NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
Investment Transactions and Income Recognition (continued)
agreement and are reflected in the Statements of Assets and Liabilities. Upfront payments are recognized over the contract’s term/event as realized gains or losses, with the exception of forward starting swap contracts whose realized gains or losses are recognized from the effective start date.
Foreign Currency Translation
The accounting records of the Funds are maintained in U.S. dollars. Foreign currencies as well as investment securities and other assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are translated to U.S. dollars using exchange rates at period-end. Purchases and sales of securities, income receipts and expense payments denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at the prevailing exchange rate on the respective dates of the transactions.
The effects of exchange rate fluctuations on investments are included with the net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities. Other foreign currency transactions resulting in realized and unrealized gain (loss) are disclosed separately.
Dividends and Distributions
The Fixed-Income Fund declares and distributes dividends from net investment income, if any, monthly. The Domestic Equity Fund and International Equity Fund each declare and distribute net investment income, if any, to shareholders as dividends at least annually. Each Fund makes distributions of its net realized capital gains, if any, at least annually. Unless a shareholder elects to receive dividends and distributions in cash, dividends and distributions will be reinvested in additional shares of the same share class of the Fund at the NAV calculated as of the payment date. Distributions to shareholders are recorded on the ex-dividend date. The Funds pay distributions on a per-share basis. As a result, on the ex-dividend date of such a payment, the NAVs of the Funds’ shares will be reduced by the amount of the payment.
Foreign Taxes
The Funds may be subject to foreign taxes (a portion of which may be reclaimable) on income, stock dividends, realized and unrealized capital gains on investments or certain foreign currency transactions. Foreign taxes are recorded in accordance with applicable foreign tax regulations and rates that exist in the foreign jurisdictions in which the Funds invest. These foreign taxes, if any, are paid by the Funds and are reflected in the Statements of Operations, if applicable. Foreign taxes payable or deferred by the Funds as of March 31, 2024, if any, are disclosed in the Funds’ Statements of Assets and Liabilities.
Indemnifications
In the normal course of business, the Funds enter into contracts that contain a variety of representations which provide general indemnifications. The Funds’ maximum exposure under these arrangements cannot be known; however, the Funds expect any risk of loss to be remote.
3. Federal Income Taxes
Each Fund intends to continue to qualify for treatment as a “regulated investment company” under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and to distribute substantially all of its net investment income and capital gains to shareholders. Therefore, no federal income tax provision is required.
The Funds evaluate tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the course of preparing their tax returns to determine whether the tax positions are “more-likely-than-not” of being sustained by the applicable tax authority. Tax positions not deemed to meet the more-likely-than-not threshold would be recorded as a tax benefit or expense in the current year. Management has reviewed each Fund’s tax positions taken or to be taken on each Fund’s federal income tax returns through the period ended March 31, 2024 and for all open tax years (years ended September 30, 2021, September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2024), and has concluded that no provision for federal income tax is required in the Funds’ financial statements. Although the statute of limitations for examining a Fund’s U.S. tax returns remains open for three years, no examination is currently in progress. If applicable, each Fund recognizes interest accrued on unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties in other expenses on the Statements of Operations. During the period ended March 31, 2024, the Funds did not incur any interest or tax penalties. The Funds did not record any tax benefit or expense in the current period. The amount and character of tax-basis distributions and composition of distributable earnings (loss) are finalized at fiscal year-end; accordingly, tax-basis balances have not been determined as of the date of this report.