The six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022
For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, we had net losses of $1,308,544 and $195,585, respectively, a change of $1,112,959. The year-to-year change was primarily driven by changes related to formation and business combination costs. Activity for the six months ended June 30, 2023 related to formation and business combination related costs was $2,038,022 compared to $538,785 for the six months ended June 30, 2022, a change of $1,499,237. We accrued franchise tax expense of $72,800 and $100,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, a change of $27,200. This year-to-year change in net loss was also driven by an increase in the change to the fair value of convertible promissory notes of $624,014 and an increase in income from trust investments of $49,592. The change in the fair value of warrants resulted in a loss of $5,500 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to a gain of $121,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The provision for income taxes was $195,374 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to $7,346 for the six months ended June 30, 2022.
The three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022
For the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, we had a net loss of $560,427 and net income of $37,178, respectively, a change of $597,605. The year-to-year change was primarily driven by changes related to formation and business combination costs. Activity for the three months ended June 30, 2023 related to formation and business combination related costs was $1,160,719 compared to $262,375 for the three months ended June 30, 2022, a change of $898,344. We accrued franchise tax expense of $36,700 and $50,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. This year-to-year change in net loss was also driven by an increase in the change to the fair value of convertible promissory notes of $442,489, a decrease in the change in the fair value of warrants of $71,500, and an increase in income from trust investments of $59,221. The provision for income taxes was $150,117 and $7,346 for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As indicated in the accompanying condensed financial statements, at June 30, 2023, we had $9,302 in cash and working capital deficit, excluding prepayments and accrual for taxes, of $2,935,710. Further, we have incurred and expect to continue to incur significant costs in pursuit of our financing and acquisition plans. We cannot assure you that our plans to raise capital or to consummate an initial business combination will be successful.
We intend to use substantially all of the funds held in our trust account, including any amounts representing interest earned on the trust account (which interest shall be net of taxes payable) to complete our initial business combination. We may withdraw interest to pay our taxes. Delaware franchise tax is based on our authorized shares or on our assumed par and non-par capital, whichever yields a lower result. Under the authorized shares method, each share is taxed at a graduated rate based on the number of authorized shares with a maximum aggregate tax of $200,000 per year. Under the assumed par value capital method, Delaware taxes each $1,000,000 of assumed par value capital at the rate of $400; where assumed par value would be (1) our total gross assets following the IPO, divided by (2) our total issued shares of common stock following the IPO, multiplied by (3) the number of our authorized shares following the IPO. Based on the number of shares of our common stock authorized and outstanding and our estimated total gross proceeds after the completion of the IPO, our annual franchise tax obligation is expected to be capped at the maximum amount of annual franchise taxes payable by us as a Delaware corporation of $200,000. Our annual income tax obligations will depend on the amount of interest and other income earned on the amounts held in the trust account. We expect the only taxes payable by us out of the funds in the trust account will be income and franchise taxes. We expect the interest earned on the amount in the trust account will be sufficient to pay our taxes. To the extent that our capital stock or debt is used, in whole or in part, as consideration to complete our initial business combination, the remaining proceeds held in the trust account will be used as working capital to finance the operations of the target business or businesses, make other acquisitions and pursue our growth strategies.
We have used these funds primarily to identify and evaluate target businesses, perform business due diligence on prospective target businesses, travel to and from the offices or similar locations of prospective target businesses or their representatives or owners, review corporate documents and material agreements of prospective target businesses, structure, negotiate and complete a business combination, and to pay taxes to the extent the interest earned on the trust account is not sufficient to pay our taxes.