Microvast 10Q 2024 Q3 Quarterly report

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024

o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to________________

Microvast Holdings, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

001-38826

83-2530757

(State or other jurisdiction
of incorporation or organization)

(Commission File Number)

(IRS Employer
Identification No.)


12603 Southwest Freeway, Suite 300 Stafford, Texas						77477
(Address Of Principal Executive Offices)						(Zip Code)

(281) 491-9505

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)


N/A
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of exchange on which registered

Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share

MVST

The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Redeemable warrants, exercisable for shares of common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share

MVSTW

The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	o	Accelerated filer	x
Non-accelerated filer	o	Smaller reporting company	o
Emerging growth company	x

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x

As of November 8, 2024, there were 323,815,298 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001, issued and outstanding.

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MICROVAST HOLDINGS, INC.

FORM 10-Q

For the Quarter Ended September 30, 2024

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		Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION		1

Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	1

	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	1

	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	3

	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss	4

	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity	5

	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	7

	Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	9

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	34

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	46

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	47

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION		49

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	49

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	49

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds from Registered Securities	49

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	49

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	49

Item 5.	Other Information	49

Item 6.	Exhibits	50

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report ("Report") contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statements about future financial and operating results, our objectives, expectations and intentions with respect to future operations, products and services; and other statements identified by words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “objective,” “plan,” “project,” “predict,” “outlook” “should,” “will,” “would,” or the negative of these terms, or other comparable terminology intended to identify statements about the future. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our industry and market sizes, and future opportunities for us. Such forward-looking statements are based upon the current beliefs and expectations of management and are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are difficult to predict and generally beyond our control. Actual results and the timing of events may differ materially from the results anticipated in these forward-looking statements.

In addition to factors identified elsewhere in this Report, the following factors, among others, could cause actual results and the timing of events to differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements:

•our ability to remain a going concern;

•risk that we may not be able to execute our growth strategies or achieve profitability;

•risk that we will not be able to raise additional capital to execute our business plan, which may not be available on acceptable terms or at all, or pay our debts as they come due;

•restrictions in our existing and any future credit facilities;

•risks of operations in China;

•the effects of mechanics liens filed by contractors that we do not have sufficient funds to pay;

•the effects of existing and future litigation;

•changes in general economic conditions, including high interest rates and associated Federal Reserve policies, a potential economic recession, and the impact of inflation on our business;

•changes in the highly competitive market in which we compete, including with respect to our competitive landscape, technology evolution or regulatory changes;

•changes in availability and price of raw materials;

•labor relations, including the ability to attract, hire and retain key employees and contract personnel;

•heightened awareness of environmental issues and concern about global warming and climate change;

•risk that we are unable to secure or protect our intellectual property;

•risk that our customers or third-party suppliers are unable to meet their obligations fully or in a timely manner;

•risk that our customers will adjust, cancel or suspend their orders for our products;

•risk of product liability or regulatory lawsuits or proceedings relating to our products or services;

•the effectiveness of our information technology and operational technology systems and practices to detect and defend against evolving cyberattacks;

•changing laws regarding cybersecurity and data privacy, and any cybersecurity threat or event;

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•the effects and associated cost of compliance with existing and future laws and governmental regulations, such as the Inflation Reduction Act;

•economic, financial and other impacts such as a pandemic, including global supply chain disruptions; and

•the impacts of geopolitical events, including the ongoing conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and between Israel and Hamas.

The foregoing list of factors is not exhaustive and new factors may emerge from time to time that could also affect actual performance and results. For more information, please see the risk factors included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 in Part I, Item 1A.

Actual results, performance or achievements may differ materially, and potentially adversely, from any forward-looking statements and the assumptions on which those forward-looking statements are based. There can be no assurance that the data contained herein is reflective of future performance to any degree. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as a predictor of future performance as forward-looking statements are based on estimates and assumptions that are inherently subject to various significant risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are beyond our control.

All information set forth herein speaks only as of the date hereof, and we disclaim any intention or obligation to update any forward-looking statements as a result of developments occurring after the date hereof except as may be required under applicable securities laws. Forecasts and estimates regarding our industry and end markets are based on sources we believe to be reliable, however, there can be no assurance these forecasts and estimates will prove accurate in whole or in part.

All references to the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to Microvast Holdings, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries other than certain historical information which refers to the business of Microvast prior to the consummation of the Business Combination.

iii

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)

MICROVAST HOLDINGS, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	63,585	$	44,541
Restricted cash, current	40,361		37,477
Short-term investments	—		5,634
Accounts receivable (net of allowance for credit losses of $3,832 and $4,571 as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)	121,539		138,717
Notes receivable	10,937		23,736
Inventories, net	157,769		149,749
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	23,483		25,752
Held-for-sale assets	19,897		—
Total Current Assets	437,571		425,606
Restricted cash, non-current	11,021		6,171
Property, plant and equipment, net	527,160		620,667
Land use rights, net	11,902		11,984
Acquired intangible assets, net	2,788		3,136
Operating lease right-of-use assets	19,468		19,507
Other non-current assets	11,090		9,661
Total Assets	$	1,021,000	$	1,096,732

Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	65,589	$	112,618
Notes payable	56,314		63,374
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	104,202		148,284
Advance from customers	42,950		43,087
Short-term bank borrowings	66,177		35,392
Income tax payables	656		655
Total Current Liabilities	335,888		403,410
Long-term bonds payable	43,157		43,157
Long-term bank borrowings	53,397		43,761
Warrant liability	1		67
Share-based compensation liability	119		199
Operating lease liabilities	16,326		17,087
Convertible loan with shareholder measured at fair value	24,423		—
Other non-current liabilities	38,486		24,861
Total Liabilities	$	511,797	$	532,542

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MICROVAST HOLDINGS, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - continued

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)

Shareholders’ Equity
Common Stock (par value of US$0.0001 per share, 750,000,000 and 750,000,000 shares authorized as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023; 323,815,298 and 316,694,442 shares issued, and 322,127,798 and 315,006,942 shares outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023)	$	33	$	32
Additional paid-in capital	1,512,410		1,481,241
Statutory reserves	6,032		6,032
Accumulated deficit	(987,520)		(897,501)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(21,752)		(25,614)
Total Equity	$	509,203	$	564,190
Total Liabilities and Equity	$	1,021,000	$	1,096,732

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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MICROVAST HOLDINGS, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Revenues	$	101,388	$	80,116	$	266,414	$	202,042
Cost of revenues	(67,776)		(62,232)		(188,382)		(167,839)
Gross profit	33,612		17,884		78,032		34,203
Operating expenses:
General and administrative expenses	(11,841)		(24,980)		(59,146)		(68,874)
Research and development expenses	(10,692)		(13,241)		(32,291)		(33,609)
Selling and marketing expenses	(4,963)		(6,031)		(15,580)		(16,916)
Impairment loss of long-lived assets	(12)		(422)		(64,924)		(473)
Total operating expenses	(27,508)		(44,674)		(171,941)		(119,872)
Subsidy income	1,082		442		2,351		1,156
Profit/(loss) from operations	7,186		(26,348)		(91,558)		(84,513)
Other income and expenses:
Interest income	186		582		551		3,481
Interest expense	(4,290)		(491)		(8,116)		(1,437)
Changes in fair value of warrant and convertible loan	2,766		(42)		1,240		(25)
Other income	7,399		127		7,864		673
Profit/(loss) before provision for income taxes	13,247		(26,172)		(90,019)		(81,821)
Income tax expense	—		—		—		—
Net profit/(loss)	$	13,247	$	(26,172)	$	(90,019)	$	(81,821)
Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	—		(42)		—		(21)
Net profit/(loss) attributable to Microvast Holdings, Inc.'s shareholders	$	13,247	$	(26,130)	$	(90,019)	$	(81,800)
Net profit/(loss) per common share
Basic	$	0.04	$	(0.08)	$	(0.28)	$	(0.26)
Diluted	$	0.03	$	(0.08)	$	(0.28)	$	(0.26)
Weighted average shares used in calculating net profit/(loss) per share of common stock
Basic	320,545,388		313,108,457		317,153,113		309,541,499
Diluted	367,031,181		313,108,457		317,153,113		309,541,499

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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MICROVAST HOLDINGS, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net profit/(loss)	$	13,247	$	(26,172)	$	(90,019)	$	(81,821)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	11,473		(2,192)		3,862		(18,006)
Comprehensive profit/(loss)	$	24,720	$	(28,364)	$	(86,157)	$	(99,827)
Comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests	—		(54)		—		(183)
Total comprehensive profit/(loss) attributable to Microvast Holding, Inc.'s shareholders	$	24,720	$	(28,310)	$	(86,157)	$	(99,644)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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MICROVAST HOLDINGS, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Common Stock			Additional paid-in capital		Accumulated deficit		Accumulated other Comprehensive loss		Statutory reserves		Total Microvast Holdings, Inc. Shareholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount

Balance as of June 30, 2024	315,510,447	$	32	$	1,506,031	$	(1,000,767)	$	(33,225)	$	6,032	$	478,103
Net profit	—	—		—		13,247		—		—		13,247
Issuance of common stock in connection with vesting of share-based awards	6,617,351	1		(1)		—		—		—		—
Share-based compensation	—	—		6,380		—		—		—		6,380
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—	—		—		—		11,473		—		11,473
Balance as of September 30, 2024	322,127,798	$	33	$	1,512,410	$	(987,520)	$	(21,752)	$	6,032	$	509,203


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Common Stock			Additional paid-in capital		Accumulated deficit		Accumulated other Comprehensive loss		Statutory reserves		Total Microvast Holdings, Inc. Shareholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount

Balance as of December 31, 2023	315,006,942	$	32	$	1,481,241	$	(897,501)	$	(25,614)	$	6,032	$	564,190
Net loss	—	—		—		(90,019)		—		—		(90,019)
Issuance of common stock in connection with vesting of share-based awards	7,120,856	1		(1)		—		—		—		—
Share-based compensation	—	—		30,391		—		—		—		30,391
Issuance of warrants(Note 14)	—	—		779		—		—		—		779
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—	—		—		—		3,862		—		3,862
Balance as of September 30, 2024	322,127,798	$	33	$	1,512,410	$	(987,520)	$	(21,752)	$	6,032	$	509,203

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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MICROVAST HOLDINGS, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY - continued

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Common Stock			Additional paid-in capital		Accumulated deficit		Accumulated other Comprehensive loss		Statutory reserves		Total Microvast Holdings, Inc. Shareholders’ Equity		Non- controlling Interests		Total Equity
	Shares	Amount

Balance as of June 30, 2023	307,938,943	$	31	$	1,452,189	$	(846,835)	$	(33,745)	$	6,032	$	577,672	$	2,045	$	579,717
Net loss	—	—		—		(26,130)		—		—		(26,130)		(42)		(26,172)
Issuance of common stock in connection with vesting of share-based awards	6,908,382	1		(1)		—		—		—		—		—		—
Share-based compensation	—	—		15,985		—		—		—		15,985		—		15,985
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—	—		—		—		(2,180)		—		(2,180)		(12)		(2,192)
Balance as of September 30, 2023	314,847,325	$	32	$	1,468,173	$	(872,965)	$	(35,925)	$	6,032	$	565,347	$	1,991	$	567,338


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Common Stock			Additional paid-in capital		Accumulated deficit		Accumulated other Comprehensive Income (loss)		Statutory reserves		Total Microvast Holdings, Inc. Shareholders’ Equity		Non-controlling Interests		Total Equity
	Shares	Amount

Balance as of December 31, 2022	307,628,511	$	31	$	1,416,160	$	(791,165)	$	(18,081)	$	6,032	$	612,977	$	—	$	612,977
Net loss	—	—		—		(81,800)		—		—		(81,800)		(21)		(81,821)
Capital contribution from non-controlling interests holder	—	—		—		—		—		—		—		2,174		2,174
Issuance of common stock in connection with vesting of share-based awards	7,218,814	1		(1)		—		—		—		—		—		—
Share-based compensation	—	—		52,014		—		—		—		52,014		—		52,014
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—	—		—		—		(17,844)		—		(17,844)		(162)		(18,006)
Balance as of September 30, 2023	314,847,325	$	32	$	1,468,173	$	(872,965)	$	(35,925)	$	6,032	$	565,347	$	1,991	$	567,338

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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MICROVAST HOLDINGS, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$	(90,019)	$	(81,821)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment	810		832
Interest expense	2,248		—
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment	22,442		14,643
Amortization of land use right and intangible assets	581		593
Noncash lease expenses	2,004		2,108
Share-based compensation	30,289		51,641
Changes in fair value of warrant and convertible loan	(1,240)		25
(Reversal)/ allowance of credit losses	(237)		(1,038)
Write-down for obsolete inventories	3,032		928
Impairment loss from long-lived asset	64,924		473
Product warranty	10,353		9,017
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Notes receivable	9,162		(22,372)
Accounts receivable	18,157		(911)
Inventories	(4,144)		(54,473)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	2,340		(12,666)
Operating lease right-of-use assets	(1,821)		(5,588)
Other non-current assets	9,037		(653)
Notes payable	(7,490)		(26,070)
Accounts payable	(47,234)		53,400
Advance from customers	(197)		515
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	(33,094)		(1,374)
Operating lease liabilities	(869)		2,760
Other non-current liabilities	7,679		(319)
Net cash used in operating activities	(3,287)		(70,350)

Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(27,366)		(153,574)
Purchase of short-term investments	—		(425)
Proceeds on disposal of property, plant and equipment	9,830		879
Proceeds from maturity of short-term investments	5,564		—
Net cash used in investing activities	(11,972)		(153,120)

Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from borrowings	70,373		18,439
Repayment of bank borrowings	(31,824)		(6,286)
Convertible loan borrowing from a shareholder	25,000		—
Payment for debt issue costs	(525)		—
Deferred payment related to purchases of property, plant and equipment	(16,389)		—
Net cash generated from financing activities	46,635		12,153

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MICROVAST HOLDINGS, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - continued

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Effect of exchange rate changes	(4,598)		(2,088)
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	26,778		(213,405)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the period	88,189		302,617
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the period	$	114,967	$	89,212


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Reconciliation to amounts on unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	63,585	$	67,398
Restricted cash	51,382		21,814
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	114,967	$	89,212


Non-cash investing and financing activities
Payable for purchase of property, plant and equipment	$	59,408	$	75,781

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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MICROVAST HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)

NOTE 1. DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS OPERATIONS

Microvast, Inc. was incorporated under the laws of the State of Texas in the United States of America on October 12, 2006 and re-domiciled to the State of Delaware on December 31, 2015. On July 23, 2021 (the “Closing Date”), Microvast, Inc. and Tuscan Holdings Corp.(“Tuscan”) consummated the previously announced merger (the “Merger” or the "Business Combination"), pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) dated February 1, 2021, between Tuscan, Microvast, Inc. and TSCN Merger Sub Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Merger Sub”).

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, the Merger Sub merged with and into Microvast, Inc., with Microvast, Inc. surviving the Merger. As a result of the Merger, Tuscan was renamed “Microvast Holdings, Inc.” (the “Company”). The Merger was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization as Microvast, Inc. was determined to be the accounting acquirer under Financial Accounting Standards Board’s Accounting Standards Codification Topic 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”).

The Company and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Group”) are primarily engaged in developing, manufacturing, and selling lithium-ion battery systems and components for electric vehicles and energy storage across the globe.

NOTE 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of presentation and use of estimates

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Security and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") and U.S. generally accepted accounting standards (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial reporting. Accordingly, certain information and disclosures normally included in the notes to the annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been omitted from these interim financial statements.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the period ended December 31, 2023 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on April 1, 2024, which provides a more complete discussion of the Company’s accounting policies and certain other information. In the opinion of the management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (which include normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair statement of financial results for the interim periods presented. The Company believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading.

The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any subsequent quarter or for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024.

The financial information as of December 31, 2023 included on the condensed consolidated balance sheets is derived from the Group’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023.

There have been no significant changes to the significant accounting policies disclosed in Note 2 of the audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2023.

Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Group’s financial statements include allowance for credit losses, write-down of obsolete inventories, impairment of long-lived assets, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, product warranty, fair value measurement of warrant liability, fair value measurement of convertible loan and share based compensation.

All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.

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MICROVAST HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)

NOTE 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

Going concern

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared on a going concern basis, which assumes that the Group will continue to realize its assets and settle its liabilities in the ordinary course of business.

For the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Group generated revenues of $101,388 and $80,116, gross profit of $33,612 and $17,884, net profit of $13,247 and net loss of $26,172, and operating cash outflow of $5,429 and $29,342, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Group reported revenues of $266,414 and $202,042, gross profit of $78,032 and $34,203, net loss of $90,019 (including a $64,924 impairment loss from long-lived assets) and $81,821, and operating cash outflow of $3,287 and $70,350, respectively. As of September 30, 2024, the Group had working capital of $101,683, shareholders' equity of $509,203 (including an accumulated deficit of $987,520), and cash and cash equivalents of $63,585. The Group also held outstanding borrowings of $119,574, with $66,177 due within the next 12 months, and other current liabilities of $269,711, which include accounts payable, notes payable, and accrued expenses. Additionally, the Group had $52,262 in purchase commitments primarily related to inventory as of September 30, 2024.

The Group has made significant investments to expand its capacity, particularly in its Huzhou, China, and Clarksville, Tennessee facilities. The Huzhou Phase 3.1 expansion is now contributing revenue following its completion in the third quarter of 2023 and the Huzhou Phase 3.2 expansion is in process which requires additional capital expenditure. The Tennessee expansion has been paused. Initially intended to produce 53.5Ah cells for the Group's ESS solutions, the Tennessee facility is now being evaluated for a potential shift to lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cell production, which better aligns with the Group’s evolving ESS strategy. The Tennessee facility will require additional financing, and the timing for resuming the project is currently under review.

As of September 30, 2024, the Group had outstanding payables of $31,653 related to the Tennessee facility. The Group is actively working with suppliers. Some of those suppliers have filed liens while others have entered settlement agreements that include payment adjustments and lien releases.

The above factors raise substantial doubt about the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern within the next twelve months from the date of issuance of its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Management has secured a $29,911 bank loan in the third quarter of 2024, with an additional $9,962 received in October 2024. Further details can be found in Note 7 – Bank Borrowings.Workforce reductions were made in the U.S. during the second and third quarters of 2024, delivering cost savings and enhanced cash flow. Further plans to alleviate the conditions that raise substantial doubt include:

•Operational Improvements: With profitability achieved in the third quarter of 2024, management expects that continued execution of its strategies will generate positive cash flow from operations over the next twelve months.

•Asset Sales: The Group is actively pursuing the sale of non-core U.S. real estate assets, with an expectation of increasing liquidity without affecting core operations.

•Additional Funding Options: Although no additional binding financing agreement has been entered into besides those disclosed in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, the Group is actively engaged in discussions with third parties to explore further funding options.

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MICROVAST HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)

NOTE 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

Going concern-continued

These plans are not final and are subject to market and other conditions not within the Group’s control. As such, there can be no assurance that the Group will be successful in obtaining sufficient capital.

Accordingly, management has concluded that these plans do not alleviate the substantial doubt about the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are issued. Based on the factors above, there is a substantial doubt as to whether the Group will continue as a going concern and therefore whether it will realize its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business and at the amounts stated in the financial statements. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or to the amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Group not continue as a going concern.

Emerging Growth Company

Pursuant to the JOBS Act, an emerging growth company (the “EGC”) may adopt new or revised accounting standards that may be issued by FASB or the SEC either (i) within the same periods as those otherwise applicable to non-EGCs or (ii) within the same time periods as private companies. The Company intends to take advantage of the exemption for complying with new or revised accounting standards within the same time periods as private companies. Accordingly, the information contained herein may be different than the information provided by other public companies.

The Company also intends to take advantage of some of the reduced regulatory and reporting requirements of EGCs pursuant to the JOBS Act so long as the Company qualifies as an EGC, including, but not limited to, an exemption from the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation, and exemptions from the requirements of holding non-binding advisory votes on executive compensation and golden parachute payments.

Revenue recognition

Nature of Goods and Services

The Group’s revenue consists primarily of sales of lithium-ion batteries. The obligation of the Group is to provide the battery products. Revenue is recognized at the point of time when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Group expects to be entitled to in exchange for the goods or services.

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MICROVAST HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)

NOTE 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

Revenue recognition-continued

Disaggregation of revenue

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Group derived revenues from geographic regions as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
People’s Republic of China ("PRC")	$	28,716	$	36,289	$	89,190	$	115,023
Other Asia & Pacific countries	10,550		24,611		36,215		46,280
Asia & Pacific	39,266		60,900		125,405		161,303
Europe	59,479		19,034		135,145		38,556
U.S.	2,643		182		5,864		2,183
Total	$	101,388	$	80,116	$	266,414	$	202,042

Contract balances

Contract balances include accounts receivable and advances from customers. Accounts receivable represent cash not received from customers and are recorded when the rights to consideration are unconditional. The allowance for credit losses reflects the best estimate of probable losses inherent to the accounts receivable balance. Contract liabilities, recorded in advance from customers in the consolidated balance sheets, represent payment received in advance or payment received related to a material right provided to a customer to acquire additional goods or services at a discount in a future period. During the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Group recognized $883 and $1,191 of revenue previously included in advance from customers as of July 1, 2024 and July 1, 2023, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Group recognized $4,208 and $2,485 of revenue previously included in advance from customers as of January 1, 2024 and January 1, 2023, respectively.

Operating leases

As of September 30, 2024, the Company recorded operating lease right-of-use (ROU) assets of $19,468 and operating lease liabilities of $19,540, including current portion in the amount of $3,214, which was recorded under accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the balance sheet.

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease or contains a lease at lease inception. Operating leases are required to record in the statement of financial position as right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments. The Company has elected the package of practical expedients, which allows the Company not to reassess (1) whether any expired or existing contracts as of the adoption date are or contain a lease, (2) lease classification for any expired or existing leases as of the adoption date and (3) initial direct costs for any expired or existing leases as of the adoption date. The Company also elected the practical expedient not to separate lease and non-lease components of contracts. Lastly, for lease assets other than real estate, such as printing machines and electronic appliances, the Company elected the short-term lease exemption as their lease terms are 12 months or less.

As the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable, the Company estimates its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is estimated in a portfolio approach to approximate the interest rate on a collateralized basis with similar terms and payments in a similar economic environment. Lease expense is recorded on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

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MICROVAST HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)

NOTE 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

Impairment of long-lived assets

In accordance with ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment ("ASC 360"), the Company reviews long-lived assets such as property, plant and equipment for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the future net undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets, and an impairment loss is recorded as a component of operating expenses. Fair value is estimated based on various valuation techniques. For assets held for sales, the amount of potential impairment may be based upon appraisal of the asset, estimated market value of similar assets or estimated cash flow from the disposition of the asset. The evaluation of asset impairment requires the Company to make assumptions about future cash flows over the life of the asset being evaluated. These assumptions require significant judgment and actual results may differ from assumed and estimated amounts.

During the first half year of 2024, the Company decided to pause the construction of the battery plant in Tennessee until additional funding for the remaining capital expenditure is secured. As a result, the Company reassessed the recoverability of the long-lived assets in the U.S. and utilized the residual method to estimate the fair value of the plant under construction located in Tennessee. For other long-lived assets in the U.S., the Company estimated market value or estimated cash flow from disposition of the assets. The Company recorded impairment loss of long-lived assets of $12 and $422 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, in operating expenses. The Company recorded impairment loss of long-lived assets of $64,924 and $473 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, in operating expenses.

Asset held for sales

Assets to be disposed of by sale are reported at the lower of the carrying value or fair vale less cost to sell when the Company has committed to a sale agreement and would be reported separately as asset held for sales in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Debt Restructuring

A debt restructuring is the modification of debt in which a creditor grants a concession it would not otherwise consider to a debtor that is experiencing financial difficulties. These modifications may include a reduction of an extension of the maturity date, a reduction of the face amount or maturity amount of the debt, or a reduction of accrued interest. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the company recorded a gain of $7,709 on the payable concession in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Convertible loan with shareholder measured at fair value

The Company has elected the fair value option to account for the convertible loan with shareholder described in Note 14 – Convertible loan with shareholder measured at fair value herein, and records changes in fair value in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations, with the exception of changes in fair value due to instrument-specific credit risk which, if present, will be recorded as a component of other comprehensive income. Interest expense related to the convertible loan is included in the changes in fair value. As a result of applying the fair value option, direct costs and fees related to the convertible loan were expensed as incurred. Gains of $2,764 and $1,174 were recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. The fair value of the convertible loan with shareholder was determined by using a discounted cash flow model for the bond component and a Black-Scholes-Merton model for the conversion option, which is considered a Level 3 fair value measurement.

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MICROVAST HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)

NOTE 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

Warrant

The Company determines the accounting classification of warrants it issues as either liability or equity by first assessing whether the warrants meet liability classification in accordance with ASC 480-10, Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of both Liabilities and Equity ("ASC 480"), then in accordance with ASC 815-40 ("ASC 815"), Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments Indexed to, and Potentially Settled in, a Company’s Own Stock. Under ASC 480, warrants are considered liability classified if the warrants are mandatory redeemable, obligate the Company to settle the warrants or the underlying shares by paying cash or other assets, or warrants that must or may require settlement by issuing variable number of shares. If warrants do not meet liability classification under ASC 480, the Company assesses the requirements under ASC 815, which states that contracts that require or may require the issuer to settle the contract for cash are liabilities recorded at fair value, irrespective of the likelihood of the transaction occurring that triggers the net cash settlement feature. If the warrants do not require liability classification under ASC 815, and in order to conclude equity classification, the Company also assesses whether the warrants are indexed to its Common Stock and whether the warrants are classified as equity under ASC 815 or other applicable GAAP. After all relevant assessments, the Company concludes whether the warrants are classified as liability or equity. Liability classified warrants require fair value accounting at issuance and subsequent to initial issuance with all changes in fair value after the issuance date recorded in the unaudited consolidated statements of operations. Equity classified warrants only require fair value accounting at issuance with no changes recognized subsequent to the issuance date. Refer to Notes 10 for information regarding the warrants issued.

Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07 "Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures" ("ASU 2023-07"). ASU 2023-07 intends to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, enhance interim disclosure requirements and provide new segment disclosure requirements for entities with a single reportable segment. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and for interim periods with fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. ASU 2023-07 is to be adopted retrospectively to all prior periods presented. The Company is currently assessing the impact this guidance will have on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09 "Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures" ("ASU 2023-09"). ASU 2023-09 intends to improve the transparency of income tax disclosures. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and is to be adopted on a prospective basis with the option to apply retrospectively. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this guidance, however, the Company do not expect a material impact to the consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 3. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

Accounts receivable consisted of the following:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Accounts receivable	$	125,371	$	143,288
Allowance for credit losses	(3,832)		(4,571)
Accounts receivable, net	$	121,539	$	138,717

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MICROVAST HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)

NOTE 3. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE - continued

Movement of allowance for credit losses was as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Balance at beginning of the period	$	4,679	$	3,468	$	4,571	$	4,407
Reversal of expenses	(992)		(206)		(237)		(1,038)
Write off	(2)		—		(531)		(66)
Recoveries of credit losses	—		—		—		121
Exchange difference	147		(20)		29		(182)
Balance at end of the period	$	3,832	$	3,242	$	3,832	$	3,242

NOTE 4. INVENTORIES, NET

Inventories consisted of the following:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Work in process	$	102,443	$	86,379
Raw materials	36,704		35,867
Finished goods	18,622		27,503
Total	$	157,769	$	149,749

Write-down of obsolete inventories at $1,295 and $0 were recognized for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Write-down of obsolete inventories at $3,032 and $928 were recognized for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

NOTE 5. ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Product warranty, current	$	8,151	$	13,738
Payables for purchase of property, plant and equipment	54,318		96,350
Other current liabilities	18,112		14,312
Accrued payroll and welfare	4,445		8,089
Accrued expenses	6,118		6,224
Interest payable	1,429		41
Other tax payable	8,415		7,117
Operating lease liabilities, current	3,214		2,413
Total	$	104,202	$	148,284

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MICROVAST HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)

NOTE 6. PRODUCT WARRANTY

Movement of product warranty was as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Balance at beginning of the period	$	34,184	$	37,108	$	35,217	$	42,060
Provided during the period	4,024		3,567		10,353		9,017
Utilized during the period	(3,970)		(7,125)		(10,516)		(15,635)
Exchange difference	1,216		(202)		400		(2,094)
Balance at end of the period	$	35,454	$	33,348	$	35,454	$	33,348


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Product warranty – current	$	8,151	$	13,738
Product warranty – non-current	27,303		21,479
Total	$	35,454	$	35,217

NOTE 7. BANK BORROWINGS

On September 27, 2022, the Group entered into a $111,483 (RMB800 million) loan facilities agreement with a group of lenders led by a bank in China (the "2022 Facility Agreement"). The interest rate is prime plus 115 basis points where prime is based on Loan Prime Rate published by the National Inter-bank Funding Center of the PRC and is payable on a quarterly basis. The loan facilities can only be used for the manufacturing capacity expansion at the Group’s facility located in Huzhou, China. The Group had a balance of restricted cash of $10,663 and $6,171 as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The 2022 Facility Agreement contains certain customary restrictive covenants, including but not limited to disposal of assets and dividend distribution without the consent of the lender, and certain customary events of default.

As of September 30, 2024, the Group had outstanding borrowings of $75,115 under the 2022 Facility Agreement.


Repayment Date						Repayment Amount
December 10, 2024						$10,859 (RMB76.2 million)
June 10, 2025						$10,859 (RMB76.2 million)
December 10, 2025						$10,859 (RMB76.2 million)
June 10, 2026						$16,288 (RMB114.3 million)
December 10, 2026						$26,250 (RMB184.2 million)

The amount of capitalized interest expenses, which was recorded in construction in progress and property, plant and equipment, was $65 and $475 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $65 and $1,503 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The Group has also entered into short-term loan agreements and bank facilities with certain banks in China. The original terms of these loans are with a maximum maturity of 12 months and the interest rates range from 3.30% to 4.85% per annum.

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MICROVAST HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)

NOTE 7. BANK BORROWINGS - continued

Changes in bank borrowings are as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Beginning balance	$	94,237	$	49,146	$	79,153	$	46,395
Proceeds from bank borrowings	29,911		9,207		70,373		18,439
Repayments of principal	(8,375)		(2,347)		(31,824)		(6,286)
Exchange difference	3,801		(349)		1,872		(2,891)
Ending balance	$	119,574	$	55,657	$	119,574	$	55,657


Balance of bank borrowings includes:	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Current	$	66,177	$	35,392
Non-current	53,397		43,761
Total	$	119,574	$	79,153

Certain assets of the Group have been pledged to secure the above bank facilities granted to the Group. The aggregate carrying amount of the assets pledged by the Group as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Buildings	$	121,302	$	124,565
Machinery and equipment	65,091		—
Land use rights	11,902		11,984
Construction in progress	348		—
Total	$	198,643	$	136,549

NOTE 8. OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Product warranty - non-current	$	27,303	$	21,479
Deferred subsidy income- non-current	6,093		3,382
Other non-current payable	5,090		—
Total	$	38,486	$	24,861

NOTE 9. BONDS PAYABLE


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Long–term bonds payable
Huzhou Saiyuan	$	43,157	$	43,157
Total	$	43,157	$	43,157

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MICROVAST HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)

NOTE 9. BONDS PAYABLE - continued

Huzhou Saiyuan Loan

On December 29, 2018, Microvast Power Systems Co., Ltd.('MPS'), one of the Company's subsidiaries, signed an agreement with Huzhou Saiyuan, an entity established by the local government, to issue convertible bonds to Huzhou Saiyuan for a total consideration of $87,776 (RMB600 million). The Company pledged its 12.39% equity holding over MPS to Huzhou Saiyuan to facilitate the issuance of these convertible bonds.

If the subscribed bonds are not repaid by the maturity date, Huzhou Saiyuan has the right to dispose of the equity interests pledged by the Company in proportion to the amount of matured bonds, or convert the bonds into equity interests of MPS within 60 days after the maturity date. If Huzhou Saiyuan decides to convert the bonds into equity interests of MPS, the equity interests pledged would be released and the convertible bonds would be converted into equity interest of MPS based on an entity value of MPS of $950,000.

In September 2020 and 2022, MPS entered into two supplement agreements with Huzhou Saiyuan, respectively, to change the repayment schedule as follows: (i) $14,629 (RMB100 million) was repaid, together with interest accrued, on or before November 10, 2022, (ii) $14,630 (RMB100 million) was repaid, together with interest accrued, on or before December 31, 2022, and (iii) the remaining $43,888 (RMB300 million) will be repaid, together with interest accrued, on or before January 31, 2027. The applicable interest rate will be increased to 12% if the Group is in default on the repayment of the bonds at the due date. The remaining terms and conditions of the convertible bonds were unchanged. The Company has complied in full with the amended repayment schedule and accordingly, as of September 30, 2024, the subscription and outstanding balance of the convertible bonds was $43,157 (RMB295 million).

NOTE 10. WARRANTS

The Company assumed 27,600,000 publicly-traded warrants (“Public Warrants”) and 837,000 private placement warrants issued to Tuscan Holdings Acquisition LLC (the “Sponsor”) and EarlyBirdCapital, Inc. (“EarlyBirdCapital”) (“Private Warrants” and together with the Public Warrants, the “Warrants”) upon the Business Combination, all of which were issued in connection with Tuscan’s initial public offering (other than 150,000 Private Warrants that were issued in connection with the closing of the Business Combination) and entitle the holder to purchase one share of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, none of the Public Warrants or the Private Warrants were exercised.

The Public Warrants became exercisable 30 days after the completion of the Business Combination. The Public Warrants are only exercisable for cash, however, if the Company were to not maintain the effectiveness of the registration statement covering the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Public Warrants, the Public Warrants would be exercisable on a net-share settlement basis. The Public Warrants will expire five years after the completion of the Business Combination or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.

Once the Public Warrants became exercisable, the Company may redeem the Public Warrants:

•in whole and not in part;

•at a price of $0.01 per warrant;

•upon not less than 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption;

•if, and only if, the reported last sale price of the Company’s Common Stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share for any 20-trading days within a 30-trading day period ending on the third business day prior to the notice of redemption to the warrant holders; and

•if, and only if, there is a current registration statement in effect with respect to the shares of Common Stock underlying the warrants.

The Company classified the Public Warrants as equity. If the Company calls the Public Warrants for redemption, management will have the option to require all holders that wish to exercise the Public Warrants to do so on a net-share settlement basis.

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MICROVAST HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)

NOTE 10. WARRANTS - continued

The Private Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants, except that the Private Warrants will be exercisable for cash or on a net-share settlement basis, at the holder’s option, and be non-redeemable so long as they are held by the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees. If the Private Warrants are held by someone other than the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees, the Private Warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by such holders on the same basis as the Public Warrants. In addition, so long as the Private Warrants are held by EarlyBirdCapital and its designee, the Private Warrants will expire five years from the effective date of the Business Combination.

The exercise price and number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a stock dividend, or recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation. However, the Warrants will not be adjusted for issuance of Common Stock at a price below its exercise price. Additionally, in no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the Warrants.

The Private Warrant liability was remeasured at fair value as of September 30, 2024, resulting in a gain of $2 and $66 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, classified within changes in fair value of warrant liability in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations, respectively.

The Private Warrants were valued using the following assumptions under the Monte Carlo Model that assumes optimal exercise of the Company’s redemption option at the earliest possible date:


	September 30, 2024
Market price of public stock	$	0.25
Exercise price	$	11.50
Expected term (years)	1.82
Volatility	96.27		%
Risk-free interest rate	3.64		%
Dividend rate	0.00		%

The market price of public stock is the quoted market price of the Company’s Common Stock as of the valuation date. The exercise price is extracted from the warrant agreements. The expected term is derived from the exercisable years based on the warrant agreements. The expected volatility is a blend of implied volatility from the Company’s own public warrant pricing, the average volatility of peer companies and the Company's historical volatility. The risk-free interest rate was estimated based on the market yield of U.S. Government Bond with maturity close to the expected term of the warrants. The dividend yield was estimated by the Company based on its expected dividend policy over the expected term of the warrants.

On May 28, 2024, the Company also issued a warrant exercisable for 5,500,000 shares of Common Stock at an initial exercise price of $2.00 per share. The Warrant expires on May 28, 2029 in connection of the convertible loan with shareholder. See Note 14 – Convertible loan with shareholder measured at fair value.

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MICROVAST HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)

NOTE 11. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT

Measured or disclosed at fair value on a recurring basis

The Group measured its financial assets and liabilities, including cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and warrant liability on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and warrant liability, Convertible loan with shareholder and relative warrant at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2024. Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy because they are valued based on the quoted market price in an active market. The fair value of the warrant liability, Convertible Loan with shareholder are based on significant unobservable inputs, which represent Level 3 measurements within the fair value hierarchy. In determining the fair value of the warrant liability, the Company used the Monte Carlo Model that assumes optimal exercise of the Company’s redemption option at the earliest possible date. See Note 10 – Warrants. The Convertible Loan and relative warrants were valued using the following assumptions under the Black-Scholes-Merton model, which is a generally accepted computational model typically used for pricing options and is considered a Level 3 fair value measurement. See Note 14 – Convertible loan with shareholder measured at fair value.

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, information about inputs for the fair value measurements of the Group’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis in periods subsequent to their initial recognition is as follows:


	Fair Value Measurement as of September 30, 2024
	Quoted Prices in Active Market for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Cash and cash equivalents	$	63,585	—	—		$	63,585
Restricted cash	51,382		—	—		51,382
Total financial asset	$	114,967	—	—		$	114,967
Warrant liability	$	—	—	$	1	$	1
Convertible loan with shareholder measured at fair value	—		—	24,423		24,423
Total financial liability	$	—	—	$	24,424	$	24,424


	Fair Value Measurement as of December 31, 2023
	Quoted Prices in Active Market for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Cash and cash equivalents	$	44,541	—	—		$	44,541
Restricted cash	43,648		—	—		43,648
Total financial asset	$	88,189	—	—		$	88,189
Warrant liability	$	—	—	$	67	$	67
Total financial liability	$	—	—	$	67	$	67

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MICROVAST HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)

NOTE 11. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT - continued

The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for Level 3 warrant liability during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Balance at the beginning of the period	$	67	$	126
Changes in fair value	(66)		25
Balance at end of the period	$	1	$	151

The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for Level 3 convertible loan with shareholder during the nine months ended September 30, 2024:


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Balance at the beginning of the period	$	—
Issuance of convertible loan with shareholder	25,944
Interest paid during the period	(347)
Changes in fair value	(1,174)
Balance at end of the period	$	24,423

Measured or disclosed at fair value on a nonrecurring basis

The Company’s assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis include long-lived assets. The Company reviews the carrying amounts of such assets when events indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Any resulting asset impairment would require that the asset be recorded at its fair value. The fair value of the asset or asset group is determined using cost approach, sales comparison approach and income capitalization approach with unobservable inputs (Level 3), depending on the underlying nature of the asset or the asset group.

NOTE 12. LEASES

The Group has operating leases for office spaces and warehouses. Certain leases include renewal options and/or termination options, which are factored into the Group's determination of lease payments when appropriate.

Operating lease cost for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $883 and $2,602, which excluded cost of short-term contracts. Short-term lease cost for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $79 and $383, respectively.

As of September 30, 2024, the weighted average remaining lease term was 9.3 years and weighted average discount rate was 5.2% for the Group's operating leases.

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MICROVAST HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)

NOTE 12. LEASES-continued

Supplemental cash flow information of the leases were as follows:


	Nine months ended September 30, 2024
Cash payments for operating leases	$	2,518
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	2,258

The following is a maturity analysis of the annual undiscounted cash flows for lease liabilities as of September 30, 2024:


	As of September 30, 2024
Three months period ending December 31, 2024	$	1,347
2025	$	3,781
2026	$	2,917
2027	$	2,458
2028	$	1,873
2029	$	1,681
Thereafter	$	10,227
Total future lease payments	$	24,284
Less: Imputed interest	$	(4,744)
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$	19,540

NOTE 13. SHARE-BASED PAYMENT

On July 21, 2021, the Company adopted the Microvast Holdings, Inc. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”), effective upon the Closing Date. The 2021 Plan provides for the grant of incentive and non-qualified stock option, restricted stock units, restricted share awards, stock appreciation awards, and cash-based awards to employees, directors, and consultants of the Company. Options awarded under the 2021 Plan expire no more than 10 years from the date of grant. Concurrently with the closing of the Business Combination, the share awards granted under 2012 Share Incentive Plan of Microvast, Inc. (the “2012 Plan”) were rolled over by removing original performance conditions and converting into options and capped non-vested share units with modified vesting schedules, using the Common Exchange Ratio of 160.3. The 2021 Plan reserved 5% of the fully-diluted shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately following the Closing Date plus the shares underlying awards rolled over from the 2012 Plan for issuance in accordance with the 2021 Plan’s terms.

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MICROVAST HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)

NOTE 13. SHARE-BASED PAYMENT - continued

Stock options

On April 10, 2024, a termination and transition advisory services agreement was entered between a former employee and the Company. According to this agreement, all unvested restricted stock units, performance-based restricted stock units and stock options held by the employee as of April 10, 2024 will vest in full immediately following April 10, 2025. The Company accounted for the modification as a Type III (improbable-to-probable) modification, which represents the modification of the award that was not expected to vest under the original vesting conditions at the date of the modification. The Company recognized compensation cost equal to the modified award’s fair value at the date of the modification over the period in which the former employee serves as consultant to the Company.

The modification date fair value of the stock options was determined using the Black Scholes model with the following assumptions:


	Nine months ended September 30, 2024
Exercise price	$	5.69
Expected terms (years)	1.25
Volatility	85.66		%
Risk-free interest rate	5.00		%
Expected dividend yields	0.00		%
Fair value of options granted	$	0.0035

The exercise prices for each award were extracted from the option agreements. The expected terms for each award were derived using the simplified method, and is estimated to occur at the midpoint of the vesting date and the expiration date. The volatility of the underlying common stock during the lives of the options was a blend of implied volatility from the average volatility of peer companies, implied volatility and the Company's historical volatility. Risk-free interest rate was estimated based on the market yield of U.S. Government Bonds with maturity close to the expected term of the options. The dividend yield was estimated by the Company based on its expected dividend policy over the expected term of the options.

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MICROVAST HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)

NOTE 13. SHARE-BASED PAYMENT - continued

Stock options - continued

Stock options activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was as follows:


Stock options life	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price (U.S.$)	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value (U.S.$)	Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023	32,876,682	6.01	4.73	5.7
Forfeited	(1,521,350)	4.60	3.18
Outstanding as of September 30, 2024	31,355,332	6.08	4.80	5.0
Expected to vest and exercisable as of September 30, 2024	31,355,332	6.08	4.80	5.0
Exercisable as of September 30, 2024	30,088,665	6.14	4.89	5.1

Outstanding as of December 31, 2022	36,091,071	6.08	4.80	6.8
Grant	640,000	1.77	1.18
Forfeited	(895,706)	5.02	3.64
Outstanding as of September 30, 2023	35,835,365	6.03	4.76	5.6
Expected to vest and exercisable as of September 30, 2023	35,835,365	6.03	4.76	5.6
Exercisable as of September 30, 2023	23,916,879	6.14	4.90	5.5

During the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded share-based compensation expense of $3,176 and $12,713 related to the option awards, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded share-based compensation expense of $25,489 and $39,768 related to the option awards, respectively.

The total unrecognized equity-based compensation costs as of September 30, 2024 related to the stock options was $856, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.1 years. The aggregate intrinsic value of the stock options as of September 30, 2024 was $0.

Capped Non-vested share units

The capped non-vested share units (“CRSUs”) represent rights for the holder to receive cash determined by the number of shares granted multiplied by the lower of the fair market value and the capped price, which will be settled in the form of cash payments. The CRSUs were accounted for as liability classified awards.

During the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded share-based compensation expense of $312 and $1,832, related to these CRSUs, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded share-based compensation expense of $2,793 and $8,378, related to these CRSUs, respectively.

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MICROVAST HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)

NOTE 13. SHARE-BASED PAYMENT - continued

Capped Non-vested share units - continued

Activity on the CRSUs for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was as follows:


	Number on Non-Vested Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share (U.S.$)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023	6,665,014	2.29
Vested	(6,665,014)	2.29
Outstanding as of September 30, 2024	—	—

Outstanding as of December 31, 2022	13,444,469	2.38
Vested	(6,722,228)	2.47
Outstanding as of September 30, 2023	6,722,241	2.29

There is no unrecognized equity-based compensation costs as of September 30, 2024 related to the CRSUs.

Restricted Stock Units

Following the Business Combination, the Company granted 2,721,624 restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and 2,680,372 performance-based restricted stock units (“PSUs”) subject to service, performance and/or market conditions. The service condition requires the participant’s continued services or employment with the Company through the applicable vesting date, and the performance condition requires the achievement of the performance criteria defined in the award agreement. The market condition is based on the Company’s TSR relative to a comparator group during a specified performance period.

The fair value of RSUs is determined by the market closing price of Common Stock at the grant date and is amortized over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. The fair value of PSUs that include vesting based on market conditions are estimated using the Monte Carlo valuation method. For PSUs with performance conditions, share-based compensation expense is only recognized if the performance conditions become probable to be satisfied. Compensation cost for these awards is amortized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period based on the grant date fair value, regardless of whether the market condition is satisfied. Accordingly, the Company recorded share-based compensation expense of $358 and $1,058 related to these RSUs and $2,463 and $971 related to these PSUs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded share-based compensation expense of $577 and $1,536 related to these RSUs and $880 and $2,388 related to these PSUs, respectively.

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MICROVAST HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)

NOTE 13. SHARE-BASED PAYMENT - continued

Restricted Stock Units - continued

The non-vested shares activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was as follows:


	Number of Non-Vested Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share (U.S.$)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023	3,598,606	3.07
Grant	79,909	1.40
Vested	(503,505)	2.65
Forfeited	(777,206)	4.29
Outstanding as of September 30, 2024	2,397,804	2.71

Outstanding as of December 31, 2022	1,222,837	6.92
Grant	3,354,633	1.88
Vested	(496,586)	3.39
Forfeited	(103,424)	4.59
Outstanding as of September 30, 2023	3,977,460	3.17

The total unrecognized equity-based compensation costs as of September 30, 2024 related to the non-vested shares was $2,093.

The following summarizes the classification of share-based compensation:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Cost of revenues	$	771	$	1,530	$	3,390	$	4,559
General and administrative expenses	3,392		10,444		19,192		35,031
Research and development expenses	1,604		2,953		5,902		8,660
Selling and marketing expenses	534		935		1,805		3,391
Construction in process	8		140		22		429
Total	$	6,309	$	16,002	$	30,311	$	52,070

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MICROVAST HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)

NOTE 14. CONVERTIBLE LOAN WITH SHAREHOLDER MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE

On May 28, 2024, Microvast Inc. entered into a $25,000 convertible loan agreement ("Loan Agreement") with Mr. Yang Wu, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chairman.

The loan includes an Initial Term Loan of $12,000 and a Delayed Draw Term Loan of $13,000 at an initial interest rate equal to Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"), plus an initial Applicable Margin of 9.75% per annum, 3.75% of which shall be paid in kind rather than in cash. The maturity date is November 28, 2025, which may be accelerated upon the occurrence and continuance of an event of default in accordance with the terms of the Loan Agreement. The Loan Agreement also provides Mr. Wu with the right to convert the outstanding principal balance of the Loan, into shares of common stock at an initial conversion rate equal to two shares of Common Stock per $1.00 of principal amount to be converted.

The Initial Term Loans of $12,000 was received in May 2024 and the Delayed Draw Term loan of $13,000 was received in July 2024.

The loan is secured by a first priority security interest in substantially all of its assets by Microvast Inc. and all other entities within the Group as guarantors.

The Group has elected fair value option to account for the convertible loan. Direct costs and fees related to the convertible loan were expensed as incurred. The fair value was determined by using a discounted cash flow model for the bond component and a Black-Scholes-Merton model for the conversion option, which is considered a Level 3 fair value measurement. Subsequent changes in the fair value are recorded as gains (losses) in the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operation. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, a gain of $2,764 and $1,174 on fair value change of convertible loan with shareholder was recorded, respectively. The outstanding balance for the Convertible loan with shareholder was $24,423 as of September 30, 2024.

In connection with the convertible loan from Mr. Wu Yang, on May 28, 2024, the Company issued to Mr. Wu a warrant exercisable for 5,500,000 shares of Common Stock at an initial exercise price of $2.00 per share. The warrant expires on May 28, 2029. No warrants were exercised during the period ended September 30, 2024. As of September 30, 2024, 5,500,000 warrants were outstanding and the Group recorded the warrant value of $779 in additional paid in capital. Equity classified warrants were recorded at fair value at issuance with no changes recognized subsequent to the issuance date.

The significant input of the discounted cash flow model for the bond component is the discount rate. Below are the key inputs used in Black-Scholes-Merton model for the conversion option:


	September 30, 2024
Market price of public stock	$	0.25
Exercise price	$	0.50
Expected term (years)	1.16
Volatility	55.50		%
Risk-free interest rate	3.85		%
Dividend rate	0.00		%

The market price of public stock is the quoted market price of the Company’s Common Stock as of the valuation date. The exercise price is extracted from the warrant agreements. The expected term is derived from the exercisable years based on the warrant agreements. The expected volatility is estimated using a blend of the average volatility of peer companies and the Company's historical volatility. The risk-free interest rate was estimated based on the market yield of U.S. Government Bond with maturity close to the expected term of the warrants. The dividend yield was estimated by the Company based on its expected dividend policy over the expected term of the warrants.

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MICROVAST HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)

NOTE 15. NET PROFIT/(LOSS) PER SHARE

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net profit/(loss) per share for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Numerator:
Net profit/(loss) attributable to common stock shareholders-Basic	$	13,247	$	(26,130)	$	(90,019)	$	(81,800)
Changes in fair value of convertible loan	(2,764)		—		—		—
Net profit/(loss) attributable to common stock shareholders-Dilutive	$	10,483	$	(26,130)	$	(90,019)	$	(81,800)

Denominator:
Weighted average common stock used in computing basic net profit/(loss) per share	320,545,388		313,108,457		317,153,113		309,541,499
Weighted-average effect of dilutive stocks:
Add:
Diluted effect of shares issuable upon exercise of non-vested shares	1,048,846		—		—		—
Diluted effect of shares issuable upon exercise of Capped non-vested shares	1,654,338		—		—		—
Diluted effect of shares issuable upon convert of convertible loan	43,782,609		—		—		—
Weighted average stock used in computing diluted net profit/(loss) per share	367,031,181		313,108,457		317,153,113		309,541,499

Basic net profit/(loss) per share	$	0.04	$	(0.08)	$	(0.28)	$	(0.26)
Diluted net profit/(loss) per share	$	0.03	$	(0.08)	$	(0.28)	$	(0.26)

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MICROVAST HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)

NOTE 15. NET PROFIT/(LOSS) PER SHARE

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the following Common Stock outstanding were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share, as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive for the periods prescribed.


	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024	2023	2024	2023
Shares issuable upon exercise of stock options	31,431,068	35,830,564	31,812,977	36,001,774
Shares issuable upon vesting of non-vested shares	1,371,685	3,898,963	2,646,585	3,652,642
Shares issuable upon vesting of Capped non-vested shares	—	8,343,220	4,950,938	11,662,166
Shares issuable upon exercise of warrants	33,937,000	28,437,000	30,946,124	28,437,000
Shares issuable upon vesting of Earn-out shares	4,999,997	19,999,988	14,963,495	19,999,988
Shares issuable that may be subject to cancellation	1,687,500	1,687,500	1,687,500	1,687,500
Shares issuable upon convert of convertible loan	—	—	17,678,832	—

NOTE 16. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Litigation

Corporate Governance Actions

The directors of Company predecessor, Tuscan, have been named as defendants in a litigation filed in the Court of Chancery captioned Matt Jacob v. Stephen A. Vogel, et al., C.A. No. 2022-0600-PAF (Del. Ch.) (filed July 7, 2022). The plaintiff is seeking to certify the litigation as a stockholder class action. The complaint alleges that defendants breached their fiduciary duties in connection with Tuscan’s acquisition of Microvast, Inc., including by making inadequate disclosures concerning the projected earnings of Microvast, Inc. The plaintiff further alleges that once the earnings of the combined company became public, the Company’s stock dropped, causing losses to investors. Certain defendants have answered the complaint, and certain defendants have filed motions to dismiss, which are being argued on December 6, 2024.

On December 13, 2023, in response to a stockholder litigation demand, the Company filed a petition in the Court of Chancery pursuant to Section 205 of the Delaware General Corporation Law seeking validation of an amendment to the Company’s Amended Certificate of Incorporation, the Business Combination and the issuance of the shares issued pursuant thereto, and the Company’s Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation adopted in connection with the Business Combination (collectively, the "Acts") to resolve any uncertainty with respect to those matters, which action was captioned In re Microvast Holdings Inc., C.A. No. 2023-1245-PAF. On March 18, 2024, the Court of Chancery granted the petition, validating and declaring effective each Act as of the time and date such Act was originally taken.

The Company, the directors of Company predecessor, Tuscan, and certain former and current Company officers and directors have also been named as defendants in a litigation filed in the Court of Chancery captioned Denish Bhavsar v. Stephen Vogel, et al., Case No. 2024-0137-PAF (Del. Ch.) (filed Feb. 14, 2024). The plaintiff purports to assert derivative claims on behalf of the Company. The complaint alleges that the individual defendants breached their fiduciary duties in connection with Tuscan’s acquisition of Microvast, Inc., including by making inadequate disclosures concerning Microvast, Inc.’s earnings and alleged conflicts of interest that existed between certain directors and Company stockholders.

Table of Contents

MICROVAST HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)

NOTE 16. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES - continued

Litigation-continued

Corporate Governance Actions-continued

The Company, and certain former and current Company officers and directors have also been named as defendants in a litigation filed in the Court of Chancery captioned Henry Park v. Yang Wu, et al., C.A. No. 2024-0868-PAF (Del. Ch.) (filed August 19, 2024). The plaintiff purports to assert derivative claims on behalf of the Company. The complaint alleges that certain individual defendants breached their fiduciary duties in connection with Tuscan’s acquisition of Microvast, Inc., including by making inadequate disclosures concerning Microvast, Inc.’s earnings and by refusing to investigate a litigation demand. On October 14, 2024, the Company and other defendants filed a motion to dismiss but the judge has not yet ruled on the motion.

The Company has received additional demands from purported Company stockholders, requesting that the Company’s Board of Directors investigate whether current and former directors and officers of the Company and its predecessors, Tuscan and Microvast Inc., breached their fiduciary duties by allegedly making material misrepresentations about inter alia (1) Microvast Inc.’s performance and financial health in connection with the merger between Tuscan and Microvast, Inc., and (2) the Company’s loss of a conditional grant from the United States Department of Energy. The Company has responded to certain of the demands and is evaluating responses to others. The Company has also received and responded to a stockholder demand for books and records made pursuant to Section 220 of the Delaware General Corporation Law that purportedly seeks to investigate the loss of the DOE grant.

Securities Litigation

The Company and certain of its officers have also been named as defendants in a putative class action complaint by a shareholder of the Company in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas under the caption Schelling v. Microvast Holdings, Inc., Case No. 4:23-cv-04565 (S.D. Tex.) (filed Dec. 5, 2023) (the "Schelling Action"). The complaint alleges that defendants violated certain federal securities laws by making misleading statements regarding the receipt of a conditional grant from the United States Department of Energy, the Company’s profitability, and the nature of Company-associated operations in China. On March 1, 2024, the court appointed Co-Lead Plaintiffs and Co-Lead Counsel for the proposed class of Company investors. Plaintiffs amended their complaint on May 13, 2024, and Defendants filed a motion to dismiss on June 20, 2024. Briefing on the motion to dismiss was completed on September 10, 2024. The Court has not ruled yet on the motion.

The Company and certain of its officers and directors have also been named as defendants in three derivative actions filed in the Southern District of Texas under the captions Bhavsar v. Wu et al., No. 4:24-cv-00372 (S.D. Tex.) (filed Jan. 31, 2024), Marti et al v. Wu et al, Case No. 4:24-cv-00633 (S.D. Tex.) (filed Feb. 23, 2024), Gidaro v. Wu et al, Case No. 4:24-cv-00828 (S.D. Tex.) (filed Mar. 6, 2024). The complaints allege that the officer and director defendants violated the federal securities laws by making inadequate disclosures substantially similar to those alleged in the Schelling Action. The complaints further allege that these inadequate disclosures resulted from, and constituted, breaches of the officer and director defendants’ fiduciary duties. On February 24, 2024, the court entered in an order in the first-filed case, Bhavsar v. Wu et al., No. 4:24-cv-00372, consolidating the Bhavsar case and Marti et al v. Wu et al, Case No. 4:24-cv-00633. The consolidated derivative litigation (the “Consolidated Derivative Action”) is captioned In re Microvast Holdings, Inc. Derivative Litigation, Lead Case No. 4:24-cv-00372 (S.D. Tex.). The parties in the Gidardo action filed a stipulation to consolidate the Gidaro case into the Consolidated Derivative Action. The Consolidated Derivative Action is stayed pending disposition of an anticipated motion to dismiss in the Schelling Action.

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MICROVAST HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)

NOTE 16. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES - continued

Pursuant to the Company's governing documents and indemnification agreements entered into by the Company with certain of the named defendants, in the above-described actions, the Company has indemnified those defendants for all expenses and losses related to the litigation subject to the terms of those indemnification agreements. While the lawsuits are being vigorously defended, other reported lawsuits of this type have resulted in a broad range of outcomes, with each case being dependent on its own unique set of facts and circumstances. Litigation of this kind can lead to settlement negotiations, including negotiations prompted by pre-trial civil court procedures. The outcome of any litigation is inherently uncertain, and there is always the possibility that a court rules in a manner that is adverse to the interests of the Company and the individual defendants. However, the amount of any such loss in that scenario, which could be material, cannot be reasonably estimated at this time.

Litigation-continued

Other Matters

The Company and Microvast Energy, Inc. (“Microvast Energy”), a subsidiary of the Company, have been named as defendants in a litigation filed in the Chancery Court for the State of Tennessee under the caption Stoncor Group, Inc. v. Microvast, Inc., et al, Case No. CD-24-12 (Tenn. Ch.) (filed Mar. 18, 2024). The plaintiff alleges that the Company failed to pay it for construction work that it performed on a Microvast facility in Tennessee, and seeks damages of $1,251, plus certain fees and expenses, and foreclosure on the facility to satisfy the payment allegedly owed.

Deidra Milan is an ex-employee of Microvast, and is the putative representative of a class of more than 100 individual employees who were let go from their jobs at a plant in Clarksville, Tennessee. She has filed Civil Action No. 3:24-cv-00627, Deidre Milan, Plaintiff v. Microvast, Inc. and Microvast Holdings, Inc. in the US District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee. The Company filed an answer to the suit on July 19, 2024. The Class Action Complaint is brought under the Worker Adjustment and Notification Act, 29 U.S.C. §§2101-2109 (the “WARN Act”), which requires advance notice before certain types of plant closings and mass layoffs. Plaintiff alleges that Defendants failed to give proper advance notice of a mass layoff in violation of the WARN Act. Plaintiffs seek backpay, medical expenses, attorney’s fees and statutory penalties in an unspecified amount.

Microvast, Inc., a subsidiary of the Company, has been named as a defendant in a contract dispute litigation filed in Montgomery County Chancery Court for the State of Tennessee under the caption DPR Construction, GP vs. Microvast, Inc., et al, Case No. CD-24-31 (Tenn. Ch.) (filed June 20, 2024). The Plaintiff alleges that the Company failed to pay it for construction work that is performed on a Microvast facility in Tennessee, and seeks damages of $19,950 in progress billings, the additional sum of $1,566 being held as retainage on Plaintiff's progress billings under the contract, lost profits on the work yet to be performed under the contract plus certain fees and expenses, and foreclosure on the facility to satisfy the payment allegedly owed. The Parties entered into a settlement agreement and this matter has been stayed by order of the court.

Microvast, Inc. has been named as a defendant in a contract dispute litigation filed in Montgomery County Chancery Court for the State of Tennessee under the caption Faith Technologies, Inc. Microvast, Inc. et al., Case No. CD-24-36 (Tenn. Ch.) (filed on July 15, 2024). Plaintiff asserts claims for damages related to its subcontract with DPR Construction, GP under which Plaintiff provided fire protection system services on a Microvast facility in Tennessee, and seeks damages of $1,699 plus cost of court and attorneys and prejudgment interest.

Microvast, Inc. has been named as a defendant in an action filed in Montgomery County Chancery Court for the State of Tennessee under the caption Bernhard MCC v. Hodess Cleanroom Construction, LLC, Hodess Construction Corporation, Microvast, Inc., and The Industrial Development Board of the County of Montgomery, Case No. CD-24-26 (Tenn. Ch.) (filed on May 28, 2024) brought by a subcontractor on the Microvast Facility in Tennessee for lien enforcement of $2,173. On October 10, 2024, this case was dismissed with prejudice.

Microvast, Inc. was named as a defendant in an action filed in Montgomery County Chancery Court for the State of Tennessee under the caption Bernhard MCC, LLC. vs. U.S. Engineering Innovations, LLC, DPR Construction, Microvast, Inc. and the Industrial Development Board of the County of Montgomery, Case No. CD-24-27 (Tenn. Ch.) (filed on May 28, 2024 ) brought by a subcontractor on the Microvast Facility in Tennessee for lien enforcement of $5,681. The Parties entered into a settlement agreement and this matter has been stayed by order of the court.

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MICROVAST HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)

NOTE 16. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES - continued

Microvast, Inc. was named as a defendant in an action filed in Montgomery County Chancery Court for the State of Tennessee under the caption Virginia Transformer Corp. v. Microvast, Inc.and the Industrial Development Board of the County of Montgomery, Tennessee, Case No. RE-24-32 (Tenn. Ch.) (filed on July 01, 2024) brought by a prime contractor on the Microvast Facility in Tennessee for lien enforcement of $1,769. The Parties entered into a settlement agreement and a motion to stay will be filed with the court.

Litigation-continued

Other Matters-continued

The Group is also involved in other litigation, claims, and proceedings. The Group evaluates the status of each legal matter and assesses the potential financial exposure. If the potential loss from any legal proceedings or litigation is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated, the Group accrues a liability for the estimated loss. Significant judgment is required to determine the probability of a loss and whether the amount of the loss is reasonably estimated. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, based on the information currently available, the Group believes that any loss contingencies that may arise as a result of currently pending legal proceedings cannot be accurately quantified at this time and thus cannot determine whether they will have a material adverse effect on the Group’s business, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows.

Capital commitments

Capital commitments for construction of property and purchase of property, plant and equipment were $42,074 as of September 30, 2024.

Purchase Commitments

Purchase commitments for non-cancelable contractual obligations primarily related to purchases of inventory were $52,262 as of September 30, 2024.

Pledged assets

Other than those disclosed in Note 7, the Group may pledge certain assets to banks to secure the issuance of bank acceptance notes for the Group. As of September 30, 2024, notes receivable from customers in the amount of $4,299, together with certain of our machinery and equipment with a carrying value of $25,729 has been pledged to secure the issuance of such notes.

Liens

As of September 30, 2024, the Company had received $35,656 of liens.

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MICROVAST HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)

NOTE 17. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Subsequent funding activities

From third quarter end to the date of issuance of the financial statements in this Report, the Company received $3,297 of short-term bank borrowings and $6,665 of long-term bank borrowings.

Subsequent settlement agreements with creditors

Subsequent to September 30, 2024, and up to the issuance date of these financial statements, the Group has entered into several settlement agreements with certain suppliers with payables totaling approximately $4,346 as of September 30, 2024. Under these agreements, the group has received concessions that forgive certain contractually owed amounts and allow for deferred payment schedules. Through these settlements, a total payable concession of approximately $1,036 was achieved, resulting in a net settlement of $3,310. The remaining balances will generally be paid in monthly installments over the next twelve months. The Group is currently assessing the accounting impact of these settlements.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

References in this Report to the “Company,” “Microvast Holdings, Inc.,” “Microvast,” “our,” “us” or “we” refer to Microvast Holdings, Inc. The following discussion and analysis of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the unaudited interim condensed financial statements and the notes thereto contained elsewhere in this report. Certain information contained in the discussion and analysis set forth below includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties.

Business

Microvast Holdings, Inc., an advanced battery technology company, is headquartered in Stafford, Texas, and publicly traded on the NASDAQ. We specialize in the design, development, and manufacturing of high-performance lithium-ion battery systems and components, primarily for electric commercial vehicles ('EVs') and utility-scale energy storage systems ('ESS'). Since our inception in 2006, our mission has been to drive the transition to clean energy by accelerating the adoption of electric vehicles and renewable energy solutions through innovative battery technology.

Our company was founded on the principle of true innovation in battery design—eschewing legacy technologies and embracing a fresh, pioneering approach to lithium-ion battery development. This ethos distinguishes Microvast from competitors who have adapted existing battery technologies to new markets, such as electric vehicles. We focus on ground-up innovation to address the specific needs of these evolving sectors.

Microvast has a fully vertically integrated approach to battery development, allowing us to control every aspect of the production process, from cell materials (cathode, anode, electrolyte, separator) to system cooling and proprietary software controls. This capability enables us to innovate across the entire battery system, improving efficiency, energy density, charging speed, and safety, which are critical for commercial EVs and energy storage systems.

Our flagship product is the 53.5Ah high-energy nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) battery cell, which is designed specifically for electric vehicles. The 53.5Ah cell combines fast charging capabilities, high energy density, and long cycle life, making it an ideal solution for demanding commercial applications. To bring this product to market, we have made significant investments in our fully automated production facilities in Huzhou, China, which now supports large-scale production of the 53.5Ah cell.

Since the launch of our first ultra-fast charging battery system in 2009, we have delivered approximately 5,576.4 megawatt hours (“MWh”) of battery systems for electric vehicles. For the quarter ended September 30, 2024, we reported a 27% increase in revenue, reaching $101.4 million compared to $80.1 million in the same period in 2023. Our order backlog as of September 30, 2024, stands at $277.7 million for EV battery systems, representing approximately 1,144.1 MWh, with over 58% of these orders attributable to Europe and U.S. markets. We expect to fulfill a majority of our electric vehicle battery backlog within 2024 and 2025.

Looking forward, Microvast aims to expand its focus on ESS to capitalize on the growing demand for renewable energy solutions. We are committed to becoming a global leader in the ESS market, recognizing that electric vehicles are only as green as the energy that powers them. Addressing this relationship between clean energy and electrification is at the core of our research and development strategy and will shape our future growth.

We originally intended to produce 53.5Ah cells from our Clarksville, Tennessee facility for our ESS and EV products and had made significant investments in our capacity expansion there. However, due to market demand, regulation policies, and our competitors lowering their selling prices, we believe lithium iron phosphate (“LFP”) cells are a better battery fit for our ESS solutions and intend to produce LFP cells from our Tennessee facility instead of 53.5Ah cells. As such, we expect that all of our production of 53.5Ah cells will be from our facilities in China, and in the United States we will focus on LFP production for our energy storage solutions to customers worldwide. We believe this strategic shift towards LFP technology in the U.S. leverages cost benefits, safety features, regulatory compliance, and lower environmental impact for the following reasons:

Production and Application Suitability. While NMC batteries provide high energy density and performance suitable for electric vehicles, we believe these characteristics are less critical for energy storage systems. LFP batteries, in contrast, offer performance parameters that align well with ESS requirements due to their stability and durability over longer discharge periods.

Cost Efficiency and Resource Utilization. LFP batteries are generally 20-40% less expensive per kilowatt-hour compared to NMC batteries. We believe this cost advantage, coupled with the reduced reliance on scarce minerals such as cobalt, makes LFP an economically and environmentally preferable choice for ESS. The extended lifecycle of our LFP

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batteries enhances their cost-effectiveness over prolonged operational durations, presenting a compelling value proposition for large-scale energy storage applications.

Reliability Enhancements. LFP batteries demonstrate better structural stability and higher thermal thresholds, reducing risks associated with overheating and thermal runaway. Our proprietary technology, which incorporates nitrogen protection systems within our ESS containers, further enhances the reliability profile of our ESS solutions, demonstrating our dedication to risk mitigation in the energy storage sector.

Tax Incentives. Our domestically produced LFP batteries and energy storage containers are expected to qualify with U.S. domestic content requirements and qualify for the Inflation Reduction Act Section 45X energy efficiency incentives, thereby enhancing the economic viability of our ESS solutions.

Environmental Impact. LFP batteries do not contain cobalt, which is often associated with significant environmental degradation and ethical concerns related to its mining practices. This attribute underscores our commitment to environmental sustainability and positions LFP batteries as a more eco-friendly option in the energy storage market.

While we believe these advantages make LFP batteries better suited for meeting the current and future demands of our ESS solutions, we are in the early stages of exploring this new product which is currently in the pilot stage in China. We can provide no assurance as to whether and when our LFP product will become available, when our Clarksville, Tennessee facility will be completed, or if our LFP batteries will ever be marketable. The lithium-based battery market is highly competitive and there can be no assurance that the use of our LFP product or ESS solutions will gain market acceptance. Additionally, we might encounter practical difficulties and may incur additional costs during the scale-up of our LFP operations.

Completion of the Business Combination

On July 23, 2021, Microvast Holdings, Inc. (formerly known as Tuscan Holdings Corp.) consummated the previously announced acquisition of Microvast, Inc., a Delaware corporation, pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated February 1, 2021, between Tuscan, Microvast and TSCN Merger Sub Inc., a Delaware corporation, pursuant to which Merger Sub merged with and into Microvast, with Microvast surviving the merger.

Going Concern

In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 205-40, Going Concern, we evaluate whether there are certain conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. This evaluation includes considerations related to our liquidity resource. Given the uncertainties around our liquidity as described in Note 2 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of this Quarterly Report and in this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, we have concluded that there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for at least one year from the date of issuance of the unaudited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. For more information, see Note 2 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements of this Quarterly Report and the risk factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 "There is substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern", "We may be unable to meet our current capital requirements and will require additional capital to meet our outstanding accounts payable and current liabilities".

Key Factors Affecting Our Performance

We believe that our future success will be dependent on several factors, including those discussed below. While these areas represent opportunities for us, they also represent challenges and risks that we must successfully address in order to continue the growth of our business and improve our results of operations.

Technology and Product Innovation

Our financial performance is driven by development and sales of new products with innovative technology. Our ability to develop innovative technology has been and will continue to be dependent on our dedicated research team. As part of our efforts to develop innovative technology, in October 2021, we expanded our R&D footprint in the U.S. We also plan to continue leveraging our knowledge base in our overseas locations, including China and to continue expanding our R&D efforts on a global basis. We expect our results of operations will continue to be impacted by our ability to develop new products with improved performance and reduced ownership cost, as well as the cost of our R&D efforts.

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Market Demand

Our revenue and profitability depend substantially on the demand for battery systems and battery components, which is driven by the growth of the commercial and passenger electric vehicle and energy storage markets. Many factors contribute to the development of the electric vehicle and battery energy storage sector, including product innovation, general economic and political conditions, environmental concerns, energy demand, government support and economic incentives (e.g., the Inflation Reduction Act in the U.S. and the E.U. Green Deal, E.U. Fit for 55). While governmental economic incentives and mandates can drive market demand for the markets in which we operate and, as a result, battery systems and components, governmental economic incentives can always be gradually reduced or eliminated. Any reduction or elimination of governmental economic incentives may result in reduced demand for our products and adversely affect our financial performance.

Manufacturing Capacity

Our growth depends on being able to meet anticipated demand for our products. As of September 30, 2024, we had a backlog of approximately $277.7 million for our electric vehicles battery systems, equivalent to approximately 1,144.1 MWh. To increase our manufacturing output, address our backlog and capture growing market opportunities, we have made significant investment in capacity expansions in both Huzhou, China and Tennessee, United States.

In the third quarter of 2023, we successfully completed the 2 GWh cell, module and tray capacity expansion for our 53.5Ah cell technology in Huzhou, China which is now in operation and generating revenue from sales of electric battery systems.

The Tennessee expansion was originally scheduled to be completed in the fourth quarter of 2023 and was intended for production of 53.5Ah cells for our ESS solutions. However, we believe LFP cells are a better battery fit for our ESS solutions and intend to produce LFP cells from the Tennessee facility instead of 53.5Ah cells. As such, we expect that all our production of 53.5Ah cells will be from our facilities in China, and in the United States we will focus on LFP production for our energy storage solutions to customers worldwide. Additionally, our ESS products previously assembled in Colorado are now planned to be assembled at our Tennessee facility. In order to complete the Tennessee expansion, we need to secure financing to meet the remaining capital expenditure needs, and the timing of when this project will be in operation remains uncertain. We are in the process of evaluating the amount of capital expenditures needed to complete the Tennessee expansion in light of the intended production shift from NMC cells to LFP cells.

Future capacity expansions will require significant capital expenditures and will require a corresponding expansion of our supporting infrastructure, further development of our sales and marketing team, an expansion of our customer base and strengthened quality control. This capacity expansion will be carried out in a measured manner based on our ongoing assessment of medium- and long-term demand for our solutions.

Sales Geographic Mix

After initially being focused on the Asia & Pacific regions, we have expanded and continue to expand our presence and product promotion to Europe and the U.S. to capitalize on the rapidly growing electric vehicle and battery energy storage markets in those geographies. As we continue to expand our geographic focus to Europe and the U.S., we believe sales of our products in Europe and the U.S. will have the potential to generate higher gross margins because average sales prices for customers in Europe and the U.S. are typically significantly higher than the average sales prices in China. It has been our experience that buyers in Europe and the U.S. are more motivated by the technologies and quality of our products than are buyers in China, making them less sensitive to the price of our products than are similarly situated buyers in China where we are also faced with intense competition from local Chinese battery manufacturers. Therefore, the geographic sources of our revenue will have an impact on our revenue and gross margins.

Manufacturing Costs

Our profitability may also be affected by our ability to effectively manage our manufacturing costs. Our manufacturing costs are affected by fluctuations in the price of raw materials. If raw material prices increase, we will have to offset these higher costs either through price increases to our customers or through productivity improvements. Our ability to control our raw materials costs is also dependent on our ability to negotiate with our suppliers for a better price and our ability to source raw materials from reliable suppliers in a cost-efficient manner. In addition, we expect that an increase in our sales volume will enable us to lower our manufacturing costs through economies of scale.

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Regulatory Landscape

We operate in an industry that is subject to many established environmental regulations, which have generally become more stringent over time, particularly with respect to hazardous waste generation and disposal and pollution control. These regulations affect the cost of our products and our gross margins. We are also affected by regulations in our target markets, such as economic incentives to purchasers of electric vehicles, tax credits for electric vehicle manufacturers or developers of renewable energy projects, and economic penalties that may apply to a car manufacturer based on its fleet-wide emissions or more generally legislation aimed at reducing GHGs. Each of these regulations may expand the market size for both electric vehicles and energy storage , which would, in turn, benefit us. We have operations and sales in China, the Asia & Pacific region, Europe and the U.S. and, as a result, changes in trade restrictions and tariffs could impact our ability to meet projected sales or margins.

Basis of Presentation

We currently conduct our business through one operating segment. Our historical results are reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP and in U.S. dollars.

Components of Results of Operations

Revenues

We derive revenue from the sales of our electric battery products, including LpTO, LpCO, MpCO, HpCO and HnCo battery power systems. While we have historically marketed and sold our products primarily in China and the wider Asia-Pacific region, While we have historically marketed and sold our products primarily in China and the broader Asia-Pacific region, we are also expanding our international sales presence, with notable revenue growth in the EMEA (Europe, Middle East, and Africa) region. This expansion reflects increasing demand and positive growth trends in EMEA as we continue to broaden our global market reach. The following table sets forth a breakdown of our revenue by major geographic regions in which our customers are located, for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2024				2023
(In thousands)	Amt		%		Amt		%
People’s Republic of China ("PRC")	$	28,716	28	%	$	36,289	45	%
Other Asia & Pacific countries	10,550		10	%	24,611		31	%
Asia & Pacific	39,266		38	%	60,900		76	%
Europe	59,479		59	%	19,034		24	%
U.S.	2,643		3	%	182		—	%
Total	$	101,388	100	%	$	80,116	100	%


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024				2023
(In thousands)	Amt		%		Amt		%
People’s Republic of China ("PRC")	$	89,190	33	%	$	115,023	57	%
Other Asia & Pacific countries	36,215		14	%	46,280		23	%
Asia & Pacific	125,405		47	%	161,303		80	%
Europe	135,145		51	%	38,556		19	%
U.S.	5,864		2	%	2,183		1	%
Total	$	266,414	100	%	$	202,042	100	%

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We have historically derived a portion of our revenue in a given reporting period from a limited number of key customers, which vary from period to period. The following table summarizes net revenues from customers that accounted for over 10% of our net revenues for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
A	54	%	18	%
B	*		15	%
C	*		12	%


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
A	43	%	15	%
B	*		14	%
D	11	%	*

*Revenue from such customers represented less than 10% of our revenue during the respective periods.

Cost of Revenues and Gross Profit

Cost of revenues includes direct and indirect materials, manufacturing overhead (including depreciation, freight and logistics), warranty reserves and expenses, write-down of obsolete inventories, and labor costs and related personnel expenses, including stock-based compensation and other related expenses that are directly attributable to the manufacturing of products.

Gross profit is equal to revenues less cost of revenues. Gross profit margin is equal to gross profit divided by revenues.

Operating Expenses

Operating expenses consist of selling and marketing, general and administrative and research and development expenses.

Selling and marketing expenses. Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs associated with our sales and marketing functions, including share-based compensation, and other expenses related to advertising and promotions of our products. We intend to hire additional sales personnel, initiate additional marketing programs and build additional relationships with our customers. Accordingly, we expect that our selling and marketing expenses will continue to increase in absolute dollars in the long term as we expand our business.

General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses associated with our executive team members, including share-based compensation, legal, finance, human resource and information technology functions, as well as fees for professional services, depreciation and amortization and insurance expenses. We expect to incur additional costs as we hire personnel and enhance our infrastructure to support the anticipated growth of our business.

Research and development expenses. Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, including share-based compensation, raw material expenses relating to materials used for experiments, utility expenses and depreciation expenses attributable to research and development activities. Over time, we expect our research and development expense to increase in absolute dollars as we continue to make significant investments in developing new products, applications, functionality and other offerings.

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Subsidy Income

Government subsidies represent government grants received from local government authorities. The amounts of and conditions attached to each subsidy were determined at the sole discretion of the relevant governmental authorities. Our subsidy income is non-recurring in nature.

Other Income and Expenses

Other income and expenses consist primarily of interest expense associated with our debt financing arrangements, interest income earned on our cash balances, gains and losses from foreign exchange conversion, and gains and losses on disposal of assets.

Income Tax Expense

We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions in which we do business, namely the PRC, Germany and the UK. These foreign jurisdictions have statutory tax rates different from those in the U.S. Accordingly, our effective tax rates will vary depending on the relative proportion of foreign to U.S. income, the absorption of foreign tax credits, changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities and changes in tax laws. We regularly assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from the examination of our tax returns by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”), and other tax authorities to determine the adequacy of our income tax reserves and expense. Should actual events or results differ from our current expectations, charges or credits to our income tax expense may become necessary. Any such adjustments could have a significant impact on our results of operations.

Income tax in the PRC is generally calculated at 25% of the estimated assessable profit of our subsidiaries in the PRC, except that two of our PRC subsidiaries were qualified as “High and New Tech Enterprises” and thus enjoyed a preferential income tax rate of 15%. Federal corporate income tax rate of 21% is applied for our U.S. entity. Income tax in the UK is calculated at an average tax rate of 19% of the estimated assessable profit of our subsidiary in the UK. German enterprise income tax, which is a combination of corporate income tax and trade tax, is calculated at 29.9% of the estimated assessable profit of our subsidiary in Germany.

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Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023

The following table sets forth our historical operating results for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended September 30,						$ Change		% Change
	2024			2023
Amount in thousands
Revenues	$	101,388		$	80,116		$	21,272	26.6	%
Cost of revenues	(67,776)			(62,232)			(5,544)		8.9	%
Gross profit	33,612			17,884			15,728		87.9	%
	33.2		%	22.3		%
Operating expenses:
General and administrative expenses	(11,841)			(24,980)			13,139		(52.6)	%
Research and development expenses	(10,692)			(13,241)			2,549		(19.3)	%
Selling and marketing expenses	(4,963)			(6,031)			1,068		(17.7)	%
Impairment loss of long-lived assets	(12)			(422)			410		(97.2)	%
Total operating expenses	(27,508)			(44,674)			17,166		(38.4)	%
Subsidy income	1,082			442			640		144.8	%
Profit/(loss) from operations	7,186			(26,348)			33,534		(127.3)	%

Other income and expenses:
Interest income	186			582			(396)		(68.0)	%
Interest expense	(4,290)			(491)			(3,799)		773.7	%
Changes in fair value of warrant and convertible loan	2,766			(42)			2,808		(6685.7)	%
Other income	7,399			127			7,272		5726.0	%
Profit/(loss) before provision for income taxes	13,247			(26,172)			39,419		(150.6)	%
Income tax expense	—			—			—		—	%
Net profit/(loss)	$	13,247		$	(26,172)		$	39,419	(150.6)	%
Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	—			(42)			42		(100.0)	%
Net profit/(loss) attributable to Microvast Holdings, Inc.'s shareholders	$	13,247		$	(26,130)		$	39,377	(150.7)	%

Revenues

Our revenues increased from approximately $80.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 to approximately $101.4 million for the same period in 2024, primarily driven by an increase in sales volume from approximately 319.2 MWh for three months ended September 30, 2023 to approximately 434.0 MWh for the same period in 2024.

Cost of Revenues and Gross Profit

Our cost of revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2024 increased by $5.5 million, or 8.9%, compared to the same period in 2023. The increase in the cost of revenues was primarily in line with the increased sales,

partially offset by $0.8 million of decreased share-based compensation expenses.

Our gross margin increased from 22.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 to 33.2% for the same period in 2024. The increase in gross margin was due to a combination of factors including better economies of scale through improving utilization, more favorable product mix and lower raw material prices.

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Operating Expenses

Selling and Marketing

Selling and Marketing expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2024 decreased $1.1 million or 17.7% compared to the same period in 2023. The decrease in Selling and Marketing expense was primarily due to $0.4 million of decreased share-based compensation expenses and the expenditure control in the U.S. since May 2024.

General and Administrative

General and Administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2024 decreased $13.1 million or 52.6% compared to the same period in 2023. The decrease in General and Administrative expenses was primarily due to $7.1 million of decreased share-based compensation expenses and the expenditure control in the U.S. since May 2024.

Research and Development

Research and Development expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2024 decreased $2.5 million or 19.3% compared to the same period in 2023. The decrease in Research and Development expenses was primarily due to $1.3 million of decreased share-based compensation expenses and the expenditure control in the U.S. since May 2024.

Other income

For the three months period ended September 30, 2024, we recorded $7.4 million of other income mainly due to $7.7 million gain on the payable concession during the third quarter of 2024.

Changes in fair value of warrant and convertible loan

For the three months period ended September 30, 2024, we recorded a gain of $2.8 million mainly due to the change in fair value of convertible loan with shareholder of $2.8 million, details please see Note 14 – Convertible loan with shareholder measured at fair value.

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Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023

The following table sets forth our historical operating results for the periods indicated:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,						$ Change		% Change
	2024			2023
Amount in thousands
Revenues	$	266,414		$	202,042		$	64,372	31.9	%
Cost of revenues	(188,382)			(167,839)			(20,543)		12.2	%
Gross profit	78,032			34,203			43,829		128.1	%
	29.3		%	16.9		%
Operating expenses:
General and administrative expenses	(59,146)			(68,874)			9,728		(14.1)	%
Research and development expenses	(32,291)			(33,609)			1,318		(3.9)	%
Selling and marketing expenses	(15,580)			(16,916)			1,336		(7.9)	%
Impairment loss of long-lived assets	(64,924)			(473)			(64,451)		13626.0	%
Total operating expenses	(171,941)			(119,872)			(52,069)		43.4	%
Subsidy income	2,351			1,156			1,195		103.4	%
Operating loss	(91,558)			(84,513)			(7,045)		8.3	%

Other income and expenses:
Interest income	551			3,481			(2,930)		(84.2)	%
Interest expense	(8,116)			(1,437)			(6,679)		464.8	%
Changes in fair value of warrant and convertible loan	1,240			(25)			1,265		(5060.0)	%
Other income, net	7,864			673			7,191		1068.5	%
Loss before income tax	(90,019)			(81,821)			(8,198)		10.0	%
Income tax expense	—			—			—		—	%
Net loss	$	(90,019)		$	(81,821)		$	(8,198)	10.0	%
Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	—			(21)			21		(100.0)	%
Net loss attributable to Microvast Holdings, Inc.'s shareholders	$	(90,019)		$	(81,800)		$	(8,219)	10.0	%

Revenues

Our revenues increased from approximately $202.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 to approximately $266.4 million for the same period in 2024, primarily driven by an increase in sales volume from approximately 722.0 MWh for nine months ended September 30, 2023 to approximately 1,088.9 MWh for the same period in 2024.

Cost of Revenues and Gross Profit

Our cost of revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 increased by $20.5 million, or 12.2%, compared to the same period in 2023. The increase in the cost of revenues was primarily in line with the increased sales, partially offset by $1.2 million of decreased share-based compensation expenses.

Our gross margin increased from 16.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 to 29.3% for the same period in 2024. The increase in gross margin was due to a combination of factors including better economies of scale, more favorable product mix and lower raw material prices.

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Operating Expenses

Selling and Marketing

Selling and Marketing expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 decreased by $1.3 million or 7.9% compared to the same period in 2023. The decrease in Selling and Marketing expense was primarily due to $1.6 million of decreased share-based compensation expenses.

General and Administrative

General and Administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 decreased by $9.7 million, or 14.1%, compared to the same period in 2023. The decrease in General and Administrative expenses was primarily due to $15.8 million of decreased share-based compensation expenses, offset by $6.7 million of increased professional fee and insurance fee.

Research and Development

Research and Development expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 decreased by $1.3 million, or 3.9%, compared to the same period in 2023. The decrease in Research and Development expenses was primarily due to $2.8 million of decreased share-based compensation expenses, offset by other investments in R&D activities.

Impairment loss of long-lived assets

The impairment loss of long-lived assets was $64.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily driven by a $64.8 million impairment loss in our U.S. operations in the second quarter of 2024. During the first half year of 2024, we initiated a strategic shift towards LFP technology in the U.S., and we decided to pause the construction of our battery plant in Tennessee until additional funding for the remaining capital expenditure is secured. As a result of these events and circumstances in the second quarter, we conducted impairment testing for our long-lived assets in the U.S. and recognized an impairment loss of $64.8 million.

Other income

For the nine months period ended September 30, 2024, we recorded $7.9 million of other income mainly due to $7.7 million gain on the payable concession during the third quarter of 2024.

Changes in fair value of warrant and convertible loan

For the nine months period ended September 30, 2024, we recorded a gain of $1.2 million mainly due to the change in fair value of convertible loan with shareholder of $1.2 million, details please see Note 14 – Convertible loan with shareholder measured at fair value.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Since inception, we have financed our operations primarily from capital contributions from equity holders, the issuance of convertible notes and bank borrowings.

The consolidated net cash position as of September 30, 2024 included cash and cash equivalents of $29.6 million and $19.3 million held by our PRC and European subsidiaries, respectively, that is not available to fund our U.S. operations unless funds are repatriated. Should we need to repatriate to the U.S. part or all of the funds held by our international subsidiaries in the form of a dividend, we would need to accrue and pay withholding taxes. We do not intend to pay any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future and intend to retain all of the available funds and any future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business in the PRC, Europe and the U.S.

In accordance with Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2014-15, “Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40),” management has evaluated whether there are conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are issued and has determined that the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent on its ability to raise additional capital or secure financing. In light of the capital expenditures required to settle the outstanding payables associated with the Group's Tennessee expansion and operating requirements under its current business plan, the Company is projecting that its existing cash and cash equivalents will not be sufficient to fund its operations and capital expenditure needs through

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the next twelve months from the date of issuance of its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. These conditions and events raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Management has secured a $29,911 bank loan in the third quarter of 2024, with an additional $9,962 received in October 2024. Further details can be found in Note 7- Bank Borrowings. Workforce reductions were made in the U.S. during the second and third quarters of 2024, delivering cost savings and enhanced cash flow. Further plans to alleviate the conditions that raise substantial doubt include:

1.Operational Improvements: With profitability achieved in the third quarter of 2024, management expects that continued execution of its strategies will generate positive cash flow from operations over the next twelve months.

2.Asset Sales: The Group is actively pursuing the sale of non-core U.S. real estate assets, with an expectation of increasing liquidity without affecting core operations.

3.Additional Funding Options: Although no additional binding financing agreement has been entered into besides those disclosed in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, the Group is actively engaged in discussions with third parties to explore further funding options.

These plans are not final and are subject to market and other conditions not within our control. As such, there can be no assurance that we will be successful in obtaining sufficient capital. Accordingly, management has concluded under the accounting standards that these plans do not alleviate substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Should sufficient capital not be secured through the plans, or should there be a delay in the timing of securing capital through these alternatives, this would have adverse implications for the Company and our shareholders. In these scenarios, we will need to seek other options, including delaying or reducing operating and capital expenditure and the possibility of an alternative transaction.

Financings

As of September 30, 2024, we had bank borrowings of $119.6 million, the terms of which range from 1 to 27 months. The interest rates on our bank borrowings ranged from 3.30% to 4.85% per annum. As of September 30, 2024, we had convertible bonds outstanding of $43.2 million, with interest rates ranging from 3% to 4%. The convertible bonds are all due in 2027. As of September 30, 2024, we also had the Convertible loan with shareholder of $24.4 million outstanding at an initial interest rate equal to Term SOFR for the applicable interest period, plus an initial applicable margin of 9.75% per annum, 3.75% of which shall be paid in kind and added to the outstanding principal under the Convertible loan with shareholder, with the remaining interest to be paid in cash. See Note 14 for details. As of September 30, 2024, we were in compliance with all material terms and covenants of our loan agreements, credit agreements and bonds.

On July 23, 2021, we received $708.4 million from the completion of the Business Combination, $705.1 million net of transaction costs paid by Microvast, Inc. We have used $469.3 million of the net proceeds from the Business Combination to expand our manufacturing facilities and for the purchase of property and equipment associated with our existing manufacturing and R&D facilities. In addition, $181.3 million of the net proceeds were used for working capital as of September 30, 2024.

Capital expenditures and other contractual obligations

Our capital expenditures amounted to $150.9 million and $186.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively. Our capital expenditures in 2022 and 2023 related primarily to the construction of manufacturing facilities in Huzhou, China and Clarksville, Tennessee. The Huzhou, China expansion was completed in the third quarter of 2023.

Because of delays in securing additional financing, including our fund-raising process being negatively impacted by the loss of the DOE grant, in the fourth quarter of 2023 we experienced slow progress in continuing construction of our Clarksville, Tennessee expansion, slowing down certain project work streams due to the need for additional financing. This resulted in further delays and increased costs with negative effects on our liquidity and ability to meet accounts payable, especially for our U.S. operations. The Tennessee expansion was originally scheduled to be completed in the fourth quarter of 2023 and was intended for production of 53.5Ah cells for our ESS solutions. However, we now believe LFP cells are a better battery fit for our ESS solutions and intend to produce LFP cells from the Tennessee facility instead of 53.5Ah cells. In order to complete the Tennessee expansion, we need to secure financing to meet the remaining capital expenditure needs, and the timing of when this project will be in operation remains uncertain. We are in the process of evaluating the amount of capital expenditures needed to complete the Tennessee expansion in light of the intended production shift from NMC cells to LFP cells.

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Further, due to the working capital needs of MPS China and adverse tax consequences as well as foreign restrictions, we are unable to repatriate cash from China to pay our accounts payable in the U.S. and fund the continued expansion of our U.S. operations. We are in discussions with third parties to assess strategic alternatives, including ways to enhance our liquidity and/or the sale or disposal of certain U.S. real estate assets that are not integral to the our cell manufacturing or assembly operations. Until financing is in place, this will limit our growth opportunities especially in the U.S. market. Also, we will be forgoing potential Inflation Reduction Act credits until such time as the Clarksville, Tennessee expansion is in operation.

Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including, but not limited to funding planned production capacity expansions and for general working capital. In addition, we may in the future enter into arrangements to acquire or invest in complementary businesses or technologies. We may need to seek additional equity or debt financing in order to meet these future capital requirements. If we are unable to raise additional capital or secure financing when desired, or on terms that are acceptable to us, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. There are no material off-balance sheet arrangements other than those described below.

Lease Commitments

We lease certain facilities and equipment under non-cancellable lease agreements that expire at various dates through 2036. For additional information, see Note 12 – Leases, in the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Report on Form 10-Q.

Purchase Commitments

We regularly enter into non-cancelable contractual obligations primarily related to purchases of inventory. As of September 30, 2024, such purchase commitments, which do not qualify for recognition on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, amount to $52.3 million , most of which is short-term.

There have not been any other material changes during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 to our contractual obligations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

Cash Flows

The following table provides a summary of our cash flow data for the periods indicated:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024	2023
Amount in thousands
Net cash used in operating activities	(3,287)	(70,350)
Net cash used in investing activities	(11,972)	(153,120)
Net cash generated from financing activities	46,635	12,153

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, our operating activities used $3.3 million in cash. This decrease in cash consisted of (1) a net loss of $90.0 million and non-cash charges of $135.2 million, of which $22.4 million is depreciation of property, plant and equipment, $30.3 million is non-cash share-based compensation expense and $64.9 million is impairment loss from long-lived asset; and (2) a $48.5 million decrease in cash flows from operating assets and liabilities including $27.3 million cash inflow due to the net decrease of accounts receivable and notes receivable, $4.1 million increase in inventories, $54.7 million cash outflow from accounts payable and notes payable, $30.8 million cash outflow from accrued and other liabilities and prepaid expense and other current asset, and $13.8 million cash inflow from other operating assets and liabilities.

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Cash Flows from Investing Activities

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, cash used in investing activities totaled $12.0 million. This cash outflow primarily consisted of capital expenditures related to the expansion of our manufacturing facilities and to the purchase of property and equipment associated with our existing manufacturing and R&D facilities.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, cash generated from financing activities totaled $46.6 million. This cash inflow was a result of $70.4 million proceeds from bank borrowings and $25.0 million proceeds from Convertible loan offset by $31.9 million repayment on bank borrowings and $0.5 million of debt cost for Convertible loan, $16.4 million of deferred payment related to purchases of property, plant and equipment.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and related disclosures. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our estimates are based on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Our actual results could differ from these estimates.

There have been no substantial changes to these estimates, or the policies related to them during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, except for the impairment of long-lived assets illustrated in below paragraphs. For other discussion of these estimates and policies, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” in Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

In accordance with ASC 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment (“ASC 360”), we evaluate our long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, for impairment whenever events and circumstances indicate that the assets might be impaired due to the carrying amount of an asset group not being recoverable. When the projected undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than their carrying amounts, the assets are adjusted to their estimated fair value and an impairment loss is recorded as a component of operating expenses. For assets held for sales, the amount of potential impairment may be based upon appraisal of the asset, estimated market value of similar assets or estimated cash flow from the disposition of the asset. The evaluation of asset impairment requires us to make assumptions about future cash flows over the life of the asset being evaluated. These assumptions require significant judgment and actual results may differ from assumed and estimated amounts.

During the first half year of 2024, we decided to pause the construction of the battery plant in Tennessee until additional funding for the remaining capital expenditure is secured. As a result, we reassessed the recoverability of the long-lived assets in the U.S. and utilized the residual method to estimate the fair value of the plant under construction located in Tennessee. For other long-lived assets in the U.S. to be dispose, we estimated market value or estimated cash flow from disposition of the assets. As a result of the assessment, we recorded impairment loss of long-lived assets $0.0 million and $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, in operating expenses. We recorded impairment loss of long-lived assets of $64.9 million and $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, in operating expenses.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Interest Rate Exposure Risk

Our cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and money market accounts. Such interest-earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. To date, fluctuations in interest income have not been significant. In addition, our bonds payable bear interest at fixed rates and are not publicly traded. Our project finance loans in China contain a spread of 115 basis points over the Loan Prime Rate in China and accordingly are exposed to movements in that reference rate. Therefore, interest expense going forward could be materially affected by changes in the market interest rates.

The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal while maximizing income without significantly increasing risk. Because our cash equivalents have a short maturity, our portfolio’s fair value is relatively insensitive to interest rate changes. We do not believe that an increase or decrease in interest rates of 100 basis points

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would have a material effect on our operating results or financial condition. In future periods, we will continue to evaluate our investment policy in order to ensure that we continue to meet our overall objectives.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

We have a large operational presence in China and a significant amount of our transactions are currently denominated in RMB. The volatility of exchange rates depends on many factors that we cannot forecast with reliable accuracy. We have experienced and will continue to experience fluctuations in our operating results as a result of transaction gains and losses related to translating certain cash balances, trade accounts receivable and payable balances, and intercompany balances that are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar, principally RMB. The effect of an immediate 10% adverse change in foreign exchange rates on Renminbi-denominated accounts as of September 30, 2024, including intercompany balances, would result in a foreign currency loss of $15.6 million. In the event our foreign sales and expenses increase, our operating results may be more affected by fluctuations in the exchange rates of the currencies in which we do business. At this time, we do not, but we may in the future, enter into derivatives or other financial instruments in an attempt to hedge our foreign currency exchange risk. It is difficult to predict the impact hedging activities would have on our results of operations.

Credit Risk

Our credit risk primarily relates to our trade and other receivables, restricted cash, cash equivalents and amounts due from related parties. We generally grant credit only to clients and related parties with good credit ratings and also closely monitor overdue debts. In this regard, we consider that the credit risk arising from our balances with counterparties is significantly reduced.

The assumptions used in evaluating our exposure to credit losses associated with our financing receivables

portfolio involve estimates and significant judgment. Holding other estimates constant, a hypothetical 100 basis points

increase in the expected loss rate on the financing receivables portfolio would have resulted in an increase in the allowance

for credit losses of approximately $0.5 million as of September 30, 2024.

In order to minimize the credit risk, we have delegated a team responsible for determining credit limits, credit approvals and other monitoring procedures to ensure that follow-up action is taken to recover overdue debts. In addition, we review the recoverable amount of each individual debtor at the end of each reporting period to ensure that adequate impairment losses are made for irrecoverable amounts. We will negotiate with the counterparties of the debts for settlement plans or changes in credit terms, should the need arise. In this regard, we consider that our credit risk is significantly reduced.

Seasonality

We have historically experienced higher sales during our third and fourth fiscal quarters as compared to our first and second fiscal quarters. However, our limited operating history makes it difficult for us to judge the exact nature or extent of the seasonality of our business.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of September 30, 2024. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of September 30, 2024, as a result of the material weakness identified below.

In light of this material weakness, we performed additional analysis as deemed necessary to ensure that our financial statements were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Based on such analysis and notwithstanding the identified material weakness, management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer, believe the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Report on Form 10-Q fairly represent in all material respects our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows at and for the periods presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

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Material Weakness

In connection with the audit of the financial year ended December 31, 2023, we identified certain control deficiencies in the design and operation of our internal controls over our financial reporting that constituted a material weakness in aggregation. A “material weakness” is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weakness that has been identified relates to the design and implementation of IT general controls for IT system that are relevant to the preparation of the financial statements. Specifically, we did not design and maintain adequate user access controls to restrict user and privileged access to certain particular function of the ERP during the implementation, which could allow a skilled user with privileged access to access and potentially make changes to the system relevant to the preparation of the financial statements.

Material Weakness Remediation

Subsequent to the identification of the material weakness, we have taken steps to address the control deficiencies and implemented our remediation plan, which we believe addresses the underlying causes. We are executing on our remediation plan for the material weakness by removing all inappropriate access and establishing more robust processes to control the privileged access to our system including monthly review of the system log for any inappropriate access. While we believe these efforts have improved, and will continue to improve, our internal controls and address the underlying causes of the material weakness, the material weakness will not be remediated until our remediation plan has been fully implemented and tested and we have concluded that following the improvements, our IT general controls are operating effectively for a sufficient period of time.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

As described above, the Company is taking steps to remediate the material weakness noted above. Other than in connection with these remediation steps, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2024, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

For a description of our pending legal proceedings, please see Note 16. Commitments and Contingencies, to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. While the lawsuits are being vigorously defended, the outcome of any litigation is inherently uncertain, and there is always the possibility that a court rules in a manner that is adverse to the interests of the Company and the individual defendants. However, the amount of any such loss in that scenario cannot be reasonably estimated at this time. Regardless of the outcome, litigation has the potential to have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In evaluating us and our common stock, we urge you to carefully consider the risks and other information in this Report on Form 10-Q, as well as the risk factors disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, and other reports that we have filed with the SEC. Any of these factors could result in a significant or material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition. Additional risk factors not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business or results of operations. We may disclose changes to such factors or disclose additional factors from time to time in our future filings with the SEC.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

There were no unregistered sales of our equity securities during the three months ended September 30, 2024.

Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

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Item 6. Exhibits.

The following exhibits are furnished as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Report on Form 10-Q.


Exhibit Number						Exhibit Title
2.1+						Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of February 1, 2021, by and among Tuscan Holdings Corp., TSCN Merger Sub Inc., and Microvast, Inc. (incorporated by reference to the Company’s definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A, filed with the SEC on July 2, 2021).
3.1						Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Microvast Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on July 28, 2021).
3.2						Amended and Restated Bylaws of Microvast Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on July 28, 2021).
4.1						Specimen Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on July 28, 2021).
4.2						Specimen Warrant Certificate (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on July 28, 2021).
4.3						Warrant Agreement (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, filed with the Company on February 26, 2019).
4.4						Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement, dated as of July 26, 2021, by and among (a) Microvast Holdings, Inc., (b) the Microvast Equity Holders, (c) the CL Holders, (d) Tuscan Holdings Acquisition LLC, Stefan M. Selig, Richard O. Rieger and Amy Butte, and (e) EarlyBirdCapital, Inc. (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on July 28, 2021).
4.5						Stockholders Agreement, dated July 26, 2021, by and among (a) Microvast Holdings, Inc., (b) Yang Wu and (c) Tuscan Holdings Acquisition LLC. (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on July 28, 2021).
4.6						Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated May 28, 2024, issued by the Company to Yang Wu (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on June 4, 2024).
10.1						Offer Letter, dated as of October 11, 2024, by and between Microvast Holdings, Inc. and Fariyal Khanbabi. (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on October 18, 2024).
31.1*						Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15(d)-14(a), as adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*						Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15(d)-14(a), as adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1**						Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2**						Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.


*			Filed herewith.

**			Furnished.

+			Certain schedules to this Exhibit have been omitted in accordance with Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. The Company hereby agrees to hereby furnish supplementally a copy of all omitted schedules to the SEC upon request.

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SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.


Dated: November 12, 2024	MICROVAST HOLDINGS, INC.


	By:	/s/ Fariyal Khanbabi
	Name:	Fariyal Khanbabi
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer

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Microvast (MVST) 10-Q2024 Q3 Quarterly report

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