Bit Origin Limited (BTOG) F-3Shelf registration (foreign)

As filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on November 16, 2023

Registration No. 333-         

UNITED STATES 

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 

Washington, DC 20549

FORM F-3 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT 

UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

BIT ORIGIN LTD 

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

27F, Samsung Hub 

3 Church Street Singapore 049483 

T: 347-556-4747 

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

Cogency Global Inc. 

122 East 42nd Street, 18th Floor 

New York, NY 10168 

(Name, address including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copies to:

William S. Rosenstadt, Esq. 

Mengyi “Jason” Ye, Esq. 

Yarona L. Yieh, Esq. 

Ortoli Rosenstadt LLP 

366 Madison Avenue, 3rd Floor 

New York, NY 10017 

+1-212-588-0022 – telephone 

+1-212-826-9307 – facsimile

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after the effective date of this registration statement as determined by the registrant.

If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box: ¨

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. x

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨

If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.C. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ¨

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨

If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.C. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933.

Emerging growth company x

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ¨

† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

The Registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. The securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting offers to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

Bit Origin Ltd

$50,000,000 

Ordinary Shares 

Share Purchase Contracts 

Share Purchase Units 

Warrants 

Debt Securities 

Rights 

Units

We may offer, from time to time, in one or more offerings, ordinary shares, share purchase contracts, share purchase units, warrants, debt securities, rights or units, which we collectively refer to as the “securities”. The aggregate initial offering price of the securities that we may offer and sell under this prospectus will not exceed $50,000,000.

We may offer and sell any combination of the securities described in this prospectus in different series, at times, in amounts, at prices and on terms to be determined at, or prior to, the time of each offering. This prospectus describes the general terms of these securities and the general manner in which these securities will be offered. We will provide the specific terms of these securities in supplements to this prospectus. The prospectus supplements will also describe the specific manner in which these securities will be offered and may also supplement, update or amend information contained in this prospectus. This prospectus may not be used to consummate a sale of securities unless accompanied by the applicable prospectus supplement. You should read this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement before you invest.

We may offer and sell the securities from time to time at fixed prices, at market prices, or at negotiated prices, to or through underwriters, to other purchasers, through agents, or through a combination of these methods. If any underwriters are involved in the sale of any securities with respect to which this prospectus is being delivered, the names of such underwriters and any applicable commissions or discounts will be set forth in a prospectus supplement. The offering price of such securities and the net proceeds we expect to receive from such sale will also be set forth in a prospectus supplement. See “Plan of Distribution” elsewhere in this prospectus for a more complete description of the ways in which the securities may be sold.

Our ordinary shares are traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “BTOG”. On November 15, 2023, the closing price of our ordinary shares as reported by the Nasdaq Capital Market was $2.60. During the year immediately prior to the date of this prospectus, the highest and lowest closing prices were US$12.00 and US$1.26 per share, respectively. We have recently experienced price volatility in our stock. See related risk factors in our most recent annual report on Form 20-F.

The aggregate market value of our outstanding ordinary shares held by non-affiliates or public float, as of the date of this prospectus, was approximately $8,681,285.6, which was calculated based on 3,338,956 ordinary shares held by non-affiliates and the per share price of $2.60, which was the closing price of our ordinary shares on Nasdaq on November 15, 2023. We have not offered any securities pursuant to General Instruction I.B.5 of Form F-3 during the prior 12 calendar month period that ends on, and includes, the date of this prospectus.

Unless otherwise specified in an applicable prospectus supplement, our share purchase contracts, share purchase units, warrants, debt securities, rights and units will not be listed on any securities or stock exchange or on any automated dealer quotation system.

This prospectus may not be used to offer or sell our securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement. The information contained or incorporated in this prospectus or in any prospectus supplement is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, or such prospectus supplement, as applicable, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any sale of our securities.

Investing in our securities being offered pursuant to this prospectus involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully read and consider the ‘‘Risk Factors’’ section of this prospectus, and risk factors set forth in our most recent annual report on Form 20-F, in other reports incorporated herein by reference, and in the applicable prospectus supplement before you make your investment decision.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Cayman Islands Monetary Authority, nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is            , 2023

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement. We have not authorized any person to provide you with different or additional information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. This prospectus is not an offer to sell securities, and it is not soliciting an offer to buy securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement, as well as information we have previously filed with the SEC and incorporated by reference, is accurate as of the date on the front of those documents only. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is a part of a registration statement that we have filed with the SEC utilizing a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we may sell any combination of the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings up to an aggregate offering price of $50,000,000.

Each time we sell securities, we will provide a supplement to this prospectus that contains specific information about the securities being offered and the specific terms of that offering. The supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. If there is any inconsistency between the information in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement, you should rely on the prospectus supplement.

We may offer and sell securities to, or through, underwriting syndicates or dealers, through agents or directly to purchasers.

The prospectus supplement for each offering of securities will describe in detail the plan of distribution for that offering.

In connection with any offering of securities (unless otherwise specified in a prospectus supplement), the underwriters or agents may over-allot or effect transactions which stabilize or maintain the market price of the securities offered at a higher level than that which might exist in the open market. Such transactions, if commenced, may be interrupted or discontinued at any time. See “Plan of Distribution.”

Please carefully read both this prospectus and any prospectus supplement together with the documents incorporated herein by reference under “Incorporation by Reference” and the additional information described below under “Where You Can Get More Information.”

Prospective investors should be aware that the acquisition of the securities described herein may have tax consequences. You should read the tax discussion contained in the applicable prospectus supplement and consult your tax advisor with respect to your own particular circumstances.

You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. The distribution or possession of this prospectus in or from certain jurisdictions may be restricted by law. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted or where the person making the offer or sale is not qualified to do so or to any person to whom it is not permitted to make such offer or sale. The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus and any information incorporated by reference is accurate as of the date of the applicable document incorporated by reference, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of the securities. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.

COMMONLY USED DEFINED TERMS

Unless otherwise indicated or the context requires otherwise, references in this prospectus to:

We have sought to provide current information in this prospectus and believe that the statistics provided in this prospectus remain up-to-date and reliable, and these materials are not incorporated in this prospectus other than to the extent specifically cited in this prospectus. On May 23, 2023, as approved and authorized by ordinary resolution of the shareholders of the Company passed at an annual meeting of shareholders held on May 18, 2023, the board of directors of the Company approved a one-for-thirty (1-for-30) reverse share split of the Company’s ordinary shares (the “Reverse Share Split”). The par value of the ordinary shares was increased in proportion to the ratio of the Reverse Share Split to $0.30 per share and the number of authorized ordinary shares was reduced in proportion to the ratio of the Reverse Share Split to 10,000,000 ordinary shares. Unless specified otherwise, and except as provided in the financial statements and footnotes thereto, all references in this prospectus to share and per share data have been adjusted, including historical data which has been retroactively adjusted, to give effect to the Reverse Share Split.

SPECIAL NOTICE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus contains forward-looking statements. All statements contained in this prospectus other than statements of historical fact, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, our business strategy and plans, and our objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “expect,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including the factors described under the section titled “Risk Factors” in the documents incorporated by reference herein and under a similar heading in any applicable prospectus supplement. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the future events and trends discussed in this prospectus may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward- looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, we undertake no duty to update any of these forward-looking statements after the date of this prospectus or to conform these statements to actual results or revised expectations.

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

Corporate History and Structure

The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure:

Bit Origin is a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands on January 23, 2018 with no material operations of its own.

SonicHash Canada was formed on December 14, 2021 under the laws of Alberta, Canada. It is a subsidiary of Bit Origin Ltd. It is not currently engaging in any active business.

SonicHash Singapore was formed on December 16, 2021 under the laws of Singapore. It is a subsidiary of Bit Origin Ltd. It is not currently engaging in any active business.

SonicHash US was formed on December 17, 2021 under the laws of Delaware. It is a subsidiary of Bit Origin Ltd. It is engaged in Bitcoin mining in the United States. As of the date of this prospectus, it has deployed 1,760 miners in a mining facility in Marion, Indiana and has delivered 2,490 miners, representing a hash power of 234.8PH/s, to the mining facility under construction in Cheyenne, Wyoming, ready to be deployed as soon as the mining facility starts operation.

Name Change and Symbol Change

Effective February 15, 2022, the Company changed the trading symbol of its ordinary shares from “PLIN” to “BTOG”. Effective April 29, 2022, the Company changed its name from “China Xiangtai Food Co., Ltd.” to “Bit Origin Ltd”.

Reverse Share Split

On May 23, 2023, as approved and authorized by ordinary resolution of the shareholders of the Company passed at an annual meeting of shareholders held on May 18, 2023, the board of directors of the Company approved a one-for-thirty (1-for-30) reverse share split of the Company’s ordinary shares (the “Reverse Share Split”). Upon the opening of the market on May 30, 2023, the Company’s ordinary shares began trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market on a post-Reverse Share Split basis under the current symbol “BTOG”. The new CUSIP number following the Reverse Share Split is G21621118. The Reverse Share Split reduced the number of outstanding shares of the Company from approximately 100.9 million to approximately 3.3 million and affected all outstanding ordinary shares. Every thirty (30) outstanding ordinary shares were combined into and automatically become one post-Reverse Share Split ordinary share. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the Reverse Share Split. Instead, the Company issued one full post-Reverse Share Split ordinary share to any shareholder who would have been entitled to receive a fractional share as a result of the process. The par value of the ordinary shares was increased in proportion to the ratio of the Reverse Share Split to $0.30 per share and the number of authorized ordinary shares was reduced in proportion to the ratio of the Reverse Share Split to 10,000,000 ordinary shares. After the Reverse Share Split, all options, warrants and other convertible securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior to the Reverse Share Split were adjusted by dividing the number of ordinary shares into which the options, warrants and other convertible securities are exercisable or convertible by thirty (30) and multiplying the exercise or conversion price thereof by thirty (30), all in accordance with the terms of the plans, agreements or arrangements governing such options, warrants and other convertible securities and subject to rounding to the nearest whole share. In connection with the Reverse Share Split, the Company amended and restated its memorandum and articles of association to reflect the adjustment of the number of authorized ordinary shares and the par value.

Business Overview

Bit Origin Ltd is a Cayman Islands exempted company and conducts business through its operating subsidiary, SonicHash US, in the United States.

As part of our growth strategy, we have been actively seeking opportunities to deploy emerging technologies, including crypto asset mining and blockchain technologies with diversified expansion strategy recently. In particular, we are engaged in Bitcoin mining. Due to the recent development in the cryptocurrency industry (See “Impact of Recent Developments Regarding Crypto Asset Market” below), we have focused on existing layouts and mining sites in the United States, and other types of expansion and exploration have been suspended. As of the date of this prospectus, we do not have any plan to engage in other crypto-related businesses or services, expand the mining operations, or mine crypto assets other than Bitcoin.

We use specialized computers, known as miners, to generate Bitcoins, a digital asset (also known as a cryptocurrency). The miners use application specific integrated circuit (“ASIC”) chips. These chips enable the miners to apply greater computational power, or “hash rate”, to provide transaction verification services (known as solving a block) which helps support the Bitcoin blockchain. For every block added, the Bitcoin blockchain awards a Bitcoin award equal to a set number of Bitcoins per block. These Bitcoin awards are subject to “halving,” whereby the Bitcoin award per block is reduced by half in order to control the supply of Bitcoins on the market. When Bitcoin was first launched in 2009, miners were awarded 50 Bitcoins if they first solved a new block; this award was halved to 25 Bitcoins per new block in 2012, and halved again in 2016 to 12.5 Bitcoins per new block. Most recently, in May 2020, the then prevailing reward of 12.5 Bitcoins per new block was halved to 6.25 Bitcoins. This reward rate is expected to next halve during 2024 to 3.125 Bitcoins per new block and will continue to halve at approximately four-year intervals until all potential 21 million Bitcoins have been mined. Miners with a greater hash rate have a higher chance of solving a block and receiving a Bitcoin award.

Miners

As of the date of this prospectus, SonicHash US has purchased and owns 4,250 high performance Bitcoin miners, including 2,638 units of Koi C16 and 1,612 units of Bitmain Antminer S19j pro. The age of the miners ranges from 10 months to 18 months. The average age is 16.2 months. The average downtime due to scheduled or unscheduled maintenances is 5%. The energy efficiency of the C16 miners and the S19j pro miners is 3.4KWH and 3.05 KWH, respectively.

As of the date of this prospectus, SonicHash US has 3,200 miners, representing a hash power of 304.8 PH/s, deployed in a mining facility in Cheyenne, Wyoming, and has delivered 1,050 miners, representing a hash power of 99.1 PH/s, to the same mining facility in Cheyenne, Wyoming, ready to be deployed as soon as the Phase II of the mining facility starts operation. From May 2022 to September 2023, SonicHash US mined a total of 341.63 Bitcoins.

SonicHash US holds the mined Bitcoin in order to enjoy the potential benefits of the appreciation of the Bitcoin price. SonicHash US currently does not store Bitcoin on any trading platform. We do not hold any virtual assets other than Bitcoin. The price of Bitcoins is volatile. It has decreased recently and may continue to decrease if the liquidity of the digital assets markets continues to be negatively impacted by the recent bankruptcy of some well-known crypto asset market participants and negative publicity surrounding digital assets. Our finance department is constantly monitoring the trend of Bitcoin price and will make proposals to our Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”). The CFO will determine whether the Bitcoin trading price is favorable and whether it is necessary for the Company to sell Bitcoins to improve the cashflow. If the CFO approves the trading of Bitcoins, she will instruct the Vice President to transfer the Bitcoins to the Coinbase exchange and execute the trade. We do not have an agreement with the Coinbase exchange . If the Bitcoins cannot be sold at the approved price within one day after the transfer, the CFO will review the recalibrated proposal prepared by the finance department and approve the new price and new number of Bitcoins to be sold if the CFO deems the proposal is reasonable. If we trade Bitcoins for fiat currency, we will withdraw the fiat currency immediately from the Coinbase exchange and deposit it into the Company’s bank account. If the Bitcoins price decreases when we trade the Bitcoins for fiat currency, the amount of fiat currency we receive will decrease as well and our results of operation will be negatively impact. See “—Impact of Recent Developments Regarding Crypto Asset Market” below.

All of our crypto assets are Bitcoins, and we currently keep our Bitcoins in both cold wallet Ledger Nano X in Singapore, and another secured crypto and Bitcoin wallet, imToken. A cold wallet refers to any cryptocurrency wallet that is not connected to the Internet. A cold wallet is generally more secure than hot wallet, which refers to any cryptocurrency wallet that is connected to the Internet. The management of the Company is responsible to supervise the Bitcoin and the auditor of the Company is responsible to verify the existence for the Bitcoin held in the cold wallet. In addition, hot storage locations allow us to easily manage various blockchains including BTC, ETH and support stablecoins. We do not have any insurance that covers our miners or Bitcoin in the event of loss or fraud. We have not used a third-party custodian to store our Bitcoins. The Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and CFO of the Company maintain control of and have access to the private key. We have policy to safeguard our crypto assets. All the transactions involving the Bitcoins, such as withdrawing, transferring, or selling the Bitcoins from our wallet must be set up by the Vice President, authorized by the CFO and executed by the CEO. We also verbally confirm the wallet address with the receiver and perform a trial transaction with 0.01 Bitcoin before any transaction to verify the wallet address of the receiver.

The cost of mining consists primarily of hosting costs and depreciation expense of our own mining equipment. The hosting costs include installment fees, electricity, internet services and other necessary services to maintain the operation of the mining equipment. The depreciation expenses are the sunk cost to the mining operation, at $17,600/BTC mined. Our breakeven price is around $28,478 per Bitcoin as of September 30, 2023.

Prior to December 2022, pursuant to the original hosting agreement and service agreement (see “Mining Facilities” below for more detail), based on the average of the hosting price of approximately $0.08/kwh, the breakeven price is $17,599/BTC mined.

In December 2022, the hosting fee is adjusted to equal to the sum of (i) the electricity cost of the mining activities and (ii) 50% of SonicHash US’s profit generated from the Indiana site, i.e., the difference of the market price of the Bitcoins mined from the Indiana site and the electricity cost. The market price of the Bitcoins is the daily Bitcoin closing price available at CoinMarketCap.com as of the day immediately prior to the day that we receive the electricity bill. Based on the adjusted profit sharing model, the hosting fee is approximately $0.065/kwh, and therefore, the breakeven price is $14,299.

In Feburary 2023, we reverted to the original hosting term, pursuant to which the hosting fee is based on the average of the hosting price of approximately $0.08/kwh. The breakeven price is $ 28,478/BTC mined as of September 30, 2023.

From May 1, 2022 to November 30, 2022, the Bitcoin price range was between $15,787 and $39,698. From December 1, 2022 to January 31, 2023, the Bitcoin price range was between $16,440 and $ 23,775. From Feburary 1, 2023 to September 30, 2023, the Bitcoin price range was between $20,187 and $31,476 Our revenue recognition is based on the daily BTC reward and daily BTC lowest price available at CoinMarketCap.com.

Mining Facilities

Macon, Georgia

The mining facility in Macon, Georgia is managed by Horizon Mining Ltd. SonicHash US entered into a hosting agreement with Horizon Mining Ltd on May 1, 2022, pursuant to which Horizon Mining Ltd will provide electricity, internet, as well as installation service, loading and unloading service, security service, inventory management service, and other maintenance services to maintain the operation of the mining equipment. The hosting agreement is for a term of one year from execution and can be extended at any time upon agreement of both parties. If either party commits a material breach of the hosting agreement and fails to cure with 30 days after such breach, the non-breaching party can terminate the hosting agreement. The service fee is $295,082 per month, which includes all of the electricity and internet costs, the cost of maintenance services to maintain the operation of the mining equipment (not including insurance for loss of power or damage to the hosted mining machines). SonicHash US has paid a deposit in the amount of $741,585 pursuant to the hosting agreement and such deposit will be returned to SonicHash US within seven days after all the mining equipment is removed from the facilities. The hosting agreement expired on April 30, 2023. Either party can extend the agreement with prior notice to the other party. In December 2022, due to high energy price and the Georgia site’s weak condition in general, SonicHash US suspended the operation of the miners in the Georgia site and shipped the 1,490 miners that were deployed in the Georgia site to the mining facility in Marion, Indiana and were deployed since January 2023.

The aggregate average, mean and range of Bitcoins mined on a monthly basis by the miners located in Macon Georgia during the periods from May 2022 through November 2022 are as follows:

Marion, Indiana

The mining facility in Marion, Indiana is managed by Your Choice Four CA, Inc. On June 6, 2022, SonicHash US entered into a hosting agreement with Your Choice Four CA, Inc., pursuant to which SonicHash US delivered 1,000 Bitcoin mining equipment to the Your Choice Four CA, Inc.’s facilities in the State of Indiana and Your Choice Four CA, Inc. installed the mining equipment and provide electricity, internet and other maintenance services to maintain the operation of the mining equipment. The hosting agreement is for a term of one year and can be renewed with a four months’ advance notice to Your Choice Four CA, Inc. If either party has material breach of the hosting agreement and fails to cure with 30 days after such breach, the non-breaching party can terminate the hosting agreement. In addition, SonicHash US can terminate the hosting agreement if Your Choice Four CA, Inc. fails to furnish the services during any two-month period or for seven consecutive days excluding downtime caused by scheduled maintenance, demand response curtailment and/or force majeure. SonicHash US has paid a deposit in the amount of $404,914 and such deposit will be returned to SonicHash US within 30 days upon termination of the hosting agreement.

On June 10, 2022, Sonic Hash US also entered into a service agreement with Ever Best Bit Limited which serves as an advisor and consultant to help the Company to find the data mining host service which meets Company’s requirements. Ever Best Bit Limited facilitated SonicHash US to enter into the hosting agreement with Your Choice Four CA, Inc. SonicHash US agreed to pay Ever Best Bit Limited a service fee of $0.024/kWh, calculated based on the following formula: Total Services Fee: (Electrical Meter Reading + Electrical Meter Reading * 3% Electrical Power Loss) * Electricity Rate $0.024/kWh. The service agreement shall only terminate when the hosting agreement terminates. The term of the service and the termination date is the same as the agreement with Your Choice Four CA, Inc. The agreement with Ever Best Bit Limited will be renewed if the agreement with Your Choice Four CA, Inc. is renewed.

On July 6, 2022, SonicHash US entered into another hosting agreement with Your Choice Four CA, Inc., pursuant to which SonicHash US delivered 700 units of Bitcoin mining equipment to Your Choice Four CA, Inc.’s facilities in the State of Indiana and Your Choice Four CA, Inc. installed the mining equipment and provide electricity, internet and other maintenance services to maintain the operation of the mining equipment. The hosting agreement is for a term of one year and can be renewed with a four months’ advance notice to Your Choice Four CA, Inc. If either party has material breach of the hosting agreement and fails to cure within 30 days after such breach, the non-breaching party can terminate the Hosting Agreement. In addition, SonicHash US can terminate the hosting agreement if Your Choice Four CA, Inc. fails to furnish the services during any two-month period or for 7 consecutive days excluding downtime caused by scheduled maintenance, demand response curtailment and/or force majeure. Pursuant to the hosting agreement, the host shall maintain a minimum service level of at least 90% uptime during any 30-day period, except in the event of maintenance, miner failure, repair, and force majeure. The host shall also be responsible for, repair or reimburse any cosmetic damage or operation deficiency to the miners due to the host’s intentional acts, willful misconduct, gross negligence or omission. SonicHash US has paid a deposit in the amount of $250,286 and such deposit will be returned to SonicHash US within 30 days upon termination of the hosting agreement.

On July 7, 2022, SonicHash US entered into another service agreement with Ever Best Bit Limited, which serves as an advisor and consultant to help the Company to find the data mining host service which meet Company’s requirements. Ever Best Bit Limited facilitated SonicHash US to enter into the hosting agreement with Your Choice Four CA, Inc. SonicHash US agreed to pay Ever Best Bit Limited a service fee of $0.020/kWh, calculated based on the following formula: Total Services Fee: (Electrical Meter Reading + Electrical Meter Reading * 3% Electrical Power Loss) * Electricity Rate $0.020/kWh. The service agreement shall only terminate when the hosting agreement terminates. The term of the service and the termination date is the same as the agreement with Your Choice Four CA, Inc. The agreement with Ever Best Bit Limited will be renewed if the agreement with Your Choice Four CA, Inc. is renewed.

The hosting fee payable to Your Choice Four CA, Inc. is calculated by: (Electrical Meter Reading + Electrical Meter Reading * 3% Electrical Power Loss) * Electricity Rate ($0.060/kW). The service fee payable to Ever Best Bit Limited is calculated by: (Electrical Meter Reading + Electrical Meter Reading * 3% Electrical Power Loss) * Electricity Rate ($0.060/kWh). For example, assuming the miners consumes 10,000 KWH in electricity, the hosting fee payable to Your Choice Four CA, Inc. will be (10000+3%*10000)*$0.06=$618.00 and the service fee payable to Ever Best Bit Limited will be (10000+3%*10000)*$0.024=$247.20. The total fee for the 10,000 KWH electricity consumption will be $618.00+$247.20=$865.20.

In December 2022, we reached an agreement with Your Choice 4 CA, Inc., the host of the mining facility in Marion, Indiana, that the hosting fee is adjusted to equal to the sum of (i) the electricity cost of the mining activities and (ii) 50% of SonicHash US’s profit generated from the Indiana site, i.e., the difference of the market price of the Bitcoins mined from the Indiana site and the electricity cost. The market price of the Bitcoins is the daily Bitcoin closing price available at CoinMarketCap.com as of the day immediately prior to the day that we receive the electricity bill.

The aggregate average, mean and range of monthly fees paid to Your Choice Four CA, Inc. and Ever Best Bit Limited for the installation of, hosting of and services for the miners located in Indiana during the periods from July 2022 through September  2023 are as follows:

The aggregate average, mean and range of Bitcoins mined on a monthly basis by the miners located in Marion, Indiana during the periods from July 2022 through September 2023 are as follows:

As of September 30, 2023, the Company ceased its operation in the Indiana facility.

Cheyenne, Wyoming

On June 10, 2022, the Company entered into a subscription agreement with a limited partnership, MineOne Cloud Computing Investment I L.P. (the “Partnership”), pursuant to which the Company invested $3,000,000 in fiat currency in the Partnership as a limited partner and hold a partnership interest and a sharing percentage of 8.8235% in the Partnership. The Company will receive dividends or other returns in fiat currency.

The Partnership is a limited partnership registered under the laws of the British Virgin Islands on May 12, 2022. The general partner, MineOne Partners Limited, a British Virgin Islands business company with limited liability, will seek to obtain opportunities for the Partnership to only make debt or equity investments in the portfolio company (as defined in the limited partnership agreement) in accordance with the primary purpose of the Partnership, which is to seek long-term capital appreciation by acquiring, holding, financing, refinancing and disposing of securities in the portfolio company. The general partner shall have the exclusive authority to cause the Partnership to make investments in the portfolio company. The Partnership commenced on May 12, 2022 and shall continue, unless the Partnership is sooner de-registered, until the Partnership’s entire interest in the portfolio company has been disposed of and any ongoing arrangements related thereto (including any escrow arrangement) have been terminated and all proceeds thereof have been distributed. The general partner can by a determination in good faith, terminate or wind up the Partnership if it has determined that there is a substantial likelihood that due to a change in the text, application or interpretation of the provisions of the applicable securities laws, or any other applicable statute, regulation, case law, administrative ruling or other similar authority, the Partnership cannot operate effectively in the manner contemplated herein. The Partnership will also terminated upon the commencement of liquidation, bankruptcy or dissolution proceedings or the withdrawal, or making of a winding up or dissolution order of the General Partner, or the occurrence of any other event that causes the General Partner to cease to be a general partner of the Partnership under the Partnership Act, by the entry of a decree of judicial dissolution, or at such time as there are no limited partners.

As a limited partner, the Company shall not take part in the management of the Partnership or in the management or control of the Partnership’s investment or other activities, transact any business in the Partnership’s name, deal with any person on behalf of the Partnership who or that is not a partner or have the power to sign documents for or otherwise bind the Partnership. Any election, vote, waiver or consent of the limited partners shall be calculated as a percentage of the respective capital commitments of the limited partners entitled to make such election, vote, waiver or consent. The liability of the Company for the debts and obligations of the Partnership is limited to its capital commitment in the amount of $3,000,000. Cash received by the Partnership from the sale or other disposition of, or dividends, interests or other income from or in respect of, a portfolio investment, or otherwise received by the Partnership from any source (other than capital contributions and other payments made by the Partners pursuant to the Partnership Agreement and temporary investment income), in excess of the amount necessary or appropriate for the payment of the Partnership’s expenses, liabilities and other obligations, shall be distributed upon dissolution of the Partnership, apportioned among the partners in proportion to the sharing percentages as of the time of distribution.

The general partner and associated indemnified persons generally will not be liable to the Partnership or the limited partners for any act or omission relating to the Partnership, other than acts or omissions constituting certain disabling conduct, including such person’s conviction of a felony or a willful violation of law by such person in each case having a material adverse effect on the Partnership; actual fraud, willful malfeasance or gross negligence by or of such person; or reckless disregard of duties by such person in the conduct of such person’s office. If the Partnership’s assets are insufficient to meet such liabilities, the Partnership may recall distributions to meet all or any portion of the indemnification or repayment obligations of the Partnership.

Dr. Jiaming Li, the President of our Company, was a director at MineOne Partners Limited and resigned from MineOne Partners Limited before joining our Company. We do not believe that the limited partnership was a related party transaction. The terms of the partnership were negotiated at arm’s length.

Based on the amended and restated limited partnership agreement of the Partnership, the primary purpose of the Partnership is to seek long-term capital appreciation by acquiring, holding, financing, refinancing and disposing of securities in the portfolio company. The Partnership is constructing a mining site with capacity up to 75 megawatts (“MW”) in Cheyenne, Wyoming. The Partnership expects to provide miner hosting services and earn hosting fees. The Partnership plans to host 23,000 miners of S19j pro or equivalent type. The construction has been completed and the mining site started the hosting operations with a capacity of 45 MW in late March 2023. The Partnership has entered into two hosting agreements in connection with the Cheyenne, Wyoming hosting site as of the date of this prospectus. The Company entered a hosting agreement with the Partnership to host the 3,200 miners in Cheyenne, Wyoming. Construction of phase II of the mining site with a capacity of 25 MW is in design process.

As of September 30, 2023, the total mining hash rate stands at 320 PH/s with 3,200 miners installed in the Wyoming facility.

Mining Pool

SonicHash US has entered into a cryptocurrency mining pool with F2pool. The verbal agreement can be terminated at any time by either party. F2pool provides computing power to the mining pool for SonicHash US's 3,200 operating miners in Cheyenne. SonicHash US provides computing power and in exchange for successfully adding a block to the blockchain, SonicHash US shall receive a fractional share of the fixed cryptocurrency award the mining pool operator receives (less cryptocurrency transaction fees to the mining pool operator which are recorded net with revenues) in Bitcoins. SonicHash US’s fractional share is based on the proportion of computing power SonicHash US contributed to the mining pool operator to the total computing power contributed by all mining pool participants in solving the current algorithm. The F2pool is a high-performance mining pool that supports Proof of Work (PoW) assets such as Bitcoin (BTC) and Bitcoin Cash (BCH), with more coins in the pipeline. The F2pool provides users with a low mining fee of 2.5%, along with optimized algorithms for higher mining efficiency.

Disposition and Discontinued Operations

Prior to April 2021, our then subsidiaries and variable interest entities engaged in the pork processing business and had operations across key sections of the industry value chain, including slaughtering, packing, distribution, wholesale, and retail of a variety of fresh pork meat and parts. Prior to February 2020, one of our then subsidiaries operated a grocery store in Chongqing, China that sold our pork and meat products and other consumer goods. In February 2020, the grocery store operation was discontinued. In April 2021, the pork processing business was discontinued.

On April 27, 2022, we sold 100% equity interest in WVM Inc. and China Silanchi Holding Limited, including the subsidiaries and consolidated variable entities of WVM Inc. and China Silanchi Holding Limited (See “—Corporate History and Structure”), to an unrelated third party for a total of $1,000,000 pursuant to a securities purchase agreement dated March 31, 2022. Such disposition includes the sale of the grocery store and meat processing business.

Grocery Store

In July 2018, we acquired CQ Pengmei and opened two grocery stores in Chongqing in November 2017 that offered a variety of consumer goods. One of the grocery stores was closed in August 2018 due to the landlord’s failure to meet the fire safety requirements. We filed a lawsuit against the landlord for breach of the store operating lease. The lawsuit is still ongoing. In February 2020, due to the increase in inventory purchase cost and the quarantine restrictions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in China, we closed the other grocery store.

Meat Processing

We used to engage in the slaughtering, packing, distribution, wholesale, and retail of a variety of fresh pork meat and parts through CQ Penglin and GA Yongpeng. We used to sell fresh pork to distributors, who then sold to pork vendors in farmers’ markets. Due to the African Swine fever affecting China in October 2018, the supply of hogs decreased. Also, starting from March 2019, the Chongqing government started requiring all local slaughtering houses to only purchase hogs from hog farms in Chongqing, which further limited the supply of hogs. The decrease in supply increased the price of hogs and increased our cost of per unit slaughtering and processing. Starting in January 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine measures, our sales volume in farmers markets decreased. We were operating at losses during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021. In addition, in March 2021, we ceased operation of the slaughtering and food processing facilities as a result of a legal dispute between CQ Penglin and Chongqing Puluosi Small Mortgage Co., Ltd. The food processing facility was sealed by the court and is subject to a lien. The court ordered the sale of this facility to enforce the court verdict against CQ Penglin. The slaughtering facility is subject to the same lien pursuant to the same court order, and pursuant to which order the facility cannot be sold, transferred or otherwise disposed without approval of the court. As a result, in April 2021, we discontinued the meat processing business.

Recent Development

On November 7, 2023 and November 9, 2023, the Company entered into securities purchase agreements with certain investors, pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell a total of 2,812,833 ordinary shares at $1.42 per ordinary share, which is 95% of the average daily closing trading price for a period of 20 consecutive trading days before November 3, 2023, for gross proceeds of $3,994,222, pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of Section 5 of the Securities Act of 1933, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions. The Company plans to use the process for working capital and general corporate purposes. As of the date of this prospectus, the closing conditions have not been satisfied and the Company has not issued any ordinary shares pursuant to the securities purchase agreements.

Industry Overview

Blockchain

A blockchain is a digital, decentralized, public ledger that exists across a network. Unlike a centralized database, a blockchain ledger typically maintains copies of itself across many computers (“nodes”) in the network so that the record cannot be altered retroactively without the alteration of all subsequent blocks and the collusion of the network.

The network organizes transactions by putting them into groups called blocks. Each block contains a defined set of transactions and a link to the previous block in the chain. Adding a new entry or block requires a method of consensus between nodes the block to post to the ledger and become permanent.

Cryptocurrency

Currently, the most common application of blockchain technology is cryptocurrency. Cryptocurrency is an encrypted decentralized digital currency transferred between peers and confirmed on the blockchain via a process known as mining. Cryptocurrencies are not backed by a central bank or a national, supra-national or quasi-national organization and are typically used as a medium of exchange.

Cryptocurrencies can be used to purchase goods and services, either online or at physical locations, although data is not readily available about the retail and commercial market penetration of cryptocurrencies. To date, the rate of adoption and use of cryptocurrencies for paying merchants has trailed the broad expansion of retail and commercial acceptance of cryptocurrency. Other markets, such as credit card companies and certain financial institutions are not accepting such digital assets. It is likely that there will be a strong correlation between the continued expansion of the Cryptocurrency Network and its retail and commercial market penetration.

Bitcoin

Bitcoin is the most common cryptocurrency currently in use. Bitcoin was invented in 2008 and launched in 2009 by an anonymous person under the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto. As described in the original white paper, Bitcoin is a decentralized currency that allows online payments to be sent from one party to another without the use of financial institutions. Upon verification by devices, authenticated transactions are forever added to a public ledger for all to view in the Bitcoin network. The goal of Bitcoin was to eliminate the use of third parties to authenticate transactions, and thereby minimizing transaction costs, reducing practical transaction size, and enabling the ability to make non-reversible payments for non-reversible services.

Bitcoin Mining

“Mining” describes the process whereby a blockchain consensus is formed. The Bitcoin consensus, for example, entails solving complex mathematical problems using custom-designed computers.

When Bitcoins are sent, the transaction(s) are broadcasted to all nodes in the Bitcoin network. Each node bundles a collection of transactions into an encrypted block and attempts to solve the code to the encrypted block, to verify that all transactions within the block are valid. Once the code is deciphered, that code is sent to all other miners who can easily verify that the hash is indeed correct. When enough nodes agree that the hash is correct, this block is added to the existing chain and miners move on to work on the next block. This mechanism where “miners” solve cryptographic puzzles and prove that they have done so by writing the solution to the blockchain is known as “proof-of-work.” The verification is necessary because, unlike physical cash that can only be held by one party at any point in time, cryptocurrency can be copied and sent to multiple recipients if there are no safeguards.

Mining Incentives

As an incentive to expend time, power and other resources to mine Bitcoin, miners are rewarded in Bitcoin and transaction fees. Each computation is a hash, and the speed at which these problems can be solved at is measured in hash rate.

However, the number of Bitcoin rewarded is reduced by 50% for every 210,000 blocks mined. Given that a block is added to the ledger about every 10 minutes, the “halving” takes place approximately once every 4 years until all 21 million Bitcoins have been “unearthed”. Currently, each block mined rewards 6.25 Bitcoins and the next halving is expected to occur on March 2024, at which point each block mined would only reward 3.125 Bitcoins.

In addition to mining rewards, miners can also earn money through transaction fees. When a user decides to send Bitcoin, the transaction is first broadcasted to a memory pool before being added to a block. Because each block can only contain up to 1 megabyte of information, miners can pick and choose from the memory pool which transactions to bundle into the next block.

During periods of heavy network usage, there can oftentimes be more transactions awaiting confirmation than there is space in a block. In such situations, users compete for miners’ computation power by adding fees (“tips”) onto their transactions in the hope that miners would prioritize their transactions. Larger “tips” are required to incentivize miners to mine larger transactions.

Impact of Recent Developments Regarding Crypto Asset Market

In 2022 and the beginning of 2023, some of the well-known crypto asset market participants, including Celsius Network, Voyager Digital Ltd., Three Arrows Capital and Genesis Global Holdco, LLC declared bankruptcy. In November 2022, FTX, the third largest digital asset exchange by volume at the time, halted customer withdrawals and shortly thereafter, FTX and its subsidiaries filed for bankruptcy, resulting in a loss of confidence in participants of the digital asset ecosystem and negative publicity surrounding digital assets more broadly. Furthermore, it also revealed potential systemic risks and industry contagion as a significant number of other major market participants were affected by FTX’s bankruptcy – namely, among others, BlockFi Inc., as one of the largest digital assets lending companies.

In response to these events, the digital asset markets, including the market for Bitcoin specifically, have experienced extreme price volatility and several other entities in the digital asset industry have been, and may continue to be, negatively affected, further undermining confidence in the digital assets markets and in Bitcoin. These events have also negatively impacted the liquidity of the digital assets markets as certain entities affiliated with FTX engaged in significant trading activity. If the liquidity of the digital assets markets continues to be negatively impacted by these events, digital asset prices (including the price of Bitcoin) may continue to experience significant volatility and confidence in the digital asset markets may be further undermined. These events are continuing to develop and it is not possible to predict at this time all of the risks that they may pose to us, our service providers or on the digital asset industry as a whole. A perceived lack of stability in the digital asset exchange market and the closure or temporary shutdown of digital asset exchanges due to business failure, hackers or malware, government-mandated regulation, or fraud, may reduce confidence in digital asset networks and result in greater volatility in cryptocurrency values.

We had no direct and material exposure to FTX or any of the above-mentioned cryptocurrency companies. We will not have material assets that may not be recovered or may otherwise be lost or misappropriated due to the bankruptcies. However, the failure or insolvency of large exchanges and key institutions in the cryptocurrency asset industry like FTX may cause the price of Bitcoin to fall and decrease confidence in the ecosystem, which could adversely affect an investment in us. Such volatility and decrease in Bitcoin price have had a material and adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition and we expect our results of operations to continue to be affected by the Bitcoin price as all our revenue has been from Bitcoin mining production. In particular, our production in November 2022 was negatively affected by the strong volatility of the Bitcoin price. As a result, we scaled down our operations to cut down costs. In December 2022, due to high energy price and the Georgia site’s weak condition in general, SonicHash US suspended the operation of the miners in the Georgia site and shipped 1,490 miners that were deployed in the Georgia site to the mining facility in Marion, Indiana and were deployed since January 2023. In addition, in December 2022, we reached an agreement with Your Choice 4 CA, Inc., the host of the mining facility in Marion, Indiana, that the hosting fee is adjusted to equal to the sum of (i) the electricity cost of the mining activities and (ii) 50% of SonicHash US’s profit generated from the Indiana site, i.e., the difference of the market price of the Bitcoins mined from the Indiana site and the electricity cost. The market price of the Bitcoins is the daily Bitcoin closing price available at CoinMarketCap.com as of the day immediately prior to the day that we receive the electricity bill. The new fee structure has decreased our cost significantly in December 2022. We will continue adjusting our short-term strategy to optimize our operating efficiency in the current dynamic market conditions. We cannot assure that the Bitcoin price will remain high enough to sustain our operation or that the Bitcoin price will not decline significantly in the future. Fluctuations in the Bitcoin price have had and are expected to continue to have an immediate impact on the trading price of our ordinary shares even before our financial performance is affected, if at all. To the extent investors view our ordinary shares as linked to the value of our bitcoin holdings, these potential consequences of a Bitcoin trading venue’s failure could have a material adverse effect on the market value of our ordinary shares.

In addition, novel or unique assets such as Bitcoin and other digital assets may be classified as securities if they meet the definition of investment contracts under U.S. law. In recent years, the offer and sale of digital assets other than Bitcoin, most notably Kik Interactive Inc.’s Kin tokens and Telegram Group Inc.’s TON tokens, have been deemed to be investment contracts by the SEC. While we believe that Bitcoin is unlikely to be considered an investment contract, and thus a security under the investment contract definition, we cannot provide any assurances that digital assets that we mine or otherwise acquire or hold for our own account, including Bitcoin, will never be classified as securities under U.S. law. This would obligate us to comply with registration and other requirements by the SEC and, therefore, cause us to incur significant, non-recurring expenses, thereby materially and adversely impacting an investment in the Company.

Moreover, current IRS guidance indicates that for U.S. federal income tax purposes digital assets such as Bitcoins should be treated and taxed as property, and that transactions involving the payment of Bitcoins for goods and services should be treated in effect as barter transactions. The IRS has also released guidance to the effect that, under certain circumstances, hard forks of digital currencies are taxable events giving rise to taxable income and guidance with respect to the determination of the tax basis of digital currency. However, current IRS guidance does not address other significant aspects of the U.S. federal income tax treatment of digital assets and related transactions. There continues to be uncertainty with respect to the timing and amount of income inclusions for various crypto asset transactions, including, but not limited to, staking rewards and other crypto asset incentives and rewards products. While current IRS guidance creates a potential tax reporting requirement for any circumstance where the ownership of a Bitcoin passes from one person to another, it preserves the right to apply capital gains treatment to those transactions, which is generally favorable for investors in Bitcoin.

There can be no assurance that the IRS will not alter its existing position with respect to digital assets in the future or that other state, local and non-U.S. taxing authorities or courts will follow the approach of the IRS with respect to the treatment of digital assets such as Bitcoins for income tax and sales tax purposes. Any such alteration of existing guidance or issuance of new or different guidance may have negative consequences including the imposition of a greater tax burden on investors in Bitcoin or imposing a greater cost on the acquisition and disposition of Bitcoin, generally; in either case potentially having a negative effect on the trading price of Bitcoin or otherwise negatively impacting our business. In addition, future technological and operational developments that may arise with respect to digital currencies may increase the uncertainty with respect to the treatment of digital currencies for U.S. federal income and applicable state, local and non-U.S. tax purposes.

Furthermore, on March 9, 2022, President Biden signed an executive order on cryptocurrencies. While the executive order did not mandate any specific regulations, it instructs various federal agencies to consider potential regulatory measures, including the evaluation of the creation of a U.S. Central Bank digital currency.

In addition, the Commodity Exchange Act, as amended (the “CEA”), does not currently impose any direct obligations on us related to the mining or exchange of Bitcoins. Generally, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”), the federal agency that administers the CEA, regards Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies as commodities. This position has been supported by decisions of federal courts.

However, the CEA imposes requirements relative to certain transactions involving Bitcoin and other digital assets that constitute a contract of sale of a commodity for future delivery (or an option on such a contract), a swap, or a transaction involving margin, financing or leverage that does not result in actual delivery of the commodity within 28 days to persons not defined as “eligible contract participants” or “eligible commercial entities” under the CEA (e.g., retail persons). Changes in the CEA or the regulations promulgated by the CFTC thereunder, as well as interpretations thereof and official promulgations by the CFTC, may impact the classification of Bitcoins and, therefore, may subject them to additional regulatory oversight by the agency. Although to date the CFTC has not enacted regulations governing non-derivative or non-financed, margined or leveraged transactions in Bitcoin, it has authority to commence enforcement actions against persons who violate certain prohibitions under the CEA related to transactions in any contract of sale of any commodity, including Bitcoin, in interstate commerce (e.g., manipulation and engaging in certain deceptive practices).

Furthermore, on September 16, 2022, the U.S. Department of the Treasury (Treasury), the Department of Justice (the DOJ), and other U.S. government agencies released eight reports (the “Reports”), including Action Plan to Address Illicit Financial Risks of Digital Assets issued by Treasury, Crypto-Assets: Implications for Consumers, Investors and Businesses issued by Treasury, The Future of Money and Payments issued by Treasury, Climate and Energy Implications of Crypto-Assets in the United States issued by the White House, Policy Objectives for a U.S. Central Bank Digital Currency System issued by the White House, Technical Evaluation for a U.S. Central Bank Digital Currency System issued by the White House, The Role of Law Enforcement in Directing, Investigating, and Prosecuting Criminal Activity Related to Digital Assets issued by the DOJ, and Responsible Advancement of US Competitiveness in Digital Assets issued by the U.S. Department of Commerce. The Reports were issued in response to White House Executive Order 14067 on Ensuring Responsible Development of Digital Assets, which calls for a whole-of-government alignment of the federal government’s approach to digital assets.

In December 2022, Senator Edward J. Markey, Chair of the Senate Environment and Public Works Subcommittee on Clean Air, Climate, and Nuclear Safety, and Representative Jared Huffman Senate introduced the Crypto-Asset Environmental Transparency Act. The legislation would require the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to conduct a comprehensive impact study of U.S. cryptomining activity and require the reporting of greenhouse gas emissions from cryptomining operations that consume more than 5 megawatts of power. If the bill is passed by both the Senate and the House and signed into law, mining facilities may be required to report greenhouse gas emissions and to obtain permits and the price to rent mining facilities may increase. If the price increase significantly and if we are not able to find alternative facilities with reasonable price acceptable to us, our operation will be disrupted and our results of operation will be negatively impact.

Corporate Information

Our principal executive offices are located at 27F, Samsung Hub, 3 Church Street Singapore 049483. The telephone number of our principal executive offices is 347-556-4747. Our registered office in the Cayman Islands is provided by McGrath Tonner Corporate Services Limited and located at 5th Floor, Genesis Close, George Town, PO Box 446, Grand Cayman, KYl-1106, Cayman Islands. Our agent for service of process in the United States is Cogency Global Inc. located at 122 East 42nd Street, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10168. Our corporate website is http://bitorigin.io/. The information contained in our website is not a part of this prospectus.

The SEC maintains an internet site at http://www.sec.gov that contains reports, information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC.

Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company

We qualify as and elect to be an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act. An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other burdens that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. These provisions include, but not limited to:

We will remain an “emerging growth company” until the earliest to occur of (i) the last day of the fiscal year (a) following the fifth anniversary of the closing of the Business Combination, (b) in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.235 billion or (c) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of equity securities held by our non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of our prior second fiscal quarter, and (ii) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three-year period.

Implication of Being a Foreign Private Issuer

We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). As such, we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to United States domestic public companies. For example:

RISK FACTORS

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully review the risks and uncertainties described under the heading “Risk Factors” contained in any applicable prospectus supplement and under similar headings in our most recent annual report on Form 20-F as updated by our subsequent filings, some of which are incorporated by reference into this prospectus, before deciding whether to purchase any of the securities being registered pursuant to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. Each of the risk factors could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows, as well as adversely affect the value of an investment in our securities, and the occurrence of any of these risks might cause you to lose all or part of your investment. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial may also significantly impair our business operations. For more information, see “Where You Can Find Additional Information” and “Incorporation of Documents by Reference.”

OFFER AND LISTING DETAILS

We may sell from time to time pursuant to this prospectus (as may be detailed in a prospectus supplement), in one or more offerings, ordinary shares, share purchase contracts, share purchase units, warrants, debt securities, rights or units, either individually or in combination, as shall have a maximum aggregate offering price of up to $50,000,000. The actual price per share or per security of the securities that we will offer pursuant hereto will depend on a number of factors that may be relevant as of the time of offer. See “Plan of Distribution.”

CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTNESS

Our capitalization will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement or in a report on Form 6-K subsequently furnished to the SEC and specifically incorporated by reference into this prospectus.

DILUTION

If required, we will set forth in a prospectus supplement the following information regarding any material dilution of the equity interests of investors purchasing securities in an offering under this prospectus:

USE OF PROCEEDS

We intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of securities we offer as indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, information incorporated by reference, or free writing prospectus.

DESCRIPTION OF ORDINARY SHARES

The following are summaries of the material provisions of our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association and the Cayman Islands Companies Act (Revised) of the Cayman Islands, as amended (the “Cayman Islands Companies Act”), insofar as they relate to the material terms of our ordinary shares. Copies of our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association are filed as exhibits to the most recent annual report on Form 20-F, which is incorporated by reference in this prospectus.

General

Bit Origin Ltd was incorporated on January 23, 2018 under the Cayman Islands Companies Act. As of the date of this prospectus, under our second amended and restated memorandum of association, we are authorized to issue 10,000,000 ordinary shares with a par value of $0.30 each. As of November 8, 2023, there were 3,394,261 ordinary shares issued and outstanding.

Each ordinary share in the Company confers upon the shareholder:

Distributions

The holders of our ordinary shares are entitled to such dividends or other distributions out of our funds which are lawfully available for that purpose, as may be recommended by the board and authorized by the board or the shareholders subject to the Cayman Islands Companies Act and our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association.

Shareholders’ voting rights

At each general meeting, each shareholder who is present in person or by proxy (or, in the case of a shareholder being a corporation, by its duly authorized representative) will have one vote for each ordinary share which such shareholder holds. An Ordinary Resolution in writing or Special Resolution in writing (subject to the provisions of the Cayman Islands Companies Act) signed by all shareholders who are at the time entitled to receive notice of, attend and vote at general meetings shall be as valid and effective as if the same had been passed at a general meeting of the Company duly convened and held.

Election of directors

We may appoint directors by a resolution of shareholders passed by a simple majority of the votes at a general meeting, by a written resolutions signed by all of the shareholders, or by resolution of the directors.

General Meetings

Any of our directors may convene a general meeting whenever they think fit. We must provide at least seven days’ written notice (exclusive of the day on which the notice is served or deemed to be served, but inclusive of the day for which the notice is given) of all general meetings, stating the date, time, place of the general meeting and, in the case of special business, a description of the general nature of that business, to shareholders whose names appear as shareholders in the register of members on the date of the notice and are entitled to vote at the meeting. With the consent of the shareholders, general meetings may be convened on such shorter notice or without notice and in such manner as the shareholders may think fit.

Our board of directors must convene a general meeting within 21 days of receiving the written requisition of one or more shareholders holding at least one-tenth of the total paid-up capital of the Company entitled to vote. If the directors fail to convene a meeting within 21 days, shareholders holding at least one tenth of the total paid up capital entitled to vote may convene a general meeting to be held at a convenient place within the Cayman Islands at a time of their choosing, subject to the notice requirements set out in our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association.

No business may be transacted at any general meeting unless a quorum is present at the time the meeting proceeds to business. One or more shareholders holding in the aggregate not less than one-third of the total issue share capital of the Company present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote shall be a quorum. If, within half an hour from the time appointed for the meeting, a quorum is not present, the meeting, if convened upon the requisition of shareholders, shall be dissolved. In any other case, it shall stand adjourned to the same day in the next week, at the same time and place and if, at the adjourned meeting, a quorum is not present within half an hour from the time appointed for the meeting, the shareholders present shall be a quorum and may transact the business for which the meeting was called.

If present, the chair of our board of directors shall be the chair presiding at any general meeting .If there is no such chairman, he is unwilling to act, or he is not present within 15 minutes of the time at which the general meeting is scheduled to begin, the shareholders present shall choose one of their number to be chairman.

A corporation that is a shareholder shall be deemed for the purposes of our articles of association to be present at a general meeting in person if represented by its duly authorized representative. This duly authorized representative shall be entitled to exercise the same powers on behalf of the corporation which he represents as that corporation could exercise if it were our individual shareholder.

Meeting of directors

The management of our company is entrusted to our board of directors, who will make decisions by voting on resolutions of directors. Our directors are free to meet at such times and in such manner and places within or outside the Cayman Islands as the directors determine to be necessary or desirable. A director must be given not less than 5 days’ notice of a meeting of directors. At any meeting of directors, a quorum will be present if at least two directors are present. If there is a sole director, that director shall be a quorum. An action that may be taken by the directors at a meeting may also be taken by a unanimous written resolution of the directors.

Protection of minority shareholders

We would normally expect Cayman Islands courts to follow English case law precedents, which would permit a minority shareholder to commence a representative action, or derivative actions in our name, to challenge (1) , subject to the terms of our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, an act which is ultra vires, (2) an act which constitutes a fraud against the minority by parties which are in control of us, (3) the act complained of constitutes an infringement of individual rights of a minority shareholder (such as the right to vote and pre-emptive rights), and (4) an irregularity in the passing of a resolution which requires a special majority of the shareholders.

Pre-emptive rights

There are no pre-emptive rights applicable to the issue by us of new shares under either Cayman Islands law or our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association.

Transfer of ordinary shares

Subject to the restrictions in our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association and applicable securities laws, any of our shareholders may transfer all or any of his or her ordinary shares by written instrument of transfer signed by the transferor and containing the name of the transferee. Our board of directors may, in their absolute discretion, decline to register the transfer of any ordinary share without giving any reason. If the directors refuse to register a transfer of Shares, they shall provide the transferee with written notice of the refusal within one month of the date on which the transfer lodged with the Company.

Winding up

If we are wound up and the assets available for distribution among our shareholders are more than sufficient to repay the whole of the paid up capital at the commencement of the winding up, the excess shall be distributable pari passu among those shareholders in proportion to the capital paid up at the commencement of the winding up on the shares held by them, respectively. If we are wound up and the assets available for distribution among the shareholders as such are insufficient to repay the whole of the paid up capital, those assets shall be distributed so that, to the greatest extent possible, the losses shall be borne by the shareholders in proportion to the capital paid up at the commencement of the winding up on the shares held by them, respectively. If we are wound up, the liquidator may with the sanction of a special resolution and any other sanction required by the Cayman Islands Companies Act , divide among our shareholders in specie or kind the whole or any part of our assets (whether they shall consist of property of the same kind or not), and may, for such purpose, set such value as the liquidator deems fair upon any property to be divided and may determine how such division shall be carried out as between the shareholders or different classes of shareholders.

The liquidator may also vest the whole or any part of these assets in trusts for the benefit of the shareholders as the liquidator shall think fit, but so that no shareholder will be compelled to accept any assets, shares or other securities upon which there is a liability.

Calls on ordinary shares and forfeiture of ordinary shares

Our board of directors may from time to time make calls upon shareholders for any amounts unpaid on their ordinary shares in a notice served to such shareholders at least 14 days prior to the specified time of payment. Holders of ordinary shares that have been called upon and remain unpaid shall pay interest at the rate of 6 per cent per annum from the day appointed for the payment thereof to the time of the actual payment and such ordinary shares are subject to forfeiture.

Repurchase of ordinary shares

We are empowered by the Cayman Islands Companies Act and our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association to purchase our own shares, subject to certain restrictions and requirements. Subject to the Cayman Islands Companies Act , our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association and to any applicable requirements imposed from time to time by the Nasdaq, the Securities and Exchange Commission, or by any other recognized stock exchange on which our securities are listed, we may purchase our own Shares, including any redeemable ordinary shares, provided that the manner of purchase has first been authorized by a resolution of shareholders passed at a general meeting by a simple majority of the votes, by a written resolution signed by all of the shareholders or by resolution of the directors and may make payment therefor or for any redemption of ordinary shares in any manner authorized by the Cayman Islands Companies Act, including out of capital. Under the Cayman Islands Companies Act , the repurchase of any share may be paid out of our company’s profits or out of the proceeds of a fresh issue of shares made for the purpose of such repurchase, or out of capital (including share premium account and capital redemption reserve). If the repurchase proceeds are paid out of our company’s capital, our company must, immediately following such payment, be able to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. In addition, under the Cayman Islands Companies Act no such share may be repurchased (1) unless it is fully paid up, (2) if such repurchase would result in there being no shares outstanding, or (3) if the company is being wound up and: (a) the terms of the repurchase provided for it to take place after the commencement of the winding up; or (b) during the period beginning on the date when the repurchase was to have taken place and ending with the commencement of the shares were to have been repurchased. In addition, under the Cayman Islands Companies Act , our company may accept the surrender of any fully paid share for no consideration unless, as a result of the surrender, the surrender would result in there being no shares outstanding (other than shares held as treasury shares).

Changes in the number of shares we are authorized to issue and those in issue

We may from time to time by resolution of shareholders passed at a general meeting by a simple majority of the votes or by a written resolution signed by all of the shareholders:

Inspection of books and records

Holders of our ordinary shares will have no general right under Cayman Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list of shareholders or our corporate records. However, we will provide our shareholders with annual audited financial statements. See “Where You Can Find Additional Information.”

Rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders

There are no limitations imposed by our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association on the rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on our shares. In addition, there are no provisions in our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association governing the ownership threshold above which shareholder ownership must be disclosed.

Issuance of additional ordinary shares

Our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association authorizes our board of directors to issue additional ordinary shares from authorized but unissued shares, to the extent available, from time to time as our board of directors shall determine.

Listing

Our ordinary shares are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “BTOG”. On November 15, 2023, the last reported sale price per share for our ordinary shares on the Nasdaq Capital Market as reported was $2.60.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

The transfer agent and registrar for our ordinary shares is Securities Transfer Corporation, 2901 N Dallas Parkway, Suite 380, Plano, Texas 75093.

DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS

The following description, together with the additional information we may include in any applicable prospectus supplements, summarizes the material terms and provisions of the warrants that we may offer under this prospectus and the related warrant agreements and warrant certificates. While the terms summarized below will apply generally to any warrants that we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any series of warrants that we may offer in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. If we indicate in the prospectus supplement, the terms of any warrants offered under that prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below. However, no prospectus supplement shall fundamentally change the terms that are set forth in this prospectus or offer a security that is not registered and described in this prospectus at the time of its effectiveness. Specific warrant agreements will contain additional important terms and provisions and will be incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the registration statement that includes this prospectus or as an exhibit to a report filed under the Exchange Act.

General

We may issue warrants that entitle the holder to purchase ordinary shares, debt securities or any combination thereof. We may issue warrants independently or together with ordinary shares, debt securities or any combination thereof, and the warrants may be attached to or separate from these securities.

We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms of the series of warrants, including:

Before exercising their warrants, holders of warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the securities purchasable upon such exercise, including:

Exercise of Warrants

Each warrant will entitle the holder to purchase the securities that we specify in the applicable prospectus supplement at the exercise price that we describe in the applicable prospectus supplement. Unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants at any time up to the specified time on the expiration date that we set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, unexercised warrants will become void.

Holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants by delivering the warrant certificate representing the warrants to be exercised together with specified information, and paying the required amount to the warrant agent in immediately available funds, as provided in the applicable prospectus supplement. We will set forth on the reverse side of the warrant certificate and in the applicable prospectus supplement the information that the holder of the warrant will be required to deliver to the warrant agent.

Upon receipt of the required payment and the warrant certificate properly completed and duly executed at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will issue and deliver the securities purchasable upon such exercise. If fewer than all of the warrants represented by the warrant certificate are exercised, then we will issue a new warrant certificate for the remaining amount of warrants. If we so indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the warrants may surrender securities as all or part of the exercise price for warrants.

Enforceability of Rights by Holders of Warrants

Each warrant agent will act solely as our agent under the applicable warrant agreement and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust with any holder of any warrant. A single bank or trust company may act as warrant agent for more than one issue of warrants. A warrant agent will have no duty or responsibility in case of any default by us under the applicable warrant agreement or warrant, including any duty or responsibility to initiate any proceedings at law or otherwise, or to make any demand upon us. Any holder of a warrant may, without the consent of the related warrant agent or the holder of any other warrant, enforce by appropriate legal action its right to exercise, and receive the securities purchasable upon exercise of, its warrants.

Warrant Agreement Will Not Be Qualified Under Trust Indenture Act

No warrant agreement will be qualified as an indenture, and no warrant agent will be required to qualify as a trustee, under the Trust Indenture Act. Therefore, holders of warrants issued under a warrant agreement will not have the protection of the Trust Indenture Act with respect to their warrants.

Modification of the Warrant Agreement

The warrant agreements may permit us and the warrant agent, if any, without the consent of the warrant holders, to supplement or amend the agreement in the following circumstances:

DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES

As used in this prospectus, debt securities mean the debentures, notes, bonds and other evidences of indebtedness that we may issue from time to time. The debt securities may be either secured or unsecured and will either be senior debt securities or subordinated debt securities. The debt securities will be issued under one or more separate indentures between us and a trustee to be specified in an accompanying prospectus supplement. Senior debt securities will be issued under a new senior indenture. Subordinated debt securities will be issued under a subordinated indenture. Together, the senior indentures and the subordinated indentures are sometimes referred to in this prospectus as the indentures. This prospectus, together with the applicable prospectus supplement, will describe the terms of a particular series of debt securities.

The statements and descriptions in this prospectus or in any prospectus supplement regarding provisions of the indentures and debt securities are summaries thereof, do not purport to be complete and are subject to, and are qualified in their entirety by reference to, all of the provisions of the indentures (and any amendments or supplements we may enter into from time to time which are permitted under each indenture) and the debt securities, including the definitions therein of certain terms.

General

Unless otherwise specified in a prospectus supplement, the debt securities will be direct unsecured obligations of Bit Origin Ltd. The senior debt securities will rank equally with any of our other senior and unsubordinated debt. The subordinated debt securities will be subordinate and junior in right of payment to any senior indebtedness.

Unless otherwise specified in a prospectus supplement, the indentures do not limit the aggregate principal amount of debt securities that we may issue and provide that we may issue debt securities from time to time at par or at a discount, and in the case of the new indentures, if any, in one or more series, with the same or various maturities. Unless indicated in a prospectus supplement, we may issue additional debt securities of a particular series without the consent of the holders of the debt securities of such series outstanding at the time of the issuance. Any such additional debt securities, together with all other outstanding debt securities of that series, will constitute a single series of debt securities under the applicable indenture.

Each prospectus supplement will describe the terms relating to the specific series of debt securities being offered. These terms will include some or all of the following:

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, the debt securities will not be listed on any securities exchange and will be issued in fully-registered form without coupons.

Debt securities may be sold at a substantial discount below their stated principal amount, bearing no interest or interest at a rate which at the time of issuance is below market rates. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the federal income tax consequences and special considerations applicable to any such debt securities. The debt securities may also be issued as indexed securities or securities denominated in foreign currencies, currency units or composite currencies, as described in more detail in the prospectus supplement relating to any of the particular debt securities. The prospectus supplement relating to specific debt securities will also describe any special considerations and certain additional tax considerations applicable to such debt securities.

Subordination

The prospectus supplement relating to any offering of subordinated debt securities will describe the specific subordination provisions. However, unless otherwise noted in the prospectus supplement, subordinated debt securities will be subordinate and junior in right of payment to any existing senior indebtedness.

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, under the subordinated indenture, “senior indebtedness” means all amounts due on obligations in connection with any of the following, whether outstanding at the date of execution of the subordinated indenture, or thereafter incurred or created:

However, senior indebtedness does not include:

Senior indebtedness shall continue to be senior indebtedness and be entitled to the benefits of the subordination provisions irrespective of any amendment, modification or waiver of any term of such senior indebtedness.

Unless otherwise noted in an accompanying prospectus supplement, if we default in the payment of any principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any senior indebtedness when it becomes due and payable, whether at maturity or at a date fixed for prepayment or by declaration or otherwise, then, unless and until such default is cured or waived or ceases to exist, we will make no direct or indirect payment (in cash, property, securities, by set-off or otherwise) in respect of the principal of or interest on the subordinated debt securities or in respect of any redemption, retirement, purchase or other requisition of any of the subordinated debt securities.

In the event of the acceleration of the maturity of any subordinated debt securities, the holders of all senior debt securities outstanding at the time of such acceleration, subject to any security interest, will first be entitled to receive payment in full of all amounts due on the senior debt securities before the holders of the subordinated debt securities will be entitled to receive any payment of principal (and premium, if any) or interest on the subordinated debt securities.

If any of the following events occurs, we will pay in full all senior indebtedness before we make any payment or distribution under the subordinated debt securities, whether in cash, securities or other property, to any holder of subordinated debt securities:

In such event, any payment or distribution under the subordinated debt securities, whether in cash, securities or other property, which would otherwise (but for the subordination provisions) be payable or deliverable in respect of the subordinated debt securities, will be paid or delivered directly to the holders of senior indebtedness in accordance with the priorities then existing among such holders until all senior indebtedness has been paid in full. If any payment or distribution under the subordinated debt securities is received by the trustee of any subordinated debt securities in contravention of any of the terms of the subordinated indenture and before all the senior indebtedness has been paid in full, such payment or distribution will be received in trust for the benefit of, and paid over or delivered and transferred to, the holders of the senior indebtedness at the time outstanding in accordance with the priorities then existing among such holders for application to the payment of all senior indebtedness remaining unpaid to the extent necessary to pay all such senior indebtedness in full.

The subordinated indenture does not limit the issuance of additional senior indebtedness.

Events of Default, Notice and Waiver

Unless an accompanying prospectus supplement states otherwise, the following shall constitute “events of default” under the indentures with respect to each series of debt securities:

Unless an accompanying prospectus supplement states otherwise, if an event of default with respect to any debt securities of any series outstanding under either of the indentures shall occur and be continuing, the trustee under such indenture or the holders of at least 25% (or at least 10%, in respect of a remedy (other than acceleration) for certain events of default relating to the payment of dividends) in aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of that series outstanding may declare, by notice as provided in the applicable indenture, the principal amount (or such lesser amount as may be provided for in the debt securities of that series) of all the debt securities of that series outstanding to be due and payable immediately; provided that, in the case of an event of default involving certain events in bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization, acceleration is automatic; and, provided further, that after such acceleration, but before a judgment or decree based on acceleration, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series may, under certain circumstances, rescind and annul such acceleration if all events of default, other than the nonpayment of accelerated principal, have been cured or waived. Upon the acceleration of the maturity of original issue discount securities, an amount less than the principal amount thereof will become due and payable. Reference is made to the prospectus supplement relating to any original issue discount securities for the particular provisions relating to acceleration of maturity thereof.

Any past default under either indenture with respect to debt securities of any series, and any event of default arising therefrom, may be waived by the holders of a majority in principal amount of all debt securities of such series outstanding under such indenture, except in the case of (1) default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any debt securities of such series or (2) certain events of default relating to the payment of dividends.

The trustee is required within 90 days after the occurrence of a default (which is known to the trustee and is continuing), with respect to the debt securities of any series (without regard to any grace period or notice requirements), to give to the holders of the debt securities of such series notice of such default.

The trustee, subject to its duties during default to act with the required standard of care, may require indemnification by the holders of the debt securities of any series with respect to which a default has occurred before proceeding to exercise any right or power under the indentures at the request of the holders of the debt securities of such series. Subject to such right of indemnification and to certain other limitations, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series under either indenture may direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee with respect to the debt securities of such series, provided that such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with the applicable indenture and the trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction.

No holder of a debt security of any series may institute any action against us under either of the indentures (except actions for payment of overdue principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on such debt security or for the conversion or exchange of such debt security in accordance with its terms) unless (1) the holder has given to the trustee written notice of an event of default and of the continuance thereof with respect to the debt securities of such series specifying an event of default, as required under the applicable indenture, (2) the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of that series then outstanding under such indenture shall have requested the trustee to institute such action and offered to the trustee indemnity reasonably satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such request; (3) the trustee shall not have instituted such action within 60 days of such request and (4) no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to the trustee during such 60-day period by the holders of a majority in principal amount of the debt securities of that series. We are required to furnish annually to the trustee statements as to our compliance with all conditions and covenants under each indenture.

Discharge, Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance

We may discharge or defease our obligations under the indenture as set forth below, unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement.

We may discharge certain obligations to holders of any series of debt securities issued under either the senior indenture or the subordinated indenture which have not already been delivered to the trustee for cancellation by irrevocably depositing with the trustee money in an amount sufficient to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness on such debt securities not previously delivered to the trustee for cancellation, for principal and any premium and interest to the date of such deposit (in the case of debt securities which have become due and payable) or to the stated maturity or redemption date, as the case may be, and we or, if applicable, any guarantor, have paid all other sums payable under the applicable indenture.

If indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we may elect either (1) to defease and be discharged from any and all obligations with respect to the debt securities of or within any series (except in all cases as otherwise provided in the relevant indenture) (“legal defeasance”) or (2) to be released from our obligations with respect to certain covenants applicable to the debt securities of or within any series (“covenant defeasance”), upon the deposit with the relevant indenture trustee, in trust for such purpose, of money and/or government obligations which through the payment of principal and interest in accordance with their terms will provide money in an amount sufficient to pay the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on such debt securities to maturity or redemption, as the case may be, and any mandatory sinking fund or analogous payments thereon. As a condition to legal defeasance or covenant defeasance, we must deliver to the trustee an opinion of counsel to the effect that the holders of such debt securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such legal defeasance or covenant defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such legal defeasance or covenant defeasance had not occurred. Such opinion of counsel, in the case of legal defeasance under clause (i) above, must refer to and be based upon a ruling of the Internal Revenue Service or a change in applicable federal income tax law occurring after the date of the relevant indenture. In addition, in the case of either legal defeasance or covenant defeasance, we shall have delivered to the trustee (1) if applicable, an officer’s certificate to the effect that the relevant debt securities exchange(s) have informed us that neither such debt securities nor any other debt securities of the same series, if then listed on any securities exchange, will be delisted as a result of such deposit and (2) an officer’s certificate and an opinion of counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent with respect to such legal defeasance or covenant defeasance have been complied with.

We may exercise our defeasance option with respect to such debt securities notwithstanding our prior exercise of our covenant defeasance option.

Modification and Waiver

Under the indentures, unless an accompanying prospectus supplement states otherwise, we and the applicable trustee may supplement the indentures for certain purposes which would not materially adversely affect the interests or rights of the holders of debt securities of a series without the consent of those holders. We and the applicable trustee may also modify the indentures or any supplemental indenture in a manner that affects the interests or rights of the holders of debt securities with the consent of the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each affected series issued under the indenture. However, the indentures require the consent of each holder of debt securities that would be affected by any modification which would:

The indentures permit the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series issued under the indenture which is affected by the modification or amendment to waive our compliance with certain covenants contained in the indentures.

Payment and Paying Agents

Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, payment of interest on a debt security on any interest payment date will be made to the person in whose name a debt security is registered at the close of business on the record date for the interest.

Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, principal, interest and premium on the debt securities of a particular series will be payable at the office of such paying agent or paying agents as we may designate for such purpose from time to time. Notwithstanding the foregoing, at our option, payment of any interest may be made by check mailed to the address of the person entitled thereto as such address appears in the security register.

Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, a paying agent designated by us will act as paying agent for payments with respect to debt securities of each series. All paying agents initially designated by us for the debt securities of a particular series will be named in the applicable prospectus supplement. We may at any time designate additional paying agents or rescind the designation of any paying agent or approve a change in the office through which any paying agent acts, except that we will be required to maintain a paying agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of a particular series.

All moneys paid by us to a paying agent for the payment of the principal, interest or premium on any debt security which remain unclaimed at the end of two years after such principal, interest or premium has become due and payable will be repaid to us upon request, and the holder of such debt security thereafter may look only to us for payment thereof.

Denominations, Registrations and Transfer

Unless an accompanying prospectus supplement states otherwise, debt securities will be represented by one or more global certificates registered in the name of a nominee for The Depository Trust Company, or DTC. In such case, each holder’s beneficial interest in the global securities will be shown on the records of DTC and transfers of beneficial interests will only be effected through DTC’s records.

A holder of debt securities may only exchange a beneficial interest in a global security for certificated securities registered in the holder’s name if:

If debt securities are issued in certificated form, they will only be issued in the minimum denomination specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement and integral multiples of such denomination. Transfers and exchanges of such debt securities will only be permitted in such minimum denomination. Transfers of debt securities in certificated form may be registered at the trustee’s corporate office or at the offices of any paying agent or trustee appointed by us under the indentures. Exchanges of debt securities for an equal aggregate principal amount of debt securities in different denominations may also be made at such locations.

Governing Law

The indentures and debt securities will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York, without regard to its principles of conflicts of laws, except to the extent the Trust Indenture Act is applicable or as otherwise agreed to by the parties thereto.

Trustee

The trustee or trustees under the indentures will be named in any applicable prospectus supplement.

Conversion or Exchange Rights

The prospectus supplement will describe the terms, if any, on which a series of debt securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for our ordinary shares or other debt securities. These terms will include provisions as to whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our option. These provisions may allow or require the number of shares of our ordinary shares or other securities to be received by the holders of such series of debt securities to be adjusted. Any such conversion or exchange will comply with applicable Cayman Islands law and our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association.

DESCRIPTION OF UNITS

We may issue units comprising one or more of the other securities described in this prospectus in any combination. Each unit will be issued so that the holder of the unit is also the holder of each security included in the unit. Thus, the holder of a unit will have the rights and obligations of a holder of each included security. The unit agreement under which a unit is issued may provide that the securities included in the unit may not be held or transferred separately, at any time or at any time before a specified date or occurrence.

The applicable prospectus supplement may describe:

The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of any units. The preceding description and any description of units in the applicable prospectus supplement does not purport to be complete and is subject to and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the unit agreement and, if applicable, collateral arrangements and depository arrangements relating to such units.

DESCRIPTION OF SHARE PURCHASE CONTRACTS AND SHARE PURCHASE UNITS

We may issue share purchase contracts, including contracts obligating holders to purchase from us, and obligating us to sell to the holders, a specified number of ordinary shares or other securities registered hereunder at a future date or dates, which we refer to in this prospectus as “share purchase contracts.” The price per share of the securities and the number of shares of the securities may be fixed at the time the share purchase contracts are issued or may be determined by reference to a specific formula set forth in the share purchase contracts.

The share purchase contracts may be issued separately or as part of units consisting of a share purchase contract and debt securities, warrants, other securities registered hereunder, which we refer to herein as “share purchase units.” The share purchase contracts may require holders to secure their obligations under the share purchase contracts in a specified manner. The share purchase contracts also may require us to make periodic payments to the holders of the share purchase units or vice versa, and those payments may be unsecured or refunded on some basis.

The share purchase contracts, and, if applicable, collateral or depositary arrangements, relating to the share purchase contracts or share purchase units, will be filed with the SEC in connection with the offering of share purchase contracts or share purchase units. The prospectus supplement relating to a particular issue of share purchase contracts or share purchase units will describe the terms of those share purchase contracts or share purchase units, including the following:

DESCRIPTION OF RIGHTS

We may issue rights to purchase ordinary shares that we may offer to our securityholders. The rights may or may not be transferable by the persons purchasing or receiving the rights. In connection with any rights offering, we may enter into a standby underwriting or other arrangement with one or more underwriters or other persons pursuant to which such underwriters or other persons would purchase any offered securities remaining unsubscribed for after such rights offering. Each series of rights will be issued under a separate rights agent agreement to be entered into between us and a bank or trust company, as rights agent, that we will name in the applicable prospectus supplement. The rights agent will act solely as our agent in connection with the rights and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for or with any holders of rights certificates or beneficial owners of rights.

The prospectus supplement relating to any rights that we offer will include specific terms relating to the offering, including, among other matters:

Each right would entitle the holder of the rights to purchase for cash the principal amount of debt securities or ordinary shares at the exercise price set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. Rights may be exercised at any time up to the close of business on the expiration date for the rights provided in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, all unexercised rights will become void.

If less than all of the rights issued in any rights offering are exercised, we may offer any unsubscribed securities directly to persons other than our security holders, to or through agents, underwriters or dealers or through a combination of such methods, including pursuant to standby arrangements, as described in the applicable prospectus supplement.

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

We may sell the securities described in this prospectus through underwriters or dealers, through agents, or directly to one or more purchasers or through a combination of these methods. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of the offering of the securities, including:

We may distribute the securities from time to time in one or more transactions at:

Only underwriters named in the prospectus supplement will be underwriters of the securities offered by the prospectus supplement.

If we use underwriters in the sale, the underwriters will either acquire the securities for their own account and may resell the securities from time to time in one or more transactions at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale, or sell the Shares on a “best efforts, minimum/maximum basis” when the underwriters agree to do their best to sell the securities to the public. We may offer the securities to the public through underwriting syndicates represented by managing underwriters or by underwriters without a syndicate. Any public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or re-allowed or paid to dealers may change from time to time.

If we use a dealer in the sale of the securities being offered pursuant to this prospectus or any prospectus supplement, the securities will be sold directly to the dealer, as principal. The dealer may then resell the securities to the public at varying prices to be determined by the dealer at the time of resale.

Our ordinary shares are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Unless otherwise specified in the related prospectus supplement, all securities we offer, other than ordinary shares, will be new issues of securities with no established trading market. Any underwriter may make a market in these securities, but will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. We may apply to list any series of warrants or other securities that we offer on an exchange, but we are not obligated to do so. Therefore, there may not be liquidity or a trading market for any series of securities.

We may sell the securities directly or through agents we designate from time to time. We will name any agent involved in the offering and sale of securities and we will describe any commissions we may pay the agent in the applicable prospectus supplement.

We may authorize agents or underwriters to solicit offers by institutional investors to purchase securities from us at the public offering price set forth in the prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. We will describe the conditions to these contracts and the commissions we must pay for solicitation of these contracts in the applicable prospectus supplement.

In connection with the sale of the securities, underwriters, dealers or agents may receive compensation from us or from purchasers of the securities for whom they act as agents in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions. Underwriters may sell the securities to or through dealers, and those dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters or commissions from the purchasers for whom they may act as agents. Underwriters, dealers and agents that participate in the distribution of the securities, and any institutional investors or others that purchase securities directly and then resell the securities, may be deemed to be underwriters, and any discounts or commissions received by them from us and any profit on the resale of the securities by them may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act.

TAXATION

Cayman Islands Taxation

The Cayman Islands currently levies no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciation and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty. There are no other taxes likely to be material to us levied by the government of the Cayman Islands except for stamp duties which may be applicable on instruments executed in, or after execution brought within the jurisdiction of the Cayman Islands. The Cayman Islands is not party to any double tax treaties that are applicable to any payments made to or by our company. There are no exchange control regulations or currency restrictions in the Cayman Islands.

Payments of dividends and capital in respect of the shares will not be subject to taxation in the Cayman Islands and no withholding will be required on the payment of a dividend or capital to any holder of the shares, nor will gains derived from the disposal of the shares be subject to Cayman Islands income or corporation tax.

No stamp duty is payable in the Cayman Islands in respect of the issue of the shares or on an instrument of transfer in respect of a share, except that stamp duty will be payable on an instrument of transfer if it is executed in, or an original copy or brought into, the Cayman islands.

United States Federal Income Tax Considerations

Information regarding United States Federal Income Tax Considerations is set forth under the heading “10.E. Taxation - United States Federal Income Tax Considerations” in our most recent annual report on Form 20-F, which is incorporated in this prospectus by reference, as updated by our subsequent filings under the Exchange Act.

EXPENSES

The following table sets forth the estimated costs and expenses, other than underwriting discounts and commissions, payable by us in connection with the offering of the securities being registered. All the amounts shown are estimates, except for the SEC registration fee.

MATERIAL CONTRACTS

Our material contracts are described in the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus. See “Incorporation of Documents by Reference” below.

MATERIAL CHANGES

Except as otherwise described in our most recent annual report on Form 20-F, in our Reports on Form 6-K furnished under the Exchange Act and incorporated by reference herein and as disclosed in this prospectus, no reportable material changes have occurred since June 30, 2023.

LEGAL MATTERS

We are being represented by Ortoli Rosenstadt LLP with respect to certain legal matters as to United States federal securities and New York State law. The legality and validity of the securities offered from time to time under this prospectus under the laws of the Cayman Islands was passed upon by Mourant Ozannes (Cayman) LLP. Ortoli Rosenstadt LLP may rely upon Mourant Ozannes (Cayman) LLP with respect to matters governed by Cayman Islands law.

If legal matters in connection with offerings made pursuant to this prospectus are passed upon by counsel to underwriters, dealers, or agents, such counsel will be named in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to any such offering.

EXPERTS

The consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, incorporated by reference in this prospectus have been so included in reliance on the report of WWC, P.C., an independent registered public accounting firm, given on their authority as experts in accounting and auditing. The office of WWC, P.C. is located at 2010 Pioneer Court, San Mateo, CA 94403.

INTERESTS OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL

No named expert of or counselor to us was employed on a contingent basis, or owns an amount of our shares (or those of our subsidiaries) which is material to that person, or has a material, direct or indirect economic interest in us or that depends on the success of the offering.

ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES

We are incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands as an exempted company with limited liability. We are incorporated in the Cayman Islands because of certain benefits associated with being a Cayman Islands entity, such as political and economic stability, an effective judicial system, a favorable tax system, the absence of exchange control or currency restrictions and the availability of professional and support services. However, the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to the United States and provides protections for investors to a lesser extent. In addition, Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to sue before the federal courts of the United States.

Substantially all of our assets are located in the United States. However, some of our directors and officers are nationals and/or residents of countries other than the United States, and all or a substantial portion of such persons’ assets are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to effect service of process within the United States upon such persons or to enforce against them, judgments obtained in United States courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state thereof.

We have appointed Cogency Global Inc. as our agent to receive service of process with respect to any action brought against us in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York under the federal securities laws of the United States or of any State of the United States or any action brought against us in the Supreme Court of the State of New York in the County of New York under the securities laws of the State of New York.

Mourant Ozannes (Cayman) LLP, our counsel as to the laws of the Cayman Islands, has advised us that there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the Cayman Islands would (1) recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts obtained against us or our directors or officers that are predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States or the securities laws of any state in the United States, or (2) entertain original actions brought in the Cayman Islands against us or our directors or officers that are predicated upon the federal securities laws of the United States or the securities laws of any state in the United States.

Mourant Ozannes (Cayman) LLP has informed us that although there is no statutory enforcement in the Cayman Islands of judgments obtained in the federal or state courts of the United States (and the Cayman Islands are not a party to any treaties for the reciprocal enforcement or recognition of such judgments), a judgment in personam obtained in such jurisdiction may be recognized and enforced in the courts of the Cayman Islands at common law, without any re-examination of the merits of the underlying dispute, by an action commenced on the foreign judgment debt in the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands, provided such judgment (a) is given by a competent foreign court with jurisdiction to give the judgment, (b) imposes a specific positive obligation on the judgment debtor (such as an obligation to pay a liquidated sum or perform a specified obligation), (c) is final and conclusive, (d) is not in respect of taxes, a fine or a penalty; (e) has not been obtained by fraud; and (f) was not obtained in a manner and is not of a kind the enforcement of which is contrary to natural justice or the public policy of the Cayman Islands. However, the Cayman Islands courts are unlikely to enforce a judgment obtained from the U.S. courts under civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities law if such judgment is determined by the courts of the Cayman Islands to give rise to obligations to make payments that are penal or punitive in nature. Because such a determination has not yet been made by a court of the Cayman Islands, it is uncertain whether such civil liability judgments from U.S. courts would be enforceable in the Cayman Islands. A Cayman Islands court may stay enforcement proceedings if concurrent proceedings are being brought elsewhere.

INCORPORATION OF DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE

The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” into this prospectus the documents we file with, or furnish to, it, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to these documents. The information that we incorporate by reference into this prospectus forms a part of this prospectus, and information that we file later with the SEC automatically updates and supersedes any information in this prospectus. We incorporate by reference into this prospectus the documents listed below:

Any statement contained in a document that is incorporated by reference into this prospectus will be deemed to be modified or superseded for the purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus, or in any other subsequently filed document which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus, modifies or supersedes that statement. The modifying or superseding statement does not need to state that it has modified or superseded a prior statement or include any other information set forth in the document that it modifies or supersedes.

Unless expressly incorporated by reference, nothing in this prospectus shall be deemed to incorporate by reference information furnished to, but not filed with, the SEC. Copies of all documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus, other than exhibits to those document unless such exhibits are specially incorporated by reference in this prospectus, will be provided at no cost to each person, including any beneficial owner, who receives a copy of this prospectus on the written or oral request of that person made to:

Bit Origin Ltd 

27F, Samsung Hub 

3 Church Street Singapore 049483 

347-556-4747 

ir@bitorigin.io

You should rely only on the information that we incorporate by reference or provide in this prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. We are not making any offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should not assume that the information contained or incorporated in this prospectus by reference is accurate as of any date other than the date of the document containing the information.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

As permitted by SEC rules, this prospectus omits certain information and exhibits that are included in the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. Since this prospectus may not contain all of the information that you may find important, you should review the full text of these documents. If we have filed a contract, agreement, or other document as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, you should read the exhibit for a more complete understanding of the document or matter involved. Each statement in this prospectus, including statements incorporated by reference as discussed above, regarding a contract, agreement, or other document is qualified in its entirety by reference to the actual document.

We are subject to periodic reporting and other informational requirements of the Exchange Act as applicable to foreign private issuers. Accordingly, we are required to file reports, including annual reports on Form 20-F, and other information with the SEC. All information filed with the SEC can be inspected over the Internet at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov and copied at the public reference facilities maintained by the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You can request copies of these documents, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC.

As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt under the Exchange Act from, among other things, the rules prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and our executive officers, directors, and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we will not be required under the Exchange Act to file periodic or current reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S. companies whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act.

PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime. Our amended and restated second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide for indemnification of officers and directors for losses, damages, costs and expenses incurred in their capacities as such unless such losses or damages arise from their own willful neglect or default.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers or persons controlling us under the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable as a matter of United States law.

Any underwriting agreement entered into in connection with an offering of securities will also provide for indemnification of us and our officers and directors in certain cases.

The following exhibits are attached hereto:

* To be filed, if necessary, after effectiveness of this registration statement by an amendment to the registration statement or incorporated by reference to a Current Report on Form 6-K filed in connection with an underwritten offering of the shares offered hereunder.

+ Filed herewith

The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes:

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of New York, New York, on November 16, 2023.

KNOW ALL BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints Lucas Wang as his or her true and lawful agent, proxy and attorney-in-fact, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to (1) act on, sign and file with the Securities and Exchange Commission any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement together with all schedules and exhibits thereto and any subsequent registration statement filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, together with all schedules and exhibits thereto, (2) act on, sign and file such certificates, instruments, agreements and other documents as may be necessary or appropriate in connection therewith, (3) act on and file any supplement to any prospectus included in this Registration Statement or any such amendment or any subsequent registration statement filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and (4) take any and all actions which may be necessary or appropriate to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby approving, ratifying and confirming all that such agent, proxy and attorney-in-fact or any of his or her substitutes may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

SIGNATURE OF AUTHORIZED UNITED STATES REPRESENTATIVE OF THE REGISTRANT

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant’s duly authorized representative has signed this registration statement on Form F-3, in the City of New York, New York, on November 16, 2023.