Crown ElectroKinetics (CRKN) 10-Q15 Nov 242024 Q3 Quarterly reportFinancial data

Company Profile

Cover Page

Cover Page - shares	9 Months Ended
Cover Page - shares	Sep. 30, 2024	Nov. 14, 2024
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2024
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	333-232426
Entity Registrant Name	Crown Electrokinetics Corp.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	47-5423944
Entity Address, Address Line One	1110 NE Circle Blvd
Entity Address, City or Town	Corvallis
Entity Address, State or Province	OR
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	97330
City Area Code	458
Local Phone Number	212.2500
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.0001 par value
Trading Symbol	CRKN
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Ex Transition Period	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		9,301,635
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Entity Central Index Key	0001761696
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31

Condensed Consolidated Balance

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets:
Cash	$ 3,087	$ 1,059
Accounts and retention receivables	4,869	83
Contract assets	255	0
Prepaid and other current assets	382	728
Note receivable	158	0
Total current assets	8,751	1,870
Prepaid expenses - non-current	210	0
Property and equipment, net	5,316	3,129
Intangible assets, net	1,213	1,382
Right-of-use assets	1,720	1,701
Deferred debt issuance costs	223	1,306
Other assets	191	139
TOTAL ASSETS	17,624	9,527
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	4,337	1,500
Accrued expenses	917	1,194
Lease liabilities - current	639	655
Notes payable - current	128	429
Contract liabilities	240	0
Total current liabilities	6,261	3,778
Notes payable - non-current	310	0
Lease liabilities - non-current	1,130	1,072
Total liabilities	7,701	4,850
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Preferred stock, value	0	0
Common stock, par value $0.0001; 800,000,000 shares authorized; 6,708,113 and 171,677 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively	0	7
Additional paid-in capital	142,423	121,665
Accumulated deficit	(132,500)	(116,995)
Total stockholders’ equity	9,923	4,677
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	17,624	9,527
Series A Preferred Stock
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Preferred stock, value	0	0
Series B Preferred Stock
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Preferred stock, value	0	0
Series C Preferred Stock
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Preferred stock, value	0	0
Series D Preferred Stock
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Preferred stock, value	0	0
Series E preferred stock
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Preferred stock, value	0	0
Series F preferred stock ("Series F")
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Preferred stock, value	0	0
Series F-1 Preferred Stock
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Preferred stock, value	0	0
Series F-2 Preferred Stock
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Preferred stock, value	$ 0	$ 0

Condensed Consolidated Balanc_2

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parentheticals) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	50,000,000	50,000,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	800,000,000	800,000,000
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	6,708,113	171,677
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	6,708,113	171,677
Series A Preferred Stock
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	300	300
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	251
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	251
Preferred stock, liquidation preference, value	$ 0	$ 261
Series B Preferred Stock
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,500	1,500
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	1,443
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	1,443
Preferred stock, liquidation preference, value	$ 0	$ 1,501
Series C Preferred Stock
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	600,000	600,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	500,756
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	500,756
Preferred stock, liquidation preference, value	$ 0	$ 531
Series D Preferred Stock
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	7,000	7,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, liquidation preference, value	$ 0	$ 0
Series E preferred stock
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	77,000	77,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Series F preferred stock ("Series F")
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	9,073	9,073
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	4,448
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	4,448
Preferred stock, liquidation preference, value	$ 0	$ 4,753
Series F-1 Preferred Stock
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	9,052	9,052
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	653
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	653
Preferred stock, liquidation preference, value	$ 0	$ 696
Series F-2 Preferred Stock
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	9,052	9,052
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	1,153
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	1,153
Preferred stock, liquidation preference, value	$ 0	$ 1,232

Condensed Consolidated Statemen

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Revenue		$ 8,037	$ 0	$ 13,367	$ 59
Cost of revenue		6,623	0	12,442	54
Gross Profit		1,414	0	925	5
Operating expenses:
Research and development		720	492	1,945	1,523
General and administrative		6,507	2,941	13,405	10,926
Operating expenses		7,227	3,433	15,350	12,449
Loss from operations		(5,813)	(3,433)	(14,425)	(12,444)
Other income (expense), net:
Interest expense		0	(2,445)	(1,001)	(6,970)
Loss on extinguishment of warrant liability		0	0	0	(504)
Loss on extinguishment of debt		0	0	0	(2,345)
Gain on issuance of convertible notes		0	0	0	64
Change in fair value of warrants		0	2,688	0	10,424
Change in fair value of notes		0	(40)	0	(7,040)
Change in fair value of derivative liability		0	401	0	401
Other expense, net		(51)	(30)	(79)	(1,264)
Total other income (expense), net		(51)	574	(1,080)	(7,234)
Net loss		(5,864)	(2,859)	(15,505)	(19,678)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders		$ (5,864)	$ (3,142)	$ (21,230)	$ (20,154)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in dollars per share)		$ (1.26)	$ (140.54)	$ (9.54)	$ (1,941.24)
Weighted Average Number Of Shares Outstanding, Basic And Diluted [Abstract]
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic (in shares)	[1]	4,662,086	22,356	2,224,477	10,382
Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted (in shares)	[1]	4,662,086	22,356	2,224,477	10,382
Series A Preferred Stock
Other income (expense), net:
Cumulative dividends		$ 0	$ (5)	$ (18)	$ (14)
Series B Preferred Stock
Other income (expense), net:
Cumulative dividends		0	(29)	(17)	(78)
Series C Preferred Stock
Other income (expense), net:
Cumulative dividends		0	(10)	(46)	(20)
Series D Preferred Stock
Other income (expense), net:
Deemed dividends		0	0	0	(6)
Cumulative dividends		0	0	0	(53)
Series F preferred stock ("Series F")
Other income (expense), net:
Cumulative dividends		0	(144)	(341)	(190)
Series F-1 Preferred Stock
Other income (expense), net:
Cumulative dividends		0	(51)	(60)	(71)
Series F-2 Preferred Stock
Other income (expense), net:
Cumulative dividends		0	(44)	(19)	(44)
Series A, Series B and Series C Preferred Stock
Other income (expense), net:
Deemed dividends		0	0	(1,350)	0
Series F, F1 and F2 Preferred Stock
Other income (expense), net:
Deemed dividends		$ 0	$ 0	$ (3,874)	$ 0

[1]Amounts as of September 30, 2023 differ from those in prior year consolidated financial statements as they were retrospectively adjusted as a result of the accounting or the Reverse Stock Split (as defined in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements).

Condensed Consolidated Statem_2

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Preferred Stock Series A Preferred Stock	Preferred Stock Series B Preferred Stock	Preferred Stock Series C Preferred Stock	Preferred Stock Series D Preferred Stock	Preferred Stock Series E Preferred Stock	Preferred Stock Series F Preferred Stock	Preferred Stock Series F-1 Preferred Stock	Preferred Stock Series F-2 Preferred Stock	Common Stock	Common Stock Series A Preferred Stock	Common Stock Series B Preferred Stock	Common Stock Series C Preferred Stock	Common Stock Series F Preferred Stock	Common Stock Series F-1 Preferred Stock	Common Stock Series F-2 Preferred Stock	Common Stock Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Deficit
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		251	1,443	500,756	1,058	0	0	0	0	149,043
Balance as of beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 530	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 2								$ 88,533	$ (88,005)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Exercise of common stock warrants (in shares)										729
Exercise of common stock warrants	2,062									$ 1								2,061
Number of Common Stock Shares Issued Upon Conversion										210
Issuance of common stock in connection with conversion of notes	516																	516
Issuance of Series E preferred stock in connection with LOC (in shares)						5,000
Issuance of Series E preferred stock in connection with LOC	4,350																	4,350
Deemed dividend for repricing of Series D preferred stock																		6	(6)
Stock Issued During Period, Value, Other	298																	298
Stock-based compensation (in shares)										265
Issuance of common stock/At-the-market offering, net of offering costs (in shares)										1,412
Issuance of common stock/at-the-market offering, net of offering costs	2,107									$ 1								2,106
Stock-based compensation	181																	181
Net loss	(2,300)																		(2,300)
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023		251	1,443	500,756	1,058	5,000	0	0	0	151,659
Balance as of ending of period at Mar. 31, 2023	7,744	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 4								98,051	(90,311)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		251	1,443	500,756	1,058	0	0	0	0	149,043
Balance as of beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2022	530	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 2								88,533	(88,005)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(19,678)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023		251	1,443	500,756	0	0	4,448	653	1,153	192,691
Balance as of ending of period at Sep. 30, 2023	9,274	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 7								116,956	(107,689)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023		251	1,443	500,756	1,058	5,000	0	0	0	151,659
Balance as of beginning of period at Mar. 31, 2023	7,744	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 4								98,051	(90,311)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock in connection with Series A and Series B Dividends (in shares)										50
Issuance of common stock upon the conversion of Series E preferred stock	1									$ 1
Issuance of common stock in connection with conversion of October Notes (in shares)										1,660
Issuance of common stock in connection with conversion of October Notes	2,166									$ 1								2,165
Dividends paid in shares of Series D preferred stock (in shares)					139
Series D preferred stock exchanged for Series F preferred stock in connection with Exchange Agreements (in shares)					(1,197)		1,847
Series D preferred stock exchanged for Series F preferred stock in connection with Exchange Agreements	(450)																	(450)
Conversion of Demand Notes and October Notes into Series F preferred stock in connection with Exchange Agreements (in shares)							3,198	3,583
Conversion of Demand Notes and October Notes into Series F preferred stock in connection with Exchange Agreements	1,276																	1,276
Conversion of January Notes into Series F preferred stock in connection with Exchange Agreements (in shares)							206		1,153
Conversion of January Notes into Series F preferred stock in connection with Exchange Agreements	82																	82
Issuance of Series F-1 preferred stock	1,372																	1,372
Issuance of Series F-2 preferred stock	464																	464
Commitment to issue shares of common stock in connection with January Notes	2,410																	2,410
Commitment to issue shares of common stock in connection with LOC Notes	230																	230
Commitment to issue shares of Series E preferred stock in connection with LOC Notes (in shares)						(5,000)
Commitment to issue shares of Series E preferred stock in connection with LOC Notes	3,363																	3,363
Commitment to issue shares of common stock in connection with Demand Notes	286																	286
Issuance of common stock upon the conversion of Series E preferred stock (in shares)										556
Stock-based compensation	132																	132
Net loss	(14,519)																		(14,519)
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023		251	1,443	500,756	0	0	5,251	3,583	1,153	153,925
Balance as of ending of period at Jun. 30, 2023	4,557	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 6								109,381	(104,830)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock to settle commitment shares (in shares)										3,807
Issuance of common stock to settle commitment shares										$ 1								(1)
Number of Common Stock Shares Issued Upon Conversion							(803)	(2,930)						689	2,172
Issuance of common stock in connection with January Notes Settlement (in shares)										1,265
Issuance of common stock in connection with January Notes Settlement	1,160																	1,160
Issuance of common stock in connection with equity line of credit issuance costs (in shares)										146
Issuance of common stock in connection with equity line of credit issuance costs	114																	114
Issuance of common stock under the equity line of credit, net of issuance costs (in shares)										26,580
Issuance of common stock under the equity line of credit, net of issuance costs	4,489																	4,489
Issuance of common stock/At-the-market offering, net of offering costs (in shares)										3,887
Issuance of common stock/at-the-market offering, net of offering costs	1,680																	1,680
Reclassification of common stock to additional paid-in capital to reflect no change in par value in connection with reverse stock split (in shares)										220
Stock-based compensation	133																	133
Net loss	(2,859)																		(2,859)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023		251	1,443	500,756	0	0	4,448	653	1,153	192,691
Balance as of ending of period at Sep. 30, 2023	9,274	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 7								116,956	(107,689)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023		251	1,443	500,756	0	0	4,448	653	1,153	318,463
Balance as of beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2023	4,677	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0								$ 7	121,665	(116,995)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock in connection with equity line of credit (in shares)										140,904
Issuance of common stock in connection with equity line of credit	1,391									$ 3								1,388
Issuance of common stock/At-the-market offering, net of offering costs (in shares)										32,163
Issuance of common stock/at-the-market offering, net of offering costs	588																	588
Stock-based compensation	274																	274
Net loss	(4,612)																		(4,612)
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024		251	1,443	500,756	0	0	4,448	653	1,153	491,530
Balance as of ending of period at Mar. 31, 2024	2,318	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0								10	123,915	(121,607)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023		251	1,443	500,756	0	0	4,448	653	1,153	318,463
Balance as of beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2023	4,677	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0								$ 7	121,665	(116,995)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock/At-the-market offering, net of offering costs (in shares)																	32,163
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2024		0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,454,658
Balance as of ending of period at Jun. 30, 2024	8,782	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0								$ 0	135,418	(126,636)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023		251	1,443	500,756	0	0	4,448	653	1,153	318,463
Balance as of beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2023	4,677	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0								7	121,665	(116,995)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(15,505)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024		0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,708,113
Balance as of ending of period at Sep. 30, 2024	9,923	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0								0	142,423	(132,500)
Beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024		251	1,443	500,756	0	0	4,448	653	1,153	491,530
Balance as of beginning of period at Mar. 31, 2024	2,318	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0								10	123,915	(121,607)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Number of Common Stock Shares Issued Upon Conversion		(251)	(1,443)	(500,756)			(4,448)	(653)	(1,153)		36,220	220,782	78,056	648,441	113,576	140,264
Issuance of common stock in connection with equity line of credit (in shares)										1,599,123
Issuance of common stock in connection with equity line of credit	9,343																	9,343
Issuance of common stock upon the conversion of Series E preferred stock (in shares)										126,666
Reclassification of common stock to additional paid-in capital to reflect no change in par value in connection with reverse stock split	0									$ (10)								10
Stock-based compensation	2,150																	2,150
Net loss	(5,029)																		(5,029)
Ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2024		0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,454,658
Balance as of ending of period at Jun. 30, 2024	8,782	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0								$ 0	135,418	(126,636)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Number of Common Stock Shares Issued Upon Conversion															25,712
Issuance of common stock in connection with equity line of credit (in shares)										1,493,000
Issuance of common stock in connection with equity line of credit	3,606																	3,606
Issuance of common stock/At-the-market offering, net of offering costs (in shares)										980,294							980,294
Issuance of common stock/at-the-market offering, net of offering costs	1,183																	1,183
Issuance of common stock upon the conversion of Series E preferred stock (in shares)										504,449
Issuance of common stock in connection with inducement award (in shares)										200,000
Issuance of common stock in connection with employee inducement award (See Note 7)	292																	292
Issuance of common stock in connection with warrant (in shares)										50,000
Issuance of common stock in connection with warrant exchange	63																	63
Stock-based compensation	1,861																	1,861
Net loss	(5,864)																		(5,864)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024		0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,708,113
Balance as of ending of period at Sep. 30, 2024	$ 9,923	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0								$ 0	$ 142,423	$ (132,500)

Condensed Consolidated Statem_3

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	3 Months Ended				9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net loss	$ (5,864,000)	$ (4,612,000)	$ (2,859,000)	$ (2,300,000)	$ (15,505,000)	$ (19,678,000)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Stock-based compensation and employee inducement award					4,577,000	446,000
Depreciation and amortization					694,000	542,000
Loss on extinguishment of warrant liability	0		0		0	504,000
Change in fair value of warrant liability	0		(2,688,000)		0	(10,424,000)	$ 500,000
Change in fair value of derivative liability	0		(401,000)		0	(401,000)
Gain on issuance of convertible note					0	(64,000)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	0		0		0	2,345,000
Change in fair value of notes					0	7,040,000
Amortization of deferred debt issuance costs					1,083,000	6,800,000
Amortization of right-of-use assets					541,000	339,000
Loss on disposal of equipment					0	380,000
Other non-cash expenses in relation to warrant modification and additional paid-in capital					63,000	467,000
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid and other assets					84,000	136,000
Accounts and retention receivables					(4,786,000)	0
Contract assets					(255,000)	0
Contract liabilities					240,000	0
Accounts payable					2,297,000	732,000
Accrued expenses					(277,000)	(575,000)
Lease liabilities					(518,000)	(398,000)
Net cash used in operating activities					(11,762,000)	(11,809,000)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Cash paid for acquisition of Amerigen 7					0	(645,000)
Purchases of property and equipment					(2,123,000)	(1,084,000)
Advances on note receivables					(243,000)	0
Repayments of note receivables					85,000	0
Net cash used in investing activities					(2,281,000)	(1,729,000)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from the exercise of warrants					0	2,062,000
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock / at-the-market offering, net of offering costs					1,771,000	3,787,000
Proceeds from the issuance of notes in connection with line of credit					0	2,350,000
Proceeds from issuance of Series F-1 preferred stock					0	2,328,000
Proceeds from issuance of Series F-2 preferred stock					0	748,000
Proceeds from issuance of Senior Secured Notes, net of fees paid					0	1,357,000
Proceeds from lines-of-credit					1,118,000	0
Payments of notes payable					(40,000)	(2,348,000)
Repayments of lines-of-credit					(1,118,000)	0
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock in connection with equity line of credit, net of offering costs					14,340,000	4,489,000
Net cash provided by financing activities					16,071,000	14,773,000
Net increase in cash					2,028,000	1,235,000
Cash — beginning of period		$ 1,059,000		$ 821,000	1,059,000	821,000	821,000
Cash — end of period	3,087,000		2,056,000		3,087,000	2,056,000	$ 1,059,000
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash paid for interest					150,000	9,000
Cash paid for taxes					2,000	0
Right-of-use assets in exchange of operating lease liabilities					560,000	0
Reduction of right-of-use and lease liability due to termination					0	802,000
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Net impact of reclassification of common stock to APIC in connection with reverse stock split					10,000	0
Issuance of Series E preferred stock in connection with line of credit					0	4,350,000
Issuance of common stock in connection with equity line of credit					0	114,000
Issuance of Series F preferred stock in connection with exchange of Series D preferred stock					0	450,000
Issuance of common stock in connection with conversion of notes					0	2,681,000
Issuance of common stock in connection with Senior Secured Notes settlement					0	1,160,000
Conversion of Senior Secured Notes into Series F preferred stock in connection with Exchange Agreements					0	82,000
Purchase of property and equipment included in accounts payable					540,000	23,000
Property and equipment acquired through notes payable					49,000	0
Commitment to issue shares of common stock in connection with Demand Notes					0	286,000
Series A Preferred Stock
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Conversion of preferred stock into common stock					251,000	0
Series B Preferred Stock
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Conversion of preferred stock into common stock					1,530,000	0
Series C Preferred Stock
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Conversion of preferred stock into common stock					501,000	0
Series F preferred stock ("Series F")
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Conversion of preferred stock into common stock					4,438,000	0
Series F-1 Preferred Stock Converted To Common Stock
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Conversion of preferred stock into common stock					653,000	0
Series F-2 Preferred Stock Converted To Common Stock
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Conversion of preferred stock into common stock					1,163,000	0
Series A, Series B and Series C Preferred Stock
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Deemed dividends	$ 0		$ 0		1,350,000	0
Series F-1, F-2 and F-3 Preferred Stock
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Deemed dividends					$ 3,874,000	$ 0

Nature of Business and Liquidit

Nature of Business and Liquidity	9 Months Ended
Nature of Business and Liquidity	Sep. 30, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Nature of Business and Liquidity	Nature of Business and Liquidity Organization Crown Electrokinetics Corp. (the “Company”) was incorporated in the State of Delaware on April 20, 2015. The Company's "Smart Windows" division commercializing technology for smart or dynamic glass. The Company’s electrokinetic glass technology is an advancement on microfluidic technology that was originally developed by HP Inc. On December 20, 2022, the Company incorporated Crown Fiber Optics Corp., a Delaware-based corporation, to own and operate its acquired business from the acquisition of Amerigen 7, LLC (“Amerigen 7”) in January 2023. Crown Fiber Optics Corp. is accounted for as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Crown Electrokinetics, Corp. The Crown Fiber Optics Corp. entity includes both the “Fiber Optics” division, which provides contracting services to the fiber optics and telecommunications infrastructure industry, and the “Slant Well” group, which focuses on the construction of slant wells for the provision of ocean water to desalination plants. On July 26, 2024, the Company incorporated Element 82 Inc. ("Element 82"), a Delaware-based corporation, to enhance its portfolio with expertise in lead remediation. On July 26, 2024, the Company incorporated PE Pipelines Inc., a Delaware-based corporation, to expand its portfolio in lead service line replacement and related water infrastructure projects. On July 26, 2024, the Company incorporated Paramount Network Construction Inc., a Delaware-based corporation, to expand its portfolio in network construction and related infrastructure projects. This strategic incorporation strengthens the Company's capabilities and expertise within the critical telecommunications and public utility sectors. Reverse Stock Split On June 14, 2024, the Company’s board of directors authorized a reverse stock split (“June 2024 Reverse Stock Split”) at an exchange ratio of one-for-150 basis. The June 2024 Reverse Stock Split was effective on June 25, 2024, such that every 150 shares of common stock were automatically converted into one share of common stock. The Company did not issue fractional certificates for post-reverse split common stock shares in connection with the June 2024 Reverse Stock Split. Rather, all shares of common stock that were held by a common stockholder were aggregated and each common stockholder was entitled to receive the number of whole common stock shares resulting from the combination of the aggregated common stock shares. Any fractions resulting from the reverse split computation were rounded up to the next whole common stock share amount. The number of authorized shares and the par value of the common stock was not adjusted. In connection with the June 2024 Reverse Stock Split, the conversion ratio for the Company’s outstanding convertible preferred stock was proportionately adjusted such that the common stock issuable upon conversion of such preferred stock was decreased in proportion. All references to common stock and options to purchase common stock share data, per share data and related information contained in the condensed consolidated financial statements have been adjusted to reflect the effect of the June 2024 Reverse Stock Split. Liquidity and Going Concern The Company has incurred substantial operating losses and negative cash flows from operations since its inception, expects to continue to incur significant operating losses for the foreseeable future and may never become profitable. As reflected in the condensed consolidated financial statements, the Company had cash of approximately $3.1 million and an accumulated deficit of approximately $132.5 million as of September 30, 2024. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company has a net loss of approximately $15.5 million, and approximately $11.8 million of net cash used in operating activities. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. The Company has obtained additional capital through the sale of debt or equity financings or other arrangements to fund operations including through its existing at-the-market offering; however, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to raise needed capital under acceptable terms, if at all. The sale of additional equity may dilute existing stockholders and newly issued shares may contain senior rights and preferences compared to currently outstanding shares of common stock. Issued debt securities may contain covenants and limit the Company’s ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to stockholders. If the Company is unable to obtain such additional financing, future operations would need to be scaled back or discontinued. Due to the uncertainty in the Company’s ability to raise capital, management believes that there is substantial doubt in the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for twelve months from the issuance of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Basis of Presentation and Signi

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies	9 Months Ended
Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies	Sep. 30, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies	Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions among consolidated entities were eliminated upon consolidation. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X for interim financial reporting. As permitted under those rules, certain footnotes or other financial information can be condensed or omitted. These condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures have been prepared with the assumption that users of the interim financial information have read or have access to the audited consolidated financial statements for the preceding fiscal year. Accordingly, these statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on April 1, 2024 (the "2023 Form 10-K"). These condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal and recurring adjustments that are necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s consolidated financial information. The interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year, or for any other future annual or interim period. Use of Estimates The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Accounting estimates and assumptions are inherently uncertain. Management bases its estimates and assumptions on current facts, historical experience and various other factors believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ materially and adversely from these estimates. Significant estimates and assumptions made in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include, but not limited to, cost-to-cost (input) revenue recognition method, fair value of warrant issuances, provision for expected credit losses, useful lives and recoverability of long-lived assets, valuation of deferred tax assets, stock-based compensation and operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities. Reclassifications Certain reclassifications have been made to the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 for consistency with the presentation of the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. There was no effect on the Company's financial position or stockholders' equity as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 or the results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. Risks and Uncertainties The Company is currently operating in a period of economic uncertainty and capital markets disruption, which has been significantly impacted by geopolitical instability due to the ongoing military conflict between Russia and Ukraine, as well as Israel and Hamas. The Company’s financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected by any negative impact on the global economy and capital markets resulting from the conflict in Ukraine or any other geopolitical tensions. The condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Reference is made to Note 3 Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies in the 2023 Form 10-K filed for a detailed description of significant accounting policies. There have been no significant changes to our accounting policies as disclosed in the 2023 Form 10-K. Revenue Recognition The Company generates revenue primarily through the four revenue streams described below which together, represent four operating segments; the Fiber Optics division, the Slant Wells group, Element 82, and the Smart Windows division. The Slant Wells group and Element 82, while reported as separate operating segments, are part of the Company's newly formed "Water Solutions" division. The Fiber Optics division's specialty services are performed for communications providers in connection with the deployment of underground fiber optic transmission lines and include the upfront procurement of specialized equipment that will be used to provide the services. The Slant Wells group's specialty services involves the construction of “slant wells” providing water for desalination plants and include the upfront procurement of specialized equipment that will be used to provide the services. Element 82 helps water utility companies meet all Environmental Protection Agency compliance requirements by identifying lead pipes in residential, commercial and municipal water line systems. Their specialty services include the upfront procurement of specialized equipment that will be used to provide the services. The Smart Windows division produces, sells and installs products referred to as the Smart Window Inserts, using DynamicTint Electrokinetic Technology that allows windows to tint and transition from clear to true black. Together, these revenue sources support the Company’s diversified income model across its core operating segments. The Company recognizes revenue upon the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for promised goods or services. The Company applies the following five-step revenue recognition model in accounting for its revenue arrangements: • Identification of the contract with the customer; • Identification of the performance obligations in the contract; • Determination of the transaction price; • Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and • Recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company has elected the practical expedient to not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component when the time between the goods or service being transferred to the customer and the customer pays is one year or less. Fiber Optics Division Revenue Recognition The nature of the Company’s Fiber Optics division's performance in its agreements is to customize outputs by constructing infrastructure that is customer specific. The Company is required to adhere to the rules and regulations that are outlined in an agreement between the Company and the customer. As a result, the Fiber Optic division's contracts prevent the Company from directing the use of such output to any other entity except the specific customer. The customer is the only party that can benefit from the output that results from the Company’s performance of specialty services under the contract. As such, the Company’s performance does not create an asset with an alternative use and the Company has concluded that the specialty services are recognized over time. In accordance with ASC 606, the Company meets the criteria for recognizing revenue over time because it maintains an enforceable right to bill the customer for performance completed to date as the services are rendered. This right to bill is consistent with the Company's obligation to provide continuous access to the project, reflecting progress toward completion that is aligned with customer specifications. To measure the progress of completion, the Company uses a cost-to-cost (input) method, by comparing costs incurred to date relative to the total expected costs to satisfy the performance obligation. When applying this method, the Company excludes the effects of any costs that do not depict its performance in transferring control of goods or services to the customer. Additionally, the Company notes that the procurement performance obligation is not considered distinct and is therefore combined with other specialty services as part of a single performance obligation. Slant Wells Group Revenue Recognition The nature of the Company’s Slant Wells group's performance in its agreements is to customize output by constructing slant wells that are customer specific. The Company is required to adhere to the rules and regulations that are outlined in an agreement between the Company and the customer. As a result, the slant well contracts prevent the Company from directing the use of such output to any other entity except the specific customer. The customer is the only party that can benefit from the output that results from the Company’s performance of the services under the contract. As such, the Company’s performance does not create an asset with an alternative use and the Company has concluded that the services are recognized over time. The Company maintains an enforceable right to bill the customer for performance completed to date. This right to bill reflects the progress toward fulfilling the contract and confirms that the Company’s services are being rendered continuously, with the customer receiving benefits from the ongoing completion of the customized slant well. To measure the progress of completion, the Company uses a cost-to-cost (input) method, by comparing costs incurred to date relative to the total expected costs to satisfy the performance obligation. The Company notes that when applying this method, it excludes the effects of any costs that do not depict its performance in transferring control of goods or services to the customer. Element 82 Revenue Recognition The Company performs water service line lead pipe inspection and investigation services at customer locations pursuant to the contracts. These fulfillment services which constitute a series of distinct performance obligations recognized over time, culminate in comprehensive lead pipe inspection reports which the Company is required to provide to its customers. Revenue is recognized as units are delivered (output method), reflecting the delivery of inspection report units as a percentage of the total units agreed upon in each contract. The Company procures equipment essential for fulfilling these services. The costs associated with equipment procurement are capitalized when they meet the criteria for capitalization and are amortized over the period in which the related performance obligations are satisfied. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, capitalized costs related to equipment procurement were considered insignificant. Smart Windows Division Revenue Recognition The Company’s Smart Windows division has not entered into any material revenue contracts with its customers and no revenue was recognized for this operating segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. Retention Receivables The Company’s Fiber Optics customers have a contractual right to withhold payment of a retainage amount that typically ranges between 5% to 10% of the total contract consideration. The retainage can be utilized by customers for any claims that may arise after work is completed through one year after project completion. The retainage amount is expected to be collected upon the project's completion and acceptance by the customer. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company has recorded a retainage receivable of $0.3 million and zero, respectively, which is a component of the accounts and retention receivables balance in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Contract Assets The Company records contract assets for revenue recognized in excess of billings, representing amounts due from customers where revenue has been recognized based on the satisfaction of performance obligations but for which billing has not yet occurred. Contract assets, including unbilled receivables, are recorded when the Company has an unconditional right to payment, and are subsequently reclassified to accounts receivable when the right to bill the customer arises. As of September 30, 2024, the Company's contract assets included unbilled receivables totaling $0.3 million, compared to zero as of December 31, 2023. The following table provides a rollforward of the contract assets activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024: Balance as of January 1, 2024 $ — Revenue recognized prior to billings 1,109 Billings (854) Balance as of September 30, 2024 $ 255 Deferred Revenue and Contract Liabilities The Company records deferred revenue as contract liabilities when it receives payments from customers in advance of performing the contracted services or delivering goods. Deferred revenue is recognized as revenue in the period when the services are performed or the goods are delivered, satisfying the Company's obligations under the contract terms. For Fiber Optics and Slant Well projects, the Company recognizes revenue on a percentage-of-completion basis, based on the proportion of costs incurred to total estimated costs. For Element 82, the Company recognizes revenue on a percentage-of-completion basis, based on the proportion of units delivered to total units in the contract. In instances where significant judgments are required to estimate completion, management reviews and adjusts deferred revenue balances periodically to reflect performance progress accurately. In instances where anticipated costs to complete a contract are expected to exceed the contract’s total revenue, the Company recognizes an estimated loss on the contract. This estimated loss is accrued as a liability and recognized in full in the period the loss is identified, ensuring the contract assets and liabilities accurately represent the Company’s financial position. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the contract liabilities were $0.2 million and zero, respectively. The following table provides a rollforward of the contract liabilities activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024: Balance as of January 1, 2024 $ — Billings 1,260 Revenue recognized (1,020) Balance as of September 30, 2024 $ 240 Revisions in Estimates Profit recognition related to the Fiber Optics division and Slant Wells group’s contracts is based on estimates of transaction price and costs to complete each project. These estimates can vary significantly in the normal course of business as projects progress, circumstances develop and evolve, and uncertainties are resolved. Changes in estimates of transaction price and costs to complete may result in the reversal of previously recognized revenue if the current estimate adversely differs from the previous estimate. When there are significant revisions in these estimates, the Company’s management reviews the nature of the changes to ensure that there are no material amounts that should have been recorded in a prior period rather than as revisions in estimates for the current period. For revisions in estimates, generally the cumulative catch-up method is used for changes to the transaction price that are part of a single performance obligation. Under this method, revisions in estimates are accounted for in their entirety in the period of change. Provision for Credit Losses The provision for credit losses is based on the Company’s assessment of the collectibility of its customer accounts and retention receivables and contract assets, all of which fall within the scope of ASC 326. The Company reviews the provision for credit losses by considering certain factors such as historical experience, industry data, credit quality, age of balances and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. Uncollectible accounts and retention receivables and contract assets are written off when all efforts to collect have been exhausted and recoveries are recognized when they are recovered. The Company’s provision for credit losses was zero as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Concentrations of Risk and Significant Customers The Company maintains its cash accounts with financial institutions, ensuring all deposits remain fully protected by utilizing ICS/Sweep accounts. As a result, no cash balances exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limits, providing complete coverage and safeguarding the Company's funds through September 30, 2024. The Company’s customers are generally large public or private companies with good credit and payment practices and a positive reputation in the industry at the time that the contracts are entered into. Furthermore, because it has the ability to stop transferring promised goods and services if payment is not received, the Company has concluded that collection risk is minimal. Three customers accounted for 91% of accounts receivable as of September 30, 2024. Accounts receivable were not significant as of December 31, 2023. The Company’s revenue is generated from its Fiber Optics, Slant Wells, and Element 82 segments. Three customers accounted for approximately 95% and 84% of the total revenue generated for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. Revenue was not significant for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company’s vendor purchases primarily included costs associated with professional fees, subcontractor labor, equipment purchases and leases, and purchases of other supplies and materials. Any disruptions in the Company’s vendor relationships could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition. Reportable Segments Operating segments are defined as components of an entity for which discrete financial information is available that is regularly reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources to an individual segment and in assessing performance. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer is determined to be the CODM. The Company has four operating segments during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, including the Smart Windows division, the Fiber Optics division, the Slant Wells group and Element 82. The Company has four reportable segments, the Smart Windows division, the Fiber Optics division, the Slant Wells group, and Element 82. Revenue recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 relates to the Fiber Optics division, the Slant Wells group and Element 82. Deferred Debt Issuance Costs The Company accounts for debt issuance costs related to its line of credit and equity line of credit as a deferred asset on the condensed consolidated balance sheets, which is amortized over the life of the line of credit and equity line of credit. Since the Company has elected the fair value option for its convertible notes, upon a draw down, a portion of the deferred asset balance will be amortized and recognized as other income (expense) in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Warrants The Company estimates the fair value of certain common stock warrants issued both before and after June 30, 2024, using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. This model requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions, including the expected volatility of the Company’s stock price, the expected term of the warrants, the risk-free interest rate, and expected dividends. Common Stock Warrants Issued Before June 30, 2024: These warrants are classified as liabilities as their settlement terms preclude equity classification. The warrants were recorded at fair value upon issuance and are subsequently remeasured at fair value at each balance sheet date, with changes in fair value recognized within other income (expense), net in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. The change in fair value of warrant liabilities for both the three months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 were zero. The change in fair value of warrant liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 were zero and $0.5 million, respectively. The fair value of warrant liabilities were insignificant as of both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Common Stock Warrants Issued After June 30, 2024: Warrants issued after June 30, 2024 have been classified within stockholders' equity as they meet the criteria for equity classification. Specifically, these warrants are indexed to the Company’s common stock and do not contain settlement provisions that would preclude them from equity classification. Upon issuance, the fair value of these equity-classified warrants was recorded in additional paid-in capital with no subsequent remeasurement required. Valuation Assumptions for Black-Scholes Model: The following key assumptions were used in the Black-Scholes model to estimate fair value: • Volatility: Based on historical volatility of comparable companies • Expected Term: Estimated based on the contractual term of the warrants • Risk-Free Interest Rate: Based on U.S. Treasury yields at the time of issuance • Dividend Yield: Assumed to be zero, as the Company does not expect to pay dividends Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed using the sum of the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period and the effect of dilutive securities. As the Company was in a net loss position for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same as basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders because the effects of potentially dilutive securities are antidilutive. Securities that could potentially dilute loss per share in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted loss per share as of September 30, 2024 and 2023 are as follows: September 30, 2024 2023 Series A preferred stock ("Series A") — 21 Series B preferred stock ("Series B") — 226 Series C preferred stock ("Series C") — 62 Series F preferred stock ("Series F") — 3,344 Series F-1 preferred stock ("Series F-1") — 484 Series F-2 preferred stock ("Series F-2") — 833 Warrants to purchase common stock (excluding penny warrants) 966,523 11,734 Warrants to purchase Series E preferred stock 5,000 5,000 Options to purchase common stock 4,045 1,052 Unvested restricted stock units 75,420 48 Commitment shares 1,420 1,335 Total 1,052,408 24,139 Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-07, Segment Reporting: Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires disclosure of incremental segment information on an interim and annual basis. The Company adopted annual requirements under ASU 2023-07 on January 1, 2024 and plans to adopt interim requirements under ASU 2023-07 on January 1, 2025. The Company will begin including financial statement disclosures in accordance with ASU 2023-07 in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2024. The Company is evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative. ASU 2023-06 incorporates 14 of the 27 disclosure requirements published in SEC Release No. 33-10532: Disclosure Update and Simplification into various topics within the ASC. ASU 2023-06’s amendments represent clarifications to, or technical corrections of, current requirements. For SEC registrants, the effective date for each amendment will be the date on which the SEC removes that related disclosure from its rules. Early adoption is prohibited. The Company does not expect the standard to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes: Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires enhanced annual disclosures regarding the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and may be adopted on a prospective or retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Revenue

Revenue	9 Months Ended
Revenue	Sep. 30, 2024
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Revenue	Revenue For the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company generated revenue of $8.0 million, compared to no revenue generated for the three months ended September 30, 2023. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company's revenue was $13.4 million, compared to $0.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The majority of the revenue generated for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was derived from operations within the United States. Remaining Performance Obligations Remaining performance obligations represent non-cancellable contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized, which includes deferred revenue and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. The Company's remaining performance obligations for contracts were $3.1 million as of September 30, 2024, of which, the Company expects to recognize approximately 100% as revenue over the next twelve months.

Balance Sheet Components

Balance Sheet Components	9 Months Ended
Balance Sheet Components	Sep. 30, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Balance Sheet Components	Balance Sheet Components Prepaid and Other Current Assets Prepaid and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands): September 30, December 31, License fees $ 16 $ 158 Prepaid rent 11 277 Other 355 293 Total $ 382 $ 728 Note Receivable On May 10, 2024, the Company and RamPro Construction and HDD, LLC (the "Borrower") executed a Senior Secured Promissory Note (the “May Note”). The Company promised to lend $0.2 million to the Borrower. The May Note bears interest at a rate of 5% per annum, calculated on a 360-day year basis, with interest payable upon maturity. The principal and accrued interest are due on May 25, 2025. The balance of the May Note as of September 30, 2024 was $0.2 million. The May Note is secured by all personal property and assets of the Borrower granting the Company a first priority security interest in these assets. In the event of default, the Company has the right to declare the unpaid balance immediately due and payable and pursue remedies available to a secured party under the Uniform Commercial Code. Events of default include non-payment of principal or interest, and the bankruptcy or insolvency of the Borrower. The Company evaluates the collectibility of the note receivable regularly and maintains a provision for credit losses based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable forecasts. As of September 30, 2024, no provision for credit losses had been deemed necessary for the May Note. Property and Equipment, net Property and equipment, net, consisted of the following (in thousands): September 30, December 31, Equipment $ 4,914 $ 3,155 Leasehold improvements 362 362 Vehicles 700 395 Computers 54 56 Furniture and fixtures 3 3 Construction-in-progress 727 77 Total 6,760 4,048 Less: accumulated depreciation (1,444) (919) Property and equipment, net $ 5,316 $ 3,129 Depreciation expense for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was $0.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively. Depreciation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was $0.5 million and $0.3 million, respectively. Intangible Assets, net Intangible assets, net, consists of the following (in thousands): September 30, December 31, Patents $ 1,800 $ 1,800 Research license 375 375 Customer relationships 4 4 Total 2,179 2,179 Less: accumulated amortization (966) (797) Intangible assets, net $ 1,213 $ 1,382 The following table represents the total estimated amortization of intangible assets for the five succeeding years and thereafter as of September 30, 2024 (in thousands): Estimated 2024 (remaining) $ 55 2025 220 2026 183 2027 180 2028 180 Thereafter 395 Total $ 1,213 For the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, amortization expense was approximately $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, amortization expense was approximately $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2024, the remaining weighted-average amortization period for acquired intangible assets was 5.79 years. Deferred Debt Issuance Costs Deferred debt issuance costs consist of the following (in thousands): September 30, December 31, Standing letter of credit $ 150 $ 150 Equity letter of credit 554 554 Line of credit 9,943 9,943 Total 10,647 10,647 Accumulated amortization (10,424) (9,341) Deferred debt issuance costs $ 223 $ 1,306 During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded amortization expense of $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded amortization expense of $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2024, the deferred debt issuance costs related to the standing letter of credit and the line of credit has been fully amortized. Accrued Expenses Accrued expenses consisted of the following (in thousands): September 30, December 31, Payroll and related expenses $ 109 $ 112 Bonus — 1,000 Other expenses 808 82 Total $ 917 $ 1,194

Debt

Debt	9 Months Ended
Debt	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes Payable [Abstract]
Debt	Debt Notes Payable In December 2023, the Company entered into a secured notes payable agreement with Cemen Tech Capital, LLC bearing an interest rate of 8.75% per year (the "Cemen Note"). During the first quarter of fiscal 2023, the Company entered into a secured notes payable agreement with Ford Motor Credit bearing an interest rate of 6.96% per year (the "Ford Note"). The Cemen Note and the Ford Note (collectively, the "Notes") are secured by the vehicles financed. Monthly principal and interest payments are to be made commencing from the issuance date of the Cemen Note and the Ford Note through January 2030 and April 2026, respectively. The outstanding balance as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 related to the Notes was $0.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively. The difference of approximately $0.1 million for both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, in the condensed consolidated balance sheets relates to several smaller notes, which are individually immaterial. In August 2024, the Company entered into a secured notes payable agreement with Skyline Sales Inc., facilitated by Ford Motor Credit, for financing a vehicle with a total sale price of $0.1 million, of which $46,000 was financed (the "Skyline Note"). This agreement bears no annual percentage rate or finance charge, and monthly principal payments of $1,345 began on September 29, 2024, and will continue through August 29, 2027. The Skyline Note is secured by the vehicle purchased. As of September 30, 2024, the remaining balance of the Skyline Note was $31,000. As of September 30, 2024, the expected future minimum principal payments under the Company’s notes payable are as follows (in thousands): Expected Future Principal Note Payments 2024 (remainder) $ 67 2025 81 2026 76 2027 71 2028 65 Thereafter 78 Total $ 438 Lines of Credit In May 2024, the Company entered into a line of credit ("LOC") agreement for up to $0.6 million with Mobilization Funding II, LLC (the “Mobilization LOC”) bearing an interest rate of 3% per month. The Mobilization LOC was collateralized by two construction agreements entered with two third parties, Glass Roots Construction, LLC and Fatbeam, LLC. During the quarter ended June 30, 2024 the Company drew $0.6 million on the Mobilization LOC. As of September 30, 2024, the Company has fully repaid the Mobilization LOC and no further amounts were borrowable.

Stockholders_ Equity

Stockholders’ Equity	9 Months Ended
Stockholders’ Equity	Sep. 30, 2024
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]
Stockholders’ Equity	Stockholders’ Equity At-the-Market Offering In the first half of 2024, the Company received net proceeds on sales of 32,163 shares of common stock under the at-the-market offering of approximately $0.6 million after deducting $28,000 in commissions and expenses. The weighted-average price of the common stock was $19.11 per share. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company received net proceeds on sales of 980,294 shares of common stock under the at-the-market offering of approximately $1.2 million after deducting $37,000 in commissions and expenses. The weighted-average price of the common stock was $1.24 per share. Equity Line of Credit – Keystone Capital Partners, LLC On July 20, 2023 (the “Execution Date”), the Company entered into an Equity Line of Credit ("ELOC") with a purchaser, Keystone Capital Partners, LLC (“Keystone”) whereby the Company has the right to sell up to an aggregate of $50.0 million of newly issued shares (the “Keystone ELOC Shares”) of the Company’s common stock. The aggregate number of shares that the Company can sell under the Keystone ELOC Purchase Agreement may not exceed 4.99% of the outstanding common stock, subject to certain exceptions set forth in the Keystone ELOC Purchase Agreement. The purchase price of the shares of common stock that the Company elects to sell to the pursuant to the Keystone ELOC Purchase Agreement will be equal to 97.0% of the lower of (i) the lowest intraday sale price of the common stock on the Company’s current trading market on the applicable purchase date or (ii) the arithmetic average of the three lowest closing sale prices during the ten trading days immediately preceding the applicable purchase date. There is no upper limit on the price per share that Keystone could be obligated to pay for the common stock under the Keystone ELOC Purchase Agreement. In the first half of 2024, the Company received net proceeds on sales of 1,740,027 shares of common stock of approximately $10.7 million, after deducting commissions and expenses of $1.3 million, at a weighted-average price of $6.93 per share. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company received net proceeds on sales of 1,493,000 shares of common stock of approximately $3.6 million, after deducting commissions and expenses of $0.1 million, at a weighted- average price of $2.42 per share. The amount available under this ELOC as of September 30, 2024 was approximately $30 million. Equity Line of Credit - Liqueous, LP On August 31, 2024 (the 'Execution Date"), the Company entered into a new ELOC with Liqueous, LP ("Liqueous"). The Company may sell up to an aggregate of $100 million in newly issued shares (the "Liqueous ELOC Shares") of its common stock during the Commitment Period. The Commitment Period in the agreement is defined as the period beginning on August 31, 2024 and ending either when the Company has sold shares up to $100 million or on the second anniversary of the Execution Date, whichever comes first. Prior to August 31, 2024, stockholder approval was obtained to allow the Company the flexibility to issue more than 20% of its outstanding common stock, in connection with financing arrangements, including but not limited to the ELOC, on June 14, 2024. This approval provides the Company with the ability to issue shares in excess of this threshold under the ELOC or any additional financing arrangement that may require it. The purchase price of the Liqueous ELOC Shares will be 97.0% of the lowest daily volume weighted-average price ("VWAP") of the Company's common stock during a 2-day valuation period following the applicable purchase date. There is no upper limit on the price per share that the Liqueous ELOC Purchaser could be obligated to pay for the Liqueous ELOC Shares under the agreement. The Company's ELOC agreements contain put option features that allows the Company to sell shares of its common stock to the Keystone or Liqueous at specified discounts to the prevailing market price. These put options are classified as derivatives under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. After a thorough assessment of the put option’s fair value, the Company has determined them to be insignificant. As a result, these derivatives have not been recognized in the condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company will continue to monitor the fair value of the put option in subsequent reporting periods and will recognize them in the condensed consolidated financial statements if their fair values become material. Preferred Stock Conversions On May 2024, the Company executed a Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of its Series A, Series B, and Series C preferred stock (collectively, the “May 2024 COD”) following the approval of the Company’s Board of Directors and the requisite numbers of Series A, Series B, and Series C preferred stockholders (collectively, the “Senior Preferred Stock”). Under the May 2024 COD, the Company revised the conversion price of its Senior Preferred Stock to $0.0462 to incentivize the holders to convert their shares into the Company’s common stock. The following table summarizes the number of common stock shares issued upon the conversion of the Senior Preferred Stock: Series of Preferred Stock Number of Preferred Stock Shares Converted Number of Common Stock Shares Issued Upon Conversion Series A 251 36,220 Series B 1,443 220,782 Series C 500,756 78,056 Total 502,450 335,058 The Company concluded that the conversion was an induced conversion and the fair value for the inducement was recognized as a deemed dividend. Due to the fact that the Company does not have any retained earnings, the Company recorded the corresponding entries to additional paid-in capital and the debit/credit had a net nil impact on stockholders’ equity during the period ended September 30, 2024. On May 2024, the holders of Series F, F-1, and F-2 exercised their option to convert the shares into common stock utilizing the Alternate Conversion (defined below) feature. As part of the original terms of the Series F, the shares may be converted to common stock based on the Alternate Conversion Price (defined below) that is lower than the original conversion price of $0.1478 per share (“Alternate Conversion”) if certain events were to occur (“Triggering Event”). The Triggering Events that occurred that enabled an Alternate Conversion is the (i) failure of the applicable registration statement to be filed with the SEC on or prior to the date that is five (5) days after the applicable filing deadline, and (ii) failure to pay dividends. The Alternate Conversion Price is the lowest of (i) the conversion price in effect on the conversion date of the applicable Alternate Conversion, (ii) the greater of (x) the floor price of $0.1478, and (y) 80% of the VWAP of the common stock on the trading day preceding delivery day of the conversion notice, (iii) 80% of the VWAP of common stock as of the trading day of the conversion notice delivery day, and (iv) the greater of (x) the floor price of $0.1478, and (y) 80% of the price of the quotient (I) sum of three lowest days of common stock VWAP over 15 days, divided by (II) three. The following table summarizes the number of shares of common stock issued upon the conversion: Series of Preferred Stock Number of Preferred Stock Shares Converted Number of Common Stock Shares Issued through Conversion Number of Common Stock Shares Issued for Deemed Dividend in Connection with Conversion Series F 4,448 648,441 38,799 Series F-1 653 113,576 — Series F-2 1,153 140,264 10,990 Total 6,254 902,281 49,789 The Series F, F-1, and F-2 preferred stock were converted to common stock based on the triggering of the Alternative Conversion provisions. As such, the carrying value of the Series F, F-1, and F-2 preferred stock were derecognized. Additionally, the issued shares of common stock from the Series F conversion were recognized at par value and the triggered Alternative Conversion recognized as a deemed dividend. The Company recorded the corresponding entries to additional paid-in capital and the debit/credit had a net nil impact on stockholders’ equity during the period ended September 30, 2024. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded a reclassification adjustment of approximately $10,000 to additional paid-in capital and common stock par value related to the Senior Preferred Stock and Series F, F-1, and F-2 conversions.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation	9 Months Ended
Stock-Based Compensation	Sep. 30, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Stock-Based Compensation	Stock-Based Compensation Stock Options The Company grants stock-based compensation under its 2024 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2024 Plan"), 2020 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”) and its 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”). The 2024 Plan, 2020 Plan and 2016 Plan allows the Company to grant incentive and nonqualified stock options, and shares of restricted stock to its employees, directors and consultants. On March 2, 2016, the Company adopted its 2016 Plan. Under the 2016 Plan, there are 15,667 shares of the Company’s common stock available for issuance and the 2016 Plan has a term of 10 years. On December 16, 2020, the Company adopted its 2020 Plan. Under the 2020 Plan, there are 88,889 shares of the Company’s common stock available for issuance and the 2020 Plan has a term of 10 years. On May 9, 2024, the Company adopted its 2024 Plan. Under the 2024 Plan, there are 1,533,508 shares of the Company’s common stock available for issuance and the 2024 Plan has a term of 10 years. Under the 2024 Plan, 2020 Plan and the 2016 Plan (collectively, the "Plans"), upon the exercise of stock options and issuance of fully vested restricted common stock, shares of common stock may be withheld to satisfy tax withholdings. The Company intends to net settle certain employee options to ensure adequate authorized shares under the Plans. On December 22, 2022, the Company adopted its 2022 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “2022 Plan”). Under the 2022 Plan, there are 70,000 shares of the Company’s common stock available for issuance and the 2022 Plan has a termination date of October 31, 2032. A summary of activity under the Plans and the 2022 Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 is as follows: Shares Weighted- Weighted Aggregate Outstanding at December 31, 2023 2,578 $ 9,867.85 8.1 $ — Granted 1,667 $ 13.50 9.9 $ — Forfeited (200) $ 28.50 9.2 $ — Outstanding at September 30, 2024 4,045 $ 6,293.23 8.1 $ — Exercisable at September 30, 2024 2,299 $ 10,995.62 7.2 $ — During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized stock-based compensation of approximately zero and $16,000 related to stock options. The unrecognized compensation cost totaled approximately $47,000 which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.8 years. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company did not issue any stock options. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company issued 1,667 stock options to purchase shares of common stock. The following table presents the weighted-average inputs used for the valuation of options granted, as per the Black-Scholes fair value model for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023: Three months ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30, 2024 2023 2024 2023 Dividend yield — — — % — Expected price volatility — — 95.7 % — Risk-free interest rate — — 4.9 % — Expected term (years) — — 0.8 — Stock-Based Compensation The total stock-based compensation expense recognized was as follows (in thousands): Three months ended Nine months ended 2024 2023 2024 2023 Research and development expenses $ 15 $ 46 $ 67 $ 150 General and administrative expenses 2,138 87 4,510 296 Total stock-based compensation $ 2,153 $ 133 $ 4,577 $ 446 2024 Inducement Awards On September 2, 2024, the Company entered into an Inducement Equity Award Agreement with a consultant, granting 500,000 restricted stock units ("RSUs") and 200,000 shares of unrestricted common stock (collectively, the “2024 Inducement Awards”) in consideration of services to be rendered to the Company. The 2024 Inducement Awards were granted outside of the 2024 Plan in accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(c)(4), but are subject to the terms and conditions of the 2024 Plan. The 500,000 RSUs were granted when the Company’s stock price was $1.46 per share for a total grant date fair value of $0.7 million and will vest on the first anniversary of the grant date, August 30, 2025, with each vested RSUs representing the right to receive one share of the Company’s common stock. The 200,000 shares of unrestricted common stock are not subject to any vesting conditions. As of September 30, 2024, the 500,000 RSUs were accelerated and fully vested per board approval, and the Company issued 500,000 common stock related to the vested RSUs. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized approximately $1.0 million of stock-based compensation in general and administrative expenses related to the 2024 Inducement Awards. Restricted Stock Units A summary of the Company’s restricted stock activity and related information is as follows: Number of Weighted-Average Unvested at December 31, 2023 11,334 $ 37.74 Granted (1) 857,478 $ 2.39 Vested (1) (642,047) $ 1.84 Cancelled (151,345) $ 4.46 Unvested at September 30, 2024 75,420 $ 17.13 (1) Includes 500,000 RSUs granted and vested under the 2024 Inducement Awards with approximately $0.7 million of total recognized compensation cost for the three months ended September 30 ,2024. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, and in relation to restricted stock, the Company recognized stock-based compensation of approximately $1.3 million and $3.7 million, respectively. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, unrecognized stock-based compensation totaled approximately $0.3 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.5 years.

Warrants

Warrants	9 Months Ended
Warrants	Sep. 30, 2024
Warrants [Abstract]
Warrants	Warrants The following table represents a summary of warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock that are outstanding (in thousands, except for exercise price): Warrant Issue Date Outstanding as of September 30, 2024 Exercise Price Expiration June, 2020 - November, 2020 218 $10,044 - $41,850 June, 2025 to November, 2025 January, 2021 - December, 2021 147 $3,510 - $50,625 January, 2026 to December, 2026 March, 2022 - October, 2022 1,843 $2,880 - $18,000 March, 2027 to October, 2027 January, 2023 282 $2,898 January, 2028 February, 2023 1,372 $2,880 - $4,500 February, 2028 June, 2023 7,446 $1,330 - $1,384 June, 2028 March, 2024 5,001 $14 March, 2029 July, 2024 350,000 $2.65 N/A August, 2024 600,000 $1.90 - $2.02 August, 2029 On September 18, 2024, the Company entered into two Warrant Exchange Agreements (collectively, the “2024 Warrant Exchange”) with two investors to exchange 366 warrants issued between 2018 and 2022 into a total of 50,000 shares of common stock. The 2024 Warrant Exchange was treated as a modification in accordance with ASC 718 and the Company recognized $0.1 million in general and administrative expense related to the 2024 Warrant Exchange during the three months ended September 30, 2024.

Leases

Leases	9 Months Ended
Leases	Sep. 30, 2024
Leases [Abstract]
Leases	Leases Leases Under the Smart Windows Division The Smart Windows division operating segment leases and subleases various office and laboratory spaces under non-cancelable operating leases with various expiration dates through fiscal 2027, certain of which contain renewal provisions. These renewal provisions are not reasonably certain to be exercised and therefore are not factored into the determination of lease payments. The Smart Windows division operating segment has no lease agreements that are classified as finance leases. In March 2021, the Company entered into a lease agreement with Hudson 11601 Wilshire, LLC, to lease 3,500 square feet of office space located in Los Angeles, California. The lease term is 39 months and expires on June 30, 2024. In April 2024, the Company entered into the first amendment for the Hudson lease to revise the payment schedule for the remaining lease term expiring on June 30, 2024. Subsequently, the Company entered into the second amendment in June 2024 to extend the lease term. The second amended lease expires in September 2027. The Company recorded a right-of-use asset of approximately $0.6 million and lease liabilities of approximately $0.6 million related to the first and second amended lease agreements. L eases Under the Fiber Optics Group The Fiber Optics group leases various offices, storage spaces, and equipment under non-cancelable operating leases. These leases have expiration dates through fiscal 2026. Certain leases include renewal options; however, these renewal options are not considered reasonably certain to be exercised and are therefore excluded from the calculation of lease payments. The Fiber Optics group does not have any lease agreements classified as finance leases. In August 2024, the Company entered into a month-to-month lease agreement with PWR LLC to sublease a portion of it's Burnham Lease located at 12627 S 182nd Pl, Gilbert, Arizona. The sublease agreement is set on a rolling 30-day renewal basis, allowing either party to terminate the agreement with a 30-day notice. The Company recorded $7,900 in other income for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The Company has elected to apply the short-term lease practical expedient in accordance with ASC 842, Leases. Under this guidance, the Company has chosen not to recognize right-of-use assets or lease liabilities for leases with a lease term of 12 months or less. Instead, lease payments for these short-term leases are recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The components of lease expense are as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine months Ended 2024 2023 2024 2023 Operating leases: Operating lease costs $ 214 $ 108 $ 696 $ 439 Variable lease costs — 25 20 74 Short-term lease costs - equipment 1,282 — 2,263 — Operating lease expense $ 1,496 $ 133 $ 2,979 $ 513 Supplemental cash flow information are as follows (in thousands): Nine months ended, 2024 2023 Operating cash flows - operating leases $ 694 $ 513 Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities $ 560 $ — Additional information regarding the Company's operating leases is as follows: September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases (in years) 2.7 1.7 Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases 12.0 % 12.0 % As of September 30, 2024, future minimum payments are as follows (in thousands): Operating 2024 (remaining) $ 218 2025 774 2026 680 2027 410 Total 2,082 Less present value discount (313) Operating lease liabilities $ 1,769

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies	9 Months Ended
Commitments and Contingencies	Sep. 30, 2024
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	Commitments and Contingencies Litigation From time to time, the Company is also involved in various other claims and legal actions that arise in the ordinary course of business. Although the results of litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company does not believe that the ultimate resolution of these actions will have a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operations, liquidity or capital resources. Future litigation may be necessary to defend ourselves and our partners by determining the scope, enforceability and validity of third party proprietary rights or to establish the Company’s proprietary rights. The results of any current or future litigation cannot be predicted with certainty, and regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on the Company because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors. Loan Guaranty In May 2024, the Company entered into a Corporate Guaranty agreement (the “Guaranty”) with Mobilization Funding, LLC (“Mobilization”) and borrowed approximately $0.6 million as part of the Mobilization Note II LOC discussed in Note 5. As part of the Guaranty, the Company agreed to be the primary obligor for the Fiber Optics division segment and be responsible for the repayment of all principal and interest borrowed under the Guaranty. As of September 30, 2024, all amounts under the Mobilization Note II LOC had been repaid, terminating the Guaranty.

Segment Reporting

Segment Reporting	9 Months Ended
Segment Reporting	Sep. 30, 2024
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Segment Reporting	Segment Reporting The Company operates in four segments: the Smart Windows division, the Fiber Optics division, Slant Wells group and Element 82. Smart Windows Division: This division focuses on developing and selling optical switching films that can be embedded between sheets of glass or applied to the surface of glass or other rigid substrates like acrylic, to electronically control opacity. The technology, initially developed by Hewlett-Packard, enables a transition between clear and dark states in seconds. It is aimed at various applications including commercial buildings, automotive sunroofs, and residential windows. The Company partners with leading glass and film manufacturers for the mass production and distribution of its DynamicTint product. This segment also includes Smart Window Inserts, designed for retrofitting in commercial and residential settings, offering dynamic tinting along with additional insulation and soundproofing. Fiber Optics Division: The Company's involvement in fiber optics is relatively recent, marked by the acquisition of Amerigen 7's assets, which was focused on the construction of 5G fiber optics infrastructure. The Fiber Optics division provides contracting services to the fiber optics and telecommunications infrastructure industry. Services range from program management and engineering to the construction of aerial and underground fiber networks. This division aims to capitalize on the demand for enhanced telecommunications bandwidth, with efforts to expand through selective market share increase, potential acquisitions, and leveraging new equipment like micro trenchers to gain a strategic advantage. Slant Wells Group : This division focuses on the construction of slant wells for the provision of ocean water to desalination plants that in turn produces fresh water to the planned development sites. Element 82: Element 82 is a water pipeline inspection service provider focused on lead detection and condition assessment. Element 82 plays a vital role in lead testing and prevention, working closely with health departments to address lead exposure risks, especially among children. The CODM does not evaluate operating segments using asset or liability information. The following table presents a comparative summary of the Company’s revenues by reportable segment for the periods presented (in thousands): For the three months ended, For the nine months ended 2024 2023 2024 2023 Segment Revenue Smart Windows $ — $ — $ — $ — Fiber Optics 4,969 — 10,299 59 Slant Wells 2,836 — 2,836 — Element 82 232 — 232 — Total Revenue $ 8,037 $ — $ 13,367 $ 59 Operations by reportable segment for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, are as follows (in thousands): For the three months ended September 30, 2024 Smart Windows Fiber Optics Slant Wells Element 82 Corporate and Other (a) Total Revenue $ — $ 4,969 $ 2,836 $ 232 $ — $ 8,037 Cost of revenue — 5,411 1,117 95 — 6,623 Gross (loss) profit — (442) 1,719 — 137 — — — 1,414 Operating expenses: Research and development 720 — — — — 720 General and administrative — 1,107 1 140 5,259 6,507 Total operating expenses 720 1,107 1 140 5,259 7,227 Income (loss) from operations (720) (1,549) 1,718 (3) (5,259) (5,813) Other income (expense), net: Interest income (expense) — (5) — (1) 6 — Other income (expense), net — 8 — — (59) (51) Total other income (expense), net — 3 — (1) (53) (51) Net income (loss) $ (720) $ (1,546) $ 1,718 $ (4) $ (5,312) $ (5,864) (a) The Corporate and Other are expenses that are not currently allocated among our Smart Windows division, Fiber Optics division, Slant Wells group and Element 82. For the three months ended September 30, 2023 Smart Windows Fiber Optics Slant Wells Element 82 Corporate and Other(a) Total Revenue $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Cost of revenue — — — — — — Gross profit (loss) — — — — — — Operating expenses: Research and development 492 — — — — 492 General and administrative — 471 — — 2,470 2,941 Total operating expenses 492 471 — — 2,470 3,433 Loss from operations (492) (471) — — (2,470) (3,433) Other income (expense), net: Interest expense — (1) — — (2,444) (2,445) Change in fair value of warrants — — — — 2,688 2,688 Change in fair value of notes — — — — (40) (40) Change in fair value of derivative liability — — — — 401 401 Other expense, net — — — — (30) (30) Total other income (expense), net — (1) — — 575 574 Net loss $ (492) $ (472) $ — $ — $ (1,895) $ (2,859) (a) The Corporate and Other are expenses that are not currently allocated among our Smart Windows division, Fiber Optics division, Slant Wells group and Element 82. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 Smart Windows Fiber Optics Slant Wells Element 82 Corporate and Other(a) Total Revenue $ — $ 10,299 $ 2,836 $ 232 $ — $ 13,367 Cost of revenue — 11,213 1,135 94 — 12,442 Gross (loss) profit — (914) 1,701 138 — 925 Operating expenses: Research and development 1,945 — — — — 1,945 General and administrative — 1,815 5 140 11,445 13,405 Total operating expenses 1,945 1,815 5 140 11,445 15,350 Income (loss) from operations (1,945) (2,729) 1,696 (2) (11,445) (14,425) Other income (expense), net: Interest expense — (168) (4) (1) (828) (1,001) Other income (expense), net — 8 — — (87) (79) Total other expense, net — (160) (4) (1) (915) (1,080) Net income (loss) $ (1,945) $ (2,889) $ 1,692 $ (3) $ (12,360) $ (15,505) (a) The Corporate and Other are expenses that are not currently allocated among our Smart Windows division, Fiber Optics division, Slant Wells group and Element 82. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 Smart Windows Fiber Optics Slant Wells Element 82 Corporate and Other(a) Total Revenue $ — $ 59 $ — $ — $ — $ 59 Cost of revenue — 54 — — — 54 Gross (loss) profit — 5 — — — 5 Operating expenses: Research and development 1,523 — — — — 1,523 General and administrative — 3,381 — — 7,545 10,926 Total operating expenses 1,523 3,381 — — 7,545 12,449 Loss from operations (1,523) (3,376) — — (7,545) (12,444) Other income (expense), net: Interest expense — (10) — — (6,960) (6,970) Loss on extinguishment of warrant liability — — — — (504) (504) Loss on extinguishment of debt — — — — (2,345) (2,345) Gain on issuance of convertible notes — — — — 64 64 Change in fair value of warrants — — — — 10,424 10,424 Change in fair value of notes — — — — (7,040) (7,040) Change in fair value of derivative liability — — — — 401 401 Other expense, net — — — — (1,264) (1,264) Total other expense, net — (10) — — (7,224) (7,234) Net loss $ (1,523) $ (3,386) — $ — $ (14,769) $ (19,678) (a) The Corporate and Other are expenses that are not currently allocated among our Smart Windows division, Fiber Optics division, Slant Wells group and Element 82. The following table presents long-lived assets by segment (in thousands): As of September 30 As of December 31 2024 2023 Smart Windows $ 2,110 $ 2,490 Fiber Optics $ 2,632 $ 2,021 Slant Wells $ 802 $ — Element 82 $ 985 $ —

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events	9 Months Ended
Subsequent Events	Sep. 30, 2024
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	Subsequent Events From October 10, 2024 through November 14, 2024, the Company issued and sold under the at-the-market offering a total of 1,463,800 shares, resulting in gross proceeds of approximately $1.9 million. After accounting for commissions and expenses totaling $56,000, net proceeds from these sales amounted to approximately $1.8 million. These shares were issued at a weighted-average price of $1.28 per share. On October 15, 2024, the Company amended its prospectus supplement, initially dated March 30, 2022, to increase the maximum aggregate offering price of its common stock available for sale through its sales agent, Alliance Global Partners ("A.G.P"), under the existing Sales Agreement. This amendment permits the Company to offer and sell additional shares, and raises the total maximum aggregate offering price to $63 million, of which approximately $13 million in gross proceeds has already been realized. Additionally, the amendment includes the registration of an extra $50 million in common stock for issuance through A.G.P., per the terms of the Sales Agreement. On October 15, 2024, the Company filed a registration statement to resell up to 20,000,000 shares of common stock by Liqueous, LP in connection with its ELOC pursuant to a Common Stock Purchase Agreement dated August 31, 2024. From October 1, 2024 through October 28, 2024, the Company drew upon its ELOC and issued 1,187,971 shares of common stock at a weighted-average price of $0.91 per share, which resulted in net proceeds of approximately $1.0 million after commissions, fees, and offering costs of $32,000.

Basis of Presentation and Sig_2

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation	Basis of Presentation The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions among consolidated entities were eliminated upon consolidation. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X for interim financial reporting. As permitted under those rules, certain footnotes or other financial information can be condensed or omitted. These condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures have been prepared with the assumption that users of the interim financial information have read or have access to the audited consolidated financial statements for the preceding fiscal year. Accordingly, these statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on April 1, 2024 (the "2023 Form 10-K"). These condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal and recurring adjustments that are necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s consolidated financial information. The interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year, or for any other future annual or interim period.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Accounting estimates and assumptions are inherently uncertain. Management bases its estimates and assumptions on current facts, historical experience and various other factors believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ materially and adversely from these estimates. Significant estimates and assumptions made in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include, but not limited to, cost-to-cost (input) revenue recognition method, fair value of warrant issuances, provision for expected credit losses, useful lives and recoverability of long-lived assets, valuation of deferred tax assets, stock-based compensation and operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities.
Reclassifications	Reclassifications Certain reclassifications have been made to the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 for consistency with the presentation of the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. There was no effect on the Company's financial position or stockholders' equity as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 or the results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
Risks and Uncertainties	Risks and Uncertainties The Company is currently operating in a period of economic uncertainty and capital markets disruption, which has been significantly impacted by geopolitical instability due to the ongoing military conflict between Russia and Ukraine, as well as Israel and Hamas. The Company’s financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected by any negative impact on the global economy and capital markets resulting from the conflict in Ukraine or any other geopolitical tensions. The condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition The Company generates revenue primarily through the four revenue streams described below which together, represent four operating segments; the Fiber Optics division, the Slant Wells group, Element 82, and the Smart Windows division. The Slant Wells group and Element 82, while reported as separate operating segments, are part of the Company's newly formed "Water Solutions" division. The Fiber Optics division's specialty services are performed for communications providers in connection with the deployment of underground fiber optic transmission lines and include the upfront procurement of specialized equipment that will be used to provide the services. The Slant Wells group's specialty services involves the construction of “slant wells” providing water for desalination plants and include the upfront procurement of specialized equipment that will be used to provide the services. Element 82 helps water utility companies meet all Environmental Protection Agency compliance requirements by identifying lead pipes in residential, commercial and municipal water line systems. Their specialty services include the upfront procurement of specialized equipment that will be used to provide the services. The Smart Windows division produces, sells and installs products referred to as the Smart Window Inserts, using DynamicTint Electrokinetic Technology that allows windows to tint and transition from clear to true black. Together, these revenue sources support the Company’s diversified income model across its core operating segments. The Company recognizes revenue upon the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for promised goods or services. The Company applies the following five-step revenue recognition model in accounting for its revenue arrangements: • Identification of the contract with the customer; • Identification of the performance obligations in the contract; • Determination of the transaction price; • Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and • Recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company has elected the practical expedient to not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component when the time between the goods or service being transferred to the customer and the customer pays is one year or less. Fiber Optics Division Revenue Recognition The nature of the Company’s Fiber Optics division's performance in its agreements is to customize outputs by constructing infrastructure that is customer specific. The Company is required to adhere to the rules and regulations that are outlined in an agreement between the Company and the customer. As a result, the Fiber Optic division's contracts prevent the Company from directing the use of such output to any other entity except the specific customer. The customer is the only party that can benefit from the output that results from the Company’s performance of specialty services under the contract. As such, the Company’s performance does not create an asset with an alternative use and the Company has concluded that the specialty services are recognized over time. In accordance with ASC 606, the Company meets the criteria for recognizing revenue over time because it maintains an enforceable right to bill the customer for performance completed to date as the services are rendered. This right to bill is consistent with the Company's obligation to provide continuous access to the project, reflecting progress toward completion that is aligned with customer specifications. To measure the progress of completion, the Company uses a cost-to-cost (input) method, by comparing costs incurred to date relative to the total expected costs to satisfy the performance obligation. When applying this method, the Company excludes the effects of any costs that do not depict its performance in transferring control of goods or services to the customer. Additionally, the Company notes that the procurement performance obligation is not considered distinct and is therefore combined with other specialty services as part of a single performance obligation. Slant Wells Group Revenue Recognition The nature of the Company’s Slant Wells group's performance in its agreements is to customize output by constructing slant wells that are customer specific. The Company is required to adhere to the rules and regulations that are outlined in an agreement between the Company and the customer. As a result, the slant well contracts prevent the Company from directing the use of such output to any other entity except the specific customer. The customer is the only party that can benefit from the output that results from the Company’s performance of the services under the contract. As such, the Company’s performance does not create an asset with an alternative use and the Company has concluded that the services are recognized over time. The Company maintains an enforceable right to bill the customer for performance completed to date. This right to bill reflects the progress toward fulfilling the contract and confirms that the Company’s services are being rendered continuously, with the customer receiving benefits from the ongoing completion of the customized slant well. To measure the progress of completion, the Company uses a cost-to-cost (input) method, by comparing costs incurred to date relative to the total expected costs to satisfy the performance obligation. The Company notes that when applying this method, it excludes the effects of any costs that do not depict its performance in transferring control of goods or services to the customer. Element 82 Revenue Recognition The Company performs water service line lead pipe inspection and investigation services at customer locations pursuant to the contracts. These fulfillment services which constitute a series of distinct performance obligations recognized over time, culminate in comprehensive lead pipe inspection reports which the Company is required to provide to its customers. Revenue is recognized as units are delivered (output method), reflecting the delivery of inspection report units as a percentage of the total units agreed upon in each contract. The Company procures equipment essential for fulfilling these services. The costs associated with equipment procurement are capitalized when they meet the criteria for capitalization and are amortized over the period in which the related performance obligations are satisfied. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, capitalized costs related to equipment procurement were considered insignificant. Smart Windows Division Revenue Recognition The Company’s Smart Windows division has not entered into any material revenue contracts with its customers and no revenue was recognized for this operating segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
Contract Assets and Provision for Credit Losses	Contract Assets The Company records contract assets for revenue recognized in excess of billings, representing amounts due from customers where revenue has been recognized based on the satisfaction of performance obligations but for which billing has not yet occurred. Contract assets, including unbilled receivables, are recorded when the Company has an unconditional right to payment, and are subsequently reclassified to accounts receivable when the right to bill the customer arises. Provision for Credit Losses The provision for credit losses is based on the Company’s assessment of the collectibility of its customer accounts and retention receivables and contract assets, all of which fall within the scope of ASC 326. The Company reviews the provision for credit losses by considering certain factors such as historical experience, industry data, credit quality, age of balances and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. Uncollectible accounts and retention receivables and contract assets are written off when all efforts to collect have been exhausted and recoveries are recognized when they are recovered. The Company’s provision for credit losses was zero as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Deferred Revenue and Contract Liabilities	Deferred Revenue and Contract Liabilities The Company records deferred revenue as contract liabilities when it receives payments from customers in advance of performing the contracted services or delivering goods. Deferred revenue is recognized as revenue in the period when the services are performed or the goods are delivered, satisfying the Company's obligations under the contract terms. For Fiber Optics and Slant Well projects, the Company recognizes revenue on a percentage-of-completion basis, based on the proportion of costs incurred to total estimated costs. For Element 82, the Company recognizes revenue on a percentage-of-completion basis, based on the proportion of units delivered to total units in the contract. In instances where significant judgments are required to estimate completion, management reviews and adjusts deferred revenue balances periodically to reflect performance progress accurately. In instances where anticipated costs to complete a contract are expected to exceed the contract’s total revenue, the Company recognizes an estimated loss on the contract. This estimated loss is accrued as a liability and recognized in full in the period the loss is identified, ensuring the contract assets and liabilities accurately represent the Company’s financial position.
Concentrations of Risk and Significant Customers	Concentrations of Risk and Significant Customers The Company maintains its cash accounts with financial institutions, ensuring all deposits remain fully protected by utilizing ICS/Sweep accounts. As a result, no cash balances exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limits, providing complete coverage and safeguarding the Company's funds through September 30, 2024. The Company’s customers are generally large public or private companies with good credit and payment practices and a positive reputation in the industry at the time that the contracts are entered into. Furthermore, because it has the ability to stop transferring promised goods and services if payment is not received, the Company has concluded that collection risk is minimal. Three customers accounted for 91% of accounts receivable as of September 30, 2024. Accounts receivable were not significant as of December 31, 2023. The Company’s revenue is generated from its Fiber Optics, Slant Wells, and Element 82 segments. Three customers accounted for approximately 95% and 84% of the total revenue generated for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. Revenue was not significant for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company’s vendor purchases primarily included costs associated with professional fees, subcontractor labor, equipment purchases and leases, and purchases of other supplies and materials. Any disruptions in the Company’s vendor relationships could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.
Reportable Segments	Reportable Segments Operating segments are defined as components of an entity for which discrete financial information is available that is regularly reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources to an individual segment and in assessing performance. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer is determined to be the CODM. The Company has four operating segments during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, including the Smart Windows division, the Fiber Optics division, the Slant Wells group and Element 82. The Company has four reportable segments, the Smart Windows division, the Fiber Optics division, the Slant Wells group, and Element 82. Revenue recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 relates to the Fiber Optics division, the Slant Wells group and Element 82.
Deferred Debt Issuance Costs	Deferred Debt Issuance Costs The Company accounts for debt issuance costs related to its line of credit and equity line of credit as a deferred asset on the condensed consolidated balance sheets, which is amortized over the life of the line of credit and equity line of credit. Since the Company has elected the fair value option for its convertible notes, upon a draw down, a portion of the deferred asset
Warrants	Warrants The Company estimates the fair value of certain common stock warrants issued both before and after June 30, 2024, using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. This model requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions, including the expected volatility of the Company’s stock price, the expected term of the warrants, the risk-free interest rate, and expected dividends. Common Stock Warrants Issued Before June 30, 2024: These warrants are classified as liabilities as their settlement terms preclude equity classification. The warrants were recorded at fair value upon issuance and are subsequently remeasured at fair value at each balance sheet date, with changes in fair value recognized within other income (expense), net in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. The change in fair value of warrant liabilities for both the three months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 were zero. The change in fair value of warrant liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 were zero and $0.5 million, respectively. The fair value of warrant liabilities were insignificant as of both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Common Stock Warrants Issued After June 30, 2024: Warrants issued after June 30, 2024 have been classified within stockholders' equity as they meet the criteria for equity classification. Specifically, these warrants are indexed to the Company’s common stock and do not contain settlement provisions that would preclude them from equity classification. Upon issuance, the fair value of these equity-classified warrants was recorded in additional paid-in capital with no subsequent remeasurement required. Valuation Assumptions for Black-Scholes Model: The following key assumptions were used in the Black-Scholes model to estimate fair value: • Volatility: Based on historical volatility of comparable companies • Expected Term: Estimated based on the contractual term of the warrants • Risk-Free Interest Rate: Based on U.S. Treasury yields at the time of issuance • Dividend Yield: Assumed to be zero, as the Company does not expect to pay dividends
Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders	Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed using the sum of the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period and the effect of dilutive securities. As the Company was in a net loss position for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same as basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders because the effects of potentially dilutive securities are antidilutive.
Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted and Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted	Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-07, Segment Reporting: Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires disclosure of incremental segment information on an interim and annual basis. The Company adopted annual requirements under ASU 2023-07 on January 1, 2024 and plans to adopt interim requirements under ASU 2023-07 on January 1, 2025. The Company will begin including financial statement disclosures in accordance with ASU 2023-07 in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2024. The Company is evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative. ASU 2023-06 incorporates 14 of the 27 disclosure requirements published in SEC Release No. 33-10532: Disclosure Update and Simplification into various topics within the ASC. ASU 2023-06’s amendments represent clarifications to, or technical corrections of, current requirements. For SEC registrants, the effective date for each amendment will be the date on which the SEC removes that related disclosure from its rules. Early adoption is prohibited. The Company does not expect the standard to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes: Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires enhanced annual disclosures regarding the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and may be adopted on a prospective or retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Basis of Presentation and Sig_3

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Scehdule of Contract with Customer, Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities	The following table provides a rollforward of the contract assets activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024: Balance as of January 1, 2024 $ — Revenue recognized prior to billings 1,109 Billings (854) Balance as of September 30, 2024 $ 255 The following table provides a rollforward of the contract liabilities activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024: Balance as of January 1, 2024 $ — Billings 1,260 Revenue recognized (1,020) Balance as of September 30, 2024 $ 240
Schedule of Potentially Dilute Loss Per Share	Securities that could potentially dilute loss per share in the future that were not included in the computation of diluted loss per share as of September 30, 2024 and 2023 are as follows: September 30, 2024 2023 Series A preferred stock ("Series A") — 21 Series B preferred stock ("Series B") — 226 Series C preferred stock ("Series C") — 62 Series F preferred stock ("Series F") — 3,344 Series F-1 preferred stock ("Series F-1") — 484 Series F-2 preferred stock ("Series F-2") — 833 Warrants to purchase common stock (excluding penny warrants) 966,523 11,734 Warrants to purchase Series E preferred stock 5,000 5,000 Options to purchase common stock 4,045 1,052 Unvested restricted stock units 75,420 48 Commitment shares 1,420 1,335 Total 1,052,408 24,139

Balance Sheet Components (Table

Balance Sheet Components (Tables)	9 Months Ended
Balance Sheet Components (Tables)	Sep. 30, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Schedule of Prepaid and Other Current Assets	Prepaid and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands): September 30, December 31, License fees $ 16 $ 158 Prepaid rent 11 277 Other 355 293 Total $ 382 $ 728
Schedule of Property and Equipment, Net	Property and equipment, net, consisted of the following (in thousands): September 30, December 31, Equipment $ 4,914 $ 3,155 Leasehold improvements 362 362 Vehicles 700 395 Computers 54 56 Furniture and fixtures 3 3 Construction-in-progress 727 77 Total 6,760 4,048 Less: accumulated depreciation (1,444) (919) Property and equipment, net $ 5,316 $ 3,129
Schedule of Intangible Assets, Net	Intangible assets, net, consists of the following (in thousands): September 30, December 31, Patents $ 1,800 $ 1,800 Research license 375 375 Customer relationships 4 4 Total 2,179 2,179 Less: accumulated amortization (966) (797) Intangible assets, net $ 1,213 $ 1,382
Schedule of Estimated Amortization of Intangible Assets	The following table represents the total estimated amortization of intangible assets for the five succeeding years and thereafter as of September 30, 2024 (in thousands): Estimated 2024 (remaining) $ 55 2025 220 2026 183 2027 180 2028 180 Thereafter 395 Total $ 1,213
Schedule of Deferred Debt Issuance Costs	Deferred debt issuance costs consist of the following (in thousands): September 30, December 31, Standing letter of credit $ 150 $ 150 Equity letter of credit 554 554 Line of credit 9,943 9,943 Total 10,647 10,647 Accumulated amortization (10,424) (9,341) Deferred debt issuance costs $ 223 $ 1,306
Schedule of Accrued Expenses	Accrued expenses consisted of the following (in thousands): September 30, December 31, Payroll and related expenses $ 109 $ 112 Bonus — 1,000 Other expenses 808 82 Total $ 917 $ 1,194

Debt (Tables)

Debt (Tables)	9 Months Ended
Debt (Tables)	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes Payable [Abstract]
Schedule of Future Minimum Principal Payments	As of September 30, 2024, the expected future minimum principal payments under the Company’s notes payable are as follows (in thousands): Expected Future Principal Note Payments 2024 (remainder) $ 67 2025 81 2026 76 2027 71 2028 65 Thereafter 78 Total $ 438

Stockholders_ Equity (Tables)

Stockholders’ Equity (Tables)	9 Months Ended
Stockholders’ Equity (Tables)	Sep. 30, 2024
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]
Schedule of Conversions of Stock	The following table summarizes the number of common stock shares issued upon the conversion of the Senior Preferred Stock: Series of Preferred Stock Number of Preferred Stock Shares Converted Number of Common Stock Shares Issued Upon Conversion Series A 251 36,220 Series B 1,443 220,782 Series C 500,756 78,056 Total 502,450 335,058 Series of Preferred Stock Number of Preferred Stock Shares Converted Number of Common Stock Shares Issued through Conversion Number of Common Stock Shares Issued for Deemed Dividend in Connection with Conversion Series F 4,448 648,441 38,799 Series F-1 653 113,576 — Series F-2 1,153 140,264 10,990 Total 6,254 902,281 49,789

Stock-Based Compensation (Table

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)	9 Months Ended
Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)	Sep. 30, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Schedule of Activity Under the Plans	A summary of activity under the Plans and the 2022 Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 is as follows: Shares Weighted- Weighted Aggregate Outstanding at December 31, 2023 2,578 $ 9,867.85 8.1 $ — Granted 1,667 $ 13.50 9.9 $ — Forfeited (200) $ 28.50 9.2 $ — Outstanding at September 30, 2024 4,045 $ 6,293.23 8.1 $ — Exercisable at September 30, 2024 2,299 $ 10,995.62 7.2 $ —
Schedule of Determining the Fair Value of Stock Options Granted	The following table presents the weighted-average inputs used for the valuation of options granted, as per the Black-Scholes fair value model for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023: Three months ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30, 2024 2023 2024 2023 Dividend yield — — — % — Expected price volatility — — 95.7 % — Risk-free interest rate — — 4.9 % — Expected term (years) — — 0.8 —
Schedule of Stock-Based Compensation Expense Recognized	The total stock-based compensation expense recognized was as follows (in thousands): Three months ended Nine months ended 2024 2023 2024 2023 Research and development expenses $ 15 $ 46 $ 67 $ 150 General and administrative expenses 2,138 87 4,510 296 Total stock-based compensation $ 2,153 $ 133 $ 4,577 $ 446
Schedule of Restricted Stock Activity	A summary of the Company’s restricted stock activity and related information is as follows: Number of Weighted-Average Unvested at December 31, 2023 11,334 $ 37.74 Granted (1) 857,478 $ 2.39 Vested (1) (642,047) $ 1.84 Cancelled (151,345) $ 4.46 Unvested at September 30, 2024 75,420 $ 17.13 (1) Includes 500,000 RSUs granted and vested under the 2024 Inducement Awards with approximately $0.7 million of total recognized compensation cost for the three months ended September 30 ,2024.

Warrants (Tables)

Warrants (Tables)	9 Months Ended
Warrants (Tables)	Sep. 30, 2024
Warrants [Abstract]
Schedule of Warrants	The following table represents a summary of warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock that are outstanding (in thousands, except for exercise price): Warrant Issue Date Outstanding as of September 30, 2024 Exercise Price Expiration June, 2020 - November, 2020 218 $10,044 - $41,850 June, 2025 to November, 2025 January, 2021 - December, 2021 147 $3,510 - $50,625 January, 2026 to December, 2026 March, 2022 - October, 2022 1,843 $2,880 - $18,000 March, 2027 to October, 2027 January, 2023 282 $2,898 January, 2028 February, 2023 1,372 $2,880 - $4,500 February, 2028 June, 2023 7,446 $1,330 - $1,384 June, 2028 March, 2024 5,001 $14 March, 2029 July, 2024 350,000 $2.65 N/A August, 2024 600,000 $1.90 - $2.02 August, 2029

Leases (Tables)

Leases (Tables)	9 Months Ended
Leases (Tables)	Sep. 30, 2024
Leases [Abstract]
Schedule of Lease Expense	The components of lease expense are as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine months Ended 2024 2023 2024 2023 Operating leases: Operating lease costs $ 214 $ 108 $ 696 $ 439 Variable lease costs — 25 20 74 Short-term lease costs - equipment 1,282 — 2,263 — Operating lease expense $ 1,496 $ 133 $ 2,979 $ 513 Supplemental cash flow information are as follows (in thousands): Nine months ended, 2024 2023 Operating cash flows - operating leases $ 694 $ 513 Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities $ 560 $ — Additional information regarding the Company's operating leases is as follows: September 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases (in years) 2.7 1.7 Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases 12.0 % 12.0 %
Schedule of Future Minimum Payments	As of September 30, 2024, future minimum payments are as follows (in thousands): Operating 2024 (remaining) $ 218 2025 774 2026 680 2027 410 Total 2,082 Less present value discount (313) Operating lease liabilities $ 1,769

Segment Reporting (Tables)

Segment Reporting (Tables)	9 Months Ended
Segment Reporting (Tables)	Sep. 30, 2024
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Schedule of Revenues by Reportable Segment	The following table presents a comparative summary of the Company’s revenues by reportable segment for the periods presented (in thousands): For the three months ended, For the nine months ended 2024 2023 2024 2023 Segment Revenue Smart Windows $ — $ — $ — $ — Fiber Optics 4,969 — 10,299 59 Slant Wells 2,836 — 2,836 — Element 82 232 — 232 — Total Revenue $ 8,037 $ — $ 13,367 $ 59
Schedule of Operations by Reportable Segment	Operations by reportable segment for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, are as follows (in thousands): For the three months ended September 30, 2024 Smart Windows Fiber Optics Slant Wells Element 82 Corporate and Other (a) Total Revenue $ — $ 4,969 $ 2,836 $ 232 $ — $ 8,037 Cost of revenue — 5,411 1,117 95 — 6,623 Gross (loss) profit — (442) 1,719 — 137 — — — 1,414 Operating expenses: Research and development 720 — — — — 720 General and administrative — 1,107 1 140 5,259 6,507 Total operating expenses 720 1,107 1 140 5,259 7,227 Income (loss) from operations (720) (1,549) 1,718 (3) (5,259) (5,813) Other income (expense), net: Interest income (expense) — (5) — (1) 6 — Other income (expense), net — 8 — — (59) (51) Total other income (expense), net — 3 — (1) (53) (51) Net income (loss) $ (720) $ (1,546) $ 1,718 $ (4) $ (5,312) $ (5,864) (a) The Corporate and Other are expenses that are not currently allocated among our Smart Windows division, Fiber Optics division, Slant Wells group and Element 82. For the three months ended September 30, 2023 Smart Windows Fiber Optics Slant Wells Element 82 Corporate and Other(a) Total Revenue $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Cost of revenue — — — — — — Gross profit (loss) — — — — — — Operating expenses: Research and development 492 — — — — 492 General and administrative — 471 — — 2,470 2,941 Total operating expenses 492 471 — — 2,470 3,433 Loss from operations (492) (471) — — (2,470) (3,433) Other income (expense), net: Interest expense — (1) — — (2,444) (2,445) Change in fair value of warrants — — — — 2,688 2,688 Change in fair value of notes — — — — (40) (40) Change in fair value of derivative liability — — — — 401 401 Other expense, net — — — — (30) (30) Total other income (expense), net — (1) — — 575 574 Net loss $ (492) $ (472) $ — $ — $ (1,895) $ (2,859) (a) The Corporate and Other are expenses that are not currently allocated among our Smart Windows division, Fiber Optics division, Slant Wells group and Element 82. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 Smart Windows Fiber Optics Slant Wells Element 82 Corporate and Other(a) Total Revenue $ — $ 10,299 $ 2,836 $ 232 $ — $ 13,367 Cost of revenue — 11,213 1,135 94 — 12,442 Gross (loss) profit — (914) 1,701 138 — 925 Operating expenses: Research and development 1,945 — — — — 1,945 General and administrative — 1,815 5 140 11,445 13,405 Total operating expenses 1,945 1,815 5 140 11,445 15,350 Income (loss) from operations (1,945) (2,729) 1,696 (2) (11,445) (14,425) Other income (expense), net: Interest expense — (168) (4) (1) (828) (1,001) Other income (expense), net — 8 — — (87) (79) Total other expense, net — (160) (4) (1) (915) (1,080) Net income (loss) $ (1,945) $ (2,889) $ 1,692 $ (3) $ (12,360) $ (15,505) (a) The Corporate and Other are expenses that are not currently allocated among our Smart Windows division, Fiber Optics division, Slant Wells group and Element 82. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 Smart Windows Fiber Optics Slant Wells Element 82 Corporate and Other(a) Total Revenue $ — $ 59 $ — $ — $ — $ 59 Cost of revenue — 54 — — — 54 Gross (loss) profit — 5 — — — 5 Operating expenses: Research and development 1,523 — — — — 1,523 General and administrative — 3,381 — — 7,545 10,926 Total operating expenses 1,523 3,381 — — 7,545 12,449 Loss from operations (1,523) (3,376) — — (7,545) (12,444) Other income (expense), net: Interest expense — (10) — — (6,960) (6,970) Loss on extinguishment of warrant liability — — — — (504) (504) Loss on extinguishment of debt — — — — (2,345) (2,345) Gain on issuance of convertible notes — — — — 64 64 Change in fair value of warrants — — — — 10,424 10,424 Change in fair value of notes — — — — (7,040) (7,040) Change in fair value of derivative liability — — — — 401 401 Other expense, net — — — — (1,264) (1,264) Total other expense, net — (10) — — (7,224) (7,234) Net loss $ (1,523) $ (3,386) — $ — $ (14,769) $ (19,678) (a) The Corporate and Other are expenses that are not currently allocated among our Smart Windows division, Fiber Optics division, Slant Wells group and Element 82.
Schedule of Long Lived Assets by Segment	The following table presents long-lived assets by segment (in thousands): As of September 30 As of December 31 2024 2023 Smart Windows $ 2,110 $ 2,490 Fiber Optics $ 2,632 $ 2,021 Slant Wells $ 802 $ — Element 82 $ 985 $ —

Nature of Business and Liquid_2

Nature of Business and Liquidity (Details) $ in Thousands		9 Months Ended
Nature of Business and Liquidity (Details) $ in Thousands	Jun. 25, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Reverse stock split conversion ratio	0.00667
Cash		$ 3,087		$ 1,059
Accumulated deficit		132,500		$ 116,995
Net loss		15,500
Net cash used in operating activities		$ (11,762)	$ (11,809)

Basis of Presentation and Sig_4

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) segment	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Accounts and retention receivables	$ 4,869		$ 4,869		$ 83
Provision for credit loss	0		$ 0		0
Number of operating segments \| segment			4
Number of reportable segments \| segment			4
Change in fair value of warrant liability	0	$ (2,688)	$ 0	$ (10,424)	500
Contract liabilities	240		240		0
Revenue	8,037	0	13,367	59
Unbilled contracts receivable	300		300		0
Smart Windows
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Three Customer \| Accounts Receivable \| Customer Concentration Risk
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Accountability of customers, percentage			91%
Three Customer \| Revenue Benchmark \| Customer Concentration Risk
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Accountability of customers, percentage	95%		84%
Retainage Receivable
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Accounts and retention receivables	$ 300		$ 300		$ 0
Minimum
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Percentage of retainage			5%
Maximum
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Percentage of retainage			10%

Basis of Presentation and Sig_5

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Contract with Customer, Contract Assets (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Contract with Customer, Asset, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance as of January 1, 2024	$ 0
Revenue recognized prior to billings	1,109
Billings	(854)
Balance as of September 30, 2024	$ 255

Basis of Presentation and Sig_6

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Contract with Customer, Contract Liabilities (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Contract with Customer, Liability [Roll Forward]
Balance as of January 1, 2024	$ 0
Billings	1,260
Revenue recognized	(1,020)
Balance as of September 30, 2024	$ 240

Basis of Presentation and Sig_7

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Potentially Dilute Loss Per Share (Details) - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total (in shares)	1,052,408	24,139
Series A preferred stock ("Series A")
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total (in shares)	0	21
Series B preferred stock ("Series B")
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total (in shares)	0	226
Series C preferred stock ("Series C")
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total (in shares)	0	62
Series F preferred stock ("Series F")
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total (in shares)	0	3,344
Series F-1 preferred stock ("Series F-1")
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total (in shares)	0	484
Series F-2 preferred stock ("Series F-2")
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total (in shares)	0	833
Warrants to purchase common stock (excluding penny warrants)
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total (in shares)	966,523	11,734
Warrants to purchase Series E preferred stock
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total (in shares)	5,000	5,000
Options to purchase common stock
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total (in shares)	4,045	1,052
Unvested restricted stock units
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total (in shares)	75,420	48
Commitment shares
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total (in shares)	1,420	1,335

Revenue (Details)

Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 8,037	$ 0	$ 13,367	$ 59
Remaining performance obligations	$ 3,100		$ 3,100
Expected timing of satisfaction, percentage	100%		100%
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-10-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Expected timing of satisfaction of obligation	12 months		12 months

Balance Sheet Components - Sche

Balance Sheet Components - Schedule of Prepaid and Other Current Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
License fees	$ 16	$ 158
Prepaid rent	11	277
Other	355	293
Total	$ 382	$ 728

Balance Sheet Components - Narr

Balance Sheet Components - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	May 10, 2024
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Depreciation expense	$ 200	$ 100	$ 500	$ 300
Amortization expense	100	100	$ 200	200
Weighted-average amortization period			5 years 9 months 14 days
Amortization of deferred debt issuance costs			$ 1,083	6,800
Senior Secured Promissory Note May 2024
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Interest rate per annum					5%
Receivable outstanding	200		200		$ 200
Line of credit
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Amortization of deferred debt issuance costs	$ 100	$ 100	$ 200	$ 100

Balance Sheet Components - Sc_2

Balance Sheet Components - Schedule of Property and equipment, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total	$ 6,760	$ 4,048
Less: accumulated depreciation	(1,444)	(919)
Property and equipment, net	5,316	3,129
Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total	4,914	3,155
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total	362	362
Vehicles
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total	700	395
Computers
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total	54	56
Furniture and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total	3	3
Construction-in-progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total	$ 727	$ 77

Balance Sheet Components - Sc_3

Balance Sheet Components - Schedule of Intangible assets, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Patents	$ 1,800	$ 1,800
Research license	375	375
Customer relationships	4	4
Total	2,179	2,179
Less: accumulated amortization	(966)	(797)
Intangible assets, net	$ 1,213	$ 1,382

Balance Sheet Components- Sched

Balance Sheet Components- Schedule of Estimated Amortization of Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
2024 (remaining)	$ 55
2025	220
2026	183
2027	180
2028	180
Thereafter	395
Intangible assets, net	$ 1,213	$ 1,382

Balance Sheet Components - Sc_4

Balance Sheet Components - Schedule of Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Payroll and related expenses	$ 109	$ 112
Bonus	0	1,000
Other expenses	808	82
Total	$ 917	$ 1,194

Balance Sheet Components - Sc_5

Balance Sheet Components - Schedule of Deferred Debt Issuance Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]
Total	$ 10,647	$ 10,647
Accumulated Amortization of Debt Issuance Costs, Line of Credit Arrangements	(10,424)	(9,341)
Deferred debt issuance costs	223	1,306
Standing letter of credit
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]
Total	150	150
Equity letter of credit
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]
Total	554	554
Line of credit
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]
Total	$ 9,943	$ 9,943

Debt - Narrative (Details)

Debt - Narrative (Details)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
Debt - Narrative (Details)	Aug. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	May 31, 2024 USD ($) agreement thirdParty	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Purchases of property and equipment			$ 2,123,000	$ 1,084,000
Proceeds from lines-of-credit			1,118,000	$ 0
Vehicles
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Purchases of property and equipment	$ 100,000
Secured Debt
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Notes payable			300,000			$ 300,000
Secured Debt \| Individually Immaterial Notes
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Notes payable			100,000			$ 100,000
Cemen Tech Capital, LLC \| Secured Debt
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest rate						8.75%
Ford Motor Credit \| Secured Debt
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest rate							6.96%
Notes payable	46,000		$ 31,000
Debt instrument, periodic payment	$ 1,345
Mobilization Funding II, LLC \| Line of credit
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest rate					57%
Maximum borrowing capacity					$ 600,000
Monthly interest rate					3%
Number of construction agreements \| agreement					2
Number of third parties \| thirdParty					2
Proceeds from lines-of-credit		$ 600,000

Debt - Schedule of Future Minim

Debt - Schedule of Future Minimum Principal Payments (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Notes Payable [Abstract]
2024 (remainder)	$ 67
2025	81
2026	76
2027	71
2028	65
Thereafter	78
Total	$ 438

Stockholders_ Equity - Narrativ

Stockholders’ Equity - Narrative (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands			3 Months Ended					6 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2024 USD ($) day	Jul. 20, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Mar. 31, 2024 shares	Sep. 30, 2023 shares	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023 shares	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares	Aug. 30, 2024	May 31, 2024 $ / shares
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, conversion price (in usd per share) \| $ / shares											$ 0.0462
Issuance of common stock upon the conversion of Series E preferred stock						$ 1
At-the-Market Offering
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Sale of stock, consideration received on transaction			$ 1,200					$ 600
Commissions and expenses			$ 37					$ 28
At-the-Market Offering \| Weighted Average
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Sale of stock, price per share (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares			$ 1.24					$ 19.11	$ 1.24
ELOC Purchase Agreement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Sale of stock, consideration received on transaction			$ 3,600					$ 10,700
Commissions and expenses			$ 100					$ 1,300
Aggregate amount of shares that can be issued	$ 100,000	$ 50,000
Percentage of outstanding stock that can be sold		4.99%
ELOC purchase agreement percentage		97%							97%
Number of shares issued \| shares			1,493,000					1,740,027
Amount available			$ 30,000						$ 30,000
Percentage of stock issuable										20%
Valuation period after purchase date (in days) \| day	2
ELOC Purchase Agreement \| Weighted Average
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Sale of stock, price per share (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares			$ 2.42					$ 6.93	$ 2.42
Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Net proceeds on sales (in shares) \| shares			980,294	32,163	3,887		1,412
Issuance of common stock upon the conversion of Series E preferred stock						$ 1
Common Stock \| Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Net proceeds on sales (in shares) \| shares			980,294					32,163
Series F preferred stock ("Series F") \| Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Debt instrument conversion floor price (in usd per share) \| $ / shares											$ 0.1478
Volume weighted average price											80%
Series F, F1 and F2 Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock upon the conversion of Series E preferred stock									$ 10

Stockholders_ Equity - Schedule

Stockholders’ Equity - Schedule of Number of Common Stock Issued upon the Conversion of the Senior Preferred Stock (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 shares
Preferred Stock Series A, B and C
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of Preferred Stock Shares Converted (in shares)	502,450
Number of Common Stock Issued Upon Conversion (in shares)	335,058
Series A Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of Preferred Stock Shares Converted (in shares)	251
Number of Common Stock Issued Upon Conversion (in shares)	36,220
Series B Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of Preferred Stock Shares Converted (in shares)	1,443
Number of Common Stock Issued Upon Conversion (in shares)	220,782
Series C Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of Preferred Stock Shares Converted (in shares)	500,756
Number of Common Stock Issued Upon Conversion (in shares)	78,056
Series F, F1 and F2 Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of Preferred Stock Shares Converted (in shares)	6,254
Series F, F1 and F2 Preferred Stock \| Number of Common Stock Shares Issued through Conversion
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of Common Stock Issued Upon Conversion (in shares)	902,281
Series F, F1 and F2 Preferred Stock \| Number of Common Stock Shares Issued for Deemed Dividend in Connection with Conversion
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of Common Stock Issued Upon Conversion (in shares)	49,789
Series F preferred stock ("Series F")
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of Preferred Stock Shares Converted (in shares)	4,448
Series F preferred stock ("Series F") \| Number of Common Stock Shares Issued through Conversion
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of Common Stock Issued Upon Conversion (in shares)	648,441
Series F preferred stock ("Series F") \| Number of Common Stock Shares Issued for Deemed Dividend in Connection with Conversion
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of Common Stock Issued Upon Conversion (in shares)	38,799
Series F-1 Preferred Shares
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of Preferred Stock Shares Converted (in shares)	653
Series F-1 Preferred Shares \| Number of Common Stock Shares Issued through Conversion
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of Common Stock Issued Upon Conversion (in shares)	113,576
Series F-1 Preferred Shares \| Number of Common Stock Shares Issued for Deemed Dividend in Connection with Conversion
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of Common Stock Issued Upon Conversion (in shares)	0
Series F-2 Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of Preferred Stock Shares Converted (in shares)	1,153
Series F-2 Preferred Stock \| Number of Common Stock Shares Issued through Conversion
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of Common Stock Issued Upon Conversion (in shares)	140,264
Series F-2 Preferred Stock \| Number of Common Stock Shares Issued for Deemed Dividend in Connection with Conversion
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of Common Stock Issued Upon Conversion (in shares)	10,990

Stock-Based Compensation - Narr

Stock-Based Compensation - Narrative (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands						1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 02, 2024 USD ($) shares	Sep. 02, 2024 ¥ / shares	May 09, 2024 shares	Dec. 16, 2020 shares	Mar. 02, 2016 shares	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) shares	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 22, 2022 shares
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation \| $							$ 2,153	$ 133	$ 4,577	$ 446
Unrecognized compensation cost \| $						$ 47	47		47
Stock-based compensation and employee inducement award \| $									$ 4,577	$ 446
Granted (in shares)									1,667
Stock Options
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation \| $							0		$ 16
Stock-based compensation weighted-average period									9 months 18 days
Restricted Stock
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation \| $							1,300		$ 3,700
Stock-based compensation weighted-average period									6 months
Granted (in shares)									857,478
Vested (in shares)									642,047
Granted (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares									$ 2.39
Stock-based compensation cost \| $						$ 300	300		$ 300
2016 Plan
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock available for issuance (in shares)					15,667
Expiration period					10 years
2020 Plan
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock available for issuance (in shares)				88,889
Expiration period				10 years
2024 Plan
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock available for issuance (in shares)			1,533,508
Expiration period			10 years
2022 Plan
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock available for issuance (in shares)											70,000
2024 Inducement Awards
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation \| $									$ 1,000
2024 Inducement Awards \| Restricted Stock
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation \| $							$ 700
Granted (in shares)	500,000						500,000
Vested (in shares)						500,000
Granted (in dollars per share) \| ¥ / shares		¥ 1.46
Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, equity instruments other than options, granted in period, fair value \| $	$ 700
2024 Inducement Awards \| Common Stock
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, shares issued in period (in shares)	200,000
Stock-based compensation (in shares)						500,000

Stock-Based Compensation - Sche

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Activity Under the Plans (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Shares Underlying Options
Beginning balance (in shares)	2,578
Granted (in shares)	1,667
Forfeited (in shares)	(200)
Ending balance (in shares)	4,045	2,578
Exercisable (in shares)	2,299
Weighted- Average Exercise Price
Beginning balance (in dollars per share)	$ 9,867.85
Granted (in dollars per share)	13.50
Forfeited (in dollars per share)	28.50
Ending balance (in dollars per share)	6,293.23	$ 9,867.85
Exercisable (in dollars per share)	$ 10,995.62
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Weighted average remaining contractual term (years), outstanding	8 years 1 month 6 days	8 years 1 month 6 days
Weighted average remaining contractual term (years), granted	9 years 10 months 24 days
Weighted average remaining contractual term (years), forfeited	9 years 2 months 12 days
Weighted average remaining contractual term (years), exercisable	7 years 2 months 12 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Aggregate intrinsic value, outstanding	$ 0	$ 0
Aggregate intrinsic value, exercisable	$ 0

Stock-Based Compensation - Sc_2

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Determining the Fair Value of Stock Options Granted (Details)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Dividend yield	0%	0%	0%	0%
Expected price volatility	0%	0%	95.70%	0%
Risk-free interest rate	0%	0%	4.90%	0%
Expected term (years)			9 months 18 days

Stock-Based Compensation - Sc_3

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Stock-Based Compensation Expense Recognized (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	$ 2,153	$ 133	$ 4,577	$ 446
Research and development expenses
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	15	46	67	150
General and Administrative Expense
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	$ 2,138	$ 87	$ 4,510	$ 296

Stock-Based Compensation - Sc_4

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Restricted Stock Activity (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 02, 2024 ¥ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2024 $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Total stock-based compensation \| $			$ 2,153	$ 133	$ 4,577	$ 446
2024 Inducement Awards
Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Total stock-based compensation \| $					$ 1,000
Restricted Stock
Number of Shares
Beginning balance (in shares)					11,334
Granted (in shares)					857,478
Vested (in shares)					(642,047)
Cancelled (in shares)					(151,345)
Ending balance (in shares)		75,420	75,420		75,420
Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Beginning balance (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares					$ 37.74
Granted (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares					2.39
Vested (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares					1.84
Cancelled (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares					4.46
Ending balance (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 17.13	$ 17.13		$ 17.13
Total stock-based compensation \| $			$ 1,300		$ 3,700
Restricted Stock \| 2024 Inducement Awards
Number of Shares
Granted (in shares)	500,000		500,000
Vested (in shares)		(500,000)
Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Granted (in dollars per share) \| ¥ / shares	¥ 1.46
Total stock-based compensation \| $			$ 700

Warrants - Schedule of Warrants

Warrants - Schedule of Warrants (Details)	Sep. 30, 2024 $ / shares shares
Between June 2020 To November 2020
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant outstanding (in Shares) \| shares	218
Between June 2020 To November 2020 \| Minimum
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 10,044
Between June 2020 To November 2020 \| Maximum
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 41,850
Between January 2021 To December 2021
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant outstanding (in Shares) \| shares	147
Between January 2021 To December 2021 \| Minimum
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 3,510
Between January 2021 To December 2021 \| Maximum
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 50,625
Between March 2022 To October 2022
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant outstanding (in Shares) \| shares	1,843
Between March 2022 To October 2022 \| Minimum
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 2,880
Between March 2022 To October 2022 \| Maximum
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 18,000
January 2023
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant outstanding (in Shares) \| shares	282
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 2,898
February 2023
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant outstanding (in Shares) \| shares	1,372
February 2023 \| Minimum
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 2,880
February 2023 \| Maximum
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 4,500
June 2023
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant outstanding (in Shares) \| shares	7,446
June 2023 \| Minimum
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 1,330
June 2023 \| Maximum
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 1,384
March 2024
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant outstanding (in Shares) \| shares	5,001
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 14
July 2024
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant outstanding (in Shares) \| shares	350,000
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 2.65
August 2024
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant outstanding (in Shares) \| shares	600,000
August 2024 \| Minimum
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 1.90
August 2024 \| Maximum
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 2.02

Warrants - Narrative (Details)

Warrants - Narrative (Details) - 2024 Warrant Exchange $ in Millions		3 Months Ended
	Sep. 18, 2024 agreement investor shares	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Number of warrant exchange agreement \| agreement	2
Number of investor warrant \| investor	2
Warrant exchanged (in shares)	366
Debt conversion, converted instrument, warrants or options issed (in shares)	50,000
Warrants modification expense \| $		$ 0.1

Leases - Narrative (Details)

Leases - Narrative (Details)	3 Months Ended
Leases - Narrative (Details)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2021 ft²
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Right-of-use assets	$ 1,720,000		$ 1,701,000
Operating lease liabilities	1,769,000
Hudson 11601 Wilshire, LLC
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Net rentable area (in sq ft) \| ft²				3,500
Lessee, operating lease, term of contract				39 months
Right-of-use assets		$ 600,000
Operating lease liabilities		$ 600,000
12627 S 182nd Pl, Gilbert, Arizona
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Operating lease income	$ 7,900,000

Leases - Schedule of Lease Expe

Leases - Schedule of Lease Expense (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Leases - Schedule of Lease Expense (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease costs	$ 214,000	$ 108,000	$ 696,000	$ 439,000
Variable lease costs	0	25,000	20,000	74,000
Short-term lease costs - equipment	1,282,000	0	2,263,000	0
Operating lease expense	$ 1,496,000	$ 133,000	$ 2,979,000	$ 513,000

Leases - Schedule of Supplement

Leases - Schedule of Supplemental Cash Flow Information Related to Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Operating cash flows - operating leases	$ 694	$ 513
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities	$ 560	$ 0

Leases - Schedule of Present Va

Leases - Schedule of Present Value of Lease Payments (Details)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases (in years)	2 years 8 months 12 days	1 year 8 months 12 days
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases	12%	12%

Leases - Schedule of Future Min

Leases - Schedule of Future Minimum Payments (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
2024 (remaining)	$ 218
2025	774
2026	680
2027	410
Total	2,082
Less present value discount	(313)
Operating lease liabilities	$ 1,769

Commitments and Contingencies (

Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	May 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Proceeds from lines-of-credit		$ 1,118	$ 0
Mobilization Note
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Proceeds from lines-of-credit	$ 600

Segment Reporting- Narrative (D

Segment Reporting- Narrative (Details)	9 Months Ended
Segment Reporting- Narrative (Details)	Sep. 30, 2024 segment
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of operating segments	4
Number of reportable segments	4

Segment Reporting - Schedule of

Segment Reporting - Schedule of Operations by Reportable Segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total Revenue	$ 8,037	$ 0	$ 13,367	$ 59
Smart Windows
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total Revenue	0	0	0	0
Fiber Optics
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total Revenue	4,969	0	10,299	59
Slant Wells
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total Revenue	2,836	0	2,836	0
Element 82
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total Revenue	$ 232	$ 0	$ 232	$ 0

Segment Reporting - Schedule _2

Segment Reporting - Schedule of Operations by Reportable Segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 8,037			$ 0			$ 13,367	$ 59
Cost of revenue	6,623			0			12,442	54
Gross Profit	1,414			0			925	5
Research and development	720			492			1,945	1,523
General and administrative	6,507			2,941			13,405	10,926
Operating expenses	7,227			3,433			15,350	12,449
Loss from operations	(5,813)			(3,433)			(14,425)	(12,444)
Interest income (expense)	0			(2,445)			(1,001)	(6,970)
Loss on extinguishment of warrant liability	0			0			0	(504)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	0			0			0	(2,345)
Gain on issuance of convertible notes	0			0			0	64
Change in fair value of warrants	0			2,688			0	10,424	$ (500)
Change in fair value of notes	0			(40)			0	(7,040)
Change in fair value of derivative liability	0			401			0	401
Other expense, net	(51)			(30)			(79)	(1,264)
Total other income (expense), net	(51)			574			(1,080)	(7,234)
Net loss	(5,864)	$ (5,029)	$ (4,612)	(2,859)	$ (14,519)	$ (2,300)	(15,505)	(19,678)
Smart Windows
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	0			0			0	0
Fiber Optics
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	4,969			0			10,299	59
Slant Wells
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	2,836			0			2,836	0
Element 82
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	232			0			232	0
Operating Segments \| Smart Windows
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	0			0			0	0
Cost of revenue	0			0			0	0
Gross Profit	0			0			0	0
Research and development	720			492			1,945	1,523
General and administrative	0			0			0	0
Operating expenses	720			492			1,945	1,523
Loss from operations	(720)			(492)			(1,945)	(1,523)
Interest income (expense)	0			0			0	0
Loss on extinguishment of warrant liability								0
Loss on extinguishment of debt								0
Gain on issuance of convertible notes								0
Change in fair value of warrants				0				0
Change in fair value of notes				0				0
Change in fair value of derivative liability				0				0
Other expense, net	0			0			0	0
Total other income (expense), net	0			0			0	0
Net loss	(720)			(492)			(1,945)	(1,523)
Operating Segments \| Fiber Optics
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	4,969			0			10,299	59
Cost of revenue	5,411			0			11,213	54
Gross Profit	(442)			0			(914)	5
Research and development	0			0			0	0
General and administrative	1,107			471			1,815	3,381
Operating expenses	1,107			471			1,815	3,381
Loss from operations	(1,549)			(471)			(2,729)	(3,376)
Interest income (expense)	(5)			(1)			(168)	(10)
Loss on extinguishment of warrant liability								0
Loss on extinguishment of debt								0
Gain on issuance of convertible notes								0
Change in fair value of warrants				0				0
Change in fair value of notes				0				0
Change in fair value of derivative liability				0				0
Other expense, net	8			0			8	0
Total other income (expense), net	3			(1)			(160)	(10)
Net loss	(1,546)			(472)			(2,889)	(3,386)
Operating Segments \| Slant Wells
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	2,836			0			2,836	0
Cost of revenue	1,117			0			1,135	0
Gross Profit	1,719			0			1,701	0
Research and development	0			0			0	0
General and administrative	1			0			5	0
Operating expenses	1			0			5	0
Loss from operations	1,718			0			1,696	0
Interest income (expense)	0			0			(4)	0
Loss on extinguishment of warrant liability								0
Loss on extinguishment of debt								0
Gain on issuance of convertible notes								0
Change in fair value of warrants				0				0
Change in fair value of notes				0				0
Change in fair value of derivative liability				0				0
Other expense, net	0			0			0	0
Total other income (expense), net	0			0			(4)	0
Net loss	1,718			0			1,692	0
Operating Segments \| Element 82
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	232			0			232	0
Cost of revenue	95			0			94	0
Gross Profit	137			0			138	0
Research and development	0			0			0	0
General and administrative	140			0			140	0
Operating expenses	140			0			140	0
Loss from operations	(3)			0			(2)	0
Interest income (expense)	(1)			0			(1)	0
Loss on extinguishment of warrant liability								0
Loss on extinguishment of debt								0
Gain on issuance of convertible notes								0
Change in fair value of warrants				0				0
Change in fair value of notes				0				0
Change in fair value of derivative liability				0				0
Other expense, net	0			0			0	0
Total other income (expense), net	(1)			0			(1)	0
Net loss	(4)			0			(3)	0
Corporate and Other
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenue	0			0			0	0
Cost of revenue	0			0			0	0
Gross Profit	0			0			0	0
Research and development	0			0			0	0
General and administrative	5,259			2,470			11,445	7,545
Operating expenses	5,259			2,470			11,445	7,545
Loss from operations	(5,259)			(2,470)			(11,445)	(7,545)
Interest income (expense)	6			(2,444)			(828)	(6,960)
Loss on extinguishment of warrant liability								(504)
Loss on extinguishment of debt								(2,345)
Gain on issuance of convertible notes								64
Change in fair value of warrants				2,688				10,424
Change in fair value of notes				(40)				(7,040)
Change in fair value of derivative liability				401				401
Other expense, net	(59)			(30)			(87)	(1,264)
Total other income (expense), net	(53)			575			(915)	(7,224)
Net loss	$ (5,312)			$ (1,895)			$ (12,360)	$ (14,769)

Segment Reporting - Schedule _3

Segment Reporting - Schedule of Long Lived Assets by Segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Smart Windows
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	$ 2,110	$ 2,490
Fiber Optics
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	2,632	2,021
Slant Wells
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	802	0
Element 82
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	$ 985	$ 0

Subsequent Events (Details)

Subsequent Events (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		1 Months Ended		3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended	9 Months Ended		31 Months Ended
	Oct. 15, 2024	Nov. 14, 2024	Oct. 28, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Oct. 15, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Proceeds after commission,fees and other cost						$ 1,771	$ 3,787
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)				800,000,000		800,000,000			800,000,000
ELOC Purchase Agreement
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Commissions and expenses				$ 100	$ 1,300
Sale of stock, consideration received on transaction				$ 3,600	$ 10,700
ELOC Purchase Agreement \| Weighted Average
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Sale of stock, price per share (in dollars per share)				$ 2.42	$ 6.93	$ 2.42
Subsequent Event \| ATM Sales Agreement
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Net proceeds on sales (in shares)		1,463,800
Proceeds after commission,fees and other cost		$ 1,900
Commissions and expenses		56
Sale of stock, consideration received on transaction		$ 1,800						$ 13,000
Aggregate amount of offering	$ 63,000							$ 63,000
Common stock authorized for issuance	$ 50,000
Subsequent Event \| ATM Sales Agreement \| Weighted Average
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Sale of stock, price per share (in dollars per share)		$ 1.28
Subsequent Event \| ELOC Purchase Agreement
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Net proceeds on sales (in shares)			1,187,971
Proceeds after commission,fees and other cost			$ 1,000
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	20,000,000							20,000,000
Payments of stock offering costs			$ 32
Subsequent Event \| ELOC Purchase Agreement \| Weighted Average
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Sale of stock, price per share (in dollars per share)			$ 0.91