Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses | (3) Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses Major classifications of loans, by collateral code, at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are summarized as follows: (in thousands) June 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Commercial (secured by real estate - owner occupied) $ 162,248 $ 162,989 Commercial (secured by real estate - non-owner occupied) 142,280 135,720 Commercial and industrial 151,007 147,775 Construction, land and acquisition & development 42,028 37,158 Residential mortgage 1-4 family 51,976 51,324 Consumer installment 113,602 111,268 Total 663,141 646,234 Less allowance for credit losses ( 9,252 ) ( 9,325 ) Total loans, net $ 653,889 $ 636,909 The Bank grants loans and extensions of credit to individuals and a variety of firms and corporations located primarily in the Atlanta, Georgia MSA. A substantial portion of the loan portfolio is collateralized by improved and unimproved real estate and is dependent upon the real estate market. With the acquisition of Affinity Bank, the Bank enhanced its lending within professional markets, with a primary focus on the dental industry in Georgia and adjoining states. The majority of these loans are commercial and industrial credits for practice acquisitions and equipment financing with the remainder being owner-occupied real estate. Accrued interest on loans totaled $ 1.7 million on June 30, 2023 and $ 1.6 million on December 31, 2022 and is included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) did not result in an increase to allowance for credit losses for loans for the Bank. The following table presents the balance in the allowance for credit losses and the recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment and based on impairment method as of and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and as of December 31, 2022: (in thousands) June 30, 2023 Commercial Commercial Commercial Construction, Residential Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance December 31, 2022 $ 2,403 $ 2,079 $ 2,292 $ 487 $ 345 $ 1,675 $ 44 $ 9,325 Provision ( 915 ) ( 748 ) ( 1,173 ) 523 1,094 756 463 — Charge-offs ( 4 ) — ( 3 ) — — ( 148 ) — ( 155 ) Recoveries 8 — — — 36 38 — 82 Ending balance $ 1,492 $ 1,331 $ 1,116 $ 1,010 $ 1,475 $ 2,321 $ 507 $ 9,252 Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance March 31, 2023 $ 1,509 $ 1,396 $ 1,205 $ 930 $ 1,514 $ 2,323 $ 357 $ 9,234 Provision ( 17 ) ( 65 ) ( 89 ) 80 ( 75 ) 16 150 - Charge-offs — — — — — ( 49 ) — ( 49 ) Recoveries — — — — 36 31 — 67 Ending balance $ 1,492 $ 1,331 $ 1,116 $ 1,010 $ 1,475 $ 2,321 $ 507 $ 9,252 December 31, 2022 Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ 2,701 $ 1,980 $ 2,242 $ 162 $ 502 $ 969 $ 3 $ 8,559 Provision ( 421 ) 99 55 325 ( 196 ) 801 41 704 Charge-offs — — ( 26 ) — — ( 123 ) — ( 149 ) Recoveries 123 — 21 — 39 28 — 211 Ending balance $ 2,403 $ 2,079 $ 2,292 $ 487 $ 345 $ 1,675 $ 44 $ 9,325 Ending allowance attributable to Individually evaluated $ 85 $ 1 $ — $ — $ 4 $ — $ — $ 90 Collectively evaluated 2,318 2,078 2,292 487 341 1,675 44 9,235 Total ending allowance $ 2,403 $ 2,079 $ 2,292 $ 487 $ 345 $ 1,675 $ 44 $ 9,325 Loans: Individually evaluated $ 85 $ 3,265 $ — $ — $ 2,399 $ — $ — $ 5,749 Collectively evaluated 162,904 132,455 147,775 37,158 48,925 111,268 — 640,485 Total loans $ 162,989 $ 135,720 $ 147,775 $ 37,158 $ 51,324 $ 111,268 $ — $ 646,234 The Bank recorded a provision for credit losses for unfunded commitments of $ 586,000 on January 1, 2023 upon adoption of ASC 326. A release on unfunded commitments for the six months ended June 30, 2023 of $ 3,000 was recorded, and is included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. The Bank also recorded a provision of $ 10,000 for credit losses for held-to-maturity securities for a net $ 7,000 recorded of provision for credit losses for the six months ended June 30, 2023. No provision for credit losses was recorded for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The Bank individually evaluates all loans for impairment that are on nonaccrual status or are rated substandard (as described below). Additionally, all loan modifications to a borrower with financial difficulty are evaluated for impairment. A loan is considered impaired when, based on current events and circumstances, it is probable that all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan will not be collected. Impaired loans are measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, at the loan’s observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Interest payments received on impaired loans are applied as a reduction of the outstanding principal balance. Collateral-Dependent Loans 4.0 million of collateral-dependent loans without an allowance and no collateral-dependent loans with an allowance at June 30, 2023. Impaired loans at December 31, 2022 were as follows: (in thousands) December 31, 2022 Recorded Unpaid Allocated Average Interest With no related allowance recorded: Commercial (secured by real estate - owner occupied) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Commercial (secured by real estate - non-owner occupied) 3,089 3,089 — 3,145 — Commercial and industrial — — — — — Construction, land and acquisition & development — — — — — Residential mortgage 1,526 1,526 — 1,596 5 Consumer installment — — — — — 4,615 4,615 — 4,741 5 With an allowance recorded: Commercial (secured by real estate - owner occupied) 85 85 85 90 4 Commercial (secured by real estate - non-owner occupied) 176 176 1 182 8 Commercial and industrial — — — — — Construction, land and acquisition & development — — — — — Residential mortgage 873 873 4 907 22 Consumer installment — — — — — 1,134 1,134 90 1,179 34 Total impaired loans $ 5,749 $ 5,749 $ 90 $ 5,920 $ 39 The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans, as well as the recorded investment in nonaccrual loans, as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 by class of loans: (in thousands) June 30, 2023 30 -59 60- 89 90 Days Total Accruing Loans Nonaccrual with Allowance Nonaccrual without Allowance Current Total Commercial (secured by real estate - owner occupied) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 79 $ — $ 162,169 $ 162,248 Commercial (secured by real estate - non-owner occupied) — — — — 165 3,020 139,095 142,280 Commercial and industrial — — — — — — 151,007 151,007 Construction, land and acquisition & — — — — — — 42,028 42,028 Residential mortgage 989 — — 989 637 2,027 48,323 51,976 Consumer installment 161 — — 161 — 247 113,194 113,602 Total $ 1,150 $ — $ — $ 1,150 $ 881 $ 5,294 $ 655,816 $ 663,141 December 31, 2022 30 -59 60- 89 90 Days Total Accruing Loans Nonaccrual Current Total Commercial (secured by real estate - owner occupied) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 85 $ 162,904 $ 162,989 Commercial (secured by real estate - non-owner occupied) — — — — 3,312 132,408 135,720 Commercial and industrial — — — — 3 147,772 147,775 Construction, land and acquisition & 85 — — 85 — 37,073 37,158 Residential mortgage 2,341 533 249 3,123 3,185 45,016 51,324 Consumer installment 571 59 — 630 135 110,503 111,268 Total $ 2,997 $ 592 $ 249 $ 3,838 $ 6,720 $ 635,676 $ 646,234 On January 1, 2023, the Bank adopted ASU 2022-02, which eliminated the accounting guidance for TDRs by creditors and enhanced the disclosure requirements for certain loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. There was one loan that was both experiencing financial difficulty and was modified during the six months ended June 30, 2023. There was one new residential mortgage loan modification to a borrower with financial difficulty for $ 26,000 during the six months ended June 30, 2023. The maturity date was extended. No loan modifications made to a borrower with financial difficulty subsequently defaulted during the six months ended June 30, 2023. The Bank categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information and current economic trends, among other factors. The Bank analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis is performed on a continuous basis. The Bank uses the following definitions for its risk ratings: Special Mention. Loans have potential weaknesses that may, if not corrected, weaken or inadequately protect the Bank's credit position at some future date. Weaknesses are generally the result of deviation from prudent lending practices, such as over advances on collateral. Credits in this category should, within a 12-month period, move to Pass if improved or drop to Substandard if poor trends continue. Substandard. Inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the collateral pledged, if any. Loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses such as primary source of repayment is gone or severely impaired or cash flow is insufficient to reduce debt. There is a distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful. Loans have the same weaknesses as those classified Substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable. The likelihood of a loss on an asset or portion of an asset classified Doubtful is high. Loss. Loans considered uncollectible and of such little value that the continuance as a Bank asset is not warranted. This does not mean that the loan has no recovery or salvage value, but rather the asset should be charged off even though partial recovery may be possible in the future. Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above described process are considered to be Pass rated loans. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, and based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category and year of origination of loans by class of loans is as follows: (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolvers Total Pass Commercial (secured by real estate - owner occupied) $ 2,848 $ 28,324 $ 32,137 $ 24,221 $ 10,513 $ 53,509 $ 10,270 $ 161,822 Commercial (secured by real estate - non-owner occupied) 22,077 36,757 26,462 5,077 10,725 24,308 9,509 134,915 Commercial and industrial 13,896 23,041 28,953 16,150 22,575 31,341 15,051 151,007 Construction, land and acquisition & development 8,959 23,784 6,245 111 189 1,231 1,486 42,005 Residential mortgage 3,313 5,445 1,995 1,846 1,488 31,186 3,737 49,010 Consumer installment 23,031 56,730 22,350 6,865 3,031 366 769 113,142 Total pass 74,124 174,081 118,142 54,270 48,521 141,941 40,822 651,901 Special Mention Commercial (secured by real estate - owner occupied) - - - - - 347 - 347 Commercial (secured by real estate - non-owner occupied) - - 3,589 - - 545 - 4,134 Commercial and industrial - - - - - - - - Construction, land and acquisition & development - - - - - - - - Residential mortgage - - - - - 182 - 182 Consumer installment 13 165 50 15 8 — — 251 Total special mention 13 165 3,639 15 8 1,074 - 4,914 Substandard Commercial (secured by real estate - owner occupied) - - - - - 79 - 79 Commercial (secured by real estate - non-owner occupied) - - - - - 3,216 15 3,231 Commercial and industrial - - - - - - - - Construction, land and acquisition & development - - - 23 - - - 23 Residential mortgage - 210 111 113 122 2,228 - 2,784 Consumer installment — 57 130 4 18 — — 209 Total substandard - 267 241 140 140 5,523 15 6,326 Total $ 74,137 $ 174,513 $ 122,022 $ 54,425 $ 48,669 $ 148,538 $ 40,837 $ 663,141 Current year to date period gross write-offs Commercial (secured by real estate - owner occupied) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 4 $ — $ 4 Commercial (secured by real estate - non-owner occupied) — — — — — — — — Commercial and industrial — — — — — 3 — 3 Construction, land and acquisition & development — — — — — — — — Residential mortgage — — — — — — — — Consumer installment — 59 78 11 — — — 148 Total current period gross write-offs $ — $ 59 $ 78 $ 11 $ — $ 7 $ — $ 155 December 31, 2022 Pass Special Substandard Doubtful/ Total Commercial (secured by real estate - owner occupied) $ 162,541 $ 362 $ 86 $ — $ 162,989 Commercial (secured by real estate - non-owner occupied) 130,115 2,293 3,312 — 135,720 Commercial and industrial 147,772 — 3 — 147,775 Construction, land and acquisition & development 37,158 — — — 37,158 Residential mortgage 48,193 — 3,131 — 51,324 Consumer installment 111,049 84 135 — 111,268 Total $ 636,828 $ 2,739 $ 6,667 $ — $ 646,234 |