fund’s investment objective and strategies. During the period ended June 30, 2023, commitments entered into by the fund pursuant to the exemptive order amounted to $129,236,768, including unfunded commitments of $27,687,224.
5. Fund share transactions
Affiliates of the fund owned 100% of shares of the fund on June 30, 2023.
6. Purchase and sale of securities
Purchases and sales of securities, other than short-term investments, amounted to $120,932,224 and $50,068,011, respectively, for the period ended June 30, 2023.
7. LIBOR discontinuation risk
LIBOR (London Interbank Offered Rate) is a measure of the average interest rate at which major global banks can borrow from one another. Following allegations of rate manipulation and concerns regarding its thin liquidity, in July 2017, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates LIBOR, announced that it will stop encouraging banks to provide the quotations needed to sustain LIBOR. As market participants transition away from LIBOR, LIBOR’s usefulness may deteriorate and these effects could be experienced until the permanent cessation of the majority of U.S. LIBOR rates in 2023. The transition process may lead to increased volatility and illiquidity in markets that currently rely on LIBOR to determine interest rates. LIBOR’s deterioration may adversely affect the liquidity and/or market value of securities that use LIBOR as a benchmark interest rate.
The ICE Benchmark Administration Limited, the administrator of LIBOR, ceased publishing certain LIBOR maturities, including some U.S. LIBOR maturities, on December 31, 2021, and ceased publishing the remaining and most liquid U.S. LIBOR maturities on June 30, 2023 on a representative basis. The 1-, 3- and 6-month USD LIBOR maturities will continue to be published based on a synthetic methodology through September 30, 2024 and are permitted to be used in all legacy contracts except cleared derivatives. It is expected that market participants have or will transition to the use of alternative reference or benchmark rates prior to the applicable LIBOR publication cessation date. Additionally, although regulators have encouraged the development and adoption of alternative rates such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ([1]SOFR[1]), the future utilization of LIBOR or of any particular replacement rate remains uncertain.
The impact on the transition away from LIBOR referenced financial instruments remains uncertain. It is expected that market participants will adopt alternative rates such as SOFR or otherwise amend such financial instruments to include fallback provisions and other measures that contemplate the discontinuation of LIBOR. Uncertainty and risk remain regarding the willingness and ability of issuers and lenders to include alternative rates and revised provisions in new and existing contracts or instruments. To facilitate the transition of legacy derivatives contracts referencing LIBOR, the International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. launched a protocol to incorporate fallback provisions. There are obstacles to converting certain longer term securities to a new benchmark or benchmarks and the effectiveness of one versus multiple alternative reference rates has not been determined. Certain proposed replacement rates, such as SOFR, are materially different from LIBOR, and will require changes to the applicable spreads. Furthermore, the risks associated with the conversion from LIBOR may be exacerbated if an orderly transition is not completed in a timely manner.
7. New accounting pronouncement
In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued an Accounting Standards Update (ASU), ASU 2020-04, which provides optional, temporary relief with respect to the financial reporting of contracts subject to certain types of modifications due to the planned discontinuation of the LIBOR and other IBOR-based reference rates as of the end of 2021. The temporary relief provided by ASU 2020-04 is