BTRS (BTRS) 10-Q2021 Q3 Quarterly report

In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, unless otherwise stated or as the context otherwise requires, references to “the Company”, “we”, “us”, "our”, "it", and similar references refer to BTRS Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q also contains registered marks, trademarks, and trade names of other companies, all of which are the property of their respective holders. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trade names, trademarks, or service marks to imply a relationship with, endorsement, or sponsorship of us by these other companies.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements about us and our industry that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including statements regarding our future financial condition, business strategy and plans, and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “believe”, “may”, “could”, “will”, “estimate”, “continue”, “anticipate”, “intend”, “seek”, “plan”, “expect”, “should”, “would”, “potentially”, or the negative of these terms or similar expressions.

The Company has based these forward-looking statements largely on its current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends it believes may affect its financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, including risks described in the section titled "Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors" contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 (the "Annual Report on Form 10-K"), as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") on March 24, 2021, and the section titled "Risk Factors" contained in both the Company's Amendment No. 1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K (the "Amendment on Form 8-K"), as filed with the SEC on March 24, 2021, and the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended (File No. 333-257488), originally filed with the SEC on June 28, 2021 (the "Registration Statement on Form S-1"), including, among other things, risks associated with:

These risks are not exhaustive. Additional factors could harm our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact

BTRS Holdings Inc., formerly known as Factor Systems, Inc. ("Legacy Billtrust"), utilizing the trade name Billtrust (the "Company” or “Billtrust”), was incorporated on September 4, 2001 in the State of Delaware and maintains its headquarters in Lawrenceville, New Jersey, with additional offices or print facilities in Colorado, Illinois, and California.

The Company provides a comprehensive suite of order-to-cash software as a service ("SaaS") solutions with integrated payments, including credit and collections, invoice presentment, and cash application services to its customers, primarily based in North America, but with global operations. In addition, Billtrust founded the Business Payments Network ("BPN") in its strategic relationship with VISA, which combines remittance data with business-to-business ("B2B") payments and facilitates straight-through payment processing. Billtrust serves businesses across both business-to-business and business-to-consumer segments. Billtrust integrates the key areas of the order-to-cash process: credit decisioning, e-commerce solutions, bill presentment, bill payment, cash application, and collections workflow management, helping its clients connect with their customers and cash.

On October 18, 2020, as amended on December 13, 2020, South Mountain Merger Corp., a Delaware corporation (“South Mountain”), BT Merger Sub I, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of South Mountain (“First Merger Sub”), BT Merger Sub II, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of South Mountain (“Second Merger Sub”), and the Company ("Billtrust"), entered into a Business Combination Agreement (“BCA”), pursuant to which (i) First Merger Sub was merged with and into Billtrust (the “First Merger”), with Billtrust surviving the First Merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of South Mountain (“Surviving Corporation”), and (ii) the Surviving Corporation merged with and into Second Merger Sub (the “Second Merger”, and together with the First Merger, the “Mergers”), with Second Merger Sub surviving the Second Merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of South Mountain (such Mergers, collectively with the other transactions described in the BCA, the “Business Combination”).

In connection with the execution of the Business Combination, on October 18, 2020, South Mountain entered into separate subscription agreements (“Subscription Agreements”) with a number of investors (“PIPE Investors”), pursuant to which the PIPE Investors agreed to purchase, and South Mountain sold to the PIPE Investors, an aggregate of 20,000,000 shares of South Mountain Class A common stock, for a purchase price of $10.00 per share and at an aggregate purchase price of $200.0 million, in a private placement (“PIPE Financing”).

The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") regarding interim financial reporting on Form 10-Q. Accordingly, certain information and disclosures required for complete financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. These Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and notes should be read in

Except as noted in the section titled "Retroactive Adjustments Related to Reverse Recapitalization", the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for periods ended prior to January 12, 2021 reflect Legacy Billtrust, which was a single entity, and its capital structure prior to the Business Combination, and do not reflect New Billtrust or South Mountain.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contain all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of financial position, results of operations, comprehensive loss, and cash flows as of the dates and for the interim periods presented. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 may not be indicative of the results for the full fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 or any other period. The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2020 included herein was derived from the audited financial statements as of that date, but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP on an annual reporting basis.

The Company's fiscal year is the twelve-month period from January 1 through December 31. Unless otherwise indicated, all references to a "year" mean the Company's fiscal year.

These revisions did not have a material impact on the Company's cash flows from financing activities and had no impact on the Company's previously reported statements of operations and comprehensive loss or balance sheets, including the reported amounts of cash and cash equivalents, customer funds, and customer funds payable. Consistent with historical presentation, the Company will continue to present customer funds and customer funds payable as separate line items in its Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Prior period amounts have been revised to conform to the current period presentation and future filings will include the revised presentation.

The following tables present the effect of the change in presentation to the previously reported line items in the statements of cash flows for each period indicated:

During the second quarter of 2021, the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets were updated to remove restricted cash as a standalone line item and combine it with other current assets or other assets. Prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation, which resulted in approximately $3.3 million of restricted cash being reclassified into other current assets for the year ended December 31, 2020. The reclassification had no impact on the amount of total current assets or total assets previously reported.

In March 2020, the United States declared a State of National Emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Since then, the Company has continued to operate despite the disruption to many of our customer's operations. The pandemic has served to increase awareness and urgency around accelerating the digital transformation of accounts receivable through the Company's products and platforms. While this helped avoid significant business, bookings, or revenue disruptions thus far, during the second quarter of 2020, the pandemic did cause a decrease in the Company's transaction fee revenues for certain customers. This was a result of the pandemic's broader economic impact on some companies in heavily transaction-based industries and the related slowing of their business activity. These revenues rebounded in the second half of 2020 and into early 2021.

The Company is unable to predict the full impact the COVID-19 pandemic will have on its future results of operations, liquidity, and financial condition due to numerous uncertainties, including the duration, severity, and spread of the virus, actions that may be taken by government authorities, the impact to our customers, employees, and suppliers, and various other factors beyond our knowledge or control. The pandemic has caused the Company to modify its business practices, such as employee travel restrictions, cancellation of physical participation in meetings, events, and conferences, and requiring employees to work remotely. The Company may take further actions as may be required by government authorities or that its determines are in the best interests of its employees and customers. The Company has previously implemented certain cost savings measures, some of which have ended, such as reducing employee incentive compensation programs, and others which are continuing, such as restricted travel and reduced discretionary spend in certain areas. The Company will continue to monitor the situation and adjust its response accordingly.

On March 27, 2020, Congress enacted the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security ("CARES") Act. The CARES Act, among other things, included provisions relating to refundable payroll tax credits, deferment of employer side social security payments, net operating loss carryback periods, alternative minimum tax credit refunds, modifications to the net interest deduction limitations, increased limitations on qualified charitable contributions, technical corrections to tax depreciation methods for qualified improvement property, and appropriation of funds for the SBA Paycheck Protection Program. The Company, through its payroll provider, elected to defer employer side social security payments effective as of April 2020 through December 2020. The total amount deferred of approximately $2.3 million is included in accrued expenses and other in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of both September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. The Company will pay half of this amount by the end of 2021 and expects to pay the remainder in or before the second half of 2022.

Billtrust currently qualifies as an emerging growth company (“EGC”), under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (“JOBS Act”), which allows the Company to delay adoption of new or revised accounting pronouncements until such pronouncements are applicable to private companies. The Company has elected to use the extended transition period under the JOBS Act until such time that the Company is not considered to be an EGC. Based on the closing share price and the market value of the Company's common stock held by non-affiliates as of June 30, 2021, the Company will be deemed a large accelerated filer as of December 31, 2021. As a result, beginning with the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2021, the Company will not be able to rely on the extended transition period noted above and will be required to adopt all new accounting pronouncements within the same time periods as public companies. The effect of the loss of ECG status and impact on the adoption of new accounting pronouncements is discussed further below.

The preparation of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of assets and liabilities reported, disclosure about contingent liabilities, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Such estimates include, but are not limited to, revenue recognition, recoverability of deferred tax assets, valuation of acquired assets and liabilities, ongoing impairment reviews of goodwill, intangible assets, and other long-lived assets, contingent consideration, and stock-based compensation. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience, known trends, market specific information, or other relevant factors it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates and changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Except as otherwise noted, the financial statements and related disclosures included herein have not been adjusted.

The Company maintains its deposits of cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, restricted cash, and customer funds with high-credit quality financial institutions and the amounts of these balances may exceed federally insured limits. The Company’s accounts receivable are reported in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets net of allowances for uncollectible accounts. The Company believes that the concentration of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is limited due to the large number of companies and diverse industries comprising its customer base. Ongoing credit evaluations are performed, generally with a focus on new customers or customers with whom the Company has no prior collections history, and collateral is generally not required. The Company maintains reserves for potential losses based on customer specific situations as well as on historic experience and such losses, in the aggregate, have not exceeded management’s expectations. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 the allowances for uncollectible accounts were $0.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, no individual customer accounted for 10% or greater of total revenues. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, no individual customer had a balance of 10% or greater of accounts receivable.

The two permitted transition methods under the standard are both modified retrospective methods. Under the first method, the standard is applied to all leases that existed at, or subsequently commenced after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with a cumulative effect adjustment recorded at the beginning of the earliest comparative period for all leases that commenced prior to such date. Under the second method, comparative periods are not adjusted and the cumulative effect of

The Company expects the standard to have a material impact on its balance sheet as substantially all operating leases greater than 12 months will be recorded as a ROU asset and lease liability. Adoption of the standard will result in an approximate increase of $25.0 million to $33.0 million in total assets and $33.0 million to $40.0 million in total liabilities on January 1, 2021. Adoption will also require that changes in ROU assets and lease liabilities be included in the statements of cash flows. The Company does not expect the standard to have a material impact on its results of operations or liquidity.

Several practical expedients are permitted under Topic 842. The Company expects to elect the package of expedients, including the related disclosure requirements, that permits the use of historical lease classification and accounting under the previous guidance for all leases that expired or existed as of the adoption date. The Company anticipates it will elect to exempt all leases with an original term of 12 months or less from recognition of ROU assets and lease liabilities, and will elect not to separate lease and non-lease components within its leases.

On January 12, 2021, Billtrust consummated the previously announced Business Combination pursuant to the Agreement dated October 18, 2020 and amended as of December 13, 2020. As a result of the Agreement, Billtrust stockholders received aggregate consideration with a value equal to approximately $1,190.0 million, which consists of:

As of the completion of the Business Combination, accounted for as a reverse recapitalization, on January 12, 2021, the merged companies, BTRS Holdings Inc. and subsidiaries, had the following outstanding securities:

Immediately prior to the Closing, each issued and outstanding share of Legacy Billtrust preferred stock converted into equal shares of Legacy Billtrust common stock. At the closing of the Business Combination, each stockholder of Legacy Billtrust received 7.2282662 shares of the Company’s Class 1 common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Common Stock”), for each share of Legacy Billtrust common stock, par value $0.001 per share, that such stockholder owned, except for one investor who requested to receive shares of Class 2 common stock, which is the same in all respects as Class 1 common stock except it does not have voting rights.

Upon the closing of the Business Combination, the Company’s certificate of incorporation was amended and restated to, among other things, increase the total number of authorized shares of capital stock to 575,000,000 shares, of which 538,000,000 shares were designated Class 1 common stock, $0.0001 par value per share; 27,000,000 shares were designated Class 2 common stock, $0.0001 par value per share; and 10,000,000 shares were designated preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share.

Concurrently with the completion of the Business Combination, on the Closing Date 20,000,000 new shares of Common Stock were issued (such purchases, the “PIPE”) for an aggregate purchase price of $200.0 million.

The following table reconciles the elements of the Business Combination, accounted for as a reverse recapitalization, to the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (in thousands):

The number of shares of Class 1 and Class 2 common stock of BTRS Holdings Inc. issued immediately following the consummation of the Business Combination, accounted for as a reverse recapitalization, is summarized as follows (in thousands):

Following the closing of the Merger, holders of Billtrust common stock (including all redeemable preferred shareholders whose shares were converted into common stock at the closing of the Merger) and holders of stock options and restricted stock pursuant to the 2003 Plan and the 2014 Plan (as defined in the Business Combination Agreement) had the contingent right to receive, in the aggregate, up to 12,000,000 shares of Class 1 common stock if, from the closing of the Merger until the fifth anniversary thereof, the average closing price of BTRS Holdings Inc. Common Stock exceeds certain thresholds. The first issuance of 6,000,000 earnout shares is based on the volume-weighted average price of Common Stock exceeding $12.50 for any 20 trading days within any 30 trading day period (the “First Earnout”). The second issuance of 6,000,000 earnout shares is based on the volume weighted average price of Common Stock exceeding $15.00 for any 20 trading days within any 30 trading day period (the “Second Earnout” and together with the First Earnout, the "Earnout Shares").

Subsequent to the closing of the Merger and in the first quarter of 2021, 10,917,736 shares of Class 1 and Class 2 common stock were issued associated with attainment of the First Earnout and the Second Earnout thresholds.

The difference in the Earnout Shares issued and the aggregate amounts defined in the Merger Agreement is primarily due to 836,208 unissued shares reserved for future issuance to holders of unvested options in the form of restricted stock units (the "Earnout RSUs"), which are subject to the same vesting terms and conditions as the underlying unvested stock options, and are not replacement awards. Additionally, 246,056 shares of common stock were withheld from employees to satisfy the mandatory tax withholding requirements, for which the company remitted cash of $4.0 million to the appropriate tax authorities.

As of the Closing date, the prior holders of South Mountain stock agreed that of their existing issued and outstanding shares of Class 1 common stock, 2,375,000 shares would be subject to vesting conditions based upon the same price milestones in the First Earnout (1,187,500 shares) and Second Earnout (1,187,500 shares) as discussed above ("Sponsor Vesting Shares").

The Company determined that the Earnout Shares issued to non-employee shareholders and to holders of BTRS Holdings Inc. common stock, vested options from the 2003 Plan and 2014 Plan, and the Sponsor Vesting Shares do not meet the criteria for equity classification under Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 815-40. Accordingly, these shares are required to be classified as a liability and recorded at their fair values, with the remeasurement of their fair values at each reporting period recorded in earnings. Upon closing of the Business Combination, the fair value of the shares was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation (using the same assumptions as Earnout RSUs discussed below), resulting in a fair value of $16.80 per share. The shares were remeasured at their fair values through the dates the First Earnout and Second Earnout were achieved in the first quarter of 2021. The liability associated with the Earnout Shares delivered to the equity holders and the Vesting Shares that vested upon achievement of the First Earnout and Second Earnout during the first quarter of 2021 were then reclassified to equity as shares issued, with the appropriate allocation to common stock at par value and additional paid-in capital.

The following table is a reconciliation of the liability balance at the Closing Date and the changes therein for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (in thousands):

Earnout RSUs issued based on the amount of the unvested options are recognized in earnings as stock-based compensation expense under ASC 718. The fair value of the Earnout RSUs was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation, including the stock price on the Closing Date of $16.80, a risk free rate of 0.5%, and a volatility rate of 42%.

In accordance with ASC 340-10-S99-1, offering costs, consisting principally of underwriters fees and professional, printing, filing, regulatory, and other costs, were charged to additional paid-in capital upon completion of the Business Combination. As of December 31, 2020, of $2.8 million of these costs were accrued and deferred in other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of acquired businesses over the estimated fair values of the tangible and identifiable intangible net assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized; however, it is required to be tested for impairment annually, which requires assessment of the potential impairment at the reporting unit level. Testing for impairment is also required on an interim basis if an event or circumstance indicates it is more likely than not an impairment loss has been incurred.

The Company performed its annual impairment testing as of October 1, 2020 utilizing a qualitative assessment to determine if it was more likely than not that the fair values of each of its reporting units was less than their respective carrying values and concluded that no impairment existed. Subsequent to completing the annual test and through September 30, 2021, there were no events or circumstances that required an interim impairment test. Additionally, as of September 30, 2021, the Company had no accumulated goodwill impairment losses.

All of the Company's goodwill is attributable to its Software and Payments segment. There were no changes to the carrying amount of goodwill during the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

The gross carrying values, accumulated amortization, and net carrying values (reduced for fully amortized intangibles) of finite-lived intangible assets as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are as follows (in thousands):

Amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets was $0.4 million and $0.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $1.5 million and $1.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Estimated amortization expense for each of the next five years and thereafter is as follows (in thousands):

The Company disaggregates revenue as set forth in the following table (in thousands):

Accounts receivable includes amounts billed and currently due from customers. The Company’s payment terms and conditions vary by contract type and generally require payment of 25% to 100% of total contract consideration upon signing. Also included in accounts receivable are unbilled amounts resulting from revenue exceeding the amount billed to the customer, where the right to payment is unconditional. If the right to payment for services performed was conditional on something other than the passage of time, the unbilled amount would be recorded as a separate contract asset. There were no contract assets as of September 30, 2021 or December 31, 2020.

In addition, since payment is generally expected within one year from the transfer of products and services, the Company does not adjust its receivables or transaction prices for the effects of a significant financing component.

The amount of revenue recognized in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 included $2.5 million in the first quarter of 2021 related to the acceleration of previously paid and deferred revenue from a customer that terminated its contract in the first quarter of 2021.

As of September 30, 2021, the Company had approximately $34.3 million of remaining performance obligations, primarily from multi-year contracts for the Company's services, which includes both the deferred revenue balance and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. The Company expects to recognize revenue for approximately 91% of this amount during the next 36 months, and the remainder thereafter.

To determine the amount of remaining performance obligations, the Company applies the practical expedient which allows for the exclusion of (1) amounts from contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less, and (2) variable consideration allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations for which variable consideration is allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation, or to a wholly unsatisfied promise to transfer a distinct good or service, that forms part of a single performance obligation.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company capitalized commission costs of $2.7 million and amortized $2.3 million to sales and marketing expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss, in addition to commissions which were expensed as incurred related to the achievement of quotas or other sales performance targets. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 the Company had approximately $2.7 million and $2.4 million, respectively, of current deferred commissions for amounts expected to be recognized in the next 12 months, and $5.4 million and $5.2 million, respectively, of non-current deferred commissions for amounts expected to be recognized thereafter.

The Company evaluates the recoverability of deferred commissions at each balance sheet date and there were no impairments recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 or 2020.

The Company's basic and diluted earnings per share are computed using the two-class method in accordance with ASC 260. The two-class method is an earnings allocation that determines net income (loss) per share for each class of common stock. Per share amounts are calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, without consideration for potentially dilutive securities as they do not share in losses. During periods when the Company is in a net loss position, basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same as diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders as the effects of potentially dilutive securities are antidilutive given the net loss of the Company.

The following table sets forth the computation of the basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to the Class 1 and Class 2 common stockholders (in thousands, except per share amounts):

Since the Company was in a loss position for all periods presented, basic net loss per share is the same as diluted net loss per share as the inclusion of all potential common shares outstanding would have been anti-dilutive. Potentially dilutive securities that were not included in the diluted per share calculations because they would be antidilutive, were as follows as of the dates presented based on the underlying shares and not considering all factors that would be involved in determining the common stock equivalents (in thousands):

Once the Public Warrants become exercisable, the Company may redeem them as follows:

The Company determined the Public Warrants meet the definition of a derivative pursuant to ASC 815 as they are indexed to the Company’s common stock pursuant to ASC 815-40-15-7 and meet all other criteria for equity classification pursuant to ASC 815-40. Therefore as of the Closing Date, the Public Warrants were accounted for within stockholders' equity as a component of additional paid-in capital in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As part of this assessment, it was concluded only events that would constitute a fundamental change of ownership could require the Company to settle the warrants for cash.

Each share of Class 1 common stock has the right to 1 vote. The holders of the common stock are also entitled to receive dividends whenever funds are legally available and if/when declared by the Board of Directors. No dividends have been declared or paid since inception. Each share of Class 2 common stock is the same in all respects as Class 1 common stock, except it does not have voting rights.

As of September 30, 2021, the Board of Directors had authorized 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001, of which no shares were issued and outstanding.

In connection with adopting the 2020 Plan and 2020 ESPP, the 2003 Stock Incentive Plan and the 2014 Incentive Compensation Plan (together, the "Prior Plans") were frozen and no further grants can be made pursuant to the Prior Plans. All outstanding options under the Prior Plans were converted to options of the Company using the Conversion Rate applied to the number of options and original exercise price. The converted options continue to vest based upon their original terms.

Stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 is presented below (in thousands, except per share and contractual life amounts):

Restricted stock units ("RSUs") represent the right to receive one share of Billtrust common stock upon meeting the vesting conditions. Shares are delivered to the grantee upon vesting, less shares for the payment of withholding taxes. The fair value of RSUs is determined based on the closing price of the common stock on the grant date.

Restricted stock unit activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 is presented below (in thousands, except per share amounts):

Under the terms of the 2020 ESPP, on May 26, 2021, the Board of Directors approved the Company's ESPP offering program. With certain limitations, all Billtrust employees whose customary employment is more than 20 hours per week are eligible to participate in the ESPP.

The initial offering period, which consists of 1 purchase period, commenced on July 1, 2021 and will run through November 30, 2021. Thereafter, each offering period will run for approximately six months, consisting of a single six month purchase period commencing on each successive June 1 and December 1. At the end of each purchase period, employee payroll contributions are used to purchase shares of the Company's common stock. Employees can elect to have up to 15% of their eligible compensation withheld for the purpose of purchasing shares under the ESPP. During an offering period, employees may decrease their contributions to, or withdraw from, the ESPP by the 20th day of the month in which the purchase period ends, and receive a refund of their accumulated payroll contributions.

During each purchase period, the maximum number of shares of common stock that may be purchased by an employee is limited to the number of shares equal to $12,500 divided by the common stock closing price on the first day of a purchase period. The number of shares purchased on any single date, by any one employee, cannot exceed 5,000 shares. The purchase price for each share of common stock purchased is the lower of: (1) 85% of the closing price of the common stock on the first day of the purchase period, or (2) 85% of the closing price of the common stock on the last day of the purchase period.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, no shares were purchased or issued pursuant to the 2020 ESPP.

The Company records stock-based compensation expense related to all of the Company’s stock-based awards over the requisite service period of the individual grantee, which is generally equal to the vesting period. Stock-based compensation expense was recorded in the following categories in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (in thousands):

The fair value of stock options granted was estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes valuation model with the following assumptions:

As of September 30, 2021, the total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to stock options was $36.5 million. These costs are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.9 years.

As of September 30, 2021, the total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs was $9.0 million. These costs are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.3 years.

The Company sponsors a 401(k) defined contribution benefit plan. Participation in the plan is available to substantially all employees. Company contributions to the plan are discretionary and are subject to vesting requirements based on four years of continuing employment. The Company generally makes matching contributions of one-half of the first 6% of employee contributions. During the three months ended September 30, 2021, the Company contributed $0.4 million. The Company did not make a material contribution during the three months ended September 30, 2020. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 the Company contributed $1.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively.

The majority of the Company's leases are operating leases for its office space and print facilities.

In August 2017, the Company entered into a lease agreement for its Company headquarters consisting of 88,759 square feet of office space in Lawrenceville, New Jersey. The term of this lease is 15 years, 6 months subject to early termination if (1) there is not sufficient space for expansion beyond the initial space, starting 6 years, 6 months after lease commencement, which will require an early termination payment that declines from $7.5 million at such date by $0.7 million per year after such date, or (2) upon advance notice by the Company, at 12 years, 6 months after lease commencement, which will require an early termination payment of $3.6 million. The lease contains an option to lease up to 61,000 additional square feet, starting 6 years, 6 months after lease commencement, and also contains 2 extension periods of 5 years each. The lease commenced in June 2018 and the Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the initial term of the lease, including the free rent period.

The Company has capitalized approximately $5.7 million of costs related to leasehold improvements, furniture and fixtures, and computer equipment associated with this office space. Additionally, in 2018 the landlord paid for approximately $5.8 million of costs and related improvements to modify the existing space to meet the Company's requirements. This lease incentive was recorded as an asset and other long term liability as of the date the lease commenced. The asset is being amortized over term of the lease, and the long term liability is being recorded as a reduction to rent expense over the same period of time.

The Company also leases equipment under capital lease agreements. The capital leases have stated or implied interest rates between 5% and 11% and maturity dates into 2024. The equipment financed under the capital leases serves as collateral, and certain leases contain casualty loss values if the equipment is not returned in working order at the end of the lease term.

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating and capital leases as of September 30, 2021 are as follows (in thousands):

Rent expense for both the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 was $3.9 million.

The Company enters into purchase commitments with certain vendors to secure pricing for paper, envelopes, and similar products necessary for its print operations. As of September 30, 2021, the Company had approximately $0.4 million remaining under such purchase orders.

During the normal course of business, the Company is occasionally involved with various claims and litigation. Reserves are established for such matters when a loss is probable and the amount of such loss can be reasonably estimated, including for indemnifications with customers or other parties as a result of contractual agreements. Currently, the Company is not party to any such matters that, in the opinion of management, would individually or taken together have a material adverse effect on its business, operating results, financial condition, or cash flows. Accordingly, no material reserves have been recorded.

The Company is subject to federal and various state income taxes in the United States. The Company’s provision for income taxes during interim periods is determined using an estimate of the Company’s annual effective tax rate, which is adjusted for certain discrete tax items during interim periods.

Income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 are primarily due to tax amortization of indefinite-lived assets and state income taxes.

The Company’s marketable securities at September 30, 2021 consist entirely of certificates of deposit with a financial institution and have maturity dates of twelve months or less.

Marketable securities are impaired when a decline in fair value is judged to be other-than-temporary. The Company evaluates a security for impairment by considering the length of time and extent to which market value has been less than cost or amortized cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, specific events or circumstances that may influence the operations of the issuer, and the Company’s intent to sell the security, or the likelihood that it will be required to sell the security, before recovery of the entire amortized cost. Once a decline in fair value is determined to be other-than-temporary, an impairment charge is recorded and a new costs basis is established. The Company did not record any impairments during the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

The following tables present the Company's fair value hierarchy for its financials assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company did not transfer assets or liabilities between levels of the fair value hierarchy. Additionally, there have been no changes to the valuation techniques for Level 2 or Level 3 liabilities.

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):