Huake Holding Biology (HUAK) F-1Registration statement (foreign)

As filed the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 29, 2021

Registration No. 333 – [●]

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM F-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

Huake Holding Biology Co., LTD.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Shuhe Road, Tangchi Town

Shucheng County, Lu’an City, Anhui Province

People’s Republic of China 231343

+86 564 8242 222

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

Puglisi & Associates

850 Library Avenue

Suite 204

Newark, Delaware 19711

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

With a Copy to:

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: Promptly after the effective date of this registration statement.

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

The Registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to such Section 8(a), may determine.

As submitted to the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 29, 2021

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS DATED [●], 2021

[●] Ordinary Shares

Huake Holding Biology Co., LTD.

This is an initial public offering of our ordinary shares. We are offering on a firm commitment basis our ordinary shares, par value $1 per share (“Ordinary Shares”). Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our Ordinary Shares. We expect the initial public offering price will be in the range of $[●] to $[●] per Ordinary Share. We have reserved the symbol “HUAK” for purposes of listing our Ordinary Shares on Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) and plan to apply to list our Ordinary Shares on Nasdaq. We cannot assure you that our application will be approved; if it is not approved, we will not complete this offering.

Investing in our Ordinary Shares involves a high degree of risk, including the risk of losing your entire investment. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 11 to read about factors you should consider before buying our Ordinary Shares.

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined under the federal securities laws and will be subject to reduced public company reporting requirements. Please read the disclosures beginning on page 5 of this prospectus for more information.

We expect our total cash expenses for this offering (including cash expenses payable to our underwriters for their out-of-pocket expenses) to be approximately $          million, exclusive of the above commissions. In addition, we will pay additional items of value in connection of this offering that are viewed by the Financial Industry Regulatory, or FINRA, as underwriting compensation. These payments will further reduce proceeds available to us before expenses. See “Underwriting”.

This offering is being conducted on a firm commitment basis. The underwriters are obligated to take and pay for all of the shares if any such shares are taken. We have granted the underwriters an option for a period of [●] days after the closing of this offering to purchase up to [●]% of the total number of our Ordinary Shares to be offered by us pursuant to this offering (excluding shares subject to this option), solely for the purpose of covering overallotments, at the initial public offering price less the underwriting discount. If the underwriters exercise the option in full, the total underwriting discounts and commissions payable will be $[●], and the total proceeds to us, after underwriting commissions and expenses but before offering expenses, will be $[●]. If we complete this offering, net proceeds will be delivered to our company on the closing date.

One of the conditions to our obligation to sell any securities through the underwriters is that, upon the closing of the offering, the Ordinary Shares would qualify for listing on Nasdaq.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

Prospectus dated [●], 2021.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus or in any related free-writing prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information different from that contained in this prospectus. We are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, the ordinary shares only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. The information contained in this prospectus is current only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of the ordinary shares.

Until          , 2021 (the 25^th day after the date of this prospectus), all dealers that buy, sell or trade ordinary shares, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the obligation of dealers to deliver a prospectus when acting as an underwriter and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.

About this Prospectus

We and the underwriters have not authorized anyone to provide any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectuses prepared by us or on our behalf or to which we have referred you. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the Ordinary Shares offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. We are not making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted or where the person making the offer or sale is not qualified to do so or to any person to whom it is not permitted to make such offer or sale. For the avoidance of doubt, no offer or invitation to subscribe for Ordinary Shares is made to the public in the Cayman Islands. The information contained in this prospectus is current only as of the date on the front cover of the prospectus. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.

Other Pertinent Information

Unless otherwise indicated or the context requires otherwise, references in this prospectus to:

Our business is conducted by Aokai Fa, our VIE in the PRC, using RMB, the currency of China. Our consolidated financial statements are presented in United States dollars. In this prospectus, we refer to assets, obligations, commitments, and liabilities in our consolidated financial statements in United States dollars. These dollar references are based on the exchange rate of RMB to United States dollars, determined as of a specific date or for a specific period. Changes in the exchange rate will affect the amount of our obligations and the value of our assets in terms of United States dollars which may result in an increase or decrease in the amount of our obligations (expressed in dollars) and the value of our assets, including accounts receivable (expressed in dollars).

RISK FACTORS

An investment in our Ordinary Shares involves a high degree of risk. Before deciding whether to invest in our Ordinary Shares, you should consider carefully the risks described below, together with all of the other information set forth in this prospectus, including the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes. If any of these risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flow could be materially and adversely affected, which could cause the trading price of our Ordinary Shares to decline, resulting in a loss of all or part of your investment. The risks described below and in the documents referenced above are not the only ones that we face. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our business. You should only consider investing in our Ordinary Shares if you can bear the risk of loss of your entire investment.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

Our limited operating history may not serve as an adequate basis to judge our future prospects and results of operations. We cannot guaranty that we will maintain profitability or that we will not incur net losses in the future.

Our limited operating history in the Camellia Oil industry may not provide a meaningful basis to evaluate our business. Aokai Fa was formed in 2011. We cannot assure you that we will maintain profitability or that we will not incur net losses in the future. We will continue to encounter risks and difficulties that companies at a similar stage of development frequently experience, including, but not limited to, the potential failure to:

If we are not successful in addressing any or all of the foregoing risks, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may be materially and adversely affected.

Our operations are inherently subject to changing conditions that can affect our profitability, such as a decrease in sales of our products and unfavorable weather and environmental conditions.

Our operations are subject to changing conditions that can affect levels of production and production costs for varying lengths of time and can result in decreases in profitability. We are exposed to price risks related to the sale of Camellia Oil.

In addition, our operating results might also be adversely impacted by unfavorable weather and environmental conditions including but not limited to sandstorm and drought. Under unfavorable weather and environmental conditions, we might be forced to pursue special production plans which differ from our routine production activities, including temporarily closing our production facilities, shortening operation time, and reducing production shifts. As a result, our productivity might materially decrease.

Part of our revenue stream depends on to the timely obtain camellia seeds. The supply of camellia seeds and their timely availability can be negated by drought, flood, storm, blight, or the other woes of farming. Any such event or a combination thereof could render us unable to meet the demands of our distribution network. This could have a long-term negative effect on our ability to grow our business.

Quarterly operating results may fluctuate, and our operating results could be adversely affected by various factors such as decrease of product sales, price changes in response to competitive factor and increases in raw material costs.

Our quarterly results of operations may fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including fluctuation in the demand for our products and changes in the price of core raw materials, including camellia seeds, which directly affect the price of our products and may influence the demand for our products. Therefore, quarter-to-quarter comparisons of results of operations have been and will be impacted by the volume of such orders and shipments. In addition, our operating results could be adversely affected by, among others, the following factors: variations in the mix of product sales; price changes in response to competitive factors; increases in raw material costs and other significant costs; increases in utility costs (particularly electricity), and interruptions in plant operations resulting from the interruption of raw material supplies.

We may need additional capital that we may be unable to obtain in a timely manner or on acceptable terms, or at all.

We may require additional capital in order to grow, remain competitive, develop new services and expand our capacity. Our ability to obtain capital is subject to a variety of uncertainties, including:

We are significantly dependent on the revenues from our trading business of Camellia Oil and, therefore, our results of operations could be negatively impacted if we are unable to sell a sufficient amount of Camellia Oil at satisfactory margins.

For fiscal years 2020 and 2019, we derived approximately 93.83% and 94.45% respectively, of our total revenue from the sale of Camellia Oil. Our dependence on the market for camellia seeds for planting makes us particularly vulnerable to negative market changes that may occur in this product line. In particular, if demand for camellia seeds increases or if industry demand exceeds supply, the price of camellia seeds will be driven upward and our margins will be negatively impacted, which would have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

If we fail to effectively promote our brands, particularly our brand “Aokai Fa” (“奥凯发”), our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

We believe that brand image plays an important role in influencing consumers’ decisions in purchasing our products. Our brands, particularly our brand “Aokai Fa”, are critical to the success of our business. For the fiscal years 2020 and 2019, we derived approximately 93.83% and 94.45% respectively, of our total revenue from the sales of Camellia Oil products under our brand “Aokai Fa”. Our business and market position largely depend on our ability to successfully promote our brands, particularly our brand “Aokai Fa” and our ability to continue to develop and sell new products under our brands. We cannot assure you that our marketing and promotional activities will remain effective. If we fail to successfully market or promote our brands, our brand recognition may be adversely affected and the demand for our products may decline or fail to increase as much as we expect. If our brands are tarnished in any manner, we may lose our competitive advantage and our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

We are dependent on certain key distributors and loss of these key distributors could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and revenue

Company’s main products are sold indirectly through distributors to our main customers. If the sales performance of any distributor declines or if any distributor terminates the cooperation with us or even starts to cooperate with any of our competitors, or if there is any modification as to the sales and purchase terms entered into by and between the Company and any main distributor, our business, financial condition and revenue would be seriously impacted.

We do not carry insurance coverage, any material loss to our properties or assets will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and operations.

We (including our subsidiaries and operating companies) are not insured in amounts that adequately cover the risks of our business operations. As a result, any material loss or damage to our direct or indirect, properties or other assets, or personal injuries arising from our direct or indirect business operations would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and operations. Neither we, our subsidiaries nor our operating company, carries officer and director liability insurance. This may cause us to experience difficulties in convincing qualified persons to fill such positions.

While we currently have no claims, litigation or regulatory actions filed or pending by or against us, future claims, litigation or enforcement actions could arise, and any obligation to pay a judgment or damages could materially harm our business or financial condition.

From time to time, we may be engaged in litigation and incurred significant costs relating to these matters. The inherent uncertainties of litigation, and the ultimate cost and outcome of litigation cannot be predicted. We currently do not carry director and officer liability insurance and other insurance policies that provide protection against various liabilities relating to claims against us and our executive officers and directors. Any expenses and liabilities relating to future lawsuits will materially harm our financial condition. In addition, we are unable to obtain this insurance coverage due to cost or other reasons. It could make it more difficult for us to retain and attract officers and directors and could expose us to potentially self-funding certain future liabilities ordinarily mitigated by director and officer liability insurance.

We indemnify our directors and officers against certain liabilities and do not presently carry director and officer liability insurance.

As permitted under Cayman Islands law and pursuant to our governing documents and indemnification agreements with certain of our officers and directors, we indemnify our directors and officers against monetary damages, including advancing expenses, to the fullest extent permitted by Cayman Islands law. We do not carry director and officer liability insurance, so our assets are at risk in the event of successful claims against us or our officers and directors. Our assets may not be sufficient to satisfy judgments against us and our officers and directors in the event of such successful claims. In addition, our lack of director and officer liability insurance may adversely affect our ability to attract and retain highly qualified directors and officers in the future.

Any disruption in the supply chain of raw materials and our products could adversely impact our ability to produce and deliver products.

As to the products we manufacture, we must manage our supply chain for raw materials and delivery of our products. Supply chain fragmentation and local protectionism within China further complicates supply chain disruption risks. Local administrative bodies and physical infrastructure built to protect local interests pose transportation challenges for raw material transportation as well as product delivery throughout China. In addition, profitability and volume could be negatively impacted by limitations inherent within the supply chain, including competitive, governmental, legal, natural disasters, and other events that could impact both supply and price. Any of these occurrences could cause significant disruptions to our supply chain, manufacturing capability and distribution system that could adversely impact our ability to produce and deliver some of our products.

Most of raw materials used in our main products are procured from farmers. Environmental risks are faced by all farmers engaged in agricultural production, and the methods of cultivation and reap adopted by farmers may significantly affect the output of raw materials. Thus, there may be risks that farmers could not have the ability to supply continuously and stably.

A limited number of our customers have accounted for and may account for a high percentage of our revenues. The loss or significant reduction in orders from any of these customers could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Our ten major customers accounted for over 59.5% and 55.9% of our total revenue for the fiscal years ended in September 30, 2020 and 2019. Non-renewal or termination of our relationship with these customers may have a material adverse effect on our revenue. No assurance can be given that we will be able to maintain a relationship similar in scope to our current arrangement with these customers. Additionally, no assurance can be given that our business will not remain largely dependent on a limited number of customers accounting for a substantial part of our revenue.

Due to our customer concentration, any of the following events, among others, may cause material revenue fluctuations or adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and prospects:

Fluctuation on price of raw materials may cause reduction on profits and adverse impact on our business

Raw materials used in production of our main products are acquired and purchased in China markets, and under the influence of Chinese domestic industrial policies and market price changes, the price of our raw materials changed a lot during recent years. Sharp change on price of raw materials may adversely affect the profitability of the Company.

The retail price of our main product may be subject to control by PRC authorities and may cause material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Our main product is pre-packaged camellia oil, which is recognized as one of the essential daily goods purchased daily by common people. When the domestic and international market price of edible vegetable oil roars sharply and causes serious impact on consumption, PRC governmental authorities may conduct price controls in the form of fixed retail prices or retail price ceilings. Due to this, Company may face operational pressure for increasing costs, and our profit level may be likely lowered. Any future price controls or government mandated price reductions may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations, including significantly reducing our revenue and profitability.

Our business requires a number of permits and licenses in order to carry on our business.

Food manufacturers in China are required to obtain certain permits and licenses from various PRC governmental authorities, including Food Production License and Food Operation License. Also, we process camellia seeds and participate in the manufacture of camellia oil, which is subject to various PRC laws and regulations pertaining to the agricultural and forestry industry. We have obtained licenses required for the manufacture and operation of edible vegetable oil which includes camellia oil.

Importers and exporters in China are required to complete registration for record before MOFCOM to become a qualified Foreign Trade Operator. We have completed such formalities in accordance with relevant Chinese laws and regulations and obtained certificate for such qualification.

We cannot assure you that we can maintain all required licenses and certificate to carry on our business at all times, and in the past from time to time we may have not been in compliance with all such required licenses or certificates. Moreover, these licenses and certificates are subject to periodic renewal and/or reassessment by the relevant PRC governmental authorities and the standards of such renewal or reassessment may change from time to time. We intend to apply for the renewal of these licenses and certificate when required by then applicable laws and regulations. Any failure by us to obtain and maintain all licenses or certificates necessary to carry on our business at any time could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, any inability to renew these licenses and certificate could severely disrupt our business and prevent us from continuing to carry on our business. Any changes in the standards used by governmental authorities in considering whether to renew or reassess our business licenses, as well as any enactment of new regulations that may restrict the conduct of our business, may also decrease our revenue and/or increase our costs and materially reduce our profitability and prospects. Furthermore, if the interpretation or implementation of existing laws and regulations changes or if new regulations come into effect requiring us to obtain any additional licenses, permits or certifications that were previously not required to operate our existing businesses, we cannot assure you that we may successfully obtain such licenses, permits or certifications.

Adverse publicity associated with our products, ingredients or network marketing program, or those of similar companies, could harm our reputation, financial condition and operating results.

The results of our operations may be significantly affected by the public’s perception of our product and similar companies. This perception is dependent upon opinions concerning:

Adverse publicity concerning any actual or purported failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations regarding product claims and advertising or other aspects of our business, whether or not resulting in enforcement actions or the imposition of penalties, could have an adverse effect on our goodwill and could negatively affect our sales and ability to generate revenue. In addition, our consumers’ perception of the safety and quality of products and ingredients as well as similar products and ingredients distributed by other companies can be significantly influenced by media attention, publicized scientific research or findings, widespread product liability claims and other publicity concerning our products or ingredients or similar products and ingredients distributed by other companies. Adverse publicity, whether or not accurate or resulting from consumers’ use or misuse of our products, that associates consumption of our products or ingredients or any similar products or ingredients with illness or other adverse effects, questions the benefits of our or similar products or claims that any such products are ineffective, inappropriately advertised or have inaccurate instructions as to their use, could negatively impact our reputation or the market demand for our products.

We may not be able to develop new products or expand into new markets; as a result, our business and financial condition could be adversely affected.

The launch and development of new products involve considerable time and commitment which may exert a substantial strain on our ability to manage our existing business and operations. We cannot ensure the success of any new brand or products or that any income will be generated from such new brand or products. If we are not able to develop and introduce new products successfully, or if new products fail to generate sufficient revenues to offset research and development costs, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

We cannot assure you that we will successfully enter into other markets in China. If we fail to expand into new markets, our business and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Our operations may be disrupted for maintenance services or reasons beyond our control, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our operations could be disrupted for maintenance services or reasons beyond our control. The refinement production lines are subject to a maintenance period of approximately 30 days per year, usually in July, during which the refinement production process stops. Other production lines are subject to on-going maintenance checks. Moreover, other causes of disruption include extreme weather conditions, fire, natural catastrophes, raw material supply disruptions, equipment and system failures, mechanical malfunctions, workforce shortages, workforce actions, human errors or environmental issues. Any significant disruption to our operations could adversely affect our ability to produce and sell products or deliver services, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If our products become contaminated, we may be subject to product liability claims and product recalls.

Our products may be subject to contamination by disease-producing organisms or pathogens. These pathogens are found generally in the environment and therefore, there is a risk that they could be present in our products. These pathogens can also be introduced to our products as a result of improper handling during processing or at the consumer level. We have little, if any, control over proper handling procedures once our products are delivered for distribution.

Our products are subject to sampling examinations on product quality by the PRC government authorities. If the products materially failed to meet any relevant quality or safety standards, we may be required by the PRC government authorities to recall the products and we may be held responsible for such failure, in which case our reputation and operations will be adversely affected.

Producers and sellers of defective products in the PRC may be liable for any loss and injury caused by such products. According to the principal laws and regulations governing this area, such as the PRC Civil Law, where a sub-standard product causes property damage or physical injury to any person, the producer or seller of such sub-standard product may be subject to civil liabilities under the PRC Civil Law for such damage or injury. The PRC Civil Law was supplemented by the Product Quality Law. The Product Quality Law is intended to protect the legitimate rights and interests of end-users and consumers and to strengthen the supervision and control of the quality of products. Under the Product Quality Law, producers are responsible for the quality of the products they produce and the products must meet certain minimum standards. Further, the Consumers’ Protection Law gives protection to legal rights and interests of consumers in respect to the safety of people and property in the purchase or use of goods or services. The Consumers’ Protection Law must be observed by operators in the PRC in respect to goods produced or sold by them and in the provision of services.

We may also be liable for loss and injury due to defective products under the relevant laws of all possible jurisdictions other than the PRC which may have a materially adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. There can be no assurance that additional regulatory requirements will not be imposed by the PRC or other government authorities outside the PRC. We may also be required to incur extra expenditures to comply with the additional regulatory requirements from time to time. So far there was no product liability claim, product recall or other incident due to contamination of our products. We are not aware of any contamination of our products.

Liabilities and costs caused by environmental protection management may cause adverse effect on our corporate performance and profitability.

The business of the company is restricted by the PRC’s environmental protection laws and regulations. In accordance with the relevant requirements, enterprises engaged in manufacturing and construction that are likely to cause environmental pollution shall take effective measures to control and properly dispose of waste gases, sewage, industrial waste, dust and other environmental waste materials. The manufacturer who discharges the waste will have to pay a fee for discharging the waste in excess of the permitted level. Failure to comply with the relevant laws and regulations may result in fines on the Company imposed by local environmental authorities, and the Company’s facilities may also be suspended or closed as a result. We cannot guarantee that PRC will not change existing laws or regulations relating to environmental protection, or enforce additional or stricter laws or regulations, and that failure to comply with these laws and regulations may result in substantial costs and expenses. Also, the Company may not be able to pass any of such costs or expenses on to any customer by raising the price of the product, which may result in a derogation of the Company’s actual net income. Besides, as a food manufacturer, during the production, we may have to discharge a certain amount of waste water, waste gas and solid waste items. We will face environmental pollution issues if we fail to take appropriate measures to protect environment or due to equipment troubles. Thus, we need to continuously put our efforts and relevant environmental protection equipment and facility into improving the capacity of disposing wastewater, waste gas and solid waste items, and such inputs could cause adverse effect on our profitability.

We may undertake acquisitions, investments, joint ventures or other strategic alliances, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to manage our business. In addition, such undertakings may not be successful.

Our strategy includes plans to grow both organically and through acquisitions, joint ventures or other strategic alliances. Joint ventures and strategic alliances may expose us to new operational, regulatory and market risks, as well as risks associated with additional capital requirements. We may not be able to identify suitable future acquisition candidates or alliance partners. Even if we identify suitable candidates or partners, we may be unable to complete an acquisition or alliance on terms commercially acceptable to us. If we fail to identify appropriate candidates or partners, or complete desired acquisitions, we may not be able to implement our strategies effectively or efficiently.

In addition, our ability to successfully integrate acquired companies and their operations may be adversely affected by a number of factors. These factors include:

If we fail to integrate acquired companies efficiently, our earnings, revenues growth and business could be negatively affected. Furthermore, the acquired companies may not perform to our expectations for various reasons, including legislative or regulatory changes that affect the products in which the acquired companies specialize, and the loss of key personnel and users. If we are not able to realize the benefits envisioned for such acquisitions, joint ventures or other strategic alliances, our overall profitability and growth plans may be adversely affected.

Our failure to compete effectively may adversely affect our ability to generate revenue.

We compete with other companies, many of whom are developing or can be expected to develop products similar to ours. Many of our competitors are also more established than we are, and have significantly greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources than we presently possess. Some of our competitors have greater name recognition and a larger operation scale and customer base. These competitors may be able to respond more quickly to new or changing opportunities and customer requirements and may be able to undertake more extensive promotional activities, offer more attractive terms to customers, and adopt more aggressive pricing policies. We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete effectively with current or future competitors or that the competitive pressures we face will not harm our business.

Increased competition could lead to lower revenues and higher costs. There is no guarantee that the Company will be able to compete effectively with current and future competitors, nor will it be possible to ensure that competitors will not actively resort to legal or illegal means which aim at destroying the brand and product quality of us or affecting the confidence of our consumers.

We require significant amounts of capital to operate our business and fund capital expenditures. Insufficient cash flow may adversely affect our competitiveness and results of operations.

Our business is capital intensive and we depend on cash provided by our operations as well as access to external financing to operate and expand our business. We require significant amounts of capital to operate our business and fund capital expenditures. Our future funding requirements will depend, to a large extent, on our working capital requirements and the nature of our capital expenditures. We are required to make substantial capital expenditures to maintain and continuously upgrade and expand our production facilities, as well as distribution and marketing network to keep pace with competitive developments, technological advances and changing requirements in our industry. We intend to fund a portion of our future capital expenditures, working capital and other funding requirements from cash flows provided by our operating activities and from external sources of financing. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flows or raise sufficient external financing on attractive terms to fund these activities, we may not be able to achieve our desired operating efficiencies and expansion plans, which may adversely impact our competitiveness and, therefore, our results of operations.

We face risks related to natural disasters, extreme weather conditions, health epidemics and other catastrophic incidents, which could significantly disrupt our operations.

In the past, China has experienced significant natural disasters, including earthquakes, extreme weather conditions, as well as health scares related to epidemics, and any similar event could materially impact our business in the future. If a disaster or other disruption were to occur in the future that affects the regions where we operate our business, our operations could be materially and adversely affected due to loss of personnel, damages to our manufacturing facilities and volatile Chinese markets. Even if we are not directly affected, such a disaster or disruption could affect the operations or financial condition of our ecosystem participants such as suppliers and distributors, which could harm our results of operations.

In general, our business could be affected by public health epidemics. If any of our employees or staff members who operates manufacturing facilities or conduct R&D activities is suspected of having contracted a contagious disease, we may be required to apply quarantines to our facilities or suspend our manufacturing operations entirely. Furthermore, any future outbreak may restrict economic activities in affected regions and beyond, resulting in reduced business volume, temporary closure of our factories or other disruptions of our business operations and adversely affect our results of operations.

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus, commonly referred to as “COVID-19”, first found in mainland China, then in Asia and eventually throughout the world, has significantly affected business and manufacturing activities within China, including travel restrictions, widespread mandatory quarantines, and suspension of business activities within China. These measures may cause severe business disruptions to our customers and suppliers, and may also lead to postponement of payment from these parties. Our R&D efforts, which we consider to be the core of our product innovation, may also be negatively affected. Accordingly, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.

More specifically, the COVID-19 outbreak has negatively impacted our businesses in the following ways:

Since the occurrence of COVID-19 in January 2020, it has posed great impacts in China. The Company paid great attention to its potential disruption to its business and has taken several measures to contain the negative effects it might bring to us. We believe the overlap between the national holiday of Chinese New Year and the outbreak period offset partially the negative effects. Besides, since we operate mainly out of Anhui Province, which has not been the epicenter of the outbreak (Hubei Province), and our production site is located in a city that has few infected case, this outbreak actually caused minor impacts on our business and operation.

On the sales side, during the audit period ending September 30, 2020, Hubei Province accounted for only 0.26% of our total revenue. Hence, we have observed no significant drop on the demands from our existing customers.

On the production side, the epidemic has limited impacts. We complied with government regulations and postponed the reopening of production line after Chinese New Year for approximately 2 weeks later than initially planned, to February 20, 2020. Nearly all of our production staffs are local residents and do not have to go through quarantine period before they went back to work. Therefore, we did not encounter a shortage of labor. As of the date of this prospectus, the Company has restored all of its production capacity as usual and is able to fulfill customers’ needs.

Since Anhui Province has been successful on its efforts containing the spread of the virus, we haven’t observed significant impacts concerning the matters relating to logistics, suppliers, and price of raw materials.

Due to the continuous and rapid development of the COVID-19 outbreak, which was categorized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, the extent of the negative impact of COVID-19 outbreak on our business is currently uncertain.

The estimates of market opportunity, forecasts of market growth included in this prospectus may prove to be inaccurate, and any real or perceived inaccuracies may harm our reputation and negatively affect our business. Even if the market in which we compete achieves the forecasted growth, our business could fail to grow at similar rates, if at all.

Market opportunity estimates and growth forecasts included in this prospectus are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates that may not prove to be accurate. The variables that go into the calculation of our market opportunities are subject to change over time, and there is no guarantee that any particular number or percentage of addressable companies covered by our market opportunities estimates will purchase our products and solutions at all or generate any particular level of revenues for us. Even if the market in which we compete meets the size estimates and growth forecasted in this prospectus, our business could fail to grow for a variety of reasons, including reasons outside of our control, such as competition in our industry.

Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure and Operation

We rely on contractual arrangements with our variable interest entities in China for our business operations, which may not be as effective in providing operational control or enabling us to derive economic benefits as through ownership of controlling equity interests.

We rely on and expect to continue to rely on our wholly owned PRC subsidiary’s contractual arrangements with our variable interest entities in China and their respective shareholders to operate business. These contractual arrangements may not be as effective as an ownership of controlling equity interests would be in providing us with control over the variable interest entities, or in enabling us to derive economic benefits from the operations of, the affiliated consolidated entities. Under the current contractual arrangements, as a legal matter, if any of the affiliated consolidated entities or any of their shareholders fails to perform its, his or her respective obligations under these contractual arrangements, we may have to incur substantial costs and resources to enforce such arrangements, and rely on legal remedies available under PRC laws, including seeking specific performance or injunctive relief, and claiming damages, which we cannot assure you will be effective. For example, if shareholders of a variable interest entity were to refuse to transfer their equity interests in such variable interest entity to us or our designated persons when we exercise the purchase option pursuant to these contractual arrangements, we may have to take a legal action to compel them to fulfill their contractual obligations.

If (i) the applicable PRC authorities invalidate these contractual arrangements for violation of PRC laws, rules and regulations, (ii) any variable interest entity or its shareholders terminate the contractual arrangements or (iii) any variable interest entity or its shareholders fail to perform their obligations under these contractual arrangements, our business operations in China would be materially and adversely affected, and the value of your stock would substantially decrease. Further, if we fail to renew these contractual arrangements upon their expiration, we would not be able to continue our business operations unless the then current PRC law allows us to directly operate businesses in China.

In addition, if any variable interest entity or all or part of its assets become subject to liens or rights of third-party creditors, we may be unable to continue some or all of our business activities, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. If any of the variable interest entities undergoes a voluntary or involuntary liquidation proceeding, its shareholders or unrelated third-party creditors may claim rights to some or all of these assets, thereby hindering our ability to operate our business, which could materially and adversely affect our business and our ability to generate revenues.

All of these contractual arrangements are governed by PRC law and provide for the resolution of disputes through arbitration in the PRC. The legal environment in the PRC is not as developed as in some other jurisdictions, such as the United States. As a result, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit our ability to enforce these contractual arrangements. In the event we are unable to enforce these contractual arrangements, we may not be able to exert effective control over our operating entities and we may be precluded from operating our business, which would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

The laws of the Cayman Islands may not provide our shareholders with benefits comparable to those provided to shareholders of corporations incorporated in the United States.

We are a Cayman Islands exempted company with limited liability. Our corporate affairs are governed by our Articles of Association (as may be amended and restated from time to time) and by the laws of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders and the responsibilities of members of our board of directors may be different from the rights of shareholders and responsibilities of directors in companies governed by the laws of U.S. jurisdictions. In particular, as a matter of Cayman Islands law, directors of a Cayman Islands company owe fiduciary duties to the company and separately a duty of care, diligence and skill to the company. Under Cayman Islands law, directors and officers owe the following fiduciary duties: (i) a duty to act in good faith in what the director or officer believes to be in the best interests of the company as a whole; (ii) a duty to exercise powers for the purposes for which those powers were conferred and not for a collateral purpose; (iii) directors should not improperly fetter the exercise of future discretion; (iv) a duty to exercise powers fairly as between different sections of shareholders; (v) a duty to exercise independent judgment; and (vi) a duty not to put themselves in a position in which there is a conflict between their duty to the company and their personal interests. Our Articles of Association have varied this last obligation by providing that a director must disclose the nature and extent of his or her interest, including those that may be a material interest, in any contract or arrangement, and following such disclosure and subject to any restriction/disqualification where the interest is material or any separate requirement under applicable law or the listing rules of the Nasdaq, and unless disqualified by the chairman of the relevant meeting, such director may vote in respect of any transaction or arrangement in which he or she is interested and may be counted in the quorum at the meeting. Conversely, under Delaware corporate law, a director has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its stockholders (made up of two components) and the director’s duties prohibit self-dealing by a director and mandate that the best interest of the corporation and its shareholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling shareholder and not shared by the shareholders generally. See “Description of Share Capital —Differences in Corporate Law.”

Recently introduced economic substance legislation of the Cayman Islands may adversely impact us or our operations.

The Cayman Islands, together with several other non-European Union jurisdictions, have recently introduced legislation aimed at addressing concerns raised by the Council of the European Union as to offshore structures engaged in certain activities which attract profits without real economic activity. With effect from January 1, 2019, the International Tax Co-operation (Economic Substance) Act, (2021 Revision) (the “Substance Act”) came into force in the Cayman Islands introducing certain economic substance requirements for in-scope Cayman Islands entities which are engaged in certain “relevant activities,” which in the case of exempted companies incorporated before January 1, 2019, will apply in respect of financial years commencing July 1, 2019, onwards. As we are a Cayman Islands company, compliance obligations include filing annual notifications for the Company, which need to state whether we are carrying out any relevant activities and if so, whether we have satisfied economic substance tests to the extent required under the Cayman Economic Substance Act. As it is a new regime, it is anticipated that the Substance Act will evolve and be subject to further clarification and amendments. We may need to allocate additional resources to keep updated with these developments, and may have to make changes to our operations in order to comply with all requirements under the Substance Act. Failure to satisfy these requirements may subject us to penalties under the Substance Act.

If we are classified as a passive foreign investment company, United States taxpayers who own our Ordinary Shares may have adverse United States federal income tax consequences.

A non-U.S. corporation such as ourselves will be classified as a passive foreign investment company, which is known as a PFIC, for any taxable year if, for such year, either

Passive income generally includes dividends, interest, rents and royalties (other than rents or royalties derived from the active conduct of a trade or business) and gains from the disposition of passive assets.

If we are determined to be a PFIC for any taxable year (or portion thereof) that is included in the holding period of a U.S. taxpayer who holds our Ordinary Shares, the U.S. taxpayer may be subject to increased U.S. federal income tax liability and may be subject to additional reporting requirements.

Depending on the amount of cash we raise in this offering, together with any other assets held for the production of passive income, it is possible that, for our 2018 taxable year or for any subsequent year, more than 50% of our assets may be assets which produce passive income. We will make this determination following the end of any particular tax year. Although the law in this regard is unclear, we are treating Aokai Fa as being owned by us for United States federal income tax purposes, not only because we control their management decisions, but also because we are entitled to the economic benefits associated with Aokai Fa, and as a result, we are treating Aokai Fa as our wholly-owned subsidiary for U.S. federal income tax purposes. For purposes of the PFIC analysis, in general, according to Internal Revenue Code Section 1297(c), a non-U.S. corporation is deemed to own its pro rata share of the gross income and assets of any entity in which it is considered to own at least 25% of the equity by value. Although WFOE does not technically own any stock in Aokai Fa, because of its control over management decisions of Aokai Fa, its entitlement to economic benefits associated with Aokai Fa, and the inclusion of Aokai Fa as part of the consolidated group (under Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 810, “Consolidation,” VIEs are generally consolidated with other related entities under common control), there is a risk that WFOE’s interest in Aokai Fa might be considered a deemed stock interest. Therefore, the income and assets of Aokai Fa should be included in the determination of whether or not we are a PFIC in any taxable year Since there is little to no guidance other than the statute itself (Internal Revenue Code Section 1297(c)) and analogous portions of the code, treasury regulations and other accepted authorities, the IRS could challenge our position that the look through rule should apply in this. In the event the IRS takes the position that we should not treated as owning Aokai Fa for United States federal income tax purposes, we would likely be treated as a PFIC.

We may not be able to hire and retain qualified personnel to support our growth and if we are unable to retain or hire these personnel in the future, our ability to improve our products and implement our business objectives could be adversely affected.

We must attract, recruit and retain a sizeable workforce of technically competent employees. Competition for senior management and senior personnel in the PRC is intense, the pool of qualified candidates in the PRC is very limited, and we may not be able to retain the services of our senior executives or senior personnel, or attract and retain high-quality senior executives or senior personnel in the future. This failure could materially and adversely affect our future growth and financial condition.

Inappropriate management or control of actual controller would cause adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Ms. Pingting Wang holds majority shares in and is the actual controller of the Company. Before this offering, her shareholding in the Company amounts to 41.77%. If the internal control of the Company is inefficient, the corporate governance structure is incomplete, or the operation is non-compliant, and Ms. Wang may by way of utilizing her voting rights and her title and position in the Company to affect and interfere with significant capital expenditure, appointment and removal of personnel, development planning, related transactions and other important issues of the Company, and thus the corporate decision-making results may deviate from the best interests of either the Company or the minority shareholders and then may cause adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are dependent on certain key personnel and loss of these key personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our success is, to a certain extent, attributable to the management, sales and marketing, and research and development expertise of key personnel. We are dependent upon the services of Mr. Shuguang Chang, our Chairman of the board, and Ms. Pingting Wang, the controlling shareholder, for the continued growth and operation of our Company because of their experience in the industry and their personal and business contacts in the PRC. Although we have no reason to believe that Mr. Shuguang Chang and Ms. Pingting Wang will discontinue their services with us or Aokai Fa, the interruption or loss of their services would adversely affect our ability to effectively run our business and pursue our business strategy as well as our results of operations. Besides, our success depends on the continuous devotion of our directors and senior managements, and they are well experienced and have deep understanding as to our business and operation. The loss of these officers could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition, and results of operations. We do not carry key man life insurance for any of our key personnel nor do we foresee purchasing such insurance to protect against a loss of key personnel.

We incur significantly increased costs as a result of operating as a public company, and our management has no prior experience in managing and operating a public company and required to devote substantial time to compliance initiatives and reporting requirements associated therewith.

As a public company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. We are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, which requires, among other things, that we file with the SEC annual, quarterly and current reports with respect to our business and financial condition. In addition, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and related SEC and Nasdaq rules impose significant requirements on public companies, including requiring establishment and maintenance of effective disclosure and financial controls and changes in corporate governance practices. Further, in July 2010, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, or the Dodd-Frank Act, was enacted. There are significant corporate governance and executive compensation-related provisions in the Dodd-Frank Act that require the SEC to adopt additional rules and regulations in these areas such as “say on pay” and proxy access. Recent legislation permits emerging growth companies to implement many of these requirements over a longer period and up to five years from the pricing of our IPO. We intend to take advantage of this new legislation, but cannot guarantee that we will not be required to implement these requirements sooner than budgeted or planned and thereby incur unexpected expenses. Stockholder activism, the current political environment and the current high level of government intervention and regulatory reform may lead to substantial new regulations and disclosure obligations, which may lead to additional compliance costs and impact the manner in which we operate our business in ways we cannot currently anticipate.

Our current management has no experience managing and operating a public company and relies in many instances on the professional experience and advice of third parties, including our attorneys and accountants. Most of our middle and top management staff were not educated and trained in the United States or other Western countries, and as such have limited experience in the US capital markets. We may have difficulty hiring new employees in the PRC with such training. As a result, we may experience difficulty in establishing management, legal and financial controls and collecting financial data and preparing financial statements that meet US standards. We may also experience difficulties in implementing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as required under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended. This may result in significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in our internal controls, which could impact the reliability of our financial statements and prevent us from complying with the rules and regulations of the SEC.

In addition, the rules and regulations applicable to public companies have substantially increased our legal and financial compliance costs and have made some activities more time-consuming and costly. If these requirements divert the attention of our management and personnel from other business concerns, they could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, stock price and prospects. The increased costs will decrease our net income or increase our net loss and may require us to reduce costs in other areas of our business. For example, these rules and regulations have made it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance and we may be required to incur substantial costs to maintain the same or similar coverage. The impact of these requirements could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our board of directors, our board committees or as executive officers.

We may be unable to effectively manage our rapid growth, which could place significant strain on our management personnel, systems and resources. We may not be able to achieve anticipated growth, which could materially and adversely affect our business and prospects.

Our rapid growth places a significant strain on our management, systems and resources. To accommodate our growth, we will need to implement a variety of new operational and financial systems and new procedures and controls, including the improvement of our accounting and other internal management systems, all of which require substantial management efforts. We also will need to continue to expand, train, manage and motivate our workforce and manage our customer relationships. Moreover, as we introduce new products or enter into new markets, we may face new market, technological and operational risks and challenges with which we are unfamiliar or cannot foresee. All of these endeavors will involve risks and require substantial management efforts and skills. As a result of any of these risks associated with growth, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected. Furthermore, we may not be able to achieve anticipated growth, which could materially and adversely affect our business and prospects.

If we fail to implement and maintain an effective system of internal controls or fail to remediate the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting that have been identified, we may fail to meet our reporting obligations or be unable to accurately report our results of operations or prevent fraud, and investor confidence and the market price of our Ordinary Shares may be materially and adversely affected.

Prior to this offering, we have been a private company with limited accounting personnel and other resources with which to address our internal controls and procedures. Our independent registered public accounting firm has not conducted an audit of our internal control over financial reporting. However, in preparing our consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, we and our independent registered public accounting firm have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, as defined in the standards established by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board of the United States, or “PCAOB,” and other control deficiencies. The material weaknesses identified included (i) a lack of accounting staff and resources with appropriate knowledge of generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and SEC reporting and compliance requirements; (ii) a lack of sufficient documented financial closing policies and procedures; (iii) a lack of independent directors and an audit committee; and (iv) a lack of an effective review process by the accounting manager and management.  Following the identification of the material weaknesses and control deficiencies, we plan to continue to take remedial measures including (i) hiring more qualified accounting personnel with relevant U.S. GAAP and SEC reporting experience and qualifications to strengthen the financial reporting function and to set up a financial and system control framework; (ii) implementing regular and continuous U.S. GAAP accounting and financial reporting training programs for our accounting and financial reporting personnel; (iii) setting up an internal audit function as well as engaging an external consulting firm to assist us with assessment of Sarbanes-Oxley compliance requirements and improvement of overall internal control; and (iv) appointing independent directors, establishing an audit committee, and strengthening corporate governance. However, the implementation of these measures may not fully address the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. Our failure to correct the material weaknesses or our failure to discover and address any other material weaknesses or control deficiencies could result in inaccuracies in our financial statements and could also impair our ability to comply with applicable financial reporting requirements and related regulatory filings on a timely basis. As a result, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects, as well as the trading price of our Ordinary Shares, may be materially and adversely affected. Moreover, ineffective internal control over financial reporting significantly hinders our ability to prevent fraud.

Upon completion of this offering, we will become a public company in the United States subjecting to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 will require that we include a report of management on our internal control over financial reporting in our annual report on Form 20-F beginning with our annual report for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2021.   In addition, once we cease to be an “emerging growth company,” as such term is defined in the JOBS Act, our independent registered public accounting firm may need to attest to and report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. However, while we remain an emerging growth company, we will not be required to include an attestation report on internal control over financial reporting issued by our independent registered public accounting firm in our annual filings with the SEC. Our management may conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is not effective. Moreover, even if our management concludes that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, our independent registered public accounting firm, after conducting its own independent testing, may issue a report that is qualified if it is not satisfied with our internal controls or the level at which our controls are documented, designed, operated, or reviewed, or if it interprets the relevant requirements differently from us.

Any failure to protect our trademarks and other intellectual property rights could have a negative impact on our business.

We believe our trademarks and other intellectual property rights are important to our success. Any unauthorized use of our intellectual property rights could harm our competitive advantages and business. Historically, China has not protected intellectual property rights to the same extent as the United States or the Cayman Islands, and infringement of intellectual property rights continues to pose a serious risk of doing business in China. Monitoring and preventing unauthorized use are difficult. The measures we take to protect our intellectual property rights may not be adequate. Furthermore, the application of laws governing intellectual property rights in China and abroad is uncertain and evolving and could involve substantial risks to us. If we are unable to adequately protect our brand and trademarks, we may lose these rights and our business may suffer materially.

The proposed tariffs by the U.S. government and the potential of a trade war between the U.S. and China, and on a larger scale, internationally, may dampen global growth. If the U.S. government or the Chinese government, in the future, imposes tariffs or takes other actions that cause global economic turmoil, our business operations and revenues may be negatively impacted.

The U.S. government has recently proposed, among other actions, imposing new or higher tariffs on specified products imported from China to penalize China for what it characterizes as unfair trade practices and China has responded by proposing new or higher tariffs on specified products imported from the United States. On April 3, 2018, the Office of the United States Trade Representative published a notice of determination and request for public comment under Section 301 under the Trade Act of 1974 (the “Notice”) concerning the proposed imposition of an additional 25% tariff on specified products from China, which products comprise approximately US$50 billion in annual trade value for calendar year 2018. In response, China has proposed tariffs on a number of U.S. goods, on a much smaller scale, in the current time. Based on our analysis of the list of products set forth in the Notice, we expect that the proposed tariffs will not have a material direct impact on our business operations, as currently, we are based in the PRC, and deliver services to customers exclusively located within the PRC market. The proposed tariffs, however, may cause the depreciation of the RMB currency and a contraction of certain PRC industries that will likely be affected by the proposed tariffs. As such, there may be potential decrease in the spending powers of health and wellness and tourism services clients, which in turn, may lead to a contraction of the PRC health and wellness and tourism services market. As such, we may have access to fewer business opportunities and our operation may be negatively impacted. In addition, future actions or escalations by either the United States or China that affect trade relations may cause global economic turmoil and potentially have a negative impact on our business and we cannot provide any assurances as to whether such actions will occur or the form that they may take.

Risks Related to Doing Business in the PRC

If we become directly subject to the scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity involving U.S.-listed Chinese companies, we may have to expend significant resources to investigate and resolve the matter which could harm our business operations, stock price, and reputation.

U.S. public companies that have substantially all of their operations in China have been the subject of intense scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators, and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity has centered on financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, a lack of effective internal controls over financial accounting, inadequate corporate governance policies or a lack of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud.

As a result of these scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity, the publicly traded stock of many U.S. listed Chinese companies sharply decreased in value and, in some cases, has become virtually worthless. Many of these companies are now subject to shareholder lawsuits and SEC enforcement actions and are conducting internal and external investigations into the allegations. It is not clear what effect this sector-wide scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity will have on us, our business, and our stock price. If we become the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we will have to expend significant resources to investigate such allegations and/or defend our company. This situation will be costly and time consuming and distract our management from developing our business. If such allegations are not proven to be groundless, we and our business operations will be severely affected and you could sustain a significant decline in the value of our stock.

Furthermore, the lack of access to the PCAOB inspection in China prevents the PCAOB from fully evaluating audits and quality control procedures of the auditors based in China. As a result, investors may be deprived of the benefits of such PCAOB inspections. The inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections of auditors in China makes it more difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of these accounting firm’s audit procedures or quality control procedures as compared to auditors outside of China that are subject to the PCAOB inspections, which could cause investors and potential investors in our Ordinary Shares to lose confidence in our audit procedures and reported financial information and the quality of our financial statements.

Our auditor, the independent registered public accounting firm that issues the audit report included elsewhere in this prospectus, as an auditor of companies that are traded publicly in the United States and a firm registered with the PCAOB, is subject to laws in the United States pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess its compliance with the applicable professional standards. Our auditor is headquartered in Manhattan, New York, and has been inspected by the PCAOB on a regular basis. However, the recent developments would add uncertainties to our offering and we cannot assure you whether the national securities exchange we apply to for listing or regulatory authorities would apply additional and more stringent criteria to us after considering the effectiveness of our auditor’s audit procedures and quality control procedures, adequacy of personnel and training, or sufficiency of resources, geographic reach, or experience as it relates to our audit.

Changes in China’s economic, political, or social conditions could have a material adverse effect on our business and operations.

Substantially all of our assets and operations are currently located in China. Accordingly, our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects may be influenced to a significant degree by political, economic, and social conditions in China generally. The Chinese economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including the level of government involvement, level of development, growth rate, control of foreign exchange, and allocation of resources. Although the Chinese government has implemented measures emphasizing the utilization of market forces for economic reform, including the reduction of state ownership of productive assets and the establishment of improved corporate governance in business enterprises, a substantial portion of productive assets in China is still owned by the government. In addition, the Chinese government continues to play a significant role in regulating industry development by imposing industrial policies. The Chinese government also exercises significant control over China’s economic growth by allocating resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy, and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies.

While the Chinese economy has experienced significant growth over the past decades, growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy. Any adverse changes in economic conditions in China, in the policies of the Chinese government, or in the laws and regulations in China could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China. Such developments could adversely affect our business and operating results, reduce demand for our services, and weaken our competitive position. The Chinese government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources. Some of these measures may benefit the overall Chinese economy, but may have a negative effect on us. For example, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations. In addition, in the past the Chinese government has implemented certain measures, including interest rate adjustments, to control the pace of economic growth. These measures may cause decreased economic activities in China, which may adversely affect our business and operating results.

Uncertainties in the interpretation and enforcement of PRC laws and regulations could limit the legal protection available to you and us.

The PRC legal system is based on written statutes. Unlike common law systems, it is a system in which legal cases have limited value as precedents. In the late 1970s, the PRC government began to promulgate a comprehensive system of laws and regulations governing economic matters in general. The legislation over the past three decades has significantly increased the protection afforded to various forms of foreign or private-sector investment in China. Our PRC subsidiaries are subject to various PRC laws and regulations generally applicable to companies in China. Since these laws and regulations are relatively new and the PRC legal system continues to rapidly evolve, however, the interpretations of many laws, regulations, and rules are not always uniform and enforcement of these laws, regulations, and rules involve uncertainties.

From time to time, we may have to resort to administrative and court proceedings to enforce our legal rights. Since PRC administrative and court authorities have significant discretion in interpreting and implementing statutory and contractual terms, however, it may be more difficult to evaluate the outcome of administrative and court proceedings and the level of legal protection we enjoy in the PRC legal system than in more developed legal systems. Furthermore, the PRC legal system is based in part on government policies and internal rules (some of which are not published in a timely manner or at all) that may have retroactive effect. As a result, we may not be aware of our violation of these policies and rules until sometime after the violation. Such uncertainties, including uncertainties over the scope and effect of our contractual, property (including intellectual property) and procedural rights, and any failure to respond to changes in the regulatory environment in China could materially and adversely affect our business and impede our ability to continue our operations.

You may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments, or bringing actions in China against us or our management named in the prospectus based on foreign laws.

We are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands, and we conduct substantially all of our operations in China and substantially all of our assets are located in China. In addition, all our senior executive officers reside within China for a significant portion of the time and most are PRC nationals. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process upon us or those persons inside mainland China. It may also be difficult for you to enforce in U.S. courts judgments obtained in U.S. courts based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our officers and directors, as none of them currently resides in the United States or has substantial assets located in the United States. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the Cayman Islands or the PRC would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts against us or such persons predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state.

The recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments are provided for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law. PRC courts may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRC Civil Procedures Law based either on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on principles of reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have any treaties or other forms of written arrangement with the United States that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. In addition, according to the PRC Civil Procedures Law, the PRC courts will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violates the basic principles of PRC laws or national sovereignty, security, or public interest. As a result, it is uncertain whether and on what basis a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by a court in the United States. See “Enforceability of Civil Liabilities.”

Increases in labor costs in the PRC may adversely affect our business and our profitability.

China’s economy has experienced increases in labor costs in recent years. China’s overall economy and the average wage in China are expected to continue to grow. The average wage level for our employees has also increased in recent years. We expect that our labor costs, including wages and employee benefits, will continue to increase. Unless we are able to pass on these increased labor costs to our customers by increasing prices for our products or services, our profitability and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

In addition, we have been subject to stricter regulatory requirements in terms of entering into labor contracts with our employees and paying various statutory employee benefits, including pensions, housing fund, medical insurance, work-related injury insurance, unemployment insurance, and maternity insurance to designated government agencies for the benefit of our employees. Pursuant to the PRC Labor Contract Law, or the “Labor Contract Law,” that became effective in January 2008 and its amendments that became effective in July 2013 and its implementing rules that became effective in September 2008, employers are subject to stricter requirements in terms of signing labor contracts, minimum wages, paying remuneration, determining the term of employees’ probation, and unilaterally terminating labor contracts. In the event that we decide to terminate some of our employees or otherwise change our employment or labor practices, the Labor Contract Law and its implementation rules may limit our ability to effect those changes in a desirable or cost-effective manner, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

As the interpretation and implementation of labor-related laws and regulations are still evolving, we cannot assure you that our employment practice does not and will not violate labor-related laws and regulations in China, which may subject us to labor disputes or government investigations. If we are deemed to have violated relevant labor laws and regulations, we could be required to provide additional compensation to our employees and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Our PRC subsidiaries have not made adequate social insurance and housing fund contributions for all employees as required by PRC regulations, which may subject us to penalties.

According to the PRC Social Insurance Law and the Administrative Regulations on the Housing Funds, companies operating in China are required to participate in pension insurance, work-related injury insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, maternity insurance (collectively known as “social insurance”), and housing funds plans, and the employers must pay all or a portion of the social insurance premiums and housing funds for their employees. For more details, please see “Regulation—Regulations Related to Employment and Social Welfare—Social Insurance and Housing Fund.” The requirement of social insurance and housing fund has not been implemented consistently by the local governments in China given the different levels of economic development in different locations. Our PRC subsidiaries have not made adequate social insurance and housing fund contributions for all employees. We may be required to make up the social insurance contributions as well as to pay late fees at the rate of 0.05% per day of the outstanding amount from the due date. If we fail to make up for the shortfalls within the prescribed time limit, the relevant administrative authorities will impose a fine of one to three times the outstanding amount upon us. With respect to housing fund plans, we may be required to pay and deposit housing funds in full and on time within the prescribed time limit. If we fail to do so, relevant authorities could file applications to competent courts for compulsory enforcement of payment and deposit. Accordingly, if the relevant PRC authorities determine that we shall make supplemental social insurance and housing fund contributions or that we are subject to fines and legal sanctions in relation to our failure to make social insurance and housing fund contributions in full for our employees, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be adversely affected.

Our business may be materially and adversely affected if any of our PRC subsidiaries declare bankruptcy or become subject to a dissolution or liquidation proceeding.

The PRC Enterprise Bankruptcy Law provides that an enterprise may be liquidated if the enterprise fails to settle its debts as and when they fall due and if the enterprise’s assets are, or are demonstrably, insufficient to clear such debts.

Our PRC subsidiaries hold certain assets that are important to our business operations. If any of our PRC subsidiaries undergo a voluntary or involuntary liquidation proceeding, unrelated third-party creditors may claim rights to some or all of these assets, thereby hindering our ability to operate our business, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

PRC regulations relating to offshore investment activities by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiaries to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits to us, or may otherwise adversely affect us.

On July 4, 2014, State Administration of Foreign Exchange (“SAFE”) issued the Circular on Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control over the Overseas Investment and Financing and Round-trip Investment by Domestic Residents via Special Purpose Vehicles, or “SAFE Circular 37.” According to SAFE Circular 37, prior registration with the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents, (including PRC individuals and PRC corporate entities as well as foreign individuals that are deemed as PRC residents for foreign exchange administration purpose), in connection with their direct or indirect contribution of domestic assets or interests to offshore companies, known as SPVs. SAFE Circular 37 further requires amendments to the SAFE registrations in the event of any changes with respect to the basic information of the offshore SPV, such as change of a PRC individual shareholder, name and operation term, or any significant changes with respect to the offshore SPV, such as an increase or decrease of capital contribution, share transfer or exchange, or mergers or divisions. SAFE Circular 37 is applicable to our shareholders who are PRC residents and may be applicable to any offshore acquisitions that we make in the future. In February 2015, SAFE promulgated a Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving Foreign Exchange Administration Policy on Direct Investment, or “SAFE Notice 13,” effective in June 2015. Under SAFE Notice 13, applications for foreign exchange registration of inbound foreign direct investments and outbound overseas direct investments, including those required under SAFE Circular 37, will be filed with qualified banks instead of SAFE. The qualified banks will directly examine the applications and accept registrations under the supervision of SAFE.

In addition to SAFE Circular 37 and SAFE Notice 13, our ability to conduct foreign exchange activities in China may be subject to the interpretation and enforcement of the Implementation Rules of the Administrative Measures for Individual Foreign Exchange promulgated by SAFE in January 2007 (as amended and supplemented, the “Individual Foreign Exchange Rules”). Under the Individual Foreign Exchange Rules, any PRC individual seeking to make a direct investment overseas or engage in the issuance or trading of negotiable securities or derivatives overseas must make the appropriate registrations in accordance with SAFE provisions, the failure of which may subject such PRC individual to warnings, fines, or other liabilities.

Our current shareholders, who are subject to the SAFE Circular 37 and Individual Foreign Exchange Rules, have completed the initial registrations with the qualified banks as required by the regulations. We may not be informed of the identities of all the PRC residents holding direct or indirect interest in our company, however, and we have no control over any of our future beneficial owners. Thus, we cannot provide any assurance that our current or future PRC resident beneficial owners will comply with our request to make or obtain any applicable registrations or continuously comply with all registration procedures set forth in these SAFE regulations. Such failure or inability of our PRC residents beneficial owners to comply with these SAFE regulations may subject us or our PRC resident beneficial owners to fines and legal sanctions, restrict our cross-border investment activities, or limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to, or obtain foreign-exchange-dominated loans from, our company, or prevent us from being able to make distributions or pay dividends, as a result of which our business operations and our ability to distribute profits to you could be materially and adversely affected.

PRC regulation of parent/subsidiary loans and direct investment by offshore holding companies to PRC entities may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of this offering to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC operating subsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.

Under PRC laws and regulations, we are permitted to utilize the proceeds from this offering to fund our PRC subsidiaries by making loans to or additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries, subject to applicable government registration, statutory limitations on amount, and approval requirements. The amount of capital contributions that we may make to Zhongruiyuan is RMB10,000,000 (approximately $1,453,319), without obtaining approvals from SAFE or other government authorities. Additionally, Zhongruiyuan may increase its registered capital to receive additional capital contributions from us and currently there is no statutory limit to increasing its registered capital, subject to satisfaction of applicable government and filing requirements. Pursuant to relevant PRC regulations, we may provide loans to Zhongruiyuan up to the larger amount of (i) the balance between the registered total investment amount and registered capital of Zhongruiyuan, or (ii) twice the amount of the net assets of Zhongruiyuan calculated in accordance with PBOC Circular 9, subject to satisfaction of applicable government registration or approval requirements. For any amount of loans that we may extend to Zhongruiyuan, such loans must be registered with the local counterpart of SAFE. For more details, see “Regulation—Regulations Relating to Foreign Debt.” These PRC laws and regulations may significantly limit our ability to use the RMB converted from the net proceeds of this offering to fund the establishment of new entities in China by our PRC subsidiaries or to invest in or acquire any other PRC companies through our PRC subsidiaries. Moreover, we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete the necessary registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, with respect to future loans to our PRC subsidiaries or future capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiaries. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain such approvals, our ability to use the proceeds we received or expect to receive from our offshore offerings and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operations may be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our business, including our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.

Fluctuations in exchange rates could have a material and adverse effect on our results of operations and the value of your investment.

The value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economic conditions in China and by China’s foreign exchange policies. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decade-old policy of pegging the value of the RMB to the U.S. dollar, and the RMB appreciated more than 20% against the U.S. dollar over the following three years. Between July 2008 and June 2010, this appreciation halted and the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar remained within a narrow band. Since June 2010, the RMB has fluctuated against the U.S. dollar, at times significantly and unpredictably. It is difficult to predict how market forces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the RMB and the U.S. dollar in the future. Currently, we do not sell any products in currencies other than the RMB, but we will be subject to exchange rate risk between U.S. dollar and the RMB as we may expand our businesses into other countries in the near future. As a result, the fluctuations in exchange rates would have a negative effect on our business and results of operations and financial condition.

Our business is conducted in the PRC, our books and records are maintained in RMB, which is the currency of the PRC, and the financial statements that we file with the SEC and provide to our shareholders are presented in United States dollars. Changes in the exchange rate between the RMB and dollar affect the value of our assets and the results of our operations, when presented in United States dollars. The value of the RMB against the United States dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in the PRC’s political and economic conditions and perceived changes in the economy of the PRC and the United States. Any significant revaluation of the RMB may materially and adversely affect our cash flows, revenue and financial condition. Further, our Ordinary Shares offered by this prospectus are offered in United States dollars, we will need to convert the net proceeds we receive into RMB in order to use the funds for our business. Changes in the conversion rate between the United States dollar and the RMB will affect the amount of proceeds we will have available for our business.

Very limited hedging options are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to foreign currency exchange risk. While we may decide to enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these hedges may be limited and we may not be able to adequately hedge our exposure or at all. In addition, our currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrict our ability to convert RMB into foreign currency. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on your investment.

Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, we may be classified as a PRC “resident enterprise” for PRC enterprise income tax purposes. Such classification would likely result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC shareholders and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and the value of your investment.

Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the “EIT Law,” that became effective in January 2008, an enterprise established outside the PRC with “de facto management bodies” within the PRC is considered a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterprise income tax purposes and is generally subject to a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate on its worldwide income. Under the implementation rules to the EIT Law, a “de facto management body” is defined as a body that has material and overall management and control over the manufacturing and business operations, personnel and human resources, finances, and properties of an enterprise. In addition, a circular, known as SAT Circular 82, issued in April 2009 by the State Administration of Taxation, or the “SAT,” specifies that certain offshore incorporated enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises or PRC enterprise groups will be classified as PRC resident enterprises if the following are located or resident in the PRC: senior management personnel and departments that are responsible for daily production, operation and management; financial and personnel decision making bodies; key properties, accounting books, company seal, and minutes of board meetings and shareholders’ meetings; and half or more of the senior management or directors having voting rights. Further to SAT Circular 82, the SAT issued a bulletin, known as SAT Bulletin 45, which took effect in September 2011, to provide more guidance on the implementation of SAT Circular 82 and clarify the reporting and filing obligations of such “Chinese-controlled offshore incorporated resident enterprises.” SAT Bulletin 45 provides procedures and administrative details for the determination of resident status and administration on post-determination matters. Although both SAT Circular 82 and SAT Bulletin 45 only apply to offshore enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises or PRC enterprise groups, not those controlled by PRC individuals or foreign individuals, the determining criteria set forth in SAT Circular 82 and SAT Bulletin 45 may reflect the SAT’s general position on how the “de facto management body” test should be applied in determining the tax resident status of offshore enterprises, regardless of whether they are controlled by PRC enterprises, PRC enterprise groups, or by PRC or foreign individuals.

If the PRC tax authorities determine that the actual management organ of Huake is within the territory of China, Huake may be deemed to be a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes and a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we will be subject to the uniform 25% enterprise income tax on our world-wide income, which could materially reduce our net income. In addition, we will also be subject to PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. Finally, dividends payable by us to our investors and gains on the sale of our shares may become subject to PRC withholding tax, at a rate of 10% in the case of non-PRC enterprises or 20% in the case of non-PRC individuals (in each case, subject to the provisions of any applicable tax treaty), if such gains are deemed to be from PRC sources. It is unclear whether non-PRC shareholders of our company would be able to claim the benefits of any tax treaties between their country of tax residence and the PRC in the event that we are treated as a PRC resident enterprise. Any such tax may reduce the returns on your investment in our shares. Although up to the date of this prospectus, Aokai Fa has not been notified or informed by the PRC tax authorities that it has been deemed to be a resident enterprise for the purpose of the EIT Law, we cannot assure you that it will not be deemed to be a resident enterprise in the future.

We face uncertainty with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises by their non-PRC holding companies.

In February 2015, SAT issued a Public Notice Regarding Certain Corporate Income Tax Matters on Indirect Transfer of Properties by Non-Tax Resident Enterprises, or “SAT Circular 7.” SAT Circular 7 provides comprehensive guidelines relating to indirect transfers of PRC taxable assets (including equity interests and real properties of a PRC resident enterprise) by a non-resident enterprise. In addition, in October 2017, SAT issued an Announcement on Issues Relating to Withholding at Source of Income Tax of Non-resident Enterprises, or “SAT Circular 37,” effective in December 2017, which, among others, amended certain provisions in SAT Circular 7 and further clarify the tax payable declaration obligation by non-resident enterprise. Indirect transfer of equity interest and/or real properties in a PRC resident enterprise by their non-PRC holding companies are subject to SAT Circular 7 and SAT Circular 37.

SAT Circular 7 provides clear criteria for an assessment of reasonable commercial purposes and has introduced safe harbors for internal group restructurings and the purchase and sale of equity through a public securities market. As stipulated in SAT Circular 7, indirect transfers of PRC taxable assets are considered as reasonable commercial purposes if the shareholding structure of both transaction parties falls within the following situations: i) the transferor directly or indirectly owns 80% or above equity interest of the transferee, or vice versa; ii) the transferor and the transferee are both 80% or above directly or indirectly owned by the same party; iii) the percentage in bullet point i) and ii) shall be 100% if over 50% the share value of a foreign enterprise is directly or indirectly derived from PRC real properties. Furthermore, SAT Circular 7 also brings challenges to both foreign transferor and transferee (or other person who is obligated to pay for the transfer) of taxable assets. Where a non-resident enterprise transfers PRC taxable assets indirectly by disposing of the equity interests of an overseas holding company, which is an indirect transfer, the non-resident enterprise as either transferor or transferee, or the PRC entity that directly owns the taxable assets, may report such indirect transfer to the relevant tax authority and the PRC tax authority may disregard the existence of the overseas holding company if it lacks a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose of reducing, avoiding, or deferring PRC tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax, and the transferee or other person who is obligated to pay for the transfer is obligated to withhold the applicable taxes, currently at a rate of 10% for the transfer of equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise.

According to SAT Circular 37, where the non-resident enterprise fails to declare the tax payable pursuant to Article 39 of the Enterprise Income Tax, the tax authority may order it to pay the tax due within required time limits, and the non-resident enterprise shall declare and pay the tax payable within such time limits specified by the tax authority. If the non-resident enterprise, however, voluntarily declares and pays the tax payable before the tax authority orders it to do so within required time limits, it shall be deemed that such enterprise has paid the tax in time.

We face uncertainties as to the reporting and assessment of reasonable commercial purposes and future transactions where PRC taxable assets are involved, such as offshore restructuring, sale of the shares in our offshore subsidiaries, and investments. In the event of being assessed as having no reasonable commercial purposes in an indirect transfer transaction, our company may be subject to filing obligations or taxed if our company is a transferor in such transactions, and may be subject to withholding obligations (to be specific, a 10% withholding tax for the transfer of equity interests) if our company is a transferee in such transactions, under SAT Circular 7 and SAT Circular 37. For transfer of shares in our company by investors who are non-PRC resident enterprises, our PRC subsidiaries may be requested to assist in the filing under the SAT circulars. As a result, we may be required to expend valuable resources to comply with the SAT circulars or to request the relevant transferors from whom we purchase taxable assets to comply with these circulars, or to establish that our company should not be taxed under these circulars, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Moreover, our reorganization involves transfer of real properties, which subjects us to stricter requirements under SAT Circular 7, and we may face additional tax reporting obligations or tax liabilities if the tax authorities define this transfer as lacking reasonable commercial purpose, which may lead to material adverse effects on our financial condition and the outcomes of our business operations.

Our PRC subsidiaries are subject to restrictions on paying dividends or making other payments to us, which may have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business.

We are an exempted company incorporated with limited liability in the Cayman Islands. We may need dividends and other distributions on equity from our PRC subsidiaries to satisfy our liquidity requirements. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, our PRC subsidiaries are required to set aside at least 10% of their respective accumulated profits each year, if any, to fund certain reserve funds until the total amount set aside reaches 50% of their respective registered capital. Our PRC subsidiaries may also allocate a portion of their respective after-tax profits based on PRC accounting standards to employee welfare and bonus funds at their discretion. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. These limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other distributions to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments, or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends, or otherwise fund and conduct our business.

Restrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to receive and use financing in foreign currencies, including proceeds from this offering, effectively.

Our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to obtain foreign exchange is subject to significant foreign exchange controls and, in the case of transactions under the capital account, requires the approval of and/or registration with PRC government authorities, including the Chinese State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE. In particular, if we finance our PRC subsidiaries by means of foreign debt from us or other foreign lenders, the amount is not allowed to, among other things, exceed the statutory limits and such loans must be registered with the local counterpart of the SAFE. If we finance our PRC subsidiaries by means of additional capital contributions, the amount of these capital contributions must first be registered or filed by the relevant government authority.

In the light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations, filings or obtain the necessary government approvals on timely basis, if at all, with respect to future loans or capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiaries. If we fail to complete such registrations, filings, or obtain such approval, our ability to use the proceeds we receive from this offering and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operation may be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.

There are significant uncertainties under the EIT Law relating to the withholding tax liabilities of our PRC subsidiaries, and dividends payable by our PRC subsidiaries to our offshore subsidiaries may not qualify to enjoy certain treaty benefits.

Under the PRC EIT Law and its implementation rules, the profits of a foreign invested enterprise generated through operations, which are distributed to its immediate holding company outside the PRC, will be subject to a withholding tax rate of 10%. Pursuant to the Arrangement between the Mainland China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Tax Evasion on Income, or the “Double Tax Avoidance Arrangement,” a withholding tax rate of 10% may be lowered to 5% if the PRC enterprise is at least 25% held by a Hong Kong enterprise for at least 12 consecutive months prior to distribution of the dividends and is determined by the relevant PRC tax authority to have satisfied other conditions and requirements under the Double Tax Avoidance Arrangement and other applicable PRC laws.

However, based on the Circular on Certain Issues with Respect to the Enforcement of Dividend Provisions in Tax Treaties, or the “SAT Circular 81,” which became effective on February 20, 2009, if the relevant PRC tax authorities determine, in their discretion, that a company benefits from such reduced income tax rate due to a structure or arrangement that is primarily tax-driven, such PRC tax authorities may adjust the preferential tax treatment. According to Circular on Several Issues regarding the “Beneficial Owner” in Tax Treaties, which became effective as of April 1, 2018, when determining an applicant’s status as the “beneficial owner” regarding tax treatments in connection with dividends, interests, or royalties in the tax treaties, several factors will be taken into account. Such factors include whether the business operated by the applicant constitutes actual business activities, and whether the counterparty country or region to the tax treaties does not levy any tax, grant tax exemption on relevant incomes, or levy tax at an extremely low rate. This circular further requires any applicant who intends to be proved of being the “beneficial owner” to file relevant documents with the relevant tax authorities. Our PRC subsidiaries are wholly owned by our Hong Kong subsidiary. However, we cannot assure you that our determination regarding our qualification to enjoy the preferential tax treatment will not be challenged by the relevant PRC tax authority or we will be able to complete the necessary filings with the relevant PRC tax authority and enjoy the preferential withholding tax rate of 5% under the Double Tax Avoidance Arrangement with respect to dividends to be paid by our PRC subsidiaries to our Hong Kong subsidiary, in which case, we would be subject to the higher withdrawing tax rate of 10% on dividends received.

The disclosures in our reports and other filings with the SEC and our other public pronouncements are not subject to the scrutiny of any regulatory bodies in the PRC.

We are regulated by the SEC and our reports and other filings with the SEC are subject to SEC review in accordance with the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act. Our SEC reports and other disclosure and public pronouncements are not subject to the review or scrutiny of any PRC regulatory authority. For example, the disclosure in our SEC reports and other filings are not subject to the review by China Securities Regulatory Commission, a PRC regulator that is responsible for oversight of the capital markets in China. Accordingly, you should review our SEC reports, filings and our other public pronouncements with the understanding that no local regulator has done any review of us, our SEC reports, other filings or any of our other public pronouncements.

The approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission may be required in connection with this offering under a regulation adopted in August 2006, and, if required, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain such approval, in which case we may face sanctions by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies for failure to seek the CSRC approval for this offering.

The Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, or the “M&A Rules,” adopted by six PRC regulatory agencies in 2006 and amended in 2009, requires an overseas special purpose vehicle formed for listing purposes through acquisitions of PRC domestic companies and controlled by PRC companies or individuals to obtain the approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or the “CSRC,” prior to the listing and trading of such special purpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. In September 2006, the CSRC published a notice on its official website specifying documents and materials required to be submitted to it by a special purpose vehicle seeking the CSRC approval of its overseas listings. The application of the M&A Rules remains unclear.

Our PRC counsel, Beijing Docvit Law Firm (“Docvit”), has advised us based on their understanding of the current PRC law, rules, and regulations that the CSRC’s approval is not required for the listing and trading of our shares on the Nasdaq in the context of this offering, given that:

Our PRC legal counsel, however, has further advised us that there remains some uncertainty as to how the M&A Rules will be interpreted or implemented in the context of an overseas offering and its opinions summarized above are subject to any new laws, rules and regulations or detailed implementations and interpretations in any form relating to the M&A Rules. We cannot assure you that relevant PRC governmental agencies, including the CSRC, would reach the same conclusion as we do. If it is determined that the CSRC approval is required for this offering, we may face sanctions by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies for failure to seek the CSRC approval for this offering. These sanctions may include fines and penalties on our operations in the PRC, limitations on our operating privileges in the PRC, delays in or restrictions on the repatriation of the proceeds from this offering into the PRC, restrictions on or prohibition of the payments or remittance of dividends by our China subsidiary, or other actions that could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation, and prospects, as well as the trading price of our Ordinary Shares. The CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies may also take actions requiring us, or making it advisable for us, to halt this offering before the settlement and delivery of the Shares that we are offering. Consequently, if you engage in market trading or other activities in anticipation of and prior to the settlement and delivery of the shares we are offering, you would be doing so at the risk that the settlement and delivery may not occur.

The M&A Rules and certain other PRC regulations establish complex procedures for some acquisitions of Chinese companies by foreign investors, which could make it more difficult for us to pursue growth through acquisitions in China.

The M&A Rules discussed in the preceding risk factor and recently adopted regulations and rules concerning mergers and acquisitions established additional procedures and requirements that could make merger and acquisition activities by foreign investors more time consuming and complex. For example, the M&A Rules require that the Ministry of Commerce be notified in advance of any change-of-control transaction in which a foreign investor takes control of a PRC domestic enterprise, if (i) any important industry is concerned, (ii) such transaction involves factors that have or may have impact on the national economic security, or (iii) such transaction will lead to a change in control of a domestic enterprise which holds a famous trademark or PRC time-honored brand. Mergers or acquisitions that allow one market player to take control of or to exert decisive impact on another market player must also be notified in advance to the Ministry of Commerce when the threshold under the Provisions on Thresholds for Prior Notification of Concentrations of Undertakings, or the “Prior Notification Rules,” issued by the State Council in August 2008 is triggered. In addition, the security review rules issued by the Ministry of Commerce that became effective in September 2011 specify that mergers and acquisitions by foreign investors that raise “national defense and security” concerns and mergers and acquisitions through which foreign investors may acquire de facto control over domestic enterprises that raise “national security” concerns are subject to strict review by the Ministry of Commerce, and the rules prohibit any activities attempting to bypass a security review, including by structuring the transaction through a proxy or contractual control arrangement. In the future, we may grow our business by acquiring complementary businesses. Complying with the requirements of the above-mentioned regulations and other relevant rules to complete such transactions could be time consuming, and any required approval processes, including obtaining approval from the Ministry of Commerce or its local counterparts may delay or inhibit our ability to complete such transactions. It is clear that our business would not be deemed to be in an industry that raises “national defense and security” or “national security” concerns. The Ministry of Commerce or other government agencies, however, may publish explanations in the future determining that our business is in an industry subject to the security review, in which case our future acquisitions in the PRC, including those by way of entering into contractual control arrangements with target entities, may be closely scrutinized or prohibited. Our ability to expand our business or maintain or expand our market share through future acquisitions would as such be materially and adversely affected.

We are subject to anti-corruption, anti-bribery, and similar laws, and noncompliance with such laws can subject us to criminal penalties or significant fines and harm our business and reputation.

We are subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, and other anti-corruption, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering, and similar laws in China and the United States. Anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws, which have been enforced aggressively and are interpreted broadly, prohibit companies and their employees and agents from promising, authorizing, making, or offering improper payments or other benefits to government officials and others in the public sector. We leverage our business partners, including channel partners, to sell our products and solutions and host many of our facilities for our network. We may also rely on our business partners to conduct our business abroad. We and our business partners may have direct or indirect interactions with officials and employees of government agencies or state-owned or affiliated entities and we may be held liable for the corrupt or other illegal activities of our business partners and intermediaries, our employees, representatives, contractors, channel partners and agents, even if we do not explicitly authorize such activities.

We cannot assure you that all of our employees and agents have complied with, or in the future will comply with, our policies and applicable law. The investigation of possible violations of these laws, including internal investigations and compliance reviews that we may conduct from time to time, could have a material adverse effect on our business. Noncompliance with these laws could subject us to investigations, severe criminal or civil sanctions, settlements, prosecution, loss of export privileges, suspension or debarment from Chinese government contracts and other contracts, other enforcement actions, the appointment of a monitor, disgorgement of profits, significant fines, damages, other civil and criminal penalties or injunctions, whistleblower complaints, adverse media coverage and other consequences. Other internal and government investigations, regulatory proceedings, or litigation, including private litigation filed by our shareholders, may also follow as a consequence. Any investigations, actions, or sanctions could materially harm our reputation, business, results of operations, and financial condition. Further, the promulgation of new laws, rules or regulations or new interpretations of current laws, rules or regulations could impact the way we do business in other countries, including requiring us to change certain aspects of our business to ensure compliance, which could reduce revenues, increase costs, or subject us to additional liabilities.

Failure to comply with laws and regulations applicable to our business could subject us to fines and penalties and could also cause us to lose customers or otherwise harm our business.

Our business is subject to regulation by various governmental agencies in China, including agencies responsible for monitoring and enforcing compliance with various legal obligations, such as value-added telecommunication laws and regulations, privacy and data protection-related laws and regulations, intellectual property laws, employment and labor laws, workplace safety, environmental laws, consumer protection laws, governmental trade laws, import and export controls, anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws, and tax laws and regulations. In certain jurisdictions, these regulatory requirements may be more stringent than in China. These laws and regulations impose added costs on our business. Noncompliance with applicable regulations or requirements could subject us to:

If any governmental sanctions are imposed, or if we do not prevail in any possible civil or criminal litigation, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be adversely affected. In addition, responding to any action will likely result in a significant diversion of our management’s attention and resources and an increase in professional fees. Enforcement actions and sanctions could materially harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Any reviews by regulatory agencies or legislatures may result in substantial regulatory fines, changes to our business practices, and other penalties, which could negatively affect our business and results of operations. Changes in social, political, and regulatory conditions or in laws and policies governing a wide range of topics may cause us to change our business practices. Further, our expansion into a variety of new fields also could raise a number of new regulatory issues. These factors could negatively affect our business and results of operations in material ways.

Moreover, we are exposed to the risk of misconduct, errors and failure to functions by our management, employees and parties that we collaborate with, who may from time to time be subject to litigation and regulatory investigations and proceedings or otherwise face potential liability and penalties in relation to noncompliance with applicable laws and regulations, which could harm our reputation and business.

Risks Relating to this Offering and the Trading Market

There has been no public market for our Ordinary Shares prior to this offering, and you may not be able to resell our Ordinary Shares at or above the price you pay for them, or at all.

Prior to this offering, there has not been a public market for our Ordinary Shares. We plan to apply for the listing of our Ordinary Shares on the Nasdaq Capital Market. However, an active public market for our Ordinary Shares may not develop or be sustained after the offering, in which case the market price and liquidity of our Ordinary Shares will be materially and adversely affected.

The initial public offering price for our Ordinary Shares may not be indicative of prices that will prevail in the trading market and such market prices may be volatile.

The initial public offering price for our Ordinary Shares will be determined by negotiations between us and the underwriter, and does not bear any relationship to our earnings, book value or any other indicia of value. We cannot assure you that the market price of our Ordinary Shares will not decline significantly below the initial public offering price. The financial markets in the United States and other countries have experienced significant price and volume fluctuations in the last few years. Volatility in the price of our Ordinary Shares may be caused by factors outside of our control and may be unrelated or disproportionate to changes in our results of operations.

You will experience immediate and substantial dilution in the net tangible book value of Ordinary Shares purchased.

The initial public offering price of our Ordinary Shares is substantially higher than the (pro forma) net tangible book value per share of our Ordinary Shares. Consequently, when you purchase our Ordinary Shares in the offering and upon completion of the offering, you will incur immediate dilution of US$[●] per share, assuming an initial public offering price of US$[●]. See “Dilution.” In addition, you may experience further dilution to the extent that additional Ordinary Shares are issued upon exercise of outstanding options we may grant from time to time.

Substantial future sales of our Ordinary Shares or the anticipation of future sales of our Ordinary Shares in the public market could cause the price of our Ordinary Shares to decline.

Sales of substantial amounts of our Ordinary Shares in the public market after this offering, or the perception that these sales could occur, could cause the market price of our Ordinary Shares to decline. An aggregate of 20,000,000 of Ordinary Shares have been issued before the consummation of this offering and [●] of Ordinary Shares will be outstanding immediately after the consummation of this offering. Sales of these shares into the market could cause the market price of our Ordinary Shares to decline.

We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.

We currently intend to retain any future earnings to finance the operation and expansion of our business, and we do not expect to declare or pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. As a result, you may only receive a return on your investment in our Ordinary Shares if the market price of our Ordinary Shares increases.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or if the publish a negative report regarding our Ordinary Shares, the price of our Ordinary Shares and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our Ordinary Shares may depend in part on the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us or our business. We do not have any control over these analysts. If one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade us, the price of our Ordinary Shares would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which could cause the price of our Ordinary Shares and the trading volume to decline.

The market price of our Ordinary Shares may be volatile or may decline regardless of our operating performance, and you may not be able to resell your shares at or above the initial public offering price.

The initial public offering price for our Ordinary Shares will be determined through negotiations between the underwriter and us and may vary from the market price of our Ordinary Shares following our initial public offering. If you purchase our Ordinary Shares in our initial public offering, you may not be able to resell those shares at or above the initial public offering price. We cannot assure you that the initial public offering price of our Ordinary Shares, or the market price following our initial public offering, will equal or exceed prices in privately negotiated transactions of our shares that have occurred from time to time prior to our initial public offering. The market price of our Ordinary Shares may fluctuate significantly in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:

In addition, the stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of equity securities of many companies. Stock prices of many companies have fluctuated in a manner unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. In the past, stockholders have filed securities class action litigation following periods of market volatility. If we were to become involved in securities litigation, it could subject us to substantial costs, divert resources and the attention of management from our business, and adversely affect our business.

Our management has broad discretion to determine how to use the funds raised in the offering and may use them in ways that may not enhance our results of operations or the price of our Ordinary Shares.

We anticipate that we will use the net proceeds from this offering for working capital and other corporate purposes. Our management will have significant discretion as to the use of the net proceeds to us from this offering and could spend the proceeds in ways that do not improve our results of operations or enhance the market price of our Ordinary Shares.

As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to, and we will, rely on exemptions from certain Nasdaq Stock Exchange corporate governance standards applicable to domestic U.S. issuers. This may afford less protection to holders of our shares.

We are exempted from certain corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq listing rules by virtue of being a foreign private issuer. We are required to provide a brief description of the significant differences between our corporate governance practices and the corporate governance practices required to be followed by domestic U.S. companies listed on the Nasdaq. The standards applicable to us are considerably different than the standards applied to domestic U.S. issuers. For instance, we are not required to:

We have relied on and intend to continue to rely on some of these exemptions. As a result, you may not be provided with the benefits of certain corporate governance requirements of the Nasdaq.

If we cease to qualify as a foreign private issuer, we would be required to comply fully with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to U.S. domestic issuers, and we would incur significant additional legal, accounting and other expenses that we would not incur as a foreign private issuer.

We expect to qualify as a foreign private issuer upon the completion of this offering. As a foreign private issuer, we will be exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and our officers, directors and principal shareholders will be exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we will not be required under the Exchange Act to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as United States domestic issuers, and we will not be required to disclose in our periodic reports all of the information that United States domestic issuers are required to disclose. While we currently expect to qualify as a foreign private issuer immediately following the completion of this offering, we may cease to qualify as a foreign private issuer in the future.

If we cannot satisfy, or continue to satisfy, the initial listing requirements and other rules of Nasdaq Capital Market, although we exempt from certain corporate governance standards applicable to US issuers as a Foreign Private Issuer, our securities may not be listed or may be delisted, which could negatively impact the price of our securities and your ability to sell them.

We will seek to have our securities approved for listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market upon consummation of this offering. We cannot assure you that we will be able to meet those initial listing requirements at that time. Even if our securities are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, we cannot assure you that our securities will continue to be listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market.

In addition, following this offering, in order to maintain our listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market, we will be required to comply with certain rules of Nasdaq Capital Market, including those regarding minimum stockholders’ equity, minimum share price and certain corporate governance requirements. Even if we initially meet the listing requirements and other applicable rules of the Nasdaq Capital Market, we may not be able to continue to satisfy these requirements and applicable rules. If we are unable to satisfy the Nasdaq Capital Market criteria for maintaining our listing, our securities could be subject to delisting.

If the Nasdaq Capital Market does not list our securities, or subsequently delists our securities from trading, we could face significant consequences, including:

Our board of directors may decline to register transfers of Ordinary Shares in certain circumstances.

Except in connection with the settlement of trades or transactions entered into through the facilities of a stock exchange or automated quotation system on which our Ordinary Shares are listed or traded from time to time, our board of directors may, in its sole discretion, decline to register any transfer of any Ordinary Share which is not fully paid up or on which we have a lien.

Where the Ordinary Shares are not listed on or subject to the rules of Nasdaq Capital Market, our board of directors may, in its absolute discretion, decline to register any transfer of any Ordinary Share that has not been fully paid up, whom it does not approve or is subject to a company lien. Our board of directors may also decline to register any transfer of such Ordinary Share unless:

If our directors refuse to register a transfer, they are required, within two months after the date on which the instrument of transfer was lodged, to send to each of the transferor and the transferee notice of such refusal.

The registration of transfers may, on 14 days’ notice being given by advertisement in such one or more newspapers or by electronic means, be suspended and the register closed at such times and for such periods as our board of directors may from time to time determine, provided, however, that the registration of transfers shall not be suspended nor the register closed for more than 30 days in any year.

This, however, is unlikely to affect market transactions of the Ordinary Shares purchased by investors in the public offering. Once the Ordinary Shares have been listed, the legal title to such Ordinary Shares and the registration details of those Ordinary Shares in the Company’s register of members will remain with DTC/Cede & Co. All market transactions with respect to those Ordinary Shares will then be carried out without the need for any kind of registration by the directors, as the market transactions will all be conducted through the DTC systems.

The laws of the Cayman Islands may not provide our shareholders with benefits comparable to those provided to shareholders of corporations incorporated in the United States.

We are a Cayman Islands exempted company with limited liability. Our corporate affairs are governed by our Articles of Association (as may be amended and restated from time to time) and by the laws of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders and the responsibilities of members of our board of directors may be different from the rights of shareholders and responsibilities of directors in companies governed by the laws of U.S. jurisdictions. In particular, as a matter of Cayman Islands law, directors of a Cayman Islands company owe fiduciary duties to the company and separately a duty of care, diligence and skill to the company. Under Cayman Islands law, directors and officers owe the following fiduciary duties: (i) a duty to act in good faith in what the director or officer believes to be in the best interests of the company as a whole; (ii) a duty to exercise powers for the purposes for which those powers were conferred and not for a collateral purpose; (iii) directors should not improperly fetter the exercise of future discretion; (iv) a duty to exercise powers fairly as between different sections of shareholders; (v) a duty to exercise independent judgment; and (vi) a duty not to put themselves in a position in which there is a conflict between their duty to the company and their personal interests. Our Articles of Association have varied this last obligation by providing that a director must disclose the nature and extent of his or her interest, including those that may be a material interest, in any contract or arrangement, and following such disclosure and subject to any restriction/disqualification where the interest is material or any separate requirement under applicable law or the listing rules of the Nasdaq, and unless disqualified by the chairman of the relevant meeting, such director may vote in respect of any transaction or arrangement in which he or she is interested and may be counted in the quorum at the meeting. Conversely, under Delaware corporate law, a director has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its stockholders (made up of two components) and the director’s duties prohibit self-dealing by a director and mandate that the best interest of the corporation and its shareholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling shareholder and not shared by the shareholders generally. See “Description of Share Capital —Differences in Corporate Law.”

You may be unable to present proposals before annual general meetings or extraordinary general meetings not called by shareholders.

Cayman Islands law provides shareholders with only limited rights to requisition a general meeting, and does not provide shareholders with any right to put any proposal before a general meeting. However, these rights may be provided in a company’s articles of association. Our articles of association allow our shareholders holding shares representing in aggregate not less than 10% of our voting share capital in issue, to requisition a general meeting of our shareholders, in which case our directors are obliged to call such meeting. Advance notice of at least 7 clear days’ notice any other general meeting of our shareholders. A quorum required for a meeting of shareholders consists of at least two shareholders present or by proxy two or more shareholders entitled to vote on resolutions of shareholders to be considered at the meeting except where there is only one shareholder entitled to vote on resolutions of Members to be considered at the meeting in which case the quorum shall be one shareholder.

Our pre-IPO shareholders will be able to sell their shares upon completion of this offering subject to restrictions under Rule 144 under the Securities Act.

Our pre-IPO shareholders, the “Beneficial Owners,” may be able to sell their Ordinary Shares under Rule 144 after the completion of this offering. Because these shareholders have paid a lower price per Ordinary Share than participants in this offering, when they are able to sell their pre-IPO shares under Rule 144, they may be more willing to accept a lower sales price than the IPO price. This fact could impact the trading price of the Ordinary Shares following the completion of the offering, to the detriment of participants in this offering. We issued a total of [●] Ordinary Shares to the Beneficial Owners on February 19, 2019. As a result, an aggregate of 20,000,000 of our Ordinary Shares are issued as of the date of this prospectus. Under Rule 144, before the Beneficial Owners can sell their shares, in addition to meeting other requirements, they must meet the required holding period. We do not expect any of the issued Ordinary Shares to be sold pursuant to Rule 144 during the pendency of this offering.

DISCLOSURE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus contains forward-looking statements that reflect our current expectations and views of future events, all of which are subject to risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements give our current expectations or forecasts of future events. You can identify these statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. You can find many (but not all) of these statements by the use of words such as “approximates,” “believes,” “hopes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “may” or other similar expressions in this prospectus. These statements are likely to address our growth strategy, financial results and product and development programs. You must carefully consider any such statements and should understand that many factors could cause actual results to differ from our forward-looking statements. These factors may include inaccurate assumptions and a broad variety of other risks and uncertainties, including some that are known and some that are not. No forward-looking statement can be guaranteed and actual future results may vary materially. Factors that could cause actual results to differ from those discussed in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

We describe material risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could affect our business, including our financial condition and results of operations, under “Risk Factors.” We base our forward-looking statements on our management’s beliefs and assumptions based on information available to our management at the time the statements are made. We caution you that actual outcomes and results may, and are likely to, differ materially from what is expressed, implied or forecast by our forward-looking statements. Accordingly, you should be careful about relying on any forward-looking statements. Except as required under the federal securities laws, we do not have any intention or obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements after the distribution of this prospectus, whether as a result of new information, future events, changes in assumptions, or otherwise.

Industry Data and Forecasts

This prospectus contains data related to the vegetable oil industry in China. These industry data include projections that are based on a number of assumptions, which have been derived from industry and government sources which we believe to be reasonable. The vegetable oil industry may not grow at the rate projected by industry data, or at all. The failure of this industry to grow as anticipated is likely to have a material adverse effect on our business and the market price of our Ordinary Shares. Furthermore, if any one or more of the assumptions underlying the industry data turns out to be incorrect, actual results may, and are likely to, differ from the projections based on these assumptions.

ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES

We are incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands as an exempted company with limited liability. We are incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands because of certain benefits associated with being a Cayman Islands company, such as political and economic stability, an effective judicial system, a favorable tax system, the absence of foreign exchange control or currency restrictions and the availability of professional and support services. However, the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to the United States and provides significantly less protection for investors than the United States and provide protections to investors to a significantly lesser extent.

Substantially all of our assets are located in the PRC. In addition, all of our directors and officers are nationals or residents of the PRC and all or substantial portions of their assets are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to effect service of process within the United States upon us or these persons, or to enforce against us or them judgments obtained in United States courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States.

We have appointed Hunter Taubman Fischer & Li LLC as our agent to receive service of process with respect to any action brought against us in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York under the federal securities laws of the United States or of any state in the United States or any action brought against us in the Supreme Court of the State of New York in the County of New York under the securities laws of the State of New York.

Conyers Dill & Pearman, our counsel with respect to the laws of the Cayman Islands, and Beijing Docvit Law Firm (“Docvit”), our counsel with respect to PRC law, have advised us that there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the Cayman Islands or the PRC would (i) recognize or enforce judgments of United States courts obtained against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States or (ii) entertain original actions brought in the Cayman Islands or the PRC against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States.

Our Cayman Islands counsel has informed us that the uncertainty with regard to Cayman Islands law relates to whether a judgment obtained from the United States courts under civil liability provisions of the securities laws will be determined by the courts of the Cayman Islands as penal or punitive in nature. If such a determination is made, the courts of the Cayman Islands will not recognize or enforce the judgment against a Cayman Islands’ company. Because the courts of the Cayman Islands have yet to rule on whether such judgments are penal or punitive in nature, it is uncertain whether they would be enforceable in the Cayman Islands.

Our Cayman Islands counsel has further advised us that a final and conclusive judgment in the federal or state courts of the United States under which a sum of money is payable, other than a sum payable in respect of taxes, fines, penalties or similar charges, may be subject to enforcement proceedings as a debt in the courts of the Cayman Islands under the common law doctrine of obligation.

Docvit has further advised us that the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments are provided for under the PRC Civil Procedure Law. PRC courts may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRC Civil Procedure Law based either on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on reciprocity between jurisdictions. Docvit has advised us further that there are no treaties or other forms of reciprocity between China and the United States for the mutual recognition and enforcement of court judgments, thus making the recognition and enforcement of a U.S. court judgment in China difficult.

USE OF PROCEEDS

We estimate that we will receive net proceeds from this offering, after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and the estimated offering expenses payable by us and based upon an assumed initial public offering price of US$[●] per Ordinary Share, of approximately US$[●].

We plan to use the net proceeds we receive from this offering for the following purposes:

The foregoing represents our current intentions based upon our present plans and business conditions to use and allocate the net proceeds of this offering. Our management, however, will have significant flexibility and discretion to apply the net proceeds of this offering. If an unforeseen event occurs or business conditions change, we may use the proceeds of this offering differently than as described in this prospectus. To the extent that the net proceeds we receive from this offering are not immediately used for the above purposes, we intend to invest our net proceeds in short-term, interest-bearing bank deposits or debt instruments.

As an offshore holding company, we are permitted under PRC laws and regulations to provide funding to our PRC subsidiary through loans or capital contributions, subject to applicable regulatory approvals. We currently cannot make loans or capital contributions to our PRC subsidiary without first obtaining regulatory approvals, and if we decide to use the proceeds from this offering within the PRC, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain these regulatory approvals on a timely basis, if at all. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Doing Business in the PRC—PRC regulation of parent/subsidiary loans and direct investment by offshore holding companies to PRC entities may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of this offering to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC operating subsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.”

DIVIDEND POLICY

We intend to keep any future earnings to finance the expansion of our business, and we do not anticipate that any cash dividends will be paid in the foreseeable future.

Under Cayman Islands law and our Articles of Association, a Cayman Islands company may pay a dividend on its shares out of either profit or share premium amount, provided that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in the company being unable to pay its debts due in the ordinary course of business. According to our Articles of Association, dividends can be declared and paid out of funds lawfully available to us, which include the share premium account. Dividends, if any, would be paid in proportion to the number of Ordinary Shares a shareholder holds. For further information, see “Taxation — Cayman Islands Taxation.”

If we determine to pay dividends on any of our Ordinary Shares in the future, as a holding company, we will be dependent on receipt of funds from our Hong Kong subsidiary, Ruiyuan HK.

Current PRC regulations permit our indirect PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to Ruiyuan HK only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our subsidiaries in China is required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. Each of such entity in China is also required to further set aside a portion of its after-tax profits to fund the employee welfare fund, although the amount to be set aside, if any, is determined at the discretion of its board of directors. Although the statutory reserves can be used, among other ways, to increase the registered capital and eliminate future losses in excess of retained earnings of the respective companies, the reserve funds are not distributable as cash dividends except in the event of liquidation.

The PRC government also imposes controls on the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and the remittance of currencies out of the PRC. Therefore, we may experience difficulties in completing the administrative procedures necessary to obtain and remit foreign currency for the payment of dividends from our profits, if any. Furthermore, if our subsidiaries and affiliates in the PRC incur debt on their own in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments. If we or our subsidiaries are unable to receive all of the revenues from our operations through the current contractual arrangements, we may be unable to pay dividends on our Ordinary Shares.

Cash dividends, if any, on our Ordinary Shares will be paid in U.S. dollars. Ruiyuan HK may be considered a non-resident enterprise for tax purposes, so that any dividends WFOE pays to Ruiyuan HK may be regarded as China-sourced income and as a result may be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of up to 10%. See “Taxation—People’s Republic of China Enterprise Taxation.”

In order for us to pay dividends to our shareholders, we will rely on payments made from Aokai Fa to WFOE, pursuant to contractual arrangements between them, and the distribution of such payments to Ruiyuan HK as dividends from Aokai Fa. Certain payments from our Aokai Fa to WFOE are subject to PRC taxes, including business taxes and VAT. In addition, if Aokai Fa or its subsidiaries or branches incur debt on their own behalves in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict its ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to us.

Pursuant to the Arrangement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Tax Evasion on Income, or the Double Tax Avoidance Arrangement, the 10% withholding tax rate may be lowered to 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise owns no less than 25% of a PRC project. However, the 5% withholding tax rate does not automatically apply and certain requirements must be satisfied, including without limitation that (a) the Hong Kong project must be the beneficial owner of the relevant dividends; and (b) the Hong Kong project must directly hold no less than 25% share ownership in the PRC project during the 12 consecutive months preceding its receipt of the dividends. In current practice, a Hong Kong project must obtain a tax resident certificate from the Hong Kong tax authority to apply for the 5% lower PRC withholding tax rate. As the Hong Kong tax authority will issue such a tax resident certificate on a case-by-case basis, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain the tax resident certificate from the relevant Hong Kong tax authority and enjoy the preferential withholding tax rate of 5% under the Double Taxation Arrangement with respect to dividends to be paid by our PRC subsidiary to its immediate holding company, Ruiyuan HK. As of the date of this prospectus, we have not applied for the tax resident certificate from the relevant Hong Kong tax authority. Ruiyuan HK intends to apply for the tax resident certificate when WFOE plans to declare and pay dividends to Ruiyuan HK. See “Risk Factors—There are significant uncertainties under the EIT Law relating to the withholding tax liabilities of our PRC subsidiaries, and dividends payable by our PRC subsidiaries to our offshore subsidiaries may not qualify to enjoy certain treaty benefits.”

CAPITALIZATION

The following table sets forth our capitalization as of September 30, 2020: 

You should read this capitalization table in conjunction with “Use of Proceeds,” “Selected Consolidated Financial and Operating Data,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the consolidated financial statements and the related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.

DILUTION

If you invest in our Ordinary Shares, your interest will be diluted for each Ordinary Share you purchase to the extent of the difference between the initial public offering price per Ordinary Share and our net tangible book value per Ordinary Share after this offering. Dilution results from the fact that the initial public offering price per Ordinary Share is substantially in excess of the net tangible book value per Ordinary Share attributable to the existing shareholders for our presently outstanding Ordinary Shares.

Our net tangible book value as of September 30, 2020, was US$ 15,720,655, or US$ 0.786 per Ordinary Share. Net tangible book value represents the amount of our total consolidated tangible assets, less the amount of our total consolidated liabilities. Dilution is determined by subtracting the as adjusted net tangible book value per Ordinary Share from the initial public offering price per Ordinary Share and after deducting the estimated commissions to the underwriter and the estimated offering expenses payable by us.

Without taking into account any other changes in net tangible book value after September 30, 2020, other than to give effect to our sale of [●] Ordinary Shares offered in this offering based on the initial public offering price of US$[●] per Ordinary Share after deduction of the estimated commissions to the underwriter and the estimated offering expenses payable by us, our as adjusted net tangible book value as of September 30, 2020, would have been US$[●], or US$[●] per outstanding Ordinary Share. This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of US$[●] per Ordinary Share to the existing shareholders, and an immediate dilution in net tangible book value of US$[●] per Ordinary Share to investors purchasing Ordinary Shares in this offering. The as adjusted information discussed above is illustrative only. The following table illustrates such dilution:

A US$1.00 change in the assumed public offering price of US$[●] per ordinary share would, in the case of an increase, increase and, in the case of a decrease, decrease our pro forma net tangible book value after giving effect to the offering by US$[●] million, the pro forma net tangible book value per ordinary share after giving effect to this offering by US$[●] and the dilution in pro forma net tangible book value per ordinary share to new investors in this offering by US$[●], assuming no change to the number of ordinary shares offered by us as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses. The pro forma information discussed above is illustrative only. Our net tangible book value following the completion of this offering is subject to adjustment based on the actual initial public offering price of our ordinary shares and other terms of this offering determined at pricing.

The following table summarizes, on an as adjusted basis as of September 30, 2020, the differences between existing shareholders and the new investors, the total consideration paid and the average price per Ordinary Share before deducting the estimated commissions to the underwriter and the estimated offering expenses payable by us.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion contains forward-looking statements reflecting our current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. See “Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” for a discussion of the uncertainties, risks and assumptions associated with these statements. Actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those discussed in our forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus.

Overview

Incorporated on February 29, 2019, Huake Holding Biology Co., LTD. (“Huake”, “we”, “us”, “our”, or the “Company”) engages in the camellia seed oil (“Camellia Oil”) business mainly in China through VIE agreement with its controlled entity – Anhui Aokai Fa Grease Technology Co., Ltd. (“Aokai Fa”). Established in 2011 in Tangchi Town, Shucheng County in Anhui Province, Aokai Fa is one of the largest producers of Camellia Oil at a large scale in Anhui and has become a leading enterprise in forestry and agricultural sector in Anhui. Our product mix consists of Camellia Oil and its by-products. From the beginning of establishment, we have been dedicating ourselves to sourcing high-quality, organic, and traceable raw materials, improving production processes, and selling our high-quality products to 19 cities in China. Our goal is to become a leading national Camellia Oil producer as well as to develop “Aokai Fa” as a leading brand in the PRC to maximize our shareholders’ value.

Camellia Oil contains a high level of unsaturated fatty acid and has a similar nutritional structure compared to olive oil. It has a higher smoke point as compared to olive oil, which makes itself better suited for cooking styles in Chinese families. More importantly, under the backdrop of an aging society, the consumers become more aware of being healthy than ever. Therefore, we believe, Camellia Oil will be the alternative, organic, and health edible oil that fits the consumers’ needs and has a potentially huge market that we can tap into. In the future, we aim to develop more midrange and upmarket products to expand the product mix as well as to improve the brand image.

Other than continuously improving the quality of our products, we maintain excellent partnerships with our suppliers to source fine-grade raw materials. Through the course of our development, we have preliminarily achieved eco-friendly sourcing of raw material. Also, we implement a vertically integrated system to maintain strict control to ensure high quality of the products.

We are also constantly investing in and improving our production technologies and processes. We now own 16 patents and applications regarding our production techniques, machinery improvement, packaging techniques, and so on as of September 30, 2020.

Currently, we have online and offline distribution channels. We maintain a strong and expanding customer base through different channels of merchandising, including direct selling, sales exhibition, and franchising, etc. As of date of this prospectus, the Company has over 20 sales agents  nationwide covering Beijing, Guangxi, Fujian, etc., and also export our goods to areas like Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Southeast Asia.

As of date of this prospectus, the Company maintains stable revenues and net income. For the year ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the company had revenue of 14,636,348 and $13,929,469, and net income of $1,703,903 and $1,610,833, respectively.

COVID-19’s Impacts

Since the occurrence of COVID-19 in January 2020, it has posed great impacts in China. The Company paid great attention to its potential disruption to its business and has taken several measures to contain the negative effects it might bring to us. We believe the overlap between the national holiday of Chinese New Year and the outbreak period offset partially the negative effects. Besides, since we operate mainly out of Anhui Province, which has not been the epicenter of the outbreak (Hubei Province), and our production site is located in a city that has few infected case, this outbreak actually caused minor impacts on our business and operation.

On the sales side, during the audit period ending September 30, 2020, Hubei Province accounted for only 0.26% of our total revenue. Hence, we have observed no significant drop on the demands from our existing customers.

On the production side, the epidemic has limited impacts. We complied with government regulations and postponed the reopening of production line after Chinese New Year for approximately 2 weeks later than initially planned, to February 20, 2020. Nearly all of our production staffs are local residents and do not have to go through quarantine period before they went back to work. Therefore, we did not encounter a shortage of labor. As of the date of this prospectus, the Company has restored all of its production capacity as usual and is able to fulfill customers’ needs.

Since Anhui Province has been successful on its efforts containing the spread of the virus, we haven’t observed significant impacts concerning the matters relating to logistics, suppliers, and price of raw materials.

Results of Operations for the Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019

The following table summarizes the results of our operations during the fiscal years ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and provides information regarding the dollar and percentage increase or (decrease) during such years.

Revenue

Revenue increased by $706,879, or 5.07%, to $14,636,348 in fiscal year ended September 30, 2020 from $13,929,469 in fiscal year ended September 30, 2019. The increase in revenue was primarily due to an increase in selling price of our product. Meanwhile, the Company increased the support for dealers to expand their market share, leading to higher sales volume. The growth rate of revenue in fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 is consistent with the natural growth rate of the Company.

In the upcoming fiscal year ended September 30, 2021, Company plans to upgrade its products to provide high-end and higher value choices to its customers. This could potentially lead to a higher price per customer transaction and drive up the top-line revenues. In parallel, the Company plans to expand its current online and offline distribution channels to reach existing customers more effectively and to exploit midrange and upmarket customers. We plan to enter 2 more cities this year, Suzhou and Fuzhou.

Cost of goods sold

Our cost of goods sold increased by $475,157 or 4.25% to $11,650,058 in fiscal year ended September 30, 2020 from $11,174,901 in fiscal year ended September 30, 2019. As a percentage of revenue, the costs of goods sold were 79.60% and 80.22% for the years ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 respectively.

The increase in cost of goods sold was primarily due to increased sales in fiscal year ended September 30, 2020 compared with fiscal year ended September 30, 2019.

Gross profit

Our gross profit increased by $231,722, or 8.41%, to $2,986,290 in fiscal year ended September 30, 2020 from $2,754,568 in fiscal year ended September 30, 2019. The gross margin was 20.40% in fiscal year ended September 30, 2020, as compared with 19.78% in fiscal year ended September 30, 2019. The increase of 0.62% point was primarily attributed to a higher average factory price and retail price of our products in fiscal year ended September 30, 2020 compared to fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 and attributed to the Company’s operational focus on improving the quality of raw materials and lowering the unit production cost through technology.

The Company will make further steps to improve the gross margin. The company plans to invest in production machinery and develop more patented production techniques to improve oil yield and production efficiency, ultimately to decrease the unit production cost. Besides, the Company plans to enter the midrange and high-end market, expanding the current product scheme to increase the overall gross margin of the products.

Selling expenses.

Selling expenses increased by $10,289, or 8.21% to $135,601 in fiscal year ended September 30, 2020 compared to $125,312 in fiscal year ended September 30, 2019. As a percentage of sales, our selling expenses were 0.93% and 0.90% in fiscal year ended September 30, 2020 and fiscal year ended September 30, 2019, respectively. The increase in selling expenses is mainly attributed to increased sales.

General and administrative expenses.

Our general and administrative expenses increased by $97,903 or 16.59%, to $688,042 in fiscal year ended September 30, 2020 from $590,139 in fiscal year ended September 30, 2019. As a percentage of revenues, general and administrative expenses were 4.70% and 4.24% in fiscal year ended September 30, 2020 and fiscal year ended September 30, 2019, respectively. The increase in general and administrative expenses is mainly attributed to increased bad debt expenses, partially offset by lower listing agency fees and legal fees.

Subsidy income. 

Our government subsidy income was $2,284 in fiscal year ended September 30, 2020 compared to $40,784 in fiscal year ended September 30, 2019. Our government subsidy income was all granted by local governments in recognizing our achievements in various areas.

Collection of bad debt.

The collection of bad debt was $99,920 and $50,907 in fiscal year ended September 30, 2020 and fiscal year ended September 30, 2019, respectively. The collection of bad debt in both years was attributed to the winning of a lawsuit.

Foreign currency translation loss. 

The functional currency of our operating subsidiary in Anhui Province, China is RMB whereas our financial statements are expressed in USD. We translate results of operations and cash flows at average FX during the period, assets and liabilities at the unified exchange rate at the end of the period, and equity at historical exchange rates.

The Company recorded $753,730 foreign currency translation gain and $538,022 of foreign currency translation loss in fiscal year ended September 30, 2020 and fiscal year ended September 30, 2019, respectively.

Income before income taxes.

Our income before income taxes was $2,264,851 in fiscal year ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $134,043 or 6.29% compared with $2,130,808 in fiscal year ended September 30, 2019. The increase was primarily attributable to increased sales.

Provision for income taxes.

Our provision for income taxes was $560,948 in fiscal year ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $40,973 or 7.88% from $519,975 in fiscal year ended September 30, 2019. The increase was due to higher income in fiscal year ended September 30, 2020.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following table sets forth summary of our cash flows from operations for the periods indicated:

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities was $1,485,793 in fiscal year ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $1,535,629 compared to cash used in operating activities of $49,836 in fiscal year ended September 30, 2019. The increase in net cash provided by operating activities was primarily attributable to the following factors:

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $1,349,337 in in fiscal year ended September 30, 2020, an increase of $1,316,756 from net cash used in investing activities of $32,581 in in fiscal year ended September 30, 2019. The increase is mainly due to the Company made deposit of $1,348,921 for property purchase in the year end September 30, 2020.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities was $63,758 in in fiscal year ended September 30, 2020, compared to $42,394 net cash provided from financing activities in in fiscal year ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in net cash provided from financing activities in 2020 was primarily attributable to $72,560 of fees the Company paid for shareholders in fiscal year ended September 30, 2020, compared with $42,394 capital contribution in fiscal year ended September 30, 2019.

Capital Expenditures

We had capital expenditures of approximately $1,349,337 and $32,581 for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively for purchases of property in connection with our business activities.

Income Taxes

The enterprise income tax for Aokai Fa is calculated based on the statutory profit as defined in the PRC tax laws. The income tax returns for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 are subject to examination by the tax authorities.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets, including tax loss and credit carryforwards, and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of deferred tax assets and liabilities from a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The deferred income tax expense represents the change during the period in the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

Value Added Tax (“VAT”)

The Company is subject to VAT, which is levied on a majority of the products, at a rate ranging from 9% to 13% on the invoiced value of sales depending on the type of products sold. The output VAT is borne by customers in addition to the invoiced value of sales and input VAT is borne by the Company in addition to the invoiced value of purchases.

The VAT may be offset by VAT paid by the Company on raw materials and other materials included in the cost of producing or acquiring its finished products. Further, when exporting goods, the exporter is entitled to some or all of the refund of the VAT paid or assess.

All of the VAT returns of the Company remain subject to examination by the tax authorities for five years from the date of filing.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

ASC 825-10 requires certain disclosures regarding the fair value of financial instruments. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A three-level fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:

The Company considers the recorded value of its financial assets and liabilities, which consist primarily of cash, accounts receivable, advance to suppliers, accounts payable and accrued expenses, and advances from customers approximate the fair value of the respective assets and liabilities at September 30, 2020 and 2019  based upon the short-term nature of the assets and liabilities.

Determining which category an asset or liability falls within the hierarchy requires significant judgment. The Company evaluates its hierarchy disclosures each quarter.

There are no financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

New Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). This update will require the recognition of a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. For operating leases, the asset and liability will be expensed over the lease term on a straight-line basis, with all cash flows included in the operating section of the statement of cash flows. For finance leases, interest on the lease liability will be recognized separately from the amortization of the right-of-use asset in the statement of comprehensive income and the repayment of the principal portion of the lease liability will be classified as a financing activity while the interest component will be included in the operating section of the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-02 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and requires a modified retrospective approach to adoption. Early adoption is permitted. In September 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-13, which to clarify effective dates that public business entities and other entities were required to adopt ASC Topic 842 for annual reporting. A public business entity that otherwise would not meet the definition of a public business entity except for a requirement to include or the inclusion of its financial statements or financial information in another entity’s filing with the SEC adopting ASC Topic 842 for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020. ASU No. 2017-13 also amended that all components of a leveraged lease be recalculated from inception of the lease based on the revised after tax cash flows arising from the change in the tax law, including revised tax rates. The difference between the amounts originally recorded and the recalculated amounts must be included in income of the year in which the tax law is enacted. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-10, by which to defer the effective date for all other entities by an additional year. In June 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-05, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) and Leases (Topic 842) Effective Dates for Certain Entities” (“ASU 2020-05”) in response to the ongoing impacts to businesses in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. ASU 2020-05 provides a limited deferral of the effective dates for implementing previously issued ASU 606 and ASU 842 to give some relief to businesses and the difficulties they are facing during the pandemic. ASU 2020-05 affects entities in the “all other” category and public Not-For-Profit entities that have not gone into effect yet regarding ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). Entities in the “all other” category may defer to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company estimated that the effect of adopting ASC 842 on the consolidated financial statements of the Company will be recording right of use assets including prepaid rent of approximately $200,000 and operating lease liability of approximately $130,000 as of September 30, 2020.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, “Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes.” ASU 2019-12 eliminates certain exceptions within ASC 740, “Income Taxes,” and clarifies certain aspects of ASC 740 to promote consistency among reporting entities. ASU 2019-12 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. Most amendments within the standard are required to be applied on a prospective basis, while certain amendments must be applied on a retrospective or modified retrospective basis. The Company is evaluating the impact that adoption of ASU 2019-12 will have on its consolidated financial statements.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have not entered into any off-balance sheet arrangements.

INDUSTRY

China Has a Large Potential Camellia Oil Market

China’s edible vegetable oil market is growing steadily over the past few years, the consumption level increases from 27.55 million tons in 2013 to 34.40 million tons in 2018 with a CAGR of 3.8%, while the production level increases from 23.72 million tons to 29.63 million tons in the same period with a CAGR of 3.8%. The gap between the production and consumption level remains and is filled by imports. The import volume of edible vegetable oil in the 2019 H1 has increased by 37.0% YoY to 4.92 million tons. However, soybean oil and canola oil remain the mainstream products in the consumer market and high-value oil products such as olive oil and camellia oil take only a small portion. We believe the market is still untapped and the potential remains large.

Edible Vegetable Oil Production and Consumption in China²

As the original plant species of China, it is widely distributed among the hills in the southern part of China. Given its long history, the manufacturing processes have been perfected over time and the industry has a solid manufacturing foundation. According to the National Camellia Oil Industry Development Plan for 2009 to 2020, the unit production level will increase from 35.2 kilograms per acre in 2009 to 242.4 kilograms per acre in 2020 had all the forests been transformed to high-yield forests.

Camellia Oleifera Seed and Oil Production in China³

Consumption Upgrading and Aging Population Indicates a Promising Future

The urban residents’ disposable personal income has increased steadily from 3,076 USD in 2011 to 5,536 USD in 2018 with a CAGR of 9%. In the same period, the suburban residents’ disposable income has increased from 984 USD to 2,062 USD with a CAGR of 12%. The increase in disposable personal income encourages people to consume more and, in the meantime, pay more attention to their health.

Disposable Personal Income by Categories⁴

Camellia Oil’s targeted customer base is the elderly people, as well as the housewives. From 2000 to 2015, the number of people older than 60 years old increased from 130 million to 212 million. The proportion of people older than 60 years old over the total population has increased from 10.5% in 2000 to 15.5%, the aging phenomenon is becoming clearer and clearer. It is estimated that by 2020, the number of people older than 60 years old will be 255 million and the respective proportion will be 18.2%. As an irreversible trend, the potential customer base is becoming larger and larger, therefore, we believe that the high-value edible vegetable oil will take a large portion of the edible vegetable oil market.

Number of People Older than 60⁵

Younger people are becoming the backbones of the consumers, and they are more willing to try new things compared to their parents. Their needs are more diverse, and they are more aware of their and their parents’ health. According to a survey, these customers considers most the flavor, then the nutrition, but least the price. Therefore, these features will push the demands of high-value oil products such as olive oil, camellia oil, and corn oil, etc.

Customers’ Considerations of Purchasing Oil⁶

BUSINESS

Overview

We were formed under the name of “Huake Holding Biology Co., LTD.” on February 19, 2019, under the laws of the Cayman Islands (“Huake,” “we,” “us,” “our,” or the “Company”) as an exempted company with limited liability engaging in the production and sales of camellia seed oil (“Camellia Oil”) products in China. We conduct our operations through a contractually-controlled entity in the PRC named Anhui Aokai Fa Grease Technology Co., Ltd. (“Aokai Fa”), which was founded in 2011 in Tangchi town, Shucheng county of the Anhui province in China. Aokai Fa is a large-scale producer of Camellia Oil in the entire Anhui province (“Anhui”), and we are now one of the leading enterprises of forestry and agricultural industrialization in Anhui, integrating scientific research, farming, production, and sales. Our goal is to become a leading Camellia Oil producer in the PRC and to develop “Aokai Fa” as a leading brand in the Camellia Oil industry in the PRC.

Aokai Fa guarantees the quality of its Camellia Oil through a vertically integrated system which starts from the farms all the way through production and sales. We have perfected our production process and hold multiple patents. Our products are produced in a sterile environment where we maintain strict control over our products’ quality at a much higher level than the national testing standards.

Currently, we have online and offline distribution channels. We maintain a strong and expanding customer base through different channels of merchandising, including direct selling, sales exhibition, and franchising, etc. By far, the Company has over 20 sales agents nationwide covering Beijing, Guangxi, Fujian, etc., and also export our goods to areas like Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Southeast Asia.

As of date of this prospectus, the Company maintains stable revenues and net income. For the year ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the company had revenue of 14,636,348 and $13,929,469, and net income of $1,703,903 and $1,610,833, respectively.

Corporate History and Structure

Huake Holding Biology Co., LTD. is an exempted company incorporated with limited liability under the laws of the Cayman Islands on February 19, 2019 (“Huake”). Huake wholly owns China Ruiyuan Holding Co., Ltd. (“Ruiyuan HK”), a company incorporated under the laws of the Hong Kong S.A.R. of the PRC on March 19, 2019. Ruiyuan HK is the sole shareholder of Anhui Zhonguiyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., a limited liability company formed under the laws of the PRC on May 24, 2019, which controls Anhui Aokai Fa Grease Technology Co., Ltd., a company established under the laws of the PRC on December 26, 2011, through a series of contractual arrangements.

The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure:

Organizational chart

Contractual Arrangements between WFOE and Aokai Fa

Neither we nor our subsidiaries own any equity interest in Aokai Fa. Instead, we control and receive the economic benefits of Aokai Fa’s business operation through a series of contractual arrangements. WFOE, Aokai Fa and its shareholders entered into a series of contractual arrangements, also known as VIE Agreements. The VIE agreements are designed to provide WFOE with the power, rights and obligations equivalent in all material respects to those it would possess as the sole equity holder of Aokai Fa, including absolute control rights and the rights to the assets, property and revenue of Aokai Fa.

Each of the VIE Agreements is described in detail below:

Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreements

On August 18, 2019, WFOE and Aokai Fa executed the exclusive business cooperation agreement pursuant to which WFOE has agreed to provide Aokai Fa with technical support, consulting and other services. The parties agree that during the term of this agreement, where necessary, Aokai Fa may enter into further service agreements with WFOE or any other party designated by WFOE, which shall provide the specific contents, manner, personnel, and fees for the specific services. Aokai Fa has agreed to pay a monthly service fee to WFOE. The service fee for each month consists of a management fee and a fee for services provided, which is mutually determined by the parties based on: (i) complexity and difficulty of the services provided by WFOE; (ii) title of and time consumed by employees of WFOE providing the services; (iii) contents and value of the services provided by WFOE; (iv) market price of the same type of services; and (v) operational conditions of the Aokai Fa. In addition, if WFOE transfers technology to Aokai Fa or develops software or other technology as requested by Aokai Fa or leases equipment or properties to Aokai Fa, the technology transfer price, development fees or rent shall be determined by the parties based on the actual situation on a case by case basis.

If Aokai Fa materially breaches any term of this agreement, WFOE has a right to terminate this agreement and/or require Aokai Fa to indemnify it for all damages. Unless otherwise required by applicable laws, Aokai Fa does not have any right to terminate the agreement. The agreement became effective upon execution by the parties. Unless terminated in accordance with the terms of this agreement, the agreement remains in full force and effect.

Exclusive Option Agreement

On May 25, 2019, the shareholders of Aokai Fa, Aokai Fa and WFOE executed the Exclusive Option Agreement pursuant to which the shareholders of Aokai Fa irrevocably granted WFOE or its designee an exclusive purchase option to acquire, at any time, in whole or in part Aokai Fa’s equity interest held by each shareholder of Aokai Fa, or any portion thereof, to the extent permitted by the PRC law. The purchase price for the shareholders’ equity interests in Aokai Fa is RMB 108,687,728, unless PRC Law requires a minimum price that is higher at the time of the exercise of the option.

The shareholders of Aokai Fa and Aokai Fa further agree that, without obtaining prior written consent of WFOE, they may not (1) supplement, change or amend the articles of association of Aokai Fa, increase or decrease its registered capital, or change its structure of registered capital in other manner; (2) sell, transfer, mortgage or dispose of in any manner any material assets of Aokai Fa or legal or any other beneficial interest in the material business or revenues of Aokai Fa of more than RMB 10,000,000, or allow the encumbrance thereon of any security interest; (3) incur, inherit, guarantee or suffer the existence of any debt, except for payables incurred in the ordinary course of business other than through loans, or cause Aokai Fa to provide any person with any loan or credit; (4) cause Aokai Fa to execute any major contract with a price greater than RMB 500,000, except for the contracts in the ordinary course of business; (5) cause or permit Aokai Fa to merge, consolidate with, acquire or invest in any person; (6) in any manner distribute dividends to its shareholders, provided that upon WFOE’s written request, Aokai Fa shall immediately distribute all distributable profits to its shareholders; (7) engage in any business in competition with WFOE or its affiliates; or (8) be dissolved or liquated without prior written consent by WFOE.

The shareholders of Aokai Fa have agreed that, without obtaining the prior written consent of WFOE, among other things, (1) they may not sell, transfer, mortgage or dispose of, in any other manner, any legal or beneficial interest in the equity interests in Aokai Fa held by them, or allow the encumbrance thereon, except for the interest placed in accordance with the shareholders’ Equity Interest Pledge Agreement and their Powers of Attorney, (2) they shall cause the shareholders and/or directors (or the executive director) of Aokai Fa not to approve any sale, transfer, mortgage or disposition in any other manner of any legal or beneficial interest in the equity interests in Aokai Fa held by them as the shareholders, or allow the encumbrance thereon of any security interest, except for the interest placed in accordance with shareholders’ Equity Interest Pledge Agreement and the shareholders’ Power of Attorney, and (3) they shall cause the shareholders and/or directors (or the executive director) of Aokai Fa not to approve the merger or consolidation with any person, or the acquisition of or investment in any person.

The shareholders of Aokai Fa shall (1) cause the shareholders’ and/or the directors (or the executive director) of Aokai Fa to vote their approval of the transfer of the optioned interests as set forth in this agreement and to take any and all other actions that may be requested by WFOE; (2) appoint any designee of WFOE as the director or the executive director of Aokai Fa, at the request of WFOE; (3) waive any right of first of refusal with respect to transferring of equity interest, and give consent to execution by each other shareholder of Aokai Fa with WFOE any agreements similar to the contractual arrangements and undertakes not to take any action in conflict with such agreements; and (4) promptly assign any profit, interest, dividend or proceeds of liquidation to WFOE or any other person designated by WFOE to the extent permitted under the applicable PRC laws;

The agreement became effective upon execution by the parties, and remains effective until all equity interests held by the shareholders of Aokai Fa have been transferred or assigned to WFOE and/or any other person designated by WFOE in accordance with the agreement.

Equity Interest Pledge Agreement

On May 25, 2019, the shareholders of Aokai Fa, Aokai Fa and WFOE executed the Equity Interest Pledge Agreement, pursuant to which the shareholders of Aokai Fa have agreed that without the prior written consent of WFOE, the shareholders of Aokai Fa may not directly or indirectly assign, sell, donate, pledge, encumber or otherwise dispose of, any interest in the equity interest of Aokai Fa which they hold. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, in the event that either Aokai Fa or its shareholders are in breach of their obligations under the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement, Exclusive Option Agreement and/or the Power of Attorney (the “Transaction Documents”) and/or the Equity Interest Pledge Agreement, then WFOE has a right to request the shareholders of Aokai Fa to transfer all or part of the equity interest they hold to any other person designated by WFOE at a minimum price allowed by the applicable PRC laws and regulations.

Upon the fulfillment of all obligations under the Transaction Documents, this agreement will be deemed completed and terminated.

Power of Attorney

On May 25, 2019, each shareholder of Aokai Fa has executed an irrevocable power of attorney to appoint WFOE the or the authorized personnel of WFOE as its attorney-in-fact to exercise all of its rights as an equity owner of Aokai Fa, including (1) the right to attend shareholders and employees’ meetings of Aokai Fa; (2) the voting rights and any other rights that a shareholder of Aokai Fa is entitled to under the laws of China and Aokai Fa’s Articles of Association, including but not limited to the right to sell, transfer, pledge or dispose of shareholder’s equity interest in part or in whole; and (3) the designation and appointment of a legal representative, directors, supervisors, a chief executive officer and other senior management members of Aokai Fa.

Spousal Consent Letter

The spouse of each married shareholder of Aokai Fa executed a Spousal Consent Letter on May 25, 2019. Pursuant to the Spousal Consent Letter, the shareholder’s spouse has agreed to the execution of the Exclusive Option Agreement, Equity Interest Pledge Agreement, Power of Attorney and the disposal of the equity interests held by the shareholder in Aokai Fa pursuant to those agreements. The spouse of the shareholder agreed that he/she shall not assert any interests in such equity interests in Aokai Fa held by the shareholder, and if he/she obtains any such equity interests, he/she shall be bound by the Exclusive Option Agreement, Equity Interest Pledge Agreement, Power of Attorney and the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement.

Industry Background & Market Opportunities

Camellia Oil Industry Background

Camellia Oil, also known as tea seed oil or camellia seed oil, is a pure natural high-grade vegetable cooking oil. It is extracted from the seeds of wild camellia oleifera which originates from China. Camellia oil has a clear taste and is rich in nutrients, containing 85.2% to 95.8% of unsaturated fatty acids, making it the most nutritious oils for human consumption. In addition, Camellia Oil also has physiologically active substances such as tea polyphenols and vitamin E, which promotes oxygen enrichment, resists oxidation, provides anti-fatigue effects, improves human immunity, and enhances the gastrointestinal tract.

The main components of Camellia Oil are oleic acid and linoleic acid-based unsaturated fatty acids. According to a scientific thesis written by scholars of faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology at Ningbo University and Hangzhou Project & Research Institute of Electromenchanical in Light Industry, Camellia Oil effectively regulates the human heart, brain blood vessels, digestion, reproduction, neuroendocrine and immune systems. Long-term consumption of Camellia Oil brings obvious results against diseases such as hypertension, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and obesity. Compared to other edible oils, Camellia Oil holds the following characteristics:

Camellia Oil is highly favored by Chinese consumers due to its flavor, high quality and rich nutrition. Prior to 2004, the annual consumption of Camellia Oil in China was less than 200,000 tons. In 2013, that number exceeded 30 0,000 tons.

Prior to 2004, Camellia Oil consumption in China was less than 200,000 tons; from 2005 to 2011, the number was between 200,000 and 300,000 tons; It was in year 2013 that China’s Camellia Oil consumption went beyond 300,000 tons. At present, China’s annual output of Camellia Oil is 450,000 tons, and the annual per capita possession is only 0.3 kilograms, far lower than 20 kilograms of olive oil annual per capita possession in other developed countries. The current consumption structure of edible oil is unbalanced as the consumption of olive oil in developed countries generally accounts for more than 40% of the total consumption of vegetable oil.⁷ Since the Camellia Oil has similar features with olive oil, the future market growth and development potential of Camellia Oil is huge.

The Camellia Oil extraction enterprises in China can be categorized into the three followings: (1) small-scale agro-enterprises, which provide extraction services to Camellia oleifera farmers with very limited production capacity; (2) middle-scale crude oil production enterprises, which purchase Camellia oleifera seeds from farmers and produce crude Camellia Oil for sale to refineries; (3) industry-scale refineries, which have the ability to produce and refine crude Camellia Oil (some refineries purchase crude oil in lieu of producing by themselves). The process of extracting the oil can be divided into three types: cold pressing or cold extraction, hot pressing or hot extraction, and chemical extraction.

More than 90% of the global production of Camellia Oil comes from China. Camellia oleifera usually grows in unpolluted alpine and hilly areas in subtropical humid climate regions of southern China, such as Anhui province, Hunan province, Jiangxi province, and Guangxi province.

According to the National Camellia Oil Industry Development Plan (2009-2020) issued in 2009 by National Development and Reform Commission (“NDRC”), the Ministry of Finance (“MOF”), and the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, as of 2009, there are 659 Camellia Oil extraction enterprises, with 178 of which have annual production capacity over 500 ton and approximate 200 of which have refining ability. In 2010, the refined Camellia Oil production capacity was approximately seventy thousand tons per year, which composes one fourth of the total Camellia Oil production capacity in China. Most extraction enterprises are small scale agro-enterprises, and the market lack sufficient number of enterprises that have advanced producing techniques and large-scale producing capacity.

Today, Camellia Oil brands are concentrated in the Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. There are far fewer Camellia Oil brands in the Anhui province than in Jiangxi and Hunan provinces. Unlike the industries of other edible oils, the Camellia Oil industry has yet to see any big industry leaders. The industry is scattered, with 600 extraction enterprises according to the National Forestry and Grassland Administration. Most of the companies are small with underdeveloped production techniques and simple product mix. Industry-scale refineries exist, but there are fewer than 10 who actually own a brand and possess brand image, such as Hunan Jinhao, Hunan Guitaitai, Jiangxi Luhai, etc. The acceleration of development will be the trend for companies in this industry, and there will be a race to become the industry leader.

Market Opportunities

According to the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the disposable income of urban residents in China has increased from RMB19,109 in 2010 to RMB31,195 in 2015, maintain a compound annual average growth of 9.8%. In the same period, the disposable income of rural residents increased from RMB5,919 to RMB11,722, with a compound annual average growth of 13.1%. The ever-increasing per capita disposable income also promotes the willingness of people to spend on health improving products.

The increase in disposable income has also increased the number of people who pay more attention to the nutritional value of what they consume, and will lead them to discover the benefits of Camellia Oil.

Camellia Oil’s current consumer base consists of middle to old aged people. The proportion of older people to younger people in China has been gradually increasing over the years. According to the National Bureau of Statistics of China, whereas only 10.2% of the population consisted of the elderly back in 1999, that percentage increased to 14% in 2011, and it is estimated that it will reach 17.17% by 2050. We believe that the increase in the population percentage of our main consumer base will therefore lead to an increase in our revenues.

Aokai Fa’s land is located in Shucheng County, Lu’an City, Anhui Province, in the middle intersection between Dabie Mountain Range, Chaohu, and Jianghuai. To the southwest of the Company’s location is the Dabie Mountain which provides a superior geographical environment for cultivating high quality tea seeds. Shucheng being also a local representative for green tea production, provides the Company with superior raw materials with its rich tea tree resources.

Customer Concentration

Our primary customer base consists of oil wholesale distributors located in China including Anhui Province, Jiangsu Province and Guangdong Province in the PRC. Currently, Aokai Fa has entered into distribution agreement with 12 distributors, the term of which started in March 2021 and ends in March 2023. Each distributor has its designated distribution area(s). Aokai Fa agreed to provide the products at a price not more than the then market price and not more than 90% of price offered by the competitive companies of Aoka Fa. Below is a chart indicating our geographic distributions for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018, 2019 and 2020:

Partial Sales in Cities and Provinces for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018

Partial Sales in Cities and Provinces for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019:

Partial Sales in Cities and Provinces for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2020:

The revenue from our top ten largest customers for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018, 2019 and 2020 represented 72.8%, 55.9% and 59.8% of our total revenues respectively. Top 10 customers’ revenue percentage decreases over the years, but still consists of a large portion.

Retail Products

Our main products include Camellia Oil and camellia oil cake (“Oil Cake”). Oil Cake is the residue after Camellia Oil is extracted from camellia oleifera, and it is widely used as pond cleaning agent, weed killer, bug killer, and organic fertilizer. The following chart illustrates the revenues, gross profits and gross margins generated by these two main products as of September 30, 2020 and their growth rates comparing to those as of September 30, 2019:

Note:

Raw Material Suppliers

The yield per mu of camellia seeds (approximately 7176 square feet or 0.16 acre) in the Dabie Mountain area is 150 kilograms. At present, Lu’An City, where Aokai Fa’s production base is located, has a total of 980,000 mu of camellia seed farms. Total camellia seed production is weighed at approximately 50,000 tons, of which Aokai Fa controls 60% to 70% of the supply depending on the market price of Camellia Oil. Aokai Fa has entered into 14 purchase and advance payment agreements with its suppliers in May 2021, pursuant to which, Aoaki Fa will make advance payment, for an aggregate amount of RMB 127,000,000 (approximately US$ 18,471,922.06), to these entities and persons for the purchase of camellia seeds at a price that is 2% lower than the market price as of the time when such camellia seeds are delivered. The suppliers are responsible to deliver cameillia seeds to Aokai Fa, or otherwise return the prepayment made by Aokai Fa. Aokai Fa can also choose to pay these suppliers by Camellia Oil with equivalent cash value. The term of these purchase and advance payment agreements is one year and the Company intends to renew the agreements once they expired. The form of these purchase and advance payment agreements are filed as Exhibit 10.6 to this Form F-1.

The specific purchased amount will vary based on the price of camellia seeds at that time. In addition, Aokai Fa entered into an agreement with the village committee of Shucheng County for the purchase of camellia seeds produced from approximately 4,000 mu (approximately 659 acres) of farmland for fair market price during the term of the agreement. The village committee is in charge of the production, harvesting, packaging, storage and transportation of the camellia seeds in accordance with the organic products standards. The farmland is maintained by the village committee and should not be assigned or transferred to any third party for other use. The camellia sees produced from such farmland will be sold exclusively to us.

Aokai Fa has three main channels of raw materials, namely, (i) local farmers, (ii) agricultural companies, and (iii) farmers’ unions, and the proportion of supplies procured from these channels are approximately 28%, 35%, and 36%, respectively. The supplies procured from the local farmers are farmed on the farmland which is maintained by the local village committee  and according to standards set by the Company. We procure these supplies at various quantities according to actual demand, and do not need to pay additional consideration for them.

Farmers’ unions differ from agricultural companies in that they are comprised of groups of farmers that voluntarily joined together to support one another but each union is considered a single independent legal entity. For the purpose of our acquisition of raw materials, the farmers’ unions do not differ from the agricultural companies. We have signed purchase contracts with entities from all three channels that stipulate both quantity and quality requirements, rejecting raw materials that are not up to the Company’s standards. The Company’s own inspection personnel carefully inspect each shipment of raw materials and evaluate their qualifications prior to purchase and storage.

Due to the geographical advantage that we hold, we were able to establish direct communication channels with the local farmers (the “Farmers”). During different growth cycles, the Company’s agricultural technicians also help provide the Farmers with the necessary technical guidance to increase their yields and income. Due to the close proximity to the Company, the Farmers are also able to enjoy reduced transportation costs. Due to the mutual benefits between the Company and the Farmers, we have signed long-term purchase agreements with the Farmers to continue the steady cooperation.

The following chart illustrates the percentage of raw materials supplied by our top five suppliers from all three channels for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2020: 

Production

We have two main production procedures in producing our products; a pressing process followed by a physical refining process.

The pressing process involves cleaning, shelling, crushing, rolling, steaming, and finally pressing, to produce crude camellia oil. For this procedure, we utilize the most advanced double-screw oil press in China, which achieves a much higher efficiency compared to ordinary oil presses. While guaranteeing the quality of the Camellia Oil and not changing its flavor, our oil press leaves a residual oil rate of less than 5%, compared to the 8% to 10% residues left by the standard oil presses. Lesser residual oil means saving more money and resources in our production process, while also effectively preventing the negative effects of excessive residues, such as leaving benzopyrene or other chemical solvents in our products.

The physical refining process takes the crude camellia oil produced from the pressing process and further refines it through filtration, degumming (acidification), decolorization, deacidification (steam distillation), and deodorization. Through this process, we are able to produce refined Camellia Oil. This physical refining process also uses the leading production technology in the field, and is based on the production experience and relevant analytical data accumulated by the Company in the production process over many years. Through the refining process, we remove unwanted substances in the oil that affect its quality, thereby both increasing the quality and appearance of our product.

Distribution

The Company mainly distributes through traditional retail terminals, targeting consumers with existing consumption habits. Simultaneously, the Company also sells its products at an individual level, as well as to large customers and wholesale customers.

In regards to our traditional offline distribution channel, the Company’s “Aokai Fa” series products have developed more than a dozen distributors and several end-product retailers. The Company has won the trust and appreciation of distributors and consumers through its renowned trademark of Aokai Fa and high standard of quality management. The Company utilized appropriate refinement technology to develop new products to meet market demands in accordance with its diversified distribution channels and different needs among consumers. The Company also has differentiated pricing systems and discount policies towards distributors, retailers and individual consumer. The Company is going to further expand its distribution channels and plans to establish a distribution branch for promoting its products into national market. 

Growth Strategies

The Company will further improve on its product development and expects growth by implementing the following three strategies:

(1) Further developing new markets. With Anhui province as the starting point, we intend to break into first-tier cities by developing distribution channels and promoting sales on e-commerce platforms. At the same time, the Company is collaborating with exporting companies to re-design the packaging and re-position its products, hoping to increase exports to the overseas markets.

(2) Launching cosmetic and personal care products. We are negotiating with leading cosmetics companies to plan for the launch of a personal health product line, which will include cosmetics, personal care products, and hygiene products that feature Camellia Oil. We registered two trademarks “Hongzhiyu” (虹之玉) and “Shuiyiyan” (水依言) for such cosmetic and personal health products.

(3) Developing medical products. We entered into letters of intent with pharmaceutical companies for the production of Camellia Oil-based injection oils (“Camellia Oil Injections”). There are two main uses for Camellia Oil Injections; the first is as an intravenous infused oil for critically ill patients who cannot eat and/or are going through hypermetabolism, and the second facilitates the absorption of drugs by human bodies.

Environmental and Quality Management

We have obtained a statement issued by the Environmental Product Declaration of Shucheng County certifying that our factory is in compliance with the applicable regulations.

Primary Laws, Regulations and Policies

As of date of this prospectus, the primary laws and regulations of the agricultural and sideline food processing and other related industries that Company should abide are as follows:

In recent years, the state has placed great importance on the development of the camellia industry, and has introduced a series of policies proposing to expand the cultivation and production of camellia, to increase the proportion of self-supply of edible vegetable oil, to substantially increase investment in science and technology, and to establish and improve the technical system of the camellia industry. The primary policies related to the camellia industry in China are as follows:

The Standardization Law of the People’s Republic of China and Compulsory National Standards have set the following standards for products in our industry:

The quality standards adopted by Aokai Fa are in compliance with the relevant laws and regulations. As of the date of this prospectus, the Company has not received any complaints or disputes regarding its product quality.

Certifications

On July 6, 2018, the Company was issued the Food Production License, certificate number SC10234152306209, with the food category of edible oil, oil and its products, and is valid until July 5, 2023.

According a certificate issued by the Industrial and Commercial Administration and Quality Supervision and Technology Administration of Lu’an City, the Company has strictly complied with the laws and regulations on quality supervision since its establishment, and there have been no administrative penalties for any violation of laws, regulations or other regulatory documents relating to quality and technical supervision.

We received Food Production License (No. SC10234152306209) from Lu’an City’s Food and Drug Administration.

Marketing

Our business is marketed mostly in-stores. Prior to 2014, we promoted our products through advertisements in television and other media.

Competition

We face strong competition in our Camellia Oil product, in large part because our product in this segment is an agricultural product that is subject to relatively straight-forward product substitution. Competition is principally based on price, quality, product offerings, geographic location and relationship with farmers. Major competitors include but are not limited to: Hunan Guitai Camellia Oil Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangxi Runxin Technology Co., Ltd., Hunan Jinhao Camellia Oil Co., Ltd., Jiangxi Yuansen Camellia Oil Technology Co., Ltd., and Jiangxi Green Sea Oil & Fat Co., Ltd.

Our Competitive Strengths

We believe the following competitive strengths have contributed to, or will contribute to, our recent and ongoing growth:

Superior Location

Aokai Fa’s land is located in Shucheng County, Lu’an City, Anhui Province, in the middle intersection between Dabie Mountain Range, Chaohu, and Jianghuai. To the southwest of the Company’s location is the Dabie Mountain which provides a superior geographical environment for cultivating high quality tea seeds. Shucheng being also a local representative for green tea production, provides the Company with superior raw materials with its rich tea tree resources. Shucheng is also located at a convenient location for transportation; it is connected with the 206 National Highway, 105 National Highway, Shanghai-Chengdu Expressway, and the Hejiu Railway, all of which run throughout the territory and the three highways connecting with other provinces as well. The newly built Deshang Expressway will also set up the Tangchi Exit, and the waterway transportation runs through Tongchao Lake and the Yangtze River. The convenient transportation systems at this location provides cost efficiency for the transportation of the Company’s products. According to our preliminary accounting estimates, this reduces our expenses in external procurement by approximately 5%.

Dominant Producer of Camellia Oil

We believe that we are one of the largest producers of Camellia Oil in China, accounting for 20% - 25% of the market in China in 2018. We also obtained a food production license for the production of edible vegetable oil from the Food and Drug Administration of Lu’an City, and expect to produce blended edible oil products that contain Camellia Oil as one of the major ingredients. We believe that being the dominant producer and having stronger vertically integrated production capabilities will provide us with advantages in pricing and distribution of our products and spur further growth.

Strong Relationship with Key Distributors

We maintain steady cooperative relationships with over 10 distributors. We conduct our sales primarily through our distributors, who collectively control a direct sales force and use person-to-person marketing to promote and sell our Camellia Oil products. Compared to health and nutrition products that are distributed through traditional market means, these personal marketing efforts are supported by various mediums, including our marketing content, websites, events and social business solutions. We believe our distribution channel is an effective vehicle to distribute our products because:

Reputable Brand

Our Camellia Oil products are distributed under the recognized brand name “Aokai Fa.” In addition, we believe that we are the largest producer of Camellia Oil in the Anhui province, and that we are recognized by customers as one of the leaders in the Camellia Oil industry. We believe that our reputable brand name will benefit our future expansion and growth efforts.

Stable and Low Cost Raw Materials

We are a vertically integrated Camellia Oil producer. We entered into an agreement with the village committee of Shucheng County for the purchase of camellia seeds produced from approximately 4,000 mu (approximately 659 acres) of farmland for fair market price during the term of the agreement. The village committee is in charge of the production, harvesting, packaging, storage and transportation of the camellia seeds in accordance with the organic products standards. The farmland is maintained by the village committee and should not be assigned or transferred to any third party for other use. The camellia sees produced from such farmland will be sold exclusively to us.

Experienced Management

Our management team is led by our CEO, Pingting Wang, an industry expert on Camellia Oil products. Pingting Wang and Shuguang Chang co-founded our company and created the “Aokai Fa” brand with the vision of building our Company into a prominent Camellia Oil company in the health and wellness industry with diverse product offerings. Other members of our senior executive team are experienced in their areas of concentration, including manufacturing, marketing and sales, operations, financial management and cross-border business development.

Employees

As of the date of this prospectus, the Company has employed 27 individuals, each on a full-time basis, of which 5 employees are in the management department, 3 in the administration department, 2 in the financial reporting department, 9 in the production department, 6 in the marketing department, and 2 in the quality inspection department.

As required by laws and regulations in China, we participate in various employee social security plans that are organized by municipal and provincial governments, including housing, pension, medical insurance and unemployment insurance programs. We are required under Chinese law to make contributions to employee benefit plans at specified percentages of the salaries, bonuses and certain allowances of our employees, up to a maximum amount specified by the local government from time to time.

In addition to the full-time employees, the Company hire temporary workers for packaging, which does not require any sophisticated skillsets. The Company usually hires surplus laborers from the surrounding area, namely the unemployed living around the manufacturing facilities.

Facilities and Property

Office, Manufacturing and Research Facility

The Company’s main manufacturing facility is located in Tangchi town, Shucheng county of the Anhui province in China. It covers about 6,635.30 square meters. The Company leased the space from Anhui Yuchuang Commerce, Ltd., and the lease is valid from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2042. 

In addition, on December 18, 2019, the Company purchased from Anhui Yuchuang Commerce, Ltd. certain buildings, right to use the land, workshops and the assets attached thereto to be used as daily production, office and warehouse, which are located at Tangchi town, Shucheng county of the Anhui province in China, including two buildings with total space of 12,350.85 square meters, a steel-structured factory of 1,500 square meters, a room of 200 square meters, and an open space for a total of 13,300 square meters. Pursuant to the purchase agreement with Anhui Yuchuang Commerce, Ltd., the title of buildings, the right to use the land, and the assets attached thereto will not be transferred to the Company until 60% of total purchase price are paid. As of the date of this prospectus, the Company has not made such 60% of total purchase price yet and does not own these properties currently. 

The table below shows the current workshops, warehouse and office, which are all located in Tangchi Town, Shucheng County, Anhui Province:

Production Equipment

Intellectual Property

We own and utilize the trademarks and patents listed below. We continuously look to increase the number of our trademarks and potential design patents where necessary to protect valuable intellectual property. We regard our trademarks and other intellectual property as valuable assets and believe that they have significant value in the marketing of our products. We vigorously protect our trademarks against infringement, including through the use of cease and desist letters, administrative proceedings and lawsuits.

We rely on trademark, patent, copyright and trade secret protection, non-disclosure agreements and licensing arrangements to establish, protect and enforce intellectual property rights in our logos, trade names and in the design of our products. In particular, we believe that our future success will largely depend on our ability to maintain and protect the “Aokai Fa” trademark. Despite our efforts to safeguard and maintain our intellectual property rights, we cannot be certain that we will be successful in this regard. Furthermore, we cannot be certain that our trademarks, products and promotional materials or other intellectual property rights do not or will not violate the intellectual property rights of others, that our intellectual property would be upheld if challenged, or that we would, in such an event, not be prevented from using our trademarks or other intellectual property rights. Such claims, if proven, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, although any such claims may ultimately prove to be without merit, the necessary management attention to and legal costs associated with litigation or other resolution of future claims concerning trademarks and other intellectual property rights could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The laws of certain foreign countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent or in the same manner as do the laws of the PRC. Although we continue to implement protective measures and intend to defend our intellectual property rights vigorously, these efforts may not be successful or the costs associated with protecting our rights in certain jurisdictions may be prohibitive. From time to time we may discover products in the marketplace that are counterfeit reproductions of our products or that otherwise infringe upon intellectual property rights held by us. Actions taken by us to establish and protect our trademarks and other intellectual property rights may not be adequate to prevent imitation of our products by others or to prevent others from seeking to block sales of our products as violating trademarks and intellectual property rights. If we are unsuccessful in challenging a third party’s products on the basis of infringement of our intellectual property rights, continued sales of such products by that or any other third party could adversely impact the “Aokai Fa” brand, result in the shift of consumer preferences away from our products and generally have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Patents

Through Aokai Fa, we currently have five effective Chinese patents. Aokai Fa’s current Chinese issued patents expire at various times from July 2023 through December 2029 and it currently has two (2) Chinese patent  applications pending. We consider all of our patents to be important for our business.

The following table sets forth a brief description of the Company’s issued Chinese patents, including their respective publication numbers, application filing date, issue date, expiration date and title:

Trademarks

Through Aokai Fa, we currently have four Chinese trademarks. Aokai Fa’s current Chinese issued trademarks expire at various times from 2024 through 2027 and it currently has no Chinese trademark applications pending.

The following table sets forth a brief description of the Company’s issued Chinese trademarks, including their respective trademark numbers, issue date, expiration date and title: