective of its merits, litigation may be both lengthy and disruptive to the Company’s operations and may cause significant expenditure and diversion of management attention. The Company may be faced with significant monetary damages or injunctive relief against it that which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects should it fail to prevail in certain matters.

Negative publicity may adversely impact the Company.

The Company’s operations involve the risk of incidents and media coverage thereof. Such incidents include, but are not limited to, the improper operation or maintenance of vessels; crew illnesses; mechanical failures, fires and collisions; repair delays, groundings and navigational errors; oil spills and other maritime and environmental issues as well as other incidents at sea, which may generate negative publicity or cause crew discomfort, injury, or death. Although the Company’s commitment to the safety of its employees is paramount to the success of the Company’s business, the Company’s vessels have been involved in accidents and other incidents in the past and the Company may experience similar or other incidents in the future. The Company’s ability to attract and retain its clients, hire and retain employees and the amounts the Company must pay its employees depend, in part, upon the perception and reputation of the Company.

Media coverage and public statements that insinuate improper actions by the Company, regardless of their factual accuracy or truthfulness, may result in negative publicity, litigation or governmental investigations by regulators. Addressing negative publicity and any resulting litigation or investigations may distract management, increase costs and divert resources. Negative publicity may have an adverse impact on the Company’s reputation and the morale of its employees, which could materially adversely affect its business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

Changes or modifications in financial account standards or practices may cause an adverse impact on reported results of operations or financial conditions.

The accounting rules and regulations that the Company complies with are subject to interpretation by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the SEC and other various bodies formed to promulgate and interpret appropriate accounting principles. A change or modification in accounting standards or practices may have a significant effect on the Company’s reported results of operations and the way that the Company conducts its business. The accounting rules and regulations and their interpretations have changed in the past and may change in the future. The Company cannot predict the impact that future changes to existing regulations or the introduction of new accounting rules or regulations might have on the Company’s business.

The Company’s success depends on key members of its management, the loss of whom could disrupt its business operations.

The Company depends to a large extent on the efforts and continued employment of its executive officers and key management personnel. It does not maintain key-man insurance. The loss of services of one or more of its executive officers or key management personnel could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

Offshore support vessels are the principal physical properties owned by the Company as more fully described in “Item 1. Business.”

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

On April 13, 2021, the SEACOR Power, a liftboat owned by a subsidiary of the Company with nineteen individuals on board, capsized off the coast of Port Fourchon, Louisiana. The incident resulted in the death of several crew members, including the captain of the vessel and five other employees of the Company. The incident also resulted in the constructive total loss of the SEACOR Power. The Company is responsible for the salvage operations related to the vessel in coordination with the USCG. The salvage operations are substantially complete and the Company expects salvage costs to be covered by insurance proceeds.

The capsizing of the SEACOR Power garnered significant attention from the media as well as local, state and federal politicians. The NTSB and the USCG have each conducted an investigation to determine the cause of the incident. The Company has and will continue to fully cooperate with the investigations in all respects. On November 3, 2022, the NTSB publicly released its final report, as adopted on October 18, 2022, which determined that the probable cause of the capsizing of the SEACOR Power was a loss of stability that occurred when the vessel was struck by severe thunderstorm winds, which exceeded the vessel’s operation wind speed limits. The NTSB further determined that contributing to the loss of life on the vessel were the speed at which the vessel capsized and the angle at which it came to rest, which made egress difficult, and the high winds and seas in the aftermath of the capsizing, which hampered rescue efforts. The USCG is also expected to release a report on its investigation although the timing of such release is uncertain.

Numerous civil lawsuits have been filed against the Company and other third parties by the family members of deceased crew members and the surviving crew members employed by the Company or by the third parties. On June 2, 2021, the Company filed a Limitation of Liability Act complaint in federal court in the Eastern District of Louisiana (“Limitation Action”), which had the effect of enjoining all existing civil lawsuits and requiring the plaintiffs to file their claims relating to the capsizing of the SEACOR Power in the Limitation Action. Nearly all injury and death claims in the Limitation Action for which the Company has financial exposure have been resolved, and the remaining claims are those for which the Company is owed contractual defense and indemnity or will be covered by insurance. There is significant uncertainty regarding the impact the incident will have on the Company’s reputation and the resulting possible impact on the Company’s business.

In the normal course of its business, the Company becomes involved in various other litigation matters including, among other things, claims by third parties for alleged property damages and personal injuries. In the opinion of the Company's management, while the outcome of these matters is uncertain, the likely results of these matters are not expected, either individually or in the aggregate, to have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows. However, management has used estimates in determining the Company’s potential exposure to these matters and has recorded reserves in its financial statements related thereto where appropriate. It is possible that a change in the Company’s estimates of that exposure could occur, but the Company does not expect such changes in estimated costs could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

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EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT

Officers of SEACOR Marine serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. The name, age and positions held by each of SEACOR Marine’s current executive officers are as follows (age and position as of March 6, 2023):

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PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market for the Company’s Common Stock

SEACOR Marine’s Common Stock is traded on the NYSE under the trading symbol “SMHI.”

As of February 27, 2023, there were 482 holders of record of Common Stock.

Dividend Policy

The Company currently does not intend on paying any dividends for the foreseeable future. Any payment of future dividends will be at the discretion of SEACOR Marine’s Board of Directors and will depend upon, among other factors, the Company’s earnings, financial condition, current and anticipated capital requirements, plans for expansion, level of indebtedness and legal and contractual restrictions, including the provisions of the Company’s other then-existing indebtedness. The payment of future cash dividends, if any, would be made only from assets legally available.

Issuer Repurchases of Equity Securities

The following table provides information with respect to purchases by the Company of shares of its Common Stock during the fourth quarter of 2022:

ITEM 6. [RESERVED]

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) below presents the Company’s operating results for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, and its financial condition as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. Certain statements in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations constitute forward looking statements. See “Forward Looking Statements” included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The following MD&A is intended to help the reader understand the results of operations and financial condition of the Company. The MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in Part IV of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and incorporated herein by reference.

Overview

The Company provides global marine and support transportation services to offshore energy facilities worldwide. As of December 31, 2022, the Company operated a diverse fleet of 60 support vessels, of which 58 were owned or leased-in and two were managed on behalf of unaffiliated third parties. The primary users of the Company’s services are major integrated national and international oil companies, independent oil and natural gas exploration and production companies, oil field service and construction companies, as well as offshore wind farm operators and offshore wind farm installation and maintenance companies.

The Company operates and manages a diverse fleet of offshore support vessels that (i) deliver cargo and personnel to offshore installations, including offshore wind farms, (ii) assist offshore operations for production and storage facilities, (iii) provide construction, well work-over, offshore wind farm installation and decommissioning support, (iv) carry and launch equipment used underwater in drilling and well installation, maintenance, inspection and repair and (v) handle anchors and mooring equipment for offshore rigs and platforms. Additionally, the Company’s vessels provide emergency response services and accommodations for technicians and specialists.

Recent Developments

SEACOR Marine Foreign Holdings Credit Facility. On March 2, 2023, the Company and SMFH entered into Amendment No. 7 (“SMFH Amendment No. 7”) to that certain Second Amended and Restated Guaranty, dated as of September 29, 2022, issued by the Company in favor of DNB Bank ASA, New York Branch, as security trustee (the “Second A&R SMFH Credit Facility Guaranty”) in connection with that certain senior secured loan facility with a syndicate of lenders administered by DNB Bank ASA, New York Branch, dated as of September 26, 2018 and as amended from time to time (the “SMFH Credit Facility”). SMFH Amendment No. 7 extends the date through which the Company is required to maintain an interest coverage ratio of 1.50:1.00 (as calculated in accordance with the Second A&R SMFH Credit Facility Guaranty) from December 31, 2022 to June 30, 2023. For the last day of fiscal quarters thereafter, the interest coverage ratio is required to be at least 2.00:1.00.

SEACOR Offshore OSV. On December 22, 2022, SEACOR Offshore OSV LLC (“SEACOR Offshore OSV”), a wholly owned subsidiary of SEACOR Marine, and certain vessel-owning subsidiaries of SEACOR Offshore OSV, entered into Amendment No. 8 (“Amendment No. 8”) to that certain second amended and restated credit facility agreement with DNB Capital LLC and Comerica Bank, as lenders, and administered by DNB Bank ASA, New York Branch, dated as of December 31, 2021 (as amended from time to time, the “SEACOR OSV Credit Facility”), and in connection with which SEACOR Marine previously entered into a Guaranty, dated as of December 31, 2021, in favor of DNB Bank ASA, New York Branch, as security trustee.

Amendment No. 8 provides for, among other things, the division of the loans under the SEACOR OSV Credit Facility into two tranches of debt, Class A Debt (as defined in the SEACOR OSV Credit Facility) deemed loaned under the SEACOR OSV Credit Facility by DNB Capital LLC in an amount of approximately $10.9 million as of the date of the amendment, and Class B Debt (as defined in the SEACOR OSV Credit Facility) deemed loaned under the SEACOR OSV Credit Facility by Comerica Bank in an amount of approximately $5.6 million as of the date of the amendment. In addition, pursuant to Amendment No. 8, (a) the Final Payment Date (as defined in the SEACOR OSV Credit Facility) of the Class A Debt was extended from December 31, 2023 to March 31, 2026, (b) the Margin (as defined in the SEACOR OSV Credit Facility) of the Class A Debt was increased from 4.68% per annum to 4.75% per annum, and (c) the amortization profile of the Credit Facility was amended such that the borrowers thereunder are required to pay $500,000 per quarter up to and including the quarter ending on December 31, 2023 (at which point all amounts outstanding under the Class B Debt shall become due and payable), and $330,450 per quarter thereafter up to and including March 31, 2026. The Class B Debt maintains substantially the same terms and conditions under the SEACOR OSV Credit Facility as it had prior to Amendment No. 8.

Re-Alignment of Capital Structure

At the end of the third quarter and beginning of the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company entered into a series of transactions described in more detail below that resulted in the Company (i) extending $177.4 million that was due in 2023 until 2026, (ii) receiving

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$66.0 million in proceeds from the sale of its interest in certain joint ventures and (iii) deploying $20.0 million of the sale proceeds as a loan to its former joint venture to be repaid by September 2023.

Exchange Transactions. On October 5, 2022, SEACOR Marine and certain funds affiliated with The Carlyle Group Inc. (the “Carlyle Investors”) entered into two agreements pursuant to which SEACOR Marine issued the Carlyle Investors (i) $90.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the Company’s 8.0% / 9.5% Senior PIK Toggle Notes due 2026 (the “Guaranteed Notes”) and (ii) $35.0 million aggregate principal amount of SEACOR Marine’s 4.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 (the “New Convertible Notes”) in exchange for $125.0 million in aggregate principal amount of SEACOR Marine’s convertible senior notes due 2023 (“Old Convertible Notes”), comprising all Old Convertible Notes outstanding (the “Exchange Transactions”). The Exchange Transactions extended the maturity of $125.0 million of SEACOR Marine’s indebtedness by over 2.5 years from December 2023 to July 2026. For additional information and a summary of the terms of the Guaranteed Notes and New Convertible Notes, see “Note 9. Long-Term Debt” in the audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Framework Agreement Transactions. On September 29, 2022, SEACOR Marine and certain of its subsidiaries, on the one hand, and Operadora de Transportes Marítimos, S.A. de C.V. (“OTM”), CME Drillship Holdings DAC (“CME Ireland”), and OVH, on the other hand, entered into a Framework Agreement (the “Framework Agreement”). OTM and CME Ireland are affiliates of Proyectos Globales de Energía y Servicios CME, S.A. de C.V. (“CME”). Alfredo Miguel Bejos is the President and Chief Executive Officer of CME and also serves as a member of the board of directors of SEACOR Marine.

Prior to the closing of the Framework Agreement Transactions (defined below), the Company owned 49% of each of MexMar and OVH through SEACOR Marine International LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of SEACOR Marine (“SEACOR Marine International”), and the remaining 51% ownership interests were held by OTM. The Company also owned a minority interest in SEACOR Marlin LLC (“SEACOR Marlin LLC”), the owner of the PSV SEACOR Marlin, and the remaining ownership interests of SEACOR Marlin LLC were held by MexMar.

The Framework Agreement provided for, among other things, (i) the sale by SEACOR Marine LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of SEACOR Marine (“SMLLC”), of all of the outstanding equity interests of SEACOR Marine International to OTM for a purchase price of $66.0 million in cash paid at closing, (ii) the sale of the AHTS SEACOR Davis to CME Ireland in exchange for the remaining equity interests in SEACOR Marlin LLC, such that SEACOR Marlin LLC became a wholly-owned subsidiary of SEACOR Marine and the sole owner of the PSV SEACOR Marlin, (iii) the transfer of a hybrid battery system from OVH to SEACOR Marine Capital as repayment in full of a certain vessel loan agreement provided by the Company to its former joint venture, and (iv) entry into a bareboat charter agreement between SEACOR Marlin LLC and MexMar with respect to the PSV SEACOR Marlin (collectively, the “Framework Agreement Transactions”).

Note Receivable. In connection with the closing of the Framework Agreement Transactions, on September 29, 2022, SEACOR Marine Capital Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of SEACOR Marine (“SEACOR Marine Capital”) purchased all of the outstanding loans under the Second Amended and Restated Term Loan Credit Facility Agreement, made as of July 8, 2022, by and among MexMar, as the borrower, DNB Capital LLC and The Governor and Company of the Bank of Ireland, each as lenders, and DNB Bank ASA, New York Branch, as facility agent (as amended from time to time, the “MexMar Original Facility Agreement”) for an aggregate amount of $28.8 million, representing the par value of the loan. The purchase was funded using proceeds received from the Framework Agreement Transactions. On the same date, the MexMar Original Facility Agreement was amended and restated in the Third Amended and Restated Facility Agreement (“MexMar Third A&R Facility Agreement”) pursuant to which, among other things, SEACOR Marine Capital became the lender, MexMar paid down approximately $8.8 million of the loan and agreed to repay the $20.0 million of the loan that remains outstanding by September 30, 2023, through four equal quarterly installments of $5.0 million. As of December 31, 2022, the loan balance due from MexMar was $15.0 million. For additional information and a summary of the terms of the MexMar Third A&R Facility Agreement, see “Note 4. Note Receivable” in the audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

SEACOR Marine Foreign Holdings Credit Facility. On September 29, 2022, SEACOR Marine, SMFH, and certain vessel-owning subsidiaries of SEACOR Marine, entered into Amendment No. 5 (“SMFH Amendment No. 5”) to the SMFH Credit Facility, and in connection therewith SEACOR Marine entered into the Second A&R SMFH Credit Facility Guaranty.

SMFH Amendment No. 5 and the Second A&R SMFH Credit Facility Guaranty provided for, among other things, (i) a $5.3 million prepayment of the SMFH Credit Facility thereby reducing the amount outstanding thereunder to approximately $74.7 million, (ii) the establishment of Tranche A and Tranche B loans under the SMFH Credit Facility (each as defined in the SMFH Credit Facility) and (iii) the change in the reference rate for Tranche B from LIBOR to SOFR. Tranche A is comprised of approximately $19.8 million of the principal amount of the loan and will maintain the same Margin (as defined in the SMFH Credit Facility) over LIBOR of 4.75% per annum through December 31, 2022, thereafter reverting to 3.75% per annum and the same maturity date of September 30, 2023. Tranche B is comprised of approximately $54.9 million of the principal amount of the loan, permanently maintains the Margin over SOFR (previously LIBOR) at 4.75% per annum and extends the maturity date from September 30, 2023 to March 31, 2026.

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Trends Affecting the Offshore Marine Business

Oil and Natural Gas Prices

The market for offshore oil and natural gas drilling has historically been cyclical. Demand for offshore support vessels is highly correlated to the price of oil and natural gas as those prices significantly impact the Company’s customers’ exploration and drilling activity levels. Oil and natural gas prices tend to fluctuate based on many factors, including global economic activity, levels of reserves and production activity. Price levels for oil and natural gas have and will continue to influence demand for offshore marine services. In addition to the price of oil and natural gas, the availability of acreage, local tax incentives or disincentives, drilling moratoriums and other regulatory actions, and requirements for maintaining interests in leases affect activity in the offshore oil and natural gas industry. Factors that influence the level of offshore exploration and drilling activities include:

Offshore oil and natural gas market conditions are highly volatile. Prices deteriorated beginning in the second half of 2014 and continued to deteriorate when oil prices hit a thirteen-year low of less than $27 per barrel (on the New York Mercantile Exchange) in February 2016. Oil prices experienced unprecedented volatility during 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the related effects on the global economy, with the price per barrel going negative for a short period of time. Oil prices have steadily increased since the lows hit at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and hit a multi-year high of $122 per barrel at points during 2022 primarily as a result of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine as well as the related economic sanctions and economic uncertainty but have recently decreased to the $80 per barrel range.

While the Company has experienced difficult market conditions over the past few years due to low and volatile oil and natural gas prices and the focus of oil and natural gas producing companies on cost and capital spending budget reductions, the increases since the lows experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic in oil and natural gas prices has led to an increase in utilization, day rates and customer inquiries about potential new charters.

Vessel Supply Dynamics and Other Industry Drivers

Low oil prices and the subsequent decline in offshore exploration have forced many operators in the industry to restructure or liquidate assets. The Company continues to closely monitor the delivery of newly built offshore support vessels to the industry-wide fleet, which in the recent past contributed to an oversaturated market, thereby further lowering the demand for the Company’s existing offshore support vessel fleet. A combination of (i) low customer exploration and drilling activity levels, and (ii) excess supply of offshore support vessels whether from laid up fleets or newly built vessels could, in isolation or together, have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows and growth prospects.

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Certain macro drivers somewhat independent of oil and natural gas prices may support the Company’s business, including: (i) underspending by oil and natural gas producers during the recent industry downturn leading to pent up demand for maintenance and growth capital expenditures; (ii) improved extraction technologies; and (iii) the need for offshore wind farms support as the industry grows. While the Company expects that alternative forms of energy will continue to grow and add to the world’s energy mix, especially as governments, supranational groups and various other parties focus on climate change causes and concerns, the Company believes that for the foreseeable future demand for gasoline and oil will be sustained, as will demand for electricity from natural gas. Some alternative forms of energy such as offshore wind farms support some of the Company’s businesses and the Company expects such support to increase as development of renewable energy expands.

The Company adheres to a strategy of cold-stacking vessels (removing from active service) during periods of weak utilization in order to reduce the daily running costs of operating the fleet, primarily personnel, repairs and maintenance costs, as well as to defer some drydocking costs into future periods. The Company considers various factors in determining which vessels to cold-stack, including upcoming dates for regulatory vessel inspections and related docking requirements. The Company may maintain class certification on certain cold-stacked vessels, thereby incurring some drydocking costs while cold-stacked. Cold-stacked vessels are returned to active service when market conditions improve, or management anticipates improvement, typically leading to increased costs for drydocking, personnel, repair and maintenance in the periods immediately preceding the vessels’ return to active service. Depending on market conditions, vessels with similar characteristics and capabilities may be rotated between active service and cold-stack. On an ongoing basis, the Company reviews its cold-stacked vessels to determine if any should be designated as retired and removed from service based on the vessel’s physical condition, the expected costs to reactivate and restore class certification, if any, and its viability to operate within current and projected market conditions. As of December 31, 2022, three of the Company’s 58 owned and leased-in vessels were cold-stacked worldwide.

Certain Components of Revenues and Expenses

The Company operates its fleet in four principal geographic regions: the U.S., primarily in the Gulf of Mexico; Africa and Europe; the Middle East and Asia; and Latin America, primarily in Mexico and Guyana. The Company’s vessels are highly mobile and regularly and routinely move between countries within a geographic region. In addition, the Company’s vessels are redeployed among geographic regions, subject to flag restrictions, as changes in market conditions dictate. The number and type of vessels operated, their rates per day worked and their utilization levels are the key determinants of the Company’s operating results and cash flows. Unless a vessel is cold-stacked, there is little reduction in daily running costs for the vessels and, consequently, operating margins are most sensitive to changes in rates per day worked and utilization. The Company manages its fleet utilizing a global network of shore side support, administrative and finance personnel.

Time charter statistics are the key performance indicators for the Company’s time charter revenues. The rate per day worked is the ratio of total time charter revenues to the aggregate number of days worked. Utilization is the ratio of aggregate number of days worked to total available days for all vessels available for time charter. Unless vessels have been retired and removed from service, available days represents the total calendar days for which vessels available for time charter were owned or leased-in by the Company, whether marketed, under repair, cold-stacked or otherwise out-of-service.

Operating Revenues. The Company generates revenues by providing services to customers primarily pursuant to two different types of contractual arrangements: time charters and bareboat charters. Under a time charter, the Company provides a vessel to a customer and is responsible for all operating expenses, typically excluding fuel. Under a bareboat charter, the Company provides a vessel to a customer and the customer assumes responsibility for all operating expenses and all risks of operation. Vessel charters may range from several days to several years.

Direct Operating Expenses. The aggregate cost of operating the Company’s fleet depends primarily on the size and asset mix of the fleet. The Company’s direct operating costs and expenses, other than leased-in equipment expense, are grouped into the following categories:

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The Company expenses drydocking, engine overhaul and vessel mobilization costs as incurred. If a disproportionate number of drydockings, overhauls or mobilizations are undertaken in a particular fiscal year or quarter, operating expenses may vary significantly when compared with the prior year or prior quarter.

Direct Vessel Profit. Direct vessel profit (defined as operating revenues less operating expenses excluding leased-in equipment, “DVP”) is the Company’s measure of segment profitability. DVP is a critical financial measure used by the Company to analyze and compare the operating performance of its regions, without regard to financing decisions (depreciation and interest expense for owned vessels vs. lease expense for leased-in vessels).

Leased-in Equipment. In addition to the Company’s owned fleet, it operates leased-in vessels from lessors under bareboat charter arrangements that currently expire in 2023, 2024 and 2027. Certain of these vessels were previously owned and subject of sale and leaseback transactions with their lessors.

Impairments. As a result of the difficult conditions experienced in the offshore oil and natural gas markets beginning in the second half of 2014 and the corresponding reductions in utilization and rates per day worked of its fleet, the Company identified indicators of impairment and has over the past few years recognized impairment charges primarily associated with its AHTS fleet, its liftboat fleet, certain specialty vessels and vessels removed from service. When reviewing its fleet for impairment, the Company groups vessels with similar operating and marketing characteristics, including cold-stacked vessels expected to return to active service, into vessel classes. All other vessels, including vessels retired and removed from service, are evaluated for impairment on a vessel by vessel basis.

During 2022, the Company recorded impairment charges of $1.6 million for one FSV that was sold during the year and one leased-in AHTS. During 2021, the Company recorded no impairment charges associated with its fleet. During 2020, the Company recorded impairment charges of $13.5 million associated with its liftboat fleet (five owned and two leased-in vessels), and one specialty vessel and recognized net losses of $5.3 million as a result of asset disposals ($4.8 million loss due to the disposal of one vessel under construction, and $0.5 million loss due to the redelivery of one leased-in AHTS and one leased-in liftboat). Estimated fair values for the Company’s owned vessels were established by independent appraisers and other market data such as recent sales of similar vessels. For information regarding the Company’s vessel fair value measurement determinations, see “Note 12. Fair Value Measurements” in the audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. If market conditions continue to decline from the presently depressed utilization and rates per day worked experienced over the last three years, fair values based on future appraisals could decline significantly.

The Company’s other vessel classes and other individual vessels in active service and cold-stacked status, for which no impairment was deemed necessary, have generally experienced a less severe decline in utilization and rates per day worked based on specific market factors. The market factors include vessels with more general utility to a broader range of customers (e.g., FSVs), vessels required for customers to meet regulatory mandates and operating under multiple year contracts or vessels that service customers outside of the offshore oil and natural gas market.

For vessel classes and individual vessels with indicators of impairment, but which were not impaired as of December 31, 2022, the Company has estimated that their future undiscounted cash flows exceed their current carrying values by more than 40%. The Company’s estimates of future undiscounted cash flows are highly subjective as utilization and rates per day worked are uncertain, including the timing of an estimated market recovery in the offshore oil and natural gas markets and the timing and cost of reactivating cold-stacked vessels. If market conditions decline further, or remain stagnant at current levels, changes in the Company’s expectations on future cash flows may result in recognizing additional impairment charges related to its long-lived assets in future periods.

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Consolidated Results of Operations

For the years ended December 31, the Company’s consolidated results of operations were as follows (in thousands, except statistics):