LOANS PRINCIPAL, INTEREST AND FINANCING SERVICE FEE RECEIVABLES | 5. LOANS PRINCIPAL, INTEREST AND FINANCING SERVICE FEE RECEIVABLES December 31, Note 2019 2020 First lien Second lien Subtotal First lien Second lien Subtotal RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB Loans principal, interest and financing service fee receivables 4,693,549,335 6,672,547,951 11,366,097,286 4,199,477,434 5,489,463,590 9,688,941,024 Less: allowance for credit losses (a) - Individually assessed (230,019,493 ) (440,261,819 ) (670,281,312 ) (44,485,858 ) (71,845,690 ) (116,331,548 ) - Collectively assessed (180,847,951 ) (256,949,166 ) (437,797,117 ) (225,683,727 ) (317,464,175 ) (543,147,902 ) Subtotal (410,867,444 ) (697,210,985 ) (1,108,078,429 ) (270,169,585 ) (389,309,865 ) (659,479,450 ) Net loans principal, interest and financing service fee receivables 4,282,681,891 5,975,336,966 10,258,018,857 3,929,307,849 5,100,153,725 9,029,461,574 (a) Allowance for credit losses The table below presents the components of allowances for loans principal, interest and financing service fee receivables by impairment methodology with the recorded investment as of December 31, 2020 and 2019. 2020 Allowance for loans which are collectively assessed Allowance for loans which are individually assessed Total RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB First lien Second lien Subtotal First lien Second lien Subtotal As of January 1 180,847,951 256,949,166 437,797,117 230,019,493 440,261,819 670,281,312 1,108,078,429 Change in accounting principle (1) 4,910,017 18,917,152 23,827,169 - - - 23,827,169 beginning of year, adjusted 185,757,968 275,866,318 461,624,286 230,019,493 440,261,819 670,281,312 1,131,905,598 Provision for credit losses (58,152,840 ) (98,518,264 ) (156,671,104 ) 185,684,445 248,573,082 434,257,527 277,586,423 Charge-offs (21,325,086 ) (26,625,575 ) (47,950,661 ) (437,681,450 ) (697,756,733 ) (1,135,438,183 ) (1,183,388,844 ) Increase in guaranteed recoverable assets 119,403,685 166,741,696 286,145,381 66,463,370 80,767,522 147,230,892 433,376,273 Recoveries - - - - - - - As of December 31 225,683,727 317,464,175 543,147,902 44,485,858 71,845,690 116,331,548 659,479,450 Net loans principal, interest and financing service fee receivables 3,401,656,667 4,615,579,507 8,017,236,174 527,651,182 484,574,218 1,012,225,400 9,029,461,574 Recorded investment 3,627,340,394 4,933,043,682 8,560,384,076 572,137,040 556,419,908 1,128,556,948 9,688,941,024 2019 Allowance for loans which are collectively assessed Allowance for loans which are individually assessed Total RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB First lien Second lien Subtotal First lien Second lien Subtotal As of January 1 335,927,729 369,953,498 705,881,227 74,032,660 83,124,717 157,157,377 863,038,604 Provision for credit losses (108,565,060 ) (84,825,781 ) (193,390,841 ) 175,002,453 381,123,547 556,126,000 362,735,159 Charge-offs (2) (89,021,115 ) (85,976,409 ) (174,997,524 ) (19,015,620 ) (23,986,445 ) (43,002,065 ) (217,999,589 ) Increase in guaranteed recoverable assets 42,506,397 57,797,858 100,304,255 - - - 100,304,255 Recoveries - - - - - - - As of December 31 180,847,951 256,949,166 437,797,117 230,019,493 440,261,819 670,281,312 1,108,078,429 Net loans principal, interest and financing service fee receivables 3,839,504,668 5,539,903,945 9,379,408,613 443,177,223 435,433,021 878,610,244 10,258,018,857 Recorded investment 4,020,352,619 5,796,853,111 9,817,205,730 673,196,716 875,694,840 1,548,891,556 11,366,097,286 (1) Effective January 1, 2020, the Group adopted accounting guidance which changed impairment recognition of financial instruments to a model that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. (2) In 2020, the Group revised its charge-off policy so that charge down loans that are 180 days past due to net realizable value (fair value of collaterals, less estimated costs to sell) unless both well-secured and in the process of collection The change in the charge-off policies as a result of the correction of an error had no impact on the Group’s provision for credit losses and an immaterial impact on the Group’s 2018 and 2019 audited consolidated financial statements. The Group charges off loans principal, interest and financing service fee receivables if the remaining balance is considered uncollectable. Recovery of loans principal, interest and financing service fee receivables previously charged off would be recorded when received. For the description of the Group’s related accounting policies of allowance for credit losses, see Note 2(e) Loans. The following tables present the aging of allowance for credit losses as of December 31,2020. Total current 1–30 days 31–89 days 91–179 days 180–269 days 270–359 days >360 days Total loans RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB The collaboration model First lien 129,497,272 27,587,381 19,589,462 36,527,048 - - - 213,201,163 Second lien 188,724,825 39,093,005 22,486,268 53,516,823 - - - 303,820,921 Subtotal 318,222,097 66,680,386 42,075,730 90,043,871 - - - 517,022,084 The traditional facilitation model First lien 38,134,959 7,913,700 2,960,953 7,958,810 - - - 56,968,422 Second lien 49,851,330 11,634,453 5,674,294 18,328,867 - - - 85,488,944 Subtotal 87,986,289 19,548,153 8,635,247 26,287,677 - - - 142,457,366 Allowance for credit losses 406,208,386 86,228,539 50,710,977 116,331,548 - - - 659,479,450 The following tables present the aging of allowance for credit losses as of December 31,2019. Total current 1–30 days 31–89 days 91–179 days 180–269 days 270–359 days >360 days Total loans RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB The collaboration model First lien 35,030,588 13,536,804 6,896,798 3,772,847 475,551 - - 59,712,588 Second lien 47,734,772 17,541,405 10,273,023 3,507,044 7,076,767 - - 86,133,011 Subtotal 82,765,360 31,078,209 17,169,821 7,279,891 7,552,318 - - 145,845,599 The traditional facilitation model First lien 29,728,615 41,608,151 54,046,995 43,039,816 54,399,151 71,665,979 56,666,149 351,154,856 Second lien 45,899,908 59,707,755 75,792,303 73,701,122 108,281,424 142,349,972 105,345,490 611,077,974 Subtotal 75,628,523 101,315,906 129,839,298 116,740,938 162,680,575 214,015,951 162,011,639 962,232,830 Allowance for credit losses 158,393,883 132,394,115 147,009,119 124,020,829 170,232,893 214,015,951 162,011,639 1,108,078,429 (b) Loan delinquency and non-accrual details The following tables present the aging of past-due loan principal and financing service fee receivables as of December 31, 2020. Total current 1–30 days 31–89 days 91–179 days 180–269 days 270–359 days >360 days Total loans Total non-accrual RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB The collaboration model First lien 2,684,453,719 221,752,977 149,903,725 98,060,135 38,612,291 41,915,011 41,301,764 3,275,999,622 219,889,201 Second lien 3,674,976,053 313,210,401 170,889,729 115,930,426 35,482,816 27,816,721 20,635,455 4,358,941,601 199,865,418 Subtotal 6,359,429,772 534,963,378 320,793,454 213,990,561 74,095,107 69,731,732 61,937,219 7,634,941,223 419,754,619 The traditional facilitation model First lien 488,499,217 61,067,711 21,663,045 37,401,946 38,952,002 44,395,487 231,498,405 923,477,813 352,247,840 Second lien 641,379,934 91,200,722 41,386,843 47,930,588 45,427,025 44,423,820 218,773,056 1,130,521,988 356,554,489 Subtotal 1,129,879,151 152,268,433 63,049,888 85,332,534 84,379,027 88,819,307 450,271,461 2,053,999,801 708,802,329 Loans principal, interest and financing service fee receivables 7,489,308,923 687,231,811 383,843,342 299,323,095 158,474,134 158,551,039 512,208,680 9,688,941,024 1,128,556,948 The following tables present the aging of past-due loan principal and financing service fee receivables as of December 31, 2019. Total current 1–30 days 31–89 days 91–179 days 180–269 days 270–359 days >360 days Total loans Total RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB The collaboration model First lien 1,998,813,257 62,545,907 25,513,691 8,692,517 1,151,088 - - 2,096,716,460 9,843,605 Second lien 2,718,738,017 80,877,056 37,566,648 7,457,194 8,941,652 - - 2,853,580,567 16,398,846 Subtotal 4,717,551,274 143,422,963 63,080,339 16,149,711 10,092,740 - - 4,950,297,027 26,242,451 The traditional facilitation model First lien 1,643,032,283 185,790,306 68,891,503 147,557,351 173,920,965 218,336,735 159,303,732 2,596,832,875 699,118,783 Second lien 2,535,294,261 267,456,186 108,695,215 177,513,619 244,116,975 288,764,892 197,126,236 3,818,967,384 907,521,722 Subtotal 4,178,326,544 453,246,492 177,586,718 325,070,970 418,037,940 507,101,627 356,429,968 6,415,800,259 1,606,640,505 Loans principal, interest and financing service fee receivables 8,895,877,818 596,669,455 240,667,057 341,220,681 428,130,680 507,101,627 356,429,968 11,366,097,286 1,632,882,956 Loans principal, interest and financing service fee receivables are placed on non-accrual status when payments are 90 days contractually past. Any interest accrued on non-accrual loans is reversed at 90 days and charged against current earnings, and interest is thereafter included in earnings only to the extent actually received in cash. When there is doubt regarding the ultimate collectability of principal, all cash receipts are thereafter applied to reduce the recorded investment in the loan. (c) Impaired loans (1) Impaired loans summary Recorded investment Unpaid Impaired Impaired Impaired Related RMB RMB RMB RMB RMB First lien 564,172,105 572,137,041 109,090,294 463,046,747 44,485,858 Second lien 562,839,906 556,419,907 132,824,814 423,595,093 71,845,690 As of December 31,2020 1,127,012,011 1,128,556,948 241,915,108 886,641,840 116,331,548 First lien 714,820,883 708,962,388 606,955,948 102,006,440 230,019,493 Second lien 937,961,325 923,920,568 771,834,730 152,085,838 440,261,819 As of December 31,2019 1,652,782,208 1,632,882,956 1,378,790,678 254,092,278 670,281,312 In accordance with ASC 310-10-35-16 and 17, impaired loans are those loans where the Group, based on current information and events, believes it is probable all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan will not be collected. All amounts due according to the contractual terms means that both the contractual interest payments and the contractual principal payments of a loan will be collected as scheduled in the loan agreement. Impaired loans without an allowance generally represent loans that the fair value of the underlying collateral meets or exceeds the loan’s amortized cost. (2) Average recorded investment in impaired loans Year ended December 31, 2019 2020 Average (i) Interest and (ii) Average (i) Interest and (ii) RMB RMB RMB RMB First lien 633,643,411 42,367,639 575,787,304 37,935,099 Second lien 745,893,152 39,326,404 598,022,585 58,090,531 Impaired loans 1,379,536,563 81,694,043 1,173,809,889 96,025,630 (i) Average recorded investment represents ending balance for the last four quarters and does not include the related allowance for credit losses. (ii) The interest and fees income recognized are those interest and financing service fees recognized related to impaired loans. All the amounts are recognized on cash basis. No debt restructuring in which contractual terms of loans are modified, has occurred during 2019 and 2020. The Group transferred loans with carrying amounts of RMB497,001,089 and RMB1,004,069,874 to third party investors and recorded the transfers as sales for the years ended December 31, 2019, and 2020 respectively. The Group recognized net gain of RMB75,959,140 and RMB149,631,456 from transfers accounted for as sales of loans for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively. The Group carries out pre-approval, review and credit approval of loans by professionals for credit risk arising from micro credit business. During the post-transaction monitoring process, the Group conducts a visit of customers regularly after disbursement of loans, and conducts on-site inspection when the Group considers it is necessary. The review focuses on the status of the collateral. The Group adopts a loan risk classification approach to manage the loan portfolio risk. Loans are classified as non-impaired and impaired based on the different risk level. When one or more event demonstrates there is objective evidence of impairment and causes losses, corresponding loans are considered to be classified as impaired. The allowance for credit losses on impaired loans are determined with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model. The Group applies a series of criteria in determining the classification of loans. The loan classification criteria focuses on a number of factors, including (i) the borrower’s ability to repay the loan; (ii) the borrower’s repayment history; (iii) the borrower’s willingness to repay; (iv) the net realizable value of any collateral; and (v) the prospect for the support from any financially responsible guarantor. The Group also takes into account the length of time for which payments of principal and interest on a loan are overdue. (d) Loans held-for-sale Loans held-for-sale are measured at the lower of cost or fair value, with valuation changes recorded in noninterest revenue. The valuation is performed on an individual loan basis. Loans transferred to held-for-sale category were RMB370,700,724 (including RMB66,698,869 measured at fair value) and RMB586,206,781 (including RMB76,013,067 measured at fair value) as of December 31,2019 and 2020 respectively. |