UTime Limited (WTO) 20-F2021 FY Annual report (foreign)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 20-F

☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________ to __________.

OR

☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Date of event requiring this shell company report:

Commission file number: 001-40306

UTime Limited

(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Cayman Islands

(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)

7th Floor, Building 5A

Shenzhen Software Industry Base, Nanshan District

Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China 518061

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

Minfei Bao

Tel: (86) 755 86512266

7th Floor, Building 5A

Shenzhen Software Industry Base, Nanshan District

Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China 518061

(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile Number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

(Title of Class)

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:

None

(Title of Class)

The number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of July 21, 2021 was: 8,267,793 ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes ☐   No ☒

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Yes ☐   No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒   No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒   No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow:

Item 17 ☐   Item 18 ☐

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐   No ☒

UTIME LIMITED

FORM 20-F ANNUAL REPORT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I

CERTAIN INFORMATION

In this annual report on Form 20-F, unless otherwise indicated, “we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company” or similar terms refer to UTime Limited, a Cayman Islands exempted company, including its wholly-owned subsidiaries and variable interest entity (“VIE”), unless the context otherwise indicates.

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

The following is a glossary of the electronics industry and the PRC and Indian legal systems used in this annual report on Form 20-F. Other defined terms may be found in the body of this annual report.

Unless the context indicates otherwise, all references to “China” and the “PRC” refer to the People’s Republic of China, all references to “Renminbi” or “RMB” are to the legal currency of the People’s Republic of China and all references to “U.S. dollars,” “dollars” and “$” are to the legal currency of the United States. This annual report contains translations of Renminbi amounts into U.S. dollars at specified rates solely for the convenience of the reader. We make no representation that the Renminbi or U.S. dollar amounts referred to in this report could have been or could be converted into U.S. dollars or Renminbi, as the case may be, at any particular rate or at all. On March 31, 2021, the cash buying rate announced by the People’s Bank of China was RMB6.5713 to $1.00.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report contains “forward-looking statements” for purposes of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that represent our beliefs, projections and predictions about future events. All statements other than statements of historical fact are “forward-looking statements,” including any projections of earnings, revenue or other financial items, any statements of the plans, strategies and objectives of management for future operations, any statements concerning proposed new projects or other developments, any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance, any statements of management’s beliefs, goals, strategies, intentions and objectives, and any statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. Words such as “may”, “will”, “should”, “could”, “would”, “predicts”, “potential”, “continue”, “expects”, “anticipates”, “future”, “intends”, “plans”, “believes”, “estimates” and similar expressions, as well as statements in the future tense, identify forward-looking statements.

These statements are necessarily subjective and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause our actual results, performance or achievements, or industry results, to differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements described in or implied by such statements. Actual results may differ materially from expected results described in our forward-looking statements, including with respect to correct measurement and identification of factors affecting our business or the extent of their likely impact, and the accuracy and completeness of the publicly available information with respect to the factors upon which our business strategy is based or the success of our business.

Forward-looking statements should not be read as a guarantee of future performance or results, and will not necessarily be accurate indications of whether, or the times by which, our performance or results may be achieved. Forward-looking statements are based on information available at the time those statements are made and management’s belief as of that time with respect to future events, and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual performance or results to differ materially from those expressed in or suggested by the forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause such differences include, but are not limited to, those factors discussed under the headings “Risk Factors”, “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects,” and elsewhere in this report.

ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS

Not Applicable.

ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

Not Applicable.

ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION

3.A. Selected Financial Data

3.B. Capitalization and Indebtedness

Not Applicable.

3.C. Reasons For The Offer And Use Of Proceeds

Not Applicable.

3.D. Risk Factors

An investment in our ordinary shares involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below together with all other information contained in this annual report, including the matters discussed under the headings “Forward-Looking Statements” and “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” before you decide to invest in our ordinary shares. We are a holding company with substantial operations in China and are subject to a legal and regulatory environment that in many respects differs from the United States. If any of the following risks, or any other risks and uncertainties that are not presently foreseeable to us, actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and our future growth prospects could be materially and adversely affected.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

We have incurred significant losses and we may continue to experience losses in the future.

We have incurred significant losses in the past. In fiscal year 2020 and 2021, respectively, we had losses from operations of RMB19.7 million and RMB14.5 million (US$2.2 million), and net losses of RMB21.7 million and RMB16.6 million (US$2.5 million). We also had net cash used by operating activities of RMB17.1 million in fiscal year 2020, and cash used in operations of RMB2.5 million (US$0.4 million) in fiscal year 2021. We may continue to have an adverse effect on our shareholders’ equity and working capital in the future.

We cannot assure you that we will be able to generate profits or positive cash flow from operating activities in the future. Our ability to achieve profitability depends in large part on our ability to manage our costs and expenses. We intend to manage and control our costs and expenses as a proportion of our total revenues, but there can be no assurance that we will achieve this goal. We may experience losses in the future due to our continued investments in technology, talent, content and other initiatives. In addition, our ability to achieve and sustain profitability is affected by various factors, some of which are beyond our control, such as changes in macroeconomic and regulatory environment or competitive dynamics in the industry. Accordingly, you should not rely on our financial results of any prior period as an indication of our future performance.

We may need to raise additional capital or obtain loans from financial institutions from time to time and our operations could be curtailed if we are unable to obtain the required additional funding when needed. We may not be able to do so when necessary, and/or the terms of any financings may not be advantageous to us.

As of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively, we had accumulated deficit of RMB32.8 million and RMB49.4 million (US$7.5 million). Due to our accumulated deficit, we may need to obtain additional funding from outside sources, including from the sales of our securities, grants or other forms of financing. Our accumulated deficit increases the difficulty in completing such sales or securing alternative sources of funding, and there can be no assurances that we will be able to obtain such funding on favorable terms or at all. If we are unable to obtain sufficient financing from the sale of our securities or from alternative sources, we may be required to reduce, defer or discontinue certain of our research and development and operating activities or we may not be able to continue as a going concern. If we cannot continue as a going concern, our shareholders may lose their entire investment in our ordinary shares. Future reports from our independent registered public accounting firm may contain statements expressing doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

We generate a significant portion of our net revenues from a small number of major customers and key projects and any loss of business from these customers or key projects could reduce our net revenues and significantly harm our business.

We have derived, and believe that in the foreseeable future we will continue to derive, a significant portion of our net revenues from a small number of major customers and key projects. Our top three customers in fiscal year 2020 accounted for approximately 57.3%, 9.6% and 6.0% of our net revenues in fiscal year 2020. For the year ended March 31, 2021, our top three customers accounted for approximately 41.3%, 6.8% and 6.3% of our net revenues.

Our ability to maintain close relationships with our major customers is essential to the growth and profitability of our business. However, the volume of work performed for a specific customer is likely to vary from year-to-year and project-to-project, especially since we are generally not the exclusive service solutions provider for our customers, some of our customers have in-house research and development capabilities, and we do not have long-term purchase commitments from any of our customers. A major customer in one year may not provide the same level of net revenues for us in any subsequent year. The products we provide to our customers, and the net revenues and income from those products, may decline or vary as the type and quantity of products changes over time. In addition, reliance on any individual customer for a significant portion of our net revenues may give that customer a degree of pricing leverage when negotiating contracts and terms of service with us.

In addition, a number of factors not within our control could cause the loss of, or reduction in, business or revenues from any customer, and these factors are not predictable. These factors include, among others, a customer’s decision to re-negotiate the royalty payment of a contract if the volume of unit sales exceeds original expectations, pricing pressure from competitors, a change in a customer’s business strategy, or failure of a mobile chipset manufacturer or mobile device OEM to develop competitive products. Our customers may also choose to pursue alternative technologies and develop alternative products in addition to, or in lieu of, our products, either on their own or in collaboration with others, including our competitors. The loss of any major customer or key project, or a significant decrease in the volume of customer demand or the price at which we sell our products to customers, could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

The outbreak of the coronavirus in China, India and across the world may have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our business could be materially and adversely affected by the outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (“COVID-19” or the “coronavirus”), or the coronavirus, in China. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus outbreak a “Public Health Emergency of International Concern” and on March 10, 2020, declared it to be a pandemic. Actions taken around the world to help mitigate the spread of the coronavirus include restrictions on travel, and quarantines in certain areas, and forced closures for certain types of public places and businesses. The coronavirus and actions taken to mitigate it have had and are expected to continue to have an adverse impact on the economies and financial markets of many countries, including the geographical area in which the Company operates.

Our headquarters (Shenzhen) and our factory (Guizhou) are located in China where the coronavirus originated. The World Health Organization has declared the coronavirus outbreak in China a public health emergency of international concern. As this virus is transmitted between humans, the Chinese government has imposed travel restrictions in certain parts of the country and several businesses operating in China have scaled back operations. The development of the coronavirus outbreak could materially disrupt our business and operations, slow down the overall economy, curtail consumer spending, interrupt our sources of supply, and make it difficult to adequately staff our operations. As a result, our operating results, financial condition and cash flows could be materially adversely impacted.

The coronavirus is impacting several areas of the world, including Asia and the United States. Many factories in China closed during February 2020 at the mandate of the Chinese government and did not reopen until March 2020. This has impacted the manufacturing productivity of our factories as well as those of our suppliers, and therefore the amount of inventory we receive and can ship to customers. We are hopeful that all operations will return to normal as soon as possible. We are doing everything we can to keep customer production running and to keep things as smooth and stable as possible. However, the coronavirus could negatively impact our sales performance, depending on the duration and severity of the coronavirus’ impact on the operations of our vendors and suppliers, as well as our ability to restore production to normal levels.

The impact of COVID-19 on our business, financial condition, and results of operations include, but are not limited to, the following:

We depend on third party service providers for logistics and aftersales services, and any failure of our third party service providers to perform may have a material negative impact on our business.

We outsource all of our transportation and logistics services, as well as after-sale services, for our products to third-party service providers. We rely on these outsourcing partners to bring our products to our customers and provide after sale services. While these arrangements allow us to focus on our main business, they also reduce our direct control over the logistics and aftersales services provided to our customers. Any failure of our logistics partners to perform may have a material negative impact on the timely delivery of our products and customer satisfaction. In addition, logistics in our primary locations or transit to final destinations may be disrupted for a variety of reasons including, natural and man-made disasters, information technology system failures, commercial disputes, military actions or economic, business, labor, environmental, public health, or political issues. We may also be unable to pass any increase in logistics costs to our customers. Errors that occur in product maintenance processes can compromise our products and services, adversely affect customer experience, and harm our business.

We rely on outsourcing manufacturers to produce a majority of our products. If we encounter issues with them, our business and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

We rely on outsourcing manufacturers to produce a majority of our products. However, the volume of orders designated to a specific manufacturer is likely to vary from year-to-year and project-to-project, especially since we generally do not enter into exclusive relationship with the manufacturers and we do not have long-term or fixed-term purchase commitments with any of our outsourcing manufacturers. A major manufacturer in one year may not provide the same amount of products to us in any subsequent year. The products each manufacturer supplies us may decline or vary our customer orders change over time. Additionally, our contracts with these manufacturers can be terminated at any time. Therefore, we may not be able to maintain a long-term cooperative relationship with our outsourcing manufacturers for our existing products. We may also experience operational difficulties with our outsourcing manufacturers, including reductions in the availability of production capacity, failure to comply with product specifications, insufficient quality control, failure to meet production deadlines, increases in manufacturing costs and longer lead time. Our outsourcing manufacturers may experience disruptions in their manufacturing operations due to equipment breakdowns, labor strikes or shortages, natural disasters, component or material shortages, cost increases, violation of environmental, health or safety laws and regulations, or other problems. We may be unable to pass the cost increases to our customers. We may have disputes with our outsourcing manufacturers, which may result in litigation expenses, divert our management’s attention and cause supply shortages to us. In addition, we may not be able to identify outsourcing manufacturers who are capable of producing new products we target to launch in the future.

Our expansion into new product categories and scenarios, and substantial increases in product lines may expose us to new challenges and more risks.

We strive to continue to expand and diversify our product offerings to cover additional scenarios in the mobile or IoT era. Expanding into new product categories and scenarios outside of the mobile phone and accessories category, such as to wearable devices, speakers and related consumer electronics and substantially increasing our product lines involve new risks and challenges. Our potential lack of familiarity with new products and scenarios and the lack of relevant customer data relating to these products may make it more difficult for us to anticipate user demand and preferences. We may misjudge market demand, resulting in inventory buildup and possible inventory write-downs. We may not be able to effectively control our costs and expenses in rolling out these new product categories and scenarios. We may have certain quality issues and experience higher return rates on new products, receive more customer complaints and face costly product liability claims, such as injury allegedly or actually caused by our products, which would harm our brand and reputation as well as our financial performance.

Furthermore, we may need to price our new products more aggressively to penetrate new markets, and gain market share or remain competitive. It may be difficult for us to achieve profitability in the new product categories and our profit margin, if any, may be lower than we anticipate, which would adversely affect our overall profitability and results of operations.

Our international expansion is subject to a variety of costs and risks and we may not be successful, which could adversely affect our profitability and operating results.

We intend to expand or enter into new geographic markets, such as the United States and Canada, where we have limited or no experience in marketing, selling our products and deploying our services. International expansion has required and will continue to require us to invest significant capital and other resources and our efforts may not be successful. Our expansion may be subject to risks such as: brand awareness, sales and distribution network, differences in customer preference, political and economic instability, trade restrictions, difficulties in forming and managing local staff and teams, lesser degrees of intellectual property protection.

The occurrence of any of these risks could negatively affect our international business and consequently our business and operating results. In addition, the concern over these risks may also prevent us from entering into or releasing certain of our products in certain markets.

Our use of open source software could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flow.

Certain of our technology and our suppliers’ technology may contain or may be derived from “open source” software, which, under certain open source licenses, may offer accessibility to a portion of a product’s source code and may expose related intellectual property to adverse licensing conditions. Licensing of such technology may impose certain obligations on us if we were to distribute derivative works of the open source software. For example, these obligations may require us to make source code for derivative works available or license such derivative works under a particular type of license that is different from what we customarily use to license our technology. While we believe we have taken appropriate steps and employ adequate controls to protect our intellectual property rights, our use of open source software presents risks that, if we inappropriately use open source software, we may be required to reengineer our technology, discontinue the sale of our technology, release the source code of our proprietary technology to the public at no cost or take other remedial actions, which could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. There is a risk that open source licenses could be construed in a way that could impose unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to commercialize our products or solutions, which could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

We operate in a rapidly evolving industry. If we fail to keep up with technological developments and changing requirements of our customers, business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

The mobile industry is rapidly evolving and subject to continuous technological developments. Our success depends on our ability to keep up with these technological developments and the resulting changes in customers’ demands. There may also be changes in the industry landscape as different types of platforms compete with one another for market share. If we do not adapt our software and service platform solutions to such changes in an effective and timely manner as more mobile operating system platforms become available in the future, we may suffer a loss in market share. Given that we operate in a rapidly evolving industry, we also need to continuously invest significant resources in research and development in order to enhance our existing products and to respond to changes in customer preference, new challenges and industry changes in a timely and effective manner. If we fail to keep up with technological developments and continue to innovate to meet the needs of our customers, our software and service platform solutions may become less attractive to customers, which in turn may adversely affect our reputation, competitiveness, results of operations and prospects.

We face intense competition from onshore and offshore third party software providers in the mobile phone market, and, if we are unable to compete effectively, we may lose customers and our revenues may decline. The lack of technological development and increase in competition may lead to a decline in our sustainable growth.

The mobile phone market is highly fragmented and competitive, and we expect competition to persist and intensify from both existing competitors and new market entrants. We believe that the principal competitive factors in our industry are reliability and efficiency, performance, product features and functionality, development complexity and time-to-market, price, support for multiple architectures and processors, interoperability with other systems, support for emerging industry and customer standards and protocols and levels of training, technical services and customer support.

The market in which we operate is highly competitive and is subject to frequent changes due to technological improvements and advancements, availability of new and alternative services and frequently changing client preferences and demands. Our ability to anticipate changes in technology and regulatory standards and to develop and introduce new and enhanced products successfully on a timely basis will be a significant factor in our ability to grow and to remain competitive. The development and acquisition of technology requires substantial investments, and we cannot guarantee that we will be able to achieve the technological advances that may be necessary for us to remain competitive. If we fail to update the technology used in their handsets, it will be challenging for us to experience sustained growth in both existing and new markets and consequently, we may lose our market share and revenue.

We may undertake acquisitions, investments, joint ventures or other strategic alliances in the future, which could expose us to new operational, regulatory and market risks. In addition, such future undertakings may not be successful, which may adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

We intend to grow both organically by expanding our current business lines and geographic coverage and through acquisitions, investments, joint ventures or other strategic alliances if the appropriate opportunities arise. These potential business plans, acquisitions, investments, joint ventures and strategic alliances may expose us to new operational, regulatory and market risks, as well as risks associated with additional capital requirements. In addition, we may not be able to identify suitable future acquisition or investment candidates or joint venture or alliance partners. Even if we identify suitable candidates or partners, we may be unable to complete an acquisition, investment or alliance on terms commercially acceptable to us. If we fail to identify appropriate candidates or partners, or complete desired acquisitions, investments or alliances, we may not be able to implement our strategies effectively or efficiently.

In addition, our ability to successfully integrate acquired companies and their operations may be adversely affected by a number of factors, including, among others, the ability to capitalize on anticipated synergies, diversion of resources and management’s attention, difficulties in retaining personnel of the acquired companies, unanticipated problems or legal liabilities and tax and accounting issues. If we fail to integrate any acquired company efficiently, our earnings, revenues, gross margins, operating margins and business operations could be adversely affected. The integration of acquired companies is a complex, time-consuming and expensive process.

Security and privacy breaches may expose us to liability and harm our reputation and business.

As part of our business we may receive and process information about our employees, customers and partners, and we may store (or contract with third parties to store) our customers’ data. There are numerous laws governing privacy and the storage, sharing, use, disclosure and protection of personally identifiable information and user data. Specifically, personally identifiable and other confidential information is increasingly subject to legislation and regulations in numerous domestic and international jurisdictions. The regulatory framework for privacy protection in China and worldwide, including India and the United States, is currently evolving and is likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. We could be adversely affected if legislation or regulations in China and elsewhere on the world where we have business operations are expanded to require changes in business practices or privacy policies, or if the relevant governmental authorities in China and elsewhere on the world where we have business operations interpret or implement their legislation or regulations in ways that negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. For example, in November 2016, China released the Cybersecurity Law, which took effect in June 2017. The Cybersecurity Law requires network operators to perform certain functions related to cybersecurity protection and the strengthening of network information management. For instance, under the Cybersecurity Law, network operators of key information infrastructure, including network operators of key information infrastructures in public communications and information industry, generally shall, during their operations in the PRC, store the personal information and important data collected and produced within the territory of the PRC and their purchase of network products and services that may affect national securities shall be subject to national cybersecurity review. While we take security measures relating to service platform solutions, specifically, and our operations (including MVNO business operation), generally, those measures may not prevent security breaches that could harm our business and we cannot assure you that the measures we have taken or will take are adequate under the Cybersecurity Law and other relevant laws and regulations. Advances in computer capabilities, inadequate technology or facility security measures or other factors may result in a compromise or breach of our systems and the data we store and process. Our security measures may be breached as a result of actions by third parties or employee error or malfeasance. A party who is able to circumvent our security measures or exploit inadequacies in our security measures, could, among other things, misappropriate proprietary information (including information about our employees, customers and partners and our customers’ information), cause the loss or disclosure of some or all of this information, cause interruptions in our operations or our customers’ or expose our customers to computer viruses or other disruptions or vulnerabilities. Any compromise of our systems or the data it stores or processes could result in a loss of confidence in the security of our service platform solutions, damage our reputation, disrupt our business, lead to legal liability and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, a compromise of our systems could remain undetected for an extended period of time, exacerbating the impact of that compromise. Actual or perceived vulnerabilities may lead to claims against us by our customers, partners or other third parties, which could be material. While our customer agreements typically contain provisions that seek to limit our liability, there is no assurance these provisions will be enforceable and effective under applicable law. In addition, the cost and operational consequences of implementing further data protection measures could be significant.

We are vulnerable to technology infrastructure failures, which could harm our reputation and business.

We rely on our technology infrastructure for many functions, including selling our service platform solutions, supporting our customers and billing, collecting and making payments. We also rely on our own technology infrastructure, which is located on a third-party site, as well as the technology infrastructure of third parties, to provide some of our back-end services. This technology infrastructure may be vulnerable to damage or interruption from natural disasters, power loss, telecommunication failures, terrorist attacks, computer intrusions and viruses, software errors, computer denial-of-service attacks and other events. A significant number of the systems making up this infrastructure are not redundant, and our disaster recovery planning is not sufficient for every eventuality. This technology infrastructure is also subject to break-ins, sabotage and intentional acts of vandalism by internal employees, contractors and third parties. Despite any precautions we or our third-party partners may take, such problems could result in, among other consequences, interruptions in our services and loss of data, which could harm our reputation, business and financial condition. We do not carry business interruption insurance sufficient to protect us from all losses that may result from interruptions in our services as a result of technology infrastructure failures or to cover all contingencies. Any interruption in the availability of our websites and on-line interactions with customers and partners would create a large volume of questions and complaints that would need to be addressed by our support personnel. If our support personnel cannot meet this demand, customer and partner satisfaction levels may fall, which in turn could cause additional claims, reduced revenue, reputation damage or loss of customers.

We may not be able to continue to use or adequately protect our intellectual property rights, which could harm our business reputation and competitive position.

We believe that patents, trademarks, trade secrets, copyright, software registration and other intellectual property we use are important to our business. We rely on a combination of patent, trademark, copyright, software registration and trade secret protection laws in China, the United States, the Philippines, Kenya and other jurisdictions, as well as confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions to protect our intellectual property and brand name. Risks related to mis-branded counterfeit, unlawful copying can lead to security problems, loss of consumer confidence, losing out on the brand image, reputation and goodwill. Presently, “Do Mobile” is not a registered trademark in India. Any failure by us to maintain or protect our intellectual property rights, including any unauthorized use of our intellectual property by third parties or use of “UTime” or “Do Mobile” as a company name to conduct software or services business, may adversely affect our current and future revenues and our reputation.

In addition, the validity, enforceability and scope of protection available under intellectual property laws with respect to the mobile and Internet industries in China, where a significant part of our business and operations are located, are uncertain and still evolving. Implementation and enforcement of PRC intellectual property-related laws have historically been deficient, ineffective and hampered by corruption and local protectionism. Accordingly, protection of intellectual property rights in China may not be as effective as in the United States or other countries. Furthermore, policing unauthorized use of proprietary technology is difficult and expensive, and we may need to resort to litigation to enforce or defend patents issued to us or to determine the enforceability, scope and validity of our proprietary rights or those of others. Such litigation and an adverse determination in any such litigation, if any, could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention, which could harm our business and competitive position.

We also may be required to enter into license agreements with certain third parties to use their intellectual property for our business operations. If such third parties fail to perform under these license agreements or if the agreements are terminated for any reason, our business and results of operations may be negatively impacted. Furthermore, if we are deemed to be using third parties’ intellectual property without due authorization, we may become subject to legal proceedings or sanctions, which may be time-consuming and costly to defend, divert management attention and resources or require us to enter into licensing agreements, which may not be available on commercial terms, or at all.

The international nature of our business exposes us to risks that could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We conduct our business throughout the world in multiple locations. Our corporate structure also spans multiple jurisdictions, with our parent company incorporated in the Cayman Islands and structured as a holding company and intermediate and operating subsidiaries incorporated in China, Hong Kong and India. As a result, we are exposed to risks typically associated with conducting business internationally, many of which are beyond our control. These risks include, among others:

The potential for war or terrorist attacks may also cause uncertainty and cause our business to suffer in ways that we cannot predict. Our business could also be adversely affected by the outbreaks of epidemics in China and globally, such as the coronavirus which originated in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019, Ebola virus disease, H1N1 flu, H7N9 flu, avian flu, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, or SARS, or other epidemics. Past occurrences of epidemics have caused different degrees of damage to the national and local economies in India. A recurrence of an outbreak of any kind of epidemic could cause a slowdown in the levels of economic activity generally, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Should major public health issues, including pandemics, arise, we could be adversely affected by more stringent employee travel restrictions, additional limitations in freight services, governmental actions limiting the movement of products between regions, delays in production ramps of new products and disruptions in the operations of our component suppliers.

The occurrence of any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Furthermore, we are in the process of implementing policies and procedures designed to facilitate compliance with laws and regulations in various jurisdictions applicable to us, but there can be no assurance that our employees, contractors or agents will not violate such laws and regulations or our policies. Any such violations could, individually or in the aggregate, materially and adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.

Inadequacy of skilled personnel may lead to decline in sales of mobile phones by us.

Competition in our industry for qualified employees, especially technical employees, is intense, and our competitors directly target our employees from time to time. We have also experienced employees leaving us to start competing businesses or to join the in-house research and development teams of our customers. The loss of the technical knowledge and industry expertise of any of these individuals could seriously impede our success. Moreover, the loss of these individuals, particularly to a competitor, some of which are in a position to offer greater compensation, and any resulting loss of customers or trade secrets and technological expertise could further lead to a reduction in our market share and adversely affect our business. If we are required to increase the compensation payable to our qualified employees to compete with certain competitors with greater resources than we have or to discourage employees from leaving us to start competing businesses, our operating expenses will increase which, in turn, will adversely affect our results or operations.

Moreover, our sales team plays a pivotal role in the success of the business of every organization. The unique and important role of sales is to bridge the gap between the potential customer’s needs and the products/services that the organization offers that can fulfil their needs. Every organization strives to have best sales team who possess skill set for understanding consumer behavior and consumer needs and excellent communication skill. Our growth strategy places significant dependence on the experience and the continued efforts of our sales executives. There has always been dearth of such skilled sales personnel, and we may need to incur significant expenditure for attracting skilled sales personnel and for retaining its existing sales team. We may not be able to retain our existing sales team or attract and recruit new sales executives in the future. This may result in drop in sale of mobile handsets and will consequently have an adverse effect on our revenue and sustained growth.

Our success depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our senior executives and other key personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if we lose their services.

Our future success heavily depends upon the continued services of our senior executives and other key employees. In particular, we rely on the expertise, experience, customer relationships and reputation of Minfei Bao, our founder, chairman and chief executive officer. We currently do not maintain key man life insurance for any of the senior members of our management team or other key employees. If one or more of our senior executives or key employees are unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, it could disrupt our business operations, and we may not be able to replace them easily or at all. In addition, competition for senior executives and key employees in our industry is intense, and we may be unable to retain our senior executives and key employees or attract and retain new senior executive and key employees in the future, in which case our business may be severely disrupted, and our financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

If any of our senior executives or key employees joins a competitor or forms a competing company, it may lose customers, know-how and other key employees and staff members to them. Also, if any of our business development managers, who generally keep a close relationship with our customers, joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, and our net revenues may be materially and adversely affected. Additionally, there could be unauthorized disclosure or use of our technical knowledge, practices or procedures by such employees. All of our executives and key employees have entered into employment agreements with us that contain non-competition provisions, non-solicitation and nondisclosure covenants. However, if any dispute arises between our executive officers or key employees and us, such non-competition, non-solicitation and nondisclosure provisions might not provide effective protection to us, especially in China, where most of these executive officers and key employees reside, in light of the uncertainties with China’s legal system.

We could be impacted by unfavorable results of legal proceedings, including the pending proceeding against Do Mobile, and may, from time to time, be involved in future litigation in which substantial monetary damages are sought.

The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims that have arisen in the ordinary course of business, from time to time, and new claims may arise in the future.

On September 17, 2018, Wukai Song, the majority shareholder in Bridgetime, filed a complaint with the NCLT against Ekta Grover and Yunchuan Li, the directors of Do Mobile at the time, alleging mismanagement of corporate affairs, embezzlement of funds and absenting themselves from the management of Do Mobile. Further, Mr. Song sought the following relief from the NCLT:

On November 16, 2018 and November 15, 2018, Ms. Grover and Mr. Li, respectively, filed an answer with the NCLT. Further, on November 17, 2018, Mr. Wukai Song filed an application for interim relief seeking removal of Ms. Grover and Mr. Li from the board of directors of Do Mobile.

On September 30, 2019, the NCLT issued its interim order, which allowed Mr. Wukai Song to carry out certain statutory compliances of Do Mobile, and the NCLT has also directed Ms. Grover, director of Do Mobile, to handover the digital signature of directors to Mr. Wukai Song for carrying out said statutory compliances and undertaking its business pending resolution of the litigation.

Since the litigation involves Ms. Ekta Grover and Mr. Li Yunchuan, who were the directors of Do Mobile, and who resigned on December 24, 2020 and March 3, 2021 respectively, such directors could no longer attend to the affairs of Do Mobile. As a result, Do Mobile did not have an effective board and was facing significant challenges in its daily operation. For instance, Do Mobile was unable to undertake certain corporate actions, such as: (a) convening and holding board meetings of Do Mobile as mandatorily required under the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 every year; (b) convening an annual general meeting where among other things, the Do Mobile shareholders approve and adopt the financial statements of Do Mobile as required under the Companies Act, 2013; (c) reporting annual compliances with the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 through various e-forms with the office of the Registrar of Companies, Ministry of Corporate Affairs; (d) submitting an annual report titled ‘Foreign Liabilities and Assets’ each year as required by companies receiving foreign direct investment and other related compliances under Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999; and (e) maintenance of statutory registers as required under various applicable laws.

Do Mobile is also a party to two other matters initiated in connection with the aforesaid matter before the NCLT. These matters, which were filed at Tis Hazari court (district court) in Delhi, India were (i) Do Mobile Pvt. Ltd. v. DBS Bank Ltd. (civil suit no. 813/2019); and (ii) Ekta Grover v. Do Mobile India Pvt. Ltd. (civil suit no. 917/2019).

The above-mentioned instances of non-compliance expose Do Mobile to potential fines and penalties. Do Mobile directors and officers may also be prosecuted for such non-compliance under the official-in-default doctrine in the Companies Act, 2013, should they fail to undertake their statutory duties to act in the best interest of Do Mobile.

The litigation against Ekta Grover and Yunchuan Li is still pending before Delhi Bench of the NCLT and the matter was scheduled to be heard again on June 3, 2021. However due to the lockdown, the courts were functioning at a limited capacity and the matter could not be taken up on the designated date. Do Mobile is awaiting intimation regarding the revised date of hearing in this matter. In order to amicably settle such ongoing litigation between Do Mobile and its directors, Do Mobile and director Ms. Grover have entered into a settlement agreement, dated January 16, 2020 (“Settlement Agreement”). In terms of the Settlement Agreement, Do Mobile and Ms. Grover have arrived at the following understanding:

The matter of Do Mobile Pvt. Ltd. v. DBS Bank Ltd. (civil suit no. 813/2019) was initiated by Mr. Li in the Tis Hazari district court to seek revival of the authority granted to him and Ms. Grover to operate the bank account of Do Mobile. Since the dispute regarding the powers of Mr. Li and Ms. Grover in their capacity as directors of Do Mobile was pending before the NCLT, the district court refused to grant any interim relief to the then directors of Do Mobile. An application seeking withdrawal of the matter was filed by Do Mobile on April 1, 2021. At present, the matter is pending before the Tis Hazari district court and will be heard next on September 22, 2021. The court is yet to pass an order allowing the application requesting withdrawal of the suit.

Since the litigation commenced, all major decisions for Do Mobile have been made by the Company’s group headquarters in Shenzhen, China. Such decisions include those relating to the type and quantum of products to be released in the market. Furthermore, all sales are being made and the marketing strategy for Do Mobile is being formulated from the corporate headquarter in Shenzhen, China. However, Do Mobile is making its own decisions relating to customer acquisition, recruitment of sales forces and office administration.

In order to avoid operational challenges in Do Mobile on account of ongoing litigation at the NCLT, the Company nominated the following persons to manage the daily operations of Do Mobile:

In order to avoid operational challenges due to the on-going litigation in the NCLT, effective December 12, 2020, Do Mobile appointed two new directors on its board, Mr. Song and Aayushi Gautam. At present, the board of Do Mobile consists of two directors, Mr. Song and Ms. Gautam. Ms. Grover and Mr. Li both have resigned from their directorship in Do Mobile with effect from December 24, 2020 and March 3, 2021 respectively. Further, one share of Do Mobile which was held by Ms. Grover has been transferred by her to Ms. Aayushi Gautam. Do Mobile has also appointed Mr. Tarun Garg as its Finance Head, effective in July 2020. As a result of the constitution of a new board of directors, Do Mobile has been able to overcome its operational challenges.

On August 24, 2018, UTime GZ submitted an arbitration against Guizhou Nianfu Supply Chain Management Co., Ltd. (“Nianfu GZ”), alleging Nianfu GZ defaulted payment of RMB7,428,592.35 (US$1.1 million) under certain supply chain service agreement between UTime GZ and Nianfu GZ (No. GZNF-GZLD2017-386, the “Service Agreement”), and seeking compensation losses. On July 24, 2019, a judgment was rendered awarding that (i) Nianfu GZ shall pay RMB1,748,689.70 (US$0.3 million) for the balance for goods to UTime GZ; and (ii) Nianfu GZ shall pay UTime GZ the property preservation fees and legal fees of RMB18,728.70 (US$2,850.1) in total. This judgment has taken effect and UTime GZ has received the amount of RMB1,816,621.90 (US$0.3 million) on September 23, 2019. On August 14, 2019, UTime GZ has submitted a new arbitration against Nianfu GZ at Shenzhen Court of International Arbitration (“SCIA”), mainly because our management was not satisfied with the amount of the compensation awarded by the SCIA, seeking termination of the Service Agreement and the payment of RMB5,932,637.83 (US$0.9 million) by Nianfu GZ under the Service Agreement. The new arbitration application was accepted by SCIA on September 3, 2019 and the tribunal heard the case on November 14, 2019. On March 16, 2020, a new judgment was rendered by the arbitration tribunal awarding that the Service Agreement shall be terminated and Nianfu GZ shall pay RMB5,679,902.65 (US$0.9 million) to UTime GZ. The new judgment has taken effect and on June 19, 2020, UTime GZ has received the amount of RMB5,820,000.00 (US$0.9 million) including the arbitration fee and attorney’s fee.

On August 23, 2018, UTime SZ submitted an arbitration against Shenzhen Nianfu Supply Chain Management Co., Ltd. (“Nianfu SZ”), alleging Nianfu SZ defaulted on payment of RMB1,913,616.60 (US$0.3 million) under certain supply chain service agreement between UTime SZ and Nianfu SZ, seeking compensation losses. On March 29, 2019, SCIA issued the Correspondence No. Hua Nan Guo Zhong Shen Fa [2019] D3704 stating that the arbitration tribunal decided to suspend the case (No. SHEN DX20180565) from March 29, 2019, due to the fact that Nianfu SZ was going through the bankruptcy proceedings and the time for resuming the arbitration procedure shall be notified by the arbitration tribunal separately. On June 24, 2020, UTime SZ has withdrawn the case (No. SHEN DX20180565) from the SCIA.

Regardless of the merit of particular claims, litigation may be expensive, time consuming, disruptive to our operations and distracting to management. For instance, if such litigation against Do Mobile stays pending, there will be no effective board of Do Mobile, which may lead to serious complications for Do Mobile. Continued non-compliance may impact Do Mobile’s operations negatively, which could result in the imposition of substantial penalties by the government and lead to prosecution of our management. Therefore, our business operations could be negatively impacted by unfavorable results of legal proceedings.

In addition, we may from time to time be involved in future litigation in which substantial monetary damages are sought. Litigation claims may relate to intellectual property, contracts, employment, securities and other matters arising out of the conduct of our current and past business activities. Any claims, whether with or without merit, could be time consuming, expensive to defend and could divert management’s attention and resources. We may maintain insurance against some, but not all, of these potential claims, and the levels of insurance we do maintain may not be adequate to fully cover any and all losses. Nonetheless, the results of any future litigation or claims are inherently unpredictable, and such outcomes could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash from operating activities or financial condition.

Compromised product quality of our mobile products may damage our brand and reputation of and customers could stop using our mobile handsets.

Quality of any product plays a vital role towards its demand and any failure to maintain quality standards may impact sales and revenues. Much of the mobile products we sell, for instance, the mobile handsets sold by Do Mobile, are being manufactured by third party vendors. Though we conduct frequent vendor inspections in an effort to ensure that these vendors adhere to our prescribed quality standards; however, there remains an element of risk about the quality of mobile handsets as we cannot guarantee that our inspections will capture all existing or latent defects. Our inability to maintain the quality of our products, may materially impact our reputation and business.

We may not be able to successfully sustain our growth strategy into new geographic markets and innovative consumer electronic products. Inability to effectively manage growth, our current and planned resources and related issues could materially and adversely affect our business of and impact future financial performance.

We have experienced rapid growth since we commenced operations. Our rapid expansion may expose us to new challenges and risks. Currently we are not involved in any other business vertical and are solely dependent upon revenue from its mobile handset business. In the event, our mobile handset vertical becomes vulnerable due to any unforeseen circumstance or we become unable to successfully augment our existing business of sale of mobile handsets, then our business and financial condition could material adverse effect. Even if we introduce any new service or product as a part of its business operations, it may take time to establish in a highly competitive Asian market, hence, there can be no assurance that we will be able to achieve its intended return on investments.

A further principal component of our growth strategy is to expand the geographical scope of our business. This growth strategy will require deployment of additional funds and resources, continued expansion and enhancement of our infrastructure and technology, improvement of our operational and financial systems and controls, and will also entail procuring additional approvals, permissions and licenses from regulatory authorities. This will put strain on our funds position and there will always be a requirement of infusion of additional capital. For example, we currently manage all of our human resources functions with a traditional and basic system and expect that we will need to upgrade our current system as we continue to increase our headcount. We also need to expand, train and manage our growing employee base. In addition, our management will be required to obtain, maintain or expand relationships with mobile chipset manufacturers, mobile device OEMs and mobile operators, as well as other third-party business partners. We cannot assure you that our current and planned personnel, infrastructure, systems, procedures and controls will be adequate to support our expanding operations. As we enter new markets, such expansion may subject us to various challenges, including those relating to our lack of familiarity with the culture, legal regulations and economic conditions of the new regions, difficulties in selection and appointment of distributors, display centers, staffing and managing such operations. The risks involved in entering new geographical markets may be higher than expected, and we may face significant competition in such markets. By expanding into new markets, we may be exposed to significant liabilities and could lose some or all of our investment in such regions. If we fail to manage our expansion effectively, our business, results of operations and prospects may be materially and adversely affected. Any delay or non-availability of additional capital will also impact our growth curve and may lead to stagnation and loss of business.

Continuous expansion also involves challenges relating to recruitment, training and retention of human resources of caliber. Failure to train and retain employees may result in attrition, which will put pressure on us for recruitment, which may also lead to increased human resource costs, which may also impact our financial position.

We are dependent on raw materials and mobile device components from off shore entities and from local markets, and an increase in their cost could have an adverse effect on our business.

The stability or variability in the prices of materials or components depends on various factors which could have an adverse effect on our business and accordingly, a major fluctuation should not be ruled out in the future. Several components used in handsets sold by us are sourced from offshore companies, primarily from China. The price and availability of the materials or components depends on several factors beyond our control, including supplier’s preferability, overall economic conditions, production levels, market demand for such material, production and transportation cost, duties, taxes and trade restrictions. Any impact on supply of components for any reason whatsoever will have direct impact on our business.

We have engaged in transactions with related parties, and such transactions present possible conflicts of interest that could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

We have entered into a number of transactions with related parties, including our significant shareholders and directors. For example, we have entered into several transactions with persons or our Chief Executive Officer, Minfei Bao, where we borrowed funds from him for additional working capital demand. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders And Related Party Transactions — B. Related Party Transactions — Loans from Mr. Bao”. We may in the future enter into additional transactions with entities in which members of our board of directors and other related parties hold ownership interests.

Transactions with related parties present potential for conflicts of interest, as the interests of related party may not align with the interests of our shareholders. Although we believe that these transactions were in our best interests, we cannot assure you that these transactions were entered into on terms as favorable to us as those that could have been obtained in an arms-length transaction. We may also engage in transactions with related parties in the future. These transactions, individually or in the aggregate, may have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations or may result in government enforcement actions or other litigation.

We may be adversely affected by product liability exposure claims.

We face an inherent business risk of exposure to product liability claims in the event that our products fail to perform to their specifications. In case of any product liability claim, we may need to incur significant expenditure in defending any such claims. We may incur losses relating to these claims or the defense of these claims.

We may also be required to participate in recalls involving our mobile products, if any prove to be defective, or we may voluntarily initiate a recall or make payments related to such claims as a result of various industry or business practices or the need to maintain good customer relationships. Such a recall would result in a diversion of resources. Where defective designs or defective components parts cause significant bodily damage or injury, our liability risks will increase.

We do not maintain product liability insurance, and to the extent we do obtain such insurance in the future, we cannot assure investors that it will be sufficient to cover all product liability claims, that such claims will not exceed our insurance coverage limits or that such insurance will continue to be available on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. Any product liability claim brought against us could have a material adverse effect on the results of our operations.

Our management and auditors identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting that, if not properly remediated, could result in material misstatements in our consolidated financial statements that could cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information and have a negative effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares.

Neither we nor BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP (“BDO China”), our independent registered public accounting firm, has performed a comprehensive assessment of our internal control over financial reporting, as defined by the standards of the PCAOB, for purposes of identifying and reporting material weaknesses and other control deficiencies. We are not currently required to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and therefore are not required to assess the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Further, BDO China has not been engaged to express, nor has it expressed, an opinion on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. In connection with its audits of our consolidated financial statements as of, and for the year ended, March 31, 2021, BDO China identified certain errors relating to accounts and disclosures, in the aggregate, material to the consolidated financial statements. The Company has reflected all material proposed adjustments and disclosures in its financial statements.

The material weaknesses identified related to (i) our lack of sufficient qualified financial reporting and accounting personnel with an appropriate knowledge under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”), and (ii) our lack of comprehensive accounting policies and procedures manual in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We are taking remedial measures to improve the effectiveness of our controls, including by hiring additional accounting and finance personnel and by seeking to engage an outside consultant. The existence of material weaknesses is an indication that there is a more than remote likelihood that a material misstatement of our financial statements will not be prevented or detected in a future period, and the process of designing and implementing effective internal controls and procedures will be a continual effort that may require us to expend significant resources to establish and maintain a system of controls that is adequate to satisfy our reporting obligations as a public company. We cannot assure you that the measures we take will be sufficient to remediate the material weaknesses identified by our management and BDO China or that we will implement and maintain adequate controls over our financial processes and reporting in the future in order to avoid additional material weaknesses or controlled deficiencies in our internal control over financing reporting. If our remediation efforts are not successful or other material weaknesses or control deficiencies occur in the future, we may be unable to report our financial results accurately or on a timely basis, which could cause our reported financial results to be materially misstated and result in the loss of investor confidence and cause the trading price of our ordinary shares to decline. Moreover, ineffective controls could significantly hinder our ability to prevent fraud.

Our internal controls over financial reporting may not be effective and our independent registered public accounting firm may not be able to certify as to their effectiveness, which could have a significant and adverse effect on our business and reputation.

Prior to our initial public offering in April 2021, we were a private company with limited accounting personnel and other resources with which to address our internal controls and procedures. We will be in a continuing process of developing, establishing, and maintaining internal controls and procedures that will allow our management to report on, and our independent registered public accounting firm to attest to, our internal controls over financial reporting if and when required to do so under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Although our independent registered public accounting firm is not required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act until the date we are no longer an emerging growth company and neither a large accelerated filer nor an accelerated filer, our management will be required to report on our internal controls over financial reporting under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. If we fail to achieve and maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, we would not be able to conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal controls over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. At such time, our independent registered public accounting firm may issue a report that is adverse in the event it is not satisfied with the level at which our controls are documented, designed or operating. Moreover, our testing, or the subsequent testing by our independent registered public accounting firm, may reveal other material weaknesses or that the material weaknesses described above have not been fully remediated. If we do not remediate the material weaknesses described above, or if other material weaknesses are identified or we are not able to comply with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in a timely manner, our reported financial results could be materially misstated or could subsequently require restatement, we could receive an adverse opinion regarding our internal controls over financial reporting from our independent registered public accounting firm and we could be subject to investigations or sanctions by regulatory authorities, which would require additional financial and management resources, and the market price of our ordinary shares could decline.

We are subject to various anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, and U.K., PRC and Indian anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws; any determination that we have violated such laws could damage our business and reputation, limit our ability to bid for certain business opportunities, and subject us to significant criminal and civil penalties, civil litigation (such as shareholder derivative suits), and commercial liabilities.

We are subject to anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws in the United States, United Kingdom, China, and India that prohibit certain improper payments made directly or indirectly to government departments, agencies, and instrumentalities; officials of those government departments, agencies, and instrumentalities; political parties and their officials; candidates for political office; officials of public international organizations; persons acting on behalf of the foregoing; and commercial counterparties. These laws include the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the PRC Criminal Law, the PRC Anti-Unfair Competition Law, the Prevention of Corruption Act 1988 of India, the Indian Penal Code, 1860, the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 and anti-corruption laws in various Indian states.

We are engaged in business in a number of countries that are regarded as posing significant risks of corruption. Of particular note, we conduct operations, have agreements with state-controlled enterprises and other third parties and make sales in the PRC, and we have research and development activities in India, each of which may be exposed to corruption risk. It is our policy to implement safeguards and procedures to prohibit these practices by our employees, officers, directors, or by third parties acting on our behalf. However, we cannot rule out the risk that any of our employees, officers, directors, or third parties acting on our behalf may engage in breaches of our policies or anti-corruption laws, for which we might be held responsible.

Allegations of violations of these anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws, and investigation into such allegations, could negatively affect our reputation, business, operating results, and financial condition. The violation of these laws may result in substantial monetary and even criminal sanctions, follow-on civil litigation (such as shareholder derivative suits), and monitoring of our compliance program by the United States or other governments, each of which could negatively affect our reputation, business, operating results, and financial condition. In addition, the United States or other governments may seek to hold us liable for violations of these laws committed by companies in which we invest or acquire.

The agreements governing the loan facilities we currently have contain restrictions and limitations that could significantly affect our ability to operate our business, raise capital, as well as significantly affect our liquidity, and therefore could adversely affect our results of operations.

We have incurred certain indebtedness under loan facilities with various lenders including Shenzhen Rural Commercial Bank (“SRCB”) and CRBZ.

Covenants governing our loan facilities with SRCB and CRBZ restrict, among other things, our ability to:

Historically, we have been subject to certain financial covenants from our lenders. Before we paid off our loan from CCB, our credit agreement with CCB required us to satisfy certain financial covenants, including periodic status reports and a debt to asset ratio of no more than seventy-five percent (75%). Our credit agreements with SRCB also require us to meet certain monthly revenue targets, each for a term of three years. These credit agreements require us to maintain monthly revenue at least RMB3.0 million (US$0.5 million). Such monthly revenue amounts shall be deposited into an account established by UTime SZ and under the supervision of SRCB. UTime SZ may withdraw funds from such account only after ensuring that the applicable principal and interest of the SRCB loans are paid off as they become due on a monthly basis. Apart from the aforementioned restriction, UTime SZ is able to fully control the funds in the supervision account. However, if UTime SZ fails to meet the minimum monthly revenue covenant in the credit agreement, SRCB shall have the right to raise the interest rate by 50% from the date of funding (i.e. July 16, 2021) or to accelerate the loan.

In addition to the above-mentioned financial covenants, the SRCB and CRBZ loan documents contain customary events of default, including but not limited to: non-payment of principal, interest and fees or other amounts; violation of covenants; inaccuracy of representations and warranties; and certain bankruptcy and other insolvency events. If UTime SZ is in breach of any of these credit agreements, the applicable lender shall have the right to dispose of the collateral in accordance with the law.

Our ability to comply with these and other provisions under our outstanding loans may be affected by events beyond our control. Although as of July 21, 2021, we believe we are in compliance with all of our loan covenants, such covenants and obligations are ongoing, and the breach of any such covenants or obligations not otherwise waived or cured could result in a default under the applicable debt obligations and could trigger acceleration of those obligations.

Any defaults under our loan arrangements could adversely affect our growth, our financial condition, our results of operations and our ability to make payments on our debt. The ability to make payments of principal and interest on indebtedness will depend on our financial condition, which is subject to general economic conditions, industry cycles and financial, business and other factors affecting our operations, many of which are beyond our control. If sufficient cash flow is not generated from operations to service such debt, we may be required, among other things, to:

Such measures might be insufficient to service the indebtedness. In addition, any such financing, refinancing or sale of assets may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. In addition, we may not be able to grow market share, take advantage of future opportunities or respond to competitive pressures or unanticipated requirements, which could negatively impact our business, operating results and financial condition.

Defaults under either of our loan agreements with each of SRCB and CRBZ could result in a substantial loss of our assets.

Historically, we have mortgaged our assets to obtain loans with various banking institutions. We have mortgaged our office owned by UTime SZ and pledged accounts receivables equal to RMB22,500,000 (US$3.4 million) owned by UTime SZ under our credit agreement with CCB, which was terminated in November 2020. Additionally, we have pledged accounts receivables due to UTime GZ between January 1, 2020 and July 1, 2021 from one of our customers, TCL Huizhou, pursuant to a factoring agreement with an affiliate of TCL Huizhou. We have mortgaged our office owned by UTime SZ under our credit agreement with CRBZ. See “Item 5. Operating And Financial Review And Prospects— Liquidity and Capital Resources — Financing Activities.”

A failure to repay any of the indebtedness under either of our loan agreements with SRCB or CRBZ as they become due or to otherwise comply with the covenants contained in any of such agreements could result in an event of default thereunder. If not cured or waived, an event of default under any of such agreements could enable the lender thereunder to declare all borrowings outstanding on such debt, together with accrued and unpaid interest and fees, to be due and payable and terminate all commitments to extend further credit. Such lenders could also elect to foreclose on our assets securing such debt. In such an event, the Company may not be able to refinance or repay all of its indebtedness, pay dividends or have sufficient liquidity to meet operating and capital expenditure requirements. Any such acceleration could cause us to lose a substantial portion of our assets and will substantially adversely affect our ability to continue our operations.

Controversies affecting China’s trade with the United States could harm our operations.

In July 2018 and again in September 2018, the United States imposed tariffs on a wide range of products and other goods from China. In May 2019, negotiations on tariffs and other trade matters between the United States and China came to a halt, and both sides escalated the trade dispute. In June 2019, trade talks resumed between the United States and China, and the United States indicated it would not impose additional tariffs at this time. Although negotiation resumed in the second half of 2019 between the United States and China and the two countries reached a trade deal in January 2020, it is possible the United States will impose additional tariffs. Given our major manufacturing in China, the imposition of tariffs by the United States presents negative effect for us. Tariffs that have already been announced and implemented have covered certain of our products. The trade controversy between the United States and China is still evolving, and we cannot predict future trade policy. However, future tariffs could cover more or all of our products, resulting in an adverse effect on our operations, including customer demand from the United States.

Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure

We are a holding company, and will rely on dividends paid by our subsidiaries for our cash needs. Any limitation on the ability of our subsidiaries to make dividend payments to us, or any tax implications of making dividend payments to us, could limit our ability to pay our parent company expenses or pay dividends to holders of our ordinary shares.

We are a holding company and conduct substantially all of our business through our operating subsidiaries, including limited liability companies established in China and in India. We will rely on dividends paid by our subsidiaries for our cash needs, including the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash distributions to our shareholders, to service any debt we may incur and to pay our operating expenses.

We rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our PRC Subsidiary to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our PRC Subsidiary to make payments to us could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business. If our PRC Subsidiary incurs debt on its own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict its ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to us. Under PRC laws and regulations, our PRC Subsidiary, which is a wholly foreign-owned enterprise, may pay dividends only out of its accumulated profits as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, a wholly foreign-owned enterprise is required to set aside at least 10% of its accumulated after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund a certain statutory reserve fund, until the aggregate amount of such fund reaches 50% of its registered capital. Such reserve funds cannot be distributed to us as dividends. At its discretion, a wholly foreign-owned enterprise may allocate a portion of its after-tax profits based on PRC accounting standards to an enterprise expansion fund, or a staff welfare and bonus fund.

Our PRC Subsidiary generates primarily all of its revenue in Renminbi, which is not freely convertible into other currencies. As result, any restriction on currency exchange may limit the ability of our PRC Subsidiary to use its Renminbi revenues to pay dividends to us. The PRC government may continue to strengthen its capital controls, and more restrictions and substantial vetting process may be put forward by State Administration of Foreign Exchange (the “SAFE”) for cross-border transactions falling under both the current account and the capital account. Any limitation on the ability of our PRC Subsidiary to pay dividends or make other kinds of payments to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends, or otherwise fund and conduct our business.

In addition, the Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules provide that a withholding tax rate of up to 10% will be applicable to dividends payable by Chinese companies to non-PRC-resident enterprises unless otherwise exempted or reduced according to treaties or arrangements between the PRC central government and governments of other countries or regions where the non-PRC resident enterprises are incorporated. Any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiary to pay dividends or make other distributions to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends, or otherwise fund and conduct our business.

With respect to Do Mobile, our Indian subsidiary, any limitation on declaration and payment of dividend may create a barrier for us to meet our cash and financing requirements and this could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business. As per the extant provisions of Indian laws and regulations, our Indian subsidiary (being a wholly foreign owned company), may pay dividends only out of its profits from the current year or previous years or its free reserves subject to the treatment and adjustment prescribed in applicable Indian law, i.e., the Companies Act, 2013. Pursuant to applicable Indian taxation law until March 31, 2020, it was necessary for our Indian subsidiary to pay tax on the dividend declared and distributed to the shareholders and, a non-resident shareholder of an Indian company was not liable to pay any tax in India on the dividends received by it. However, Finance Act, 2020 (which became effective on April 1, 2020) amends certain provisions relating to taxation of dividends declared by Indian companies, and provides that any distribution of dividend from April 1, 2020 onwards will only be subject to tax in the hands of the recipient shareholder and the Indian companies are not required to pay any tax on the dividend declared and distributed to the shareholders. Furthermore, non-resident shareholders would now be paying tax on the dividend income as per the rate prescribed under the relevant double taxation avoidance agreements or Indian law, whichever is more beneficial. The said amendments shall entitle foreign investors to claim credit in their country of residence of tax paid in India in respect of dividend distributed by domestic companies. The change in the tax regime by Indian Government regarding payment of taxes may increase tax burden in the hands of the parent company of our Indian Subsidiary.

Minfei Bao, our founder, chairman and chief executive officer, as well as Min He, one of our directors, will continue to have significant influence over us after our initial public offering, including control over decisions that require the approval of shareholders, which could limit your ability to influence the outcome of matters submitted to shareholders for a vote.

As of the date of this report, Minfei Bao beneficially owns 4,380,000 of our ordinary shares, or 52.98% of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares, through Grandsky Phoenix Limited, a British Virgin Islands company, of which Mr. Bao controls 100% of the equity interest. As of the date of this report, Min He, one of our directors, beneficially owns 137,793 of our ordinary shares, or 1.66% of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares through HMercury Capital Limited, a British Virgin Islands company, of which Mr. He is the controlling shareholder. Prior to our initial public offering, Mr. Bao and Mr. He, collectively controlled 100% of our outstanding ordinary shares. Immediately after our initial public offering, they collectively control approximately 54.64% of our outstanding ordinary shares. As long as Mr. Bao owns or controls a significant amount of our outstanding voting power of our ordinary shares, Mr. Bao, or Mr. Bao and Mr. He, if they act together, has or have the ability to exercise substantial control over all corporate actions requiring shareholder approval, irrespective of how our other shareholders may vote, including:

Moreover, beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares by Mr. Bao may also adversely affect the trading price of our ordinary shares on Nasdaq to the extent investors perceive disadvantages in owning shares of a company with a controlling shareholder. As a result, this concentration of ownership may not be in the best interests of our other shareholders.

We are a “controlled company” within the meaning of Nasdaq’s Rules and, as a result, may rely on exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements that provide protection to shareholders of other companies.

We are a “controlled company” as defined under Nasdaq’s Rules because Mr. Bao holds more than 50% of our voting power, and we continue to be a controlled company upon completion of our initial public offering. For so long as we remain a controlled company under that definition, we are permitted to elect to rely, and may rely, on certain exemptions from the obligation to comply with certain corporate governance requirements, including:

As a result, you will not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of the NASDAQ Stock Market Rules, if we utilize such exemptions. We currently do not intend to utilize the controlled company exemptions. To the extent we cease to qualify as a controlled company, we will no longer be able to rely on any of these exemptions.

Change in the tax regime in India will increase tax burden on us.

Bridgetime Limited holds 99.99% shareholding in Do Mobile in India. Until March 31, 2020, a non-resident shareholder of an Indian company was not liable to pay any tax in India on the dividends received by it. However, with the introduction of the Finance Act, 2020 (which became effective from April 1, 2020), non-resident shareholders will now be paying tax on the dividend income distributed by an Indian company from April 1, 2020 onwards as per the rate prescribed under the relevant double taxation avoidance agreements or Indian law, whichever is more beneficial. Accordingly, this will increase tax burden on Bridgetime Limited. Further, there are number of taxes and other levies imposed at the level of the Central Government and State Government in India. In addition to income tax, it includes: (i) goods and service tax; (ii) stamp duty charges; and (iii) surcharges and cess. These tax rates may increase in future creating more financial burden on Do Mobile and may affect the overall tax efficiency of Do Mobile. Additional tax exposure could adversely affect its business and results of operations.

We may become subject to taxation in the Cayman Islands, which would negatively affect our results.

We have received an undertaking from the Financial Secretary of the Cayman Islands that, in accordance with section 6 of the Tax Concessions Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands, until the date falling 20 years after October 15, 2018, being the date of such undertaking, no law which is enacted in the Cayman Islands imposing any tax to be levied on profits, income, gains or appreciations shall apply to us or our operations and, in addition, that no tax to be levied on profits, income, gains or appreciations or which is in the nature of estate duty or inheritance tax shall be payable (i) on or in respect of the shares, debentures or other obligations of our company or (ii) by way of the withholding in whole or in part of a payment of dividend or other distribution of income or capital by our company to its members or a payment of principal or interest or other sums due under a debenture or other obligation of our company. If we otherwise were to become subject to taxation in the Cayman Islands, our financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. See “Item 10.E. Taxation — Cayman Islands Taxation”.

We are subject to various changing laws and regulations regarding regulatory matters, corporate governance and public disclosure that have increased both our costs and the risk of non-compliance.

We are subject to rules and regulations by various governing bodies, including, for example, the SEC, which is charged with the protection of investors and the oversight of companies whose securities are publicly traded, and to new and evolving regulatory measures under applicable law. Our efforts to comply with new and changing laws and regulations have resulted in and are likely to continue to result in, increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities.

Moreover, because these laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance becomes available. This evolution may result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and additional costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to our disclosure and governance practices. If we fail to address and comply with these regulations and any subsequent changes, we may be subject to penalty and our business may be harmed.

Because we are incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands, you may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through the U.S. Federal courts may be limited.

We are a Cayman Islands exempted company with limited liability and substantially all of our assets will be located outside the United States. In addition, most of our directors and officers are nationals or residents of jurisdictions other than the United States and all or a substantial portion of their assets are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to effect service of process within the United States upon us or our directors or executive officers, or enforce judgments obtained in the United States courts against us or our directors or officers.

Further, mail addressed to us and received at our registered office will be forwarded unopened to the forwarding address supplied by our directors. Our directors will only receive, open or deal directly with mail which is addressed to them personally (as opposed to mail which is only addressed to us). We, our directors, officers, advisors or service providers (including the organization which provides registered office services in the Cayman Islands) will not bear any responsibility for any delay, howsoever caused, in mail reaching this forwarding address.

Our corporate affairs are governed by our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, the Companies Act (As Revised) (as the same may be supplemented or amended from time to time) and the common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take action against the directors, actions by minority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from English common law, the decisions of whose courts are of persuasive authority, but are not technically binding on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedent in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands has a less exhaustive body of securities laws as compared to the United States, and certain states, such as Delaware, have more fulsome and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law. As a result, there may be significantly less protection for investors than is available to investors in companies organized in the United States, particularly Delaware. In addition, Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholders’ derivative action in a Federal court of the United States.

The Cayman Islands courts are also unlikely:

In those circumstances, although there is no statutory enforcement in the Cayman Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, the courts of the Cayman Islands will recognize and enforce a foreign money judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits based on the principle that a judgment of a competent foreign court imposes upon the judgment debtor an obligation to pay the sum for which judgment has been given provided certain conditions are met. For a foreign judgment to be enforced in the Cayman Islands, such judgment must be final and conclusive and for a liquidated sum, and must not be in respect of taxes or a fine or penalty, inconsistent with a Cayman Islands judgment in respect of the same matter, impeachable on the grounds of fraud or obtained in a manner, and or be of a kind the enforcement of which is, contrary to natural justice or the public policy of the Cayman Islands (awards of punitive or multiple damages may well be held to be contrary to public policy). A Cayman Islands Court may stay enforcement proceedings if concurrent proceedings are being brought elsewhere.

Like many jurisdictions in the United States, in certain circumstances Cayman Islands law permits mergers and consolidations between Cayman Islands companies and between Cayman Islands companies and non-Cayman Islands companies (provided that is facilitated by the laws of that other jurisdiction) and any such company may be the surviving entity for the purposes of mergers or the consolidated company for the purposes of consolidations. For these purposes, (a) “merger” means the merging of two or more constituent companies and the vesting of their undertaking, property and liabilities in one of such companies as the surviving company and (b) a “consolidation” means the combination of two or more constituent companies into a consolidated company and the vesting of the undertaking, property and liabilities of such companies to the consolidated company. In order to effect such a merger or consolidation, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation, which must, in most instances, then be authorized by a special resolution (usually a majority of 66 2/3% in value) of the shareholders of each constituent company and such other authorization, if any, as may be specified in such constituent company’s articles of association. A merger between a Cayman parent company and its Cayman subsidiary or subsidiaries does not require authorization by a resolution of shareholders provided a copy of the plan of merger is given to every member of each subsidiary company to be merged (unless waived by such member). For this purpose a subsidiary is a company of which at least 90% of the votes cast at its general meeting are held by the parent company. The consent of each holder of a fixed or floating security interest over a constituent company is required unless this requirement is waived by a court in the Cayman Islands. The plan of merger or consolidation must be filed with the Registrar of Companies who, if satisfied that the requirements of the Companies Act (As Revised) which includes certain other formalities, have been complied with, will register it. The filing must include a declaration as to the solvency of the consolidated or surviving company, a list of the assets and liabilities of each constituent company and an undertaking that a copy of the certificate of merger or consolidation will be given to the members and creditors of each constituent company and published in the Cayman Islands Gazette. Dissenting shareholders have the right to be paid the fair value of their shares (which, if not agreed between the parties, will be determined by the Cayman Islands court) if they follow the required procedures, subject to certain exceptions. Court approval is not required for a merger or consolidation which is effected in compliance with these statutory procedures.

In addition, there are statutory provisions that facilitate the reconstruction and amalgamation of companies in certain circumstances, provided that the arrangement is approved by a majority in number of each class of shareholders and creditors with whom the arrangement is to be made, and who must in addition represent two-thirds in value of each such class of shareholders or creditors, as the case may be, that are present and voting either in person or by proxy at a meeting, or meetings, convened for that purpose. The convening of the meetings and subsequently the arrangement must be sanctioned by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands. While a dissenting shareholder has the right to express to the court the view that the transaction ought not be approved, the court can be expected to approve the arrangement if it determines that:

If the arrangement and reconstruction is approved, the dissenting shareholder would have no rights comparable to appraisal rights, which would otherwise ordinarily be available to dissenting shareholders of U.S. corporations, providing rights to receive payment in cash for the judicially determined value of the shares.

In addition, there are further statutory provisions to the effect that, when a take-over offer is made and approved by holders of 90.0% in value of the shares affected (within four months after the making of the offer), the offeror may, within two months following the expiry of such period, require the holders of the remaining shares to transfer such shares on the terms of the offer. An objection can be made to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands, but this is unlikely to succeed unless there is evidence of fraud, bad faith, collusion or inequitable treatment of shareholders.

Further, transactions similar to a merger, reconstruction and/or an amalgamation may in some circumstances be achieved through other means to these statutory provisions, such as a share capital exchange, asset acquisition or control, through contractual arrangements, of an operating business.

As a result of all of the above, public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by management, members of the board of directors or controlling shareholders than they would as public shareholders of a U.S. company.

Provisions of our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association or Cayman Islands law could delay or prevent an acquisition of our company, even if the acquisition may be beneficial to our shareholders, could make it more difficult for you to change management, and could have an adverse effect on the market price of our ordinary shares.

Provisions in our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a merger, acquisition or other change in control that shareholders may consider favorable, including transactions in which shareholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares. In addition, these provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempt by our shareholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult to replace or remove our board of directors. Such provisions may reduce the price that investors may be willing to pay for our ordinary shares in the future, which could reduce the market price of our ordinary shares. These provisions include:

If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating some of our operations in China do not comply with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.

We are a Cayman Islands exempted company and our PRC Subsidiary is considered foreign-invested enterprise. In December 2018, UTime HK established a wholly owned subsidiary in China, UTime WFOE, our wholly-owned foreign enterprise (“WFOE”). In March 2019, we obtained control over UTime SZ via our WFOE by entering into a series of contractual arrangements with UTime SZ, our VIE, and its shareholder. In August 2019, the amended and restated contractual agreements were entered into among UTime SZ, our VIE, and its shareholders, which were further amended and restated in September 2019.

Our WFOE has entered into a series of contractual arrangements with our VIE and its shareholders, respectively, which enable us to (i) exercise effective control over our VIE, (ii) receive substantially all of the economic benefits of our VIE, and (iii) have an exclusive option to purchase all or part of the equity interests and assets in our VIE when and to the extent permitted by PRC laws. As a result of these contractual arrangements, we have control over and are the primary beneficiary of our VIE and hence consolidate their financial results into our consolidated financial statements under U.S. GAAP. See “Item 4A. — History and Corporate Structure — Contractual Arrangements with the VIE and its Respective Shareholders” for further details.

In the opinion of B&D Law Firm, our PRC legal counsel, (i) the ownership structures of our VIE in China and our WFOE, both currently and immediately after giving effect to our initial public offering, comply with all existing PRC laws and regulations; and (ii) the contractual arrangements between our WFOE, our VIE and its shareholders governed by PRC law are valid, binding and enforceable, and will not result in any violation of PRC laws or regulations currently in effect. However, our PRC legal counsel has also advised us that there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current and future PRC laws, regulations and rules. Accordingly, the PRC regulatory authorities may take a view that is contrary to the opinion of our PRC legal counsel. It is uncertain whether any new PRC laws or regulations relating to variable interest entity structures will be adopted or if adopted, what they would provide. If we or our VIE is found to be in violation of any existing or future PRC laws or regulations, or fail to obtain or maintain any of the required permits or approvals, the relevant PRC regulatory authorities would have broad discretion to take action in dealing with such violations or failures, including:

The imposition of any of these penalties would result in a material and adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business. In addition, it is unclear what impact the PRC government actions would have on us and on our ability to consolidate the financial results of our VIE in our consolidated financial statements, if the PRC government authorities were to find our legal structure and contractual arrangements to be in violation of PRC laws and regulations. If the imposition of any of these government actions causes us to lose our right to direct the activities of our VIE or our right to receive substantially all the economic benefits and residual returns from our VIE and we are not able to restructure our ownership structure and operations in a satisfactory manner, we would no longer be able to consolidate the financial results of our VIE in our consolidated financial statements. Either of these results, or any other significant penalties that might be imposed on us in this event, would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We rely on contractual arrangements with our VIE and its shareholders for a large portion of our business operations, which may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing operational control.

We have relied and expect to continue to rely on contractual arrangements with our VIE and its shareholders to conduct certain of our key businesses. These contractual arrangements may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing us with control over our VIE. For example, our VIE and its shareholders could breach their contractual arrangements with us by, among other things, failing to conduct their operations in an acceptable manner or taking other actions that are detrimental to our interests.

If we had direct ownership of our VIE, we would be able to exercise our rights as a shareholder to effect changes in the board of directors of our VIE, which in turn could implement changes, subject to any applicable fiduciary obligations, at the management and operational level. However, under the current contractual arrangements, we rely on the performance by our VIE and its shareholders of their obligations under the contracts to exercise control over our VIE. However, the shareholders of our consolidated VIE may not act in the best interests of our Company or may not perform their obligations under these contracts. Such risks exist throughout the period in which we intend to operate certain portions of our business through the contractual arrangements with our VIE. If any disputes relating to these contracts remains unresolved, we will have to enforce our rights under these contracts through the operations of PRC laws and arbitration, litigation and other legal proceedings and therefore will be subject to uncertainties in the PRC legal system. Therefore, our contractual arrangements with our VIE may not be as effective in ensuring our control over the relevant portion of our business operations as direct ownership would be.

Any failure by our VIE or its shareholders to perform their obligations under our contractual arrangements with them would have a material and adverse effect on our business.

We refer to the shareholders of our VIE as its nominee shareholders because although they remain the holders of equity interests on record in our VIE, pursuant to the terms of the relevant power of attorney, such shareholders have irrevocably authorized our WFOE or any individual duly appointed by WFOE to exercise their rights as a shareholder of the relevant VIE. However, if our VIE or its shareholders fail to perform their respective obligations under the contractual arrangements, we may have to incur substantial costs and expend additional resources to enforce such arrangements. We may also have to rely on legal remedies under PRC laws, including seeking specific performance or injunctive relief, and claiming damages, which we cannot assure, will be effective under PRC law. For example, if the shareholders of our VIE refuse to transfer their equity interest in our VIE to us or our designee if we exercise the purchase option pursuant to these contractual arrangements, or if they otherwise act in bad faith toward us, then we may have to take legal actions to compel them to perform their contractual obligations.

Our contractual arrangements are governed by PRC laws. Accordingly, these contracts would be interpreted in accordance with PRC laws, and any disputes would be resolved in accordance with PRC legal procedures, which may not protect you as much as those of other jurisdictions, such as the United States.

All of the agreements under our contractual arrangements are governed by PRC laws and provide for the resolution of disputes through arbitration in China. Accordingly, these contracts would be interpreted in accordance with PRC laws and any disputes would be resolved in accordance with PRC legal procedures. The legal system in the PRC is not as developed as in some other jurisdictions, such as the United States. As a result, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit our ability to enforce these contractual arrangements. See “Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system and changes in laws and regulations in China could adversely affect us.” Meanwhile, there is very little precedent and formal guidance as to how contractual arrangements in the context of a VIE should be interpreted or enforced under PRC laws. There remain significant uncertainties regarding the ultimate outcome of such arbitration should legal action become necessary. In addition, under PRC laws, rulings by arbitrators are final, parties cannot appeal the arbitration results in courts, and if the losing parties fail to carry out the arbitration awards within a prescribed time limit, the prevailing parties may only enforce the arbitration awards in PRC courts through arbitration award recognition proceedings, which would require additional expenses and delay. In the event we are unable to enforce these contractual arrangements, or if we suffer significant delays or other obstacles in the process of enforcing these contractual arrangements, we may not be able to exert effective control over our VIE, and our ability to conduct our business may be negatively affected.

PRC regulation of loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies to PRC entities may delay or prevent us from making loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC operating subsidiaries.

As an offshore holding company of our PRC Subsidiary, we may make loans to our PRC Subsidiary, our VIE and the VIE’s subsidiaries, or may make additional capital contributions to our PRC Subsidiary, subject to satisfaction of applicable governmental registration and approval requirements.

Any loans we extend to our PRC Subsidiary, which are treated as foreign-invested enterprises under PRC law, cannot exceed the statutory limit and must be registered with the local counterpart of the SAFE.

We may also decide to finance our PRC Subsidiary by means of capital contributions. According to the relevant PRC regulations on foreign-invested enterprises in China, these capital contributions are subject to registration with or approval by local Administration for Market Regulation (“AMR”). In addition, the PRC government also restricts the convertibility of foreign currencies into Renminbi and use of the proceeds. On March 30, 2015, SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital of Foreign-invested Enterprises, or SAFE Circular 19, which took effect and replaced certain previous SAFE regulations from June 1, 2015. SAFE further promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital Account, or SAFE Circular 16, effective on June 9, 2016, which, among other things, amend certain provisions of SAFE Circular 19. According to SAFE Circular 19 and SAFE Circular 16, the flow and use of the Renminbi capital converted from foreign currency denominated registered capital of a foreign-invested company is regulated such that Renminbi capital may not be used for business beyond its business scope or to provide loans to persons other than affiliates unless otherwise permitted under its business scope. Violations of the applicable circulars and rules may result in severe penalties, including substantial fines as set forth in the Foreign Exchange Administration Regulations. If our VIE requires financial support from us or our WOS in the future and we find it necessary to use foreign currency-denominated capital to provide such financial support, our ability to fund our VIE’s operations will be subject to statutory limits and restrictions, including those described above. These circulars may limit our ability to transfer any foreign currency we hold, including the net proceeds from our initial public offering, to our VIE and our PRC subsidiary, which may adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business in China. Despite the restrictions under these SAFE circulars, our PRC Subsidiary may use its income in Renminbi generated from their operations to finance the VIE through entrustment loans to the VIE or loans to the VIE’s shareholders for the purpose of making capital contributions to the VIE. In addition, our PRC Subsidiary can use Renminbi funds converted from foreign currency registered capital to carry out any activities within their normal course of business and business scope. On October 23, 2019, the SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Further Promoting the Convenience of Cross-border Trade and Investment, or the SAFE Circular 28, which, among other things, allows all foreign-invested companies to use Renminbi converted from foreign currency-denominated capital for equity investments in China, as long as the equity investment is genuine, does not violate applicable laws, and complies with the negative list on foreign investment.

In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, with respect to future loans to our PRC Subsidiary or our VIE or future capital contributions by us to our PRC Subsidiary. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain such approvals, our ability to use the proceeds we expect to receive from our initial public offering and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operations may be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.

The shareholders of our VIE may have potential conflicts of interest with us, which may materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition.

As of the date of this report, Mr. Bao and Mr. He hold 96.95% and 3.05% equity interest in UTime SZ, respectively. The shareholders of our VIE may have potential conflicts of interest with us. The shareholders may breach, or cause our VIE to breach, or refuse to renew, the existing contractual arrangements we have with them and our VIE, which would have a material and adverse effect on our ability to effectively control our VIE and receive economic benefits from it. For example, the shareholders may be able to cause our agreements with our VIE to be performed in a manner adverse to us by, among other things, failing to remit payments due under the contractual arrangements to us on a timely basis. We cannot assure you that when conflicts of interest arise the shareholders will act in the best interests of our Company or such conflicts will be resolved in our favor. Currently, we do not have any arrangements to address potential conflicts of interest between the shareholders and our Company. If we cannot resolve any conflict of interest or dispute between us and the shareholders, we would have to rely on legal proceedings, which could result in disruption of our business and subject us to substantial uncertainty as to the outcome of any such legal proceedings.

The shareholders of our VIE may be involved in personal disputes with third parties or other incidents that may have an adverse effect on their equity interests in our VIE and the validity or enforceability of our contractual arrangements with our VIE and its shareholder. For example, in the event that one of the shareholders of our VIE divorces his spouse, the spouse may claim that the equity interest of our VIE held by such shareholder is part of their community property and should be divided between such shareholder and his spouse. If such claim is supported by the court, the relevant equity interest may be obtained by the shareholder’s spouse or any third party who is not subject to obligations under our contractual arrangements, which could result in a loss of our effective control over the VIE. Similarly, if any of the equity interests of our VIE is inherited by a third party on whom the current contractual arrangements are not binding, we could lose our control over the VIE or have to maintain such control by incurring unpredictable costs, which could cause significant disruption to our business and operations and harm our financial condition and results of operations.

Although under our current contractual arrangements, each of the spouses of Mr. Bao and Mr. He have executed spousal consent letters, under which each of them agreed that she will not take any actions or raise any claims to interfere with the performance by her spouse of the obligations under these contractual arrangements, including claiming community property ownership on the equity interest, and renounce any and all right and interest related to the equity interest that she may be entitled to under applicable laws. We cannot assure you that these undertakings and arrangements will be complied with or effectively enforced. In the event that any of them is breached or becomes unenforceable and leads to legal proceedings, it could disrupt our business, distract our management’s attention and subject us to substantial uncertainties as to the outcome of any such legal proceedings.

Contractual arrangements in relation to our VIE may be subject to scrutiny by the PRC tax authorities and they may determine that we or our VIE owes additional taxes, which could negatively affect our financial condition and the value of your investment.

Under applicable PRC laws and regulations, arrangements and transactions among related parties may be subject to audit or challenge by the PRC tax authorities. We could face material and adverse tax consequences if the PRC tax authorities determine that the VIE contractual arrangements were not entered into on an arm’s length basis in such a way as to result in an impermissible reduction in taxes under applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations, and adjust the income of our VIE in the form of a transfer pricing adjustment. A transfer pricing adjustment could, among other things, result in a reduction of expense deductions recorded by our VIE for PRC tax purposes, which could in turn increase its tax liabilities without reducing our WFOE’s tax expenses. In addition, the PRC tax authorities may impose late payment fees and other penalties on our VIE for the adjusted but unpaid taxes according to the applicable regulations. Our financial position could be materially and adversely affected if our VIE’s tax liabilities increase or if it is required to pay late payment fees and other penalties.

We may lose the ability to use and enjoy assets held by our VIE that are material to the operation of certain portion of our business if our VIE goes bankrupt or becomes subject to a dissolution or liquidation proceeding.

As part of our contractual arrangements with our VIE, our VIE and its subsidiaries hold certain assets that are material to the operation of certain portion of our business, including intellectual property and premise. If our VIE goes bankrupt and all or part of its assets become subject to liens or rights of third-party creditors, we may be unable to continue some or all of our business activities, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Under the contractual arrangements, our VIE may not, in any manner, sell, transfer, mortgage or dispose of its assets or legal or beneficial interests in the business without our prior consent. However, in the event that the shareholders breach this obligation and voluntarily liquidate our VIE, or our VIE declares bankruptcy, or all or part of its assets become subject to liens or rights of third-party creditors, we may be unable to continue some or all of our operations, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, if our VIE or its subsidiaries undergo a voluntary or involuntary liquidation proceeding, its shareholders or unrelated third-party creditors may claim rights to some or all of its assets, hindering our ability to operate our business, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our current corporate structure and business operations may be affected by the newly enacted Foreign Investment Law.

On March 15, 2019, the National People’s Congress approved the Foreign Investment Law, which took effect on January 1, 2020. On December 26, 2019, the Regulation on the Implementation of the Foreign Investment Law of the People’s Republic of China, was issued by the State Council and came into force on January 1, 2020. The Foreign Investment Law defines the “foreign investment” as the investment activities in China conducted directly or indirectly by foreign investors in the following manners: (i) a foreign investor, individually or collectively with other investors establishes a foreign-invested enterprise within China; (ii) a foreign investor acquires stock shares, equity shares, shares in assets, or other like rights and interests of an enterprise within China; (iii) a foreign investor, individually or collectively with other investors, invests and establishes new projects within China; and (iv) a foreign investor invests through other approaches as stipulated by laws, administrative regulations, or otherwise regulated by the State Council. Since the Foreign Investment Law is relatively new, uncertainties exist in relation to its interpretation and implementation. The Foreign Investment Law does not explicitly classify whether variable interest entities that are controlled through contractual arrangements would be deemed as foreign invested enterprises if they are ultimately “controlled” by foreign investors. However, it has a catch-all provision under definition of “foreign investment” that includes investments made by foreign investors in China through other means as provided by laws, administrative regulations or the State Council. The Foreign Investment Law still leaves leeway for future laws, administrative regulations or provisions of the State Council to provide for contractual arrangements as a form of foreign investment. Therefore, there can be no assurance that our control over our VIE through contractual arrangements will not be deemed as foreign investment in the future.

The Foreign Investment Law grants national treatment to foreign-invested entities, except for those foreign-invested entities that operate in industries specified as either “restricted” or “prohibited” from foreign investment in a “negative list”. The Foreign Investment Law provides that foreign-invested entities operating in “restricted” or “prohibited” industries will require market entry clearance and other approvals from relevant PRC government authorities. On June 23, 2020, the Ministry of Commerce of the PRC (the “MOFCOM”) and the National Development and Reform Commission (the “NDRC”) jointly issued the latest version of Negative List (Edition 2020), which became effective on July 23, 2020. See “Regulations — Regulations relating to Foreign Investment — The Guidance Catalogue of Industries for Foreign Investment”. Currently, our business related to the operation of designing, manufacturing and marketing mobile communication devices, and selling a variety of related accessories falls within the permitted category. However, we cannot assure you that our current operations or any newly-developed business in the future will still deemed to be “permitted” in the “negative list”, which may be promulgated or be amended from time to time by the MOFCOM and the NDRC. If our control over our VIE through contractual arrangements are deemed as foreign investment in the future, and any business of our VIE is “restricted” or “prohibited” from foreign investment under the “negative list” promulgated or amended in the future, we may be deemed to be in violation of the Foreign Investment Law, the contractual arrangements that allow us to have control over our VIE may be deemed as invalid and illegal, and we may be required to unwind such contractual arrangements and/or restructure our business operations, any of which may have a material adverse effect on our business operation.

Furthermore, if future laws, administrative regulations or provisions mandate further actions to be taken by companies with respect to existing contractual arrangements, we may face substantial uncertainties as to whether we can complete such actions in a timely manner, or at all. Failure to take timely and appropriate measures to cope with any of these or similar regulatory compliance challenges could materially and adversely affect our current corporate structure and business operations.

Risks Related to Doing Business in China

Changes in China’s economic, political or social conditions or government policies could have a material adverse effect on our business and operations.

Substantially most of our assets and operations are located in China. Accordingly, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may be influenced to a significant degree by political, economic and social conditions in China generally. The Chinese economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including the level of government involvement, level of development, growth rate, control of foreign exchange and allocation of resources. Although the Chinese government has implemented measures emphasizing the utilization of market forces for economic reform, the reduction of state ownership of productive assets, and the establishment of improved corporate governance in business enterprises, a substantial portion of productive assets in China is still owned by the government. In addition, the Chinese government continues to play a significant role in regulating industry development by imposing industrial policies. The Chinese government also exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through allocating resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy, and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies.

While the Chinese economy has experienced significant growth over the past decades, growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy, and the rate of growth has been slowing since 2012. Any adverse changes in economic conditions in China, in the policies of the Chinese government or in the laws and regulations in China could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China. Such developments could adversely affect our business and operating results, lead to reduction in demand for our services and adversely affect our competitive position. The Chinese government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources. Some of these measures may benefit the overall Chinese economy, but may have a negative effect on us. For example, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations. In addition, in the past the Chinese government has implemented certain measures, including interest rate adjustment, to control the pace of economic growth. These measures may cause decreased economic activity in China, which may adversely affect our business and operating results.

Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system and changes in laws and regulations in China could adversely affect us.

We conduct our business primarily through our PRC Subsidiary, VIE and UTime GZ in China. Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. Our PRC Subsidiary, VIE and UTime GZ are subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investment in China. The PRC legal system is a civil law system based on written statutes. Unlike the common law system, prior court decisions under the civil law system may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. In addition, any new or changes in PRC laws and regulations related to foreign investment in China could affect the business environment and our ability to operate our business in China.

From time to time, we may have to resort to administrative and court proceedings to enforce our legal rights. Any administrative and court proceedings in China may be protracted, resulting in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. Since PRC administrative and court authorities have significant discretion in interpreting and implementing statutory provisions and contractual terms, it may be more difficult to evaluate the outcome of administrative and court proceedings and the level of legal protection we enjoy than in more developed legal systems. These uncertainties may impede our ability to enforce the contracts into which we have entered and could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Furthermore, the PRC legal system is based in part on government policies and internal rules, some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all and may have retroactive effect. As a result, we may not be aware of our violation of any of these policies and rules until sometime after the violation. Such unpredictability towards our contractual, property and procedural rights could adversely affect our business and impede our ability to continue our operations.

Changes in international trade policies, trade dispute or the emergence of a trade war, may have a material adverse effect on our business.

Political events, international trade disputes, and other business interruptions could harm or disrupt international commerce and the global economy, and could have a material adverse effect on us and our customers, service providers, network carriers and other partners.

International trade disputes could result in tariffs and other protectionist measures that could adversely affect our business. Tariffs could increase the cost of the goods and products which could affect consumers’ discretionary spending levels and therefore adversely impact our business. In addition, political uncertainty surrounding international trade disputes and the potential of the escalation to trade war and global recession could have a negative effect on consumer confidence, which could adversely affect our business.

There are significant uncertainties under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law relating to the withholding tax liabilities of our PRC Subsidiary, and dividends payable by our PRC Subsidiary to our offshore subsidiaries may not qualify to enjoy certain treaty benefits.

We are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands and as such rely on dividends and other distributions on equity from our PRC Subsidiary to satisfy part of our liquidity requirements. Pursuant to the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, a withholding tax rate of 10% currently applies to dividends paid by a PRC “resident enterprise” to a foreign enterprise investor, unless any such foreign investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that provides for preferential tax treatment.

Pursuant to the Arrangement between the Mainland China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Tax Evasion on Income, or the Double Tax Avoidance Arrangement came into effect on December 8, 2006, and four conventions implemented as of June 11, 2008, December 20, 2010, December 29, 2015 and December 6, 2019, such withholding tax rate may be lowered to 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise owns no less than 25% of a PRC enterprise. Under the Circular on Certain Issues with Respect to the Enforcement of Dividend Provisions in Tax Treaties issued in February 2009 by the SAT, the taxpayer needs to satisfy certain conditions to enjoy the benefits under a tax treaty. These conditions include: (i) the taxpayer must be the beneficial owner of the relevant dividends, and (ii) the corporate shareholder to receive dividends from the PRC Subsidiary must have met the direct ownership thresholds during the 12 consecutive months preceding the receipt of the dividends. However, if the main purpose of an offshore arrangement is to obtain a preferential tax treatment, the PRC tax authorities have the discretion to adjust the preferential tax rate enjoyed by the relevant offshore entity. Further, the SAT promulgated the Notice on How to Understand and Recognize the “Beneficial Owner” in Tax Treaties in 2009, which limits the “beneficial owner” to individuals, enterprises or other organizations normally engaged in substantive operations, and sets forth certain detailed factors in determining “beneficial owner” status; and based on the Announcement on Certain Issues with Respect to the “Beneficial Owner” in Tax Treaties, issued on February 3, 2018, and effective on April 1, 2018, that the business activities conducted by the applicant do not constitute substantive business activities is one of the factors which are not conductive to the determination of an applicant’s status as a “beneficial owner”.

In addition, the Administrative Measures for Non-Resident Enterprises to Enjoy Treatments under Tax Treaties, or SAT Public Notice No.60, which became effective in August 2015, require non-resident enterprises to determine whether they are qualified to enjoy the preferential tax treatment under the tax treaties and file relevant report and materials with the tax authorities. In October 2019, the State Administration of Taxation (SAT) issued the Announcement of the SAT on Issuing the Measures for the Administration of Non-resident Taxpayers’ Enjoyment of Treaty Benefits (SAT Public Notice No.35), which took effect on January 1, 2020, while SAT Public Notice No.60 will be abolished at the same time. SAT Public Notice No.35 stipulates that non-resident taxpayers can enjoy tax treaty benefits via the “self-assessment of eligibility, claiming treaty benefits, retaining documents for inspection” mechanism. There are also other conditions for enjoying the reduced withholding tax rate according to other relevant tax rules and regulations. As of March 31, 2021 and 2020, we did not record any withholding tax on the retained earnings of our subsidiaries in the PRC as we intended to re-invest all earnings generated from our PRC Subsidiary for the operation and expansion of our business in China, and we intend to continue this practice in the foreseeable future. Should our tax policy change to allow for offshore distribution of our earnings, we would be subject to a significant withholding tax. We cannot assure you that our determination regarding our qualification to enjoy the preferential tax treatment will not be challenged by the relevant tax authority or we will be able to complete the necessary filings with the relevant tax authority and enjoy the preferential withholding tax rate of 5% under the Double Taxation Arrangement with respect to dividends to be paid by our PRC Subsidiary to UTime HK, our Hong Kong subsidiary.

We, or entities who provide services to us or with whom we associate, are not permitted to be subject to inspection by the U.S. federal or state regulators such as PCAOB, and therefore, our investors may be deprived of the benefits of such inspection. Additionally, we could be delisted if we are unable to meet the PCAOB inspection requirements in time.

Any disclosure of documents or information located in China by foreign agencies may be subject to jurisdiction constraints and must comply with China’s state secrecy laws, which broadly define the scope of “state secrets” to include matters involving economic interests and technologies. There is no guarantee that requests from U.S. federal or state regulators or agencies to investigate or inspect our operations will be honored by us, by entities, who provide services to us or with whom we associate, without violating PRC legal requirements, especially as those entities are located in China. Furthermore, under the current PRC laws, an on-site inspection of our facilities by any of the U.S. regulators may be limited or prohibited.

Our independent registered public accounting firm that issues the audit report included in this annual report filed with the SEC, as an auditor of companies that are traded publicly in the United States and a firm registered with the PCAOB is required by the laws of the United States to undergo regular inspections by PCAOB to assess its compliance with the laws of the United States and professional standards. Because our auditor is located in China, a jurisdiction where PCAOB is currently unable to conduct inspections without the approval of the PRC authorities, our auditor, like other independent registered public accounting firms operating in China, is currently not inspected by PCAOB.

In May 2013, the PCAOB announced that it had entered into a Memorandum of Understanding on Enforcement Cooperation with the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or CSRC, and the PRC Ministry of Finance, which establishes a cooperative framework between the parties for the production and exchange of audit documents relevant to investigations undertaken by the PCAOB, the CSRC or the PRC Ministry of Finance in the United States and the PRC, respectively. The PCAOB continues to be in discussions with the CSRC, and the PRC Ministry of Finance to permit joint inspections in the PRC of audit firms that are registered with PCAOB and audit Chinese companies that trade on U.S. exchanges. On December 7, 2018, the SEC and the PCAOB issued a joint statement highlighting continued challenges faced by the U.S. regulators in their oversight of financial statement audits of U.S.-listed companies with significant operations in China. However, it remains unclear what further actions, if any, the SEC and the PCAOB will take to address the problem.

On April 21, 2020, SEC Chairman Jay Clayton and PCAOB Chairman William D. Duhnke III, along with other senior SEC staff, released a joint statement highlighting the risks associated with investing in companies based in or have substantial operations in emerging markets including China, reiterating past SEC and PCAOB statements on matters including the difficulty associated with inspecting accounting firms and audit work papers in China and higher risks of fraud in emerging markets and the difficulty of bringing and enforcing SEC, Department of Justice and other U.S. regulatory actions, including in instances of fraud, in emerging markets generally. However, it remains unclear what further actions, if any, the SEC and the PCAOB will take to address these problems. Inspections of other firms that PCAOB has conducted outside of China have identified deficiencies in those firms’ audit procedures and quality control procedures, which may be addressed as part of the inspection process to improve future audit quality.

On August 6, 2020, the President’s Working Group on Financial Markets (“PWG”) released a report recommending that the SEC take steps to implement the five recommendations outlined in the report. In particular, to address companies from jurisdictions that do not provide the PCAOB with sufficient access to fulfill its statutory mandate, or Non-Cooperating Jurisdictions (“NCJs”), the PWG recommends enhanced listing standards on U.S. stock exchanges. This would require, as a condition to initial and continued exchange listing, PCAOB access to work papers of the principal audit firm for the audit of the listed company. Companies unable to satisfy this standard as a result of governmental restrictions on access to audit work papers and practices in NCJs may satisfy this standard by providing a co-audit from an audit firm with comparable resources and experience where the PCAOB determines it has sufficient access to audit work papers and practices to conduct an appropriate inspection of the co-audit firm. The report permits the new listing standards to provide for a transition period until January 1, 2022 for listed companies, but would apply immediately to new listings once the necessary rulemakings and/or standard-setting are effective. The measures in the PWG Report are presumably subject to the standard SEC rulemaking process before becoming effective. On August 10, 2020, the SEC announced that SEC Chairman had directed the SEC staff to prepare proposals in response to the PWG Report, and that the SEC was soliciting public comments and information with respect to these proposals. After we are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, if we fail to meet the new listing standards before the deadline specified thereunder due to factors beyond our control, we could face possible de-listing from the Nasdaq Capital Market, deregistration from the SEC and/or other risks, which may materially and adversely affect, or effectively terminate, our ordinary shares trading in the United States.

The inability of PCAOB to conduct inspections of independent registered public accounting firms operating in China makes it more difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of our auditor’s audit procedures or quality control procedures. As a result, investors may be deprived of the benefits of PCAOB inspections.

As part of a continued regulatory focus in the United States on access to audit and other information currently protected by national law, in particular China’s, in June 2019, a bipartisan group of lawmakers introduced bills in both houses of the U.S. Congress, which if passed, would require the SEC to maintain a list of issuers for which PCAOB is not able to inspect or investigate an auditor report issued by a foreign public accounting firm. The proposed Ensuring Quality Information and Transparency for Abroad-Based Listings on our Exchanges (EQUITABLE) Act prescribes increased disclosure requirements for these issuers and, beginning in 2025, the delisting from U.S. national securities exchanges of issuers included on the SEC’s list for three consecutive years. On May 20, 2020 and December 2, 2020, the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives, respectively, passed S. 945, the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the “Kennedy Bill.” U.S. President Donald J. Trump signed into law on December 18, 2020 the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, which will require the SEC to propose rules within 90 days after its enactment to prohibit securities of any registrant from being listed on any of the U.S. securities exchanges or traded “over the counter” if the auditor of the registrant’s financial statements is not subject to PCAOB inspection for three consecutive years after the law becomes effective. We could be delisted if we are unable to cure the situation to meet the PCAOB inspection requirement in time. On July 21, 2020, the U.S. House of Representatives approved its version of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, which contains provisions comparable to the Kennedy Bill. These bills amend the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 to direct the SEC to prohibit securities of any registrant from being listed on any of the U.S. securities exchanges or traded “over-the-counter” if the auditor of the registrant’s financial statements is not subject to PCAOB inspection for three consecutive years after the law becomes effective. Enactment of this legislation or other efforts to increase U.S. regulatory access to audit information could cause investor uncertainty for affected issuers, including us, and the market price of our ordinary shares could be adversely affected, and we could be delisted if we are unable to cure the situation to meet the PCAOB inspection requirement in time. Furthermore, there have been recent media reports on deliberations within the U.S. government regarding potentially limiting or restricting China-based companies from accessing U.S. capital markets. If any such deliberations were to materialize, the resulting legislation may have a material and adverse impact on the stock performance of China-based issuers listed in the United States, including ours.

You may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing actions in China against us or our management named in this report based on foreign laws.

We are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands, we conduct substantially most of our operations in China and substantially most of our assets are located in China. In addition, most of our senior executive officers reside within China for a significant portion of the time and most are PRC nationals. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process upon us or those persons inside mainland China. It may also be difficult for you to enforce in U.S. courts judgments obtained in U.S. courts based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our officers and directors who reside and whose assets are located outside the United States. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the Cayman Islands or the PRC would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts against us or such persons predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state.

The recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments are provided for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law. PRC courts may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRC Civil Procedures Law based either on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on principles of reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have any treaties or other forms of reciprocity with the United States that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. In addition, according to the PRC Civil Procedures Law, the PRC courts will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violates the basic principles of PRC laws or national sovereignty, security or public interest. As a result, it is uncertain whether and on what basis a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by a court in the United States.

See also “Risks Related to our Corporate Structure — Because we are incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands, you may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through the U.S. Federal courts may be limited” for risks associated with investing in us as a Cayman Islands company.

There are uncertainties under the PRC laws relating to the procedures for U.S. regulators to investigate and collect evidence from companies located in the PRC.

According to Article 177 of the newly amended PRC Securities Law which became effective in March 2020 (the “Article 177”), the securities regulatory authority of the PRC State Council may collaborate with securities regulatory authorities of other countries or regions in order to monitor and oversee cross border securities activities. Article 177 further provides that overseas securities regulatory authorities are not allowed to carry out investigation and evidence collection directly within the territory of the PRC, and that any Chinese entities and individuals are not allowed to provide documents or materials related to securities business activities to overseas agencies without prior consent of the securities regulatory authority of the PRC State Council and the competent departments of the PRC State Council.

Our PRC counsel has advised us of their understanding that (i) the Article 177 is applicable in the limited circumstances related to direct investigation or evidence collection conducted by overseas authorities within the territory of the PRC (in such case, the foregoing activities are required to be conducted through collaboration with or by obtaining prior consent of competent Chinese authorities); (ii) from the view of the internal logical relations of the Article 177, it seems that the Article 177 does not limit or prohibit the Company, as a company duly incorporated in Cayman Islands and to be listed on NASDAQ, from providing the required documents or information to NASDAQ or the SEC pursuant to applicable Listing Rules and U.S. securities laws; and (iii) as the Article 177 is relatively new and there is no implementing rules or regulations which have been published regarding application of the Article 177, it remains unclear how the law will be interpreted, implemented or applied by the Chinese Securities Regulatory Commission or other relevant government authorities. As of the date hereof, we are not aware of any implementing rules or regulations which have been published regarding application of Article 177. However, we cannot assure you that relevant PRC government agencies, including the securities regulatory authority of the PRC State Council, would reach the same conclusion as we do. As such, there are uncertainties as to the procedures and time requirement for the U.S. regulators to bring about investigations and evidence collection within the territory of the PRC.

Our principal business operation is conducted in the PRC. In the event that the U.S. regulators carry out investigation on us and there is a need to conduct investigation or collect evidence within the territory of the PRC, the U.S. regulators may not be able to carry out such investigation or evidence collection directly in the PRC under the PRC laws. The U.S. regulators may consider cross-border cooperation with securities regulatory authority of the PRC by way of judicial assistance, diplomatic channels or regulatory cooperation mechanism established with the securities regulatory authority of the PRC. However, there is no assurance that the U.S. regulators could succeed in establishing such cross-border cooperation in a specific case or could establish the cooperation in a timely manner. If U.S. regulators are unable to conduct such investigations, such U.S. regulators may determine to suspend and ultimately delist our ordinary shares from the Nasdaq Capital Market or choose to suspend or de-register our SEC registration.

Fluctuations in exchange rates could have a material and adverse effect on our results of operations and the value of your investment.

The conversion of Renminbi into foreign currencies, including U.S. dollars, is based on rates set by the People’s Bank of China. The Renminbi has fluctuated against the U.S. dollar, at times significantly and unpredictably. The value of Renminbi against the U.S. dollar and other currencies is affected by changes in China’s political and economic conditions and by China’s foreign exchange policies, among other things. We cannot assure you that Renminbi will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the future. It is difficult to predict how market forces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between Renminbi and the U.S. dollar in the future.

Significant revaluation of the Renminbi may have a material and adverse effect on your investment. For example, to the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars we receive from our initial public offering into Renminbi for our operations, appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the Renminbi amount we would receive from the conversion. Conversely, if we decide to convert our Renminbi into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Renminbi would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us.

Very limited hedging options are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to foreign currency exchange risk. While we may decide to enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these hedges may be limited and we may not be able to adequately hedge our exposure or at all. In addition, our currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrict our ability to convert Renminbi into foreign currency.

Governmental control of currency conversion may limit our ability to utilize our net revenues effectively and affect the value of your investment.

The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the Renminbi into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out of China. We receive substantially all of our revenues in Renminbi. Under our current corporate structure, our Cayman Islands exempted company primarily relies on dividend payments from our PRC Subsidiary to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, payments of current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, can be made in foreign currencies without prior approval of SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. Specifically, under the existing exchange restrictions, without prior approval of SAFE, cash generated from the operations of our PRC Subsidiary in China may be used to pay dividends to our company. However, approval from or registration with appropriate government authorities is required where Renminbi is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies. As a result, we need to obtain SAFE approval to use cash generated from the operations of our PRC Subsidiary, VIE and UTime GZ to pay off their respective debt in a currency other than Renminbi owed to entities outside China, or to make other capital expenditure payments outside China in a currency other than Renminbi.

In light of the flood of capital outflows of China in 2016 due to the weakening RMB, the PRC government has imposed more restrictive foreign exchange policies and stepped up scrutiny of major outbound capital movement including overseas direct investment. More restrictions and substantial vetting process are put in place by SAFE to regulate cross-border transactions falling under the capital account. If any of our shareholders regulated by such policies fails to satisfy the applicable overseas direct investment filing or approval requirement timely or at all, it may be subject to penalties from the relevant PRC authorities. The PRC government may at its discretion further restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. If the foreign exchange control system prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currencies to satisfy our foreign currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to our shareholders.

China’s M&A Rules and certain other PRC regulations establish complex procedures for some acquisitions of PRC companies by foreign investors, which could make it more difficult for us to pursue growth through acquisitions in China.

The Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, or the M&A Rules, and other recently adopted regulations and rules concerning mergers and acquisitions established additional procedures and requirements that could make merger and acquisition activities by foreign investors more time consuming and complex. For example, the M&A Rules require that MOFCOM be notified in advance of any change-of-control transaction in which a foreign investor takes control of a PRC domestic enterprise, if (i) any important industry is concerned, (ii) such transaction involves factors that impact or may impact national economic security, or (iii) such transaction will lead to a change in control of a domestic enterprise which holds a famous trademark or PRC time-honored brand. Moreover, the Anti-Monopoly Law promulgated by the SCNPC effective in 2008 requires that transactions which are deemed concentrations and involve parties with specified turnover thresholds (i.e., during the previous fiscal year, (i) the total global turnover of all operators participating in the transaction exceeds RMB10 billion (US$1.5 billion) and at least two of these operators each had a turnover of more than RMB400 million (US$60.9 million) within China, or (ii) the total turnover within China of all the operators participating in the concentration exceeded RMB2 billion, and at least two of these operators each had a turnover of more than RMB400 million (US$60.9 million) within China) must be cleared by MOFCOM before they can be completed. In addition, in 2011, the General Office of the State Council promulgated a Notice on Establishing the Security Review System for Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, also known as Circular 6, which officially established a security review system for mergers and acquisitions of domestic enterprises by foreign investors. Further, MOFCOM promulgated the Regulations on Implementation of Security Review System for the Merger and Acquisition of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, effective 2011, to implement Circular 6. Under Circular 6, a security review is required for mergers and acquisitions by foreign investors having “national defense and security” concerns and mergers and acquisitions by which foreign investors may acquire the “de facto control” of domestic enterprises with “national security” concerns. Under the foregoing MOFCOM regulations, MOFCOM will focus on the substance and actual impact of the transaction when deciding whether a specific merger or acquisition is subject to security review. If MOFCOM decides that a specific merger or acquisition is subject to a security review, it will submit it to the Inter-Ministerial Panel, an authority established under Circular 6 led by the NDRC, and MOFCOM under the leadership of the State Council, to carry out security review. The regulations prohibit foreign investors from bypassing the security review by structuring transactions through trusts, indirect investments, leases, loans, control through contractual arrangements or offshore transactions.

In the future, we may grow our business by acquiring complementary businesses. Complying with the requirements of the above-mentioned regulations and other relevant rules to complete such transactions could be time consuming, and any required approval processes, including obtaining approval from MOFCOM or its local counterparts may delay or inhibit our ability to complete such transactions. It is unclear whether our business would be deemed to be in an industry that raises “national defense and security” or “national security” concerns. However, MOFCOM or other government agencies may publish explanations in the future determining that our business is in an industry subject to the security review, in which case our future acquisitions in China, including those by way of entering into contractual control arrangements with target entities, may be closely scrutinized or prohibited.

PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident beneficial owners or our PRC Subsidiary to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC Subsidiary, limit our PRC Subsidiary’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits to us, or may otherwise adversely affect us.

In July 2014, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment Through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, and its implementation guidelines, to replace the Circular on Several Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Residents to Engage in Return Investments via Overseas Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 75, which ceased to be effective upon the promulgation of SAFE Circular 37. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents (including PRC individuals and PRC corporate entities) to register with SAFE or its local branches in connection with their direct or indirect offshore investment activities. SAFE Circular 37 is applicable to our shareholders who are PRC residents and may be applicable to any offshore acquisitions that we make in the future.

Under SAFE Circular 37, PRC residents who make, or have prior to the implementation of SAFE Circular 37 made, direct or indirect investments in offshore special purpose vehicles, or SPVs, will be required to register such investments with SAFE or its local branches. In addition, any PRC resident who is a direct or indirect shareholder of a SPV, is required to update its filed registration with the local branch of SAFE with respect to that SPV, to reflect any material change. Moreover, any subsidiary of such SPV in China is required to urge the PRC resident shareholders to update their registration with the local branch of SAFE. If any PRC shareholder of such SPV fails to make the required registration or to update the previously filed registration, the subsidiary of such SPV in China may be prohibited from distributing its profits or the proceeds from any capital reduction, share transfer or liquidation to the SPV, and the SPV may also be prohibited from making additional capital contributions into its subsidiary in China. On February 13, 2015, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Further Simplifying and Improving the Policies Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Direct Investment, or SAFE Circular 13, which became effective on June 1, 2015. Under SAFE Circular 13, applications for foreign exchange registration of inbound foreign direct investments and outbound overseas direct investments, including those required under SAFE Circular 37, will be filed with qualified banks instead of SAFE. The qualified banks will directly examine the applications and accept registrations under the supervision of SAFE.

If our shareholders who are PRC residents or entities do not complete their registration with the local SAFE branches, our PRC Subsidiary may be prohibited from distributing their profits and any proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation to us, and we may be restricted in our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC Subsidiary. Moreover, failure to comply with SAFE registration requirements could result in liability under PRC laws for evasion of applicable foreign exchange restrictions.

Mr. Bao and Mr. He, who indirectly hold a majority of our shares, and who are known to us as being PRC residents have completed the initial SAFE registration in connection with our financings and will update their registration filings with SAFE under SAFE Circular 37 when any changes should be registered under SAFE Circular 37.

However, we may not at all times be fully aware or informed of the identities of all our shareholders or beneficial owners that are required to make or update such registrations, and we cannot compel our beneficial owners to comply with SAFE registration requirements. As a result, we cannot assure you that all of our shareholders or beneficial owners who are PRC residents or entities have complied with, and will in the future make or obtain any applicable registrations or approvals required by, SAFE regulations. Failure by such shareholders or beneficial owners to comply with SAFE regulations or failure by us to amend the foreign exchange registrations of our PRC Subsidiary, could subject us to fines or legal sanctions, restrict our overseas or cross-border investment activities, limit our subsidiary’s ability to make distributions or pay dividends or affect our ownership structure, which could adversely affect our business and prospects.

If we are classified as a PRC resident enterprise for PRC income tax purposes, such classification could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC shareholders.

Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with “de facto management body” within the PRC is considered a “resident enterprise” and will be subject to the enterprise income tax on its global income at the rate of 25%. The implementation rules define the term “de facto management body” as the body that exercises full and substantial control and overall management over the business, productions, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. In 2009, the State Administration of Taxation, or SAT, issued the Circular on Issues Concerning the Identification of Chinese-Controlled Overseas Registered Enterprises as Resident Enterprises in Accordance With the Actual Standards of Organizational Management, known as SAT Circular 82, which has been revised by the Decision of the State Administration of Taxation on Issuing the Lists of Invalid and Abolished Tax Departmental Rules and Taxation Normative Documents on December 29, 2017 and by the Decision of the State Council on Cancellation and Delegation of a Batch of Administrative Examination and Approval Items on November 8, 2013. Circular 82 has provided certain specific criteria for determining whether the “de facto management body” of a PRC-controlled enterprise that is incorporated offshore is located in China. Further to SAT Circular 82, the SAT issued the Administrative Measures for Enterprise Income Tax of PRC-Controlled Offshore Incorporated Resident Enterprises (Trial), or SAT Bulletin 45, effective 2011, to provide more guidance on the implementation of SAT Circular 82. SAT Bulletin 45 clarified certain issues in the areas of resident status determination, post-determination administration and competent tax authorities’ procedures.

According to SAT Circular 82, an offshore incorporated enterprise controlled by a PRC enterprise or a PRC enterprise group will be regarded as a PRC tax resident by virtue of having its “de facto management body” in China and will be subject to PRC enterprise income tax on its global income only if all of the following conditions are met: (i) the places where the senior management and senior management departments responsible for the daily production, operation and management of the enterprise perform their duties are mainly located within the territory of the PRC; (ii) decisions relating to the enterprise’s financial matters (such as money borrowing, lending, financing and financial risk management) and human resource matters (such as appointment, dismissal and salary and wages) are made or are subject to approval by organizations or personnel in the PRC; (iii) the enterprise’s primary assets, accounting books and records, company seals, and board and shareholder resolutions, are located or maintained in the PRC; and (iv) at least 50% of voting board members or senior executives habitually reside in the PRC. Although SAT Circular 82 and SAT Bulletin 45 only apply to offshore incorporated enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises or PRC enterprise groups and not those controlled by PRC individuals or foreigners, the determination criteria set forth therein may reflect the SAT’s general position on how the term “de facto management body” could be applied in determining the tax resident status of offshore enterprises, regardless of whether they are controlled by PRC enterprises, individuals or foreigners.

In addition, the SAT issued the Announcement of the State Administration of Taxation on Issues concerning the Determination of Resident Enterprises Based on the Standards of Actual Management Institutions in January 2014 to provide more guidance on the implementation of SAT Circular 82. This bulletin further provides that, among other things, an entity that is classified as a “resident enterprise” in accordance with the circular shall file the application for classifying its status of residential enterprise with the local tax authorities where its main domestic investors are registered. From the year in which the entity is determined to be a “resident enterprise,” any dividend, profit and other equity investment gain shall be taxed in accordance with the enterprise income tax law and its implementing rules.

We believe that none of our entities outside of China is a PRC resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes. See “Regulation — Regulations on Tax — PRC Enterprise Income Tax”. However, the tax resident status of an enterprise is subject to determination by the PRC tax authorities and uncertainties remain with respect to the interpretation of the term “de facto management body.” Our PRC legal counsel has also advised us that there is a risk that the PRC tax authorities may deem us as a PRC resident enterprise since a substantial majority of the members of our management team are located in China. If the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a PRC resident enterprise for enterprise income tax purposes, we will be subject to the enterprise income tax on our global income at the rate of 25% and we will be required to comply with PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In addition, we may be required to withhold a 10% withholding tax from dividends we pay to our shareholders that are non-resident enterprises, and non-resident enterprise shareholders may be subject to PRC tax on gains realized on the sale or other disposition of ordinary shares, if such income is treated as sourced from within the PRC. Furthermore, if we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise, dividends payable to our non-PRC individual shareholders and any gain realized on the transfer of ordinary shares by such shareholders may be subject to PRC tax at a rate of 20% unless a reduced rate is available under an applicable tax treaty. It is unclear whether non-PRC shareholders of our company would be able to claim the benefits of any tax treaties between their country of tax residence and the PRC in the event that we are treated as a PRC resident enterprise. Any such tax may reduce the returns on your investment in the ordinary shares.

We face uncertainty with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises by their non-PRC holding companies.

On December 10, 2009, SAT issued the Notice on Strengthening Administration of Enterprise Income Tax for Share Transfers by Non-PRC Resident Enterprises, or SAT Circular 698, with retroactive effect from January 1, 2008. Pursuant to the SAT Circular 698, where a non-resident enterprise transfers the equity interests of a PRC resident enterprise indirectly by disposition of the equity interests of an overseas holding company, or an Indirect Transfer, and such overseas holding company is located in a tax jurisdiction that: (i) has an effective tax rate less than 12.5% or (ii) does not tax foreign income of its residents, the non-resident enterprise, being the transferor, shall report to the competent tax authority of the PRC resident enterprise this Indirect Transfer.

On February 3, 2015, the SAT issued the Announcement of the State Administration of Taxation on Several Issues Relating to Enterprise Income Tax of Transfers of Assets between Non-resident Enterprises, or SAT Bulletin 7. SAT Bulletin 7 has introduced a new tax regime that is significantly different from the previous one under former SAT Circular 698 (which was repealed by the Announcement of the State Administration of Taxation on Matters Concerning Withholding of Income Tax of Non-resident Enterprises at Source by SAT). SAT Bulletin 7 extends its tax jurisdiction to not only Indirect Transfers set forth under former SAT Circular 698 but also transactions involving transfer of other taxable assets through offshore transfer of a foreign intermediate holding company. In addition, SAT Bulletin 7 provides clearer criteria than former SAT Circular 698 for assessment of reasonable commercial purposes and has introduced safe harbors for internal group restructurings and the purchase and sale of equity of a same listed foreign enterprise by a non-resident enterprise through a public securities market. SAT Bulletin 7 also brings challenges to both foreign transferor and transferee (or other person who is obligated to pay for the transfer) of taxable assets. Where a non-resident enterprise transfers taxable assets indirectly by disposing of the equity interests of an overseas holding company, which is an Indirect Transfer, the non-resident enterprise, being the transferor, or the transferee, or the PRC entity that directly owns the taxable assets, may report such Indirect Transfer to the relevant tax authority. Using a “substance over form” principle, the PRC tax authority may disregard the existence of the overseas holding company if it lacks a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose of reducing, avoiding or deferring PRC tax. As a result, gains derived from such Indirect Transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax, and the transferee or other person who is obligated to pay for the transfer is obligated to withhold the applicable taxes, currently at a rate of 10% for the transfer of equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise. Both the transferor and the transferee may be subject to penalties under PRC tax laws if the transferee fails to withhold the taxes and the transferor fails to pay the taxes. However, according to the aforesaid safe harbor rule, the PRC tax would not be applicable to the transfer by any non-resident enterprise of our ordinary shares acquired and sold on public securities markets.

On October 17, 2017, SAT issued the Announcement of the State Administration of Taxation on Issues Concerning the Withholding of Non-resident Enterprise Income Tax at Source, or SAT Bulletin 37, which, among others, repealed the Circular 698 on December 1, 2017. SAT Bulletin 37 further details and clarifies the tax withholding methods in respect of income of non-resident enterprises under Circular 698. And certain rules stipulated in SAT Bulletin 7 are replaced by SAT Bulletin 37. Where the non-resident enterprise fails to declare the tax payable pursuant to Article 39 of the Enterprise Income Tax Law, the tax authority may order it to pay the tax due within required time limits, and the non-resident enterprise shall declare and pay the tax payable within such time limits specified by the tax authority; however, if the non-resident enterprise voluntarily declares and pays the tax payable before the tax authority orders it to do so within required time limits, it shall be deemed that such enterprise has paid the tax in time.

We face uncertainties as to the reporting and other implications of certain past and future transactions where PRC taxable assets are involved, such as offshore restructuring, sale of the shares in our offshore subsidiaries and investments. Our company may be subject to withholding obligations if our company is transferee in such transactions, under SAT Bulletin 37 and SAT Bulletin 7. For transfer of shares in our company by investors who are non-PRC resident enterprises, our PRC Subsidiary may be required to expend valuable resources to comply with SAT Bulletin 37 and SAT Bulletin 7 or to request the relevant transferors from whom we purchase taxable assets to comply with these circulars, or to establish that our company should not be taxed under these circulars, which may have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

The approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission may be required in connection with our initial public offering, and, if required, we cannot predict whether we will be able to obtain such approval.

The Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, or the M&A Rules, adopted by six PRC regulatory agencies requires an overseas special purpose vehicle formed for listing purposes through acquisitions of PRC domestic companies and controlled by PRC companies or individuals to obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such special purpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. However, the application of the M&A Rules remains unclear.

Our PRC counsel, B&D Law Firm, has advised us based on their understanding of the current PRC laws, rules and regulations that the CSRC’s approval is not required for the listing and trading of our ordinary shares on NASDAQ in the context of our initial public offering, given that: (i) our PRC Subsidiary was incorporated as wholly foreign-owned enterprises by means of direct investment rather than by merger or acquisition of equity interest or assets of a PRC domestic company owned by PRC companies or individuals as defined under the M&A Rules that are our beneficial owners; and (ii) no provision in the M&A Rules clearly classifies contractual arrangements as a type of transaction subject to the M&A Rules.

However, our PRC counsel has further advised us that there remains some uncertainty as to how the M&A Rules will be interpreted or implemented in the context of an overseas offering and its opinions summarized above are subject to any new laws, rules and regulations or detailed implementations and interpretations in any form relating to the M&A Rules. We cannot assure you that relevant PRC government agencies, including the CSRC, would reach the same conclusion as we do. If it is determined that CSRC approval is required for our initial public offering, we may face sanctions by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies for failure to seek CSRC approval for our initial public offering. These sanctions may include fines and penalties on our operations in the PRC, limitations on our operating privileges in the PRC, delays in or restrictions on the repatriation of the proceeds from our initial public offering into the PRC, restrictions on or prohibition of the payments or remittance of dividends by our PRC Subsidiary, or other actions that could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as well as the trading price of our ordinary shares.

Failure to make adequate contributions to various government-sponsored employee benefits plans as required by PRC laws and regulations may subject us to penalties.

Companies operating in China are required to participate in various government-sponsored employee benefit plans, including certain social insurance, housing provident funds and other welfare-oriented payment obligations, and contribute to the plans in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of employees up to a maximum amount specified by the local government from time to time at locations where the labor relations between us and our employees are based. The laws and regulations on employee benefit plans have not been enforced consistently by the local governments in China given the different levels of economic development in different locations. Following local common practice, we do not pay certain social insurance or housing fund contributions for each of our employees and the amount we paid was lower than the requirements of relevant PRC regulations. Therefore, in our consolidated financial statements, we have made an estimate and accrued a provision in relation to the potential make-up of our contributions for these plans. If we are determined by local authorities to have failed to make adequate contributions to any employee benefits as required by relevant PRC laws and regulations, we may face late fees or fines in relation to the underpaid employee benefits. As a result, our financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

Increases in labor costs and enforcement of stricter labor laws and regulations in the PRC may adversely affect our business and our profitability.

China’s overall economy and the average wage in China have increased in recent years and are expected to continue to grow. The average wage level for our employees has also increased in recent years. We expect that our labor costs, including wages and employee benefits, will continue to increase. Unless we are able to pass on these increased labor costs to those who pay for our services, our profitability and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

In addition, we have been subject to stricter regulatory requirements in terms of entering into labor contracts with our employees and paying various statutory employee benefits, including pensions, housing fund, medical insurance, work-related injury insurance, unemployment insurance and maternity insurance to designated government agencies for the benefit of our employees. Pursuant to the PRC Labor Contract Law and its implementation rules, employers are subject to stricter requirements in terms of signing labor contracts, minimum wages, paying remuneration, determining the term of employee’s probation and unilaterally terminating labor contracts. In the event that we decide to terminate some of our employees or otherwise change our employment or labor practices, the PRC Labor Contract Law and its implementation rules may limit our ability to effect those changes in a desirable or cost-effective manner, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

In October 2010, the SCNPC promulgated the Law on Social Insurance of the PRC, effective on July 1, 2011. On April 3, 1999, the State Council promulgated the Regulations on the Administration of Housing Provident Fund, which was amended on March 24, 2002. Companies registered and operating in China are required under the Law on Social Insurance of the PRC and the Regulations on the Administration of Housing Provident Fund to apply for social insurance registration and housing fund deposit registration within 30 days of their establishment and to pay for their employees different social insurance including pension insurance, medical insurance, work-related injury insurance, unemployment insurance and maternity insurance to the extent required by law. We could be subject to orders by the competent labor authorities for rectification and failure to comply with the orders which may further subject us to administrative fines. See “Regulations — Regulations on Labor Protection”.

As the interpretation and implementation of labor-related laws and regulations are still evolving, we cannot assure you that our employment practices do not and will not violate labor-related laws and regulations in China, which may subject us to labor disputes or government investigations. We cannot assure you that we have complied or will be able to comply with all labor-related law and regulations including those relating to obligations to make social insurance payments and contribute to the housing provident funds. If we are deemed to have violated relevant labor laws and regulations, we could be required to provide additional compensation to our employees and our business, financial condition and results of operations will be adversely affected.

If our preferential tax treatments are revoked, become unavailable or if the calculation of our tax liability is successfully challenged by the PRC tax authorities, we may be required to pay tax, interest and penalties in excess of our tax provisions, and our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

The PRC government has provided tax incentives to our VIE entity — United Time Technology Co., Ltd. These incentives include reduced enterprise income tax rates. For example, under the Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules, the statutory enterprise income tax rate is 25%. However, the income tax of an enterprise that has been determined to be a high and new technology enterprise can be reduced to a preferential rate of 15%, and the certificate of a high and new technology enterprise is valid for three years.

Our VIE entity has obtained the Certificate of High and New Technology Enterprise since November 2, 2015, which is renewed on October 16, 2018 and is thus eligible to enjoy a preferential tax rate of 15% for the periods presented, to the extent it has taxable income under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law. Any increase in the enterprise income tax rate applicable to our VIE entity in China, or any discontinuation or retroactive or future reduction of any of the preferential tax treatments currently enjoyed by our VIE entity, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, in the ordinary course of our business, we are subject to complex income tax and other tax regulations and significant judgment is required in the determination of a provision for income taxes. Although we believe our tax provisions are reasonable, if the PRC tax authorities successfully challenge our position and we are required to pay tax, interest and penalties in excess of our tax provisions, our financial condition and results of operations would be materially and adversely affected.

Discontinuation of any of the government subsidies or imposition of any additional taxes and surcharges could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Our VIE and UTime GZ have received various financial subsidies from PRC local government authorities. The financial subsidies result from discretionary incentives and policies adopted by PRC local government authorities. Meanwhile, to promote our productions and operations, our VIE and UTime GZ built cooperative relations with government authorities, based on which financial subsidies and a series of other governmental supports are provided for the purpose of facilitation of more tax payment to the local tax authorities. In order to attract investment, the Management Committee of Guizhou Xinpu Economic Development Zone offers preferential policies to UTime GZ, the PRC Subsidiary of our VIE, to establish its operations in Xinpu Economic Development Zone. As of the date of this report, UTime GZ has received subsidies of approximately RMB1.2 million (US$0.2 million) in the form of logistics and employees’ rent subsidies for public rental housing from the Management Committee of Guizhou Xinpu Economic Development Zone. However, local governments may decide to change, withdraw or discontinue such financial subsidies at any time. The discontinuation of such financial subsidies or imposition of any additional taxes could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

If the custodians or authorized users of controlling non-tangible assets of our company, including our corporate chops and seals, fail to fulfill their responsibilities, or misappropriate or misuse these assets, our business and operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Under PRC laws, legal documents for corporate transactions are executed using the chops or seal of the signing entity or with the signature of a legal representative whose designation is registered and filed with the relevant branch of the Administration for Market Regulation.

Although we usually utilize company seals to enter into contracts, the designated legal representatives of our PRC Subsidiary, VIE and UTime GZ have the apparent authority to enter into contracts on behalf of such entities without chops and bind such entities. All designated legal representatives of our PRC Subsidiary, VIE and UTime GZ are members of our senior management team who have signed employment agreements with us or our PRC Subsidiary, VIE and UTime GZ under which they agree to abide by various duties they owe to us. In order to maintain the physical security of our chops and chops of our PRC entities, we generally store these items in secured locations accessible only by the authorized personnel in the legal or finance department of PRC Subsidiary, VIE and UTime GZ. Although we monitor such authorized personnel, there is no assurance such procedures will prevent all instances of abuse or negligence. Accordingly, if any of our authorized personnel misuse or misappropriate our corporate chops or seals, we could encounter difficulties in maintaining control over the relevant entities and experience significant disruption to our operations. If a designated legal representative obtains control of the chops in an effort to obtain control over PRC Subsidiary, VIE and UTime GZ, we or our PRC Subsidiary, VIE and UTime GZ would need to pass a new shareholder or board resolution to designate a new legal representative and we would need to take legal action to seek the return of the chops with the relevant authorities, or otherwise seek legal redress for the violation of the representative’s fiduciary duties to us, which could involve significant time and resources and divert management attention away from our regular business. In addition, the affected entity may not be able to recover corporate assets that are sold or transferred out of our control in the event of such a misappropriation if a transferee relies on the apparent authority of the representative and acts in good faith.

We face certain risks relating to the real properties that we lease.

We lease real properties from third parties primarily for our office and processing workshops being used in China, and most of our lease agreements for these properties have not been registered with the PRC governmental authorities as required by PRC laws. Although the failure to do so does not in itself invalidate the leases, we may be ordered by the PRC government authorities to rectify such noncompliance and, if such noncompliance were not rectified within a given period of time, we may be subject to fines imposed by PRC government authorities ranging from RMB1,000 and RMB10,000 for each lease agreement that has not been registered with the relevant PRC governmental authorities.

Most of the proof of ownership or proof of right to lease in relation to our leased real properties have not been provided to us by the relevant lessors. Therefore, we cannot assure you that such lessors are entitled to lease the relevant real properties to us. If the lessors are not entitled to lease the real properties to us and the owners of such real properties decline to ratify the lease agreements between us and the respective lessors, we may not be able to enforce our rights to keep leasing such properties under the respective lease agreements against the owners. As of the date of this report, we are not aware of any claim or challenge brought by any third parties concerning the use of our leased properties. If our lease agreements are claimed as null and void by third parties who are the real owners of such leased real properties, we could be required to vacate the properties, in the event of which we could only initiate the claim against the lessors under relevant lease agreements for indemnities for their breach of the relevant leasing agreements.

Furthermore, the registered office of UTime SZ is 64D-403, Tian Zhan Building F2, Tian’an Che Kung Temple Industrial Zone, Xiangmi Lake, Futian District, Shenzhen, while the principal executive office is located at 7^th Floor, Building 5A, Shenzhen Software Industry Base, Nanshan District, Shenzhen. According to PRC laws, rules and regulations, a company shall register its main office as registered office. Where a company fails to undergo the relevant modification registration in accordance with relevant regulations for any modification of the contents of company registration, the company registration authority shall order the company to register within a prescribed time limit, and, if the company fails to do so, impose a fine of not less than RMB10,000 but not more than RMB100,000 on the company.

We cannot assure you that suitable alternative locations are readily available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, and if we are unable to relocate our offices or processing workshops in a timely manner, our operations may be interrupted.

Risks Related to Doing Business in India

Our business activities in India could be subject to Indian competition laws, and any violation or alleged violation thereof may negatively impact our operations.

The Competition Commission of India (“CCI”) is the market regulator in India and the Competition Act, 2002 specifically provides that any agreement which restricts the production, supply, distribution, acquisition or control of goods or provision of services, which causes or is likely to cause an appreciable adverse effect on competition (AAEC) within India, is prohibited and void. Anti-competitive agreements may include horizontal and vertical agreements. The definition of the term ‘agreement’ envisaged under the Competition Act, 2002 is wide enough to include any tacit or explicit practice, any arrangement, understanding or action in concert. Any company entering into such kind of agreements may come under the investigation by CCI, and if found violating provisions of the Competition Act, 2002, may be subjected to prosecution and penalty which may extend to 10% of the turnover of preceding 3 financial years. Therefore, any exclusive supply or exclusive distribution agreement(s) may lead to competition law concerns.

Further, any combinations, such as merger, amalgamation, acquisition or similar arrangement, which meet a certain asset/turnover threshold as prescribed in the Competition Act, 2002 mandates CCI approval which involves complex filing requirements. CCI has extra territorial jurisdiction, to investigate, order inquiry and pass order, in respect of the acts taken place outside India which has or may have appreciable adverse effect in India.

Therefore, our business activities of are also subject to the provisions of the Competition Act, 2002 and any violation or alleged violation thereof may seriously impact our operations and business and our parent companies.

Our business is substantially affected by prevailing economic, political and other prevailing conditions in India, and any downshift or perceived downshift in the Indian economy could negatively impact our business.

Do Mobile is a company incorporated in India, and the substantial portion of our assets and employees are located in India. Therefore, we are highly dependent on prevailing economic conditions in India and its operational results are significantly affected by factors influencing the Indian economy. Factors that may adversely affect the Indian economy, and hence results of our operations, may include:

Any downshift or perceived downshift in the Indian economy could negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Introduction of 5G compatible mobile handsets and other new technologies may be expensive, and if we are unable to provide 5G compatible mobile handsets, our business will suffer.

In the Indian market, 5^th Generation (5G) cellular network technology is being unveiled and once 5G tenders are issued, mobile manufacturing companies are required to update the technology to make 5G compatible mobile handsets. Updating to 5G technology will be a costly affair for us. In order to remain in business and ahead of competition, we will need to upgrade their handsets or otherwise integrate 5G capabilities into its products and services so as to provide 5G services. If we are not able to provide 5G compatible mobile handsets, then its market share will get significantly eroded, thus having material adverse effect on its operations and revenues.

We are subject to supervision and regulation by the Reserve Bank of India (or “RBI”) and the Department of Telecommunication, and any non-compliance may adversely impact our business.

Do Mobile is a wholly owned subsidiary of a foreign company. The foreign investment in India is regulated by the Reserve Bank of India and business of telecommunication is regulated by the Department of Telecommunication. Currently, the business of Do Mobile falls within the meaning of “manufacturing sector.” Foreign investment in manufacturing sector is automatically permitted and an Indian company can sell its products, without obtaining any government permission. Any change in legislative and regulatory requirements may impact the business activity of Do Mobile and may also lead to higher cost of compliance. This may adversely impact our business.

Our operating results may be adversely affected by law and regulations to which we are subject.

We are required to comply with central, state, local and foreign laws and regulations governing the protection of the environment and occupational health and safety, including laws stringent norms prescribed by Bureau of Indian Standards and Department of Telecommunication. We cannot assure you that we will at all times be in complete compliance with such laws, regulations and norms. If we violate or fail to comply with the requirements, we could be fined or otherwise sanctioned by regulators. In some instances, such a fine or sanction could be material. In addition, these requirements may become more stringent over time and we cannot assure you that we will not incur material costs or liabilities in the future. These could include new regulations that we may be unable to comply with and this will impact our business.

Moreover, there are number of taxes and other levies imposed at the level of the Central Government and State Government in India. These include: (i) income tax; (ii) goods and service tax; (iii) state duty; (iv) stamp duty charges; and (v) other taxes and surcharges. These tax rates may increase in future creating more financial burden on us and may affect our overall tax efficiency. Additional tax exposure could adversely affect its business and results of operations.

Non-compliance with the Indian labor law requirements may invite criminal and civil actions against us in India.

India has stringent labor legislation that protects the interests of workers, including legislation that govern relationships with employees, in such areas as minimum wage and maximum working hours, overtime, working conditions, and hiring and terminating of employees. Do Mobile is irregular in labor law compliances, primarily relating to maintenance of statutory records and registers. Do Mobile has not obtained any registration under applicable Shops and Establishment Act, wherever applicable. Furthermore, Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013, mandatorily requires companies to have a defined policy on Prevention of Sexual Harassment at Workplace and must set up an Internal Complaints Committee to redress grievances related to sexual harassment. Do Mobile neither has any defined written policy on Prevention of Sexual Harassment nor have constituted any Internal Complaints Committee to redress the issues relating to sexual harassment at workplace. Any non-compliance of applicable labor laws, will expose Do Mobile and its key managerial personnel to penalties and fines which may impact our operations and growth.

Do Mobile is subject to new certification regulations for mobile handsets introduced by the Department of Telecommunications, Government of India, which could delay the launch of our new products and negatively impact our operations.

The Department of Telecommunication, Government of India (“DOT”) is a nodal regulator to regulate the telecommunication industry in India. DOT issues several regulations and guidelines to govern the telecommunication market. Since Do Mobile is involved in marketing and selling of mobile handset, the business activity of Do Mobile falls within the ambit of telecommunication.

Recently, the Telecommunication Engineering Centre of DOT has notified the Procedure for Mandatory Testing and Certification of Telecommunication (“Certification Procedures”) vide its notification dated October 2, 2018 as per the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 and the Indian Telegraph Rules, 1951. The Certification Procedure has been enforced in phases. Phase-I came into effect from October 1, 2019 for the telecom equipment covered under Simplified Certification Scheme prescribed by the Government of India (i.e. SCS) which inter alia included two wire telecom equipment, modem, G3 fax machine, ISDN CPE and in respect of certain telecom equipment under General Certification Scheme prescribed by the Government of India (i.e. GCS) which inter alia included cord-less phones and PABX. Thereafter, Phase II was enforced from October 1, 2020 and covered equipment which inter alia covered transmission terminal equipment, PON (passive optical network) family of broadband equipment and feedback devises.

In accordance with the Certification Procedures, every original equipment manufacturer, importer and dealer of the telecom equipment (i.e., mobile phones) engaged in sale or import of any telecom equipment in India is required to mandatorily obtain a certificate from Telecommunication Engineering Centre and mark or affix the equipment with the appropriate certification label. Additionally, in order to obtain the Certification, it is mandatory that the equipment needs to be tested only from a designated Conformance Assessment Body (“CAB”) or recognized CAB of Mutual Recognition Agreement partner country. The Certification Procedure mandates the certification of mobile handsets manufactured by mobile manufacturers and mobile manufacturer cannot sell the mobile handsets without such certification.

Do Mobile is not engaged in manufacturing mobile handsets and outsources such manufacture to third-party manufacturers. We believe the Certification Procedure will be applicable to such third-party manufacturers. The cost of obtaining the certification will result in an increase of the cost of mobile handsets and thus, may impact sales of mobile handsets of Do Mobile. Therefore, we will be required to more carefully assess the market when launching new models of our products and the new certification regulations could delay the launch of new products, which impacts our operations and revenue negatively.

Do Mobile is non-compliant with respect to certain issuances of its share capital and may be subject to regulatory action by the Registrar of Companies and Ministry of Corporate Affairs, which could adversely affect our business operations and profitability.

Do Mobile, being an Indian company, is required to comply with certain procedures with respect to its share capital. However, there have been some lapses on the part of Do Mobile with respect to its share capital. Procedural lapses include but are not limited to:

Do Mobile may be subject to regulatory action by the Registrar of Companies and Ministry of Corporate Affairs on account of the aforesaid non-compliances in relation to issuance of its share capital, thus exposing it to certain fines and penalties. Directors and key management of Do Mobile are also liable for such non-compliance and may be subjected to fines and penalties.

While no penalties have been imposed on Do Mobile for the aforesaid non-compliance thus far, Do Mobile cannot assure that any regulatory authorities will not impose any penalty on Do Mobile or will not take any penal action with respect to the aforesaid non-compliance. If any adverse actions are taken against Do Mobile, results of operations and profitability of Do Mobile could be adversely affected.

Do Mobile is delayed in complying with reporting guidelines under the provisions of the Foreign Exchange Management (Non-debt Instruments) Rules, 2019 (which replaced erstwhile Foreign Exchange Management (Transfer or issue of security by a person resident outside India) Regulations, 2017) and may be subject to regulatory action by the Reserve Bank of India, which could adversely affect our business and operations.

Under the extant provisions of Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 read with Foreign Exchange Management (Non-debt Instruments) Rules, 2019, every Indian company receiving foreign direct investment for issuance of shares shall within a period of 30 days from the date of issue of shares to the foreign entity file a form FC-GPR (now part of Single Entity Master Form) with the Reserve Bank of India. There has been some delay on the part of Do Mobile in complying with aforesaid filing of form FC-GPR within the stipulated timelines. Also, in terms of the Foreign Exchange Management (Non-debt Instruments) Rules, 2019, an Indian company receiving foreign direct investment must file an annual report titled ‘Foreign Liabilities and Assets’ (“FLA”) on or before July 15 of each year. Do Mobile has not filed its FLA for the financial year 2017-18, 2018-19 and 2019-20 with the Reserve Bank of India. While no penalties have been imposed on Do Mobile for the aforesaid non-compliances thus far; there cannot be any assurance that Reserve Bank of India will not impose any penalty on Do Mobile or will not take any penal action in relation aforesaid non-compliances. If any penalties or other penal measures are enforced, this could adversely affect our business and operations.

Any foreign direct investment in Do Mobile from an entity of a country, which shares a land border with India or the beneficial owner of an investment into India who is situated in or is a citizen of any such country, shall invest only with governmental approval. Any delay in obtaining such governmental approval could adversely affect business operations and cash flow position of Do Mobile.

Do Mobile liquidity and its working capital requirements are mainly met through foreign direct investment. Do Mobile’s potential investors are either based out of China, or such investments are from persons or entities whose ultimate beneficial ownership is situated in or is from a citizen of such countries which share land borders with India including China. Additionally, as per current corporate structure, Mr. Bao Minfei, who is a citizen of China, holds ultimate beneficial ownership in Do Mobile indirectly through various subsidiaries. The Government of India vide Notification S.O. 1278 (E) dated April 22, 2020 (i.e., Foreign Exchange Management (Non-debt Instruments) Amendment Rules, 2020) introduced a crucial amendment in the provisions of the FEMA Rules and has now stipulated that any investment by an entity of a country, which shares land border with India, or where the beneficial owner of an investment into India is situated in or is a citizen of any such country, can be made only upon seeking prior approval of the Government of India. These restrictions will also apply in the case of transfer of ownership. Although Mr. Bao’s existing beneficial ownership in Do Mobile is not subject to approval, any new investment in Do Mobile by a Chinese entity or Chinese citizen or entities that are beneficially owned by Chinese entities or citizens, will be subject to prior approval of the Government of India. The Government of India will grant approval depending upon the facts and circumstances of each case. Any delay in receipt of such approvals, will adversely impact operations and cash flow position of Do Mobile and will put Do Mobile in a challenging position.

Risks Related to Our Ordinary Shares and Our Initial Public Offering

Prior to our April 2021 initial public offering, there had been no prior public market for our ordinary shares, and an active, liquid and orderly trading market for our ordinary shares may not develop or be maintained in the United States, which could limit your ability to sell our ordinary shares.

We cannot assure you that an active U.S. public market for our ordinary shares will be sustained after our initial public offering. If an active market does not continue, the value of our ordinary shares may be impaired and you may experience difficulty selling the ordinary shares that you purchase in our initial public offering.

Our ordinary share price may be volatile after the offering and, as a result, you could lose a significant portion or all of your investment.

The market price of the ordinary shares on Nasdaq may fluctuate after listing as a result of several factors, including the following:

Furthermore, the stock markets often experience significant price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of equity securities of many companies. These fluctuations often have been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. These broad market and industry fluctuations, as well as general economic, political and market conditions such as recessions or interest rate changes may cause the market price of ordinary shares to decline.

Sales of a substantial number of our ordinary shares in the public market by our existing shareholders could cause our share price to fall.

Sales of a substantial number of our ordinary shares in the public market, or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price of our ordinary shares and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that sales may have on the prevailing market price of our ordinary shares. All of the ordinary shares owned by our directors, officers and existing shareholders are subject to lock-up agreements with the underwriters in our initial public offering that restrict the shareholders’ ability to transfer our ordinary shares until after October 3, 2021. Substantially all of our outstanding ordinary shares will become eligible for unrestricted sale upon expiration of the lock-up period. In addition, ordinary shares issued or issuable upon exercise of options and warrants vested as of the expiration of the lock-up period will be eligible for sale at that time. Sales of ordinary shares by these shareholders could have a material adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares.

There are no assurance that our securities, including our ordinary shares, will continue to be listed or, if listed, that we will be able to comply with the continued listing standards of Nasdaq, which could limit investors’ ability to make transactions in our securities and subject us to additional trading restrictions.

Even though our ordinary shares are currently listed on the NASDAQ, we cannot assure you that we will be able to meet NASDAQ’s continued listing requirement or maintain other listing standards. If our ordinary shares are delisted by NASDAQ, and we are not able to list our securities on another national securities exchange, we expect our securities could be quoted on an over-the-counter market. If this were to occur, then, we could face significant material adverse consequences, including:

The National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996, which is a federal statute, prevents or preempts the states from regulating the sale of certain securities, which are referred to as “covered securities.” If our ordinary shares remain listed on NASDAQ, our ordinary shares will be covered securities. Although the states are preempted from regulating the sale of our securities, the federal statute does allow the states to investigate companies if there is a suspicion of fraud, and, if there is a finding of fraudulent activity, then the states can regulate or bar the sale of covered securities in a particular case. If our securities were no longer listed on NASDAQ and therefore not “covered securities”, we would be subject to regulation in each state in which we offer our securities.

Future issuance of our ordinary shares could cause dilution of ownership interests and adversely affect our stock price.

We may choose to raise additional capital due to market conditions or strategic considerations even if we believe we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating plans. To the extent that additional capital is raised through the sale of our equity or convertible debt securities, the issuance of such securities could result in further dilution to our shareholders or result in downward pressure on the price of our ordinary shares

Shares eligible for future sale may depress our stock price.

As of the date of this report, we had 8,267,793 ordinary shares outstanding. All of the ordinary shares of held by affiliates are restricted or control securities under Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act. Sales of ordinary shares under Rule 144 or another exemption under the Securities Act or pursuant to a registration statement could have a material adverse effect on the price of the ordinary shares and could impair our ability to raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities.

We may issue preferred shares to investor that grant them superior rights than holders of our ordinary shares without obtaining shareholder approval.

Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association authorize our board of directors to issue one or more series of preferred shares and set the terms of the preferred shares without seeking any further approval from our shareholders. Any preferred shares that are issued may rank ahead of our ordinary shares, in terms of dividends, liquidation rights and voting rights.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish or cease publishing research reports about us, if they adversely change their recommendations regarding our ordinary shares or if our operating results do not meet their expectations, the price of our ordinary shares could decline.

The trading market for our ordinary shares will be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts may publish about us, our business, our market or our competitors. Securities and industry analysts currently publish limited research on us. If there is limited or no securities or industry analyst coverage of our company, the market price and trading volume of our ordinary shares would likely be negatively impacted. Moreover, if any of the analysts who may cover us downgrade our ordinary shares, provide more favorable relative recommendations about our competitors or if our operating results or prospects do not meet their expectations, the market price of our ordinary shares could decline. If any of the analysts who may cover us were to cease coverage or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our share price or trading volume to decline.

As a foreign private issuer, we are subject to different U.S. securities laws and NASDAQ governance standards than domestic U.S. issuers. This may afford less protection to holders of our ordinary shares, and you may not receive corporate and company information and disclosure that you are accustomed to receiving or in a manner in which you are accustomed to receiving it.

As a foreign private issuer, the rules governing the information that we disclose differ from those governing U.S. corporations pursuant to the Exchange Act. Although we intend to report quarterly financial results and report certain material events, we are not required to file quarterly reports on Form 10-Q or provide current reports on Form 8-K disclosing significant events within four days of their occurrence and our quarterly or current reports may contain less information than required for domestic issuers. In addition, we are exempt from the SEC’s proxy rules, and proxy statements that we distribute will not be subject to review by the SEC. Our exemption from Section 16 rules regarding sales of ordinary shares by insiders means that you will have less data in this regard than shareholders of U.S. companies that are subject to the Exchange Act. As a result, you may not have all the data that you are accustomed to having when making investment decisions with respect to U.S. public companies.

As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from complying with certain corporate governance requirements of the NASDAQ applicable to a U.S. issuer. As the corporate governance standards applicable to us are different than those applicable to domestic U.S. issuers, you may not have the same protections afforded under U.S. law and the Nasdaq Stock Market rules as shareholders of companies that do not have such exemptions.

We may lose our foreign private issuer status in the future, which could result in significant additional costs and expenses.

We could cease to be a foreign private issuer if a majority of our outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly held of record by U.S. residents and we fail to meet additional requirements necessary to avoid loss of foreign private issuer status. The regulatory and compliance costs to us under U.S. securities laws as a U.S. domestic issuer may be significantly higher than costs we incur as a foreign private issuer, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial results.

As an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, we are allowed to postpone the date by which we must comply with some of the laws and regulations intended to protect investors and to reduce the amount of information we provide in our reports filed with the SEC, which could undermine investor confidence in our company and adversely affect the market price of our ordinary shares.

For so long as we remain an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act, we have taken and intend to continue to take advantage of certain exemptions from various requirements that are applicable to public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” including:

We have taken and intend to continue to take advantage of certain of these exemptions until we are no longer an “emerging growth company.” We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of: (1) the last day of the fiscal year (a) following the fifth anniversary of the completion of our initial public offering, (b) in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.07 billion, or (c) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of our ordinary shares that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, and (2) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three-year period.

We have incurred and will continue to incur increased costs as a result of becoming a public company in the United States.

As a newly public company in the United States upon the completion of our IPO on April 8, 2021, we have incurred and will continue to incur significant legal, accounting, insurance and other expenses that we have not incurred when we were a private company, including costs associated with U.S. public company reporting requirements. We also have incurred and will incur costs associated with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the Dodd Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and related rules implemented by the SEC and the NASDAQ.

If we are classified as a passive foreign investment company, United States taxpayers who own our ordinary shares may have adverse United States federal income tax consequences.

A non-U.S. corporation such as ourselves will be classified as a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) for any taxable year if, for such year, either

Passive income generally includes dividends, interest, rents and royalties (other than rents or royalties derived from the active conduct of a trade or business) and gains from the disposition of passive assets.

If we are determined to be a PFIC for any taxable year (or portion thereof) that is included in the holding period of a U.S. taxpayer who holds our ordinary shares, the U.S. taxpayer may be subject to increased U.S. federal income tax liability and may be subject to additional reporting requirements.

Taking the amount of cash we raised in our initial public offering into account, together with any other assets held for the production of passive income, it is possible that, for our 2021 taxable year or for any subsequent year, more than 50% of our assets may be assets which produce passive income. We will make this determination following the end of any particular tax year. Although the law in this regard is unclear, we treat our consolidated affiliated entities as being owned by us for United States federal income tax purposes, not only because we exercise effective control over the operation of such entities but also because we are entitled to substantially all of their economic benefits. For purposes of the PFIC analysis, in general, a non-U.S. corporation is deemed to own its pro rata share of the gross income and assets of any entity in which it is considered to own at least 25% of the equity by value.

For a more detailed discussion of the application of the PFIC rules to us and the consequences to U.S. taxpayers if we were determined to be a PFIC, see “Taxation — Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — Passive Foreign Investment Company”.

ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

4A. History and Development of the Company

We commenced our operations in June 2008 through UTime SZ, a PRC company established by Mr. Bao, Mr. Junlin Zhou and Mr. Bo Tang. As of March 31, 2017, Mr. Bao, Mr. Zhou and Mr. Tang held 52%, 28% and 20% of the equity interests of UTime SZ, respectively. In February 2018, Mr. Bao acquired the equity interests of UTime SZ held by Mr. Zhou and Mr. Tang and became UTime SZ’s sole shareholder. In April 2019, UTime SZ approved a board resolution and in August 2019 approved a shareholder resolution, both of which approved Mr. He, the controlling shareholder of HMercury Capital Limited, to purchase a RMB21.4 million equity interest in UTime SZ which has been received as of the date of this report. On September 3, 2019, UTime SZ approved a shareholder resolution to allow Mr. Bao to invest an additional RMB23.9 million equity interest in UTime SZ, for which the consideration primarily consisted of the amount due to Shenzhen Kaiweixin Technology Co., Ltd. (“Kaiweixin”) of RMB23.0 million as of March 31, 2019. Kaiweixin was controlled by Mr. Bao through an entrust agreement with Mr. Wukai Song, who owned 100% of equity interest of Kaiweixin and Mr. Bao assumed all creditor rights after Kaiweixin was deregistered on June 21, 2019. As of the date of this report, Mr. Bao and Mr. He held 96.95% and 3.05% equity interests of UTime SZ, respectively.

Beginning in late 2018, the following transactions were undertaken to reorganize the legal structure (the “Reorganization”) of the Company. In October 2018, UTime Limited was incorporated in the Cayman Islands. In November 2018, UTime HK, a WOS of the Company, was incorporated in Hong Kong and in December 2018, UTime WFOE, a WOS of the Company, was incorporated in China, respectively.

In March 2019, UTime WFOE entered into a series of contractual agreements with our VIE, UTime SZ and its principal shareholder, Mr. Bao, which were further amended and restated in August and September of 2019, respectively, and were entered into among UTime WFOE, VIE, Mr. Bao and Mr. He. Pursuant to these agreements, we believe that these contractual arrangements enable us to (1) have power to direct the activities that most significantly affects the economic performance of UTime SZ and its subsidiaries, and (2) receive the economic benefits of UTime SZ and its subsidiaries that could be significant to UTime SZ and its subsidiaries. Accordingly, the Company is considered the primary beneficiary of UTime SZ and is able to consolidate UTime SZ and its subsidiaries.

Do Mobile is a Company subsidiary that was incorporated by the Company on October 24, 2016 in New Delhi, India. Do Mobile is an operating entity that sells cell phone products and provides after-sale services of our own in-house brand in India. Prior to the Reorganization, the majority of Do Mobile’s equity interests were held by Mr. Bao through an entrustment agreement with Mr. Wukai Song through a holding company, Bridgetime. Bridgetime was incorporated on September 5, 2016 in the British Virgin Islands (“BVI”) under the laws of the BVI, with Mr. Wukai Song owning 70% of the equity interest of Bridgetime through an entrust agreement between him and Mr. Bao, and Mr. Li owning 30% of the equity interest of Bridgetime.

On March 5, 2018, Bridgetime issued 100,000 ordinary shares to Mr. Wukai Song, changing the shareholders’ structure of Bridgetime so that Mr. Wukai Song owned a 90% equity interest in Bridgetime, which were controlled by Mr. Bao through an entrust agreement between him and Mr. Wukai Song, and Mr. Li owning 10% of equity interest. On December 5, 2018, Bridgetime approved a board resolution that appointed and registered Mr. Yihuang Chen a new director. On March 11, 2019, Bridgetime approved a board resolution that transferred 1 share of Do Mobile to Mr. Yihuang Chen and made him nominal shareholder of Do Mobile, removed Mr. Li as the director of Bridgetime and authorized representative of Do Mobile, and appointed Mr. Wukai Song as the authorized representative of Do Mobile. On April 4, 2019, Bridgetime approved a board resolution that forfeited 15,000 ordinary shares of Bridgetime held by Mr. Li, cancelled those shares accordingly and amended Bridgetime’s memorandum of association that changed the number of its authorized shares from 150,000 to 135,000 at a par value of US$1.00. After this, Mr. WuKai Song owned 100% of the equity interest of Bridgetime, which was controlled by Mr. Bao through an entrust agreement between him and Mr. Wukai Song. On May 23, 2019, Bridgetime approved a board resolution that transferred the 135,000 ordinary shares owned by Mr. Wukai Song to UTime Limited. As a result, Bridgetime is currently a WOS of the Company. Since inception, Bridgetime has only made nominal investments in Do Mobile and no substantial business operations have occurred.

On May 20, 2019, the Company approved a board resolution that agreed to transfer 12,000,000 of its ordinary shares then owned by Mr. Bao to Grandsky Phoenix Limited, a company that was established under the laws of the British Virgin Islands and 100% owned by Mr. Bao.

On June 3, 2019, the Company entered into a share subscription agreement with HMercury Capital Limited, a company that was incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands and controlled by Mr. He, one of our directors, pursuant to which HMercury Capital Limited purchased an aggregate of 377,514 of the Company’s ordinary shares. On the same day, the Company approved a board resolution for issuance of 377,514 of the Company’s ordinary shares at par value US$0.0001 to HMercury Capital Limited based on the share subscription agreement. As a result, Mr. Bao, through Grandsky Phoenix Limited, and Mr. He, through HMercury Capital Limited, owned 96.95% and 3.05% of the equity interest of the Company, respectively.

On April 29, 2020, the Company approved a board resolution that agreed to repurchase 7,620,000 and 239,721 ordinary shares, which were subsequently cancelled, at par value from Grandsky Phoenix Limited and HMercury Capital Limited, respectively, pursuant to a share repurchase agreement that the Company entered into with Grandsky Phoenix Limited and HMercury Capital Limited on April 29, 2020. On August 13, 2020, the Company approved a board resolution and signed capital contribution letter with Grandsky Phoenix Limited and HMercury Capital Limited, respectively. Based on the capital contribution letter, each shareholder opted not to receive the consideration for the Repurchased Shares and made a pure capital contribution in the sum of the purchase price in favor of the Company without the issue of additional shares of the Company. In April 2021, we completed our initial public offering of 3,750,000 ordinary shares. As a result, Mr. Bao, through Grandsky Phoenix Limited, and Mr. He, through HMercury Capital Limited, own 4,380,000 ordinary shares, representing 52.98% of equity interest and 137,793 ordinary shares, representing 1.66% of equity interest of the Company, respectively, as of the date of this report.

The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure as of the date of this report.

Ownership and Organization Chart

As of the date of this report, details of the material subsidiaries of the Company and UTime SZ are set forth below:

Contractual Arrangements with the VIE and its Respective Shareholders

We conduct substantially all of our business in the PRC through a series of contractual arrangements with our VIE, UTime SZ, and UTime GZ. The VIE and subsidiaries of the VIE hold the requisite licenses and permits necessary to conduct the Company’s business. In addition, the VIE and its subsidiaries of the VIE hold the assets necessary to operate the Company’s business and generate substantially all of the Company’s revenues. We exercise effective control over our VIE through a series of contractual arrangements among UTime WFOE, our VIE and its shareholders.

Our contractual arrangements with our VIE and its respective shareholders allow us to: (i) exercise effective control over our VIE; (ii) receive substantially all of the economic benefits of our VIE; and (iii) have an exclusive option to purchase all or part of the equity interest in and/or assets of our VIE when and to the extent permitted by PRC laws.

As a result of our direct ownership in UTime WFOE and the contractual arrangements with our VIE, we are regarded as the primary beneficiary of our VIE, and we treat the VIE and its subsidiaries as our consolidated affiliated entities under U.S. GAAP. We have consolidated the financial results of our VIE and its subsidiaries in our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

The following is a summary of the contractual arrangements by and among UTime WFOE, the VIE and the shareholders of the VIE and their spouses, as applicable.

Agreements that provide us with effective control over the VIE

Power of Attorney. Pursuant to a series of powers of attorney issued by each shareholder of the VIE, each shareholder of the VIE irrevocably authorizes UTime WFOE or any natural person duly appointed by UTime WFOE to exercise on the behalf of such shareholder with respect to all matters concerning the shareholding of such shareholder in the VIE, including without limitation, attending shareholders’ meetings of the VIE, exercising all the shareholders’ rights and shareholders’ voting rights, and designating and appointing the legal representative, the chairperson, directors, supervisors, the chief executive officer and any other senior management of the VIE.

On September 4, 2019, UTime WFOE, the VIE and Mr. Bao, a shareholder of the VIE, entered into the second amended and restated power of attorney, while UTime WFOE, the VIE and Mr. He, a shareholder of the VIE, entered into an amended and restated power of attorney, which contain terms substantially similar to the power of attorney executed by the shareholders of the VIE described above.

Equity Pledge Agreement. Pursuant to the Equity Pledge Agreement entered into among UTime WFOE, the VIE and the shareholders of the VIE, the shareholders of the VIE agreed to pledge their 100% equity interests in the VIE to UTime WFOE to secure the performance of the VIE’s obligations under the applicable existing exclusive call option agreement, power of attorney, exclusive technical consultation and service agreement, business operation agreement and also the equity pledge agreement. If events of default defined therein occur, upon giving written notice to the VIE shareholders, UTime WFOE may exercise its rights to enforce the pledged equity interest to the extent permitted by PRC laws.

On September 4, 2019, UTime WFOE, the VIE and the shareholders of the VIE entered into the second amended and restated equity pledge agreement, which contains terms substantially similar to the equity pledge agreement described above.

As of the date of this report, we have completed the equity pledge registration with the competent Administration for Market Regulation in accordance with the PRC Property Rights Law and the Civil Code of the PRC.

Spouse Consent Letter. Pursuant to a series of spousal consent letters, executed by the spouses of the shareholders of the VIE, Mr. Bao and Mr. He, such signing spouses confirmed and agreed that the equity interests of the VIE are the own property of their applicable spouses and shall not constitute the community property of the couples. Such spouses also irrevocably waived any potential right or interest that may be granted by operation of applicable law in connection with the equity interests of the VIE held by their applicable spouses.

On September 4, 2019, Mr. Bao’s spouse executed the second amended and restated spousal consent letter while Mr. He’s spouse executed an amended and restated spousal consent letter, which contains terms substantially similar to the spousal consent letter described above.

Business Operation Agreement. Pursuant to the business operation agreement entered into among UTime WFOE, the VIE and the shareholders of the VIE, the shareholders of the VIE agreed that without the prior written consent of UTime WFOE or any party designated by UTime WFOE, the VIE shall not engage in any transaction which may have a material or adverse effect on any of its assets, businesses, employees, obligations, rights or operations (except for those occurring in the due course of business or in day-to-day business operations, or those already disclosed to UTime WFOE and with the explicit prior written consent of UTime WFOE). In addition, the VIE and its shareholders jointly agreed to accept and strictly implement any proposal made by UTime WFOE from time to time regarding the employment and removal of the VIE’s employees, its day-to-day business management and the financial management system of the VIE.

On September 4, 2019, UTime WFOE, the VIE and the shareholders of the VIE entered into the second amended and restated business operation agreement, which contains terms substantially similar to the business operation agreement described above.

Agreements that allow us to receive economic benefits from our VIE

Exclusive Technical Consultation and Service Agreement. Pursuant to the exclusive technical consultation and service agreement entered into between UTime WFOE and the VIE, dated March 19, 2019, UTime WFOE has the exclusive right to provide or designate any entity to provide the VIE business support, technical and consulting services. Pursuant to such agreement, the VIE agreed to pay UTime WFOE (i) the service fees equal to the sum of 100% of the net income of the VIE of that year or such other amount otherwise agreed by UTime WFOE and the VIE; and (ii) a service fee otherwise confirmed by UTime WFOE and the VIE for specific technical services and consulting services provided by UTime WFOE in accordance with the VIE’s needs from time to time. The exclusive consultation and service agreement will continue to be valid unless the written agreement is signed by all parties thereto to terminate it or a mandatory termination is requested in accordance with applicable PRC laws and regulations.

Agreements that provide us with the option to purchase the equity interests in and assets of our VIE

Exclusive call option agreement. Pursuant to the exclusive call option agreement entered into among UTime WFOE, the VIE and the shareholders of the VIE, each of the shareholders has irrevocably granted UTime WFOE an exclusive option to purchase all or part of its equity interests in the VIE, and the VIE has irrevocably granted UTime WFOE an exclusive option to purchase all or part of its assets.

With regard to the equity transfer option, the total transfer price to be paid by UTime WFOE or any other entity or individual designated by UTime WFOE for exercising such option shall be the capital contribution mirrored by the corresponding transferred equity in the registered capital of the VIE, provided that if the lowest price permitted by the then-effective PRC laws is lower than the above capital contribution, the transfer price shall be the lowest price permitted by the PRC laws. With regard to the asset purchase option, the transfer price to be paid by UTime WFOE or any other entity or individual designated by UTime WFOE for exercising such option shall be the lowest price permitted by the then-effective PRC laws.

On September 4, 2019, UTime WFOE, VIE and the shareholders of VIE entered into the second amended and restated exclusive call option agreement, which contains terms substantially similar to the exclusive call option agreement described above.

4B. Business Overview

We are committed to providing cost-effective mobile devices to consumers globally and to helping low-income individuals from established markets, including the United States, and emerging markets, including India and countries in South Asia and Africa, have better access to updated mobile technology.

We are mainly engaged in the design, development, production, sales and brand operation of mobile phones, accessories and related consumer electronics. We also provide Electronics Manufacturing Services (“EMS”), including Original Equipment Manufacturer (“OEM”), which we manufacture products solely pursuant to customers’ orders, and Original Design Manufacturer (“ODM”) services, which we not only manufacture but also design products based on clients’ demand, for well-known brands, such as TCL Communication Technology Holdings, Ltd., a subsidiary of TCL Corporation, Swagtek Inc., Shanghai Sunvov Communications Technology Co., Ltd. and T2Mobile International Limited. Our operations are based in China but most of our products are sold overseas, including India, Brazil, the United States, and other emerging markets countries in South Asia, Africa and Europe. We have two in-house brands, “UTime,” which is our middle-to-high end label and targets middle class consumers from emerging markets; and “Do”, our low- to mid-end brand, which is positioned to target grassroots consumers and price-sensitive consumers in emerging markets. Our prime end user groups are segmented into regions like South America, South Asia, Southeast Asia and Africa.

We value systematic management and organize production with strictly high-quality standards and production technology. We continuously endeavor to improve our overall manufacturing service level, to strengthen our cost control processes, and to enhance our ability to respond rapidly to market dynamics in order to ensure a sustainable development in our EMS segment, especially in Printed Circuit Board and Assembly (“PCBA”) for consumer electronic products.

Market Opportunities

Global Mobile Phone Market Overview

We believe that the global mobile phone market has huge potential and broad development prospects

Benefiting from the continuous upgrading of communication technologies and mobile phone parts, we believe that the global mobile phone market is currently maintaining a steady growth trend. With the advent of the Fifth-Generation (“5G”) era, we estimate that the average annual shipments value of mobile phones worldwide are expected to increase steadily from 2019 to 2022.

Due to a fast increase in the population of Fourth-Generation (“4G”) mobile phones from 2013 to 2015, we believe that the global mobile phone shipments volume reached its peak and the speed has tended to slow down because of the saturated market of 4G mobile phones. However, we estimate that the mobile phone manufacturing industry, especially in China, will continue to grow and we expect the mobile phone shipments value will increase mainly driven by the growing demand for 5G mobile phones.

We believe that the industry is in a transitional period and product performance continues to evolve.

The strong demand for new products triggered by technology upgrades and functional innovations has driven the mobile phone industry to achieve rapid penetration rate. However, as the industry matures and enters the transition period from 4G to 5G, we believe that the industry growth rate will slow down along with product homogenization. At the same time, we believe that the gradual increase driven by the demand of 5G will make the relevant manufacturers in the mobile phone industry pay more attention to the sales growth brought by higher quality products, which may also encourage the users to increase their frequency in changing models.

Emerging Markets Mobile Phone Markets Overview

The market starts late and has great potential to grow.

Consumer electronics, for instance, mobile phones, focus more on emerging markets, where disposable income is growing fast and the market is far less penetrated. Emerging markets are typically referred to as areas in Asia, South America, Eastern Europe and Africa. The populations in those areas are large and the increasing household income makes consumer electronics, like mobile phones, more affordable. We believe that predicted rapid economic development, the release of demographic dividends (in the form of an accelerated economic growth and improved productivity from youth) and the construction of communication technology facilities will drive rapid growth in sales in emerging markets.

The proportion of smartphones has increased with a stronger demand.

Currently, we believe the proportion of feature phones is still higher than that of smartphones. However, with the gradual maturity of emerging markets, the smartphones market continues to expand. The market share of smartphones in this market has increased, and we anticipate there will be a large structural improvement. Combining the factors of great growth potential in emerging markets and the demand for smartphones due to the development of 5G infrastructure, we believe that the smartphone shipment volume is expected to increase over from 2019 to 2022.

Why We are Focusing on Emerging Markets

We estimate that from 2019 to 2022, the average annual growth rate of smartphone shipments in the world’s major emerging markets, represented by Africa, India, and other South Asia countries, among others, will be significantly higher than the annual growth of smartphone shipments in global established markets. Therefore, we believe that emerging markets will be the main sources of growth in global mobile phone sales for many years to come.

As far as emerging markets are concerned, feature phones still retain a large market share. On one hand, due to the differences in the level of economic development in various countries, a certain proportion of the population in emerging markets has not obtained got access to mobile phones, and the upgrade of telecommunication infrastructures from Second-Generation (“2G”) to Third-Generation (“3G”) and 4G is constrained due to a shortage of foundational funding in emerging markets. Meanwhile, emerging markets can be affected by factors like shortage of power supply and lagging telecommunication infrastructure, extending the life cycle of feature phones in the market to a certain extent. In summary, feature phones still have a large market and structural demand in major emerging markets around the world.

On the other hand, emerging markets generally have a relatively younger population structure in terms of age. Millions of young people rush into labor market every year, forming a rigid demand for mobile phone consumption.

Reinforce our Focus in Established Markets

We have developed a partnership with Quality One Wireless LLC, our client in the United States, through ODM orders since 2015, and those orders contributed a significant portion, over 10%, of our entire revenue stream from 2017 to 2019. To align our corporate strategy with the global trend of consumer electronics, especially mobile phones, we believe that expanding our business in established markets, like the United States and European countries, is vital to our future. Compared to emerging markets, established markets are well developed in terms of telecommunication infrastructure and more saturated.

We are transforming from an EMS provider to a comprehensive technology company engaging in the design, development, production, sales and brand operation of mobile phones, accessories and related consumer electronics. We intend to bring our own products to established markets, including the United States, Canada and European countries. Our Amazon stores have been established in Europe, and we believe that our recently launched products like triple-proof mobile phones and sunglasses with built-in speakers will be competitive in those markets. We are actively evaluating the feasibility of business opportunities with wireless carriers, such as Verizon, AT&T, Sprint and T-Mobile, in the United States.

Our Strategies

We intend to achieve our mission through successful execution of the key elements of our growth strategy, which include:

Optimize the structure of OEM/ODM customers and orders.

We have accumulated business resources and experience in both domestic and overseas OEM/ODM markets for the last decade. We are seeking to leverage our first mover advantage in changing markets to become an international enterprise through continuous innovation. In addition, we will seek to optimize current customer and order structure by deprioritizing small and unstable customers and eliminating low margin orders to increase our gross profit margin. Small customers typically cannot provide sustainable OEM/ODM orders when comparing to large customers, like TCL, and those small customers tend to negotiate a lower price per order that can decrease gross margin. Therefore, keeping relatively large clients will help us maintain sustainable OEM/ODM orders and a higher margin.

Develop our own brand and enhance brand recognition.

We have sought, and will continue to develop, our brands by delivering a superior user experience to our customers in emerging markets, such as India, Southeast Asia and Africa. We are seeking to offer an enhanced shopping experience by effectively managing our existing distribution network and upgrading our franchised stores. Our first step will be to open (direct-sell) retail stores in key and high-traffic locations in India and to establish a comprehensive sales network with our distributors. Then, we intend to replicate this pattern in other emerging markets and adjust it accordingly. As a result, we intend to increase our market share and expand our brand recognition for both “UTime” and “Do”.

Expand our (local) sales network overseas.

We are seeking to develop and expand our sales network in India and to establish a representative office in the United States. In addition, we plan to further explore the African and South American markets. We believe that the representative office will help us strengthen our business network and marketing channels in the United States and other North American regions, for instance, through participating in telecom and technology exhibitions. We will seek to strengthen our efficient sales network and streamline our supply chain process to keep our products and services at a reasonable price level in order to increase our user base. We will seek to continue to provide training and support to our sales managers across the major provinces of India to expand our service portfolio and establish up to 400 after-sales outlets to improve the user experience. In addition, we will seek to provide other electronic products and accessories to OEM/ODM overseas clients through strong production capacities to strengthen cooperation.

As part of our expansion strategy, we are actively evaluating the strategies of cooperation with the telecommunication carriers through our existing clients in Southern Asia, Africa, the United States and South America. We intend to expand into more markets including emerging and established markets through business with carriers.

Dual-brand pricing strategy.

We plan to restructure our existing product pipeline by developing the “Do” and “UTime” brands at the same time, but targeted to different segments. Through the “Do” brand, we target customers who are price-sensitive and cost-effective, and let them enjoy the latest communication technology products with an affordable price. At the same time, through the “UTime” brand, we target the newly emerging quasi-middle-class customer base in both established and emerging market countries.

Expand and diversify our product portfolio.

We plan to expand and diversify our product portfolio to meet the fast-changing market. More types of consumer electronics will be added and offered to our customers. We plan to develop a range of distinctive electronic products, including triple-proof mobile phones that are water-proof, dust-proof and puncture-, shock-, pressure- and impact-proof, portable Bluetooth speakers, and sunglasses with built-in speakers, among others.

Our Products and Services

We design, manufacture, and distribute mobile phones and other consumer electronics through our operation plants in and outside China. Our products are categorized into three major categories:

Feature phones

Feature phones do not have an independent operating system nor adapted third party software applications. Feature phones have tangible keyboards, smaller screen size that is usually below 3 inches, and integrate basic functions, such as cellular call and cellular message. Camera, FM radio and Bluetooth are typically optional functions.

Smartphones

Smartphones have an independent operating system and allow for installation of software applications developed by third parties. Compared with feature phones, smartphones tend to have a full view display without tangible keyboards. Screen size is usually over 5 inches. Our smartphone products are Android-based and certified as Android Enterprise Recommended by Google.

Face masks

Since March 2020 the Company has participated in efforts to stem the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic, namely, by serving as a temporary distributor of face masks to an existing overseas client in Brazil. The Company does not intend for this revenue stream to become part of its long-term business strategy.

Others

Our others mainly consists of cell phone accessories, parts of mobile phone and molds for mobile phones, as well as other consumer electronic accessories. Our mobile phone accessories contain two categories. One is for our OEM/ODM clients, mainly including spare parts and supplemental components that we sell to our clients. The other is for our in-house brand including consumer electronics, such as, power bank, Bluetooth speaker, and spare parts like batteries, chargers, and cell phone shells.

Most of our products are produced through OEM/ODM orders received from our long-term clients and sold overseas. The following charts display our product contribution for the years ended March 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021:

Do Feature Phones

Do Feature Phones are a feature phones with dual-SIM function that offer our customers a cost-effective product by implementing call features like Speed Dial, Auto-Call Recording with folder and Blacklist. Built with 1.77 to 2.4 inches bright display, batteries sized from 800 to 1450 mAh, a physical numeric keyboard and a loud front-facing speaker, Do Feature Phones offer reliable voice experience to customers and enrich leisure experience by attaching Bluetooth and FM radio function inside. Do Feature Phones also enable end users an expandable memory card slot up to 32 GB.

Do Smartphones

The Smartphones are Android-based 4G VoLTE smartphone that is certified as Android Enterprise Recommended by Google. The Do Mate 1 equips with a 5.7-inch durable full display, 2000 to 3000 mAh batteries, a set of 5 to 13 plus 0.3 MP dual rear camera and 8 MP front camera with flash. Do Smartphones have Mode SC 9832E, a product of Spreadtrum Communications, Inc. or MT 6580, a product of MediaTek Inc., processor, 1 to 2GB RAM and 8 to 16GM ROM and light, proximity and gravity sensors inside. Do Smartphones also enable end users to experience Dual-SIM with Micro and Nano SIM card.

Others

The Bluetooth speaker has a 400 mAh capacity battery and 4 Omega/3W speaker power. Play mode contains: Micro card, Line-in and Bluetooth connection. The Bluetooth Box uses Bluetooth 5.0 profiles and has 12-meter connection distance. Output power is 15W with two batteries of 2500 mAh. Its frequency range is from 2.4 to 2.480 GHz. The Bluetooth glasses apply Bluetooth 5.0 profile and True Wireless Stereo, the battery size is 70 mAh.

Our Operations

Order Placement and Fulfillment Process

Procurement

We adopt an order-oriented procurement model. Specifically, according to our forecasts towards the market and customer orders, we estimate the total demand and actual demand of materials through Material Requirements Planning (“MRP”), plus a certain level of inventory, and finally place the procurement order to our suppliers. MRP is a production planning, scheduling, and inventory control system used to manage manufacturing processes. Most MRP systems are software-based, but it is possible to conduct MRP by hand as well.

The main raw materials purchased by us can be classified into electronic components, optical components, electronic components and packaging materials, and structural devices. According to the different procurement areas, the Company’s procurement activities can be divided into domestic procurement and overseas procurement. The raw materials from overseas mainly include baseband chips and memory which originally produced outside of China, and we purchase other raw materials primarily in mainland China.

Production

Our production schedule department is responsible for coordinating all the materials planning, production planning and shipping planning, arranging the production of our own factories, outsourcing factories and other ODMs. We also focus on improving production efficiency and cost control while meeting customer needs. We determine the applicable production method based on our sales prospects, capacity utilization, cost control requirements and other factors. Our production cycle takes on average 75 days, which was calculated from receiving orders to completing production, for each new launched OEM/ODM order or own brand product. Usually, we will spend about 40 days in preparation including material procurement, prototyping, testing and obtaining certifications. Then, it takes approximately 30 days for mass production and fulfill the OEM/ODM order.

Our Factory

We established our own factory in Guizhou, China through UTime GZ. We have built a diversified flexible manufacturing system that adopts multi-order, small-batch production methods to meet market differentiation needs under a global strategy. With the continuous growth of business and the entry into the emerging markets, we are always striving to meet the needs of customers, taking into account the factors such as sales forecast and orders, capacity utilization, cost control requirements and product positioning. Our factory takes almost all the production assignments including our orders from OEM/ODM clients and our own brand products. However, before assigning the order to our factory, the production management department will evaluate the overall cost and production schedule, if the order failed to meet our cost budget, we will outsource the order to our collaborating factories.

Outsourcing Factories

Our production management department is responsible for the resource development and management of factories on which we rely to outsource our manufacturing needs. We manage the outsourced manufacturers by imposing certain requirements such as processing requirements, limiting labor costs, and imposing quality control and other special requirements. We signed an entrusted production agreement with the outsourcing manufacturers. We are responsible for the product design and development as well as the raw materials procurement. The outsourcing manufacturer is responsible for processing and assembling products according to our requirements. We provide design and production plans to the outsourcing manufacturers and guide them to finish qualified products.

For the feature phones offering to our American clients, we cooperate with other ODMs. We provide bill of materials (“BOM”) requirements to other ODMs, and they participate in design, raw materials procurement, manufacturing and sell finished products to us. We often assist other ODMs in managing the production process and offer critical structural components referring to PCBA, mobile screen and batteries, to ensure production yield and product quality, as well as “Just-in-time” delivery rates.

For our “Do” brand, we cooperate with an outsourced factory in India due to cost consideration. The Indian government will impose a higher import tax on finished goods than the partially assembled one, such as a Semi-Knocked Down (“SKD”) for consumer electronics. Therefore, we ship SKD from our factory operated by UTime GZ to Do Mobile and finish final assembling process in our outsourced factory in India.

Quality Control Management

We believe that the quality of our products is crucial to our continued growth. We place great emphasis on quality control and have implemented Total Quality Management (“TQM”) to manage our operations. Before entering our production flow, the raw materials must be certified for quality. We also perform inspections on raw materials in the mass production flow.

Our quality control system covers each stage of our production process. When we establish or adapt an assembly line for a new product or model, we trial-run the assembly line to produce a sample for quality examination. The assembly line can start mass production only if the produced sample is of adequate quality. When the in-progress product moves from one work station to another one along the assembly line, it must be checked for quality by the responsible assembly specialists in both work stations. A product may be shipped out of manufacturing facility only after it passes all quality control examinations and is properly documented as such. By logging and breaking down the pass rates along our products in the production process, we are able to identify our quality control weak spots, and improve our operation accordingly.

Supply Chain Management

Supply Chain Management Process

Materials, Products and Other Suppliers

We purchase key components from our suppliers, such as chips, batteries, mainboard, screens, battery chargers and controllers. We strategically select our suppliers to minimize over-concentration, control our cost and maintain a good relationship with our suppliers.

To reduce over-concentration of supply, to manage costs and to control product quality, we generally engage at least two (2) suppliers for each of our key components. We select our suppliers based on a variety of criteria, including, among others, production capacity, technological sophistication, quality assurance, professional certification, manpower adequacy, financial position and environmental compliance. In addition, we review the performance of our suppliers quarterly, and make necessary adjustments to our supply chain, including termination of under-performing suppliers. Although we have been able to maintain good and long-lasting relationships with our suppliers, we do not formally engage them under long-term contracts or on an exclusive basis, so we retain considerable pricing power in the meantime.

Distribution and Logistics

We deliver our products to overseas end customers through the services provided by the third-party supply chain companies. The third-party supply chain companies provide import and export customs declaration, customs clearance, logistics and other services, so that we can operate more efficiently. In order to reduce the concentration of third-party delivery supply chain companies, we usually have more than three delivery supply chain companies to provide services at the same time.

Our Technology

We are an EMS service provider, mainly offering OEM/ODM services to our engaged clients. We continue investing in technology to improve our ability in design, production, testing and software application. Our subsidiary, UTime SZ, is a national certified high technology enterprise that has certain benefits in tax deduction and government grants.

Our technology focuses on process optimization, which can contribute to improved accuracy or efficiency during production, and industrial design as well as mechanical design, which enables us to meet requirements from our OEM/ODM clients and fulfill the orders.

Major technologies applied in our operations are listed below:

Research and Development

Our research and development activities include two major sections, which are our EMS section and our own brand section. EMS section’s purpose is to allocate a significant amount of resources and funds to developing cost-effective and reliable products for the OEM/ODM clients and ensuring that these products meet their exacting requirements for functionality and reliability. Own brand section’s purpose is to launch new products to obtain more market shares. Our research and development initiatives are led by our internal teams and are supported by third parties as needed. Our product management team and our sales and marketing team spend their time interacting with a combination of end users, distributors in our target markets, and wireless carriers to better understand the market requirements for our products. Once defined, our design and manufacturing team develops and tests the products against these requirements to be delivered to our clients and to be sold to the end users.

Customers

The majority of our selling items are the feature phones and the smartphones as mentioned above. Our sales depend heavily on our major clients, TCL Communication Limited, Swagtek Inc. and Shanghai Sunvov Communications Technology Co., Ltd., representing 41.3%, 6.8% and 6.3% of the total revenue for fiscal year 2021, respectively. We regularly provide OEM and ODM business for them. In addition, we export our in-house brand products to emerging markets.

The following is a list of our top three customers for the fiscal year 2021:

The following is a list of our top three customers for the fiscal year 2020:

The following is a list of our top three customers for the fiscal year 2019:

Customer Services

To meet the requirements of our OEM and ODM customers, we support customized services for them. We assist our customers in research and development while launching new mobile products based on our industry experience. To date, we have maintained long-term cooperation with our main customers listed above. We have also built nearly 800 service centers for our in-house brand customer in India. During the one-year warranty period that we provide on our phone products, customers can phone returned or repaired according to the actual situation.

Global Operations

Most of our OEM and ODM customers come from established markets, including the United States, and emerging economies, including India and countries in South Asia and Africa, which contribute considerably to our revenue. In line with our vision to expand globally, we started to use our new brand name “Do” in India in 2017 to develop in-house brand business. Emerging markets are the main consideration for our in-house brand sales and marketing, and India is the primary focus of Do Mobile because of its large population. We also plan to establish a representative office in the United States to further strengthen our business network in established markets.

Sales and Marketing

China and other markets

We directly provide OEM and ODM business for our customers in China and overseas. In order to maintain close relationships with these customers, we have built a strong marketing team consisting of 16 sales force members, including a domestic client division, overseas client division and key accounts division. Our marketing efforts consist of product marketing and orders partner marketing. Product marketing focuses on ensuring OEM/ODM requirements related to products. Order partner marketing focuses on engaging sustainable clients, participating in telecom and technology exhibitions, as well as developing supplemental sales tools, industry trade show materials and brand awareness.

India

We have launched 7 mobile phone models in the Indian market, including 5 smartphones and 2 feature phones. We strive to launch products that serve users of different demographics, and 3 to 4 additional mobile phones are currently being designed and are in development. Additionally, we plan to offer wireless speakers, power banks, car chargers and fit bands in the future. However, due the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, our operations in India were significantly affected and our original marketing plan was delayed. We restarted our operations in India after the Indian government began to lift lockdown measures in July 2020. However, in March 2021, the second wave of COVID-19 spread in India resulting in lockdowns being imposed in various states of India. While we have been able to continue our operations during the second wave of COVID-19 and have taken several steps to minimize our costs, our supply of inventory has been affected due to the lockdown which has resulted in a significant impact on our revenue.

Warehousing and Distributor

We have 11 warehouses in India. Logistic transportation costs average between approximately US$2,400 to US$6,200 per month. Our self-branded products are sold only through offline retail distributors. For our offline network, we work with local distributors. There are no instalment or other credit strategies between our distributors and us. Our Indian sales team is comprised of approximately 30 experienced sale force members managing over 300 active distributors.

After-sales service

An excellent user experience is one of our major goals. We provide customers with a one-year warranty on our phone products. Customers can get their phones repaired during the maintenance period, usually within one year, by taking their receipts and goods to any one of the nearly 800 service centers that has cooperated with us. Based on historical collection records, product return rate is about 1.1%. We believe our after-sales service creates a satisfying user experience. Our after-sales team consists of 12 professionals that perform active after-sale services to our end users throughout India.

United States and Europe

We cooperate with our clients in the United States through ODM orders. We intend to strengthen our business connections by establishing a representative office in the United States. This office will help us increase our marketing efforts, such as by participating in conferences and events that focus on the United States and other regions in North America. We are also preparing our online store on Amazon in Europe to launch our newly developed products.

Africa

We entered the African market through ODM orders, including smartphones and feature phones, in 2018. To expand our business in Africa, we formed an independence team, including three account managers, a product manager and two marketing specialists, as having a local distribution network is our main focus in the African market. Meanwhile, we also put our efforts into marketing on online channels, such as Jumia, an online marketplace in Africa. Our cooperation with local wireless carriers is also considered part of our marketing strategy in Africa.

Seasonality

Our business has historically been subject to seasonal fluctuations, which may be caused by product launches and various promotional events hosted by us and our distributors. Although we have generally experienced higher sales during the fourth quarter since our customers usually launch new products during the fourth quarter of the calendar years, this pattern does not repeat itself every year. We typically experience our lowest sales volume in the first quarter of each year.

Competition

Overall Competition Landscape

We operate in a highly competitive environment serving industrial enterprises and end customers. Competition in our market is high and tends to increase. Price is a major source of competition, while product quality, differentiation, service, research, development and commercialization capacity, and distribution channels are also critical factors. Competition in our industry is intense and has been characterized by technology levels, production scale and economies of scale, evolving industry standards, frequent new product introductions and rapid changes in end user requirements.

We face competition from manufacturers that also provide EMS, such as Wentai and XiaoMi, to the extent industrial enterprises decide to engage and outsource production. We also face competition from mobile phone manufacturers that have a portfolio of products covering low-end feature phones and high-end smartphones, such as Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. We also face competition from mobile phone companies who also target emerging markets, such as, Shenzhen Transsion Holding Limited. We believe that we compete favorably with respect to the factors described above.

Our Competitive Strengths

We believe that the following competitive strengths have contributed to, or will contribute to, our recent and ongoing growth:

Intellectual Property

Protection of our intellectual property is a strategic priority for our business. We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws, as well as confidentiality agreements, to establish and protect our proprietary rights. Except for certain licenses for the off-the-shelf software used in connection with our day-to-day operations, we generally do not rely on third-party licenses of intellectual property for use in our business.

As of the date of this report, we had obtained 34 patents and 43 registered software copyrights, registered 46 trademarks inside and outside of China, and submitted 6 additional trademark applications.

Patents. We had 34 registered patents in China, which cover technologies for PCAB processing, Industrial Design and testing process. All registered patents in China are currently registered under the name of UTime SZ and UTime GZ. 20 registered patents were granted as utility model patents, 12 registered patents were granted as design patents and 2 registered patents were granted as invention patents.

Software copyrights. We maintain a portfolio of copyright-protected software. We had 43 registered software copyrights in China.

Trademarks. We had 23 registered trademarks in China and 23 registered trademarks outside of China in Africa, Asia, America and Europe. We also have 6 pending trademark applications outside of China in the Philippines, Kenya and other jurisdictions.

Domain names. We had 7 registered domain names in China and 7 global domain names.

In addition to the foregoing protections, we generally control access to and use of our proprietary and other confidential information through the use of internal and external controls, such as use of confidentiality agreement with our employees and outside consultants.

Employees

As of the date of this report, we had 221 full-time employees and no part-time employees. Our employees are not represented by a labor organization or covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We believe we maintain good relationships with our employees. The table below sets forth the breakdown of our employees by function as of the date of this report:

Properties

Our headquarters are located in Shenzhen, China, where we own the office building with an aggregate floor area of approximately 640 square meters. Our operations facilities, including those for accounting, supply chain management, quality assurance and customer services, are located at our headquarters. We have supply chain management, sales and marketing, communication and business development personnel at our office in Shenzhen. Our manufacturing facilities, including those for engineering and assembling, are located at our leased factory in Guizhou.

We currently lease and occupy approximately 17,478 square meters of office and factory space in Guizhou, China. and approximately 279 square meters of office space in New Delhi, India. These leases vary in duration from 1 year to 5 years. We believe that our facilities are adequate to meet our needs for the immediate future.

Insurance

We do not maintain property insurance policies covering potential damage to our property. We also do not maintain business interruption insurance or general third-party liability insurance, nor do we maintain product liability insurance or key-man insurance.

Regulations

China

This section sets forth a summary of the most significant rules and regulations that affect our business activities in China.

Regulations relating to Foreign Investment

The Guidance Catalogue of Industries for Foreign Investment

Investment activities in the PRC by foreign investors are subject to the Catalogue for the Guidance of Foreign Investment Industry, or the Catalogue, which was promulgated and is amended from time to time by the MOFCOM and the NDRC. The Foreign Investment Catalogue which was promulgated jointly by MOFCOM and the NDRC, on June 28, 2017 and became effective on July 28, 2017, classifies industries into three categories with regard to foreign investment: (1) “encouraged”, (2) “restricted”, and (3) “prohibited”. The latter two categories are included in a negative list, which was first introduced into the Foreign Investment Catalog in 2017 and specified the restrictive measures for the entry of foreign investment.

On June 28, 2018, MOFCOM and NDRC jointly promulgated the Special Administrative Measures for Access of Foreign Investment (Negative List), or the Negative List (Edition 2018), which replaced the negative list attached to the Foreign Investment Catalogue in 2017. On June 30, 2019, MOFCOM and NDRC jointly issued the Special Administrative Measures for Access of Foreign Investment (Negative List), or the Negative List (Edition 2019), which replaced the Negative List (Edition 2018), and the Catalogue of Industries for Encouraging Foreign Investment (Edition 2019), or the Encouraging Catalogue (Edition 2019), which replaced the encouraged list attached to the Foreign Investment Catalogue in 2017. On June 23, 2020, MOFCOM and NDRC jointly issued the Special Administrative Measures for Access of Foreign Investment (Negative List), or the Negative List (Edition 2020), which replaced the Negative List (Edition 2019).

Pursuant to the Negative List (Edition 2020) effective on July 23, 2020, any industry that is not listed in any of the restricted or prohibited categories is classified as a permitted industry for foreign investment. Establishment of wholly foreign-owned enterprises is generally allowed for industries outside of the Negative List. For the restricted industries within the Negative List, some are limited to equity or contractual joint ventures, while in some cases Chinese partners are required to hold the majority interests in such joint ventures. In addition, restricted category projects are subject to higher-level government approvals and certain special requirements. Foreign investors are not allowed to invest in industries in the prohibited category. Industries not listed in the Negative List are generally open to foreign investment unless specifically restricted by other PRC regulations.

The Encouraging Catalogue (Edition 2020) effective on January 27, 2021, which replaced the Encouraging Catalogue (Edition 2019) effective on July 30, 2019, is divided into two parts, namely the Nationwide Catalogue of Encouraged Industries for Foreign Investment and the Catalogue of Priority Industries for Foreign Investment in Central and Western China. The Nationwide Catalogue of Encouraged Industries for Foreign Investment lists a total of 480 industry sectors that encourage foreign investments; the Catalogue of Priority Industries for Foreign Investment in Central and Western China lists industry sectors that each province and city wish to introduce.

In October 2016, the MOFCOM issued the Interim Measures for Record-filing Administration of the Establishment and Change of Foreign-invested Enterprises or FIE Record-filing Interim Measures, which was revised in June 2018. Pursuant to FIE Record-filing Interim Measures, the establishment and change of FIE are subject to record-filing procedures, instead of prior approval requirements, provided that the establishment or change does not involve special entry administration measures. If the establishment or change of FIE matters involves the special entry administration measures, the approval of the MOFCOM or its local counterparts is still required. Pursuant to the Announcement [2016] No. 22 of the NDRC and the MOFCOM dated October 8, 2016, the special entry administration measures for foreign investment apply to restricted and prohibited categories specified in the Catalogue, and the encouraged categories are subject to certain requirements relating to equity ownership and senior management under the special entry administration measures.

Currently, our business related to the operation of designing, manufacturing and marketing mobile communication devices, and selling a variety of related accessories falls within the permitted category.

The Foreign Investment Law

On March 15, 2019, the National People’s Congress approved the Foreign Investment Law, which took effect on January 1, 2020 and replaced three existing laws on foreign investments in China, namely, the PRC Sino-foreign Equity Joint Venture Law, the PRC Sino-foreign Cooperative Joint Venture Law and the PRC Wholly Foreign-owned Enterprise Law, together with their implementation rules and ancillary regulations. On December 26, 2019, the Regulation on the Implementation of the Foreign Investment Law of the People’s Republic of China, was issued by the State Council and came into force on January 1, 2020. The organization form, organization and activities of foreign-invested enterprises shall be governed, among others, by the PRC Company Law and the PRC Partnership Enterprise Law. Foreign-invested enterprises established before the implementation of this Law may retain the original business organization and so on within five years after the implementation of this Law. The Foreign Investment Law embodies an expected PRC regulatory trend to rationalize its foreign investment regulatory regime in line with prevailing international practice and the legislative efforts to unify the corporate legal requirements for both foreign and domestic invested enterprises in China. The Foreign Investment Law establishes the basic framework for the access to, and the promotion, protection and administration of foreign investments in view of investment protection and fair competition.

According to the Foreign Investment Law, “foreign investment” refers to investment activities directly or indirectly conducted by one or more natural persons, business entities, or otherwise organizations of a foreign country (collectively referred to as “foreign investor”) within China, and the investment activities include the following situations: (i) a foreign investor, individually or collectively with other investors establishes a foreign-invested enterprise within China; (ii) a foreign investor acquires stock shares, equity shares, shares in assets, or other like rights and interests of an enterprise within China; (iii) a foreign investor, individually or collectively with other investors, invests and establishes new projects within China; and (iv) a foreign investor invests through other approaches as stipulated by laws, administrative regulations, or otherwise regulated by the State Council.

According to the Foreign Investment Law, the State Council will publish or approve to publish the “negative list” for special administrative measures concerning foreign investment. The Foreign Investment Law grants national treatment to foreign-invested entities, or FIEs, except for those FIEs that operate in industries deemed to be either “restricted” or “prohibited” in the “negative list”. The Foreign Investment Law provides that FIEs operating in foreign restricted or prohibited industries will require market entry clearance and other approvals from relevant PRC governmental authorities. If a foreign investor is found to invest in any prohibited industry in the “negative list”, such foreign investor may be required to, among other aspects, cease its investment activities, dispose of its equity interests or assets within a prescribed time limit and have its income confiscated. If the investment activity of a foreign investor is in breach of any special administrative measure for restrictive access provided for in the “negative list”, the relevant competent department shall order the foreign investor to make corrections and take necessary measures to meet the requirements of the special administrative measure for restrictive access. On June 23, 2020, MOFCOM and NDRC jointly issued the latest version of Negative List (Edition 2020). See “Regulations — Regulations relating to Foreign Investment — The Guidance Catalogue of Industries for Foreign Investment”.

Besides, the PRC government will establish a foreign investment information reporting system, according to which foreign investors or foreign-invested enterprises shall submit investment information to the competent department for commerce concerned through the enterprise registration system and the enterprise credit information publicity system, and a security review system under which the security review shall be conducted for foreign investment affecting or likely affecting the state security.

Furthermore, the Foreign Investment Law provides that foreign invested enterprises established according to the existing laws regulating foreign investment may maintain their structure and corporate governance within five years after the implementing of the Foreign Investment Law.

In addition, the Foreign Investment Law also provides several protective rules and principles for foreign investors and their investments in the PRC, including, among others, that a foreign investor may freely transfer into or out of China, in Renminbi or a foreign currency, its contributions, profits, capital gains, income from disposition of assets, royalties of intellectual property rights, indemnity or compensation lawfully acquired, and income from liquidation, among others, within China; local governments shall abide by their commitments to the foreign investors; governments at all levels and their departments shall enact local normative documents concerning foreign investment in compliance with laws and regulations and shall not impair legitimate rights and interests, impose additional obligations onto FIEs, set market access restrictions and exit conditions, or intervene with the normal production and operation activities of FIEs; except for special circumstances, in which case statutory procedures shall be followed and fair and reasonable compensation shall be made in a timely manner, expropriation or requisition of the investment of foreign investors is prohibited; and mandatory technology transfer is prohibited.

Company Law

Pursuant to the PRC Company Law, promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (the “SCNPC”) on December 29, 1993, effective as of July 1, 1994, and as revised on December 25, 1999, August 28, 2004, October 27, 2005, December 28, 2013 and October 26, 2018, the establishment, operation and management of corporate entities in the PRC are governed by the PRC Company Law. The PRC Company Law defines two types of companies: limited liability companies and companies limited by shares.

Our PRC Subsidiary is a limited liability company. Unless otherwise stipulated in the related laws on foreign investment, foreign invested companies are also required to comply with the provisions of the PRC Company Law.

Regulations Relating to Overseas Investment

On December 26, 2017, the NDRC issued the Management Rules for Overseas Investment by Enterprises, or the NDRC Order 11. As defined in the NDRC Order 11, “overseas investment” refers to the investment activities conducted by an enterprise located in the territory of China, either directly or through an offshore enterprise under its control, by making investment with assets and equities or providing financing or a guarantee in order to acquire overseas ownership, control, management rights and other related interests. Furthermore, overseas investment by a Chinese individual through overseas enterprises under his/her control is also subject to the NDRC Order 11. According to the NDRC Order 11, (i) direct overseas investment by Chinese enterprises or indirect overseas investment by Chinese enterprises or individuals in sensitive industries or sensitive countries and regions requires prior approval by the NDRC; (ii) direct overseas investment by Chinese enterprises in non-sensitive industries and non-sensitive countries and regions requires prior filing with the NDRC; and (iii) indirect overseas investment of over US$300 million by Chinese enterprises or individuals in non-sensitive industries and non-sensitive countries and regions requires reporting with the NDRC. Uncertainties remain with respect to the application of the NDRC Order 11, there are very few interpretations, implementation guidance or precedents to follow in practice. We are not sure if UTime Limited was to use a portion of the proceeds raised from our initial public offering to fund investments in and acquisitions of complementary business and assets outside of China, such use of U.S. dollars funds held outside of China would be subject to the NDRC Order 11. We will continue to monitor any new rules, interpretation and guidance promulgated by the NDRC and communicate with the NDRC and its local branches to seek their opinions, when necessary.

Regulations Relating to Manufacture and Sale of Mobile Phones

General Administration of Manufacturing and Selling Mobile Phones

According to the Administrative Regulations for Compulsory Product Certification, which was promulgated by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine PRC (the “AQSIQ”) (which has merged into the State Administration for Market Regulation) on July 3, 2009, products specified by the state shall not be delivered, sold, imported or used in other business activities until they are certified (the “Compulsory Product Certification”) and labeled with China Compulsory Certification mark. For products that are subject to Compulsory Product Certification, the state implements unified product catalogs (the “3C Catalog”), unified compulsory requirements, standards and compliance assessment procedures in technical specification, unified certification marks and unified charging standards. Pursuant to the First Batch Compulsory Product Certification Product Catalog (the “First Batch 3C Product Catalog”) by the AQSIQ and the Certification and Accreditation Administration of the People’s Republic of China (the “CNCA”) on December 3, 2001, mobile user terminals and CDMA digital cellular mobile station are required to obtain the Compulsory Product Certification in order to be delivered, sold, imported or used.

The Regulations on Radio Administration of the PRC jointly issued by the State Council and the Central Military Commission on November 11, 2016 and became effective on December 1, 2016, provide requirements concerning verification and approval of the models of radio transmission equipment. Pursuant to this law, except for micro-power short-range radio transmission equipment, whoever manufactures or imports other radio transmission equipment for sales or use on the domestic market shall apply to the State Radio Administration for model verification and approval. Whoever manufactures or imports radio transmission equipment that has not obtained model verification and approval for sales or use on the domestic market shall be ordered by the relevant radio administration to make correction and subject to fines.

In addition, the Administrative Measures for the Network Access of Telecommunications Equipment, which was promulgated by the Ministry of Information Industry on May 10, 2001 and revised by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (the “MIIT”) on September 23, 2014 provide that the State applies the network access permit system to the telecommunications terminal equipment, radio communications equipment, and equipment relating to network interconnection that is connected to public telecommunications networks. The telecommunications equipment subject to the network access permit system shall obtain the Telecommunications Equipment Network Access Permit issued by the MIIT (the “Network Access Permit”). Without the Network Access Permit, no telecommunications equipment is allowed to be connected to the public telecommunications networks for use nor sold on the domestic market. In the event of an application for the Network Access Permit, a production enterprise shall submit a testing report issued by a telecommunications equipment testing institution or a Compulsory Product Certification. In the event of an application for the network access permit for radio transmission equipment, a Radio Transmission Equipment Type Approval Certificate issued by the MIIT shall also be submitted.

Regulations on Production Safety

Pursuant to the Production Safety Law of the PRC, or the Production Safety Law, which took effect on November 1, 2002 and was amended on August 31, 2014, the entities that are engaged in production and business operation activities must implement national industrial standards which guarantee the production safety and comply with production safety requirements provided by the laws, administrative regulations and national or industrial standards. An entity must take effective measures for safety production, maintain safety facilities, examine the safety production procedures, educate and train employees and take any other measures to ensure the safety of its employees and the public. An entity or its relevant persons-in-charge which has failed to perform such safety production liabilities will be required to make amends within a time limit or face administrative penalties. If it fails to amend within the prescribed time limit, the production and business operation entity may be ordered to suspend business for rectification, and serious violations may result in criminal liabilities.

Regulations on Product Quality

The PRC Product Quality Law, or the Product Quality Law, which was promulgated by the MOFCOM in February 1993 and most recently amended in December 2018, applies to all production and sale activities in China. Pursuant to this law, products offered for sale must satisfy the relevant quality and safety standards. Enterprises may not produce or sell counterfeit products in any fashion, including forging brand labels or giving false information regarding a product’s manufacturer. Any producer or seller producing or selling products that do not conform to the national standards or trade standards for ensuring human health and the personal or property safety shall be ordered to stop production or sale of the products; the products illegally produced or sold shall be confiscated; a fine no less than the equivalent of, but not more than three times, the value of the products illegally produced or sold (including those already sold and those not yet sold, hereinafter the same) shall be imposed concurrently; if there are illegal proceeds, such proceeds shall be confiscated concurrently; if the circumstances are serious, the business license shall be revoked. If the case constitutes a crime, criminal liability shall be investigated. Where a defective product causes physical injury to a person or damage to another person’s property, the victim may claim compensation from the manufacturer or from the seller of the product. If the seller pays compensation and it is the manufacturer that should bear the liability, the seller has a right of recourse against the manufacturer and may seek full reimbursement from the manufacturer. Similarly, if the manufacturer pays compensation and it is the seller that should bear the liability, the manufacturer has a right of recourse against the seller and may seek full reimbursement from the seller.

Pursuant to the General Principles of the Civil Law of the PRC promulgated by the National People’s Congress, or NPC, on April 12, 1986 and amended on August 27, 2009, both manufacturers and sellers shall be held liable where the defective products result in property damages or bodily injuries to others. Pursuant to the Tort Liability Law of the PRC promulgated by the Standing Committee of the NPC on December 26, 2009 and effective from July 1, 2010, manufacturers shall assume tort liabilities where the defects in products cause damages to others. Sellers shall assume tort liabilities where the defects in products that have caused damages to others are attributable to the sellers. The aggrieved party may claim for compensation from the manufacturer or the seller of the defected product that has caused damage.

On May 28, 2020, the Third Session of the 13^th National People’s Congress passed the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China which took effect on January 1, 2021, and replaced the Tort Liability Law of the PRC. According to the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China, the aggrieved party shall be entitled to require the manufacturer or seller to assume the tort liability by ceasing infringement, removing the obstruction, or eliminating the danger when the defect of a product endangers the personal or property safety.

Regulations on Consumer Protection

The PRC Consumer Protection Law, as amended on October 25, 2013 and effective on March 15, 2014, sets out the obligations of business operators and the rights and interests of the consumers. Pursuant to this law, business operators must guarantee that the commodities they sell satisfy the requirements for personal or property safety, provide consumers with authentic information about the commodities, and guarantee the quality, function, usage and term of validity of the commodities. Failure to comply with the Consumer Protection Law may subject business operators to civil liabilities such as refunding purchase prices, exchange of commodities, repairing, ceasing damages, compensation, and restoring reputation, and even subject the business operators or the responsible individuals to criminal penalties if business operators commit crimes by infringing the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. The amended PRC Consumer Protection Law further strengthens the protection of consumers and imposes more stringent requirements and obligations on business operators, especially on the business operators through the Internet. For example, the consumers are entitled to return the goods (except for certain specific goods) within seven days upon receipt without any reasons when they purchase the goods from business operators via the Internet. The consumers whose interests have been damaged due to their purchase of goods or acceptance of services on online marketplace platforms may claim damages from sellers or service providers.

Where business operators use internet, television, telephone, mail or other means to provide goods or services, or provide securities, insurance, banking or other financial services, they shall provide consumers with information in regard to themselves and the goods or services provided such as business address, contact information, quantity and quality, price or fees, term and method of performance, safety precautions, risk warnings, after-sale services, and civil liabilities. Consumers whose legitimate rights and interests are infringed while purchasing goods or receiving services via an online trading platform shall have the right to claim compensation from the vendor of the goods or the provider of the services. If the goods or services a business operator provide have caused personal injuries to consumers or other victims, the business operator shall compensate for the medical expenses, nursing expenses, transportation expenses and other reasonable fees for treatment and rehabilitation as well as the reduced income for loss of working time.

According to the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China effective on January 1, 2021, producers shall bear tortious liability for any damage caused by their defective products, while distributors shall bear tortious liability for any damage caused due to defects resulting from their own fault.

Registrations for Import and Export Goods

Pursuant to the Customs Law of the People’s Republic of China promulgated by the SCNPC on January 22, 1987 and amended on July 8, 2000, June 29, 2013, December 28, 2013, November 7, 2016 and November 4, 2017 unless otherwise stipulated, the declaration of import and export goods may be made by consignees and consignors themselves, and such formalities may also be completed by their entrusted customs brokers that have registered with the Customs. The consignees and consignors for import or export of goods and the customs brokers engaged in customs declaration shall register with the Customs in accordance with the laws.

Pursuant to the Administrative Provisions of the Customs of the People’s Republic of China on the Registration of Customs Declaration Entities promulgated by the General Administration of Customs on March 13, 2014 and amended on May 29, 2018, coming into force on July 1, 2018, the registration of customs declaration entities comprises the registration of the customs declaration enterprise and the registration of the consignor or consignee of imported and exported goods. The consignor or consignee of imported and exported goods shall register with local customs in accordance with the laws.

Regulation on Information Security

The SCNPC promulgated the Cyber Security Law of the PRC, or the Cyber Security Law, which became effective on June 1, 2017, to protect cyberspace security and order. Pursuant to the Cyber Security Law, any individual or organization using the network must comply with the constitution and the applicable laws, follow the public order and respect social moralities, and must not endanger cyber security, or engage in activities by making use of the network that endanger the national security, honor and interests, or infringe on the fame, privacy, intellectual property and other legitimate rights and interests of others. The Cyber Security Law sets forth various security protection obligations for network operators, which are defined as “owners and administrators of networks and network service providers”, including, among others, complying with a series of requirements of tiered cyber protection systems; verifying users’ real identity; localizing the personal information and important data gathered and produced by key information infrastructure operators during operations within the PRC; and providing assistance and support to government authorities where necessary for protecting national security and investigating crimes. To comply with these laws and regulations, we have adopted security policies and measures to protect our cyber system and user information.

Regulations Relating to Operation of Medical Devices

According to the Regulation on the Supervision and Administration of Medical Devices promulgated by the State Council, which was amended on December 21, 2020 and effective on June 1, 2021, the medical devices shall be classified into three categories based on the degree of risk. Class I medical devices shall refer to those devices with low risk and whose safety and effectiveness can be ensured through routine administration. Class II medical devices shall refer to those devices with medium risk and whose safety and effectiveness should be strictly controlled. Class III medical devices shall refer to those devices with high risk and whose safety and effectiveness must be strictly controlled with special measures.

Pursuant to the Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Medical Devices Operation promulgated by the China Food and Drug Administration on July 30, 2014 and amended on November 7, 2017 (the “PRC Medical Device Regulations”), an enterprise engaging in the operation of medical devices shall have business premises and storage conditions suitable for the operation scale and scope, and shall have a quality control department or personnel suitable for the medical devices it operates. An enterprise engaged in the operation of Class II medical devices shall file with the municipal level food and drug supervision and administration department and provide proofing materials for satisfying the relevant conditions of engaging in the operation of medical devices, while an enterprise engaged in the operation of Class III medical devices shall apply for an operation permit to the municipal level food and drug supervision and administration department and provide proofing materials for satisfying the relevant conditions of engaging in the operation of such medical devices. The food and drug supervision and administration department which receives operation permit application shall grant the operation permit if the enterprise meets the prescribed requirements. An operation permit is valid for five years and may be renewed pursuant to the relevant regulations. An enterprise engaging in medical devices operation shall not operate or use any medical device that has not been legally registered, without qualification certificate, out-dated, invalid or disqualified.

Furthermore, according to the Announcement of the Ministry of Commerce, the General Administration of Customs and the National Medical Products Administration on Conducting the Export of Medical Supplies in an Orderly Manner issued on March 31, 2020 (the “PRC Medical Supplies Export Measures”), during the special period of prevention and control of the COVID-19 outbreak, for the purposes of effectively supporting the global fight against the COVID-19 outbreak, and ensuring product quality safety and regulating export order, beginning on April 1, 2020, the enterprises that export novel coronavirus testing reagents, medical masks, medical protective suits, ventilators, and infrared thermometers shall, when declaring to Customs, provide written or electronic statements, and make a commitment that the exported products have obtained the registration certificates of China’s medical device products and meet the requirements of quality standards of the importing countries (regions). The Customs shall check and release products based on the medical device product registration certificates approved by the drug supervision and administration departments. The regulatory measures for the export quality of the aforementioned medical supplies shall be adjusted dynamically in light of the development of the epidemic situation.

Since March 2020 the Company has participated in efforts to stem the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic, namely, by serving as a temporary distributor of face masks to an existing overseas client in Brazil. These completed purchase orders, which aggregated approximately US$6.7 million as of the date of this report, have helped the Company to maintain revenue and cash flow to a certain extent. However, the Company does not intend for this revenue stream to become part of its long-term business strategy.

We have obtained the Class II record-filing certificate for medical device business operations from the PRC government in compliance with the PRC Medical Device Regulations, which is within the validity term and enables us to distribute surgical and non-surgical face masks. All the face masks sold under the above-mentioned purchase orders were sold to the customer with delivery terms entered into on a Free On Board basis at Shenzhen port. Due to the FOB method of delivery utilized for these face mask orders, the Company is not required to handle import customs formalities for the country of destination. As of July 21, 2021, all the transactions regarding to face masks have been completed, and in the course of such transactions the customer has not required the Company to comply with the relevant regulations in Brazil. However, we have distributed all face masks by following the above-mentioned PRC regulations and all face masks sold by the Company have been certified by the competent Medical Products Administration. We have provided statements to the PRC Customs when declaring our face masks for export, certifying that the exported face masks have obtained the applicable registration certificate for China’s medical device products and meet the requirements of quality standards of the importing countries. As of the date of this report, the PRC Customs has checked and released for export all of our face masks to Brazil, and the Company’s face mask distribution activity has not violated any PRC laws and regulations on the supervision of medical supplies.

Regulations on Intellectual Property Rights

The PRC has adopted comprehensive legislation governing intellectual property rights, including patents, trademarks, copyrights and domain names.

Patents

Pursuant to the PRC Patent Law, promulgated in December 2008, which became effective in October 2009 and was recently revised by the SCNPC on October 17, 2020 (which shall become effective on June 1, 2021), and its implementation rules, most recently amended on January 9, 2010, patents in China fall into three categories: invention, utility model and design. An invention patent is granted to a new technical solution proposed in respect of a product or method or an improvement of a product or method. A utility model is granted to a new technical solution that is practicable for application and proposed in respect of the shape, structure or a combination of both of a product. A design patent is granted to a new design of the shape, pattern, or a combination thereof, as well as a combination of the color, shape and pattern, of the entirety or a portion of a product, which creates an aesthetic feeling and is fit for industrial application. Under the PRC Patent Law, the term of patent protection starts from the date of application. The duration of patent right for inventions shall be twenty years, and the duration of patent right for utility models shall be ten years, and the duration of patent right for designs shall be 15 years, counted from the date of filing. The PRC Patent Law adopts the principle of “first-to-file” system, which provides that where more than one person files a patent application for the same invention, a patent will be granted to the person who files the application first.

Existing patents can become narrowed, invalid or unenforceable due to a variety of grounds, including lack of novelty, creativity, and deficiencies in patent application. In China, a patent must have novelty, creativity and practical applicability. Under the PRC Patent Law, novelty means that before a patent application is filed, no identical invention or utility model has been publicly disclosed in any publication in China or overseas or has been publicly used or made known to the public by any other means, whether in or outside of China, nor has any other person filed with the patent authority an application that describes an identical invention or utility model and is recorded in patent application documents or patent documents published after the filing date. Creativity means that, compared with existing technology, an invention has prominent substantial features and represents notable progress, and a utility model has substantial features and represents any progress. Practical applicability means an invention or utility model can be manufactured or used and may produce positive results. Patents in China are filed with the State Intellectual Property Office, or SIPO. Normally, the SIPO publishes an application for an invention patent within 18 months after the filing date, which may be shortened at the request of applicant. The applicant must apply to the SIPO for a substantive examination within three years from the date of application.

Article 20 of the PRC Patent Law provides that, for an invention or utility model completed in China, any applicant (not just Chinese companies and individuals), before filing a patent application outside of China, must first submit it to the SIPO for a confidential examination. Failure to comply with this requirement will result in the denial of any Chinese patent for the relevant invention. This added requirement of confidential examination by the SIPO has raised concerns by foreign companies who conduct research and development activities in China or outsource research and development activities to service providers in China.

Patent Enforcement

Unauthorized use of patents without consent from owners of patents, forgery of the patents belonging to other persons, or engagement in other patent infringement acts, will subject the infringers to infringement liability. Serious offences such as forgery of patents may be subject to criminal penalties.

When a dispute arises out of infringement of the patent owner’s patent right, Chinese law requires that the parties first attempt to settle the dispute through mutual consultation. However, if the dispute cannot be settled through mutual consultation, the patent owner, or an interested party who believes the patent is being infringed, may either file a civil legal suit or file an administrative complaint with the relevant patent administration authority. A Chinese court may issue a preliminary injunction upon the patent owner’s or an interested party’s request before instituting any legal proceedings or during the proceedings. Damages for infringement are calculated as the loss suffered by the patent holder arising from the infringement, or the benefit gained by the infringer from the infringement. If it is difficult to ascertain damages in this manner, damages may be determined by using a reasonable multiple of the license fee under a contractual license. Statutory damages may be awarded in the circumstances where the damages cannot be determined by the above mentioned calculation standards. Generally, the patent owner has the burden of proving that the patent is being infringed. However, if the owner of an invention patent for manufacturing process of a new product alleges infringement of its patent, the alleged infringer has the burden of proof.

As of the date of this report, we had 34 patents granted in China.

Trademark Law

The PRC Trademark Law and its implementation rules protect registered trademarks. The PRC Trademark Office of National Intellectual Property Administration is responsible for the registration and administration of trademarks throughout the PRC. The Trademark Law has adopted a “first-to-file” principle with respect to trademark registration. The validity period of registered trademarks is ten years from the date of approval of trademark application, and may be renewed for another ten years provided relevant application procedures have been completed within twelve months before the end of the validity period. As of the date of this report, we owned 23 registered trademarks in different applicable trademark categories in China and we owned 23 registered trademarks in different applicable trademark categories outside of China and were in the process of applying to register 6 trademarks outside of China.

In addition, pursuant to the PRC Trademark Law, counterfeit or unauthorized production of the label of another person’s registered trademark, or sale of any label that is counterfeited or produced without authorization will be deemed as an infringement to the exclusive right to use a registered trademark. The infringing party will be ordered to stop the infringement immediately, a fine may be imposed and the counterfeit goods will be confiscated. The infringing party may also be held liable for the right holder’s damages, which will be equal to the gains obtained by the infringing party or the losses suffered by the right holder as a result of the infringement, including reasonable expenses incurred by the right holder for stopping the infringement. If the gains or losses are difficult to determine, the court may render a judgment awarding damages of no more than RMB5 million.

Software Copyright Law

The newly amended Copyright Law or the Copyright Law, consists of 67 articles in six chapters, and shall come into force on 1 June 2021. The Copyright Law provides that Chinese citizens, legal entities or unincorporated organizations, whether published or not, shall enjoy copyright in their works, which refer to ingenious intellectual achievements in the fields of literature, art and science that can be presented in a certain form. The purpose of the Copyright Law aims to encourage the creation and dissemination of works that are beneficial for the construction of socialist spiritual civilization and material civilization and promote the development and prosperity of Chinese culture. The term of protection for copyrighted software of legal persons is fifty years and ends on December 31 of the 50^th year from the date of first publishing of the software.

In order to further implement the Computer Software Protection Regulations promulgated by the State Council in 2001, and amended subsequently, the State Copyright Bureau issued the Computer Software Copyright Registration Procedures in 2002, which apply to software copyright registration, license contract registration and transfer contract registration.

As of the date of this report, we had registered 43 software copyrights in China.

Regulation on Domain Name

The domain names are protected under the Administrative Measures on the Internet Domain Names of China promulgated by MIIT on November 5, 2004 and effective on December 20, 2004, and was replaced by the Administrative Measures on the Internet Domain Names promulgated by MIIT on August 24, 2017, which became effective on November 1, 2017. MIIT is the major regulatory body responsible for the administration of the PRC Internet domain names, under supervision of which China Internet Network Information Center, or CNNIC, is responsible for the daily administration of CN domain names and Chinese domain names. On September 25, 2002, CNNIC promulgated the Implementation Rules of Registration of Domain Name, or the CNNIC Rules, which was renewed on June 5, 2009 and May 29, 2012, respectively. Pursuant to the Administrative Measures on the Internet Domain Names and the CNNIC Rules, the registration of domain names adopts the “first to file” principle and the registrant shall complete the registration via the domain name registration service institutions. In the event of a domain name dispute, the disputed parties may lodge a complaint to the designated domain name dispute resolution institution to trigger the domain name dispute resolution procedure in accordance with the CNNIC Measures on Resolution of the Top Level Domains Disputes, file a suit to the People’s Court or initiate an arbitration procedure.

As of the date of this report, we had registered 14 domain names.

Regulations on Labor Protection

The principal laws that govern employment include: (i) the Labor Law of the PRC, or the Labor Law, promulgated by the SCNPC on July 5, 1994, which has been effective since January 1, 1995 and most recently amended on December 29, 2018; and (ii) the Labor Contract Law of the PRC, or the Labor Contract Law, which was promulgated by the SCNPC on June 29, 2007, came into effect on January 1, 2008, and was amended on December 28, 2012 and became effective as of July 1, 2013, and the Implementation Regulations on Labor Contract Law, which was promulgated on September 18, 2008, and became effective since the same day.

According to the Labor Law, an employer shall develop and improve its rules and regulations to safeguard the rights of its workers. An employer shall develop and improve its labor safety and health system, stringently implement national protocols and standards on labor safety and health, conduct labor safety and health education for workers, guard against labor accidents and reduce occupational hazards. Labor safety and health facilities must comply with relevant national standards. An employer must provide workers with the necessary labor protection gear that complies with labor safety and health conditions stipulated under national regulations, as well as provide regular health checks for workers that are engaged in operations with occupational hazards. Laborers engaged in special operations shall have received specialized training and have obtained the pertinent qualifications. An employer shall develop a vocational training system. Vocational training funds shall be set aside and used in accordance with national regulations and vocational training for workers shall be carried out systematically based on the actual conditions of the company.

The Labor Contract Law and its implementation rules regulate both parties through a labor contract, namely the employer and the employee, and contain specific provisions involving the terms of the labor contract. It is stipulated under the Labor Contract Law and the Implementation Regulations on Labor Contract Law that a labor contract must be made in writing. If an employer fails to enter into a written employment contract with an employee within one year from the date on which the employment relationship is established, the employer must rectify the situation by entering into a written employment contract with the employee and pay the employee twice the employee’s salary for the period from the day following the lapse of one month from the date of establishment of the employment relationship to the day prior to the execution of the written employment contract. In addition, an employer is obligated to sign an indefinite term labor contract with an employee if the employer continues to employ the employee after two consecutive fixed term labor contracts. The Labor Contract Law and its implementation rules also require compensation to be paid upon certain terminations, which significantly affects the cost of reducing workforce for employers. In addition, if an employer intends to enforce a non-compete provision in an employment contract or non-competition agreement with an employee, it has to compensate the employee on a monthly basis during the term of the restriction period after the termination or expiry of the labor contract. Employers in most cases are also required to provide severance payment to their employees after their employment relationships are terminated.

Enterprises in China are required by PRC laws and regulations to participate in certain employee benefit plans, including social insurance funds, namely a pension plan, a medical insurance plan, an unemployment insurance plan, a work-related injury insurance plan and a maternity insurance plan, and a housing provident fund, and contribute to the plans or funds in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of the employees as specified by the local government from time to time at locations where they operate their businesses or where they are located.

According to the Interim Regulations on the Collection and Payment of Social Insurance Premiums, the Regulations on Work Injury Insurance, the Regulations on Unemployment Insurance and the Trial Measures on Employee Maternity Insurance of Enterprises, enterprises in the PRC shall provide benefit plans for their employees, which include basic pension insurance, unemployment insurance, maternity insurance, work injury insurance and basic medical insurance. An enterprise must provide social insurance by processing social insurance registration with local social insurance agencies, and shall pay or withhold relevant social insurance premiums for or on behalf of employees. The Law on Social Insurance of the PRC, which was promulgated by the SCNPC on October 28, 2010, became effective on July 1, 2011, and was most recently updated on December 29, 2018, has consolidated pertinent provisions for basic pension insurance, unemployment insurance, maternity insurance, work injury insurance and basic medical insurance, and has elaborated in detail the legal obligations and liabilities of employers who do not comply with relevant laws and regulations on social insurance. Without force majeure reasons, employers must not suspend or reduce their payment of social insurance for employees, otherwise, competent governmental authorities will have the power to enforce employers to pay up social insurance within a prescribed time limit, and a fine of 0.05% of the unpaid social insurance can be charged on the part of the employers per day commencing from the first day of default. Provided that the employers still fail to make the payment within the prescribed time limit, a fine of over one time and up to three times of the unpaid sum of social insurance can be charged.

According to the Regulations on the Administration of Housing Provident Fund, which was promulgated by the State Counsel and became effective on April 3, 1999, and was amended on March 24, 2002 and was partially revised on March 24, 2019 by Decision of the State Council on Revising Some Administrative Regulations (Decree No. 710 of the State Council), housing provident fund contributions by an individual employee and housing provident fund contributions by his or her employer shall belong to the individual employee. Registration by PRC companies at the applicable housing provident fund management center is compulsory and a special housing provident fund account for each of the employees shall be opened at an entrusted bank.

The employer shall timely pay up and deposit housing provident fund contributions in full amount and late or insufficient payments shall be prohibited. The employer shall process housing provident fund payment and deposit registrations with the housing provident fund administration center. Under the circumstances where financial difficulties do exist due to which an employer is unable to pay or pay up housing provident funds, permission of labor union of the employer and approval of the local housing provident funds commission must first be obtained before the employer can suspend or reduce their payment of housing provident funds. With respect to companies who violate the above regulations and fail to process housing provident fund payment and deposit registrations or open housing provident fund accounts for their employees, such companies shall be ordered by the housing provident fund administration center to complete such procedures within a designated period. Those who fail to process their registrations within the designated period shall be subject to a fine ranging from RMB10,000 to RMB50,000. When companies breach these regulations and fail to pay up housing provident fund contributions in full amount as due, the housing provident fund administration center shall order such companies to pay up within a designated period, and may further apply to the People’s Court for mandatory enforcement against those who still fail to comply after the expiry of such period.

Regulations on Tax

PRC Enterprise Income Tax

The PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, or EIT Law, which was promulgated on March 16, 2007 and took effect on January 1, 2008, and further amended on February 24, 2017 and December 29, 2018, imposes a uniform enterprise income tax rate of 25% on all PRC resident enterprises, including foreign-invested enterprises, unless they qualify certain exceptions. The enterprise income tax is calculated based on the PRC resident enterprise’s global income as determined under PRC tax laws and accounting standards. Under the PRC EIT Law, an enterprise established outside China with “de facto management bodies” within China is considered a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterprise income tax purposes and is generally subject to a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate on its worldwide income. Under the implementation regulations to the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, a “de facto management body” is defined as the body that exercises full and substantial control and overall management over the business, productions, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. If a non-resident enterprise sets up an organization or establishment in the PRC, it will be subject to enterprise income tax for the income derived from such organization or establishment in the PRC and for the income derived from outside the PRC but with an actual connection with such organization or establishment in the PRC. However, if non-resident enterprises have not formed permanent establishments or premises in the PRC, or if they have formed permanent establishments or premises in the PRC but their relevant income derived in the PRC is not related to those establishments, then their enterprise income tax would be set at a rate of 10% for their income sourced from inside the PRC.

The PRC EIT Law and its implementation rules, which was promulgated on December 6, 2007 and took effect on January 1, 2008 and partly amended on April 23, 2019 and became effective on the same date, permit certain “high and new technology enterprises strongly supported by the state” that independently own core intellectual property and meet statutory criteria, to enjoy a reduced 15% enterprise income tax rate. On January 29, 2016, the State Administration for Taxation, or SAT, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Finance jointly issued the Administrative Rules for the Certification of High and New Technology Enterprises specifying the criteria and procedures for the certification of High and New Technology Enterprises, and the certificate of a high and new technology enterprise, is valid for three years.

Pursuant to Circular of the State Administration of Taxation on Printing and Distributing the Implementing Measures for Special Tax Adjustments (for Trial Implementation), effective on January 1, 2008, enterprises shall adopt a reasonable transfer pricing method when conducting transactions with their affiliates. Tax authorities have the power to assess whether related transactions conform to the principle of equity and make adjustments accordingly. Therefore, the invested enterprise should faithfully report relevant information of its related transactions. Pursuant to the Announcement of the State Administration of Taxation on Issuing the Administrative Measures for Special Tax Adjustment and Investigation and Mutual Consultation Procedures, effective on May 1, 2017, an enterprise may adjust and pay taxes at its own discretion when it receives a special tax adjustment risk warning or identifies its own special tax adjustment risks, and the tax authorities may also carry out special tax investigation and adjustment in accordance with the relevant provisions in regard to enterprises that adjust and pay taxes at their own discretion.

In January 2009, the SAT promulgated the Provisional Measures for the Administration of Withholding of Enterprise Income Tax for Non-resident Enterprises, or the Non-resident Enterprises Measures, which was repealed by Announcement of the State Administration of Taxation on Issues Relating to Withholding at Source of Income Tax of Non-resident Enterprises in December 2017. According to the new announcement, it shall apply to handling of matters relating to withholding at source of income tax of non-resident enterprises pursuant to the provisions of Article 37, Article 39 and Article 40 of the Enterprise Income Tax Law. According to Article 37, Article 39 of the Enterprise Income Tax Law, income tax over non-resident enterprise income pursuant to the provisions of the third paragraph of Article 3 shall be subject to withholding at the source, where the payer shall act as the withholding agent. The tax amount for each payment made or due shall be withheld by the withholding agent from the amount paid or payable. Where a withholding agent fails to withhold tax or perform tax withholding obligations pursuant to the provisions of Article 37, the taxpayer shall pay tax at the place where the income is derived. Where the taxpayer fails to pay tax pursuant to law, the tax authorities may demand payment of the tax amount payable, from a payer of the taxpayer with payable tax amounts from other taxable income items in China.

On April 30, 2009, the MOFCOM and the SAT jointly issued the Circular on Issues Concerning Treatment of Enterprise Income Tax in Enterprise Restructuring Business, or Circular 59, which became effective retroactively as of January 1, 2008 and was partially revised on January 1, 2014. By promulgating and implementing this circular, the PRC tax authorities have enhanced their scrutiny over the direct or indirect transfer of equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise by a Non-resident Enterprise.

On February 3, 2015, the SAT issued the Announcement of the State Administration of Taxation on Several Issues Relating to Enterprise Income Tax of Transfers of Assets between Non-resident Enterprises, or SAT Bulletin 7, which was partially abolished on December 29, 2017. SAT Bulletin 7 extends its tax jurisdiction to transactions involving transfer of immovable property in China and assets held under the establishment, and placement in China, of a foreign company through the offshore transfer of a foreign intermediate holding company. SAT Bulletin 7 also addresses transfer of the equity interest in a foreign intermediate holding company broadly. In addition, SAT Bulletin 7 introduces safe harbor scenarios applicable to internal group restructurings. However, it also brings challenges to both the foreign transferor and transferee of the Indirect Transfer as they have to assess whether the transaction should be subject to PRC tax and to file or withhold the PRC tax accordingly.

On October 17, 2017, the SAT issued the Announcement of the State Administration of Taxation on Issues Concerning the Withholding of Non-resident Enterprise Income Tax at Source, or SAT Bulletin 37, which came into effect on December 1, 2017 and was revised on June 15, 2018. The SAT Bulletin 37 further clarifies the practice and procedure of withholding of non-resident enterprise income tax.

If non-resident investors were involved in our private equity financing, if such transactions were determined by the tax authorities to lack reasonable commercial purpose, we and our non-resident investors may be at risk of being required to file a return and be taxed under SAT Bulletin 7 and we may be required to expend valuable resources to comply with SAT Bulletin 7 or to establish that we should not be held liable for any obligations under SAT Bulletin 7.

PRC Value Added Tax

According to the Temporary Regulations on Value-added Tax, which was most recently amended on November 19, 2017, and the Detailed Implementing Rules of the Temporary Regulations on Value-added Tax, which was amended on October 28, 2011, and became effective on November 1, 2011, all taxpayers selling goods, providing processing, repair or replacement services or importing goods within the PRC shall pay Value-Added Tax. The tax rate of 17% shall be levied on general taxpayers selling or importing various goods; the tax rate of 17% shall be levied on the taxpayers providing processing, repairing or replacement service; the applicable rate for the export of goods by taxpayers shall be zero, unless otherwise stipulated.

On January 1, 2012, the State Council officially launched a pilot value-added tax reform program, or the Pilot Program, applicable to businesses in selected industries. Businesses in the Pilot Program would pay value added tax, or VAT, instead of business tax. The Pilot Program initially applied only to transportation industry and “modern service industries” in Shanghai and would be expanded to eight trial regions (including Beijing and Guangdong province) and nationwide if conditions permit. The pilot industries in Shanghai included industries involving the leasing of tangible movable property, transportation services, research and development and technical services, information technology services, cultural and creative services, logistics and ancillary services, certification and consulting services. Revenues generated by advertising services, a type of “cultural and creative services”, are subject to the VAT tax rate of 6%. According to official announcements made by competent authorities in Beijing and Guangdong province, Beijing launched the same Pilot Program on September 1, 2012, and Guangdong province launched it on November 1, 2012.

On May 24, 2013, the MOFCOM and the SAT issued the Circular on Tax Policies in the Nationwide Pilot Collection of Value Added Tax in Lieu of Business Tax in the Transportation Industry and Certain Modern Services Industries, or the Pilot Collection Circular. The scope of certain modern services industries under the Pilot Collection Circular extends to the inclusion of radio and television services.

On March 23, 2016, the MOFCOM and the SAT jointly issued the Circular on the Pilot Program for Overall Implementation of the Collection of Value Added Tax Instead of Business Tax, or Circular 36, which took effect on May 1, 2016. Pursuant to the Circular 36, all of the companies operating in construction, real estate, finance, modern service or other sectors which were required to pay business tax are required to pay VAT, in lieu of business tax. The VAT rate is 6%, except for rate of 11% for real estate sale, land use right transferring and providing service of transportation, postal sector, basic telecommunications, construction, real estate lease; rate of 17% for providing lease service of tangible property; and rate of zero for specific cross-bond activities.

At the State Council executive meeting on March 28, 2018, China’s State Council has announced the VAT rate on manufacturing is to be cut by one percent to 16% which took effect on May 1, 2018. On April 4, 2018, the Ministry of Finance and the SAT promulgated the Notice on Adjusting Value-added Tax Rates, which reduced the tax rates for sale, import and export of goods, as well as the deduction rate for taxpayer’s purchaser of agricultural products. According to the Announcement on Relevant Policies for Deepening the Value-Added Tax Reform, which is jointly issued by Ministry of Finance, SAT and the General Administration of Customs on March 20, 2019 and took effect on April 1, 2019, The tax rate of 16% applicable to the VAT taxable sale or import of goods by a general VAT taxpayer shall be adjusted to 13%.

According to the Circular of the SAT on Printing and Distributing the Administrative Measures for Tax Refund (Exemption) for Exported Goods (for Trial Implementation), effective on May 1, 2005, unless otherwise provided by law, for the goods as exported via an export agency, the exporter may, after the export declaration and the conclusion of financial settlement for sales, file a report to competent State Taxation Bureau for the approval of refund or exemption of VAT or consumption tax on the strength or the relevant certificates.

PRC Dividend Withholding Tax

Under the PRC tax laws effective prior to January 1, 2008, dividends paid to foreign investors by foreign-invested enterprises were exempt from PRC withholding tax. Pursuant to the EIT Law and the Implementation Rules, dividends generated after January 1, 2008 and payable by a foreign-invested enterprise in China to its foreign enterprise investors are subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless any such foreign investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement.

Pursuant to an Arrangement Between the Mainland of China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Tax Evasion on Income, or the Double Tax Avoidance Arrangement came into effect on December 8, 2006, and other applicable PRC laws and regulations, if a Hong Kong resident enterprise is determined by the competent PRC tax authority to have satisfied the relevant conditions and requirements under such Double Tax Avoidance Arrangement and other applicable laws and regulations, the 10% withholding tax on the dividends the Hong Kong resident enterprise receives from a PRC resident enterprise may be reduced to 5%. According to the Announcement of the SAT on Issuing the Measures for the Administration of Non-resident Taxpayers’ Enjoyment of Treaty Benefits effective on January 1, 2020, non-resident taxpayers can enjoy tax treaty benefits via the “self-assessment of eligibility, claiming treaty benefits, retaining documents for inspection” mechanism. Non-resident taxpayers who have self-assessed that they are eligible for the treaty benefits can claim such tax treaty benefits accordingly provided that they have collected and retained relevant supporting documents for inspection by the tax authorities in their post-filing administration process. Pursuant to the Announcement on Certain Issues with Respect to the “Beneficial Owner” in Tax Treaties, issued by the SAT on February 3, 2018, and effective on April 1, 2018, when determining an applicant’s “beneficial owner” status regarding tax treatments in connection with dividends, interests or royalties in tax treaties, several factors set forth below will be taken into account, although the actual analysis will be fact-specific: (i) whether the applicant is obligated to pay more than 50% of his or her income in 12 months to residents in a third country or region; (ii) whether the business operated by the applicant constitutes a substantial business operation; and (iii) whether the counterparty country or region to the tax treaties does not levy any tax or grant tax exemption on relevant incomes or levy tax at an extremely low rate. The applicant must submit relevant documents to the competent tax authorities to prove his or her “beneficial owner” status. Although our WFOE is currently wholly owned by UTime International Limited, we cannot assure you that we will be able to enjoy the preferential withholding tax rate of 5% under the China-HK Taxation Arrangement.

Regulations on Foreign Exchange

The principal regulations governing foreign currency exchange in China are the PRC Foreign Exchange Administration Regulations, which were promulgated by the State Council on January 29, 1996 and last amended on August 5, 2008. Under the Foreign Exchange Administration Regulations, payments of current account items, such as profit distributions and trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions can be made in foreign currencies without prior approval from State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE, by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, approval from or registration with appropriate government authorities is required where RMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of foreign currency-denominated loans.

On August 29, 2008, SAFE issued the Circular on the Relevant Operating Issues Concerning the Improvement of the Administration of the Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign-Invested Enterprises, or SAFE Circular 142, regulating the conversion by a foreign-invested enterprise of foreign currency-registered capital into RMB by restricting how the converted RMB may be used. SAFE Circular 142 provides that the RMB capital converted from foreign currency registered capital of a foreign-invested enterprise may only be used for purposes within the business scope approved by the applicable government authority and may not be used for equity investments within China. SAFE also strengthened its oversight of the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currency registered capital of foreign-invested enterprises. The use of such RMB capital may not be changed without SAFE’s approval, and such RMB capital may not in any case be used to repay RMB loans if the proceeds of such loans have not been used. On March 30, 2015, SAFE issued SAFE Circular 19, which took effective and replaced SAFE Circular 142 on June 1, 2015. Although SAFE Circular 19 allows for the use of RMB converted from the foreign currency-denominated capital for equity investments in China, the restrictions continue to apply as to foreign-invested enterprises’ use of the converted RMB for purposes beyond the business scope, for entrusted loans or for inter-company RMB loans. SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital Account, or SAFE Circular 16, effective on June 9, 2016, which reiterates some of the rules set forth in SAFE Circular 19, but changes the prohibition against using RMB capital converted from foreign currency-denominated registered capital of a foreign-invested company to issue RMB entrusted loans to a prohibition against using such capital to issue loans to non-associated enterprises. Violations of SAFE Circular 19 or SAFE Circular 16 could result in administrative penalties.

On November 19, 2012, SAFE promulgated the Circular of Further Improving and Adjusting Foreign Exchange Administration Policies on Foreign Direct Investment which substantially amends and simplifies the current foreign exchange procedure. Pursuant to this circular, the opening of various special purpose foreign exchange accounts (e.g., pre-establishment expenses accounts, foreign exchange capital accounts and guarantee accounts), the reinvestment of lawful incomes derived by foreign investors in China (e.g. profit, proceeds of equity transfer, capital reduction, liquidation and early repatriation of investment), and purchase and remittance of foreign exchange as a result of capital reduction, liquidation, early repatriation or share transfer in a foreign-invested enterprise no longer require SAFE approval, and multiple capital accounts for the same entity may be opened in different provinces, which was not possible before. In addition, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Printing and Distributing the Provisions on Foreign Exchange Administration over Domestic Direct Investment by Foreign Investors and the Supporting Documents in May 2013, which specifies that the administration by SAFE or its local branches over direct investment by foreign investors in the PRC shall be conducted by way of registration and banks shall process foreign exchange business relating to the direct investment in China based on the registration information provided by SAFE and its branches.

On February 13, 2015, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Further Simplifying and Improving the Policies Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Direct Investment, or SAFE Circular 13, which took effect on June 1, 2015. SAFE Circular 13 delegates the authority to enforce the foreign exchange registration in connection with the inbound and outbound direct investment under relevant SAFE rules to certain banks and therefore further simplifies the foreign exchange registration procedures for inbound and outbound direct investment.

Regulations on loans to and direct investment in the PRC entities by offshore holding companies

According to the Implementation Rules for the Provisional Regulations on Statistics and Supervision of Foreign Debt promulgated by SAFE on September 24, 1997 and the Interim Provisions on the Management of Foreign Debts promulgated by SAFE, the NDRC and the MOFCOM and effective from March 1, 2003, loans by foreign companies to their subsidiaries in China, which accordingly are FIEs, are considered foreign debt, and such loans must be registered with the local branches of the SAFE. Under the provisions, the total amount of accumulated medium-term and long-term foreign debt and the balance of short-term debt borrowed by a FIE is limited to the difference between the total investment and the registered capital of the foreign-invested enterprise.

On January 12, 2017, the People’s Bank of China promulgated the Circular of the People’s Bank of China on Matters relating to the Macro-prudential Management of Comprehensive Cross-border Financing, or PBOC Circular 9, which took effect on the same date. The PBOC Circular 9 established a capital or net assets-based constraint mechanism for cross-border financing. Under such mechanism, a company may carry out cross-border financing in Renminbi or foreign currencies at their own discretion. The total cross-border financing of a company shall be calculated using a risk-weighted approach and shall not exceed an upper limit. The upper limit is calculated as capital or assets multiplied by a cross-border financing leverage ratio and multiplied by a macro-prudential regulation parameter.

In addition, according to PBOC Circular 9, as of the date of the promulgation of PBOC Circular 9, a transition period of one year is set for foreign-invested enterprises and during such transition period, FIEs may apply either the current cross-border financing management mode, namely the mode provided by Implementation Rules for the Provisional Regulations on Statistics and Supervision of Foreign Debt and the Interim Provisions on the Management of Foreign Debts, or the mode in this PBOC Circular 9 at its sole discretion. After the end of the transition period, the cross-border financing management mode for FIEs will be determined by the People’s Bank of China and SAFE after assessment based on the overall implementation of this PBOC Circular 9.

According to applicable PRC regulations on FIEs, capital contributions from a foreign holding company to its PRC subsidiaries, which are considered FIEs, may be made when approval by or registration with the SAFE and MOFCOM or their respective local counterpart is obtained.

Regulations on Foreign Exchange Registration of Offshore Investment by PRC Residents

On July 4, 2014, SAFE issued the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, and its implementation guidelines, which abolished and superseded the Circular on Several Issues concerning Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Residents to Engage in Financing and in Return Investments via Overseas Special Purpose Companies, SAFE Circular 75. Pursuant to SAFE Circular 37 and its implementation guidelines, PRC residents (including PRC institutions and individuals) must register with local branches of SAFE in connection with their direct or indirect offshore investment in an overseas special purpose vehicle, or SPV, directly established or indirectly controlled by PRC residents for the purposes of offshore investment and financing with their legally owned assets or interests in domestic enterprises, or their legally owned offshore assets or interests. Such PRC residents are also required to amend their registrations with SAFE when there is a change to the basic information of the SPV, such as changes of a PRC resident individual shareholder, the name or operating period of the SPV, or when there is a significant change to the SPV, such as changes of the PRC individual resident’s increase or decrease of its capital contribution in the SPV, or any share transfer or exchange, merger, division of the SPV. Failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth in the Circular 37 may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant onshore company, including the payment of dividends and other distributions to its offshore parent or affiliate, the capital inflow from the offshore entities and settlement of foreign exchange capital, and may also subject relevant onshore company or PRC residents to penalties under PRC foreign exchange administration regulations.

Mr. Bao and Mr. He, our PRC resident shareholders, have completed the required registrations with the local counterpart of SAFE in relation to our financing and restructuring to our shareholding structure.

Regulations on Dividend Distributions

The principal regulations governing distribution of dividends paid by wholly foreign-owned enterprises include:

Under these laws and regulations, foreign-invested enterprises in China may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, a wholly foreign-owned enterprise in China is required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to its general reserves until the accumulative amount of such reserves reach 50% of its registered capital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. The foreign-invested enterprise has the discretion to allocate a portion of its after-tax profits to staff welfare and bonus funds. A PRC company is not permitted to distribute any profits until any losses from prior fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed together with distributable profits from the current fiscal year.

Regulations on Overseas Listings

On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, namely, the Ministry of Commerce, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, SAT, SAIC, China Securities Regulatory Commission, or the CSRC, and SAFE, jointly adopted the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, or the M&A Rules, which became effective on September 8, 2006 and were amended on June 22, 2009. The M&A Rules purport, among other things, to require that offshore special purpose vehicles, or SPVs, that are controlled by PRC companies or individuals and that have been formed for overseas listing purposes through acquisitions of PRC domestic interest held by such PRC companies or individuals, to obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to publicly listing their securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published a notice on its official website specifying documents and materials required to be submitted to it by SPVs seeking CSRC approval of their overseas listings. While the application of the M&A Rules remains unclear, our PRC legal counsel has advised us that based on its understanding of the current PRC laws, rules and regulations and the M&A Rules, prior approval from the CSRC is not required under the M&A Rules for the listing and trading of our ordinary shares on the NASDAQ given that (i) our PRC Subsidiary was directly established by us as a wholly foreign-owned enterprise, and we have not acquired any equity interest or assets of a PRC domestic company owned by PRC companies or individuals as defined under the M&A Rules that are our beneficial owners after the effective date of the M&A Rules, and (ii) no provision in the M&A Rules clearly classifies the contractual arrangements as a type of transaction subject to the M&A Rules.

However, our PRC legal counsel has further advised us uncertainties still exist as to how the M&A Rules will be interpreted and implemented and its opinions summarized above are subject to any new laws, rules and regulations or detailed implementations and interpretations in any form relating to the M&A Rules. If CSRC or another PRC regulatory agency subsequently determines that prior CSRC approval was required for our initial public offering, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies.

These regulatory agencies may impose fines and penalties on our operations, limit our operating privileges, delay or restrict the repatriation of the proceeds from our initial public offering into the PRC or payment or distribution of dividends by our PRC Subsidiary, or take other actions that could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as well as the trading price of our ordinary shares. In addition, if CSRC later requires that we obtain its approval for our initial public offering, we may be unable to obtain a waiver of CSRC approval requirements, if and when procedures are established to obtain such a waiver. Any uncertainties or negative publicity regarding CSRC approval requirements could have a material adverse effect on the trading price of our ordinary shares. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — The approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission may be required in connection with our initial public offering, and, if required, we cannot predict whether we will be able to obtain such approval.”

India

This section sets forth a summary of the most significant laws, rules and regulations that affect our business activities in India.

Regulations relating to Foreign Investment under Foreign Exchange and Management Act, 1999

Foreign Investment in India and Regulatory Approvals

Investment by person resident outside India in an Indian entity is regulated by the provisions laid down in the Foreign Exchange and Management Act, 1999 (“FEMA”), as amended from time to time by the Foreign Exchange Department of the Reserve Bank of India (“RBI”).

Foreign Direct Investment (“FDI”) is freely permitted in almost all sectors. Under the FDI Policy, investments can be made by non-residents in the equity shares; fully, compulsorily and mandatorily convertible debentures; or fully, compulsorily and mandatorily convertible preference shares, partly paid equity shares and warrants of an Indian company, through two routes: (a) the Automatic Route; and (b) the Government Route. Under the automatic route, the non-resident investor or the Indian company does not require any approval from the Reserve Bank or Government of India for the investment. An Indian company, not engaged in any activity/sectors where FDI is prohibited, can issue shares or convertible debentures to a person resident outside India, subject to entry routes and sectoral caps prescribed in the FDI Policy. FDI in activities covered under the approval route requires prior approval of the Government which are considered by respective ministry/ department of the Government of India, as the case may be. In few sectors, there is prohibition on FDI in any form. It is pertinent to note that 100% FDI through automatic route is allowed in all activities/ sectors which are neither covered in automatic route, approval route nor in prohibited sector.

RBI has issued the Foreign Exchange Management (Non-debt Instruments) Rules, 2019 (“FEMA Rules, 2019”), vide Notification No. S.O. 3732(E) dated October 17, 2019 (which replaced erstwhile Foreign Exchange Management (Transfer or issue of security by a person resident outside India) Regulations, 2017), which is a principal regulation governing foreign investment in an Indian entity by any person resident outside India.

FEMA Rules, 2019 stipulates that any investment in an Indian entity by a person resident outside India (which also includes a body corporate incorporated outside India) shall always remain subject to the entry routes, sectoral caps and other conditions laid down therein. Therefore, in order to subscribe, purchase or sell equity instruments (including equity shares) of an Indian company, a person resident outside India must adhere to terms and conditions given in Schedule 1 of FEMA Rules, 2019.

Since Do Mobile operates in the manufacturing sector, it is permitted to receive 100% FDI under the automatic route as per the provisions of FEMA Rules, 2019.

Important Compliances pertaining to FDI under FEMA Rules, 2019

Pricing Guidelines on Issuance of Shares and Filing of Form FC-GPR for Allotment of Shares

Pricing: Any Indian company intending to issue equity instruments including equity shares to a person resident outside India must ensure that the price of such equity instruments shall not be less than: (a) the price worked out on the basis of Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) guidelines in case of listed companies; and (b) the valuation of such equity instruments arrived at as per any internationally accepted pricing methodology on arm’s length basis duly certified by a SEBI registered Merchant Banker or a Chartered Accountant or a practicing Cost Accountant, in case of an unlisted Indian Company.

Filing Requirements: Allotment of shares by an Indian entity to a person resident outside India (including a body corporate incorporated outside India) will require an Indian entity to file form FC-GPR (Foreign Currency-Gross Provisional Return) within 30 days from the date of allotment of shares, in the manner prescribed by the RBI, along with a certificate from the company secretary of the Indian company certifying the eligibility to issue shares in terms of FEMA Rules, 2019 and a certificate from SEBI registered Merchant Banker or Chartered Accountant indicating the manner of arriving at the price of the shares issued to the persons resident outside India. Such certificates along with the Form FC-GPR must be submitted to the Foreign Exchange Department of RBI.

Do Mobile is also required to adhere to the aforesaid compliances regarding allotment of shares to its parent company Bridgetime Limited and or to its prospective investors.

Compliance of Pricing Guidelines on Transfer of Shares and Filing of Form FC-TRS for Transfer of Shares

Pricing: Any transfer of the equity instruments (including shares) of an Indian entity from a resident Indian to a person resident outside India or vice-versa, will be subject to the pricing guidelines and reporting requirements prescribed under the FEMA Rules, 2019.

In the case of transfer of equity instruments (including shares) from a person resident in India to a person resident outside India, price of such equity instruments transferred shall not be less than:

In the case of transfer of equity instruments (including shares) by a person resident outside India to a person resident in India, the price of equity instruments (including shares) transferred shall not exceed:

The principal intent of the government is that the person resident outside India is not guaranteed any assured exit price at the time of making such investment/ agreement and shall exit at the price prevailing at the time of exit. The above pricing guidelines are also applicable for issue of shares/preference shares against payment of lump sum technical know-how fee/royalty due for payment/repayment or conversion of external commercial borrowings in convertible foreign currency into equity shares/fully compulsorily and mandatorily convertible preference shares or capitalization of pre incorporation expenses/import payables (with prior approval of Government).

Filing Requirements: Any transfer of shares of Indian entity from a person resident outside India to a person resident in India or vice-versa will also require the filing of form FC-TRS (Foreign Currency — Transfer of Shares) with the RBI within 60 days of transfer of equity instruments or receipt/remittance of funds, whichever is earlier.

In the case of buy-back of shares pursuant to a scheme of merger /de-merger/ amalgamation of Indian companies approved by National Company Law Tribunal, the filing of form FC-TRS is mandatory by Indian companies.

Reporting under Single Master Form

RBI has issued guidelines on ‘Foreign Investment in India — Reporting in Single Master Form’ vide A.P (DIR Series) Circular No. 30 dated June 07, 2018 to integrate the extant reporting structures of various types of foreign investment in India in a Single Master Form (“SMF”), which is required to be filed online. With effect from September 1, 2018, the reporting requirements for foreign investment in India, irrespective of the instrument through which foreign investment is made, has been integrated into a SMF. SMF subsumes filing of form FC-GPR, FC-TRS, Form ESOP, Form DRR, Form DI and other forms into one single form.

Filing of Foreign Liabilities and Assets Annual Return

An Indian Company which has received FDI in the previous year including the current year, should submit Foreign Liabilities and Assets Annual Return in form FLA to RBI on or before the 15^th day of July of each year. Year for this purpose shall be reckoned as April to March.

Repatriation of Dividend

Dividends declared by Indian companies are freely repatriable without any restrictions (net after Tax deduction at source or Dividend Distribution Tax, if any, as the case may be). The repatriation is governed by the provisions of the Foreign Exchange Management Act (Current Account Transactions) Rules, 2000.

Repatriation of Interest

Interest on fully, mandatorily and compulsorily convertible debentures is also freely repatriable without any restrictions (net of applicable taxes). The repatriation is governed by the provisions of the FEMA (Current Account Transactions) Rules, 2000.

Regulations relating to Overseas Investment under FEMA

Investment in Joint Venture or Wholly Owned Subsidiary

RBI has issued the Foreign Exchange Management (Transfer or Issue of any Foreign Security) Regulations, 2004 (“ODI Regulations”) pursuant to the provisions of FEMA to govern the investment in a foreign entity by an Indian party, including an Indian company. The foreign entities in which such overseas investment is made are referred to as joint venture (“JV”) or wholly owned subsidiary. An Indian company is allowed to make overseas investment in JV or WOS either by way of contribution towards capital or subscription to the memorandum of association of JV or WOS. Further, overseas direct investment is also permitted by way of purchase of existing shares of JV or WOS through market or stock exchange, excluding the portfolio investment.

Like FDI, Indian companies can make overseas investment under automatic route and approval route.

An Indian company may make overseas direct investment in JV or its wholly owned subsidiary up to 400% of its net worth (as per its last audited balance sheet) without any prior regulatory approval. However, if this limit is breached, then prior approval from RBI is required.

The eligible ceiling limit under prior approval of RBI is also required if financial commitment by an Indian party becomes equal or exceeds US$1 billion in a financial year (April to March), even when the total financial commitment of an Indian party is within the eligible limit of automatic route. Further, an Indian party is eligible to extend loan/guarantee as a part of financial commitment only to JV or WOS in which it has equity participation. However, if an Indian party wants to extend loan/ guarantee as a part of financial commitment without equity contribution in JV or WOS, it may apply to RBI under the approval route. It may be note that term ‘financial commitment’ as used in above paragraphs means amount of direct investment by way of contribution to equity, loan and 100% of the amount of guarantees and 50% of the performance guarantees issued by an Indian party to or on behalf of its JV or WOS.

Reporting of Overseas Investment

An Indian company undertaking FC should approach an authorized dealer category — I bank (“AD Bank”) with an application in Form ODI (Master Document on Reporting) and prescribed enclosures / documents in Form ODI for effecting FC, such as, certified copy of the board resolution, statutory auditors certificate and valuation report, along with Form A2. Additionally, all transactions relating to a JV / WOS should be routed through one branch of an AD Bank to be designated by the Indian Party.

Pricing of Overseas Investment

While subscribing any shares by an India company in JV or WOS, it is relevant to consider that if such financial commitment is more than US$5 million, valuation of the shares should be made by a Category I Merchant Banker registered with SEBI or an Investment Banker / Merchant Banker outside India registered with the appropriate regulatory authority in the foreign country. In all other cases the valuation should be carried out by a Chartered Accountant or a Certified Public Accountant.

Regulatory compliances under Companies Act, 2013

The Companies Act, 2013 (“Companies Act, 2013”) is a principal law regulating the rights and duties of a company incorporated in India. Do Mobile being an Indian company is under an obligation to undertake several compliances mentioned under the Companies Act.

Board of Directors

A private limited company is required to have minimum 2 directors and maximum 15 directors on its board of directors (“Board”). However, a private limited company may appoint more than 15 directors after passing a special resolution by its members in general meeting. Further, in terms of the Companies Act it is mandatory to have at least one director who stays in India for a total period of not less than 182 days during a financial year (April to March).

Dividends

As per the Companies Act, a company may if authorized by its articles of association (“Articles”), pay dividends in proportion to the amount paid-up on each share. A company in its general meeting may declare dividends, but no dividend shall exceed the amount recommended by the Board of a company. The shareholders do not have any power to declare any dividend, however, the same shall be approved by the shareholders in the annual general meeting of the company. Similarly, under the Companies Act, the dividend shall be declared or paid only out of profits of the company of that year after providing depreciation or out of the profits of the company for any previous financial year or years after providing for depreciation remaining undistributed, or out of both. Dividends are generally declared as a percentage of the par value of a company’s equity shares.

Bonus Shares

In addition to permitting dividends to be paid out of current or retained earnings as described above, the Companies Act permits a company to distribute an amount transferred from the reserve or surplus in the company’s profit and loss account to its shareholders in the form of fully paid-up bonus shares. The Companies Act permits issue of bonus shares when authorized by its Articles and shall not be issued in lieu of dividend. Bonus shares are distributed to shareholders in the proportion recommended by the Board of the company which has been authorized in annual general meeting.

Pre-emptive Rights and Issue of Additional Shares

The Companies Act gives equity shareholders a right to subscribe for new shares in proportion to their respective existing shareholdings, unless otherwise determined by a special resolution passed by a general meeting of the shareholders. Under the Companies Act, in the event of an issuance of securities, subject to the limitations set forth above, a company must first offer the new shares to the shareholders on a fixed record date through “letter of offer”. The Companies Act permits any other person authorized by special resolution passed in a general meeting of the shareholders to subscribe new share of the company either for cash or consideration and company shall comply with the provisions of private placement for such issue to other person.

Meetings of Shareholders

A company must convene an annual general meeting of its shareholders each year within 15 months from the previous annual general meeting or within 6 months of the end of the previous fiscal year, whichever is earlier. In certain circumstances a 3 months extension may be granted by the Registrar of Companies to hold the annual general meeting. In addition, the board may convene an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders when necessary or at the request of a shareholder or shareholders holding at least 10% of the paid up capital carrying voting rights. Written notice setting out the agenda of any meeting must be given at least 21 days prior to the date of the general meeting to the shareholders of record, excluding the days of mailing and date of the meeting.

Register of Shareholders; Record Dates; Transfer of Shares

A company is required to maintain a register of shareholders either in physical form or held in electronic form. For the purpose of determining the shares entitled to annual dividends, the register is closed for a specified period prior to the annual general meeting. The date on which this period begins is the record date.

Audit and Annual Report

Under the Companies Act, a company must file its annual report with the Registrar of Companies within 30 days from the date of the annual general meeting. At least 21 days before the annual general meeting of shareholders, a company must distribute a detailed version of the company’s audited balance sheet and profit and loss account and the reports of the board of directors and the auditors thereon. A company must also file an annual return containing a list of the company’s shareholders and other company information, within 60 days of the conclusion of the annual general meeting.

Compliances on Employment or Labor Laws

In India, labor laws are considered as social-welfare legislation to govern the conditions of employment, with an aim to provide social security and to safeguard interests of both the employer and the employees. Labor law defines the rights and obligations as workers/employees and employers with respect to the workplace health and safety, employment standards including adequate wages, and limited hours of work.

An Indian company is governed by several labor laws, pursuant to which it has to mandatorily provide the employment benefits to its employees which include equal remuneration, gratuity, bonus, pension, provident funds (social security), employees’ insurance, maternity benefits and all other benefits to which an Indian company is mandatorily required to comply with.

Besides that, an Indian company must comply with the filing of periodical filings requirements and maintenance of registers under different labor statutes. The Shops and Establishment Act, Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972, Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 and Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948 are some of the important labor laws which are applicable to an Indian company. Moreover, an Indian company is under an obligation to get the registration done under the Shops and Establishment Act and any other statute which obliges an Indian company to get itself registered mandatorily. An Indian company has exposure to various sanctions, fines, and penalties under the relevant laws upon non-compliance or violations of the provisions.

There are numerous Central and State labor legislations in India. The important ones and those relevant in relation to Do Mobile are described herein below:

Applicability of Social Security Schemes i.e. Employees Provident Fund and Employees Pension Scheme to Expatriates working in India

The Government of India (Ministry of Labor and Employment) has extended the applicability of the Employees’ Provident Fund Scheme (EPFS) and the Employees’ Pension Scheme (EPS), notified under the EPF Act, to international workers through its notification Nos. G.S.R. 705(E) and 706(E), both dated October 01, 2008.

“International Worker” means:

The aforesaid notifications further define the term “excluded employee” with reference to an international worker to mean “an international worker, who is contributing to a social security program of his/her country of origin, either as a citizen or resident, with whom India has entered into a social security agreement on a reciprocity basis and enjoying the status of a detached worker for the period and terms, as specified in such an agreement”.

Pursuant to the above notifications, every international worker employed with an establishment in India to whom the EPF Act applies (the EPF Act applies to an establishment employing 20 or more employees) would be required to become a member of the Employees Provident Fund, unless he/she qualifies as an excluded employee. International workers working in India with an establishment to which the EPF Act applies are required to contribute 12% of their salary (which includes basic pay, dearness allowance, retaining allowance and cash value of food concessions) under the EPF Act. However, in case the expatriates are from such countries with which India has entered into Social Security Agreements and are making contributions towards social security in their home countries, such expatriates would not be required to make contribution under the EPF Act. An International Worker may withdraw the full amount of accumulations in the fund on retirement from services at any time after the attainment of 58 years or on retirement on account of permanent or total incapacity to work due to bodily or mental infirmity.

New Labour Law Codes in India

Since many of the Indian labour laws are overlapping and archaic in nature, the Indian government has amalgamated twenty-nine existing labour laws into four codes, namely, the Code on Wages, 2019, the Industrial Relations Code, 2020, the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 and the Code of Social Security, 2020 (collectively referred to as the “Codes”). These four Codes together consolidate laws relating to: (i) wages; (ii) industrial relations; (iii) safety, working conditions and welfare and (iv) social security. The Code on Wages, 2019 already received Presidential assent on August 8, 2019 and the rest of the three Codes, i.e., the Industrial Relations Code, 2020; the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 and the Code of Social Security, 2020, received Presidential assent on September 28, 2020. The four Codes post receiving Presidential assent have also been published in the Official Gazette of India, they will however, be brought into force only once the appointed date for their implementation is notified by the Central Government. Accordingly, till date the earlier labour laws are in force and governing conditions of employment in India.

Regulations related to Consumer Protection

With changing times, the economic and business environment of India also went through a change. India has now become a global trading partner with the world. This indeed exposed customers not only to new products but also new problems. The increase in usage of mobile handsets in India required protecting the interests of the consumers against deficiency in services and harassment by way of unfair trade practices and poor quality products. The Consumer Protection Act, 1986 (“CPA 1986”) was the law of the Parliament of India which addresses the aforementioned concerns of the consumers in India. This statute also casts obligation on the traders, service providers and person to provide customer satisfaction through guarantee of quality, function, usage and after sales-services. The Indian Government recently on July 20, 2020 introduced the Consumer Protection Act, 2019 (“CPA 2019”) replacing the erstwhile CPA 1986. Accordingly, CPA 2019 will now overhaul the administration and settlement of consumer disputes in India in place of CPA 1986. CPA 2019 now specifically provides for prevention of unfair trade practice by e-commerce platforms and for the same Consumer Protection (E-Commerce) Rules, 2020 are promulgated.

Forums for Redressal under CPA 2019

With the aim to redress the consumer disputes, CPA 2019 provides for establishment of different consumer commissions i.e. District Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission, State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission and National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission. CPA 2019 lays down the pecuniary jurisdiction in relation to each of the aforesaid commissions for the purpose of entertaining the dispute arose in relation of value of particular goods or service. Accordingly, in case the consumer finds deficiency in goods or services, then he can file a complaint against the person before appropriate commission having pecuniary jurisdiction to entertain the dispute for such deficiency. In addition to the aforesaid redressal commissions, CPA 2019 provides for an establishment of the Central Consumer Protection Authority which is, inter alia, empowered to conduct investigations into violations of consumer rights, institute complaints and order discontinuance of unfair trade practices to promote, protect and enforce the rights of consumers.

Regulations governing the Intellectual Property Rights

Intellectual Property Right (“IPR”) is a legal right governing the use of creations of the human mind. In India, there are several legislations which protects different IPRs, like trademark, patent, copyright, and domain name.

Trademark under Trade Marks Act, 1999

With the globalization of trade, brand names, trade names and marks have attained an immense value that require uniform minimum standards of protection and efficient procedures. India being a member nation to World Trade Organization has ratified the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights along with other member nations of WTO. In view of the same, India has amended and repealed its old Indian Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958 and enacted new Trade Marks Act, 1999 (“TM Act”), to align with the international systems and practices.

The TM Act envisages the recognition and protection of the well-known trademark. The TM Act also provides for registration of trademarks, duration, removal, renewal and revocation of the trade mark. The Indian judiciary has been proactive in the protection of trademarks, and it has extended the protection to domain names under the TM Act. The trademark is initially registered for a period of 10 years, which is calculated from the date of filing of the application and in case of convention application from the date of priority.

Further, the registration of the trademark may be renewed for a period of 10 years from the date of expiration of the original registration or of the last renewal of registration. Such renewal application should be made at least 6 months prior to expiry of registration of the trademark. However, if such renewal application not is made within the said period, it can be filed within 6 months after the expiry of registration or the renewal as the case may be along with a late filing fee. Additionally, if such late filing fee is not paid, upon expiry of one year from the date of expiry of registration or the renewal as the case may be, such trademark will automatically be removed from the register of trademarks of concerned authority.

Regulations governing Import and Export of Goods

In India, the import and export of goods is governed by the Foreign Trade (Development & Regulation) Act, 1992 and India’s Export Import (EXIM) Policy. India’s Directorate General of Foreign Trade (“DGFT”) is the nodal authority to regulate all matters related to EXIM Policy. Importers are required to register with DGFT to obtain an Importer Exporter Code Number (“IE Code”) for undertaking import activities. Moreover, an exporter is not allowed to take benefits of exports from DGFT without having IE Code. After an IEC has been obtained, the source of items for import must be identified and declared by an importer.

The Indian Trade Classification — Harmonized System (ITC-HS) allows for the free import of most goods without a special import license. Majority of import items fall within the scope of India’s EXIM Policy regulation of Open General License (OGL) which means that they are deemed to be freely importable without restrictions and without a license, except to the extent that they are regulated by the provisions of the EXIM Policy or any other law. Imports of items not covered by OGL are regulated.

4C. Organizational Structure

The following chart reflects our organizational structure as of the date of this report. For descriptions of our subsidiaries and variable interest entity, please see “4A. History and Development of the Company.”

4D. Property, Plants and Equipment

Under PRC law, land is owned by the state. “Land use rights” are granted to an individual or entity after payment of a land use right fee is made to the applicable state or rural collective economic organization. Land use rights allow the holder the right to use the land for a specified long-term period. We do not currently own any real estate or land use rights. For descriptions of our leased properties, please see “Item 4B. Business Overview – Facilities.”

ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

Not Applicable

ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, the notes to those financial statements and other financial data that appear elsewhere in this annual report. In addition to historical information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements based on current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results and the timing of certain events may differ significantly from those projected in such forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those set forth in “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report. Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP.

5A. Operating Results

We design, manufacture, and distribute mobile phones and other consumer electronics through our operation plants in China. Our products are categorized into three major categories: Feature phone, Smartphone and Mobile phone accessories. Most of our products are produced due to OEM/ODM orders received from our long-term clients and sold globally, including India, Brazil, the United States, and other emerging markets in South Asia and Africa as well as Europe. The following charts display our products contribution for the years ended March 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021.

The following table sets forth our revenues by type of contract and as a percentage of revenue for the years indicated:

The following table sets forth our revenues by product lines and as a percentage of revenue for the years indicated:

The following table sets forth our revenues by geographic region and as a percentage of revenue for the years indicated:

Overview

The table below sets forth certain line items from our consolidated statement of comprehensive loss (income) for the years ended March 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021:

Comparison of the year ended March 31, 2021 and 2020

Revenue

Revenue for the year ended March 31, 2021 was RMB246.9 million (US$37.6 million), an increase of RMB53.8 million, or 28%, from RMB193.1 million for the year ended March 31, 2020. The increase was attributable to the increase in OEM/ODM sales of RMB20.8 million and sales of face masks of RMB44.8 million, partially offset by the decrease of in-house brand sales of RMB11.8 million.

Cost of sales

Cost of sales for the year ended March 31, 2021 was RMB228.7 million (US$34.8 million), an increase of RMB55.0 million, or 31.7%, from RMB173.7 million for the year ended March 31, 2020. The increase was mainly due to the increase in material costs and sales quantity.

Our cost of sales mainly consists of cost of raw materials, third party processing fees and rental of building and machinery.

We import screens and mother boards from overseas and purchase camera, battery and electronic components from domestic markets for mobile phone processing and assembling.

We wrote off impairment reserve of RMB0.5 million for the obsolete inventories disposed in the year ended March 31, 2020. We provided impairment reserve on obsolete inventory of RMB7.6 million (US$1.2 million), which are recorded in cost of sales for year ended March 31, 2021.

Gross profit

Gross profit for the year ended March 31, 2021 was RMB18.2 million (US$2.8 million), representing a decrease of RMB1.2 million, or 6.1%, from the gross profit of RMB19.4 million for the same period of 2020 as a result of factors mentioned above.

Overall gross profit margin for the year ended March 31, 2021 was 7.4%, or 2.6 percentage points lower, as compared to gross profit margin of 10.0% for the year ended March 31, 2020. The decrease was mainly attributable to the increasing purchase prices of raw materials resulted from global shortage of key components, including chips and screens, in the year ended March 31, 2021.

Operating expenses

Our operating expenses consist of selling expenses, general and administrative expenses, R&D expenses and other (income) expenses. Operating expenses decreased by RMB6.4 million, or 16.3%, from RMB39.1 million for the year ended March 31, 2020 to RMB32.7 million (US$5.0 million) for the year ended March 31, 2021. The decrease in our operating expenses was mainly due to decrease in selling expenses and R&D expenses

Selling expenses consist of salary and benefits, business travel, shipping expenses, entertainment, market promotion and other expenses relating to our sales and marketing activities. The decrease in selling expense was mainly due to i) cost saving in travelling and entertainment expenses and ii) reduction in overhead costs in India.

General and administrative expenses consist of salary and benefits to our accounting, human resources, design and executive office staff, rental expenses, property management and utilities, office supplies and etc. The decrease is mainly due to reduction in manpower cost in India as the result of the COVID-19 related suspension of business.

R&D related expenses mainly consist of salary and benefits, material and consumables and other expenses to carry out R&D activities. The decrease in R&D expenses was mainly due to decrease in overhead costs (e.g. Salaries, travelling, entertainment etc.) for R&D activities. R&D related expenses are included in general and administrative expenses in the income statement.

Other expenses (income), net year ended March 31, 2021 was net expense of RMB2.9 million (US$0.4 million), as compared to net expense of RMB0.0 million for the same period of 2020. The increase in expenses was mainly attributed to the increase in exchange loss due to depreciation of U.S. Dollar against RMB and recognized impairment losses on equity method investment, partially offset by the reversal of provision on doubtful receivables.

Income tax expenses (benefits)

For the year ended March 31, 2021, an income tax credit of about RMB0.4 million (US$0.06 million) was recorded as compared to income tax provision of RMB0.2 million for the year ended March 31, 2020.

Net loss

As a result of the above, net loss was RMB16.6 million (US$2.5 million) for the year ended March 31, 2021, representing a decrease in loss of RMB5.1 million, or 23.4% from a net loss of RMB21.7 million for the year ended March 31, 2020.

Comparison of the years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019

Revenue

Revenue for the year ended March 31, 2020 was RMB193.1 million, a decrease of RMB45.0 million, or 18.9%, from RMB238.1 million for the year ended March 31, 2019. The decrease was attributable to the continued trend of reduction of OEM/ODM orders from our major customers, decreasing sales of in-house brand products, and the impact of COVID-19 on our business activities in the PRC and India.

Cost of sales

Cost of sales for the year ended March 31, 2020 was RMB173.7 million, a decrease of RMB39.4 million, or 18.5%, from RMB213.1 million for the year ended March 31, 2019. The decrease was attributable by the decrease in sales volume.

Our cost of sales mainly consists of cost of raw materials, third party processing fees and rental of building and machinery.

We import mother boards from overseas and purchase screens, camera, battery and electronic components from domestic markets for mobile phone processing and assembling.

We wrote off impairment reserve of RMB0.5 million for the obsolete inventories disposed in the year ended March 31, 2020. During the year ended March 31, 2019, we provided reserve of RMB3.3 million for obsolete inventories.

Gross profit

Gross profit for the year ended March 31, 2020 was RMB19.4 million, representing a decrease of RMB5.6 million, or 22.6%, from the gross profit of RMB25.0 million for the year ended March 31, 2019, primarily as a result of factors mentioned above.

Overall gross profit margin for the year ended March 31, 2020 was 10.0%, or 0.5 percentage points lower, as compared to gross profit margin of 10.5% for the year ended March 31, 2019. The decrease was mainly attributable to increase cost of raw materials in the period from September 2019 to December 2019 and in March 2020, partially offset by higher margin from high-end feature phones in the year ended March 31, 2020.

Operating expenses

Our operating expenses consist of selling expenses, general and administrative expenses, R&D expenses and other (income) expenses. Operating expenses increased by RMB4.1 million, or 11.7%, from RMB35.0 million for the year ended March 31, 2019 to RMB39.1 million for the year ended March 31, 2020. The increase in our operating expenses was due to change in the net other (income) expenses, general and administrative expenses and R&D related expenses, partially offset by decrease in selling expenses.

Selling expenses consist of salary and benefits, business travel, shipping expenses, entertainment, market promotion and other expenses relating to our sales and marketing activities. The decrease in selling expense was mainly due to (i) reduction in staff costs in India due to the decline in sales and the lockdown in India (ii) decrease in shipping expenses, which is in line with the decrease in overseas sales and (iii) savings in travelling and entertainment expenses.

General and administrative expenses consist of salary and benefits to our accounting, human resources, design and executive office staff, rental expenses, property management and utilities, and office supplies, among others. The increase is mainly due to an increase in professional service fees, including accounting and legal fees, partially offset by the reduction in manpower cost in India due to the COVID-19 related suspension of business.

R&D related expenses mainly consist of salary and benefits, material and consumables and other expenses to carry out R&D activities. R&D related expenses are included in general and administrative expenses in the income statement.

Other (income) expenses, net for the year ended March 31, 2020 was net expense of RMB0.0 million, as compared to net income of RMB6.9 million for the year ended March 31, 2019. The change in other (income) expenses, net was mainly attributed to (i) the net exchange loss of RMB0.3 million for the year ended March 31, 2020 compared to net exchange gain of RMB4.5 million for the year ended March 31, 2019 as a result of depreciation of RMB and India Rupee against U.S. Dollar and (ii) allowances of RMB1.2 million on doubtful receivables for the year ended March 31, 2020 compared to the RMB0.15 million provided for the year ended March 31, 2019.

Income tax expenses

For the year ended March 31, 2020, an income tax provision of about RMB0.2 million was recorded as compared to RMB0.5 million for the year ended March 31, 2019. For the year ended March 31, 2020, the income tax expense was mainly attributed to under provision of income taxes of UTime GZ in prior year. No subsidiary had taxable profits during the year ended March 31, 2020.

Net loss

As a result of the above, net loss was RMB21.7 million for the year ended March 31, 2020, representing an increase of RMB9.8 million, or 81.6% from a net loss of RMB11.9 million for the year ended March 31, 2019.

5B. Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of March 31, 2021 the Company had current assets of RMB133.8 million (US$20.4 million) and current liabilities of RMB148.1 million (US$22.5 million), resulting in a working capital deficit of approximately RMB14.3 million (US$2.1 million). As of March 31, 2020 the Company had current assets of RMB116.8 million and current liabilities of RMB120.8 million, resulting in a working capital deficit of approximately RMB4.0 million.

On April 8, 2021, the Company received net proceeds of $13.8 million, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions for the IPO from its issuance and sale of 3,750,000 ordinary shares, which has alleviated the substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. For year ended March 31, 2021, we incurred a net loss of RMB16.6 million (US$2.5 million). Our net cash outflow was RMB2.5 million (US$0.4 million) from operations, a decrease of outflow of RMB14.6 million compared to the net cash outflow of RMB17.1 million for the year ended March 31, 2020 as a result of increased revenue and better customer credit control. We continue to focus on improving operational efficiency and cost reductions, developing core cash-generating business and enhancing efficiency. We expect that the existing and future cash generated from operation will be sufficient to fund the future operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and restricted cash

The following table sets forth certain historical information with respect to our statements of cash flows:

We had cash, cash equivalent and restricted cash of approximate RMB1.1 million and RMB9.5 million (US$1.4 million) as of March 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively.

Operating activities

Net cash used in operating activities was RMB2.5 million (US$0.4 million) for the year ended March 31, 2021 as compared with RMB17.1 million used for the same period of 2020. Net loss for the year ended March 31, 2021 was RMB16.6 million (US$2.5 million) compared to net loss of RMB21.7 million for the same period of 2020. The difference between net loss and the net cash used in operating activities are attributed to the changes in various asset and liability account balances throughout the year ended March 31, 2021. Major changes are i) decrease of accounts receivable in the amount of RMB21.5 million (US$3.3 million, an increase to cash), ii) decrease of accounts payable in the amount of RMB9.9 million (US$1.5 million, a decrease to cash), iii) increase of 10.9 million (US$1.7 million, a decrease to cash) in the ending inventory balance as of March 31, 2021, iv) increase of 26.2 million (US$4.0 million) in prepayment and other current assets (a decrease to net cash) v) increase of RMB28.0 million (US$4.3 million) in other payables and accrued liabilities (an increase to net cash), and vi) increase of RMB0.5 million (US$0.1 million) in net amount of related parties (an increase to net cash) year ended March 31, 2021. In addition, the Company had non-cash expenses relating to depreciation and amortization in the amount of RMB4.0 million (US$0.6 million), impairment provision of RMB7.6 million (US$1.2 million) for obsolete inventory and reversal of provision of RMB0.8 million (US$0.1 million) on doubtful receivables.

Investing activities

Net cash used in investing activities for year ended March 31, 2021 was RMB2.2 million (US$0.3 million) as compared to net cash used in investing activities of RMB2.3 million for the same period of 2020. Cash used in the year ended March 31, 2021 were mainly for payments of licensed software.

Financing activities

Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended March 31, 2021 was RMB14.0 million (US$2.1 million) as compared to RMB12.9 million for the year ended March 31, 2020. The cash inflow was mainly attributable to loans from bank and financial institutions.

On August 1, 2018, UTime SZ entered into a credit agreement with Shenzhen Rural Commercial Bank to borrow RMB2.0 million for a term of 3 years, which is payable at monthly installment of RMB0.04 million from August 21, 2018 to August 8, 2021, with a balloon payment of the remaining balance in the last installment. The loan was pledged by 30% of equity interests of UTime SZ owned by Mr. Bao and is also guaranteed by Mr. Bao. On March 19, 2019, the pledged equity interests of UTime SZ was released and replaced by deposit of RMB0.5 million as restricted cash with the bank to secure the loan. RMB0.32 million, RMB0.5 million and RMB0.5 million (US$0.08 million) were repaid by UTime SZ during year ended March 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively. As of March 31, 2020 and 2021, the balance of the loan are RMB1.2 million and RMB0.7 million (US$0.1 million), respectively. Out of the total outstanding loan balance, current portion amounted were RMB0.5 million and RMB0.7 million (US$0.1 million) as of March 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively, which are presented as current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet and the remaining balance of RMB0.7 million and RMB nil are presented as non-current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively.

On August 1, 2018, UTime SZ entered into a credit agreement with Shenzhen Rural Commercial Bank to borrow RMB6.0 million for a term of 3 years, which is payable at monthly installment of RMB0.06 million from September 21, 2019 to August 20, 2021, with a balloon payment of the remaining balance in the last installment. The loan is secured by real estate owned by Mr. Bao and guaranteed by Mr. Bao. RMB0.4 and RMB0.7 million (US$0.1 million) were repaid by UTime SZ during year ended March 2020 and 2021, respectively. As of March 31, 2020 and 2021, the balance for this loan is RMB5.6 million and RMB4.9 million (US$0.7 million), respectively. Out of the total outstanding loan balance, current portion amounted were RMB0.7 million and RMB4.9 million (US$0.7 million) as of March 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively, which are presented as current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet and the remaining balance of RMB4.9 million and RMB nil are presented as non-current liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively.

On June 29, 2021, UTime SZ entered into a credit agreement with Shenzhen Rural Commercial Bank to borrow RMB2.0 million for a term of 3 years, which is payable at monthly installment of RMB0.02 million and the monthly interest from July 16, 2021 to July 16, 2024, with a balloon payment of the remaining balance in the last installment. The loan is secured by real estate owned by Mr. Bao and guaranteed by Mr. Bao. As of the date of this report, the balance for this loan is RMB1.98 million (US$0.3 million).

On June 29, 2021, UTime SZ entered into a credit agreement with Shenzhen Rural Commercial Bank to borrow RMB7.0 million (US$1.1 million) for a term of 3 years, according to which the interest is payable on a monthly basis in the first twelve months of the loan term and the balance is payable at monthly installment of RMB 0.07 million together with the monthly interest from the thirteenth month of the loan term  to July 16, 2024, with a balloon payment of the remaining balance in the last installment. The loan is secured by real estate owned by Mr. Bao and guaranteed by Mr. Bao. As of the date of this report the balance for this loan is RMB7.0 million (US$1.1 million).

On April 23, 2019, UTime SZ entered into a credit agreement with China Construction Bank to borrow RMB15.0 million (US$2.3 million) as working capital for one year at an annual effective interest rate of 5.8%. The loan is secured by the office real estate owned by UTime SZ and accounts receivable equal to RMB22.5 million (US$3.4 million) owned by UTime SZ. The loan is also guaranteed by Mr. Bao and his spouse. The loan was repaid on May 9, 2020.

On May 8, 2020, UTime SZ entered into a credit agreement with China Construction Bank to borrow RMB15,000 (US$2.3 million) as working capital for one year at an annual effective interest rate of 5.40%. The loan is secured by the office real estate owned by UTime SZ and accounts receivable equal to RMB22,500 (US$3.4 million) owned by UTime SZ. The loan is also guaranteed by Mr. Bao and his spouse. The loan was fully repaid in advance on November 5, 2020.

In July 2020, UTime GZ and TCL Factoring executed a factoring agreement, pursuant to which UTime GZ received a revolving credit facility and may submit unlimited number of loan applications, so long as, among other conditions, the balance of the loan does not exceed the credit line. In July 2020, UTime GZ obtained a loan under this factoring contract at the amount of RMB1.8 million (US$0.3 million) by factoring the receivables due from Huizhou TCL Mobile Communication Company Limited (“TCL Huizhou”) between January 1, 2020 and July 1, 2021, the annual effective interest rate of which is 8.0%. The loan was repaid in January 2021. TCL Factoring has the right of recourse to UTime GZ, and as a result, these transactions were recognized as secured borrowings. UTime GZ agreed to pledge to TCL Factoring its accounts receivable from TCL Huizhou between January 1, 2020 and July 1, 2021. This credit facility was also guaranteed respectively by Mr. Bao and UTime SZ, each for an amount up to RMB4.0 million (US$0.6 million). UTime GZ agreed not to withdraw, utilize or dispose the accounts receivables paid to it by TCL Huizhou without the prior consent of TCL Factoring. In January 2021, UTime GZ obtained a loan of RMB0.8 million (US$0.1 million).

On November 13, 2020, UTime SZ entered into a credit agreement with China Resources Bank of Zhuhai Co., Ltd., according to which China Resources Bank of Zhuhai Co., Ltd. agreed to provide Utime SZ with a credit facility of up to RMB22.0 million (US$3.4 million) with a two-year team from November 13, 2020 to November 13, 2022. On November 18, 2020, UTime SZ entered into a working capital loan agreement with China Resources Bank of Zhuhai Co., Ltd. to borrow RMB22.0 million (US$3.3 million) as working capital for one year at an annual effective interest rate of 5.5%. The loan is secured by the office owned by UTime SZ and guaranteed by UTime GZ, Mr. Bao and his spouse.

In November 2020, UTime SZ and TCL Factoring executed a factoring agreement, pursuant to which UTime SZ received a revolving credit facility and may submit unlimited number of loan applications, so long as, among other conditions, the balance of the loan does not exceed the credit line. During December 2020 to February 2021, UTime SZ obtained loans under the factoring agreement at the total amount of RMB8.0 million (US$1.2 million) by factoring the receivables due from TCL Huizhou between November 17, 2019 and November 17, 2022, the annual effective interest rate of which is 8.0%. TCL Factoring has the right of recourse to UTime SZ, and as a result, these transactions were recognized as secured borrowings. UTime SZ agreed to pledge to TCL Factoring its accounts receivable from TCL Huizhou between November 17, 2019 and November 17, 2022. This credit facility was also guaranteed respectively by Mr. Bao and UTime GZ, each for an amount up to RMB20.0 million (US$3.0 million). UTime SZ agreed not to withdraw, utilize or dispose the accounts receivables paid to it by TCL Huizhou without the prior consent of TCL Factoring.

On July 14, 2021 UTime SZ entered into a working capital loan agreement with Bank of Communications, Shenzhen Branch to borrow RMB10.0 million (US$1.5 million) for an unfixed term. On July 19, 2021, UTime SZ obtained a loan under this working capital loan agreement at the amount of RMB3.0 million (US$0.5 million) which is due on July 6, 2022. The annual effective interest rate of this loan is 4.6% and the balance is payable on July 6, 2022. The loan is guaranteed by Mr. Bao and his spouse. As of the date of this report, the balance for this loan is RMB3 million (US$0.5 million).

Contractual Obligations

In December 2017, UTime SZ signed a property sale contract with Shenzhen Fumeibang Technology Co., Ltd (“Fumeibang”), previously known as “BuTa Entertainment” for selling office real estate in Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China for a cash price of RMB20.1 million (US$3.1 million). BuTa Entertainment agreed to lease the office estate back to the Company for a term of up to 3 years, with an annual rental payment of approximately RMB1.0 million (US$0.15 million). According the lease agreement, the eleven months from February 2018 to December 2018 is free of rental charge.

In September 2019, UTime SZ signed a lease agreement with Fumeibang for a term of one year, with an annual rental payment of approximately RMB1.0 million (US$0.15 million).

On September 1, 2017, the Company entered a lease agreement with Guizhou Jietongda Technology Co., Ltd. (“Jietongda”). Jietongda agreed to lease the factory building located in Xinpu District of Guizhou, China to the Company, for a term of up to 4.5 years, with an annual rental payment of approximately RMB4.2 million (US$0.6 million).

During the year ended March 31, 2020, the Company entered into supplementary agreement with Jietongda and modified the original warehouse lease contract effective since September 1, 2017. Total lease amount reduced from RMB18.9 million (US$2.9 million) to RMB7.5 million (US$1.1 million) for the 4 years and 6 months’ lease period.

On September 1, 2017, the Company entered a lease agreement with Jietongda. Jietongda agreed to lease the equipment for processing mobile phones to the Company, for a term of up to 5 years, with an annual rental payment of approximately RMB0.6 million (US$0.1 million).

The following table sets forth our contractual obligations as of March 31, 2021, which included the lease and loan arrangement described above:

5C. Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.

See the discussion under the headings “Research and Development” and “Intellectual Property” in Item 4 above.

5D. Trend Information

The factors that will most significantly affect results of operations will be (i) the industry outlook of cell phone and consumer electronics, (ii) the sustainability of our client source, (iii) the development and penetration of existing market and new market, (iv) the ability of our R&D capacity, and (v) the outbreak of coronavirus. Our revenues will be significantly impacted by the combination of the above factors discussed.

The coronavirus is impacting several areas of the world, including Asia and the United States. Factories in China that produced our products were closed during February 2020 at the mandate of the Chinese government and reopened in March 2020. Our manufacturing facility in Guizhou was allowed to reopen on February 14, 2020 by the local government. This impacts the manufacturing productivity of the factories, and therefore the amount of inventory we receive and can ship to customers. We are doing everything we can to keep customer production running and to keep things as smooth and stable as possible. Furthermore, our customers in China and elsewhere may reduce their future purchases from us if they are not able to complete the manufacture of their products due to the shortage of components from other suppliers. The coronavirus pandemic also created global shortage of key components, such as Integrated Circuit Chip and touch screens, for consumer electronics. Procurement cost of these key components increased considerably. If the shortage continued spreading, it might cause significant delay of orders or further increase of procurement cost. The coronavirus has impacted and likely will continue to impact our sales performance in a negative way, depending on the duration and severity of the coronavirus’ impact on the operations of our vendors and suppliers.

The global consumer electronics, network communication and other products have a shorter update cycle, which has brought huge market demand and is expected to maintain rapid development in the future. However, the shorter product update cycle and increasing market demand also strengthen the competition. Overall, demand of feature phones is decreasing and being replaced by smartphones while smartphones are upgraded faster and demand of them becomes more unstable.

OEM/ODM orders were our principal source of revenue, in the years ended March 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, which contributed 85.7%, 90.7% and 79.4% to our revenue, respectively. Revenue from TCL Communication Limited accounted for 50.5%, 57.6% and 41.3% of total revenue, respectively during the years ended March 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021. T2 Mobile International Limited contributed 10.4%, 9.6% and 5.6% of total revenue, respectively during the same period. To sustain the customer source may help us secure the OEM/ODM orders. During the year ended March 31, 2021, we developed a few new customers in mainland China and Southeast Asia. Two new OEM/ODM customers contributed 6.3% and 6.2% of total revenue, respectively for the year ended March 31, 2021.

To respond to the rapid change of global cell phone and consumer electronics industry, we decide to implement the in-house brand strategy and develop new markets. Revenue generated from in-house brand products for the years ended March 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 were RMB34.0 million, RMB17.9 million and RMB6.2 million (US$0.9 million), which account for 14.3%, 9.3% and 2.5% of the total revenue, respectively.

The implementation of our strategy in new markets depends on our R&D capacity in feature phones, smartphones and other consumer electronics considerably. If we had sufficient R&D capacity, we might have the opportunity to penetrate the existing market faster, retain more market shares and be able to develop another replicable market.

Although we intend to grow our in-house brands, it is expected that in the near term, both OEM/ODM orders and sale of our own in-house brand sales will be our principal sources of cash flow over the next two years. Cash flow from the OEM/ODM orders depends on the quantity and the price of the order, whereas cash flow from sale of in-house brand cell phone product depends on the quality of production and the profit obtained by the production. An increase in OEM/ODM orders or sale of in-house brand cell phone products will enable us to expanding our operations with the increasing internally-generated funds and may allow us to obtain equity and debt financing more easily or on better terms, lessening the difficulty of obtaining financing.

A decline in sales (i) will reduce our internally-generated cash flow, which in turn will reduce the available funds for securing clients and developing existing markets, (ii) will increase the difficulty of obtaining equity and debt financing and worsen the terms on which such financing may be obtained, and (iii) will affect the activities of R&D which considerably determines our development in new products and new markets.

The outbreak of the coronavirus in China and globally (i) could affect our production utilization and logistics, which could directly affect our timely delivery of our products and collection of cash flow, (ii) if the outbreak of the coronavirus continues to spread worldwide, the entire industry could be negatively affected, leading to a certain extent of shortages in supply that could eventually raise key components price overall. As a consequence, our production cost could increase whereas our profit could decrease.

Other than the foregoing, the management is unaware of any trends, events or uncertainties that will have, or are reasonably expected to have, a material impact on sales, revenues or expenses.

5E. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future effect on the changes in financial condition and the results of operations, liquidity or capital resources.

5F. Critical Accounting Policies

Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (US GAAP). The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expense during the reporting period.

We have identified the accounting principles which are most critical to the reported financial status by considering accounting policies that involve the most complex and subjective decisions or assessment.

Use of estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the consolidated financial statements include but are not limited to estimates and judgments applied in the allowance for receivables, write down of other assets, estimated useful lives of property and equipment, impairment on inventory, sales return, product warranties, the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets and income tax, provision for employee benefits, going concern. Actual results could differ from those estimates and judgments.

Receivables

Accounts receivable and other receivables are reflected in our consolidated balance sheets at their estimated collectible amounts. A substantial majority of our accounts receivable are derived from sales to well-known technological clients. We follow the allowance method of recognizing uncollectible accounts receivable and other receivables, pursuant to which we regularly assess our ability to collect outstanding customer invoices and make estimates of the collectability of accounts receivable and other receivables. We provide an allowance for doubtful accounts when we determine that the collection of an outstanding customer receivable is not probable. The allowance for doubtful accounts is reviewed on a timely basis to assess the adequacy of the allowance. We take into consideration (a) historical bad debts experience, (b) any circumstances of which we are aware of a customer’s or debtor’s inability to meet its fi The implementation of our strategy in new markets depends on our R&D capacity in feature phones, smartphones and other consumer electronics considerably. If we had sufficient R&D capacity, we might have the opportunity to penetrate the existing market faster, retain more market shares and be able to develop another replicable market.

Although we intend to grow our in-house brands, it is expected that in the near term, both OEM/ODM orders and sale of our own in-house brand sales will be our principal sources of cash flow over the next two years. Cash flow from the OEM/ODM orders depends on the quantity and the price of the order, whereas cash flow from sale of in-house brand cell phone product depends on the quality of production and the profit obtained by the production. An increase in OEM/ODM orders or sale of in-house brand cell phone products will enable us to expanding our operations with the increasing internally-generated funds and may allow us to obtain equity and debt financing more easily or on better terms, lessening the difficulty of obtaining financing.

A decline in sales (i) will reduce our internally-generated cash flow, which in turn will reduce the available funds for securing clients and developing existing markets, (ii) will increase the difficulty of obtaining equity and debt financing and worsen the terms on which such financing may be obtained, and (iii) will affect the activities of R&D which considerably determines our development in new products and new markets.

The outbreak of the coronavirus in China and globally (i) could affect our production utilization and logistics, which could directly affect our timely delivery of our products and collection of cash flow, (ii) if the outbreak of the coronavirus continues to spread worldwide, the entire industry could be negatively affected, leading to a certain extent of shortages in supply that could eventually raise key components price overall. As a consequence, our production cost could increase whereas our profit could decrease.

Other than the foregoing, the management is unaware of any trends, events or uncertainties that will have, or are reasonably expected to have, a material impact on sales, revenues or expenses.

Critical Accounting Policies

Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (US GAAP). The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expense during the reporting period.

We have identified the accounting principles which are most critical to the reported financial status by considering accounting policies that involve the most complex and subjective decisions or assessment.

Use of estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the consolidated financial statements include but are not limited to estimates and judgments applied in the allowance for receivables, write down of other assets, estimated useful lives of property and equipment, impairment on inventory, sales return, product warranties, the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets and income tax, provision for employee benefits, going concern. Actual results could differ from those estimates and judgments.

Receivables

Accounts receivable and other receivables are reflected in our consolidated balance sheets at their estimated collectible amounts. A substantial majority of our accounts receivable are derived from sales to well-known technological clients. We follow the allowance method of recognizing uncollectible accounts receivable and other receivables, pursuant to which we regularly assess our ability to collect outstanding customer invoices and make estimates of the collectability of accounts receivable and other receivables. We provide an allowance for doubtful accounts when we determine that the collection of an outstanding customer receivable is not probable. The allowance for doubtful accounts is reviewed on a timely basis to assess the adequacy of the allowance. We take into consideration (a) historical bad debts experience, (b) any circumstances of which we are aware of a customer’s or debtor’s inability to meet its financial obligations, (c) changes in our customer or debtor payment history, and (d) our judgments as to prevailing economic conditions in the industry and the impact of those conditions on our customers and debtors. If circumstances change, such that the financial conditions of our customers or debtors are adversely affected and they are unable to meet their financial obligations to us, we may need to record additional allowances, which would result in a reduction of our net income.

Inventories

Inventories of the Company consist of raw materials, finished goods and work in process. Inventories are stated at lower of cost or net realizable value with cost being determined on the weighted average method. Elements of cost in inventories include raw materials, direct labor costs, other direct costs, consignment manufacturing cost and manufacturing overhead. The Company assesses the valuation of inventory and periodically writes down the value for estimated excess and obsolete inventory based upon the product life-cycle.

Impairment of long-lived assets

We review the carrying value of long-lived assets to be held and used when events and circumstances warrants such a review. The carrying value of a long-lived asset is considered impaired when the anticipated undiscounted cash flow from such asset is separately identifiable and is less than its carrying value. In that event, a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair market value of the long-lived asset. Fair market value is determined primarily using the anticipated cash flows discounted at a rate commensurate with the risk involved. Losses on long-lived assets to be disposed are determined in a similar manner, except that fair market values are reduced for the cost to dispose.

Revenue recognition

We derive revenue principally from the sale of mobile phones and accessories. Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized using the following five steps:

A contract contains a promise (or promises) to transfer goods or services to a customer. A performance obligation is a promise (or a group of promises) that is distinct. The transaction price is the amount of consideration a company expects to be entitled from a customer in exchange for providing the goods or services.

The unit of account for revenue recognition is a performance obligation (a good or service). A contract may contain one or more performance obligations. Performance obligations are accounted for separately if they are distinct. A good or service is distinct if the customer can benefit from the good or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer, and the good or service is distinct in the context of the contract. Otherwise performance obligations are combined with other promised goods or services until the Company identifies a bundle of goods or services that is distinct. Promises in contracts which do not result in the transfer of a good or service are not performance obligations, as well as those promises that are administrative in nature, or are immaterial in the context of the contract. The Company has addressed whether various goods and services promised to the customer represent distinct performance obligations. The Company applied the guidance of ASC Topic 606-10-25-16 through 18 in order to verify which promises should be assessed for classification as distinct performance obligations.

Cooperation with OEM/ODM customers

Revenue is measured based on the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in a contract with a customer and excludes amounts collected on behalf of third parties. The Company generates our revenue through product sales, and shipping terms generally indicate when we have fulfilled our performance obligations and passed control of products to our customer, when the goods have been shipped to the customer’s specific location (delivery). Following delivery, the customer has full discretion over the manner of distribution and price to sell the goods, has the primary responsibility when selling the goods and bears the risks of obsolescence and loss in relation to the goods but has no right to return the products (other than for defective products). A receivable is recognized by the Company when the goods are delivered to the customer as this represents the point in time at which the right to consideration becomes unconditional, as only the passage of time is required before payment is due. Revenue from OEM/ODM customers does not meet the criteria to be recognized over time since 1) we do not have the right of payment for the performance completed to date, 2) our work neither create or enhance an assets controlled by customers until goods are delivered to the customer, 3) customers do not receive and consume benefits simultaneously provided by our performance.

Sales of products for in-house brands

For revenue realized in Indian market, additional term of goods return may apply. Under Do Mobile’s standard contract terms, end users have a right of return for defective devices within 7 days. At the point of sale, a refund liability and a corresponding adjustment to revenue is recognized for those products expected to be returned. At the same time, Do Mobile has a right to recover the product when customers exercise their right of return so consequently recognizes a right to returned goods asset and a corresponding adjustment to cost of sales. Do Mobile uses its accumulated historical experience to estimate the number of returns on a portfolio level using the expected value method, taking into consideration of the type of products.

Sales of face masks

The Company recognizes revenue from sales of face masks upon transfer of control of its products to the customer, which typically occurs upon delivery. The Company’s main performance obligation to its customers is the delivery of products in accordance with purchase orders. Each purchase order defines the transaction price for the products purchased under the arrangement. Delivery of these products occurs at that point of time when the control of the products is transferred to the customer.

Income taxes

Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method as prescribed by ASC 740 “Income Taxes”. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which these temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance would be provided for those deferred tax assets for which if it is more likely than not that the related benefit will not be realized.

Uncertain tax positions

The guidance on accounting for uncertainties in income taxes prescribes a more likely than not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Guidance was also provided on the recognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, accounting for income taxes in interim periods, and income tax disclosures. Significant judgment is required in evaluating the Company’s uncertain tax positions and determining its provision for income taxes. The Company recognizes interests and penalties, if any, under accrued expenses and other current liabilities on its balance sheet and under other expenses in its statement of comprehensive income.

Lease

Prior to the adoption of ASC 842 on April 1, 2019:

Leases where substantially all the rewards and risks of ownership of assets remain with the lessor are accounted for as operating leases. Rental expense is recognized from the date of initial possession of the leased property on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Rental expenses incurred by the Company was RMB5.7 million for the year ended March 31, 2019.

The Company has no capital leases for any of the periods presented.

Upon and hereafter the adoption of ASC 842 on April 1, 2019:

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. It uses the implicit rate when readily determinable. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company have elected not to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases for all classes of underlying assets. Short-term leases are leases with terms of 12 months or less and does not include a purchase option that is reasonably certain to exercise.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

We discuss recently adopted and issued accounting standards in Note 2, “SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES — Recently issued accounting standards” of the notes to our consolidated financial statements.

ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

6.A. Directors, Executive Officers and Key Employees

The following table sets forth the name, age, positions and a brief description of the business experience of each of our directors, executive officers and key employees as of the date hereof.