Columbia Financial (CLBK) 10-K/A2021 FY Annual report (amended)

UNITED STATES 

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K/A

(Amendment No. 1)

x  ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2021

or

¨  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____ to _____

Commission File Number: 001-38456

COLUMBIA FINANCIAL, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(800) 522-4167

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. x Yes ¨ No

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. ¨ Yes x No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (l) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes ¨ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files): x Yes ¨No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of, “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company,” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ¨ Yes x No

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates as of June 30, 2021 was $590.4 million. The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock as of April 27, 2022 was 106,191,527.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

NONE

Explanatory Note

On March 1, 2022, Columbia Financial, Inc. (the “Company”) filed our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 (the “Original Form 10-K”). The Original Form 10-K omitted Part III, Items 10 (Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance), 11 (Executive Compensation), 12 (Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters), 13 (Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence) and 14 (Principal Accountant Fees and Services) in reliance on General Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K, which provides that such information may be either incorporated by reference from the registrant’s definitive proxy statement or included in an amendment to Form 10-K, in either case filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year.

This Amendment No. 1 to Form 10-K (this “Amendment”) is being filed solely to:

The cover page of the Form 10-K is also amended to update the number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock, which now reflects the amount outstanding as of April 27, 2022. This Amendment does not otherwise change or update any of the disclosures set forth in the Original Form 10-K and does not otherwise reflect any events occurring after the filing of the Original Form 10-K. Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the respective meanings ascribed to such terms in the Original Form 10-K.

As used in this Amendment, the “Company” refers to Columbia Financial, Inc., and the terms “we,” “us” or “our” refer to the Company and its subsidiaries, Columbia Bank and Freehold Bank, collectively. Other terms used but not defined herein are as defined in the Form 10-K.

COLUMBIA FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES  

Index to Annual Report on Form 10-K 

PART III 

Board of Directors

The Company’s Board of Directors consists of ten (10) members, all of whom are independent under the current listing standards of the Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc. except for Thomas J. Kemly, who is the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company and the Bank. In determining the independence of its directors, the Board considered transactions, relationships or arrangements between the Company, the Bank and its directors that are not required to be disclosed in Form 10-K/A under the heading “Transactions with Related Persons.” The Board is divided into three classes with approximately three-year staggered terms, with approximately one-third of the directors elected each year.

Set forth in the table below is the list of our directors, together with certain biographical information, including their ages as of April 27, 2022. 

Executive Officers

Information relating to our executive officers is presented in Part I, Item 1, Business, under the caption “Our Executive Officers” of the Original Form 10-K, and is hereby incorporated in this Part III, Item 10 by reference.

Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 requires the Company’s executive officers and directors, and persons who own more than 10% of any registered class of the Company’s equity securities, to file reports of ownership and changes in ownership with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Executive officers, directors and greater than 10% shareholders are required by regulation to furnish the Company with copies of all Section 16(a) reports they file.

Based solely on its review of the copies of the reports it has received, and written representations provided to the Company from the individuals required to file the reports, the Company believes that each of its executive officers and directors has complied with applicable reporting requirements for transactions in Columbia Financial common stock during the year ended December 31, 2021. 

Disclosure of Code of Ethics 

The Company has adopted a Code of Ethics and Business Conduct that applies to all of its directors, officers and employees, including its principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer and persons performing similar functions. The Code of Ethics and Business Conduct is available upon written request to Corporate Secretary, Columbia Financial, Inc., 19-01 Route 208 North, Fair Lawn, New Jersey 07410 and on the Company’s website at http://ir.columbiabankonline.com. If the Company amends or grants any waiver from a provision of the Code of Ethics and Business Conduct that applies to its executive officers, it will publicly disclose such amendment or waiver on its website and as required by applicable law, including by filing a Current Report on Form 8-K with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. 

Corporate Governance

Director Independence

Nasdaq Listing Rules require that a majority of our directors and each member of our Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Nominating Committee be independent. A director may be determined to be independent only if the Board has determined that he or she has no relationship with the Company that, in the opinion of the Board, would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director.

The Nominating Committee advises and makes recommendations to the full Board regarding director independence. After considering the committee’s recommendation, the Board affirmatively determined that all current members of the Board, other than Mr. Kemly, are independent directors and independent for purposes of the committees on which they serve in accordance with applicable Nasdaq and Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) independence rules and requirements. The Board determined that Mr. Kemly is not independent because he is the President and Chief Executive Officer of the company.

To determine the independence of the directors, the Board considered certain transactions, relationships, or arrangements between those directors, their immediate family members, or their affiliated entities, on the one hand, and the company, on the other hand. Certain directors, their respective immediate family members, and/or affiliated entities have deposit or credit relationships with Columbia Bank in the ordinary course of business. The Board determined that these transactions, relationships, or arrangements were made in the ordinary course of business, were made on terms comparable to those that could be obtained in arms’ length dealings with an unrelated third party, were not criticized or classified, non-accrual, past due, restructured or a potential problem, complied with applicable banking laws, and did not otherwise impair any director’s independence. 

Board Leadership Structure 

Our Board of Directors has determined that the separation of the offices of Chairman of the Board and President and Chief Executive Officer enhances Board independence and oversight. Moreover, the separation of the positions of Chairman of the Board and President and Chief Executive Officer enables the President and Chief Executive Officer to focus on his responsibilities of running Columbia Financial and Columbia Bank and expanding and strengthening our franchise while enabling the Chairman of the Board to lead the Board of Directors in its fundamental role of providing advice to and independent oversight of management. Consistent with this determination, Noel R. Holland, who is independent under the listing requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc. serves as Chairman of the Board and Thomas J. Kemly serves as President and Chief Executive Officer.

Board Oversight of Risk

Our Board of Directors believes that effective risk management and control processes are critical to our safety and soundness, our ability to predict and manage the challenges that we face and, ultimately, our long-term corporate success. Our Board of Directors, both directly and through its committees, is responsible for overseeing our risk management processes, with each of the committees of our Board of Directors assuming a different and important role in overseeing the management of the risks the Company faces. The Risk Committee, which is comprised of the entire Board of Directors, oversees the identification and management of the various risks we face including, among other things, financial, credit, collateral, consumer compliance, operational, Bank Secrecy Act, fraud, cyber-security, vendor, and insurable risks.

The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors is responsible for overseeing risks associated with financial matters (particularly financial reporting, accounting practices and policies, disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting). The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors has primary responsibility for risks and exposures associated with our compensation policies, plans and practices, regarding both executive compensation and the Company’s compensation structure. In particular, our Compensation Committee, in conjunction with our President and Chief Executive Officer and other members of our management, as appropriate, reviews our incentive compensation arrangements to ensure these programs are consistent with applicable laws and regulations, including safety and soundness requirements, and do not encourage imprudent or excessive risk-taking by our employees. The Compensation Committee is also responsible for oversight of our policies and strategies relating to human capital management. The Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee of the Board of Directors oversees risks associated with the independence of our Board of Directors and potential conflicts of interest and also is responsible for review and oversight of our environmental, social and governance policies and activities.

Our senior management is responsible for implementing our risk management processes by assessing and managing the risks we face, including strategic, operational, regulatory, investment and execution risks, on a day-to-day basis, and reporting to our Board of Directors regarding our risk management processes. Our senior management is also responsible for creating and recommending to our Board of Directors for approval appropriate risk appetite metrics reflecting the aggregate levels and types of risk we are willing to accept in connection with the operation of our business and pursuit of our business objectives.

The role of our Board of Directors in our risk oversight is consistent with our leadership structure, with our President and Chief Executive Officer and the other members of senior management having responsibility for assessing and managing our risk exposure, and our Board of Directors and its committees providing oversight in connection with those efforts. We believe this division of risk management responsibilities presents a consistent, systemic, and effective approach for identifying, managing and mitigating risks throughout our operations.

Meetings and Committees of the Board of Directors

The Company conducts business through meetings of its Board of Directors and its committees. The Company’s Board of Directors held 8 regular meetings and 9 special meetings during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. No director attended fewer than 75% of the total meetings of the Company’s Board of Directors and committees on which such director served.

The Board of Directors of the Company maintains an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee, a Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee, and a Risk Committee. The Board of Directors has adopted a written charter for each committee, other than the Risk Committee, that, among other things, specifies the scope of each committee’s rights and responsibilities. A copy of each committee charter is available in the Investor Relations section of the Company’s website at http://ir.columbiabankonline.com.

The following table identifies our standing committees and their members as of April 27, 2022. All members of each committee are independent in accordance with the listing standards of the Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc., except for Thomas J. Kemly.

The following is a description of each of the Company’s Board committees:

COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

The following compensation discussion and analysis (“CD&A”) provides a detailed description of the Company’s executive compensation philosophy, plans and programs, and the factors used by the Compensation Committee for determining 2021 compensation for the Named Executive Officers, identified pursuant to the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the compensation tables and accompanying narrative starting on page 25. For 2021, the following executive officers comprised our Named Executive Officers (collectively, our “NEOs”):

Executive Summary

2021 Business Highlights and Results

Despite the continuing challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company achieved another successful year in 2021. Below are some of the highlights of our financial and operational performance for the year ended 2021 in support of our strategic plan:

On May 20, 2021, shareholders voted on a non-binding resolution to approve the compensation for the Named Executive Officers, commonly referred to as a “Say on Pay” vote. The resolution was approved with an affirmative vote of 98.9% of votes cast, which reflects a strong vote of confidence in our executive compensation program and practices.

Shareholder Ratification of 2019 Equity Awards

At a special meeting of shareholders of the Company, which was held on April 4, 2022, we sought ratification of certain equity awards granted in 2019 under the Columbia Financial, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan to our then serving non-employee directors and our President and Chief Executive Officer (“2019 Equity Awards”). We sought this ratification in connection with the previously disclosed settlement of a lawsuit filed in April 2020 by a shareholder of the Company, derivatively on behalf of the Company and as a class action on behalf of himself and all other shareholders, challenging the equity grants. At the April 4, 2022 special meeting of shareholders, the 2019 Equity Awards to our non-employee directors, our retired non-employee directors who currently serve as advisory directors and our President and Chief Executive Officer were approved by the affirmative vote of 95.05%, 95.13% and 95.30% of votes cast by Eligible Shareholders, respectively, (for purposes of the special meeting, “Eligible Shareholders” included all shareholders of the Company as of the record date for the special meeting, other than (i) Columbia Bank MHC, (ii) the non-employee directors and retired directors of the Company named in the complaint relating to the Action, (iii) the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company and (iv) certain families and entities controlled by such individuals.) We appreciate the support of our shareholders on this matter and, as with the say-on-pay vote, we believe it reflects a strong vote of confidence in our compensation practices.

Executive Compensation and Shareholder Engagement

The Compensation Committee utilizes the following best practices to ensure that executive compensation is aligned with shareholder interests:

The Compensation Committee believes that each of these elements provides a meaningful reward opportunity to the NEOs, focuses our leadership team on our short-term financial results and long-term strategic objectives and links realized pay directly to performance.

Executive Compensation Philosophy

2021 Executive Compensation Components

The four primary elements of our total direct compensation program for our NEOs and a summary of the actions taken by the Compensation Committee regarding those elements during fiscal year 2021 are set forth below.

Important Corporate Governance Policies

Our 2021 executive compensation program was based on the compensation philosophy adopted by our Compensation Committee and reflected the advice of the Compensation Committee’s independent compensation consultants (see “Role of Compensation Committee”). The Compensation Committee is guided by the following key principles in determining the compensation structure for our executives:

Factors for Determining Compensation

Role of Compensation Committee

The Compensation Committee is made up of independent directors as required under the Nasdaq listing rules. Details on the Compensation Committee’s functions are described in the Committee’s charter, which has been approved by the Board and is available on our Investor Relations website.

The Compensation Committee has the authority to obtain advice and assistance from internal or external legal, human resources, accounting or other experts, advisors, or consultants as it deems desirable or appropriate. The Compensation Committee has sole authority to retain and terminate any compensation consultant and to approve the fee arrangements and the terms of engagement. For 2021, the Compensation Committee engaged an independent consulting firm, which specializes in executive compensation (see page 15 below).

During 2021, the Compensation Committee reviewed and approved all aspects of compensation plans and policies applicable to the NEOs, including participation and performance measures. In carrying out its duties, the Compensation Committee considered the relationship of corporate performance to total compensation; set salary and incentive compensation levels; and reviewed the adequacy and effectiveness of various compensation and benefit plans. The Chair of the Compensation Committee reported committee actions to the Board following each committee meeting.

The Compensation Committee worked closely with Mr. Kemly to review and discuss his recommendations for the NEOs and other executive officers. The Compensation Committee also considered the market and peer group analysis provided by the compensation consultant to assess market practices, the mix of fixed and variable compensation, and the levels of compensation for each named executive. The Compensation Committee reviewed and approved individually determined salary increases for the other NEOs as recommended by Mr. Kemly for the 2021 calendar year.

The Compensation Committee reviewed and accepted the self-evaluation (including relevant quantitative and qualitative accomplishments) of Mr. Kemly for the 2020 calendar year and provided feedback to Mr. Kemly. The Compensation Committee used this evaluation in making compensation decisions concerning Mr. Kemly and approved a base salary increase for Mr. Kemly as recommended by the Chair of the Compensation Committee for the 2021 calendar year. Mr. Kemly does not make recommendations with respect to his own compensation or participate in the deliberations regarding the setting of his own compensation. Decisions related to Mr. Kemly’s 2021 compensation opportunities were made independently by the committee in consultation with its independent compensation consultant.

Role of CEO and Management

Members of our senior management team attend regular meetings in which executive compensation, Company performance, individual performance and competitive compensation levels and practices are discussed and evaluated. Only the Compensation Committee members can vote on decisions regarding NEO compensation. The CEO does not participate in the deliberations of the Compensation Committee with respect to his own compensation.

The Compensation Committee believes that even the best advice of a compensation consultant or other outside advisors must be combined with the input from senior management and the Compensation Committee’s own individual experiences and judgment to arrive at the proper alignment of compensation philosophy, programs, and practices. Members of senior management worked with the Compensation Committee to provide perspectives on reward strategies and how to align those strategies with the Company’s business and management retention goals. They provided feedback and insights into the effectiveness of the Company’s compensation programs and practices. The Compensation Committee looked to the CEO, other members of executive management, and outside legal counsel for advice in the design and implementation of compensation plans, programs, and practices. In addition, the CEO and other members of executive management at times attended portions of Compensation Committee meetings to participate in the presentation of materials and to discuss management’s point of view regarding compensation issues.

Role of Independent Compensation Consultants

The Compensation Committee retained the services of an independent compensation consultant, GK Partners (“GK Partners”), to perform a competitive assessment of the Company’s executive and director compensation programs, as well as to provide guidance on the changing regulatory environment governing executive compensation. The annual executive and director assessments include, but are not limited to, an assessment of the Company’s financial performance relative to its peers, an assessment of the Company’s compensation program compared to its peers, recommendations for total cash compensation opportunities (base salary and cash incentives), and a comparative benchmark study of executive compensation and non-employee director compensation.

A representative of GK Partners attended Compensation Committee and Board meetings during 2020 and 2021, upon request, to review compensation data and participate in general discussions on compensation and benefits for the NEOs and Board members. While the Compensation Committee considered input from GK Partners when making compensation decisions, the Compensation Committee’s final compensation decisions reflect many factors and considerations.

The Compensation Committee considered the independence of GK Partners under applicable SEC and Nasdaq listing rules and concluded there was no conflict of interest with respect to the consultant.

Risk Considerations in Our Compensation Program

The Compensation Committee has assessed the Company’s compensation programs and has concluded that our compensation policies and practices do not create risks that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company. Our Compensation Committee has also assessed the Company’s executive and broad-based compensation and benefits programs to determine if the programs’ provisions and operations create undesired or unintentional risk of a material nature. This risk assessment process included a review of program policies and practices; a program analysis to identify risk and risk control related to the programs; and determinations as to the sufficiency of risk identification, the balance of potential risk to potential reward, risk control, and the support of the programs and their risks to company strategy. Although the Compensation Committee reviews all compensation programs, it focuses on the programs with variability of payout, with the ability of a participant to directly affect payout and the controls on participant action and payout.

Based on the foregoing, we believe that our compensation policies and practices do not create significant inappropriate or unintended risk to the Company. We also believe that our incentive compensation arrangements provide incentives that do not encourage risk-taking beyond the organization’s ability to effectively identify and manage significant risks; that are compatible with effective internal controls and our risk management practices; and that are supported by the oversight and administration of the Compensation Committee with regard to executive compensation programs.

Peer Group and Benchmarking

The Compensation Committee believes benchmarking is a useful method to gauge both the compensation level and compensation mix for executives within competitive job markets that are relevant to the Company.

Competitive benchmarking is one of many factors considered by the Compensation Committee in making executive compensation decisions. The Compensation Committee generally reviews data gathered from the proxy statements of our peer group (as defined below) as well as industry surveys for benchmarking purposes in its review and analysis of base salaries, discretionary bonuses and short-term and long-term cash incentives, and equity grants to establish our executive compensation program. The Compensation Committee reviews the peer group annually and updates the peer group as appropriate to ensure that the peer group continues to consist of financial institutions with business models and demographics and a reasonable range of financial performance similar to the Company.

In 2020, the Compensation Committee engaged GK Partners to conduct an annual comparative marketplace benchmarking study of NEO and non-employee director cash and equity compensation with respect to the Company’s peer group for the Compensation Committee to utilize in reviewing and approving compensation for the NEOs in 2021.

The Compensation Committee’s considered the following factors in reviewing its peer group: total assets, net income, ROE, ROAA, EPS, market capitalization, non-interest income, efficiency ratio, loan to asset ratio, loan to deposit ratio, number of full-time employees, and net income per employee. For purposes of reviewing and approving 2021 executive compensation, in 2020 the Compensation Committee selected publicly traded financial institutions from the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic regions. The median asset size of the peer group was $8.8 billion as of December 31, 2019, placing the Company at slightly below the 50th percentile in asset size, with asset size at year end 2020 of $8.2 billion. The peer group approved by the Compensation Committee in May 2020 for setting executive compensation for 2021 included the following 20 banks, 19 of which were used in the previous year:

The peer group was also utilized by the Compensation Committee in December 2020 for purposes of determining executive compensation and compensation of non-employee directors for 2021.

Employment Agreements with our NEOs

The Compensation Committee believes that employment agreements are necessary to attract and retain qualified executives and ensure the stability of our executive management team. Our employment agreements with our NEOs generally set forth the terms of the executive’s employment with the Company and also promise severance benefits if the executive is involuntarily terminated without cause or, in some cases, if the executive voluntarily terminates his or her employment for good reason. The retention of key management is essential to and in our shareholders’ best interests. The Compensation Committee believes reasonable severance benefits help ensure the continued dedication and efforts of management without undue concern for or distraction by their personal, financial and employment security. Similarly, in the context of a potential change in control transaction, the Compensation Committee believes that employment agreements effectively motivate executives to remain engaged and strive to create shareholder value, despite the risk of job loss or the loss of equity vesting opportunity. In addition, these severance arrangements are necessary to attract and retain qualified executives who may have other job alternatives that may appear to them to be less risky absent these arrangements. For a description of the terms of the employment agreements with our NEOs, see the discussion below on page 32.

Elements of 2021 Compensation Program

The various elements of our 2021 compensation program are intended to reflect our compensation philosophy and: (i) provide an appropriate level of financial certainty through fixed compensation, (ii) ensure that a significant portion of the compensation program is at-risk based on performance, (iii) ensure that at least 30% of equity compensation is at-risk based on performance, and (iv) create a balance of short-term and long-term incentives.

Base Salary

Our NEO base salaries are set at levels that are intended to reflect the competitive marketplace in attracting, retaining, motivating, and rewarding high performing executives. In determining base salaries, the Compensation Committee considers the following elements: (i) individual performance based on experience and scope of responsibility, (ii) non-financial performance indicators including strategic developments for which an executive has responsibility and managerial accountability, (iii) compensation paid by peers, functionality of the executive management team, (v) economic conditions in the Company’s market areas and (vi) analyses or guidance from independent consultants during the annual review process. The base salaries are intended to compensate the NEOs for the day-to-day services performed for the Company and the Bank.

In establishing base salaries for our NEOs for 2021, the Compensation Committee reviewed the factors discussed above and determined that base salary increases were appropriate given our strong financial performance in 2020, our relative positioning to our peers and to maintain competitive base salaries. Below are changes to NEO base salaries from 2020 to 2021.

(1)            Amounts in table represent NEO base salaries at the end of the period presented.

(2)            Mr. Lewis became Executive Vice President, Head of Commercial Banking on January 2, 2021.

Short-Term Incentives

Performance Achievement Incentive Plan. We maintain an annual cash incentive plan – the Performance Achievement Incentive Plan (“PAIP”) – that is designed to align the interests of our employees with the overall performance of the Company. All exempt employees (excluding commissioned employees), including the NEOs, are eligible to participate in the PAIP, subject to certain eligibility requirements. A participant is eligible to earn a target incentive award for a calendar year defined as a percentage of the participant’s base salary. For 2021, the participant’s target incentive opportunity was adjusted based on the Company’s return on average assets and net interest margin, as was done in prior years, and the participant was eligible to earn a percentage of the adjusted target incentive based on achievement of a combination of overall Company, department/ team and individual performance goals. Awards for the NEOs are approved by the Compensation Committee.

When designing the 2021 PAIP and when considering whether the target performance metrics for a payout under the 2021 PAIP are achieved, the Compensation Committee had the discretion to take into account categories of significant, unplanned and unusual items that would be excluded from the performance metrics, whether the resulting impact was positive or negative, because they distort our operating performance. This practice, which is consistent with the practices of peer group companies, ensures that our executives will not be unduly influenced in their day-to-day decision-making because they would neither benefit, nor be penalized, as a result of certain unexpected and uncontrollable events or strategic initiatives that may positively or negatively affect the performance metric in the short-term.

The performance measures for the 2021 PAIP included the same corporate goals for each NEO and specific individual goals depending on the individual roles and responsibilities of each NEO, with each NEO’s individual scorecard, other than with respect to Mr. Kemly and Mr. Allen, setting forth the weightings assigned to each performance measure.

The following table summarizes the thresholds, targets, and maximum parameters and actual 2021 performance for each of the applicable financial metrics selected under the 2021 PAIP:

The weighting assigned to each NEO in the categories that are applicable to them are set forth below:

For purposes of determining the level of achievement for each of the performance measures under the 2021 PAIP, the Compensation Committee reviewed the applicable financial metrics, as derived from our 2021 financial results, and the individual and department metrics. For the 2021 performance year, the Compensation Committee certified achievement of the pre-established performance measures for the CEO and each of the other NEOs as reflected in the table above.

After review and discussion, the successful execution of individual and departmental strategic objectives in 2021 coupled with the Company’s financial performance resulted in payouts generally ranging between 113.0% and 134.89% of each NEO’s target 2021 PAIP opportunity, as is set forth below.

The actual dollar amounts earned by our NEOs in fiscal year 2021, pursuant to the 2021 PAIP, are disclosed in the “Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation” column of the Summary Compensation Table below. Discretionary Bonus Payments. We limit the use of discretionary bonus payment to extraordinary circumstances to rectify inequities or recognize outstanding performance. In 2021, the Company made no discretionary bonus payments to the NEOs.

Long-Term Equity Incentives

2019 Equity Incentive Plan. On June 6, 2019, shareholders of the Company approved the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, which provided for the grant of stock-based awards to officers, employees and non-employee directors of the Company and its subsidiaries. The Company may grant options, stock appreciations rights, restricted stock, restricted units, unrestricted stock awards, cash-based awards, performance awards, and dividend equivalent rights. The total number of shares of the Company’s common stock reserved for issuance under the plan are 7,949,996.

Both incentive stock options and non-qualified stock options may be granted under the Equity Incentive Plan, with total shares reserved for options equaling 5,678,569 with 2,012,505 shares remaining available for grant as options as of December 31, 2021. The total number of shares reserved for restricted stock or restricted units is 2,271,427, with 850,808 shares remaining available for grant as restricted stock or restricted units as of December 31, 2021.

The following table sets forth the annual equity awards that were granted in 2021 to our NEOs. The stock awards and options granted in 2021 vest over a three-year period at a rate of 33 1/3% per year.

Results of 2019 - 2021 Performance-based Awards. On July 23, 2019, each of the NEOs were granted shares of performance-vested restricted stock which contained both performance and service conditions over three-year period. The three-year performance period for the 2019 performance shares concluded on December 31, 2021. Payout of the award was based 34% on our three-year cumulative EPS, 33% on ROAA over the three-year performance period and 33% on NPA to Assets relative to an industry peer group.

Payout percentages at various levels of performance for the 2019 performance shares and actual results are illustrated in the table below:

The following table lists the number of 2019 performance shares that our NEOs earned at the end of the 2019 – 2021 performance cycle, which shares vest for each NEO effective July 23, 2022 provided the NEO is employed by the Company as of that date.

Retirement Benefits and Deferred Compensation

We maintain broad-based tax-qualified pension, tax-qualified employee stock ownership, and tax-qualified 401(k) plans. Generally, all employees of the Company are eligible to participate in these plans, including the NEOs. However, the pension plan was closed to new participants effective October 1, 2018.

In addition to the tax-qualified plans described above, we provide our NEOs and other highly compensated employees with benefits under a nonqualified retirement and deferred compensation plans, as described below.

See the narrative accompanying the pension benefit tables and nonqualified deferred compensation tables for details regarding these plans as well as the discussion of such plans below under “Executive Compensation.”

Other Benefits

We provide our NEOs with a set of core benefits that are generally available to our other full-time employees (e.g., coverage for medical, dental, vision care, prescription drugs, and basic life insurance and long-term disability coverage), plus voluntary benefits that a NEO may select (e.g., supplemental life insurance).

Employment Agreements with Named Executive Officers

We have entered into employment agreements with each of our NEOs. For a detailed description of our employment agreements with our NEOs, please see the section entitled “Summary of Executive Agreements and Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control” beginning on page 32.

Additional Compensation Practices and Policies

Clawback Policy

The Company has a policy for the recoupment of incentive compensation (the “Clawback Policy”). Under the Clawback Policy, if we restate our financial statements, or a financial statement or the calculation of a performance goal or metric is materially inaccurate, the Compensation Committee, in its sole discretion, may require recoupment from our executive officers, including our NEOs, of the portion of any annual or long-term cash or equity-based incentive or bonus compensation paid, provided, or awarded to any executive officer that represents the excess over what would have been paid if such event had not occurred.

Stock Ownership Guidelines

The Company’s Share Ownership and Retention Policy that sets forth stock ownership guidelines that are robust and reflect current corporate governance trends. We require our executive officers and non-employee directors to own or acquire shares of Company stock having a fair market value equal to the following amounts:

Each of these individuals must fulfill their ownership requirement within five years of becoming subject to the Share Ownership and Retention Policy, and individuals are further required to fulfill 25% and 50% of their ownership requirement within two and three years, respectively, of becoming subject to the Share Ownership and Retention Policy. In the event of a participant receiving a raise in his or her base salary or annual retainer, leading to an increase in the ownership requirement, the participant will be provided additional one year from the time of the increase to achieve the required incremental increase in his or her ownership of shares. For purposes of determining ownership, the following shall be taken into account: (i) shares owned directly by the individual or his or her immediate family members residing in the same household, or shares held through a trust for the benefit of the individual or the individual’s dependent family members residing in the same household; (ii) shares owned through a qualified employee benefit plan, including the 401(k) Plan, or through the ESOP; (iii) share equivalents held in a non-qualified, deferred compensation arrangements; and (iv) 100% of restricted stock, or restricted stock units, the vesting of which is contingent on time or performance.

Each NEO’s and non-employee director’s stock ownership level is reviewed annually by the Company and the Nominating and Governance Committee. As of December 31, 2021, all current NEOs were in compliance with their respective stock ownership levels.

Anti-Hedging and Pledging Policies

The Company has a written policy that prohibits our directors and officers from hedging the value of our stock by the purchase and sale of puts, calls, options, or other derivative securities based on Company stock, or other transactions related to the monetization of the value of our stock. In addition, our officers, directors and employees are not allowed to pledge Company stock as collateral or acquire Company stock on margin.

No Tax Gross Ups

Our employment agreements with our NEOs do not provide for tax “gross ups” and instead provide for a “best net benefits” approach if severance benefits under the agreements or otherwise result in “excess parachute payments” under Section 280G of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The best net benefits approach reduces an executive’s payments and benefits to avoid triggering the excise tax if the reduction would result in a greater after-tax amount to the executive officer compared to the amount the executive officer would receive net of the excise tax if no reduction were made.

Perquisites

We annually review the perquisites that we make available to our named executive officers. The primary perquisites for these individuals include automobile allowances and certain club dues. See “Executive Compensation — Summary Compensation Table” for detailed information on the perquisites provided to our NEOs.

Tax and Accounting Considerations

To the greatest extent possible, we structure our compensation programs in a tax-efficient manner. Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code generally does not allow a tax deduction to public companies for compensation in excess of $1 million paid to the CEO or other NEOs and certain former NEOs. Prior to 2018, compensation was specifically exempt from the deduction limit to the extent that it was “performance-based” as previously defined in Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code. For taxable years beginning on and after January 1, 2018, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 generally eliminated the “performance-based” compensation exemption and expanded the $1 million per covered employee annual limitation on tax deductibility to a larger group of named executive officers. In addition, the 2017 tax law also provides that any named executive officer who was a covered employee in taxable years beginning on and after January 1, 2017, will continue to be a covered employee for all subsequent taxable years (even after employment termination). As a result, the Company may not take a tax deduction for any compensation paid to its covered employees in excess of $1 million annually per covered employee with the exception of “performance-based” compensation paid pursuant to a written binding contract that was in effect on November 2, 2017, and that was not modified in any material respect on or after such date.

The Compensation Committee believes that tax deductibility is but one factor to consider in developing an appropriate compensation package for executives. As such, the Compensation Committee reserves and will exercise its discretion in this area to design a compensation program that serves the long-term interests of the Company, but which may not qualify for tax deductibility under Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code.

In addition to Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code, the Compensation Committee considers other tax and accounting provisions in developing the pay programs for the NEOs, including:

While the Compensation Committee generally tries to compensate the NEOs in a manner that produces favorable tax and accounting treatment, the main objective is to develop fair and equitable compensation arrangements that appropriately incentivize, reward, and retain the NEOs and aligns our performance goals with shareholder returns.

Share usage requirements and resulting potential shareholder dilution from equity compensation awards is also considered by the Compensation Committee in determining the size of long-term incentive grants.

Compensation Committee Report

The Compensation Committee has reviewed and discussed this Compensation Discussion and Analysis with management. Based on this review and discussion, the Compensation Committee recommended to the Board that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included herein.

Submitted by the Compensation Committee:

Noel R. Holland (Chair)

Frank Czerwinski

Elizabeth E. Randall

Lucy Sorrentini

Robert Van Dyk

April 26, 2022

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Summary Compensation Table

For 2019 and 2020, in addition to awards made under the PAIP for such years, the sum in this column also represents awards made prior to 2019 under the Columbia Bank Long-Term Incentive Plan (“Cash LTIP”), which plan was terminated in 2019. Prior to termination of the Cash LTIP, Cash LTIP awards were granted annually using a three-year performance period. A participant was eligible to earn a target Cash LTIP award for a performance period with the amount of such awards based on a percentage of the participant’s base salary. The participant was eligible to earn a percentage of the target award for a performance period based on achievement of one or more performance measures established by the Compensation Committee of the Board for that performance period with two-thirds of the earned amount paid in cash within two and a half months following completion of the performance period and one-third of the earned amount paid in cash one year later subject to continued employment of the participant during that year. Under the Cash LTIP, awards were granted annually using a three-year performance period, with (i) two-thirds of a participant’s award for each three-year performance period earned at the end of the performance period and (ii) the remaining one-third earned one year later, subject to the participant’s continued employment as of the end of the one-year period following the end of the performance period.

Grants of Plan Based Awards

The following table summarizes grants made in 2021 to Mr. Lewis under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan. No other NEO received any grants under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan during 2021. The material terms of the Company’s annual and long-term incentive programs are described in the Compensation Discussion and Analysis on page 11.

Outstanding Equity Awards at 2021 Fiscal Year End

The following table shows information regarding all unvested equity awards held by our NEOs on December 31, 2021. With the exception of Mr. Lewis, who became an NEO in January 2021, no equity awards were made to the NEOs in 2021. These awards are subject to forfeiture until vested, and the ultimate value of performance-based awards is unknown. The material terms and conditions of the equity awards reported in this table are described in the “Long-Term Incentives” section of the Compensation Discussion and Analysis beginning on page 11. No equity award granted to a NEO has been transferred to any other person, trust or entity.

Option Exercises and Stock Vested

The following table shows the value realized upon the vesting of restricted stock awards in 2021.

Pension Benefits

Tax-Qualified Pension Plan. The Columbia Bank Retirement Plan (“Pension Plan”) is a tax-qualified defined benefit pension plan that covers approximately 930 eligible current employees, former employees and retirees of the Company. All of the NEOs participate in the Pension Plan. If a participant elects to retire upon the attainment of age 65, and the participant was hired prior to July 1, 2005, the plan provides that the participant’s normal retirement benefit will equal 2% of his or her average annual compensation for each plan year and month of service, up to a maximum of 45 years. If a participant elects to retire upon attainment of age 65, and the participant was hired on or after July 1, 2005, the plan provides that the participant’s normal retirement benefit will equal 1.8% of his or her average annual highest compensation over five consecutive years for each plan year and month of service, up to a maximum of 45 years. Participants who have attained age 55 and have completed 10 years of service may retire early. If the participant was hired prior to July 1, 2005, his or her benefit will be reduced by 0.25% for each year of early commencement between age 55 and 65; if the participant was hired on or after July 1, 2005, his or her benefit will be reduced by 1/15th for each year of early commencement between age 60 and 65 and an additional 1/30th for each year of early commencement between age 55 and 60. Participants become fully vested in their accrued plan benefit after five years of service. Under the plan, “average annual compensation” is defined as the average of a participant’s compensation for the period of five consecutive years during which his or her compensation was the highest. The Pension Plan was closed to new participants effective October 1, 2018. The Pension Plan was overfunded at December 31, 2021, with assets representing 158.5% of our benefit obligation at that date.

Retirement Income Maintenance Plan. The Columbia Bank Retirement Income Maintenance Plan (“RIM”) is a nonqualified and unfunded defined benefit retirement plan that provides supplemental retirement benefits to certain highly compensated employees of the Company and its subsidiaries whose benefits under the Pension Plan are limited due to the restrictions of Section 415 and/or Section 401(a)(17) of the Internal Revenue Code. All of the NEOs who participate in the Pension Plan also participate in the RIM. A participant’s benefit under the RIM is equal to the excess of (i) the benefit that would be payable to the participant in accordance with the terms of the tax-qualified pension plan disregarding the limitations imposed by Section 415 and Section 401(a)(17) of the Internal Revenue Code, less (ii) the benefit actually payable to the participant under the Pension Plan after taking such limitations into account. A participant becomes vested in his or her RIM benefits upon satisfying the requirements for early retirement (attaining age 55 while employed and completing 10 years of service) or normal retirement (attaining age 65 while employed and completing 5 years of service). A participant’s vested RIM benefit will be paid at the time and in the form elected by the participant; the default time and form of payment is a life annuity with a minimum of 120 monthly payments commencing on the first day of the month following the month in which the participant separates from service, provided that if the participant is a “specified employee” for purposes of Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code on the date of the participant’s separation from service, payment will be delayed for six months following the participant’s separation from service.

Pension Benefits Table. The following table shows the actuarial present value of the accumulated benefit under our tax-qualified pension plan and the RIM, along with the number of years of credited service under the respective plans, for each of our named executive officers.

Pay Ratio

The Company is required by SEC rules to disclose the median of the annual total compensation of all employees of the Company (excluding the Chief Executive Officer), the annual total compensation of the Chief Executive Officer, and the ratio of these two amounts (the “pay ratio”). The pay ratio below is a reasonable estimate based on the Company’s payroll records and the methodology described below and was calculated in a manner consistent with SEC rules. Because SEC rules for identifying the median employee and calculating the pay ratio allow companies to use variety of methodologies, the pay ratio reported by other companies may not be comparable to the pay ratio reported below, as other companies may have different employment and compensation practices and may use different methodologies, exclusions, estimates and assumptions in calculating their own pay ratios.

For purposes of calculating the 2021 pay ratio, the Company selected December 31, 2021 as the determination date for identifying the median employee. Year-to-date taxable wages paid from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021 for all employees as of the determination date, with the exception of Mr. Kemly, were arrayed from lowest to highest. Wages of newly hired permanent employees were adjusted to represent wages for the entire measurement period. This period captured all incentive payments for the tax year as well as the vesting of equity awards, as applicable. The median employee was identified, and total compensation for the median employee was calculated in the manner required for the Summary Compensation Table. Mr. Kemly’s total compensation for 2021, as disclosed in the Summary Compensation Table, was $2,131,936 and the median employee’s total compensation was $121,439 producing a ratio of 18 to 1.

Nonqualified Deferred Compensation

Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan. The Columbia Bank ESOP Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (“ESOP SERP”) is a nonqualified and unfunded defined contribution retirement plan that provides supplemental retirement benefits related to its tax-qualified employee stock ownership plan. The ESOP SERP provides benefits to eligible officers of the Company and its subsidiaries designated by the Board that cannot be provided under the tax-qualified employee stock ownership plan but for the eligibility requirements of the plans or limitations imposed by the Internal Revenue Code. All NEOs are eligible to participate in the ESOP SERP. A NEO becomes vested in these benefits in 25% increments after completing two, three, four and five years of service with the Company. In addition to providing benefits that would otherwise be lost as a result of eligibility requirements or the Internal Revenue Code limitations on tax-qualified plans, the ESOP SERP also provides a supplemental benefit upon a change of control prior to the scheduled repayment of the tax-qualified employee stock ownership plan loan. Under the terms of the ESOP SERP, each NEO is eligible to receive a cash payment in the event of a change in control equal to the dollar value of the stock benefit the NEO would have received under the tax-qualified employee stock ownership plan and ESOP SERP had the executives remained employed throughout the term of the loan, less the shares of common stock allocated under the tax-qualified employee stock ownership plan and ESOP SERP on the NEO’s behalf. The supplemental change in control benefits under the ESOP SERP are nonforfeitable and distributable upon termination of employment for any reason.

Non-Qualified Savings Income Maintenance Plan. The Columbia Bank Savings Income Maintenance Plan (the “SIM”) is a non-qualified and unfunded defined contribution retirement plan for the benefit of certain highly compensated employees of the Company and its subsidiaries. All NEOs are eligible to participate in the SIM. Under the SIM, a participant may defer between 3% and 13% of the participant’s compensation above the salary limit imposed by Section 401(a)(17), reduced by the amount of Federal Insurance Contribution Act taxes that the participant must pay in a plan year with respect to such compensation. In addition, the Company may make matching contributions equal to a portion of a participant’s compensation deferred under the SIM. For 2021, Columbia Bank made matching contributions in an amount equal to 100% of up to the first 3% of a participant’s compensation in excess of $295,000 that the participant deferred under the SIM including all of the NEOs other than Mr. Lewis, whose match was based on 4.5% of his compensation. Participants earn a return on their notional account balances based on investment in phantom investment funds (similar to those available under the 401(k) Plan) selected by participants. The SIM does not guarantee a rate of return and none of the investment funds provide above market earnings. Participants are immediately 100% vested in their account balances attributable to compensation deferral contributions. Participants generally become vested in their account balances attributable to matching contributions in installments – 25% after two years of service, 50% after three years of service, 75% after four years of service and 100% after five years of service – and become 100% vested upon death. A participant’s vested account balance will be distributed to the participant in a single lump sum upon the earlier of the participant’s separation from service or a change in control of Columbia Bank. If distribution is triggered by separation from service, it will be made on the first day of the month next following the two-month anniversary of the participant’s separation from service, provided that if the participant is a “specified employee” for purposes of Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code on the date of the participant’s separation from service, payment will be delayed for six months following the participant’s separation from service. If distribution is triggered by a change in control, it will be made on the first day of the month next following the change in control.

Stock-Based Deferral Plan. In connection with the public offering of Columbia Financial common stock in 2018, participants in the SIM and the Columbia Bank Director Deferred Compensation Plan were provided with the opportunity to direct the investment of portions of their account balances under those plans into phantom shares of Columbia Financial common stock by way of a transfer of these amounts to the new Columbia Bank Stock-Based Deferral Plan. The Plan Administrator may, in its discretion, specify an annual window period during which participants may direct the investment of portions of their SIM and the Columbia Bank Director Deferred Compensation Plan account balances into phantom shares of Columbia Financial common stock by way of a transfer of these amounts to the Columbia Bank Stock-Based Deferral Plan. This plan in effect is an additional phantom investment alternative available with respect to the SIM and the Columbia Bank Director Deferred Compensation Plan. As a result, data for this plan is not included in the table below.

Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Table. The following table discloses contributions made under the SIM and the ESOP SERP for each named executive officer in 2021, along with the earnings and balances on each executive’s account as of December 31, 2021.

Summary of Executive Employment Agreements and Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control

We have entered into two-year employment agreements with Messrs. Kemly, Gibney, Allen, Klimowich, Lewis and Ms. Schlesinger. Each employment agreement provides for a two-year term. The Board may extend the terms of the employment agreements with the NEOs annually for another twelve-month period, unless the NEO gives notice of non-renewal at least sixty days prior to such extension. The Compensation Committee annually reviews the NEO’s base salaries. In addition to base salary, the agreements provide that the NEOs shall be eligible to participate in the short-term and long-term incentive compensation plans of Columbia Bank. Each NEO shall also be entitled to continue participation in any fringe benefit arrangements in which he or she was participating on the effective date of the employment agreement. In addition, the agreements provide for reimbursement of reasonable travel and other business expenses incurred in connection with the performance of the NEO’s duties.

If a NEO’s employment is terminated by Columbia Financial or Columbia Bank during the term of the agreement, without cause, including a resignation for good reason (as defined in the agreement), but excluding termination for cause or due to death, disability, retirement, the executive would be entitled to a payment equal to a multiple (three times for Mr. Kemly and two times for Messrs. Gibney, Allen, and Klimowich and one times for Ms. Schlesinger and Mr. Lewis) of the sum of: (i) his or her annual base salary plus (ii) his or her target annual bonus in effect on the termination date. The severance payment shall be paid to the NEO as salary continuation in substantially equal installments over the thirty-six, twenty-four or twelve-month period, respectively, in accordance with Columbia Bank’s customary payroll practices, subject to the receipt of a signed release of claims from the NEO within the time frame set forth in the agreement. Assuming the NEO elects continued medical, vision and dental coverage under COBRA, Columbia Bank will reimburse the executive the amount equal to the monthly COBRA premium paid by the NEO for such coverage less the active employee premium for such coverage for a period of 36 months, in the case of Mr.  Kemly, and 24 months, in the case of Messrs. Gibney, Allen, and Klimowich and 12 months in the case of Ms. Schlesinger and Mr. Lewis or such lesser period as may be required under COBRA.

If executive NEO’s employment is terminated during the term of the agreement by Columbia Financial or Columbia Bank without cause, including a resignation for good reason (as defined in the agreements), within 24 months after a change in control (as also defined in the agreements), the NEO would be entitled to a payment equal to a multiple of three times (two times in the case of Ms. Schlesinger and Mr. Lewis) of the sum of: (i) his or her annual base salary (or his base salary in effect immediately before the change in control, if higher) plus (ii) his or her annual target bonus (or his target bonus in effect immediately before the change in control, if higher). The severance payment shall be paid to the NEO within sixty days of the termination date in a single lump sum payment. The payment shall also include a sum equal to his or her prior year bonus in a lump sum on the date on which the annual bonus would have been paid to NEO but for NEO’s termination of employment. In addition, each NEO shall receive a lump sum payment equal to the cost of providing continued life, medical, vision and dental coverage for 36 months following termination less the active employee charge for such coverage in effect on the termination date.

For purposes of the NEO’s ability to resign and receive a payment under the agreement, “good reason” would include the occurrence of any of the following events: (i) a material reduction in the NEO’s base salary or target bonus under the cash incentive plans, if applicable, except for reductions proportionate with similar reductions to all other members of the executive leadership team; (ii) a material adverse change in NEO’s position that results in a demotion in the NEO’s status within Columbia Financial or Columbia Bank; (iii) a change in the primary location at which the NEO is required to perform the duties of his employment with Columbia Financial and Columbia Bank to a location that is more than thirty (30) miles from the location of the Bank’s headquarters as of the date of the agreement; or (iv) a material breach by Columbia Financial or Columbia Bank of any written agreement between the NEO, on the one hand, and any of Columbia Financial and Columbia Bank or any other affiliate of Columbia Financial, on the other hand, unless arising from the NEO’s inability to materially perform his or her duties under the agreement.

Section 280G of the Internal Revenue Code provides that severance payments that equal or exceed three times an individual’s base amount are deemed to be “excess parachute payments” if they are contingent upon a change in control. An individual’s base amount is generally equal to an average of the individual’s taxable compensation for the five taxable years preceding the year a change in control occurs. The employment agreements with our NEOs provide for a “best net benefits” approach in the event that severance benefits under the agreements or otherwise result in “excess parachute payments” under Section 280G. The best net benefits approach reduces a NEO’s payments and benefits to avoid triggering the excise tax if the reduction would result in a greater after-tax amount to the NEO compared to the amount the NEO would receive net of the excise tax if no reduction were made.

Under the employment agreements, if executive NEO’s employment terminates as a result of disability, the employment agreement will terminate and the NEO will receive an amount equal to one time the sum of his or her base salary and target bonus in effect on the termination date less the amount expected to be paid to the NEO under the Columbia Bank long term disability plan, payable as salary continuation in substantially equal installments over a twelve-month period. For these purposes, disability will occur on the date on which the insurer or administrator of the Bank’s long-term disability insurance determines that the NEO is eligible to commence benefits under such insurance. If the NEO dies while employed, (i) the NEO will remain entitled to life insurance benefits pursuant to Columbia Bank’s plans, programs, arrangements, and practices in this regard and (ii) Columbia Bank will pay to his or her designated beneficiary an amount equal to one time the sum of the NEO’s base salary and target bonus in effect on the termination date.

Under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan and the award agreements for the equity awards made to the NEOs, in the event of a change in control (as defined in the plan) and the involuntary separation of the NEO from service with the Company and its affiliates without cause within 12 months of the change in control and prior to the last vesting date for such awards, if such awards are not assumed by the surviving entity in the change in control, all such awards that are unvested at the time of the change in control will become immediately vested upon the effective date of the change in control.

As disclosed under “Nonqualified Deferred Compensation” at page 31 above, under the terms of the ESOP SERP, an NEO will receive an additional cash payment in the event of a change in control equal to the benefit the NEO would have received under the ESOP and the ESOP SERP had the NEO remained employed throughout the term of the ESOP loan, less the benefits actually provided under the ESOP and ESOP SERP on the NEO’s behalf. The supplemental change in control benefits credited to NEO accounts under the ESOP SERP are nonforfeitable and will be distributed upon termination of employment for any reason. Payments under the ESOP SERP are not categorized as parachute payments and, therefore, do not count towards a participating executive’s limitation under Section 280G of the Internal Revenue Code.

Each NEO’s account balance under the SIM will become fully vested upon the NEO’s death. RIM benefits are described in more detail under “Nonqualified Deferred Compensation” at page 31 above.

Messrs. Kemly, Allen and Klimowich are vested in their RIM benefits and they have each elected to receive payment of their accrued benefits under the RIM upon a change in control (as defined in the RIM). RIM benefits are described in more detail under “Pension Benefits” at page 29 above.

Tabular Information Regarding Potential Payments to Executives Upon Termination or a Change in Control

The following table summarizes the estimated payments to which the named executive officers were entitled upon termination as of December 31, 2021. Benefits payable under the Retirement Plan, the RIM, the 401(k) Plan and vested balances under non-qualified, deferred compensation plans are not included. For additional information on the benefits payable to our named executive officers upon termination or a change in control, see “— Employment Agreements with Named Executive Officers.”

DIRECTOR COMPENSATION

Elements of Director Compensation

Director Fees. During 2021, the non-employee directors of Columbia Bank received compensation for service and attendance as follows: